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IE3D for Antennas

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1. Define Port and Port for Edge Groups Command Port gt Define Port Port gt Port for Edge Groups Port gt Selected Rectangles for Horizontal Localized Port Port gt Selected Rectangles for Vertical Localized Ports Port gt Selected Edges for Extension Port TA O oo Define Port Saas Port for Edge Group 14 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas Function Allow defining a port by clicking at an edge on a layer Allow defining a port by windowing a group of linked edges on different layers Allow defining a group of connected horizontally placed rectangles not necessary to be completely horizontal with constant Z as a horizontal localized port Allow defining a group of connected vertical rectangles as a vertical localized port Allow defining a group of linked edges on different layers as an extension port Selected Rectangles for Horizontal Localized Port 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Requirement for Ports Closed Loop for Current 1 i 2 t A current return path 1 2 Infinite ground plane serves as the return path and reference terminal automatically Port 2 current return path Infinite ground plane of same potential everywhere and it serves as reference Finite ground is not of same potential everywhere and we need and ports or terminals Port 1 15 Applications of IE3D in Designing P
2. HyperLynx 3D EM Applications for Designing Planar and 3D Antennas Release 15 3 2010 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved This document contains information that is proprietary to Mentor Graphics Corporation The original recipient of this document may duplicate this document in whole or in part for internal business purposes only provided that this entire notice appears in all copies In duplicating any part of this document the recipient agrees to make every reasonable effort to prevent the unauthorized use and distribution of the proprietary information This document is for information and instruction purposes Mentor Graphics reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this publication without prior notice and the reader should in all cases consult Mentor Graphics to determine whether any changes have been made The terms and conditions governing the sale and licensing of Mentor Graphics products are set forth in written agreements between Mentor Graphics and its customers No representation or other affirmation of fact contained in this publication shall be deemed to be a warranty or give rise to any liability of Mentor Graphics whatsoever MENTOR GRAPHICS MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE MENTOR GRAPHICS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR AN
3. We may be able to do it if the 2 ports return paths have the same potential If our antenna has an infinite ground plane the 2 ports return paths have the same potential and we can let them share the same SHORT For finite ground plane structures the return paths of the 2 ports do not have the same potential We can not let them to share the same SHORT gt ca R3 Port 1 Geometry Correct connections Probably incorrect on MODUA connections 55 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 7 Current Distribution and Radiation Pattern with Lumped Elements e Simulate the geometry from 7 5 to 8 5 GHz for 5 frequency points with Current Distribution Data saved Geometry file probe _fed_rpatch3a geo MODUA will be invoked to display the s parameters and another MGRID will be invoked to display the meshed geometry and current distribution e Select Control gt Display Toggle on MODUA and connect the lumped elements again Save the design as probe_fed_rpatch3_for_1a dsg e Select Process gt Simulate and Find Excitation on MODUA MODUA will perform a circuit simulation on it Then MODUA will prompt you for the excitations and terminations on the final ports only port 1 e Select OK to accept the default wave source setting Inc 1 V and Ri 50 ohms MODUA will list all the excitation and termination inf
4. dB Want perfect match at 8 GHz Change feed location 36 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 2 For the 15 IE3D layout editor MGRID the basic objects for geometry editing are the vertices polygons We can control the locations of the vertices polygons for tuning of a structure s shape We need to define vertices or polygons as optimization variables MGRID has much flexibility in geometry modeling while defining optimization variables is less straight forward than IE3DLibrary For the 27 IE3D layout editor IE3DLibrary the basic objects are the parameterized elements We can map the dimensions of the elements to a set of variables IE3DLibrary allows users to create a parameterized structure easily while it is less flexible in changing the shapes of a geometry IE3DLibrary has a user programmable object allowing users to program their own parameterized objects for sophisticated EM optimization Both IE3D layout editors are complementary We will focus on MGRID in this presentation 37 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 3 Identify how we can control the vertices for changing the patch size and feed location while still keeping it a valid geometry within the low bound and h
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6. A a ai Geometry Int N Optional Parame ters a ee M Automatic Edge Cells Width fE 20 30 Area Ratio 100 0 _ 2 FG AEC Width vs Regular Size 3 6 Min Surface Cells 77 Boone mM Min Surac a IE S E e teprcaciel l Total Dielectric Cals 0 a y D nt S Simulation Parameters ell ce oe Display Options v Keep Meshing SSS SSS ae eee JAZZ ava PTT TTT Tras PT Py HH AEC 22 mils 35 3 and it is slightly big AEC 2 mils 3 2 and it is Ai small Note AEC size is not very critical as long as it is not at extreme value 24 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 6 EM Simulation dB Select Process gt Simulate Enter Start Freq 7 End Freq 9 and Number of Freq 101 Select Enter button or hit Enter to put the 101 frequency points into the list Enable Adaptive Intelli Fit AIF Please enable it always for the cases with multi frequency points and without saving the current distribution and pattern calculation Select OK and the IE3D engine is invoked to simulate the structure After simulation the s parameters are saved in edge_fed_rpatch1 sp The bundled circuit simulator MODUA is invoked to display the s parameters To change to other display please select the Define Display Data Define Display Graph Define Display Smith Chart in the Control menu of
7. Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Finite Substrates 4 Case Unknowns Simulation Time s Infinite 327 2 Ground Finite 999 17 Ground Finite 2232 173 Substrate Elevation Pattern Gain Display o lT Infinite f 8 08 GHz E total phi 90 deg a lT f 8 2 GHz E total phi 90 deg TI Finite Substrate f 8 18 GH7z E total phi 90 deg P 0 0 i 5 5 a a a uo z E A Pin a i re elke a Eir a oat 15 _ o 20 90 120 150 180 20 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 BO Elevation Angle deg Resonant Gain Freq GHz dBi 8 08 6 06 8 20 7 03 8 18 7 07 Gain dBi Directivity dBi N paga ans i hey 10 Ee Et a Comparison between infinite ground amp substrate finite ground and finite substrate cases Directivity Efficiency dBi 7 61 69 9 8 17 76 8 8 08 79 3 Elevation Pattern Directivity Display T Infinite f 8 08 GHz E total phi 90 deg a l f 8 2 GHz E total phi 90 deg T Finite Substrate f 8 18 GHz E total phi 90 deg 5 Bs P o po d 480 150 1420 90 C 10 T 5 a 2 B B 60 30 0 30 Elevation Angle deg Note Again division and meshing alignment is needed for high accuracy results in modeling finite dielectrics Division and meshing alignment must be done manually on the IE3D 10 2 Automatic meshing alignment will b
