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triad 2310 digital locating systems

1. mu _ gt k npe gt i e ay i ag DE nr ore Depth Nulls E ret 9 Se Air ae E on s _ t p gt dg 5 z sa i er SE os Use PEAK mode nd re s 4 gt 3 a i a x Oe yp bg i ne Tr a E P 4 da r t s ao E 4 dn E A aae Ba p ane a dj AE ee f lt JY gt a s Ss i SN 4 N 14 gt T n 7 7 Bn 3 av A N n b p EE r Ca 3 i 2 i AG ae PK ay cane e SL WA er i Measuring me 20 by Triangulation in A TAR PE aN OANA T E T Fa Sou See ae T Locating a Sonde by Peaking Set the locating mode to PEAK and hold the receiver vertical while searching a Walk the area wherein the sonde is suspected to be As the signal is detected move so that the ANR and bar response increase b While searching rotate the pointer to maximize the response as well Assuming the sonde is resting roughly horizontal the maximum response should occur when the pointer is directly above the sonde and rotated so that the direction of the sonde is side to side If the sonde is positioned vertically underground then a similar procedure may be used setting the locating mode to NULL 40 A 2 Alternative Methods to Energize A Line For Tracing A 2 1 Using A Gc 2 Inductive Clamp Sometimes it may be difficult to isolate a line for the purpose of energizing it for tracing Perha
2. or other access point In the case of some other kind of conduit one might use a fish tape or a pushrod to feed the sonde into the pipe Sonde Attached to Rod 4 Locate the sonde 28 Once the sonde has been inserted into the pipe use the 2310 Receiver to determine the location of the sonde as follows a If possible track where the sonde is going from above ground every 10 to 20 feet that it is fed out Continue to feed until the sonde reaches the point of interest b Use the ANR in the upper left corner of the display and the audio tone to guide you to the general area around the location of the underground sonde Typically the larger the ANR the closer the pointer antenna is to the location of the sonde a To pinpoint the location of the sonde center the cylinder icon that represents the sonde under the crosshair on the screen The user will notice that as the cylinder is centered the centering circle will constrict The tighter this centering circle the more positive the location of the sonde see next step The user will also notice that the receiver will report the depth and depth accuracy in the upper right corner of the screen d There is one condition that the user should be aware of when centering the sonde in the constricting circle If the icon is a flat r RTA rectangle or nearly so the user should swing the pointer along the line that cuts through the middle of the icon Move
3. Ba Walk around the general area of the energized line The goal is to seek for increasing signal response as presented by the ANR and the arrow shaped bar graph As you search it is recommended that you occasionally rotate the pointer antenna since the response of the antenna is now related to its positioning As the response increases continue walking until the response passes a maximum and begins to decrease You have just passed a peak over the buried line Position the 2310 vertically so that the pointer is directly over the spot where the peak is The pointer antenna should now be pointing directly at the buried line Next rotate the receiver to obtain the maximum response over the P pek l P eak is maximum line When this is when pistol grip done the receiver is aligned with will be positioned target line so that the line passes directly beneath it from back to front as shown 37 d Having thus aligned the receiver mark the spot on the ground directly below the pointer antenna Now move forward and or backward from that spot to locate peaks at other spots over the line As you traced the peaks you will be tracing the course of the line Determining Line Depth Using Triangulation While tracing in conventional modes you may wish to determine the approximate depth of the line being traced Because the conventional locating modes do not provide automatic depth the user must use triangulation based
4. Each instrument is powered by internal batteries Because batteries are limited capacity supplies they will need replacing from time to time How often they need replacing depends upon how often and how long the instruments are used and also upon the conditions under which they are used Under normal conditions the 2310 Receiver continues to operate for tens of hours on one set of batteries However some features will consume power at an accelerated rate if they are used all the time One such feature is the LCD backlight It can be set to stay on all of the time if it does stay on all of the time battery life will be considerably reduced Setting the speaker volume to maximum output can also drain the batteries more rapidly Likewise the 23X Transmitter can be used in a way that consumes only a little or a lot of power Using the transmitter at a 25 output level is generally power efficient and usually is more than enough for most tracing jobs However there are jobs that will put a heavy load on the transmitter and perhaps require higher output levels Under such conditions the 23X may be putting out 5 to 10 Watts of power A high demand like this will quickly sap the internal battery Therefore for high demand jobs Goldak recommends that the user use an external power source such as a car adapter an AC wall adapter or a high capacity rechargeable battery system Replacing the Batteries in the 2310 Receiver The 2310 Digital Loc
