Nanonis - SPECS GmbH
Contents
1. Connectivity SCS Output Impedance lt 1 Q short circuit safe Dimensions Reo 5 X26 lt 7 Gm Built in linearly regulated DA Converter 20 bit 1 ppm precision power supply toroidal 1 MS s Power Supply transformer automatic line voltage detection Max 51 W 100 240 V 50 60 Hz SPM Control System Base Package 5 Analog Outputs all specifications for 10 V output range INL lt 2 LSB max lt 1 LSB typical lt 25 nV VHz 100 Hz Output Noise Density lt 75 nV vHz 1 Hz lt 1 5 uV lt 25 pV 0V 9 9V 12h Drift Digital Lines 4 x 8 lines on four D sub Ports 9 female connectors Signal 3 3 V TTL max 25 mA per line High Speed Digital Lines 4 x inputs and 4 x outputs on Ports SMB male connectors Maximum Sampling 200 MHz Frequency Clock 1 x input 1 x output for active Ports clock source 50 ppm standard clock Accuracy 4 ppm optional OCXO Graphical User Interface Windows XP Vista 7 8 Operating System Windows 7 64 bit recommen ded Intel Core i5 2 5 GHz or Recommended equiv 4 GB RAM 1 TB HD Configuration two 21 screens with 1600 x 1200 or 1920 x 1200 pixels Online help F1 for context sensitive help tip strips for each control element printed hardware user manuals with operation instructions for related software modules Documentation Signals 48 signals inputs outputs and internal signals up2. 8 bit DIO ports Signal Conversion SC5 8 analog inputs OC 01 03 Simplified block diagram of the Nanonis BP5 SC01 SC02 SC03 The dual channel triggering oscilloscope makes monitoring analyzing and recording signals an easy task Highest signal performance Fully digital system All analog signals are converted immediately into the digital domain where all signal processing is performed making them essentially immune to external noise and crosstalk and ensuring the best possible signal quality which is crucial for SPM applications In combination with the powerful software package signal routing can be adapted and optimized on the fly with the press of a button instead of adjusting external hardware cabling A fully digital system is also flexible and scalable since software adaptations are all that is needed for rapid custom developments of the system Plenty of channels The generic analog interface provides 48 live signals 8 inputs 8 outputs and 32 internal signals with up to 24 signals that can be acquired simultaneously This allows the connection of signals including bias voltage current scan Signals lock in signals etc and combination of different signals in the digital domain The hardware is designed to support up to 24 inputs and 24 outputs plus multiple PLLs for AFM Operation thus allowing operation of even the most complex measurement set ups This large number of
3. Base Package 5 Nanonis SPM Control System The Nanonis SPM Control System Base Package 5 answers the demand for cutting edge performance It combines uncompromising Signal quality due to most advanced hardware with a fast and reliable control software From signal conditioning and AD DA conversion to fast signal processing via a comprehensive and operation optimized graphical user interface the Nanonis SPM Control System provides a powerful framework that can be further adapted and Host computer Windows 7 or 8 Dual or quad display Graphical user interface Data storage Nanonis BP5 THE EXPANDABLE ENGINE FOR YOUR SPM PROJECT The Base Package 5 of the Nanonis Control System combines exceptional signal quality and a flexible powerful and user friendly software interface making it the ideal choice for the most demanding SPM applications The standard for SPM control systems in its latest version extended with a wide range of add on modules All basic processes such as Z control scan control data acquisition data monitoring spectroscopy atomic manipulation and lithography are included allowing easy control of most STM and AFM operations The software adds measurement methods and complete signal processing combined with a streamlined user interface offering all necessary possibilities in an efficient workflow for demanding SPM experiments Signal distribution Clock I O 4x high speed DIO 4 x
4. only prerequisite for a measurement interface Low noise is of utmost importance and the SC5 delivers impressive performance on both inputs and outputs The noise floor of the SC5 lies below 25 nV VHz with an output voltage range of 10 V Despite its large bandwidth of 40 kHz the output noise does not exceed 10 uV RMS at a measurement bandwidth of 300 kHz meaning that the noise contribution of the SC5 is irrelevant in experimental situations Output range 10 V Previous generation More than 8x less output noise Spectral noise yV vHz 0 01 O 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Frequency Hz A massive reduction in output noise ensures the best possible measurement results Lowest 1 f noise outputs In contrast to broadband noise which can be easily filtered 1 f noise cannot be eliminated and becomes an issue for experiments requiring signals to be very stable The outputs of the SC5 have been designed keeping this in mind leading to a noise level below 750 nV peak peak 0 1 10 Hz 10 V range or about 2 times smaller than the maximum output signal SPM Control System Base Package 5 Output range 10 V Previous generation UA jy i VT Ru SC5 More than 12x less output drift Voltage noise 0 1 10 Hz pV Time s Stability at its best More than a one order of magnitu de improvement over the previous generation High speed analog output Designed for providing sawtooth wave