8. Create the 3 port model e Click at the No 2 layer Z 10 on the layer window to focus the input on the layer e Type Shift A Input gt Key In Absolute Location and enter X Y 300 100 for the location of port 1 Type Shift A and enter X Y 200 250 for the location of port 2 Type Shift A and enter X Y 400 350 for the location of port 3 It is as if you are entering the vertices of a polygon e Select Entity gt Probe Feed to Patch Enter the parameters as shown Select OK to create the ports Save the file as probe_fed_patch3 geo Probe Feed To Patch iva Sa 300 100 No pa 200 250 No T Y 400 350 i Number of Segments for Circle eooo lt 2 for a square and 2 for strip Divizion Angle eooo Start Z coordinate gt fo End 2 coordinate gt f 0 Negative Level gt lO Positive Level gt 0 DT Radius p0 RO Geometry with 3 034 vertices entered Enter Final geometry with 3 ports built Cancel ra Note Number of Segments for Circle 0 means a square probe and it is accurate enough Normally a coaxial probe is modeled precisely when we choose distance from Negative Level to Positive Level about 1 of the distance from Start Z Coordinate to End Z Coordinate with Negative Level the same as Start Z Coordinate 52 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antenna
9. MODUA for it The simulated s parameters are always normalized to 50 ohms To change the normalization impedance please display the s parameters first Then select Control gt Terminating Impedance to change it The s parameters can be displayed any time later as long as the edge_fed_rpatch1 sp Is not deleted You can select File gt Display Parameter Module on MODUA for it 7 dB Ss 1 1 Re Z 1 1 Im zZ 1 1 a 2 700 PE Ro 500 23 anos a hi li 400 o 500 fit a 300 4 400 300 100 iw 5 G i 10 1 D Fee gapan iH Aa 200 o 14 100 oe 300 T T 25 T5 v 05 8 2 95 25 a75 g T T 25 T5 T 15 E 8 25 8 5 8 795 g Frequency GHz Frequency GHz 25 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 7 EM Simulation with Current Distribution Data and Pattern Calculation e Save the geometry as edge_fed_rpatch2 geo Select Process gt Simulate Select Delete All to delete the frequency points Enter Start Freq 7 8 End Freq 8 3 and Number of Freq 6 Select Enter button or hit Enter to put the 6 frequency points into the list e Disable Adaptive Intelli Fit AIF Check Current Distribution File to enable saving the current distribution data You can check Radiation Pattern File to enable automatic pattern calculation However we can always perform the pattern calculation
10. add finite dielectric types in Basic Parameters Before Modification After Modification Substrate Layers SSS SS Substrate Lenaro a Conductor Assumption Limit f 000d MaxDB 500 substrate Conductor Assumption Limit fi O00 Max DK 500 Substrate No D top 3 93 01e 016 T 3 93701e 016 Eper 1 TanD E 0 Mod D top 10 T 10 Ep22 TanD E 0 001 Mur 1 Tanl No 0 D top 0 Eps TanD E 0 Muri TanD MJ 0 Sigma 0 No 1 D Ztop 3 93701e 016 T 3 93701e 016 Epsr 1 TanD E 0 Noo D top 0 Epsr 1 TanD E 0 Murd TanD M 0 Sigma 0 0 Di pete cob nice Types pa Dielectric Types No 0 Eperee2 TanD 0 001 Sigma 0 0 Fd 0 Crt Meshing 1 Define the shape of the finite ground as the finite substrate e Select Edit gt Select Polygon Group Focus selection to Z 0 layer Select the polygons for the finite ground e Select Adv Edit gt Define Dielectrics Call Enter Z1 0 and Z2 10 for the finite substrate spanning from 0 to 10 mils Select the only dielectrics type in the list Check Keep original polygons after defining dielectrics because we want to keep the selected polygons for the finite ground Select OK and the finite substrate is defined Save the file as edge_fed_rpatch1_fg_vlocalized_fd geo 3D View of the finite substrate structure Top view of the meshed __ structure _ 3D view of the meshed structure 47 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas
11. at 0 as variable 2 Add v2 at 22 5 amp rate 1 vi 3 Add v3 at 45 amp rate 1 4 Add v4 at 0 amp rate 0 707 v2 L2 2L1 gt Go through all vertices and we will have the radius as a variable 45 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Finite Substrates 1 Arectangular patch antenna with finite substrate and finite ground plane e Take the edge fed rpatch1 fg viocalized_ diff_aligned geo as an example Assume the substrate size is the same as the ground size e The basic procedures Define dielectric type in the Basic Parameters dialog Define some horizontal polygons as a call for dielectrics with span in z direction e The key to high accuracy modeling Align the division lines or even the meshing between the polygons and the finite substrates We have demonstrated the importance of meshing alignment in edge _fed rpatch1 fg vliocalized_diff_aligned geo We will use it as the starting point for our finite ground modeling Rectangle connected to feed line and the finite ground defined a v localized port ap Vertical localized port structure edge_fed_rpatch1 fg _vlocalized_dift_aligned geo 46 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Finite Substrates 2 Modify the substrates and
12. can print a copy of the End User License Agreement from www mentor com eula Mentor Graphics Corporation 8005 S W Boeckman Road Wilsonville Oregon 97070 7777 Telephone 503 685 7000 Toll Free Telephone 800 592 2210 Website www mentor com SupportNet supportnet mentor com Send Feedback on Documentation supportnet mentor com doc feedback form Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas _Mentor DhIcS Software Version 15 3 Introduction to lIE3D IE3D Is an integral equation and method of moment based EM simulator IE3D mainly focuses on general planar and 3D metallic structures in layered dielectric environments It is very efficient accurate and flexible for such structures IE3D can also model 3D dielectric structures such as patch antennas with finite substrates and dielectric resonator antennas 1 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Applications of IE3D Microwave circuits and MMICs RF circuits LTCC circuits and RF ICs Microwave RF and wireless antennas RFID tag antennas HTS filters Electronic packaging and signal integrity EMC and EMI Many other low to high frequency structures 2 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Applications in Antennas Planar antennas such as microst
13. for example to execution of a single session by a single user on the authorized hardware or for a restricted period of time such limitations may be technically implemented through the use of authorization codes or similar devices and c support services provided mcluding eligibility to receive telephone support updates modifications and revisions For the avoidance of doubt if Customer requests any change or enhancement to Software whether in the course of receiving support or consulting services evaluating Software performing beta testing or otherwise any inventions product improvements modifications or developments made by Mentor Graphics at Mentor Graphics sole discretion will be the exclusive property of Mentor Graphics ESC SOFTWARE If Customer purchases a license to use development or prototyping tools of Mentor Graphics Embedded Software Channel ESC Mentor Graphics grants to Customer a nontransferable nonexclusive license to reproduce and distribute executable files created using ESC compilers including the ESC run time libraries distributed with ESC C and C compiler Software that are linked into a composite program as an integral part of Customer s compiled computer program provided that Customer distributes these files only in conjunction with Customer s compiled computer program Mentor Graphics does NOT grant Customer any right to duplicate incorporate or embed copies of Mentor Graphics real time Opera