5. In such instances the receiver will not present an accurate representation of the lines in question when using Triad LINE mode In LINE mode the receiver displays a single line representation based on the field sum of all the energized lines present the receiver cannot graphically display multiple lines carrying the same tracing signal To isolate individual lines in a congested area use PEAK mode To operate the receiver in PEAK mode follow the set up instructions in Chapter 4 of this manual REMEMBER PEAK mode responds to the signal field directionally which means that the signal response is optimum as the line passes underneath the pointer head from the rear to the front In PEAK mode the receiver is able to sharply distinguish the side by side lines As you pass the pointer head over the individual lines you will notice the double arrow peaking bar and the ANR increasing and decreasing The bar response is relative because its purpose is to aid the user in determining the maximum relative response over a particular line The ANR is absolute its value directly corresponds to the actual amount of signal being received Because the ANR is absolute this number can aid in identifying the target line Usually but not always the target line is the one carrying the greatest amount of signal So the user typically can not only isolate all the lines in a manifold but also determine the relative amounts of current that they are carrying all wi
6. SIGNAL 2 jack the SIGNAL 1 jack outputs a standard signal level s Auxiliary DC Power Input This jack takes a standard 2 5mm DC power input plug which is typically used on AC DC wall transformer power supplies The rated voltage of the external supply should be no higher than 25V and no lower than 7 5V 3 Internal Battery The battery compartment is inside the case on the half where the 2310 Receiver is stored The compartment takes a 12 Volt Alkaline C Cell removable module To access the battery unscrew the two thumbscrews that hold the battery cover in place Latch Covers These secure the instrument in the closed position while protecting the Control and Output panels Super Inductive Capability A special patented antenna system is built into the transmitter case With this special antenna the 23X transmitter is the most powerful inductive line energizer available 3 ACCESSORIES STANDARD ACCESSORIES 1 Direct Connection Cable DCC Use the DCC to inject a signal directly via electrical contact into the target line Advantage better than 2 Ground Rod This simple accessory can be used to establish good grounding for direct connection to a line Advantage establishes better ground return when used than when not used Disadvantage must have penetrable terrain to use It OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES using inductive mode for assuring that target line is only thing energized Also eliminates air coupled
7. copy of your invoice receipt Goldak Inc s entire liability and your exclusive remedy as to the product provided subject to you returning the product to Goldak Inc or to an authorized dealer with a copy of your invoice receipt will be the repair or replacement of any defective portion of the product up to and including the entire product If Goldak Inc or an authorized dealer is unable to repair or replace the product under the terms of this warranty then the purchase price will be refunded DISCLAIMERS Goldak Inc assumes no liability pertaining to the accuracy of the results derived from the use of this product Because of the many unknowable and uncontrollable variables in locating job situations apparent results when using this product may be erroneous and should not be taken as absolute Ultimate responsibility for interpretation of all results reported by this product rests on the user alone Goldak Inc reserves the right to modify this and all of its products for the sake of improvement at all times LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN NO EVENT WILL GOLDAK INC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES INCLUDING LOSS OF PROPERTY LOST PROFITS COST OF COVER OR OTHER SPECIAL INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT OR ACCOMPANYING MATERIALS HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY THIS LIMITATION WILL APPLY EVEN IF GOLDAK INC OR AN AUTHORIZED DEALER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE YO
8. current that flow in the legs of the T 26 Distorted Field pan When tracing around junctions turns and T s in Triad LINE mode the user must understand that the 2310 Receiver displays a representation of the line being traced The 2310 Receiver is NOT an X ray machine which might depict the actual image of the line Instead it shows an intuitive representation of the line based on field measurements Because of this the line displayed will reflect the overall composite of fields present At a 90 turn for instance the display will show the turn as a line at a 45 angle relative to the supposed line direction s 6 SONDE LOCATING General Overview of Sonde Locating Basics Many times a user will want to locate and trace a line that is not capable of carrying electric current This kind of line is referred to as non conductive In the case of non conductive lines the user may insert a small often self contained transmitter that creates a locating field only around its own position Such a transmitter is often referred to as a sonde English sender These coil type transmitters emanate a magnetic field that has a well defined shape or pattern They are typically cylindrical in shape and battery operated Most often they are inserted inside a non metallic line or conduit in order to find specific locations of points within the line A common application of this technique is to find
