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SG-10C USER`S MANUAL

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1. a ajo France 0 ajejaje c 8 Swdn 3 3 Italy Spain_________ Js Je Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Table of Contents Setting Up Your Printer 1 Where shall we put it What have we here Removing the printer cover Removing packing and shipping screws Installing the platen knob Removing the tractor unit Attaching the paper separator and paper guide Installing the ink ribbon Getting to Know Your Printer 9 Components and Controls Paper Selection and Loading Loading single sheets Loading sprocket feed paper Adjusting the Gap Self Test Getting Started With Your Printer 21 First some terminology Using this book without learning BASIC Controlling Printer With BASIC 25 Some basics about BASIC The OPEN command The CMD command The PRINT command Establishing communications The CHRS function Control codes Printing Text With Printer 29 Some special kinds of text Near Letter Quality characters Italic characters Emphasized printing Changing the print pitch Printing with control codes Expanded print Reverse field print AAN IO AMAR nen o Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Line Spacing and Forms Control 33 Starting new lines Changmg line spaci
2. Bad format The data that was sent to secondary address 2 either contains illegal formatting characters or unrecognizable syntax T Terminator error The secondary address changed before a terminator was detected terminator 15 defined as a carriage return CHR 13 a line feed CHR 10 or a carriage return line feed se 50 quence Communication with the current second ary address must be terminated with a terminator before attempting to talk to another secondary address Quotation marks In order to print quotation marks around particular charac ters use the character code CHR 34 When incorporating quotation marks in your program for print statement purposes use them logically and effectively do not place any together un less the program design specifically requires it 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 CHR 34 ABCD CHR 34 30 GOSUB 110 40 PRINT 4 CHR 34 PRINTERCHR 34 50 GOSUB 110 60 PRINT 4 CHR 34 CHR 34 70 GOSUB 110 80 FOR I 1 TO 8 PRINT 4 NEXT I 90 CLOSE 4 100 END 110 FOR J 1 TO 2 120 PRINT 4 NEXT J 130 RETURN When you run this program you will get like this n ARECD PRINTERCHRS 24 Line 20 forms the print routine for ABCD Line 40 will print PRINTERCHR 34 because both PRINTER and CHR 34 are enclosed within their own quotes Line 60 will print 0 because the word EFGH is taken as a numeric variable since i
3. D di I Eyelet Changeover lever Ribbon Figure 1 7 You ll find this diagram of the ribbon path inside your printer for easy reference when you change ribbons After looking carefully at the Figure 1 7 begin by turning the power off and removing the printer cover Then slide the print head gently to the center of the printer Next set one of the ribbon spools on a ribbon spool post being careful to have it wind unwind exactly as shown in the figures The spool should fit so that the drive pins engage the spool Changeover lever Eyelet Ribbon spool Figure 1 8 The eyelet should be between the ribbon spool and the changeover lever Next you start threading the ribbon The only tricky part is around the print head so pay particular attention to Figure 1 9 The ribbon should fit in the slot between the print head and the ribbon guide Use a ballpoint pen to work the ribbon down between the print head and the nbbon guide The other thing to watch is the position of the eyelet near the end of the ribbon This works exactly like a typewriter ribbon eyelet it can t get by the slotted guide which causes the ribbon to automatically reverse its direction Ribbon guide Ribbon Print head Figure 1 9 You may want to use a ballpoint pen to press the ribbon guide toward the platen and work the ribbon down beside it Finally set the other spool snugly on the opposite sp
4. PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCH hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCH hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE Set the printer to reverse field print lt DC2 gt 18 12 This command causes all subsequent print ing to be in reverse field printing mode This mode prints the white letters on black back ground NOTE Do not use this mode of printing for more than five consecutive lines since ex tended printing in this mode will damage the print head Chapter 5 Cancels reverse field mode lt DC2 gt 146 92 This command resets the print mode to whatever it was before being set to reverse field print Chapter 5 100 COMMANDS TO CONTROL VERTICAL POSITION OF PRINT HEAD These commands are used to move the paper relative to the location of the print head By moving the paper up the print head in effect moves down the page PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCIT REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCH hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE Advance the paper one line Line Feed lt LF gt 10 0A The actual distance advanced by the line feed is set through various codes which can be sent by the secondary address assignment of 6 see Appendix E Chapter 6 Advance the paper to top of the next page Form Feed lt FF gt 12 0C The actual length of a page by a form feed is set either by the setting of DIP switch 1 1 or thr
5. Any time this printer receives this code it will sound the bell for a quarter of a second This can be used to remind an operator to change the paper or to make an other adjustment to the printer 48 Initializing the printer Up to now when we wanted to reset the printer to the power on condition we have had to turn the printer off and then on again There is an easier way The secondary address assignment of 10 will reset all of the printer s features to the power on con dition Graphic mode and business mode Up until now we have used the upper case characters in our program samples But you can use the lower case characters as shown in the self test function Try this short program to see how it works 10 OPEN 7 4 7 20 PRINT 7 ABC PRINTER 30 CLOSE 7 When you run this program you can get like this The secondary address assignment of 7 in this program con verts all of the graphic mode characters into the business mode characters This is useful when you want to convert all characters into business characters But sometimes you may want to print the graphic characters and the business characters in a line And you can do this with this printer Try this program 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 CHR 145 A CHR 17 30 PRINT 4 CHR 145 CHR 17 RINTER 40 CLOSE 4 You will get the following printout when you run this pro gram Abc Frinter 49 In this program CHR 145 is used to
6. CLEANING YOUR PRINTER The second rule for long life is periodic cleaning Both inside and outside of the case and covers respond gratefully to periodic cleaning with a damp rag and alcohol Do this whenever the case appears to be getting dirty always being careful to avoid dripping alcohol on the printer mechanism To remove dust and paper lint from inside the printer areas it s best to use a soft brush but be very very careful not to bend or injure any electronic parts or wiring as they are vulner able to a heavy handed touch Besides the periodic cleanings the only other maintenance you ll likely encounter will be replacing a blown fuse or replace ment of the print head after a long period of use REPLACING A FUSE How can you tell when you ve blown a fuse Well when the printer won t operate and the power lamp on the control panel isn t lit even though you re sure that the power switch in on and the printer is plugged in it s likely a blown fuse To check the fuse you start by turning the power switch off and unplugging the power cord 70 Warning There is an extreme shock hazard inside the printer To avoid serious injury it is important the power cord is discon nected Next remove the upper case by pulling off the platen knob Caution Don t twist or turn the platen knob pull it straight off Then remove the fastening screws along the back side Lift the back edge of the cover and at the same time p
7. CODE Control code mnemonic decimal ASCII ASCII decimal equivalent hex ASCII Hexadecimal equivalent REMARKS Details how the command is used REFERENCE Tells which chapter of the manual describes the command in greater detail There are several commands that require that you specify a value or values to this printer In these cases we have used an italic n or m to indicate a variable You should insert the ASCII code for proper value here COMMANDS TO CONTROL PRINT STYLE These commands are used to control the font style and spe cial effects PURPOSE Select the graphic character mode CODE lt DC1 gt decimal ASCII 145 hex 91 REMARKS This command selects the graphic character mode REFRENCE Chapter 8 98 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE Select the business character mode lt DCl1 gt 17 11 This command selects the business character mode Chapter 8 Set the printer to expanded print SO 14 OE This command causes all subsequent print ing except NLQ characters to be in ex panded type Chapter 5 Cancels expanded print SI 15 0 This command resets the print size to what ever it was before being set to expanded print Chapter 5 99
8. If necessary experiment you ll soon find the best position for the paper you re using SELF TEST The self test is a trial run of your beautiful new machine This printer carries a built in program that prints out sample lines of letters numbers and other characters show you that everthing s in good working order It also serves as a display of the characters available in the printer And finally 125 a warm up that permits you to check your installation of ribbon and paper and the adjustment of the print head gap Best of all you don t have to wait another minute you can print the self test without hooking up the printer to your com puter It s as simple as 1 2 3 1 Plug the printer s power cord into an electrical outlet 2 Insert a sheet of paper or sprocket paper either one 19 3 While holding down the PF button turn the power switch on Were you surprised It s speedy isn t it 120 characters a sec ond to be exact when printing normal pica type U NSURC 0122156789 155 gt PBABCDEFGHIJFL MNOF RSTUYWXYZLEITF A TI K VENT Wel 0 1 JE A t0 5L 4 Bas ET a AH Peak POMELO ST ARCREFGHTIKLMNEPGEZTUUNNVZLETN 8 5 amp 0 2 018345B87B8 lt gt PRABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZL TT 0122456789 257 abcdefghi ikuimnoparstuvwxvzt 1T CABCDEF GHIJEL
9. your printer also prints all characters This makes it very easy to combine user defined character with regular text If this printer didn t have this feature mixing download and standard characters would be rather inconvenient every time you wanted to use a download character you would have to switch back and forth between character sets 62 MEMO CHAPTER 10 PRINTING WITH DOT GRAPHICS In Chapter 9 you were introduced to a form of computer graphics you were able to actually define characters dot by dot In this chapter you ll learn to use the same principles to make your printer print whole pages of dot graphics We ll show you how to use dot graphics to create super download characters In addition you ll see how your printer can be used as a graphic plotter This can have some practical business applications as well as create some terrific computer art COMPARING DOT GRAPHICS WITH DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS A good understanding of dot graphics requires an understand ing of how dot matrix printers work you may want to review the first few pages of Chapter 9 The principles for dot graphics are the same as those for download characters There are some differences in the way they are implemented however While download commands can be used to define a character eleven columns of dot wide dot graphics commands can be used to define a shape as narrow as one column of dots wide or as wide as 480 dots on this printe