14. gt Select Vertices Window v1 to v6 Select Optim gt Variable for Selected Objects Enter Tuning Angle 90 Select OK Move the mouse downward and click Enter the Low Bound as 30 Move the mouse upward and click Enter the High Bound as 30 As you can see no matter what Low Bound we define it will not cause the Y of v2 to be larger than the Y of v4 e Save as edge fed rpatch1 optim geo v1 v2 Note Try to define smaller range between Low Bound and High Bound for faster optimization 39 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 5 Electromagnetic Tuning e Select Process gt Simulate for simulation with sweeping of dimensions e Enter the frequency points e Select Define or Define All in the Tuning Setting of the Simulation Setup dialog to define a simulation sweeping The feature allows you to simulate the structure with different combinations of values for the optimization or tuning variables You can choose the s parameter file name to include the indices of the tuning or the values of the tuning variables Tuning Setting No 1 War 1 in 0 0 Define Define All File Name Style Include Tune Indices Total Sets e Electromagnetic Optimization What can you optimize S parameters 50 ohms or non 50 ohm normalized Y and Z parameters Maximum Gain or Gain at Specific Angles Maxi
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16. s l GA dB S 1 1 l Adaptive dB S 1 1 Scheme Calls Simulations Residual Powell 57 46 0 184374 Genetic 565 187 0 153546 l Adaptive 50 50 0 0125524 l Note Some calls may have the same variable values They will not be simulated again when a call is detected to be the same as a previous one 44 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 10 Mapping Multiple Vertices to the Same Variable with Different Tuning Rate Assume we want to optimize the dimensions of a right angle rectangle with its shape unchanged Select Edit gt Select Vertices Window v1 to select it Select Optim gt Variable for Selected Objects Define the Tuning Angle 90 Define the appropriate Low Bound and High Bound Select Edit gt Select Vertices Window v2 to select it Select Optim gt Add Selected Vertices to Variable Make sure the Vertices Mapped to the right variable for v1 Define the Tuning Angle 0 and the Tuning Rate 2 Select OK The reason we choose the Tuning Rate 2 is that we want the v2 changing in the 0 direction twice as fast as the v1 changing in the 90 direction The above scheme is very flexible and it allows us to define variables to control very complicated structures see the circle radius example Define circle radius as optimization j v1 v3 variable L1 v2 1 Define v1
17. 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Finite Substrates 3 Simulate the finite substrate structure and compare the result with infinite ground and substrate case and the finite ground and infinite substrate case e The input impedance is almost the same for the 3 cases Finite substrate does not have very serious impact to the input impedance The Smith Chart locus is almost identical for the 3 cases It only shifts the resonant frequency slightly e Finite ground changes the radiation pattern much Normally finite ground does not have serious impact to the radiation pattern for bore side antennas It only changes the pattern at 0 90 only For end fired antenna it may change the pattern shape significantly e Finite ground creates much less surface wave than infinite ground The infinite ground effectively double the substrate thickness and causes much more surface wave e Finite substrate will convert the surface wave back to the radiation wave It normally yields higher efficiency e 7 Infinite Ground and dB S 1 1 s l Finite Ground dB S 1 1 T Finte Substrate dB S 1 1 7 7 25 7 5 7 75 8 8 25 8 5 Frequency GHz 48 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas j43 2 50 0 JA e Infinite 1 1 f rah e s Finite Ground S 1 1 377 20 e Finite Ground S 1 1 j89 8 3 A j32 2 i675 143 2 550 0 2013 Mentor Graphics
18. 4443 ANANN O 5 Ph oo oo0000 4 Bs o0 3 25 000000 1 So o00000 A ip Polygon For Help press F1 M List All Layers Insert a Laver 0 S O C Ow O p9 Sho tI a lt 4 r Terre mi 266 842 R2_COPYPEN No Plane Wave Defined Top View Window for Editing Layer window for the polygon layers 11 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Layout Editor Menu System filtL geo MGrid 10 2 Fie Edit Param Input AdvEdit Entty Port Optm View Process Help Menu Edit Adv Edit Param Input Port Optim Entity View Process Function Editing of the polygons and vertices Advanced editing features for polygons and vertices Change and setup of basic parameters and optional parameters Basic parameters including substrates top and bottom grounds metallic types enclosures geometry entry grid sizes finite dielectrics properties Optional parameters control the default setups for geometry editing simulation accuracy and efficiency Handling vertex entry and manipulation Define and edit ports Define and edit optimization variables for EM optimization and tuning Creation of pre defined objects as polygons in one shot Setup the 2D and 3D views Meshing simulation setup optimization setup invoking other applications for displaying s parameters current distribution and patterns 12 eApplications of IE3D in Designing Pla
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21. Extension port Window the end of the feed line for the port 1 Select Port gt Exit Port for the final picture of the antenna Save the file as edge_fed_rpatch1 geo file It should be ready for simulation Untitled MGrid 10 2 oli File Edit Param Input Adv Edit Entity Port Optm View Process Help Cae S ejs RRR Ye tee xT e a Sete Al CSF kis ME oe G0 HAO UAAQh Step 1 Window aes the vertices of the z 30 feed line dx 940 dy 530 i dz 0 dRho 10794 20012 CoO phe 2741559983 ns k 1079 120012 theta 30 ME Gd l ho 0 4 Ib 206 3 b List All Lap a ee E A a Step 3 In Port for Edge Group mode window the end of the feed line for the port 23 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 5 Preview Meshing and Automatic Edge Cells e Select Process gt Display Meshing Make sure Fmax 10 GHz Ncells 15 cells A Automatic Edge Cell AEC enabled and Edge Cell Width 6 mils MGRID will show the AEC Width vs Regular Size 9 6 After OK man will display the meshing E SSS aa SSE SEE SSE SSS SSE SSE ESSE SS eee a CEE ameters Automatic Meshing Par F Highest Frequency GHz E D ee ee ee Cells per Wavelength 15 PP ee EE EEN Estimated Max CelSie B225 E
22. Find Excitation for the ECT MODUA setup for Simulate file for the feed network for pattern calculation on MGRID with pattern calculation enabled Parameter Geometry Module i 7 module The calculated pattern is for the 3 port antenna in The calculated pattern is for the final 1 port circuit the box of dashed lines instead of the 1 port final in the box of dashed lines instead of the 3 port circuit Incident power input power mis match and geometry module Using the geometry module we efficiency are calculated based upon the 3 ports of allow the users to find the pattern of the whole the parameter module instead of the 1 port of the system including the geometry module and other final circuit Using the ECT file we allow the users lumped elements We even allow the users to find to find the pattern of the antenna with all the lumped the pattern of the whole circuit consisting of elements connected It only allows the users to find multiple geometry modules the pattern of one parameter or geometry module once at a time if the circuit consists of multiple parameter or geometry modules 58 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Summary IE3D is a very capable EM simulation and Optimization package for both 2 5D and 3D antenna modeling Its accuracy and efficiency are proven by wide range industrial verifications The geometry modeli