5. to 24 simulteneous signals for data display and acquisition Signals 32 bit floating point real world physical units Representation 15 SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH Voltastrasse 5 13355 Berlin Germany www specs com T 49 30 46 78 24 0 F 49 30 46 42 083 E info specs com SPECS
6. N Graphene Ir 111 Switch between STM top and nc AFM bottom modes on the fly Scan size 5x5 nm Scanning parameters U 30mV I 1nA Af 475mHz a b Constant height SPM images of graphene Ir 111 a Af channel range 2 66 Hz 2 46 Hz b I channel range 1 88nA 2 43nA Scan size 4 3 x 4 3nm Bias voltage was changed from 50 mV to 50mV in the midd le of the scan area Specifications Technical data G 1 Analog Inputs anes all specifications for 10 V input range Real time controller RC5 8 x BNC connectors Signal conversion SC5 soft STC Ine MUMS differential Content of Delivery ware and license unlimited updates and support for one year host computer Option Differential Input Impedance 2 MQ Operating tor C104 55 C Temperature oneer 18 bit no missing codes One year parts and labor EU 1 MS s Warranty two years on defects in mate rial and workmanship INL 2 LSB typical lt 150 nV VHz 10 kHz Input Noise Density lt 650 nV VHz 10 Hz RC5 Dimensions 32 5 x 28 x 21 cm lt 80 uV lt 100 uV 0 V 12 h Drift 9 9 V Built in universal power Power Supply supply max 200 W 100 240 V 50 60 Hz Analog Outputs Operating System NI LabVIEW Real Time OS all specifications for 10 V output range Hardware Interface 8 x BNC connectors 3 x SC5 max 3 x OC4 max referenced to AGND Total of max 4 frontends
7. Nanonis BPS SPM CONTROL SYSTEM BASE PACKAGE 5 e Operation optimized user interface Full flexibility for most advan ced measurement techniques e Uncompromising signal quality e Works with any SPM in any mode Future proof state of the art hardware SPECS INNOVATION IN SURFACE SPECTROSCOPY AND MICROSCOPY SYSTEMS SPECS leads the way in state of the art technology for electron spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy to our focus on customer support know how and international contacts Scientists all over the world can rely on SPECS product quality and be inspired by the continuous development of new products Development of Nanonis Version 5 SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH SPECS has more than 150 employees at its headquarters in Berlin and its subsidiaries in the USA and Switzerland The company also has sales offices in Spain and BeNeLux supported by international sales channels in sixteen countries A team of scientists and engineers is involved in developing and producing scientific instruments for surface analysis materials science and nanotechnology Since the company has been founded in 1983 its success is based on a continuous gain in experience SPECS scientists are in close contact to a large number of customers and scientists around the world SPECS is your essential partner in scientific instrumentation due Assembly of a scanning probe microscope SPM Control System
8. ble on request Oscillation control A new cockpit for AFM experiments While a few years ago there was only a handful of AFM measurement modes nowadays new measurement environments and techniques ask for a plethora of often sophisticated new measurement modes The control center for all this is the Oscillation Control of the Nanonis software Growing sophistication requires more effective user guidance therefore the AFM cockpit has been redesigned in order to counteract the growing complexity of AFM experiments offering a more logical approach and a better overview With a few clicks the oscillation controller can be transformed form a simple high performance lock in for intermittent contact mode measurements to a full featured controller for multi excitation and multi frequency FM AFM ASN ROS TrueDissipation FM AFM measurements allow discerning between conservative and nonconservative tip surface interaction forces the latter being determined by recording the excitation signal of the AFM probe In many cases however the resulting dissipation data show artefacts which cannot be related to tip sample interaction Most of these artefacts are attributed to apparent damping which mostly originates from energy dissipated into the measurement system thus making quantitative and therefore scientifically meaningful dissipation measurements impossible The fully automated TrueDissipation algorithm developed at wi