10. 1 SETTING UP YOUR PRINTER In this chapter we ll show you how to unpack your new printer set it up in the right location and get it ready for you to load it with paper and start printing But first WHERE SHALL WE PUT Before you do anything else give some thought to where you ll be using your printer Obviously it will be somewhere near your computer And both printer and computer will lead longer healthier lives if they like their environment For instance we recommend e Placing the printer on a flat surface e Keeping it out of direct sunlight and away from heat producting appliances e Using it only in temperatures where you are comfortable e Avoiding areas with a lot of dust grease or humidity e Giving it clean electricity Don t connect it to the same circuit as large noise producing motors e Power supply voltage should be the same voltage that s specified on the identification plate not over 10 more or less than the recommended AC voltage Warning Extremely high or low voltage can damage your printer WHAT HAVE WE HERE E Now let s take a look at what s in the carton Take is slow and easy and check each item in the box against Figure 1 1 There should be exactly 8 items Figure 1 1 Inside the carton you should have received 1 printer 2 paper separator 3 paper guide 4 platen knob 5 spare fuse 6 ink ribbon 7 interface cable and 8 this user s manual Let s m
11. 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 13 REM CARRIAGE RETURN S amp 5 67 68 CREATING BAR CHARTS At the end of this chapter we ll show you a special function in the dot graphics mode You can create a bar chart using the repeat dot graphic func tion The command to the repeat dot graphic mode is shown be low CHRS 8 CHR 26 CHRS n CHRS d This codes sequence specifies the repaeted printing of dot graphic data n 15 a binary number 0 through 255 which specifies the desired number of the printed repetition followed by one byte dot graphic data to be printing repeatedly When 0 is specified for n it is ready as 256 In order to peat more than 256 times you need to use this code twice Try this program 10 OPEN 4 4 20 FOR I 1 TO 6 30 READ N 40 PRINT 4 CHR 8 CHR 26 CHR N CHR 242 50 PRINT 4 CHR 15 N 60 NEXT I 70 FOR J 1 TO 8 80 PRINT 4 90 NEXT J 100 CLOSE 4 110 DATA 34 57 75 89 120 183 When you run this program you will get like this CHAPTER 11 BASIC MAINTENANCE As almost any good mechanic will tell you dust and heat are prime enemies of any mechanism and this printer is no excep tion The best maintenance is preventive So to start with we hope you ve found a clean dust free location with a comfortable temperature range for both you and your computer printer sys tem Chapter 1 gives you further tips on locating your printer
12. 3 v 251 FB 1111 1011 a 83 Standard ASCH Codes Character mode Function Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Graphic Business 252 FC 1111 1100 a 253 FD 1111 1101 J J 254 FE 1111 1110 a 255 FF 111 1111 84 MEMO LLITTTITS APPENDIX CHARACTER STYLE CHARTS Graphics mode 86 88 89 7 1 22 23 8 2 6 0 90 e dE RED B D DR SU EE Ne D GER DD Mm Se GNE AIILIIT 92 AIIITITI i v e 00 oo e EN A wi A E oc 5 5 v Em MU ED x mm ud 94 95 E N N 2 2 N a 96 240 244 248 252 241 245 249 242 mE EN 246 250 243 247 APPENDIX D FUNCTION CODE REFERENCE The purpose of this Appendix is to provide a quick reference for the various functions available on this printer The de scriptions of the codes appear in the following format PURPOSE Tells what the function code does
13. makes it very hard to read especially if a line happens to fall on the perforation And if you separate the pages then you are really in trouble Of course your printer has a solution to this predicament Your printer can keep track of the position on the page and ad vance the paper so that you won t print too near the perfo ration Let s try a simple application to see how this works Enter this program which will print 150 lines without skip perforation 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 CHR 12 30 FOR I 1 TO 150 40 PRINT 4 THIS IS LINE I 50 NEXT I 60 PRINT 4 CHR 12 70 CLOSE 4 38 When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations When it s down to line 60 it sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of the next page Look at the lines that have been printed near the perfo rations Separate the sheets and see if any of the lines have been torn in half These are the problems that skip perforation will solve Now add the following lines to your program Don t forget the semicolons or you won t get quite the same results that we did 15 PRINT 4 CHR 147 55 PRINT 4 CHR 19 Now when you run the program it will skip the first three lines and the last three lines on each page Always send a form feed after setting the top margin or it will not work on the first page printed That s because the top margin only takes effect af ter a form feed Line 15
14. screws somewhere on the carton or packing Installing the platen knob This is the knob that turns the rubber platen cylinder It fits into the hole on the right side of the printer case Just match the odd shaped hole in the knob with the same shape on the shaft you ll see inside the hole in the case and press it on firmly Give the knob a few turns to see that it s turning the platen easily and smoothly Shipping screw Shipping screw Figure 1 3 The printer has two screws which secure the chassis during shipping They should be removed before use Figure 1 4 Remove the spiral tube on the carriage stay that protects the print head Removing the tractor unit The tractor unit shown in Figure 1 5 comes mounted on the printer during shipment It is used only with sprocket feed paper When other papers are used such a single sheets the unit should be removed in the following manner Remove the printer cover if attached Identify the snap levers as shown in Figure 1 5 Pull both snap levers forward and at the same time Rock the tractor unit up and towards you about half an inch Now lift the tractor up and away from the printer Tractor unit Snap lever Snap lever Figure 1 5 Remove the tractor by pulling the snap levers towards you and tilting the tractor unit back Up to this point we ve been clearing the decks for action so to speak Only two more thi
15. so far we haven t looked at how to position the printing on the page In this chapter we will learn how to e Change the vertical spacing e Change the length of the page e Creating table STARTING NEW LINES Up until now the only time we have thought about printing on a new line is when we didn t want it to happen We learned that putting a semicolon at the end of a BASIC line will not end the line of printing So somehow the computer is telling the printer when to end one line and start another There are two codes that are used to end one line and start another They are carriage return CHR 13 and line feed CHR 10 They have been given abbreviations which you ll find in many texts including this one lt CR gt and lt LF gt The codes are simple but their action is a little confusing Car riage return is the easiest Each time that the printer receives a CHR 13 it returns the print head to the left margin It does not advance the paper Line feed is more complicated Each time the printer receives CHR 10 it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin ready to start a new line Now to add a little confusion Commodore BASIC adds a line feed CHR 10 to every carriage return CHR 13 that they send If you want to overprint a line use CHR 141 in 34 stead of CHR 13 CHR 141 does not add a line feed CHR 10 CHANGING LINE SPACING When you t
16. stoppers nickel plated bars over which the hoooked or cut out bottom edge of the tractor frame fits Tractor unit Stopper 7 ag Clamp lever Figure 2 5 Replace the tractor unit by placing the hooks against the stoppers and lower the front into place while holding the snap levers 16 Now pick up the tractor unit While depressing the two snap levers guide 1t down to the two stoppers when the hooks slide over the stopper bars let go of the snap levers to lock it in place Next if you haven t already install the paper separator see Chapter 1 and we re ready to start loading Turn the power switch off and open the printer cover Pull the release lever on left side to position Raise the paper bail bar lift the paper separator upright Place the stack of fan fold paper behind the printer 7 Open the tractor covers atop the right and left sprocket units as shown in Figure 2 6 Bu Tractor cover Figure 2 6 Open the tractor covers to expose the sprocket teeth 6 Flip the clamp levers forward This allows the two sprocket units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper 7 Pick up the top sheet and feed it between the paper chute and platen cover plate 8 Push the paper down and forward so it wraps around the platen 9 Return the paper separator to its original flat position 10 Pull the paper up past the sprocket un
17. the printer is said to be unlistened Therefore if you have used the CMD command it is necessary to follow it with a PRINT command in order to unlisten the connection between the printer and the computer The syntax of the PRINT command is PRINT fn data The CLOSE command You should always close a file after printing to it with the fol lowing command CLOSE Ifn You may not exceed ten files so you should make a habit of closing files when you are finished with them This way you will always have the maximum number of files available for use Establishing communications We ve learned something about communicating with our printer Now we need to adapt what we know to printing in a BASIC program Generally computers use about the same pro cedure for printing in a program as they do to list a program Let s try what we learned Type the following NEW 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 TESTING 30 CLOSE 4 RUN You should have the word TESTING on your printer Quite an achievement isn t it Let s get done with this simple stuff so that we can go on to something interesting The CHRS function We mentioned CHR in Chapter 3 as one way to express ASCII codes We are going to use it a lot in communicating with this printer This printer uses many of the ASCII code that don t represent letters and numbers The CHR function gives us an easy way to send these codes to the printer Try this to se
18. 0 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 DATA 135 135 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 192 DATA 207 223 223 255 255 255 248 240 240 240 DATA 252 223 159 143 143 135 129 128 240 248 DATA 252 252 248 240 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 128 158 255 255 255 255 255 248 248 DATA 240 240 240 240 224 224 224 224 193 199 DATA 135 135 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 13 REM CARRIAGE RETURN REM ROW 3 DATA 128 248 248 192 129 129 131 131 131 131 DATA 131 135 135 135 135 143 255 255 255 255 DATA 255 254 128 128 128 128 252 254 255 255 DATA 255 255 131 129 129 129 129 131 135 143 DATA 191 255 255 255 254 252 248 224 224 248 DATA 255 191 159 135 129 128 128 192 224 224 DATA 224 192 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 248 248 192 129 129 131 131 131 131 DATA 131 135 135 135 135 143 255 255 255 255 DATA 255 254 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 13 REM CARRIAGE RETURN REM ROW 4 DATA 128 191 191 159 143 142 156 156 184 184 DATA 184 184 184 188 188 158 159 143 143 135 DATA 131 129 128 128 128 128 135 143 159 159 DATA 159 191 191 190 188 188 184 184 184 184 DATA 152 157 143 143 143 143 159 159 191 191 DATA 188 188 184 184 184 184 188 159 143 143 DATA 135 131 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 191 191 159 143 142 156 156 184 184 DATA 184 184 184 188 188 158 159 143 143 135 DATA 131 129 128 128
19. 00 5 05 0000 0101 6 06 0000 0110 7 07 0000 0111 BEL BEL Bell 8 08 0000 1000 BS BS Dot graphics on 9 09 0000 1001 10 0A 00001010 LF LF Line feed 11 0B 0000 1011 12 OC 0000 1100 FF FF Form feed 13 0D 0000 1101 CR CR Carriage return 14 OE 0000 1110 50 SO Expanded print on 15 0000 111 SI SI Expanded print off 16 10 0001 0000 DLE DLE Skip print position 17 11 0001 0001 DCI DCi Business characters on 18 12 00010010 DC2 DC2 Reverse field print on 19 13 0001 0011 DC3 DC3 Paging off 20 14 0001 0100 21 15 0001 0101 22 16 0001 0110 23 17 0001 0111 24 18 0001 1000 25 19 0001 1001 26 0001 1010 SUB SUB Repeat graphics 27 1B 0001 1011 ESC ESC Skip print position 28 0001 1100 29 ID 0001 1101 GS GS Skip space 30 IE 00011110 31 1 0001 1111 32 20 0010 0000 SP SP 78 Standard ASCII Codes Decimal 33 34 35 36 Hexadecimal Binary 0010 0001 0010 0010 0010 0011 0010 0100 0010 0101 0010 0110 0010 0111 0010 1000 0010 1001 0010 1010 0010 1011 0010 1100 0010 1101 0010 1110 0010 1111 0011 0000 0011 0001 0011 0010 0011 0011 0011 0100 0011 0101 0011 0110 0011 0111 21 22 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0100 0000 0100 0001 0100 0010 0100 0011 0100 0100 0100 0101 0100 0110 0100 0111 0100 1000 0100 1001 0100 1010 0100 1011 0100 1100 Character mode Graphic th 4 Busine