23. Finite substrate Y Z represented by polygons Meshed polygons for finite substrate a 8 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Basic Concepts in Building Models 5 Major editing window Is the top view and drawing is on layers A 3D polygon can be entered with some vertices on one layer and some vertices on other layers Many advanced editing commands allowing users to create and edit complicated planar and 3D geometry shapes Layer window indicates colors and Z coordinates of layers Mouse driven editing ontop view 3D View for display and 3D polygons entered as vertices on O 5 o0 000000 O 4 Ers o0 O 3 25 000000 2 E O 1 So o0 O A B Pogon 9 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Application MGRID IE3D MODUA PATTERNVVIEW ZdibAnimator IE3Dlibrary MDSPICE FilterSyn for IE3Dlibrary SpiralSyn for IE3Dlibrary ADIX LineGauge ZDS ZDM 10 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas Major Application Programs Function Layout editor current distribution and near field post processor It is the major GUI program of the package EM simulation and optimization engine Pre processor for mixed EM and circuit simulation and optimization Post processor for s parameters display and handling circuit simulation a
24. Freq to 10 GHz Cells per Wavelength 15 Select Insert button in Substrates list box to define a substrate with Ztop 10 mils er 2 2 tan 6 0 001 Select OK after you finish Layout and Grid Define metallic strip types not layers here Define finite m dielectric types here if any 20 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas r Comment Pe Cancel Layouts and Grids Length Meshing Parameters Unit i Meshing Freq GHz fio V Automatic Edge Cell Width 2 93701 Minimum 3 9370 005 Cells per Wavelength fig Messing Optimization Warning Limit a000 Enclosures No 0 No Side Walls Length Unit m Substrate Layers Conductor Assumption Limit f10000 Max DK 500 Substrate Display Margin a2 _ Default Transparency 05 Na XxX No 2 D Ztop 3 93701e 016 T 3 93701e 016 Epsr 1 TanD E 0 Mur 1 TanD MJ 0 Sigma 0 0 Ei 0 Fd 0 Cmt No 1 D Ztop 10 T 10 Epsr 2 2 TanD E 0 001 Mur 1 TanD M 0 Sigma 0 0 Ei 0 Fd 0 Cmt No 0 G Ztop 0 Epsr 1 TanD E 0 Mur 1 TanD M 0 Sigma 4 9e 007 0 Ei 0 Fd 0 Cmt TanD M 0 Sigma 4 9e 007 0 Metallic Strip Types Select DeSelect All Batch Change Property UXIA E m Dielectric Types Default Transparency 0 5 m Template File Open Save Meshing Freq Insert button for substrates You can open a template fi
25. IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 9 4 Pattern Visualization Processing and Comparison on PATTERNVIEW e Calculated pattern files pat can be added into the pattern list for display and comparison Edit gt Add Pattern command The files added into the list can be compared e Calculated general pattern can be processed to get the pattern file pat with specified excitation Edit gt Process General Pattern General patterns allow users to define the excitation at the display time without repeated pattern calculations which take much time Z n 28 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 3D Pattern Display 3D pattern cut into 2D polar pattern 3D mapped pattern cut into 2D Cartesian pattern Gain dBi In 3BD mapped pattern p in the picture represents angle in the reality 180 Py aa an 6 0 2 0 2 0 6 0 10 0 44 9 10 0 6 0 2 0 2 0 6 0 o f 7 8 GHz E total phi 0 deg s f 7 8 GHz E total phi 90 deg AS S go OO8L s Tl f 7 8 GHz E total phi 0 deg a l f 7 8 GHz E total phi 90 deg 6 72 a a a a a a ar as 6 Ps m 2 2 _ i HE 4 4 6 i g 10 J 10 12 12 J4 Po i oo J4 480 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Elevation Angle de
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29. ay the 11 S21 S31 S22 S32 and S33 Simulate the antenna with lumped elements e Select Control gt Display Toggle to get to the schematic view e Select P2 and P3 and delete them e Select Element gt Capacitor to create the 2 capacitors C 1p e Select Element gt Resistor to create the 2 resistor R 1 e Select Element gt Connection to wire them up as shown e Select Element gt Short to connect the Local Ground e Select Process gt Simulate on MODUA to get the final s parameters e Select File gt Save S Parameters to save the final 1 port results J dB S 1 1 s dB S 2 1 lT dB S 2 2 dB S 3 1 v dB S 3 2 J dB S 3 3 T dB S 1 1 8 8 1 Frequency GHz 3 port intermediate results 1 port final results 54 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 6 Discussion on Lumped Element Connections e On the geometry a port has 2 terminal On MODUA a port is represented as 1 terminal How can be connect a lumped element with 2 terminal on MODUA e Basically we need to connect one terminal of the lumped element to the terminal for the port The 2 terminal of the lumped element is connected to an INDIVIDUAL SHORT The INDIVIDUAL SHORT represents the RETURN PATH for the port e Can we share the SHORT between 2 different lumped elements
30. cted vertices or the vertices of the selected polygons as an optimization variable The user will be orompted to define the Tuning Direction Low Bound and High Bound of the variable The Tuning Direction defines in which direction the vertices are changing Add Selected Objects to Associate the change of location of the selected vertices or vertices Variable of the selected polygons to a defined optimization variable The user will be prompted to define the Tuning Direction and the Tuning Rate The Tuning Direction defines in which direction the vertices will change with the variable The Tuning Rate defines how fast the vertices are changing with the variable The combination of the two commands provides much flexibility in defining optimization variables For example we can define variables to optimize symmetrical structures or circular structures 18 eApplications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Basic Techniques in Geometry Modeling An edge fed rectangular patch antenna with dimensions of 600x480 mils substrate thickness T 10 mils er 2 2 tans 0 001 Top View 19 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 1 File gt New to bring out the Basic Parameters dialog Change Length Unit to mil Layout Grid Size to 10 Meshing
31. d geo Simulate it and compare the results e Infinite Infinite ground case in edge_fed_rpatch1 geo e Unmatched Finite ground with unmatched meshing in edge _ fed rpatch1 fg vlocalized_diff geo e Matched Finite ground with matched meshing in edge _fed_rpatch1_fg_vlocalized_diff_aligned geo Meshing alignment between close layers is critical for high accuracy results Manual alignment is needed for current version Automatic meshing alignment will be available on the next IE3D to be released before the end of 2004 e Infinite dB S 1 1 e Unmatched dB S 1 1 e l Matched dB S 1 1 Note This is a narrow band antenna Meshing mis alignment yield some slight shift in the resonant frequency However the slight shift in resonant frequency may be quite critical dB Frequency shift due to meshing mis alignment for the two close layers Frequency shift due to difference in finite and infinite ground 35 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 1 Identify what we want to do the goals e We want the resonant frequency to be at 8 GHz e We want the antenna to be perfectly matched at resonance Identify how we can do it what can be changed e Change the resonant length to shift the resonant frequency e Change the feed point to achieve perfect match dB S 1 1
32. e jo i 41 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 7 Strategy in Defining the Optimization Goals Try to avoid invalid goals MAG S 1 1 0 and ANG S 1 1 90 are invalid goals because ANG S 1 1 does not have any meaning when MAG S 1 1 0 Try to avoid multiple local minimums discussed later Try to use MONOONIG error functions Error functions are generated nantamatiaalh intarnalh Hawever you arror Re S 1 1 dB S 1 1 Im S 1 1 0 a 40 dB amp GHz 8 GHz The changes of the The changes of the error error functions are functions are not monotonic monotonic and it is very and it is less good good 42 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 8 Optimization Schemes e Powell Optimizer is very efficient for local optimization with single local minimum It may be locked to one local minimum not the best when multiple local minimums happen e Genetic Optimizer is very robust for global optimization with multiple local minimums However it may converge slow when it is getting close to the goal e Adaptive Optimizer is even more efficient than Powell Optimizer for local optimization and much more efficient than Genetic Optimizer for global optimization and i