9. e powerful and effective tool for cutting edge scien tific research As demonstrated in the last decade the Nanonis SPM Control System has continuously evolved giving researchers access to new func tionality and features The same philosophy will continue to exist with the BP5 meaning that many new functions will be added in the years to come Future proof state of the art hardware Base Package 5 Signal Conversion SC5 The electronic mainboard of the SC5 is a showcase for the best available active digital and analog electronic components on the market Cheaper solutions leading to compromises have been discarded from the beginning since only by meticulously choosing the best suitable components down to each single resistor can the exceptional performance of the SC5 be achieved The SC5 is powered by a linear power supply Switching power supplies or DC DC converters are not used anywhere in the instrument Despite being equipped with a linear power supply there is no need to manually adjust the line voltage to local circumstances An intelligent circuit detects the line voltage and automatically configures the power transformer inputs An auxiliary power supply is available for powering external instruments like e g preamplifiers With its low noise preregulated 15 V voltage with up to 300 mA current delivery capability it makes external power supplies unnecessary Real time Controller RC5 The brain of the Nanoni
10. ed in the digital domain Adaptive oversampling allows the ability to always obtain the best signal to noise performance for a given data acquisition rate The user doesn t need to care about adjusting time constants as the data acquisition automatically provides the best setting Lowest drift with temperature Stabilization Scanning probe microscopes require very stable Signals over long measurement times For this reason the SC5 is equipped with a custom temperature stabilized high precision voltage reference The reference has a very low inherent noise and drift Temperature stabilization combined with thermal decoupling allows reduction of the temperature coefficient to below 3 uV C and output drift to below 1 5 uV in 12 hours at 0 V State of the art optional digital lock in amplifier with 40 kHz bandwidth DC signals are not the only strength of the SC5 Each output has a bandwidth of 40 kHz and measurement schemes requiring a lock in amplifier e g dI dV spectroscopy can be realized very easily With 1 MS s sample rate a THD N larger than 93 dB 18 Mor at 1 kHz linearity down to below 120 dB up to 22 bit resolution and multiple demodulators the SC5 outputs offer a powerful measurement tool also for the most demanding AC experiments requiring low harmonic distortion and multiple harmonic demodulation Lowest output noise floor When experiments involve energies of a few peV high resolution alone is not the
11. forms for coarse positioning applications the 9th analog output of the SC 5 has a bandwidth of 500 kHz With the flexible software function generator the user can use this additional channel to output arbitrary periodic waveforms Digital inputs and output 32 bidirectional digital lines give sufficient flexibility for read out and control of both Nanonis and external instruments For high speed counting applications four dedicated lines allow counting rates of up to 100 Mc s Nanonis Software Version 5 Most advanced user interface for SPM The user interface or in aviatic turns the cockpit is a crucial part of the measurement system when obtaining high quality data in a short time The growing complexitiy of nowadays SPM experiments requires controlling and overlooking of a large number of parameters yet even unexperienced users must be able to operate a complex instrument safely The BP5 user interface has been streamlined in comparison to its predeccessor offering a more productive and safe workflow This leads to a more modern look and feel and at the same time a large number of new functions Let your SPM fly without crash landings Interactive scan control The scan control module is interactive and dynamic allowing instantaneous control of the SPM tip in real time and in any situation Mouse button and scroll wheel control allows on the fly adjustments and data visualization optimization By this it is possible t
12. live signals can not only be monitored but also all signals are displayed as real world numbers in floating point representation with assigned SI units for immediate quantitative results without the need of additional calibrations during data analysis SPM Control System Base Package 5 Signal analysis and monitoring All signals can be inspected with the FFT spectrum analyzer dual channel oscilloscope signal charts and history panels Such fully digital and integrated software instruments are much more efficient in use less invasive better in performance and lower in cost than their external counterparts The ability to digitally route live signals to software instruments during active measurements without any negative impact on signal quality is truly invaluable when optimizing the experimental set up eliminating disturbances and thus improving the quality of scientific results High resolution AD DA conversion There is plenty of room at the bottom said Richard Feynman when he described his vision of the science that led to nanotechnology Enormous resolution is required to reveal the Smallest features while maintaining a large dynamic range The signal frontend of the Base Package the Nanonis SC5 uses the latest advances in AD DA conversion technology in combination with sophisticated digital filtering oversampling and dithering techniques to provide the highest resolution 22 bit resolution with pate