20. 101 J 4 190 BE 10111110 m 191 BF 1011 1111 a 192 CO 1100 0000 e 193 CI 1100 0001 194 C2 11000010 E 195 C3 11000011 196 C4 1100 0100 D 197 CS 11000101 s E 198 C6 11000110 199 C7 11000111 G 200 C8 1100 1000 H 201 C9 1100 1001 T 202 CA 1100 1010 x J 203 CB 1100 1011 2 204 11001100 L I 205 CD 1100 1101 206 11001110 207 CF 11001111 82 Standard ASCII Codes Character mode Function Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Graphic Business 208 DO 1101 0000 71 F 209 DI 1101 0001 210 2 1101 0010 2 211 D3 1101 0011 5 212 D4 1101 0100 T 213 D5 1101 0101 E U 214 D6 1101 0110 X V 215 D7 1101 0111 216 D8 1101 1000 x 217 D9 1101 1001 Y 218 DA 1101 1010 2 219 DB 1101 1011 220 DC 1101 1100 221 DD 1101 1101 222 DE 1101 1110 2 223 DF 1101 1111 x 224 EO 1110 0000 22t EI 1110 0001 2 226 E2 1110 0010 227 1110 0011 228 E4 1110 0100 EN x 229 ES 1110 0101 230 E6 1110 0110 231 E7 1110 0111 232 E8 1110 1000 T 233 E9 1110 1001 r 2 234 EA 1110 1010 l 235 EB 1110 1011 236 1110 1100 237 ED 1110 1101 L t 238 EE 1110 1110 239 EF 1110 1111 es 240 FO 1111 0000 E 241 FI 1111 0001 ET 242 F2 1111 0010 F 243 F3 1111 0011 4 4 244 F4 1111 0100 245 4 1111 0101 1 1 246 F6 1111 0110 1 I 247 F7 1111 0111 248 F8 1111 1000 249 F9 1111 1001 250 FA 1010
21. 6 holes Figure 3 1 Connecting the cable 22 M First some terminology This printer knows what to print because knows how to interpret the codes that the computer sends to it These codes are numbers that the computer sends to the printer Both the computer and printer know the meaning of these codes because they are a set of standard codes used by almost all microcom puters This set of codes is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange which 15 usually referred to as 5 pronounced ask key There are ASCII codes for all the letters of the alphabet both lower case and capital the numbers from 0 to 9 most punctuation marks and some but not a of the functions of the printer ASCII codes are referred to in several different ways depend ing on the way they are used Some times these codes are treated as regular numbers For example the letter A is represented by the number 65 in ASCII Appendix B shows all of the ASCII codes In BASIC ASCII codes are used in the CHR function This function is used to print the character that is represented by the number in the CHR function The BASIC statement PRINT CHR 65 will print an A on the terminal In some other programming languages ASCII codes are referred to by their hex value Hex is short for hexadecimal which 15 a base 16 number system our usual numbers are base 10 Since hex needs 16 digits it uses the numbers 0 through 9 an
22. ASCII QAH its hexadecimal value the H signifies hex 10 the way it s used BASIC control J the way you send it from a keyboard There s chart in Appendix that shows these side by side so that you can convert back and forth The reason that we are telling you all this about ASCII codes is that people are not very consistent about how they describe ASCII codes Using this book without learning BASIC Throughout the latter part of this book we will be teaching you how to use all of this printer s features using the BASIC programming language in our examples This is because it is easy to communicate with the printer from BASIC and because despite its shortcomings BASIC is the nearest thing to a universal language among users of personal computers But it s not the only way to communicate with the printer Even if you don t know BASIC you can learn how to use this printer s features by reading on When you find a function that you want to use just apply what you already know about translating from one name for codes to another The examples will still show you how the commands are used even if you are not useing BASIC 24 MEMO CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLING PRINTER WITH BASIC Throughout the rest of this book will be teaching you how to use the features of this printer using the BASIC programming language in our examples It is easy to communicate with this printer from BASIC and though it has its detr
23. H In printer talk character width is called pitch Normally this printer prints 10 characters per inch This is called pica pitch be cause it s the same as a standard pica typewriter This printer can also print 17 characters per inch This is called condensed pitch and allows you to get 136 columns of printing on an 8 inch page You can select the pitch whichever you wish by turning the DIP switch 1 3 while the power is down THIS LINE IS FRINTED WITH FICA FITCH WHILE THE DIF SWITCH 1 3 ON THIS LINE 15 PRINTED WITH CONDENSED PITCH WHILE THE DIP SWITCH 1 3 OFF AA PRINTING WITH CONTROL CODES Up until now we have introduced controlling with DIP switch settings The rest of this chapter we will show you print ing text with control codes Expanded print Each of this printer s two print pitches can be enlarged to twice its normal width This is called expanded print Try this program to see how it works 10 REM DEMO EXPANDED MODE 20 OPEN 4 4 30 PRINT 4 NOTICE THAT 40 PRINT 4 CHR 14 50 PRINT 4 EXPANDED MODE STAYS ON 60 PRINT 4 UNTIL IT 18 70 PRINT 4 CHR 15 80 PRINT 4 TURNED OFF 90 CLOSE 4 NOTICE THAT EXPANDED MODE STAYS ori LIMIT IS TURNED OFF When you turn on expanded print with CHR 14 it stays on until you turn it off with CHR 15 Now change your program as shown below to see how your printer will work 10 REM DEMO EXPANDED MODE 20 O
24. MNO 5 2 la JB i P S ABCDEFGHIJELMNOFGRSTUVWXYZ H IRS JE Iz FI TAE A 00113455 irizoDO ah5hcdefghisnklmnobQqrrtu vwxyzt J 5 FREIE D 70123456789 lt gt abcdefghi JklmnopqrstuvuxyZzl EIT Figure 2 9 The self test gives a preview of its capabilities 20 MEMO ee RIRS ee nenn CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR PRINTER You have assembled and tested your printer and seen a quick sample of the capabilities of this printer in the self test Now it s time to do what you bought this printer to do print information from your computer But first you need to connect the printer to your computer Please follow the instructions in the order listed below 1 2 Make sure that both your computer and printer are turned OFF Conncect one end of the 6 pin DIN cable to either of the two connector sockets located in the back of your printer This cable is keyed so that you cannot connect the cable in the wrong way This means that the pins should be positioned so that a slight pressure will insert the cable properly You should not have to force these pins in and doing so could damage your cable Connect the other end of the cable to your coumputer in the Serial Port Connector located in the back of your computer Make sure that you are keying the pins properly into the connector with
25. PEN 4 4 30 PRINT 4 EXAMPLE 40 PRINT 4 CHR 14 50 PRINT 4 60 PRINT 4 CHR 14 70 PRINT 4 EXPANDED 80 PRINT 4 CHR 15 90 PRINT 4 MODE 100 CLOSE 4 32 EXAMPLE OF EZ mM FA ea PEE E MODE Wow the word of EXPANDED 15 printed in four times wider than the normal characters There s a new little wrinkle in this program though It s all printed on one line The semicolons at the lines told BASIC that those lines were to be continued Therefore BASIC didn t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines And when you send CHR 14 again while in the expanded mode the characters are printed to twice the previous characters Reverse field print Your printer can produce the white characters on black ground field Try this program to see how it works 10 REM DEMO REVERSE FIELD CHARACTER 20 OPEN 4 4 30 PRINT 4 DEMONSTRATION OF 40 PRINT 4 CHR 18 50 PRINT 4 REVERSE FIELD 60 PRINT 4 CHR 146 70 PRINT 4 PRINTING 80 CLOSE 4 In this program reverse field is turned on in line 40 with CHR 18 and then off in line 60 with CHR 146 D de Ub uuo ENERO y PUT OY REL NOTE Do not use this mode of printing for more than five consecutive lines since extended printing in this mode will damage the print head CHAPTER 6 LINE SPACING AND FORMS CONTROL We have learned how to print in many different ways but
26. R C m SR o yi LBAALuuD 0 l gt ei PA _ AA E gt Al ________ A A Al PF A AAA CIR TA a 24 ____ _ _______ A AAA S ON LINE BUTTON Lets you change the printer status be tween off line and on line When it s on line the printer can receive data from the computer When it s off line printer sends a signal to the computer indicating that it cannot accept data When you turn the power switch on you are auto matically on line CAUTION Do not put your printer to the off line while using your computer system 12 There are other kinds of controls not connected to the con trol panel board Some of the more important ones are POWER SWITCH Towards the back on left side This turns on the electricity to your machine PLATEN Middle right side Lets you manually turn the platen just like a typewriter CAUTION Turn this knob only with power switch off Turning it with the power on could damage the platen drive gears RELEASE LEVER On top near the left rear corner You ll be using this particular control often What it does is control the pressure of the paper against the platen Its position is crucial to feeding the different paper types sprocket and single sheets It has two settings Friction and Tractor The Friction posi tion is sued for single sheet printing and the Tractor position for sprock
27. SG 10C USER S MANUAL NOT INTENDED FOR SALE 2 4 Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause terference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause inter ference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equip ment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver eMove the computer away from the receiver ePlug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on dif ferent branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television techni cian for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Ide
28. THIS LINE SFACING IS SET TO 36 THIS LINE SFACING IS SET TO 37 THIS LINE SFACING 15 SET TO 38 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET 39 THIS LINE SFACING 15 SET 48 i tn m e LA ted You can select the line spacing to 6 lines per inch or 8 lines per inch as the power on default by setting the DIP switch 1 6 FORMS CONTROLS We have seen how to control the spacing between lines on a page This printer also has commands that control the placement of printing on the page and even adjust for different size pages Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed Form feed or lt FF gt is CHR 12 and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of next sheet Try this program to see how easy it is to feed a form 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 LINE NUMBER 1 36 30 PRINT 4 LINE NUMBER 2 40 PRINT 4 CHR 12 50 PRINT 4 LINE NUMBER 3 60 PRINT 4 LINE NUMBER 4 70 CLOSE 4 Before you run the program turn your printer off and adjust the paper so that the top of the sheet is even with the top of the ribbon guide on the print head then turn the printer back on If you don t remember how to do this review Chapter 2 When you run the program the results will look like this tee LINE NUMBER 1 LINE NUMBER 2 Qu ME O LINE NUMBER 2 LIME NUMBER 4 The form feed CHR 12 in line 40 caused the printer to move the top of a new pa