33. e available before the end of 2004 49 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 1 Lumped elements are used to excite or tune an antenna Assume we want to build a probe fed antenna with 2 turning elements based upon edge_fed_rpatch1_extension_diff geo It is a finite ground plane structure e Each turning element can be a number of circuit elements e Inthe layout editor we should use ports to replace them first R3 Port 1 0 0 Patch Finite ground 50 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 2 Create the 3 port model e Open file edge fed_rpatch1_fg_extension_diff geo e Select Edit gt Select Vertices Make sure selection focus on both layers Z 0 and Z 10 e Window the vertices for the feed line and the ports e Select Edit gt Delete to delete the vertices The ports are also deleted Layer window with 2 2 0 000000 layer checked 1 jo o00000 OUA 20 Polygon Window the vertices for the feed line and the orts 51 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Feed line and ports removed after vertices deleted Before deleting the vertices Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 3
34. e in Customer s possession including all copies and documentation and certify in writing to Mentor Graphics within ten business days of the termination date that Customer no longer possesses any of the affected Products or copies of Software in any form EXPORT The Products provided hereunder are subject to regulation by local laws and United States government agencies which prohibit export or diversion of certain products and information about the products to certain countries and certain persons Customer agrees that it will not export Products in any manner without first obtaming all necessary approval from appropriate local and United States govemment agencies US GOVERNMENT LICENSE RIGHTS Software was developed entirely at private expense All Software is commercial computer software within the meaning of the applicable acquisition regulations Accordingly pursuant to US FAR 48 CFR 12 212 and DFAR 48 CFR 227 7202 use duplication and disclosure of the Software by or for the U S Govemment or a U S Government subcontractor is subject solely to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement except for provisions which are contrary to applicable mandatory federal laws THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY Mentor Graphics Corporation Mentor Graphics Ireland Limited Microsoft Corporation and other licensors may be third party beneficiaries ofthis Agreement with the right to enforce the obligations set forth heren REVIEW OF LICENSE USAGE Custo
35. ect OK to add it into the queue e Select the Display button in the Display Queue Files dialog MODUA to go directly into the View gt Display Queue Items dialog Select each file in the list and check the items you want to display Remember to check the Display Queue check box to enable the display of the queue items The check box is a fast way to toggle between display and no display Select OK and you will see the display of the s parameters The Display Queue check box AE rep T Finite Ext dB S 1 1 Finite Localized dB S 1 1 Display Items in Queue Xj Total Files 2 Total ltems 2 W Display Queue 1 items in C Medd_manuahedge_fed _rpatchl_fg_estension_ditt sp ID Finite Ext tems in C ieSc_manualyedge_fed__ patch _fg_vlocalized_ditt sp ID Finite Localized Delete All Queue Files Cancel The View gt Display Queue Items dialog The compared s parameters 32 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Division and Meshing Alignment for High Accuracy 1 Normally division and meshing alignment is not necessary As long as AEC is used we should get good results When two layers are too close division and meshing alignment will improve the accuracy Meshing alignment is certainly necessary for MIM capacitors For our particular finite ground plane example due to the fact the patch is quite close to the finite ground me
36. ers on IE3D We can model arbitrarily shaped structures Two polygons are considered to be electrically connected only when they have one or more common edges Overlapped polygons are not considered connected and they may not be accepted in current simulator Future edition will automatically merge overlapped polygons Polygons a b c d and Polygons a b c d and Polygons a b c d and 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 are not connected 1 2 3 4 5 6 are connected are not connected even they because of no common because of common edge b c are overlapped edge or 5 6 2 a 4 3 red dot denotes common edge 7 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Basic Concepts in Building Models 4 When finite substrate is modeled we need to define the finite substrate using polygons The finite substrate represented as polygons will be meshed and they will contribute to the increase in number of unknowns Meshing alignment between metallic polygons and finite substrate polygons are extremely critical for high accuracy results in modeling finite substrates Automatic meshing alignment will be available before the end of 2004 3D dielectric modeling includes the finite substrate effects However it needs to enforce the boundary conditions on substrate interfaces It may cause less accuracy in some other parameters due to the extra enforcement
37. finite ground ka 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Patch Antenna with Finite Ground Incorrect Finite Ground Model without Differential Port Only port 1 and no port 1 Rectangle connected to feed line and the finite ground defined as v localized port e Correct Finite Ground Model with Differential Port for port 1 on Z Inserted vertices on z 0 for port 04 Differential extension port structure Vertical localized port structure edge_fed_rpatch1 fg extension_diff geo edge_fed_rpatch1 fg vlocalized_diff geo 31 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Comparison of Simulation Results We want to compare the s parameters of the 3 antennas 1 Infinite ground edge_fed_rpatch1 sp 2 Finite ground using extension port edge_fed_rpatch1 fg extension_diff sp 3 Finite ground using vertical localized port edge_fed_rpatch1_fg_vlocalized_diff sp e Select File gt Display Parameter Module on MODUA Select edge_fed_rpatch1 sp to display it e Select View gt Design Identification and enter Infinite to identify the curves e Select File gt Parameter File Queue Select Add Select edge fed _rpatch1 fg extension _diff sp Enter Finite Ext to identify it Select OK and it is added into the queue Select Add again Select edge fed _rpatch1 fg viocalized_diff sp Enter Finite Localized to identify it Sel
38. g 2D Pattern Display 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved dBi An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 10 Pattern Visualization Processing and Comparison on PATTERNVIEW Pattern data in ASCII format can be saved in File gt Save Data File List the major pattern properties Edit gt Pattern Properties Patterns from different geometry files can be merged in Edit gt Merge Patterns Calculating patterns from near field Edit gt Near Field to Far Field Transformation Find TxRx Transfer function from the patterns of Tx antenna and Rx antenna with plane wave excitation Edit gt Find TxRx Transfer Function The transfer function as 2 port s parameters can be used to perform time transient analysis using MDSPICE Find the field distribution in far field zone based upon the radiation pattern Edit gt Pattern Manipulation and Wave Propagation Find the radiation pattern of an array from the patterns of the elements Edit gt Array Pattern Calculation Display antenna properties gain directivity efficiency vs frequency using the different items in the Displav menu Total Field Gain vs Frequency Efficiency Vs Frequency Maximum Total Field Gain o Antenna Efficiency e l Radiating Efficiency oo og co t o Co oo Percentage dBi 785 79 795 6 6 05 6 1 6 15 62 6 25 33 78 785 79 7 95 fs 605 6 1 615 62 825 83 Frequency GHz Frequency GHz 29 Applicati