9. of the energized line then try draping the red lead from the DCC over the pointer antenna and re attempting SCAN This will guarantee that the tracing signal will be detected After a successful scan the display will report as shown to the left Having detected a signal from an active transmitter the receiver will automatically present the SET LOCATING MODE menu To I LINE Triad pl continue follow the instructions re for setting the locating mode given rik cons on the following page of this ED manual If you are unable to SCAN successfully please refer to Appendix C Troubleshooting for more help me CANCEL SCAN Setting Frequency from the Catalog The BY CATALOG option allows the user to choose the desired receiver frequency manually from a list of pre catalogued selections To use this feature CLICK the s r icon to BY CATALOG in the menu and then CLICK HOLD Doing so will call up the catalog menu shown below Visually scan the first page of the catalog If your desired frequency is not found CLICK HOLD with the m icon pointing at lt NEXT PAGE gt and continue to search NOTE frequencies are organized from fat I NEXT PAGE lowest to highest as you advance Reo EsirHztcamera from page to page Once you have Ede ones found the desired frequency CLICK PN ET the icon to that frequency and CLICK HOLD to select it Once the frequency is selected the display will au
10. on response nulls around the line as described below a During line tracing mark the spot over the line where you desire to ET RE measure the depth Locate this spot via the null or peak method described previously It may be most Locating ee convenient to use the oe Distance NULL mode for this entire procedure b With the 2310 in NULL mode angle the receiver at about 45 relative to the ground Move the angled receiver laterally away from the line until the 7 E a response enters a null Measunng t Line e Depth by Triangulation While maintaining the 45 angle move the pointer toward and away from the pipe and narrow in on the precise null location Mark this spot c Measure the distance between the surface location above the line and the 45 null This distance is roughly equal to the depth of the line It is wise to confirm this depth measurement by performing the same procedure on the opposite side of the line If the pair of measurements is close to each other then the determined depth is probably fairly accurate If not then the accuracy is questionable A 1 2 Conventional Methods Sonde Locating Locating a Sonde by Nulls Begin by setting the locating mode to NULL as described in Chapter 4 of this manual While locating hold the 2310 Receiver vertically a In the general area of signal response walk about a 10 to 15 foot diameter circle until the ANR and bar response sharply decli
11. several ways The most common way is via the internal battery which consists of eight 8 alkaline C cells Goldak does NOT recommend using batteries of a lower capacity such as carbon cells or Ni Cad rechargeables The user will know when to replace the batteries by monitoring the LCD display on the 23X control panel When the symbol bAt intermittently flashes it is time to replace the internal battery The user may also check battery condition by pressing and holding down the PULSE button To replace the internal batteries a Make sure the transmitter is OFF b Lay the case open On the same half as the control panel you will see the battery cover held on with two captive thumb screws c Unscrew the thumb screws and remove the battery cover d Pull out the 8 cell battery module inside the cavity You may remove the entire module at the snap if this proves to be convenient Remove the eight cells and replace them with fresh ones observing proper polarity as indicated on the module itself f Replace the battery snap and lay the module into the cavity Be sure to lay the battery wires fully to the side of the module so that the module does not rest on top of the wires g Return the battery cover to its original position NOTE the battery cover can only be installed one way with the label oriented right side up Do not try to force the cover on upside down Of course the 23X Transmitter may also b
12. so now The receiver should be responding to the active signal to some degree Of course the strength of the response corresponds to the strength of the tracing current Below is a chart that will help to qualitatively determine the strength of the signal on the line to be traced ANR Condition Quality of Tracing Signal Very poor probably unusable 1 00 lt ANR lt 5 00 Weak but probably usable for short tracing distances 5 00 lt ANR lt 100 0 Fair to strong probably adequate for most tracing jobs ANR 100 s Very strong probably more than enough signal for most tracing jobs ANR 1000 s Extremely strong possibly too strong so that user may want to reduce the transmitter output Although the ANR is a useful number for estimating the strength of the tracing signal at the connection point the user should understand that conditions vary from one locating situation to another A large ANR at the connection point does not necessarily mean a long tracing distance The tracing distance always varies with ground conditions moisture mineral composition etc Likewise a small ANR at the source may actually result in a fairly long trace 48 B CARE AND MAINTENANCE B 1 Power Consumption amp Replacing Batteries B 2 Handling B 3 Inclement Weather B 4 Storage B 1 Power Consumption amp Replacing Batteries Both the 2310 Digital Receiver and the 23X Transmitter Case are designed to be completely portable