29. Y ADDRESS 4 REMARKS When this secondary address is transmitted the printer s error messages appear whenever an error occurs REFERENCE Chapter 7 PURPOSE Defining a download character SECONDARY ADDRESS 5 REMARKS This secondary address allows you to define a download character REFERENCE Chapter 9 PURPOSE Setting the line spacing SECONDARY ADDRESS 6 REMARKS This secondary address controls the value of line spacing REFERENCE Chapter 7 PURPOSE Select the business characters SECONDARY ADDRESS 7 REMARKS This secondary address is used to print as exactly received It is similar to the second ary address 0 except that all unshifted characters are printed in lower case and all shifted or capital characters are printed in upper case REFERENCE Chapter 8 PURPOSE Cancel the printer error messages SECONDARY ADDRESS 9 REMARKS This secondary address turns off the printer s error messages selected by the sec ondary address 4 REFERENCE Chapter 8 E 107 2 PURPOSE Reset the printer SECONDARY ADDRESS 10 REMARKS This secondary address initializes the printer as the power on default REFERENCE Chapter 8 MEMO APPENDIX F TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Printing method Printing speed Print buffer Paper feed Printing direction Character set Character matrix Line spacing Column width Pica Condensed Paper type Single sheets Seria
30. actors BASIC is the nearest thing to a universal language among users of per sonal computers But remember that it s not the only way to communicate with this printer as we have already seen Subjects covered in this chapter include e Basic commands associated with your printer e Printing from BASIC CHRS function All of the examples in this manual are written in Commodore BASIC specifically Commodore BASIC for the Commodore C 64 Computer In this chapter we assume that you have some familiarity with BASIC SOME BASICS ABOUT BASIC Probably the simplest thing to do with your printer in BASIC 15 to list a program on the printer But in this world of prolifer ating microcomputers even this presents a problem It seems that every computer uses a different system of communicating with the printer We are going to tell you about some of the more common ways and hope that between this and your computer s BASIC manual you will be able to stay with us The OPEN command When you want to print on the printer you must first open the printer as a device You can this by typing 26 OPEN fn dn sa This command sets a correspondence between a file number and a physical device The fn or logical file number may be any number you choose to assign to your file from 1 to 255 It doesn t matter which number you choose as long as you remain consistent throughout your set of commands dn or device number also known as
31. be an easier way and of course there 15 The solution is called a one time tab and is CHR 16 This command moves print head columns to the right from the home position depending on the following two digits Try this program how to see it works 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 123456789012345678901234567890 30 PRINT 4 CHR 16 10 ABCDE 40 CLOSE 4 12343678981 23436728901 24567890 ARCDE 42 It has the same effect as sending 10 spaces in this program Now try another program as shown below 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 123456789012345678901234567890 30 PRINT 4 CHR 16 10 ABCDE 40 PRINT 4 CHR 16 20 FGHIJ 50 CLOSE 4 12745678901 27454679898 1254567990 ABCDE FGHIJ You can get two separated characters in your printout With the CHR 16 you can determine the print start position FORMATTING A TABLE Perhaps the most significant feature of your printer is its abil ity to format data Picture formatting generates a simple one to one correspondence between the column position of the print line and the symbol that is to appear there Formatting lets you left or right justify columns of data or align numeric data on its decimal point position Try this program 10 OPEN 2 4 2 20 PRINT 2 99 30 CLOSE 2 40 OPEN 1 4 1 50 PRINT 1 05 60 CLOSE 1 5 95 In this program line 10 opens to define the formatting field by the secondary address assignment of 2 And line 20 send the definin
32. c down the left side of each row Then after you ve filled in the dots that you want to print it s time to get out the old calculator again Just as you did with download characters add up the values of each column of dots and add 128 for the graphics data th s makes up one byte In the program below we ve taken the logo graphics in for mation and put it into BASIC DATA statements The program itself is short and simple The printout from the program is shown right below the pro gram 66 Figure 10 2 By laying out the logo on graph paper you can calculate all of the graphics data 10 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 OPEN 4 4 PRINT 4 CHR 8 FOR TO 404 READ A PRINT 4 CHR A NEXT I PRINT 4 CHR 15 CLOSE 4 REM ROW 1 DATA 128 128 128 192 224 240 248 248 248 188 DATA 156 156 156 156 156 184 184 240 240 252 DATA 252 252 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 224 240 240 248 248 252 156 156 156 DATA 156 252 248 248 248 240 192 128 128 128 DATA 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 128 128 128 192 224 240 248 248 248 188 DATA 156 156 156 156 156 184 184 240 240 252 DATA 252 252 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 DATA 13 REM CARRIAGE RETURN REM ROW 2 DATA 128 128 158 255 255 255 255 255 248 248 DATA 240 240 240 240 224 224 224 224 193 199 240 250 260 27
33. cters This switch 1s set ON at the factory You can select the NLQ characters by pushing the NLO button on the control panel This switch selects either normal or emphasized print for the default If this switch is ON then this printer will print normal type when the power is turned on If this switch is OFF then this printer will print empha sized type when the power is turned on This switch is set ON at the factory This switch sets the default line spacing When this switch is ON the default line spacing is set to 1 6 inch This means that this printer will advance the paper 1 6 inch each time it receives a line feed When this switch is OFF the default line spacing is 1 8 inch This switch is set ON at the factory This switch selects the device number for this printer When this switch is turned ON the device number is set to 4 If this switch is turned OFF the device number 15 set to 5 This switch 15 set to ON at the factory This switch disables the paper out detector If this switch 15 ON the printer will signal the computer when it runs out of paper and will stop printing If this switch 15 OFF the printer will ignore the paper out de tector and will continue printing This switch is set ON at the factory APPENDIX B ASCH CODES AND CONVERSION CHART Standard Codes Character mode Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Graphic Business Function 0 00 0000 0000 1 01 0000 0001 2 02 0000 0010 3 03 0000 0011 4 04 0000 01
34. d then it uses the letters A through for digits The ASCII code for the letter A is 41 in hex Of course most of the time we don t even need to think about this code system Our computers are smart enough to know that when we press the A key on our keyboard we want to print the letter A The computer takes care of all the rest But there are a number of ASCII codes that don t have keys on the keyboard The most important of these codes are the codes that have ASCI values below 32 These codes control many of the printer s functions Even though there aren t keys for these codes most keyboards can send these codes It s done by holding down the control key many times marked CTRL and simultaneously pressing a letter key The particular letter key that 15 pressed determines what code 15 sent Control and A sends ASCII code 1 control and sends ASCII code 2 and so on Because of the way they are created these codes are often referred to as control A etc 23 So there are four common wasy of referring to the same set of codes the character or name of the code the decimal ASCII value the hexadecimal ASCII value and the control value For example the code that causes the printer to advance the paper one line is ASCIT 10 decimal This code is commonly referred to by all the following names line feed its name lt LF gt the abbreviation of its name ASCII 10 its decimal value
35. download into this printer When download character is defined it is stored in RAM random access memory which allows you to define or modify it at any time Each of these characters whether it is from the standard char acter ROM or in download RAM it is constructed on a grid which is six boxes wide by eight boxes high The dots used to print a character can be inside any of the boxes In addition a dot can straddle any of vertical lines For an example take a look at the enlarged 9 superimposed on the grid in Figure 9 3 As you can see some dots are inside the boxes and some are centered on the vertical lines This in effect makes the character grid 11 dots wide by 8 dots high To see how the rest of the characters in the standard character ROM are constructed take a look at Appendix C Figure 9 3 Dots can be inside boxes or straddle the vertical lines of the grid 56 DEFINING YOUR OWN CHARACTER You ve seen how the engineers at Star designed their charac ters by using a grid to lay out the dots Now you can define characters exactly the same way Make up some grids photo copy Figure 9 4 if you wish and get ready to be creative Just in case you are not feeling creative and to make our explana tions a little clearer we ll be using a picture of a chemist s flask as an example of a download character You can see how we ve laid it out in Figure 9 5 You ll notice that Figure 9 4 includes l
36. e how the CHR function works 28 NEW 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 CHR 83 30 CLOSE 4 RUN That should print an S for Star If you check the chart in Appendix you will see that 83 is the ASCII code for S Control codes This printer uses many of the non printing ASCII codes for control codes These codes perform a function rather than print ing a Character Let s try an easy one right now NEW 10 OPEN 4 4 20 PRINT 4 CHR 7 30 CLOSE 4 RUN Where did that noise come from That s the printer s bell We will learn more about it in Chapter 8 We just wanted to illus trate a code that causes the printer to p rform a function 3 CHAPTER 5 PRINTING TEXT WITH PRINTER Beginning with this chapter we will be exploring all the fea tures of this printer In this chapter we ll cover e Near letter quality characters Italics Print pitch Print emphasis All our examples will be given in Commodore BASIC as used by the Commodore C 64 but remember that you don t need to know BASIC to use this printer s features Just use the same ASCII codes as we do in our examples You have already printed a few lines on your printer Now it s time to start looking at the many variations of printing styles you have available to you SOME SPECIAL KINDS OF TEXT Near Letter Quality characters This printers Near Letter Quality some times abbreviated as NLQ character set is ideal for corresp
37. e board Head connector Figure 11 2 Replacement of the printer s print head is simple 72 1 Remove the printer cover and the ink ribbon 2 Remove the two screws fastening the print head 3 While holding the print head pull off the head cable while holding down the head cable board 4 Insert the head cable to the head cable board and fasten with the same two screws 5 Apply screw lock an adhesive available at hardware stores to the heads of the screws Be absolutely sure that made a good solid connection between the print head and its cable connector or it could cause problems APPENDIX A DIP SWITCH SETTINGS The DIP dual in line package switch controls some of the functions of the printer A DIP switch actually contains several individual switches This printer has one DIP switch with 8 indi vidual switches in it and DIP switch with 4 Figure 1 drawing of a typical DIP switch Switch 1 Switch 2 Figure A 1 A DIP switch is actually of several small switches All two DIP switches are ready accessible from the side They are located on the left side of the control logic board and can be seen on the left side of the printer To change the setting of a switch use a ballpoint pen or a similar object The on position for a switch is upwards of the printer off is downwards Never change the settings of any of DIP switch pins when the