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40. igh bound scheme 1 Variable 1 v1 and v2 change in direction at 90 to control the patch size Variable 2 v3 v6 change in direction at 90 to control the teed location Such a scheme is straight forward but may easily create invalid geometry when the y coordinate of v2 is larger than that of v4 Scheme 2 Variable 1 v1 and v2 change in direction at 90 to control the patch size Variable 2 v1 v6 change in direction at 90 to control both the feed location and patch size simultaneously We can easily define the bounds to guarantee that the y of v2 will not be larger than that of v4 This is a better scheme 74 D 38 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 4 Defining v1 and v2 as variable 1 e Open edge _fed_rpatch1 geo Select Edit gt Select Vertices Window v1 and v2 e Select Optim gt Variable for Selected Objects Enter Tuning Angle 90 Select OK MGRID will be waiting for you to define the Low Bound and High Bound e Move the mouse downward and click Enter the Low Bound as 40 e Move the mouse upward and click Enter the High Bound as 70 Be very careful not to let the Y of v2 to be above that of v4 when you define the High Bound Select OK to finish the definition MGRID will warn you not to change the geometry anymore e Defining v1 v6 as variable 2 Select Edit
41. lanar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Defining Ports 1 Define Port Mode Easy for defining an edge on a 2D polygon as a port by aikaa tt te es asa ee te ee ee lt Port for Edge Group Easy for defining a group of edges on 2D or 3D polygons as a port If it is for 3D polygons at least one edge needs to be from a 2D polygon for detection purpose Make sure layers checked where edge vertices are on Defined port Windowing with multi edge groups edges for a po Peete CEEEELEEEEEEEEEEECEEN 3 15 000000 2 6 339746 1 p o00000 OJA ip Polygon Tube like structure on 2D view Tube like structure in 3D view Layer window 16 eApplications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Defining Ports 2 Selected Polygons for Horizontal Localized Port rose edges for connections A group of connected rectangles selected and define as a H localized port Selected Polygons for Vertical Localized Port Positive Level Connected rectangles defin for the port Negative Level Windowing the vertical rectangles on the top view 17 eApplications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Major Editing Modes 3 Defining Optimization Variable Command Function Variable for Selected Objects Define the location of the sele
42. lated and PATTERNVIEW is invoked to display the pattern Perform Mixed EM Simulation and Circuit Simulation Directly On the MODUA with the connections select the s parameter module Go to Module Properties and replace it with a geometry module probe_fed_rpatch3a geo Save the design as file probe _fed_rpatch3_for_1b geo Select Process gt Simulate Remember to check Radiation Pattern File Select OK and IE3D engine is invoked to perform co simulation PATTERNVIW is invoked to display the pattern You will see some pattern parameters are the same while same others are different Basically the two ways yield identical pattern Some parameters are different just because the definitions are different for the two cases One case is considered as 3 port and the other is considered as 1 port f 8 GHz Using ECT File Co Simulation Incident Power 0 0485137 W 0 01 W Input Power 0 00613088 W 0 008885 W Geometry _ _ Radiated Power 0 00484491 W 0 00484491 W arar ae Rad Efficiency 79 0247 54 529 parameter Ant Efficiency 9 98668 48 4491 module Gain 2 16777 dBi 4 69088 dBi Directivity 7 83802 dBi 7 83802 dBi 57 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 9 Differences in Pattern Calculation Between the Way Using ECT File and Mixed EM and Circuit Simulation on MODUA MODUA setup for Simulate and
43. later after we are displaying current distribution e Select OK and IE3D engine is invoked to perform the simulation After simulation the current data is saved in edge_fed_rpatch2 cur file Another MGRID is invoked to display the meshed structure in the cur file If you check Radiation Pattern File in the Simulation Setup dialog the pattern will also be calculated and saved in edge_fed_rpatch2 pat file PATTERNVIEW will be invoked for displaying the pattern e While MGRID is displaying the meshed structure from edge_fed_rpatch2 cur file you can select Process gt Display Current Distribution command with proper settings to display average current and vector current and animation Vector current distribution with properly adjusted Vector Size 80 anc Vector Half Size 40 in View gt Set Graph Parameters of the 3D View window Average current distribution with color for the average strength of the current Notes Vector Half Size 40 means that doubling the vector size means 40 dB increase in the magnitude in the strength It is introduced for easy scaling of the vectors 26 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 8 Pattern Calculation and Near Field Calculation in Current Display Mode While the current is displayed you can select Process gt Pattern Calculation for pattern calculation MGRID will prompt you
44. le for the parameters 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 2 Build the rectangular patch e Make sure it is in Draw mode Make sure it is focused at Z 10 or the No 2 layer e Click at or Input gt Key In Absolute Location X 0 and Y 0 for V1 Type Shift R and enter dX 600 and dY 0 for V2 Type Shift R and enter dX 0 and dY 480 for V3 Type Shift F to form the rectangle All the commands used here are in Input menu ee C EE w LL File Edit Param Input Adv Edit Entity Port Optim View Process Help Status window D co he amp ACA Se eee te ee I ee ee ILS showing the status 7 6 9 co Gp Lobia oa Din oO 1 Bo oo f O A P0 Polygon This is the polygon layer window Polygon layers are a A Select Draw mode of the editor Please pay y 490 7 z 30 T attention to It dx 330 Y dy 10 E dz 0 dRho 330 1514504 Input focused phi 178 2642954 dazan S on Z 10 layer theta 90 g different from the a substrate layers V1 ATF List All Layers T You can have _ oe ff 8 2 ef a O waaa polygon layers For Help pressFi DT mbedded into Toggle between listing all polygon layers and listing those layers with substrate layers polygons on them You may have polygon layers with vertices on them only Insert a new polygon layer here 21 Applications of IE3D i
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47. mum Directivity or Directivity at Specific Angles Axial Ratio RCS Efficiency etc You can enter simple formula such as Objective1 lt S 2 1 S 8 1 lt Objective2 For optimization of pattern parameters you need to enable Radiation Pattern Calculation first When you check it it will prompt you for the pattern calculation angles excitations and terminations of the ports 40 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 6 Electromagnetic Optimizations e Select Process gt Optimize e Enter one frequency point at 8 GHz because we want to optimize it at 8 GHz only Disable Adaptive Intelli Fit no enough frequency points e Select Add button in Optimization Definition Define the Optimization Goal as shown Re S 1 1 0 at 8 GHz Select Add button again Define the Optimization Goal as Im S 1 1 0 at 8 GHz Basically we want S 1 1 0 perfect match at 8 GHz Other options can be Re Z 1 1 50 and Im Z 1 1 0 at 8 GHz good dB S 1 1 lt 40 dB at GHz less good Optimization Goal x Frequency Hange Start Frequency B O0 g End Frequency 8 O g a Cancel Uptimization Objectives Parameter Type Tet Parameter Operator 2nd Parameter fi f By Itself fi f Quantity ay Objective Type Objective 1 Objective 2 Wi eight Optimization Quantity Objectiv