13. the exposed part of the target line see above Connect the black lead to a metallic stake that has been securely plunged into the ground The amount of current generated on the target line depends largely on the nature of this ground connection For longer traces place the ground stake as far away from the red clip as possible If little signal is required for the tracing job then the user can even leave the black lead unattached and laying on the ground some distance from the red lead This is referred to as an off ground condition d Activate the transmitter Select the operating frequency and the output level as described previously in this manual e The line is now energized Using INDUCTIVE Energizing Another common method to energize a line is by induction When the signal jacks of the Model 23X are not being used the transmitter case emits an INDUCTIVE field which when placed over the target line will energize it This method requires none of the underground line to be exposed However INDUCTIVE mode is best used on isolated lines and away from areas congested with many services and metallic objects a Make sure both SIGNAL jacks are empty and activate the transmitter b Select the operating frequency and the output level as described previously in this manual Close the latch covers on the case and position the case over the underground line so that the hinge of the case is rough
14. the location of a diagnostic camera head used in the plumbing and rooter industry Among the items of information that can be learned from locating the sonde are the depth and the direction of travel of the conduit or line The Triad 2310 Receiver employs a unique technology to determine the location of the sonde This technology allows the user to know immediately the location depth and orientation of the sonde The technology is unlike traditional peak and null methods for sonde locating in that it does not rely on the use of a directional antenna to find tell tale points around the sonde Therefore the technique is not limited by unusual or unanticipated orientations of the sonde Nonetheless it is important for the user to understand some simple guidelines First the ANR generally corresponds to the nearness of the pointer antenna to the sonde Second there is a case where the user must exercise care when locating a sonde When the sonde appears as a flat rectangle on the screen it is possible that the pointer antenna is not pointing directly at the sonde The remedy to this is found in step d of section 4 Locate the Sonde a little later in this manual How to Use and Locate A Sonde with the 2310 Receiver Sondes vary in size and shape as well as in usage As mentioned above many sondes are stand alone battery operated devices and may be of various frequencies Some sondes are powered through a wire that
15. Also found on the underside of the receiver this panel area provides plug in access for various accessories a Headset Jack Found in the middle of the panel this jack allows for an 8 ohm headset with a 3 5 mm plug to be connected When the headset is plugged in the built in speaker no longer emits a sound b Auxiliary Antenna Port With the appropriate adapter this port allows the user to connect up to two external antennas into the 2310 Receiver Some examples of such antennas are a cable clamp for identifying a specific cable among a grouping of cables and an enhanced sensitivity detection antenna Communications Port This port allows the receiver to communicate with external devices via standard RS 232 protocol d Reset This is a small pinpoint hole in the panel that allows the user to reset the 2310 s internal computer using for instance the open end of a paper clip MODEL 23X DIGITAL TRANSMITTER CASE Built into the carrying case for the Model 2310 Receiver is a powerful and versatile line energizing transmitter the Model 23X It has the capability to energize lines both by direct hook up and by an inductive field It provides flexible power level and multiple frequency options standard and custom including three for inductive energizing Also the 23X control panel provides a PULSE option for identifying the transmitting signal in difficult tracing situations A detailed description of the transmitter cas
16. I to locate NOTE CK HOLD The receiver is now ready the icon will always point at RESUME at startup making it very easy to continue with an ongoing job NEW SET UP To opt for new settings CLICK to advance the icon to NEW SET UP then CLICK HOLD The display will then immediately present the Set Frequency screen shown below SETTING THE FREQUENCY As the menu graphic to the right indicates there are three different ways to set the receiver s locating frequency by scanning for it by selecting it froma catalog or by selecting the passive mode Setting Frequency by Scanning Using the BY SCAN Option will automatically tune the 2310 Receiver to the exact frequency of the transmitting source i e Model 23X Transmitter another active line energizer a sonde or a camera head To do this hold the receiver with the pointer antenna aimed directly at the active transmitting source and held about 3 to 5 feet away from it CLICK the icon to point to BY SCAN and then CLICK HOLD You will see the word SCANNING flashing on the screen while the receiver scans for the active transmitter If SCAN fails to detect anything you will here a low pitched tone and the 2310 will return to its previous operating mode 12 When scanning for a signal that has been set up by a DIRECT connection if SCAN fails to work by holding the pointer around the supposed area