38. e dots Figure 9 1 shows how the let ter C is formed by printing 15 dots The printhead in this printer consists of nine thin wires stacked one atop of the other Figure 9 2 shows an enlarged schematic view of the front of the printhead showing the ends of the wires and their relationship to the printed draft characters As you can see the capital letters use the top seven wires of the printhead and the descenders such as the lower case p shown use the eight pins As the printhead moves across the page in either direction that s what is meant by bi directional printing it prints one column of dots at a time Each time a dot 54 is supposed to print an electromagnet inside the printhead causes the appropriate wire to strike the ribbon making the printer an impact printer Figure 9 1 The letter C is created by printing 15 dots Figure 9 2 As the printhead moves across the page each of the wires prints one row of dots 25 THE PRINT MATRIX All of the standard characters that this printer prints are formed from patterns of dots that are permanently stored in the printers ROM read only memory This includes all of the stan dard ASCII characters the block graphics and special characters the NLQ characters and the italic characters But there is another area of memory in the printer reserved for user defined character This is character that you design and
39. e is 2 and add 128 to assign the dot graphics data Firing se not used not used Figure 10 1 Starting with the least significant bit at the top each pin of the print head is assigned a value which is a power of two 65 veral pins at once is done in a similar fashion For example to print the first third and fourth dots add their values and 128 1 4 8 128 to send this total CHRS 141 This is one byte of graphics data it would replace in our format state ment above Combining text and graphics It s also possible to mix text and graphics in one line This can be useful for labeling charts or graphics or even inserting fancy graphics in text PRINTING A DESIGN OR LOGO Since you control the firing of every pin you can print nearly anything with this printer that you can draw and probably bet ter if you re like most computer users This can be used for creating computer art or drawing maps Or as we ll show you here you can use dot graphics to print your logo at the top of each letter you print Designing an image to print with dot graphics is much like designing download characters The best way to start is to lay out your image on graph paper Since you can print seven rows of dots with each pass of the print head draw a heavy horizon tal line every seven rows on your graph paper And it may be helpful to write the dot values 192 160 144 et
40. et paper This will be fully explained in the section de scribing paper loading procedures PAPER BAIL The bail is the movable bar that presses the pa per against the platen during printing and when moved away from the platen allows the paper to reach its proper position during the loading operation PAPER OUT DETECTOR This sensor automatically stops printing and tells you when the printer runs out of the paper The paper out lamp glows red and a beep tone alerts you when the printer runs out of paper The on line lamp also goes off so you are ready to load more paper DIP SWITCHES Primarily these switches are used in interfac ing this printer to your particular brand of computer But there are also switches to set the power on default settings for print style and page size See the appendix for a complete explana tion PAPER SELECTION AND LOADING That s for components and connectors The next thing we ll look at is the variety of papers avalable for this printer and how to load them ready to print For starters this printer can handle single sheets whether standard size stationery envelopes multi part carbonless business forms or almost any other kind of indi vidual sheets You can also print on continuous paper fan folded perforated paper Here s a good place to spend a minute talking about the re 13 lease lever which you ll be using often This lever controls the pressure of the paper again
41. face connector Ground terminal Power cord Figure 2 1 Front and rear views of the printer s TRACTOR This unit feeds sprocket feed paper with its drive gear and sprocket units It is very easy to remove or to install the tractor unit onto the printer PLATEN This is rubber cylinder that carries paper to print head 11 INTERFACE CONNECTOR Around on the back this is the place where you connect your computer to this printer so that they are able to communicate with each other Now let s take a tour around the controls starting with the control panel board located at the right front There are 4 lamps and 3 buttons on the panel POWER LAMP Glows green when the power is on LAMP Glows green when the printer is selected the Near Let ter Quality NLQ mode by the button or the switch ON LINE LAMP Glows green when the communication lines to your computer are open PAPER OUT LAMP Glows red when the printer is out of paper and stops printing NLQ BUTTON Lets you change the printer mode between the Draft mode and the NLQ mode When it s NLQ mode the NLQ lamp glows green PF BUTTON Stands for Paper Feed and allows you to advance the paper one line at a time when the ON LINE lamp is off If you hold the button down you ll get to advance the paper to the top of a Figure 2 2 Control panel new page or form 7 E
42. g The only limitation on literal characters in format strings 15 that they cannot be printed in the reverse field mode They are also restricted to the same character set in which data 15 cur rently being printed PRINTING DATA ACCORDING TO A PREVIOUSLY DEFINED FORMAT Now we are armed to define the formatting field It s time to tell you how to print a table using the previously defined format Try this program 100 OPEN 2 4 2 110 F ZZZ 99 999 120 PRINT 2 F 130 CLOSE 2 140 OPEN 1 4 1 150 A 160 B ABC PRINTER 170 C 399 45 180 D 140 190 PRINTA1 A B CHR 29 C D 200 CLOSE 1 When you run this program you ll get what is shown below FRINTER 2199 08 196 In this program we have defined the format field in line 100 to 130 Then we invoked the formatting features of the printer with the secondary address assignment of 1 in line 140 When formatting string data from the computer a skip 29 must be sent to delimit the end of a string being ed ited to a field Leading blanks are stripped off a string therefore to print a blank string field you must transmit a shifted blank CHR 160 The string field is then right padded with blanks as shown below 10 OPEN 2 4 2 20 PRINT 2 AAA AAA 30 CLOSE 2 40 OPEN 1 4 1 50 PRINT 1 ABC CHR 29 CHR 160 29 DEF 60 CLOSE 1 ABC DEF Important The data to be printed for an
43. g data Line 40 opens to use the formatting definition by the second ary address assignment of 1 43 The formatting characters Specifications of a format accomplished by a set of for matting characters which when joined define the rules of for matting data for the printer format interpreter The formatting characters may be grouped into three classes Numeric 9 Z 5 String A Skip Blank Fields are specified by combining these formatting characters Up to 79 characters are accepted in a format string if you are using condensed pitch you can accept up to 135 characters Overflow characters are printed onto the next print line The printer software handles up to ten significant figures and an exponent range 99 on numbers passed as data to be formed Exponential numbers must be normalized such as 0 lt lt 10 Numeric data In a numeric field 9 specifies a digit position If there 15 no digit to print in this position then a blank 15 substituted Z also specifies a digit position in a numeric field Unlike the 9 this character forces a O to be printed if there is no digit available for this position This is desirable if leading zeroes are required in a numeric field If one 15 specified then the field 15 treated as a dollar amount with a fixed sign position If all digit positions to the left of the decimal point are then the number 1 printed as a floating dollar
44. ge before printing the last two lines CHANGING THE PAGE LENGTH You may have some computer forms that you wish to use with this printer that are not 11 inches high That s no problem because you can tell your printer how high the forms are that you are using Let s set up a 7 inch high length which is typical of many computer checks The following program will do it 10 OPEN 4 4 20 OPEN 3 4 3 37 30 PRINT 3 CHR 42 40 PRINT 4 PAY ORDER OF 50 PRINT 4 CHR 12 60 PRINT 4 PAY ORDER OF 70 CLOSE 4 CLOSE 3 This program should print PAY ORDER OF twice and they should be 7 inches apart We have used the secondary number as 3 in line 20 This spe cial secondary address allows you to vary the printed lines per page in line 30 we have sent CHR 42 to get the form length to 7 inches while in 6 lines per inch printing After line 40 prints line 50 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of the next form Line 60 then prints its message After you have run this program turn off the printer and ad just the top of the form position When you turn the printer back on the page length will be set to its normal setting usually 11 inches SKIP OVER PERFORATION Many programs that use a printer don t keep track of where they are printing on the page This causes a problem when you get to the bottom of a page because these programs just keep on printing right over the perforation This
45. id ex perts in the art of computer science and written by professionals experienced in presenting technical subjects accurately and in Plain English As an example look over the Table of Contents and you ll see what we mean Whether you re a greenhorn or a technical wizard everything you need to know in order to utilize this printer s wealth of features can be found there We suggest that each new owner user take time to at least scan Chapter 2 and 3 Getting to Know Your Printer and Getting Started With Your Printer as well as Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Printer to become familiar with your printer and how it works For you who wish to design your own characters do your own plotting your own infinite variety of dot graphic patterns you ll have a ball For you Chapters 5 through 10 are a must and of course everbody should look at Chapter 11 which tells how to maintain your printer for a long and carefree life In this manual there are plenty of example programs to dem onstrate and show off all of this printer s features All the exam ple programs are written in Commodore BASIC for the Commodore C 64 So gentle reader with this manual we hand you the key to the wonderful world of this printer May you enjoy years of handsome fast and carefree printing Congratulations on your selecting the printer of choice for the 56 10 There is an additional feature as shown below So please use this new feature a
46. in the dot graph 1 5 mode Chapter 10 104 OTHER COMMANDS PURPOSE Sound printer bell CODE lt BEL gt decimal ASCII q hex 07 REMARKS This command causes the printer tone to sound for approximately one fourth second REFERENCE Chapter 8 APPENDIX E SECONDARY ADDRESS REFERENCE The purpose of this Appendix is to provide a quick reference for the various assignments of the secondary addresses in the OPEN statement PURPOSE Print data exactly as received in Graphic mode SECONDARY ADDRESS 0 REMARKS This secondary address is the default value Whether or not you include it in your OPEN statement the printer prints data ex actly as received REFERENCE Chapter 8 PURPOSE Printing data according to a previously defined format SECONDARY ADDRESS 1 REMARKS A secondary address of 1 invokes the for matting features of your printer The data to be printed is arrayed according to a previ ously specified format using the secondary address of 2 REFERENCE Chapter 7 PURPOSE Storing the formatting data SECONDARY ADDRESS 2 REMARKS This secondary address determines the for matting features of your printer REFERENCE Chapter 7 106 PURPOSE Setting the number of lines per page SECONDARY ADDRESS 3 REMARKS This secondary address allows you to vary the number of printed lines per page REFERENCE Chapter 7 PURPOSE Enable the printer error messages SECONDAR