48. n Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 3 Build the feed line There are many ways The simplest one is demonstrated here e Edit gt Select Vertices Window V2 and V3 as shown e Adv Edit gt Continue Straight Path and enter Length 200 and Width 30 for the feed line Untitled MGrid 10 2 File Edit Param Input AdvEdit Entity Port Optim View Process Help Coco ed S PNP NR Sb KT BSS NUON CaS i O ME oa fl Pes OM gaa Ale m 4 i x 870 y 220 z al dx 570 dy 270 dz dAho 897 3850901 phi 14 7591709655 dr 897 3850901 pha J Ot aa 2 m O 1 Soo O amp 2D Polygon Step 2 Select Adv Edit gt Continue OOS wogeo eI EF an ae Straight Path for tae the 200 mils long Draming Me mil 62926 ROCOPYPEN WNoPlaneWavedefmead z line v1 Step 1 Window V2 and V3 in Select Vertices mode 22 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved An Edge Fed Rectangular Patch Antenna 4 Modify the feed line with offset and define the port on the feed line Step 2 Move vertices with dY 130 mils for the offset Edit gt Select Vertices and window the vertices for the feed line Edit gt Move Objects click at some where and enter dY 130 mils for the offset Port gt Port for Edge Group Choose the Advanced
49. nar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Major Editing Modes 1 Select Polygon Select Polygon Group Polygon Handling Draw P mi Select Vertices Mode Command Function Draw Edit gt Draw Allow drawing vertices and polygons using mouse and keyboard Select Polygon Edit gt Select Polygon Allow selecting a polygon by clicking at it Select Polygon Group Edit gt Select Polygon Allow selecting a group of polygons by Group windowing them Select Vertices Edit gt Select Vertices Allow selecting a group of vertices by windowing them No Entry When above commands Allow no mouse entry unchecked The 3 selection modes are interchangeable When it is changed from Select Polygon mode or Select Polygon Group mode to Select Vertices mode all the vertices of the selected polygons are selected When it is changed from Select Vertices mode to Select Polygon mode or Select Polygon Group mode those polygons with ALL vertices selected are selected after mode change If a polygon or vertex is selected twice it becomes de selected 13 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Mode Define Port Port for Edge Group Define a Horizontal Localized Port in Select Polygon Group mode Define a Vertical Localized Port in Select Polygon Group mode Define an Extension Port in Select Vertices mode Major Editing Modes 2
50. nd optimization Display comparison and handling of radiation patterns Current and near field animation program The 2 layout editor with parameterized library objects for easy construction simulation amp optimization An optional S parameter based time transient SPICE simulator for waveform analysis Wide band RLC extractor from s parameters An optional filter synthesis module for IE3Dlibrary Synthesize a pre defined filter based upon specs using analytical formula The result is geometry ready for IESD An optional spiral inductor and transformer synthesis module for IESDlibrary Synthesize a pre defined spiral based upon specs using the IE3D engine Optional IESD lt GDSII DXF ACIS GERBER converter Integrated into MGRID 10 2 An optional simple transmission line calculator Basic edition free Network based distributed IE3D simulation and optimization service allowing multi frequency simulation or optimization to be distributed into the whole network 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Layout Editor Configuration Status window for the current editing mode filt1 geo 1 MGrid 10 2 i 0 x File Edit Param Input Adw Edit Entity Port Optim View Process Help Dae SP ells RRS See xX Tt BSE BS Wer SEA CBRN 4S E E e A OM MAagh gt tt iol x VIEW x JA meet Mia ai Ay Bw e pi z5 dx 40 dy 20 dz r dRho 44 72135955 phi 26 56505118 dr 93 06625863 theta 147 426
51. ng is extremely capable and we can not demonstrate all of them in this course note Interested users should try to explore it from the user s manual and using the software 59 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved End User License Agreement The latest version of the End User License Agreement is available on line at www mentor com eula IMPORTANT INFORMATION USE OF ALL SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO LICENSE RESTRICTIONS CAREFULLY READ THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT BEFORE USING THE PRODUCTS USE OF SOFTWARE INDICATES CUSTOMER S COMPLETE AND UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT ANY ADDITIONAL OR DIFFERENT PURCHASE ORDER TERMS AND CONDITIONS SHALL NOT APPLY 1 1 1 2 1 3 END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT Agreement This is a legal agreement concerning the use of Software as defined in Section GRANT OF LICENSE and hardware collectively Products between the company acquiring the Products Customer and the Mentor Graphics entity that issued the corresponding quotation or if no quotation was issued the applicable local Mentor Graphics entity Mentor Graphics Except for license agreements related to the subject matter of this license agreement which are physically signed by Customer and an authorized representative of Mentor Graphics this Agreement and the applicable quotation contain the partie
52. ons of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Infinite Ground and Finite Ground Substrate Layers Conductor Assumption Limit f OO Mas OK 500 Substrate Display Margin ja 2 Default Transparency Ho 2 D top 3 93 01e 016 T 3 93701e 016 Eps TanD E 0 Mur 1 TanD MJ 0 Sigma 0 0 Ell Fadel No 1 D top 10 T 10 Epsr2 2 TanD E 0 001 Muri TanD M 0 Sigma 0 0 Erm Fd 0 Cmt No 0 G top 0 Eps TanDIE 0 Hurl TanDiM 0 sigma 4 Je 007 0 E0 Fd 0 Cmt Infinite ground at z 0 because of the high conductivity Substrate Layers Conductor Assumption Limit f OOO Max DR 500 Substrate Display Margin ja 2 Default Transparency No 2 D top 3 93 01e 016 T 3 93701e 016 Epsr 1 TanD E 0 Muri TanD M 0 Sigma U 0 Eri Fade No 1 D top 10 T 10 9 Epst 2 2 TanD E 0 001 Mur TanO MJ 0 Sigma 0 0 Ere Fd 0 Cmt No 0 D top 0 Epsr 1 TanD E 0 Mur 1 TT anD MJ 0 Sigma 0 0 Erm Fd 0 Cmt No infinite ground at z 0 because it is air from lt x to 0 Layer window indicating Z 0 with infinite ground Any polygons on Z 0 become slots on the ground Layer window indicating Z 0 without infinite ground Oi d z mE mE O1 L LU OO0000 2b Polygon Horizontal dash line means infinite ground on layer 30 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas Ol z 4 Bi LI 0 000000 O 2p Polygon No dash line because Z 0 is not an in
53. ormation on the final port and all the terminals of the elements S parameters C s and R s Basically we need to define the excitations on the geometry in order to visualize the current distribution and calculate radiation pattern with the lumped elements connected e Select File gt Save Excitation to save the data into probe fed_rpatch3_for_1a ect file The file will be used to define the excitation on MGRID for the current distribution and radiation pattern 56 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 8 Current Distribution and Radiation Pattern with Lumped Elements On the MGRID displaying the meshed structure select Process gt Display Current Distribution Select Freq 8 GHz Select the Feed Network button and select the ECT file probe_fed_rpatch3_for_1a ect Select OK MGRID will be displaying the current distribution on the antenna with the lumped elements connected Select Process gt Pattern Calculation Select OK to start the pattern calculation After the calculation you can save the General Pattern You can also select Define Excitation for the pattern with specified excitations MGRID will prompt you for the excitation Please make sure file probe_fed_rpatch3_for_1a ect file is attached as the Feed Network Select OK The radiation pattern for the patch antenna with lumped elements connected is calcu