17. OUBLESHOOTING p 52 D SAFETY P 55 E GLOSSARY OF TERMS p 56 1 INTRODUCTION Since 1933 Goldak Inc has manufactured top of the line underground locating equipment With the introduction of the Triad Model 2310 Digital Locator Goldak has set a new standard in portable locators The Triad series of locators are designed with one key goal in mind to simplify underground locating tasks for the user The advanced signal detection system and state of the art digital electronics work together to make these tasks straightforward intuitive and quickly managed The battery powered Model 2310 Receiver is lightweight and ergonomically balanced and folds into a compact storage configuration Activated and controlled by a single trigger the 2310 Receiver aides the operator in locating underground lines pipes cables etc or coil type transmitters a k a sondes with easy to understand visual and audio cues Menus that are designed to be intuitive and self teaching make the Model 2310 easy to operate regardless of one s level of experience beginner to expert With features such as automatic tuning and gain control automatic depth reporting multiple frequencies constant numerical response search direction indicators and more the user will recognize that the Model 2310 Digital Locator is truly one of a kind Triad Locating System The entire locating system consists of the Model 2310 Receiver the Model 23X Transmitter Case and mi
18. U ACKNOWLEDGE THAT PURCHASE AND USE OF THIS PRODUCT REFLECTS THIS ALLOCATION OF RISK SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU GENERAL This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of California U S A In any dispute arising out of this Agreement Goldak Inc and you each consents to the jurisdiction of both the state and federal courts of Los Angeles County California U S A This Agreement is the entire agreement between us and supercedes any other communications with respect to the product and accompanying materials If any provision of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable then the remainder of this agreement shall continue in full force and effect If you have any questions please contact Goldak Inc 818 240 2666 e mail sales goldak com 547 West Arden Ave Glendale CA 91203 All trade names referenced are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holder Goldak and TRIAD Digital Locating System are trademarks of Goldak Inc AV TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION D 1 2 EQUIPMENT FEATURES pe 3 ACCESSORIES D 7 4 OPERATING DETAILS e Model 2310 Receiver peT e Model 23X Transmitter Case p 18 5 LINE TRACING p 21 6 SONDE LOCATING p 27 7 USING PEAK amp NULL MODES p 30 e APPENDICES P 33 A ADVANCED LOCATING TECHNIQUES P 35 B CARE AND MAINTENANCE P 49 C TR
19. Underground Detection Equipment MODEL TRIAD 2310 DIGITAL LOCATING SYSTEM OPERATING MANUAL Innovating Underground Locating Since 1933 SOLDAK PRODUCTS Goldak Inc 15835 Monte St Unit 104 Sylmar CA 91342 818 367 0149 www goldak com support TRIAD MODEL 2310 DIGITAL LOCATING SYSTEM OPERATING MANUAL Copyright 2004 Goldak Inc All rights reserved PRODUCT USAGE AGREEMENT By using this product and its associated materials provided by Goldak Inc the user agrees to the following terms LIMITED WARRANTY The electronic instrumentation and accompanying materials are provided as is with a limited warranty of one 1 year on material defects and workmanship There is no warranty provided or implied regarding the merchantability and fitness of this product for a particular purpose Goldak Inc does NOT warrant that the features and capabilities of this product will meet your requirements or that operation of this product will be uninterrupted or error free The entire risk as to the use quality and performance of this product is with you the user Should the product prove to be defective you and not Goldak Inc assume the entire cost of any necessary repair However Goldak Inc DOES warrant that the electronic instrumentation provided is furnished free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of one 1 year from the date of delivery to you as evidenced by a
20. asily induce signal into adjacent lines they often energize lines and structures besides the user s intended target Lower frequencies on the other hand are poor at inducing a tracing signal But their weakness is also their strength They are much better at energizing only the target line without the concern of induction slopover Audio frequencies often require greater amounts of power for long distance tracing jobs Low frequencies are well suited for insulated lines which have relatively high impedance to ground Wrapped lines and tracer wires fall into this category As mentioned above although these guidelines apply in many situations nothing is absolute Tracing conditions will vary from job site to job site However the Triad Locating System puts many options at your fingertips to address any locating situation you might face A 5 Explanation of the OVERHEAD Report In general the Model 2310 reports OVERHEAD when it calculates that the field source is closer to the receiver chassis than it is to the pointer head In practice in a real world locating situation the OVERHEAD report can mean several things Obviously the OVERHEAD report can mean that the line or sonde being sought is literally overhead with respect to the receiver For example during an indoor line trace it can mean that the line is actually in the ceiling instead of the floor If this is the case the user need only swing the receiver 180 to achieve t