13. nt line grid or a cloud of points Additionally a point and shoot mode where the user can interactively perform any experiment at a mouse click and a fast spectroscopy mode allow precise and time efficient spectroscopic measurements while scanning animage Spectroscopy modules are bias spectroscopy Z spectroscopy and generic sweep where any output or parameter can be swept while any number of other selected channels can be recorded Each module is designed to optimize precision and time requirements of the experiments In the case of bias spectroscopy a bias dependent measurement resolution reduces the required measurement time per acquired spectroscopy curve while disabling of the dI dV AC modulation signal when in feedback improves reliability when determining the exact Z position In the same way in the Z spectroscopy module a dedicated safety loop reduces the risk of tip crashes In addition to the already implemented modules any user defined experiment written in LabVIEW can be integrated into the spectroscopy functionality of the Nanonis SPM Control System by using the Programming Interface Versatile Z controller The distance between tip and sample can be controlled by any signal or combination of signals Quantitative parameters allow the application of control theory models and yield a further understanding of the tip sample interaction The user configurable Z controller allows on the fly switching between set
14. nted hrDAC technology All outputs of the SC5 use 20 bit resolution 1 ppm precision DACs the best available on the market Just a few years ago similar performance on multiple outputs would have been impossible to realize The patented hrDAC technology turns these state of the art converters into real 22 bit devices which in a traditional approach would fill a rack with single channel instruments and cost ten times as much Measurements requiring smallest modulations with large offsets are thus possible without the need for drift and error inducing analog circuits or external mixers or attenuators The impressive dynamic range also eliminates the need for switching gains therefore coordinates are absolute over the full signal and scan range 1000 900 800 700 aii a Previous generation So 600 single 16 bit LSB steps 500 gt 5 400 S O 300 200 SC5 single 20 bit 100 LSB steps 16 times smaller 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 04 0 5 0 6 Time S A 500 uV sweep measured under equal conditions The SC5 shows a 16x higher resolution higher precision stability and lower noise compared to the previous generation Adaptive oversampling high resolution data acquisition A custom designed input stage allows acquisition of the weakest analog signals without compromises in dynamic range The signals are digitized at an early stage with 18 bit AD converters running at 1 MS s and then process
15. o zoom in adapt scan frame parameters and paste multiple scanned images to the background for reference With up to seven eo Poire tien A Fi He ma erano E he JEM scan windows it is easy to keep an overview over all acquired data Arbitrary rotation of the scan plane on any of the X Y and Z axis even allows to scan on the walls of high aspect ratio samples Advanced multipass techniques with Scripting functions Many experimental techniques require the tip to be scanned multiple times on the same line while acquiring a scan image The Nanonis multi pass function allows multiple passes with different setpoints speeds bias voltages at constant tip to sample distance constant Z or with any other parameter recorded during the previous pass Multiple passes can be time consuming when taking high resolution images therefore optimizing the time for each scanned image can become crucial The multipass function is therefore coupled with a scripting function which makes it possible to run experiments like KPFM at real time and deterministic speed just with a few script entries and thus reduces time losses without the need for complex programming The scan control module gives the user a complete overview of the sample and full control of the SPM tip at any time User Interface Z Controller Advanced 2D and 3D spectroscopy Advanced spectroscopy modules provide a Set of flexible routines for experiments on a poi