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57. rip antennas and slot antennas Wire antennas such as various types of dipole monopole helix and quadrifilar antennas Small antennas such as iInverted F antennas and its derivations Dielectric resonator antennas RFID antennas Optical frequency antennas Many other types of antennas gt 3 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Contents Basic concepts in building models Layout editor and editing modes Basic techniques in geometry modeling S parameter impedance display and post processing Pattern handling and post processing Electromagnetic optimization and tuning Advanced techniques in geometry modeling simulation and optimization Accuracy and efficiency improvements gt 4 eApplications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Basic Concepts in Building Models 1 For structures in layered environments the boundary conditions on substrate surfaces are guaranteed by the Green s functions Normally we do not need to define substrates as objects The boundary conditions on the surfaces of the metallic structure are enforced numerically We need to build the metallic surfaces as objects In our cases the objects are polygons We need to describe the shape of a metallic body as a set of polygons in certain ways so tha
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59. s with Lumped Elements 4 Two Ways to Simulate the Antenna with Lumped Elements e Simulate the geometry first and connect the lumped elements on MODUA for the final results Pros This way make the most flexibility because you can change the lumped elements values or even the configuration anytime later without re simulating the geometry Cons You can not do mixed EM and circuit optimization When pattern calculation is involved all the 3 ports are considered as the input You can not consider port 1 as the final input e Connect the geometry and the lumped elements on MODUA and perform mixed EM and circuit simulation and optimization simultaneously Pros You can do mixed EM and circuit optimization The Gain and efficiency are calculated based upon port 1 as the only input Cons You need to perform the EM simulation again when you change the values of the lumped elements e Both ways yield the same results except the Gain and Efficiency due to difference in definition Both ways have their own advantage and they should be used together to achieve the best results with the most flexibility 53 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Modeling of Antennas with Lumped Elements 5 Simulate the geometry e Simulate the geometry from 7 5 to 8 5 GHz for 101 frequency points Select Control gt Define Display Graph on MODUA and displ
60. shing alignment will improve the simulation accuracy Meshing on the finite ground Meshing on the patch Note The meshing does not match between the two closely coupled layers Aligned meshing may improve accuracy 33 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Division and Meshing Alignment for High Accuracy 2 Open edge_fed_rpatch1_ fg vliocalized_diff geo Select Edit gt Select Polygon Group Focus the selection to Z 10 Window the polygons for the patch and feed line to select them Select Adv Edit gt Build Holes and Vias from Selected Polygons Enter the parameters as shown Select OK and MGRID will create matched division lines between the polygons on the two layers Matched division lines normally can yield matched meshing Matched division lines We want to match the shape of the patch and the feed line on the finite ground The options i T We just want to match the division lines jia affect w Use Circumectibed Rectangle and we do not want a hole on it t e Rectangle Angle je division We still want to keep the polygons for the patch lines for and the feed line after the process 34 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Division and Meshing Alignment for High Accuracy 3 Save the geometry as edge _ fed _rpatch1 fg viocalized_diff_aligne
61. t is also very robust e Typical single local minimum examples 1 An antenna perfect match at a specific frequency 2 A coupler with specified coupling at a single frequency e Typical multiple local minimum examples 1 A filter with specified pass band and stop band performance in a frequency range 2 A wide band antenna with specified return loss in a frequency range Single local minimum _ Multiple local minimums 43 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Electromagnetic Optimization and Tuning 9 Using the Ultra Fast Adaptive Optimizer e Adaptive Optimizer combines the multiple technologies to achieve the goal using the fewest EM simulations It is very robust and efficient Comparison between different schemes for the particular structure e Although it is a problem for perfect match at a single frequency of 8 GHz this particular example may have multiple local minimums due to the fact there are 2 close resonant frequencies around 8 GHz e The default convergence residual is 0 01 and it is an arbitrarily chosen value Powell Optimizer indicates convergence at No 46 simulation with residual 0 184374 Genetic Optimizer does not converge at the last call No 565 Adaptive Optimizer indicates convergence at No 50 simulation with residual 0 0125524 e Adaptive Optimizer is clearly the best scheme Powell dB S 1 1
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63. t the structure can be simulated correctly Infinite ground plane can be modeled as a substrate layer and it costs nothing in numerical calculation __ side view Metallics Substrate grounc 5 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Basic Concepts in Building Models 2 Infinite ground planes are considered as the reference terminal for extension ports automatically A finite ground plane needs to be modeled as a group of polygons When there is no infinite ground plane we need to use differential ports A differential port is a port with a reference or terminal Extension ports need to come as pair as a differential port A horizontal or vertical localized port is a differential port by Itself because it does have and terminals single Ended Port for Differential extension port Horizontal Localized structure with an with and terminals for Port With and infinite ground structure without infinite terminals automatically ground E 6 Applications of IE3D in Designing Planar and 3D Antennas 2013 Mentor Graphics Corporation All rights reserved Basic Concepts in Building Models 3 A polygon no matter whether it is for a patch a trace or a finite ground will contribute to the number of unknowns in the solution Polygon vertices are double precision floating point numb
64. the Pattern Calculation Information dialog to define the Elevation Angles and the Azimuth Angles It is not time for you to define the excitation yet After you select OK it will perform a general pattern calculation After it finishes you can select Save General Pattern file mpa with the excitation undefined and to be defined at the display time You can select Define Excitation button and the Pattern Calculation Information dialog comes up again for you to define the excitation After you define the excitation and select OK MGRID will save the pattern data into the specified file edge_fed_rpatch2 pat and invoke PATTERNVIEW to display the pattern While the current is displayed you can also Process gt Near Field Calculation for near field calculation Near field calculation can be time consuming Please try to limit the number of divisions in the X Y and Z direction so that it will not take too much time You should only check those frequency points of interests for it Calculated near field can be visualized as colorful pictures in Process gt Display 3D Near Field Distribution or as Cartesian graphs in Process gt Display 2D Near Field Distribution probe_fed_rpatch2 at f 8 GHz Electric Field Along X e dB Ex Y 240 Z 3 33333 s J7 dB Ey Y 240 Z 3 33333 dB Ez Y 240 Z 3 33333 E Field dB E Field dB 3D Near Field Display 2D Near Field Display 27 Applications of
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