21. ating Receiver requires eight 8 alkaline AA cells to operate Carbon batteries are NOT recommended The user will know that the batteries need to be replaced with fresh ones when the battery fuel gauge icon in the lower right corner of the display is completely empty Although the 2310 will probably still function properly for a little while under a low battery condition it is recommended to assure that the batteries are sound for best results To replace the batteries a Make sure the 2310 Receiver is OFF b With the receiver in the fully extended position remove the battery cover on the underside of the unit Place the base of your palm on the tail end of the chassis and two or three fingers into the grip cavity of the battery cover 49 c Pull the battery cover toward the chassis tail and it will pop out of the battery cavity d Remove the four cells in the battery cover and the four cells in the chassis and replace them with new ones observing the polarity markings molded into the plastic e Reinstall the battery cover sliding in the guide tab and pressing down on the base of the cover at both corners The cover should pop and resettle into its original position f Activate the 2310 to make sure that the batteries are properly installed and that the internal spring contacts are properly connected Replacing the Batteries in the 23X Transmitter The Model 23X Transmitter Case can be powered
22. attached to a fish tape and fed down empty conduit lines However it can be used in a number of applications c The Model 3330 Tape On is a watertight roughly cylindrical transmitter designed to attach piggyback on a sewer rod sewer snake hydro cleaner or camera reel d The Model 3340 Navigator is the largest and most powerful of the insertable transmitters and z is typically used in city main sewer lines e The Model SR 116K is a small but powerful transmitter that is designed to provide greater flexibility in locating jobs while maintaining good locating range Designed for in line attachment sewer snakes push rods etc the SR 116K is streamlined to go where AAAA many other transmitting awe sondes cannot Headset The 2310 Receiver includes a 3 5 mm jack to accommodate this accessory an 8 Q walkman style headset Other headsets with compatiple plugs and ohmages may also be used 6 External AC Power Supply This two prong AC wall socket adapter that supplies unlimited power to the 23X Transmitter This is especially useful when the 23X drives heavy loads at audio frequencies for long duration Specs Input 120 VAC 60 Hz 22 W Output 15 VDC 1 Amp Plug dimension 2 5x5 5 mm Car Battery Adapter An external power supply cable that plugs into a standard automobile cigarette lighter socket Fully extended it is 12 feet in length and comes with the 2 5 mm plug
23. auses the ANR and the bar response to increase b Continue walking until the signal response sharply decreases so that suddenly no signal is detected At this point you have found a null indicating that the pointer is directly above the buried line c As you continue walking in the same direction the response will sharply increase Swing the receiver back over the original null spot As you do the 2310 will automatically adjust itself to respond with the sharpest possible null 36 d Having narrowed the null to a single location under the pointer antenna mark that spot on the ground Now move away from that spot in order to locate other spots on the ground As you locate the path of other null spots you will be tracing the course of the line Tracing by Peaks To trace using signal peaks set the locating mode to PEAK according to the instructions given in Chapter 4 Hold the receiver approximately vertical when using PEAK mode When PEAK mode is selected the user will notice the horizontal flashing arrow inside the pointer icon in the upper right hand corner of the display This indicates that the receiver will respond to fields in the horizontal direction a b c MARKS LOCATION OF MAXIMUM SIGNAL PEAK pa ele omar tin o y i I et r os 3 Med Su m ve 3 p dn Bj ona E MAS ORES Yee AG Tracing a Line Using PEAK Mode oe Prag N in cha UA pr pf part
24. because there are many possible sources of audio frequency field interference in typical locating environments Among these sources of interference are equipment power supplies such as are in computers and monitors power transformers and power transmission lines that carry large currents Another example of a source that can cause white noise frequency components in all ranges is an active dimmer switch in a home lighting system One symptom of significant interference is erratic behavior of the cylindrical icon in SONDE mode The icon may flash on and off the screen intermittently or jump around the center inconsistently If this occurs we recommend the user to try the following 1 Reduce the volume or 2 use a headset via the headset jack on the underside of the 2310 In high interference situations it may be helpful or even necessary to use the PEAK or NULL mode and to use conventional locating techniques triangulation etc Refer to section A 1 of this appendix for more about conventional locating methods 46 A 7 Using PEAK Mode and the Absolute Numeric Response ANR in Congested Areas Often a user will find himself performing a locating job in a congested area in which multiple lines in a confined space all carry the tracing signal in varying amounts Common examples of this are directly beneath an electrical panel beside a transformer with an inlet and multiple outlets a phone pedestal or a soft copper manifold
25. ce the line and 3 Pinpoint the line Before a line can be traced it must carry a current at the frequency of interest A line that carries a tracing current is referred to as being energized Following here are a few typical methods of introducing a current into a line 21 Using DIRECT Conductive Energizing The most common method to energize a line is via DIRECT connection in which the user injects the signal from the active transmitter output into the line using a connection cable To energize a line by DIRECT hook up the user should first make sure that there is an accessible electrically exposed part of the line to which to connect This could be a metallic water riser or the bare end of a tracer wire for instance Also the user should make sure that the line does not present a high voltage relative to ground at the exposed point or any other condition that might be hazardous to the equipment or to oneself Red Lead to Black Lead Conductive Line to Ground Rod hi A n S RPSN D MESTI Sr a ee EE ia i f gu ald ae EAA AG raet Rs ag Ke Lay SAARE ag ae Nth Derg a aars s mih KONN pa Le NG he AT EN z Follow these steps to energize the line via DIRECT connection a Before turning on the transmitter insert the plug of a DCC into a SIGNAL jack SIGNAL 1 jack preferred Set the case near the exposed part of the target line as shown above b Attach the red clip lead to