16. ositioners in SPM applications even under the most difficult conditions e g at very low temperatures or with large capacitance piezo motors The PMD4 is available with eight or sixteen output channels and a single waveform generator or with eight output channels and two waveform generators It can be remotely controlled in combination with a Nanonis SPM control system over its digital interface or with the included handset The amplitude of the output waveform can be varied continuously between 0 and 400 V and its frequency continuously between 1 Hz and 20 kHz Piezo Drivers Nanonis PD5 The Nanonis PD5 combines the functionality of the HVA4 and of the PMD4 into a single enclosure Five low noise high voltage channels with the same specifications as the HVA4 are combined with eight outputs for driving low capacitance piezo motors with software or handset control Adaptation kits for use with commercial microscopes Numerous adaptation kits are available to interface the Nanonis SPM Control System with most types of commercial microscopes including Omicron Veeco Bruker JEOL Createc RHK and Unisoku The original SPM cables connect directly to the pin compatible interfaces making a change of the control system extremely simple ui 13 High resolution images measured with the Nanonis BP5 Atomically resolved 3D STM image of graphene moir on Ru 0001 Scan size 16 5x16 5 nm Tunneling para meters L InA U0 S
17. ow acquisition of high dynamic range Signals without the need of gain switching while exact timing is guaranteed by a fully configurable triggering system with pre triggering option In parallel to precise time resolved measurements the FFT function offers very high frequency resolution down to the mHz range SPM Control System Base Package 5 Add on modules Scripting For experiments where exact timing is crucial the scripting module becomes the ideal companion for the Nanonis Programming Interface Scripts are executed on the real time system in a time deterministic manner improving reducing the time response by a factor of 100 Scripting can be fully integrated with time consuming measurements like Kelvin Probe and Multipass techniques thus reducing dwell times and improving measurement precision Add on modules for special applications There is a variety of modules for special applications like Atom tracking Kelvin controller Interferometer controller Function Generator PI Controller In addition to the modules listed above pulse counters a large number of coarse approach motor control modules for commercial and home built microscopes and other dedicated modules are available on request Constantly more add on modules to come A large number of other new functions and im provements ranging from improved data display to subgrid spectroscopy have been implemented with the goal to give researchers an even mor
18. rated PLL adds dynamic AFM capabilities to the Nanonis Control System The z feedback can regulate on any signal coming from the mechanical resonator with any predefined SafeTip conditions Imaging modes include among others non contact AFM intermittent contact mode phase imaging dissipation With an input bandwidth of 5 MHz the OC4 can operate any type of cantilever tuning fork needle sensors etc and their harmonics And it can be used as a powerful digital lock in amplifier SPM Control System Base Package 5 High Voltage Amplifiers Nanonis HVA4 The Nanonis HVA4 is a low noise six channel high voltage amplifier specifically designed for nanopositioning applications using piezo elements Three different models with maximum output voltages of 140 V 220 V or 400 V let the user choose an optimal setup for his application With differential inputs and a noise spectrum density below 1 uV VHz at 300 Hz at gain 40 input shorted the HVA4 sets the Standard for low noise HV applications The SNR of the HVA4 is so large that even with a 10 um Z range piezo tube the noise level in Z corresponds to less than 2 pm RMS far below the corrugation of the sample Piezo Drivers Nanonis PMD4 The Nanonis PMD4 is a high performance piezo motor driver designed to drive piezo positioners with a very wide range of specifications Owing to its patented output drive technology the PMD4 is perfectly suited for driving piezo p
19. s Base Package is the real time controller RC5 By using the latest FPGA and CPU technology the RC5 provides enough speed connectivity and processing power for the most demanding tasks Modularity doesn t stop there either Both FPGA and real time modules are easily exchangeable and can be updated Should significantly faster modules be available in the future When a new experiment is started often not all requirements are already known in detail This is no problem with the SC5 and its real time controller RC5 The addition of one or more Nanonis Oscillation Controllers OCA which extends the frequency range to 5 MHz is Straightforward should a larger signal bandwidth be required Communication triggering and control of additional external instruments is an easy task thanks to the various digital communication options of the RC5 11 Hardware add ons fora modular control system Modularity of the Nanonis SPM control system means that the hardware required for a given experimental situation can be tailored to the users needs This is the most flexible and at the same time cost effective solution and offers the best performance since each instrument is highly optimized Hardware add ons include the oscillation controller high voltage amplifiers piezo drivers and adaptation kits for commercial microscopes Oscillation Controller with PLL Nano nis OC4 and OC4 Dual The Oscillation Controller OC4 with digitally integ