47. its 17 11 When holes fit snugly over the nubby teeth in both sprockets close the tractor covers and snap the clamp le vers back into their locked position Figure 2 7 12 With the platen knob roll the paper up or down until the correct start print position is reached You do this by lining up the horizontal perforation where you tear apart individual sheets with the top of the ribbon guide 13 Now you re ready to roll Replace the printer cover and turn the power switch on Rapid printing Figure 2 7 Ready to run with sprocket feed paper ADJUSTING THE GAP The gap is the space between the print head and the platen Adjusting the gap is simply adjusting the printer to accommo date different thicknesses of paper To make this adjustment move the adjustment lever which is under the printer cover immediately in front of the release lever shown in Figure 2 8 Pulling the adjustment lever towards you will widen the gap pushing it away from you will narrow the gap Release lever Adjustment lever Figure 2 8 The adjustment lever allows for different thicknesses of paper Five positions are available you can feel the lever clicking into the various notches The second step illustrated is the one most commonly used for single sheets of paper The lever 1s nearly straight up in this position You shouldn t encounter any difficulty in finding the right gap setting to fit your paper
48. l impact dot matrix 120 characters per second in draft 10 CPI 2K bytes 12 lines second at 1 6 inch line spacing Sprocket and Friction feed Bidirectional logic seeking Unidirectional in dot graphics and NLQ modes Near Letter Quality NLQ characters Upper lower case characters numerals and symbols Italic characters Upper lower case characters numerals and symbols Draft characters Upper lower case characters numerals symbols and block graphics NLQ characters 17 dot x 11 dot Standard characters 8 dot x 11 dot Block graphics 8 dot x 6 dot User defined 8 dot x 11 dot Dot graphic mode 7 dot x 480 dot 1 6 1 8 inch or 7 72 inch standard n 216 inch programmable 80 columns per line 136 columns per line 5 5 8 5 inches wide Continuous paper 4 10 inches wide Number of copies Ribbon Original 2 copies Star Micronics P M SF 02B or Under wood 1 2 inch x 2 inch spools 110 Dimensions 392 W x 315 D x 145 H mm 15 2 W x 12 4 D x 5 7 H inches Weight 7 kg 15 4 lb Special features Near Letter Quality printing Short form tear off Easy access format switches Self test Downloadable character Skip over perforation
49. line feed character Chapter 6 Skip print position lt DLE gt nl n2 16 nl n2 10 nl n2 This command determines the print start po sition from the home position nl and n2 should be between 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 to 9 deci mal code 57 hexadecimal code 39 Chapter 6 Skip print position in dot units ESC DLE nl n2 27 16 nl n2 1B 10 nl n2 This command determines the print start po sition from the home position in dot units The range is from 0 to 479 using n and n2 103 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE Skip space lt GS gt 29 1D This command causes the printer to skip the print positions according to previously defined format This command can be used under the secondary address assignment of Chapter 7 COMMANDS CONTROL DOT GRAPHICS PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCH REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS REFERENCE Enter dot graphics mode lt BS gt nl n2 8 nl n2 08 nl n2 This command selects the dot graphics mode The ASCII value of graphic data byte n1 n2 etc determine which pins are fired for each character This command also sets the line spacing to 7 72 inches Chapter 10 Repeat graphic data SUB nm 26 nm This command repeats the selected graphic data m for n times while
50. lt 127 7F 0111 1111 128 80 1000 0000 129 81 1000 0001 130 82 1000 0010 131 83 1000 0011 132 84 1000 0100 133 85 1000 0101 134 86 1000 0110 135 87 1000 0111 136 88 1000 1000 137 89 1000 1001 138 8A 1000 1010 139 8B 1000 1011 140 8 1000 1100 141 8D 1000 1101 CR CR Carriage return without line feed 142 8 1000 1110 143 8F 1000 1111 144 90 1001 0000 145 91 1001 0001 DCI DCI Graphic characters on 146 92 1001 0010 DC2 DC2 Reverse field print off 147 93 1001 0011 DC3 DC3 Paging on 148 94 1001 0100 149 95 1001 0101 150 96 1001 0110 151 97 1001 0111 152 98 1001 1000 153 99 1001 1001 154 9A 1001 1010 155 9B 1001 1011 156 9 1001 1100 157 9 1001 1101 158 9 1001 1110 159 9F 1001 1111 160 0 1010 0000 161 Al 1010 0001 a 162 2 1010 0010 163 A3 1010 0011 81 Standard Codes Character mode Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Graphic Business 164 A4 1010 0100 z 165 AS 10100101 166 10100110 zt 167 A7 10100111 168 A8 1010 1000 gt 169 A9 1010 1001 2 170 1010 1010 1 171 AB 10101011 172 AC 10101100 s 173 AD 10101101 L L 174 AE 10101110 4 175 AF 10101111 Zu 176 BO 1011 0000 177 B1 1011 0001 a 4 178 B2 1011 0010 T 179 B3 1011 0011 4 4 180 B4 1011 0100 1 181 5 1011 0101 1 182 6 1011 0110 1 183 B7 10110111 184 B8 1011 1000 gt 185 B9 1011 1001 E 186 BA 1011 1010 187 BB 1011 1011 188 BC 1011 1100 189 BD 1011 1
51. mand syntax statement which we ll get to shortly m m m m m m m Ma Mio m Figure 9 8 Add the values of the dots in each column and write the sum of each column at the bottom 60 Downtoad character definition command You ve read through a long explanation of download charac ter and we haven t even told you the command syntax yet Now the wait is over First of all OPEN your printer following the secondary ad dress as 5 Then send the information of your defined character data to your printer as shown below ml m2 mll You ll probably recognize m 11 from the top of our lay out grid That s right each column is described by one byte Now we ve got everything we need to download one character to the printer Let s send the information to the printer Enter the program and run it 10 OPEN 5 4 5 20 DATA 2 5 8 241 O 241 8 5 2 O 30 FOR I 1 TO 11 40 READ A A CHR 50 NEXT I 60 PRINT 5 A 70 CLOSE 5 When you run this program it looks like nothing happens That s OK We ll see why in just a moment PRINTING DOWNLOAD CHARACTER You ve now defined and sent the character to the printer But how do you know that Try this program 10 PRINT 4 4 20 PRINT 4 CHR 254 30 CLOSE 4 Voila It should have printed out the character we defined Your printout should look like this A 61 In addition to the character you have defined
52. ng Forms controls Form feed Changing the page length Skip over perforation Formatting Your Output 41 Using one time tab Formatting a table The formatting characters Numeric data String data Skip Literals in format strings Printing data according to a previously defined format Special Features of The Printer 47 Now hear this Initializing the printer Graphic mode and business mode Error message printing Quotation marks Creating Your Own Character 53 Dot matrix printing The print matrix Defining your own character Rule 1 Download characters are eight dots high Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap Add up each column of dots Download character definition command Printing download character Printing With Dot Graphics 63 Comparing dot graphics with download characters Using the dot graphics command Specifying the graphics data Combining text and graphics Printing a design or logo Creating bar charts Basic Maintenance 69 Cleaning Your Printer Replacing a Fuse Replacing the Print Head Appendix A DIP Switch Setting 73 Switch functions Appendix Codes And Conversion Chart 71 Appendix C Character Style Chart 85 Appendix D Function Code Reference 97 Commands to control print style Commands to control vertical position of print head Commands to control horizontal positions of print head Other command Appendix E Secondary Address Reference 105 Appendix F Technical Specifications 109 Consumer Response CHAPTER
53. ngs are left to do before we can start printing They are 1 attach the paper separator and quide and 2 install the ink ribbon Actually f you re planning to print on single sheets only you won t need to use the paper sep arator and guide which are designed expressly to guide contin uous paper sprocket feed through the printer 6 Attaching the paper separator and paper guide First identify the paper separator the large metal rack shown in Figure 1 6 Insert one protruding end into the hole shown in the diagram then genetly bend the other protruding end until it snaps into the opposite hole Follow the same proce dure with the smaller metal rack which is the paper guide Paper separator Paper guide Figure 1 6 Attach the paper separator and paper guide Important news If you get these in upside down they won t work So take another sharp look at Figure 1 6 before we pass on to the final act installing the ink ribbon W Installing the ribbon Telling you how to set the ribbon is like writing a set of in structions on how to tie your shoelaces It takes a lot longer to describe it than it does to do it So you ll be smart to study the several figures shown here they ll tell you all you really need to know Nevertheless if you feel better following written instructions read on Print head Ribbon Ad Ribbon guide Q O Q
54. ntify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 For compliance with Federal Noise Interference Standard this equipment requires a shielded cable A note about the programs in this manual This manual contains several programs that help to demonstrate the versatility of this printer Star Micronics Co Ltd has made every effort to insure that the programs are functional and accurate However Star Micronics Co Ltd cannot guarantee their accuracy or suitabil ity to any particular application Trademark Acknowledgement SG 10C Star Micronics Co Ltd Commodore C 64 Commodore Business Machines Inc Copyright 1985 Star Micronics Co Ltd ESTATE o m rue EE m T S It A Special Message to the New Owner Congratulations on your selecting the printer of choice for both the sophisticated as well as the first time user owner the new SG 10C Your new printer offers full compatibility with any Commodore on the market It combines the speed and efficiency of a proven winner with the character sets and printer codes used by the Commodore To complement the printer we ve included this manual All the information you need to be up and running with your new printer is right here You ll find using this manual easy and pleasant We ve gone to great lengths to make it so as it s master minded by sol
55. ondence and other impor tant printing for it takes a keen eye to detect that it is from a dot matrix printer Normally unless you have turned on the NLQ lamp on this printer prints draft quality characters This is adequate for most work and it prints these the fastest But for the final printout try NLQ It is very easy to select the NLQ characters Push the ON LINE button to turn off the ON LINE lamp then push the NLQ button to turn on the NLQ lamp You can also select the NLQ characters as the power on de fault by turning the DIP switch 1 4 off 30 NEAR LETTER QUALITY CHARACTERS ARE PRINTED WHILE THE LAMP GLOWS Italic printing Italic letters are letters that are slanted to the right Your printer can print all of its letters except NLQ characters in italic as well as the roman standard letters you are accustomed to To select the italic characters turn off the DIP switch 1 2 while the power is down If you select the NLQ characters while in the italic mode the characters are printed in the roman NLQ characters ITALIC CHARACTERS ARE PRINTED WHEN THE DIP SWITCH 1 2 IS TURNED Emphasized printing Your printer has very good print density when it s just print ing regularly But sometimes you may want to print darker This printer provides the emphasized characters by setting the DIP switch 1 5 off THIS 15 EMPHASIZED PRINTING WITH THE SWITCH 1 5 15 TURNED OFF CHANGING THE PRINT PITC