26. ced vertically 56 Passive In the locating industry this refers to lines that are energized without user intervention Most often a line becomes passively energized because it is carrying powerline 60 Hz current Peak Conventionally used method of location in which the relative maximum signal around the target is used to locate it For the Model 2310 PEAK mode is directional reference to the side to side direction of the pointer antenna Scan The feature of the 2310 Receiver that allows the user to automatically tune to an active transmitting source Signal That which emerges from energized targets and is used to identify the target being located Sonde Lit sender Commonly accepted industry name for any coil type transmitter Sondes are more often than not self contained and battery operated Receiver Another term for the portable instrument locator that is used to search for energized targets Target The object that is being located Transmitter Anything that generates an active locating signal Triangulation The method of using well defined tell tale locations around a transmitting target to make measurements The locations and measurements are then used to calculate the location and the depth of the target Trigger The gun style switch that controls the Model 2310 Receiver 5
27. e features follows 2 a 5 amp U DC POWER IN PULSE is included for compatibility with receivers other than the 2310 It should NOT be used with the Model 2310 Receiver 4 DESCRIPTION OF FEATURES MODEL 23X TRANSMITTER Control Panel This panel located under the left latch cover of the case contains all of the buttons used to activate and control the transmitter Also located on this panel is the LCD display which reports the mode the frequency the output level and other information ON Button Press this to activate the transmitter OFF Button Press this to deactivate the transmitter Select Button This button advances the adjustment mode Up Button This button advances to the next highest setting e g frequency or power level Down Button This button selects the next lowest setting pa PULSE Button Press this button to cause the signal to pulse see note on previous page Hold the button for 2 seconds to display the status of the internal battery 2 Output Panel Located under the right latch cover this panel contains three jacks that are used for signal output and power input S Direct Output Jacks These are labeled SIGNAL 1 and SIGNAL 2 The jacks are for standard 1 4 mono phone plugs typically on a Direct Connection Cable The SIGNAL 1 jack when used by itself outputs twice the standard signal level of the SIGNAL 2 jack When used in conjunction with the
28. e of the line You have now located two end nulls so called because they are found off of the ends of the sonde Draw a straight line through the two end nulls Assuming the sonde rests in a roughly horizontal position underground the intersection of the two lines will mark the surface location directly above the sonde Determining Sonde Depth by Triangulation Once the surface location of a sonde has been established using the null method the operator may determine depth by triangulation To do this set the locating mode to PEAK As before hold the receiver vertically during this procedure a b Position the receiver so that the pointer is directly above the surface location and orient it so that the end null line runs side to side Move the receiver to the right or left along the end null line until a null is detected Narrow in on the null spot and mark it Now move the receiver the opposite direction along the end null line to mark the accompanying null spot You have located the depth nulls 39 0 Measure the distance between the two depth nulls Multiply this surface measurement by 0 707 71 to calculate the depth of the transmitter If the depth nulls are evenly spaced about the surface location of the sonde then this calculated depth is very accurate If they are not evenly spaced or you cannot even find both depth nulls then the calculated depth is not accurate Surface Depth 707 x Measurement
29. e powered via the external DC power jack The user may then use a car battery source an AC wall source or a high capacity rechargeable source Refer to any instructions that may have come with these accessories to understand their care and maintenance requirements 5O B 2 B 3 B 4 Handling The 2310 Receiver and 23X Transmitter are both ruggedly constructed and resistant to damage from shock Nonetheless they should be handled with care as should all electronic instruments To prevent exposing the receiver to excessive shock the operator should avoid striking objects with the pointer antenna or chassis body Likewise the receiver should not be intentionally dropped from any distance onto a hard surface Also avoid piling very heavy articles on top of the receiver It is always best to return the receiver to its storage case when you are done using it Although the 23X Transmitter Case is very rugged one should always refrain from throwing or dropping it Keep the latch covers closed at all times while the Triad system is not in use Inclement Weather Both the 2310 Receiver and 23X Transmitter are water resistant not water proof Therefore neither instrument should be submerged in water although they can be used in wet conditions Also although the circuitry is rated to operate from to 4 F to 158 F extreme temperatures are not ideal conditions for usage It is preferable to operate the Triad Locating System in c