20. th McGill Universityreference determines the amount of apparent damping and corrects measured dissipation data accordingly allowing for a much more precise determination of nonconservative interaction forces Advanced signal processing lock in The same advanced filtering techniques used for the oscillation control are available for the lock in module boosting dynamic reserve and improving noise rejection performance Combined with the exceptional signal performance of the SC5 the new lock in module becomes an even more powerful tool for high resolution measurements like scanning tunneling spectroscopy and transport Advanced signal processing Multifrequency and multidemodulator filtering Multifrequency techniques have shown that significant physical information can be extracted from an apparently simple looking AFM probe oscillation signal The new oscillation control offers multiple independently configurable demodulators all seamlessly integrated into the Nanonis signal handling Performing complex multifrequency measurements is now possible with just a few clicks and without requiring additional hardware Small amplitudes of harmonics or noisy signals due to difficult environments demand high performance signal recovery capabilities The oscillation control offers improved filtering techniques with better stopband attenuation user selectable slopes individual configuration for each harmonic and all this compatible wi
21. th the existing OC4 hardware User Interface Oscillation Control Add on module LabVIEW Programming Interface Competitive advantage in research is often based on the modification of an instrument that allows the researcher to perform experiments in a way nobody else has done before This is where the LabVIEW Programming Interface steps in to give you the building blocks to design your own experiment The LabVIEW Programming Interface consists of libraries to access the controls and functions of the graphical user interface Itis used to automate experiments sequences calibration routines and experimental procedures Polling of parameters and signals at high rates allows for Supervision and alarm settings and many other features Instead of using a simple scripting language or a dedicated language the Nanonis SPM Control System provides full access to all the features provided with LabVIEW graphs database access convenient data handling TCP IP GPIB RS232 USB access to other instruments signal analysis functions and much more Add on modules Advanced oscilloscope and FFT SPM experiments often require acquisition of time dependent signals with typical time scales ranging from microseconds to several minutes A new oscilloscope and FFT module gives access to data acquisition with up to 1 MS s variable acquisition time and trace lengths of up to 1 million points The high precision and low noise inputs of the SC5 all
22. tings such as input signal and feedback parameters And when it takes days to get the first high quality image a tip crash is the last thing a researcher wants to happen The SafeTip function takes care of retracting the tip Should a potentially harmful event be detected SPM Control System Base Package 5 Not only is this function very fast and designed to reduce creep induced drift but it also gives the user a variety of choices what to do in such an event ranging from engaging coarse motion to retract the tip further to a scan resume function which limits data losses while scanning le kk FS Active Controller log Current Home abs m M wvinaraw Home ESTR 0 O Zim 450 000n Current A 10 000 Type OP PIT Easy expansion through add on modules The modularity of the software is a key advantage in cost optimization Additional software modules can be added when experimental needs require them Even modules which are not available at the time of purchase of the Base Package can be purchased at a later stage making the instrument highly future proof The addition of new modules does not require any hardware or software installation and can be performed ina very short time In addition to the modules listed above pulse counters a large number of coarse approach motor control modules for commercial and home built microscopes and other dedicated modules are availa
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