56. ool holder then turn the spools by hand four or five turns in each direction to verify that everything is properly set and ready to roll CHAPTER 2 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PRINTER The more you learn about this printer and its sophisticated features old and new the better printer is going to perform for you Remember it s not just what you know it s what you know how to use So let s start getting acquainted Subjects we ll cover in this chapter include e Components and controls e Paper out detector e Paper selection and loading e Adjusting the gap for different paper thickness e Self test printout of available characters COMPONENTS AND CONTROLS First the components You saw most of these when you un packed your printer Now we ll give you a brief explanation of what they do For details on your initial set up of this printer with all components in place see Chapter 1 PRINTER COVER This function is to protect the ribbon and print head from dust and dirt and also to reduce the sound level PAPER SEPARATOR and PAPER GUIDE As you ve guessed these wire racks are used to support and guide the sprocket paper during printing POWER CORD Connects the printer to its power source usu ally a wall outlet It s located at the left rear PRINT HEAD This is the unit which does the actual printing Like a typewriter the print head prints through an ink ribbon Printer cover Inter
57. ot of information around the grid Don t be intimidated we ll explain each time we come to it in our discussion of defining and actually printing download characters You may have noticed that this grid is the same as the one shown in Figure 9 3 Which leads us to m m m m m m m m m Mo Figure 9 4 Use this grid or similar to it to define your own characters 57 Rule 1 Download character is eight dots high As you noticed in Figure 9 2 capital letters most lowercase letters and most special characters use only the top seven pins of the printhead Download character can go one better they can use as many as eight of the nine wires in the printhead So our grid is eight dots high m m m m m m m m Mo Mi Figure 9 5 We ve designed a character Rule 2 Dots cannot overlap As you can see in Figure 9 5 our flask has a nearly contin uous outline But you may ask why not make it a really solid line and print all the intermediate dots as shown in Figure 9 6 Because the dots that straddle the vertical lines in the grid actu ally overlap those inside the boxes If we tried to print overlap ping dots the printhead of this printer would have to slow down and back up to print both dots not very efficient To avoid this inefficiency this printer will not allow you to define a character like Figure 9 6 Actually you can define i
58. ough various codes by the secondary address assignment of 3 see Appendix E Chapter 7 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCIT REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCIT REMARKS REFERENCE 101 Set skip over perforation lt DC3 gt 147 93 This command sets the margins at the top and the bottom of the page to 3 lines each The printer will automatically execute a form feed when the number of lines left on a page is equal to 3 Chapter 7 Cancel skip over perforation lt DC3 gt 19 13 This command cancels both the top and the bottom margins Chapter 7 COMMANDS TO CONTROL HORIZONTAL POSITIONS OF PRINT HEAD PURPOSE CODE decimal hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE Return print head to home position Carriage Return lt CR gt 13 0D This command returns the print head to the home positions This command will also cause a line feed character to be generated after the carriage return thereby advancing to the beginning of the next print line auto matically Chapter 6 102 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS REFERENCE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS Return print head to home position without line feed lt CR gt 141 8D This command returns the print head to the home position without
59. ove on the next step Removing the printer cover What is cover for really Primarily for two reasons one to keep dust and dirt away from the delicate innards and two to keep the noise level down So you should keep the cover on all the time except when setting the ink ribbon in place loading paper or making other adjustments when the cover might be in the way To remove the printer cover lift up the front end and pull out the two tabs at the back edge of the cover from the two slots of the case and off the machine To replace just reverse the procedure Figure 1 2 illustrates the proper position and movement for both removal and replacement of the cover Re Y e a ss SA A Figure 1 2 Remove the printer cover by lifting carefully Removing packing and shipping screws There are two shipping screws on the bottom of the printer used to hold the internal chassis securely to the external frame during shipping To get at these carefully place the printer upside down on a soft surface like a foam cushion Remove the screws with a Phillips screwdriver as shown in Figure 1 3 Next remove the printer cover and remove the spiral tube on the carriage stay which protects the print head per Figure 1 4 You ll be smart to save these screws along with the rest of the packing material and the shipping carton in case you ever have to ship the printer Tape dthe
60. power is on Turn off both the printer and your computer 74 i Figure 2 The DIP switches are located on the left side of the printer Table A 1 summarizes the functions of the DIP switch Table A 1 DIP switch settings Switch ____ __ Sith Normal 14 Emphisized 1 8 paper feed Not Used Device number 5 Switch 2 Paper out detector on Ignore paper out 15 SWITCH FUNCTIONS Switch 1 1 1 2 1 5 Function Switch 1 1 sets the default page length for the printer If switch 1 1 is ON the page length 15 set to 11 inches When switch 1 1 is OFF the page length 15 set to 12 inches This switch is set ON at the factory This switch selects the default character set If this switch is ON then the default character set 15 Normal characters If this switch is OFF then the default char acter set is set Italic characters This switch 1s set ON at the factory This switch has no effect if the NLQ mode is selected This switch selects the default character pitch If this switch is ON then the default pitch is 10 CPI If this switch is OFF then the default pitch is 17 CPI This switch is set ON at the factory This switch has no ef fect if the NLQ mode is selected This switch selects the default character set If this switch is ON then the default character set 15 Normal characters If this switch is OFF then the default char acter set is set NLQ chara
61. r There is no descender data with dot graphics graphic m ages are always printed with the same seven pins of the print head So when do you use graphics and when do you use download characters There are several instances when dot graphics are clearly the best way to approach the problem e If the graphic image to be printed is wider than 11 dots or higher than 8 dots 64 e If an image is to be printed just one time as opposed to a frequently used text character USING THE DOT GRAPHICS COMMAND The command to print dot graphics uses this format CHRS 8 m2 Bv using CHR 8 you can enter the dot graphics mode This allows you to design and print dot graphics by inputting dot graphics data Specifying the graphics data Now that we ve told the printer to enter the dot graphics mode we better figure out how to send the graphics data Just as you do with download characters with dot graphics you have control of the firing of every single pin on your printer s print head In Figure 10 1 you can see that we ve labeled each pin on the print head with a number as well did with download char acters You should note one important difference this time the top pin has the lowest value for download character definitions it is the bottom pin And specifying to figure is done in the same way with one exception to fire the second pin from the top for instance send CHR 130 because the second pin va lu
62. s well as the other features described in the Users Manual International Character Set This printer is a multi lingual printer for it can speak eight languages This printer changes languages by changing 14 characters 5 characters in Graphic mode characters and 9 characters in Business mode characters that are different for the different languages These sets of characters are called inter national character sets The control codes to select the interna tional character sets are shown in Table below Table 1 International character set commands and settings of DIP switches Control code Settings of DIP switches 22 23 2 4 3 ESC 7 CHR 0 5 7 1 ESC 7 SA is a d ss e do iS A A A mU ur id RR ES a ss ee D In addition you can select the default international character set by the DIP switches as shown above The characters that change are shown beneath their ASCII code in the Table below Table 2 International character sets Graphic mode characters Country 35 64 91 92 93 Commodore Standard O U S A __ INIT 81 010 Denmark 0 EU Business mode characters Country 35 641 91 92 93 123124125126 Commodore Standard e 2 13 11 usa Germany 8 0 0 8 Denmark 0
63. select the graphic character mode and the CHR 17 selects the business character mode Error message printing This printer has a special function to show the error statement on your printer With this function you can recognize the error position When a secondary address assignment of 4 15 transmitted the printer s error messages appear whenever an error occurs When a formatting error occurs a message 15 printed the format 15 dumped and a pointer is located at the offending field You can cancel this function using the secondary address as signment of 9 Followings are the error messages under this function PE L Lines per page out of range n attempt was made to set the lines per page to a value outside the range 13 lt lines per page lt 128 via a print to secondary address 3 The command is ignored and the previous length remains in force Bad command You gave the printer an invalid secondary address outside the range The com mand is ignored PE M Data format mismatch You gave the printer non numeric data to print in a numeric field The first character printed after the error message 15 the offending character Exponent error The numeric data given to the printer to print in a numeric field had an invalid exponent The expected form of an exponential number is n nnnn ee or n nnnn ee pression must contain a plus or minus sign with a two digit exponent
64. sets the top and the bottom margins to skip the per forations and line 55 clears both margins when we are done THIS 16 LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE 19 1 THIS IS LINE 56 T HIS IS LINE 57 THIS IS LINE 58 O THIS IS LINE 59 THIS IS LINE 69 O Pe OO YOM PWN THIS IS LINE 51 THIS 15 LINE 52 THIS IS LINE 22 THIS IS LINE 115 THIS IS LINE 117 THIS 1S LINE 118 THIS IS LINE 119 THIS IS LINE 120 THIS IS LINE 121 O THIS 16 LINE 122 THIS IS LINE 123 THIS IS LINE 124 O THIS IS LINE 125 THIS IS LINE 126 THIS IS LINE 127 O THIS IS LINE 128 THIS 18 LINE 129 THIS IS LINE 129 O THIS IS LINE 131 THIS IS LINE 172 THIS IS LINE THIS IS LINE MEMO e CHAPTER 7 FORMATTING YOUR OUTPUT You have probably used the tab and margin features on a ty pewriter They make it easier to format the text or chart on a page Your printer also has the formatting function like tabs and margins that you can send In this chapter we will discover how to use e One time tab setting e Formatting a table USING ONE TIME TAB Suppose you need to move to a position across the page but you only need to do it once It doesn t make much sense to send a group of spaces There must
65. sign to the right justified before the most significant digit When preceding a numeric field the sign of the number or is to be printed in the fixed column position of S The period character defines the position of the decimal point and is printed literally in this position gt character specifies a trailing sign If the number is posi tive a blank is printed A numeric field cannot have both S and When this is the case only the S will be honored 44 String data The letter A represents one position of the string data field Within the field leading blanks are truncated the field is left justified and it 15 padded to the right with blanks Shifted blanks CHR 160 are not deleted if in the leading positions Skip Simply use blanks where spaces are required Literals in format strings Literals are characters that are to be printed exactly as they exit in the printer s memory rather than being used to format other data Literals are flagged by preceding each literal in the format string with a reverse field ON character CHR 16 One use of literals is to create a special form at the same time you are printing data This is done by using the special graphics character to form vertical horizontal or other lines between the fields You can create a form while printing data either by over printing graphic characters or by inserting literal characters in a format strin
66. ss PO NA C 9 m M ds dd tdo 5 Vous sa ed PEP ER fat Ti ee ID oan com non Uam Function Standard ASCII Codes Decimal Hexadecimal Binary 0100 1101 0100 1110 0100 1111 0101 0000 0101 0001 0101 0010 0101 0011 0101 0100 0101 0101 0101 0110 0101 0111 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 9 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 4D 4 4 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5 5 5 50 SE SF 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 12 73 74 75 76 77 78 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0110 0000 0110 0001 0110 0010 0110 0011 0110 0100 0110 0101 0110 0110 0110 0111 0110 1000 0110 1001 0110 1010 0110 1011 0110 1100 0110 1101 0110 1110 0110 1111 0111 0000 0111 0001 0111 0010 0111 0011 0111 0100 0111 0101 0111 0110 0111 0111 0111 1000 Character mode Graphic E P is P8 onm bd ox i i ST ee BOK el Business m n o p a oc das no Function 79 80 Standard Codes Character mode Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Graphic Business Etc DOR 12 79 0111 1001 y 122 7 0111100 2 123 7B 0111 1011 124 7 0111 1100 125 7D 0111 1101 126 0111 1110
67. st the platen It has two settings F and The F setting stands for Friction Feed and this setting 1s always used when running single sheets The T position stands for Tractor Feed and is used only with sprocket feed paper F tightens the pressure of the paper against the platen while T loosens this pressure so it s easier to move the paper around Release lever Figure 2 3 The paper release lever has two settings F for friction feed and T for tractor feed W Loading single sheets Paper width must always be between 8 and 10 inches and paper thickness between 07 mm and 10 mm Now instead of rolling the paper in manually by turning the platen knob we re going to use the PF button with the power switch turned on This means we ll have to use F friction feed position of the release lever Remember what we told you about that PF paper feed button This allows you to advance the paper one line at a time and if you hold the button down you ll get multiple line feeds zx iS E D RE VR NT NU cab Ns at AS E ERAI TI yy Y 14 OK Now let s start 1 dU y Release lever Remove the printer cover and tractor unit you can leave the paper separator on if you have installed it Turn the power switch on Lift up the paper bail bar Se
68. t but when it prints 58 this printer will leave out overlapping dots so that it would print like Figure 9 5 WRONG m m m m m m m m m m M Figure 9 6 Dots cannot overlap those in immediately adjacent half columns will be ignored when the character is printed Add up each column of dots Now it s time to give our creative side a break and get down to some basic arithmetic That s where the numbers down the left side of the grid come in Notice that there is a number for each row of dots and that each number is twice the number be low it By making these numbers powers of two we can take any combination of dots in a vertical column and assign them a unique value Some examples will make this clearer As shown in Figure 9 7 if we add the numbers for the dots that print in a olumn the sum will be a number in the range of 0 to 255 Each number from 0 255 represents a unique combination of dots 59 Figure 9 7 By adding values of each dot in a column you ll get a unique description for any combination of dots So add up the values of the dots in each column using this system In Figure 9 8 we ve shown our grid with the sums of the columns filled in across the bottom see if these agree with your answers Across the top of the grid you ve probably noticed the cryptic labeling of each column ml m2 m3 etc These labels correspond to the labels in the com
69. t is not enclosed within quotes and it s 51 contents are naturally zero If an odd number of quotation marks have been transmitted control characters are made visible This can be particularly use ful when you are making a listing a BASIC program containing control characters in quotation marks instead of using the CHRS function 52 ry CHAPTER 9 CREATING YOUR OWN CHARACTER In the previous four chapters of this manual you ve learned how to control the printer to give you dozens of different type faces By using various combinations of character weights and font selections you can create nearly any effect you want to in text And with the special text and graphics characters described in Chapter 8 you can print almost any character you can think of But if almost any character isn t good enough for you then it s a good thing you have this printer With it you can actually create your own character s you ll see in this chapter down load character can be used to print a logo special characters for foreign languages scientific and professional applications or any other specific printing task DOT MATRIX PRINTING In order to create download character you ll need some un derstanding of how dot matrix printers work They re called dot matrix because each character is made up of a group of dots Look closely at some printed characters produced by your printer and you will see th
70. t the release elver to the F position Insert the sheet from the back side of the platen between the paper chute and the platen cover plate Press the ON LINE button until the ON LINE light goes off Tap on the PF button to roll the paper in until it appears on the front side of the platen about where you want the first line to start printing Paper bail bar Paper chute Figure 2 4 Inserting a single sheet of paper can be done under power with the line feed button NOTE To straighten paper if it s in crooked e Move the release lever to T position e Position the sheet where you want it moving right or left if necessary to get the paper located between the margins of the printing area e Move release lever back to F position 15 8 Push the paper bail bar back to its original position flush against the paper 9 Replace the printer cover 10 Presto You re ready to start printing Loading sprocket feed paper This 15 the familiar perforated paper with the holes along both sides also called sprocket punched fan fold or just plain computer paper It can be as narrow as 3 and up to 10 wide To use this kind of paper you ll need to install the tractor unit with its two sprocket wheels to carry the paper along To install the tractor identify the two snap levers shown in Figure 2 5 At the same time identify the two
71. the primary address refers to the device to which you wish to send the file In case of the printer the number must be 4 since that is the number assigned to it at the factory The sa or secondary address is used to specify a partic ular printer function Secondary addresses are thoroughly in the following chapters M The CMD command This statement transfers the primary output device screen to the logical number specified in the command The file must have been OPENed When this command is in effect all output gen erated by PRINT or LIST command will be sent to the file in stead of the screen The format of the command is as follows CMD The fn must be the same as in the OPEN statement with which it is associated Unlike a PRINT command the line or bus to the receiving device is left open The line or bus to the re ceiving device in this case the printer is said to be listening To re direct the output back to the primary output device the PRINT not abbreviation command must be used to send a blank line to the CMD device prior to closing the file If a SYNTAX ERROR occurs output will not be redirected back to the screen Devices are not unlistened by this so you should PRINT a blank line after an error condition The PRINT command PRINT command works just like the PRINT command ex cept that it directs output to the printer instead of the screen After printing the designated data the line or bus to
72. ull it slightly for ward to release the front of the case Lift it all the way off be ing careful not to pull the wires which connect the cover to the case When the case is off check Figure 11 1 for location of the fuse which you ll find held by its clamps close to the power switch 9 T Primary fuse Power switch Figurel1 1 After removing the screws pull the upper case slightly for ward and lift it off the printer The fuse is located near the power switch The fuse is a commonly used type with a metal strip sus pended in a glass and metal case If the strip is broken the fuse is blown Replace this fuse with a 1 25A 125V slow blow type fuse Bell SMT1 25 or equivalent for 120V version or a 630mA 250V slow blow type fuse for 220V 240V versions Now reassemble the printer and test run it If the printer still isn t working call on your dealer service center for help REPLACING THE PRINT HEAD The dot matrix print head has a remarkably long life printing perhaps 100 000 000 characters before it wears out You ll know 71 when that happens when the printout is too faint for your taste even after replacing the ink ribbon Warning The print head gets hot during operation so let it cool off for a while if necessary to avoid burning your fingers To replace the print head start by turning the power switch off and unplugging the power cord Then in sequence Print head Head cabl
73. urn your printer on the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch This is fine for most printing applications but sometimes you may want something different Your printer makes it easy to set the line spacing to whatever value you want Try this program to see how easy it is to change the line spac ing 10 OPEN 4 4 20 OPEN 6 4 6 30 FOR I 1 TO 40 40 IF I 13 THEN 70 50 PRINT 6 CHR I 60 PRINT 4 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO I 70 NEXT 80 CLOSE 4 CLOSE 6 Line 20 opens to control the number of steps for line spacing by the secondary address assignment of 6 The loop that is started in line 30 increases the value of n the variable I in the program each time it is executed So the line spacing increases as the program continues Line 40 just short cuts the loop when I 13 since BASIC won t let us send CHR 13 without adding an unwanted CHR 10 to it Notice that we used two file numbers in this program because we wanted to perform the formatting control and printing con trol at the same time Remember that it is possible to have as many as ten files open simultaneously This is what you will get 35 SND LEA fe dee et at Bel Read tf O it 09 0 CI LO LO CONN 5 5 SE 4 SET 5 SET TO 26 SET TO 27 SET TO SET 29 SET TO 36 THIS LINE SFACING IS SET TO 51 THIS LINE SFACING IS SET TO 32 THIS LINE SFACING A THIS LIME SFACING IS SET TO 14 THIS LINE SFACING IS SET TO 35
74. y formatted line must be sent with only one PRINT command 46 MEMO CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE PRINTER In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes In this chapter we will look at more control codes These codes don t fit into nearly any of the groupings that we have studied but they add a lot of capability to your printer So here goes Commands covered in this chapter include e Bell e Master reset Graphic mode and business mode Error message Quotation marks Now hear this You may have heard the printer s bell if you have ever run out of paper And you may have wondered why it s called a bell when it beeps instead of ringing It s a long history that goes back to the early days of computers when teletype machines were used for computer terminals These mechanical marvels had a bell in them that could be heard for blocks This bell was used to signal to the operator that something needed attention The code that the computer sent to the teletype machine to ring the bell was reasonably enough called a bell code Well the name bell code is still with us even if the bell has changed to a beeper and a lot of people still call the beeper a bell even if it doesn t sound like one So with our trivia lesson out of the way let s see how we can ring the bell The code to sound the printer s bell is CHR 7 which is ASCII code 7 or lt BEL gt

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