30. ectly energize two separate lines at the same time at different frequencies of course Although this feature is available to the user the user must exercise care when using it Not all job situations lend themselves to dual energizing The network of underground utilities in any given area may be convoluted For example it is not unusual for gas and water utilities to be somehow electrically connected It is very common for electrical services to be grounded to another utility like water A few simple rules should be applied to determine whether using dual energizing is feasible a Check to make sure that the target lines are not electrically connected Using an ohmmeter check the resistance from line to line Measure from the exposed area of one line to the exposed area of the other line If you measure a low resistance then dual energizing will not work Instead both lines will be energized at both frequencies b Try to energize the lines with lower frequencies Using low 33 KHz and lower frequencies will prevent induction slopover or cross talk between lines c Use an appropriate output level for the tracing situation Applying an excessive amount of power to the target lines can cause signal flooding It is recommended to start at the lowest output level 10 and then increase it if more power is needed for the trace 43 A 4 Optimizing the Use of the Multi Frequency Capability The Model 23X Transmitter and the M
31. ed on both ends of the run Preferably this wire will have some kind of attachment clip on at least one end of it Also the target line needs to be electrically exposed on both ends of the intended tracing run 41 a b c d e f Plug a direct connection cable DCO into one of the DIRECT output jacks of the 23X transmitter Attach the red clip of the DCC to one exposed end of the target line Attach the black clip of the DCC to one exposed end of the insulated wire Uncoil the wire and walk the other exposed end of the wire to the other exposed area of the target line Clip the second end of the wire to the second exposed portion of the target line NOTE IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE WIRE BE LAID AWAY FROM THE SUSPECTED PATH OF THE TARGET LINE BECAUSE THE WIRE ITSELF WILL CARRY A TRACING CURRENT Activate the transmitter case and select an appropriate frequency It is recommended that this frequency be 8 KHz or lower The target line should now be energized Proceed with the locating job as you normally would However as mentioned above understand that the looping wire itself will be energized so that care should be taken not to trace that instead of the target line onlyinloop 48 A 3 Energizing Two Lines at the Same Time As a matter of convenience the Model 23X Transmitter Case has been designed with two DIRECT output ports SIGNAL 1 and SIGNAL 2 Having two ports enables the user to dir
32. ed bathtubs pools a flooded basement Avoid placing the receiver or transmitter on a precarious support where it may fall and get damaged or injure someone To reduce the risk of personal electrical shock and damage to the equipment avoid connecting the energizing cables to live power or phone lines Avoid touching non insulated wires on power or telephone systems Also it is best to connect disconnect the energizing cables while the transmitter is OFF Avoid doing locating jobs or working with pipes or cables in a lightning storm 55 E GLOSSARY OF TERMS ANR Absolute Numeric Response The number in the upper left corner of the Triad 2310 Receiver display which indicates the amount of signal being received referenced to an absolute internal scale The number always corresponds to the absolute physical strength of the signal being received and ranges from 0 00 to 15000 0 dynamic range gt 110 dB Conductive In general the ability of an object to carry an electrical current In line tracing conductive refers to any line that can carry a current typically metallic Also conductive refers to the method of energizing a line via direct connection Current A physical quantity that indicates the rate of electron flow ina conductive line DCC Acronym that stands for Direct Connection Cable which is used to energize a line via electrical contact Energizing Causing a line to carry a tracing current Normally
33. ers and monitors dimmer switches industrial equipment etc If these measures do not remedy the problem try using the 2310 in one of the conventional modes PEAK or NULL The 2310 seems unable to SCAN properly to an active transmitter Symptom Probable Cause Solution SCAN results in low e Transmitter is not emitting a e Make sure battery is good and is pitched tone with no signal Either the battery is dead properly installed in transmitting result 52 or inserted backward or there is no unit battery e Hold the pointer at a distance of 2 e Pointer is too far away from to 4 feet from the transmitter and transmitting sonde retry SCAN SCAN resulted ina frequency other than that of the known transmitter frequency Receiver does not SCAN to camera head SCAN results ina frequency other than the known frequency of the camera head e g 512 HZ Transmitter is properly connected to line but SCAN resulted in low pitched tone SCAN resulted ina frequency other than that of the known transmitter setting Pointer antenna is too close to the transmitter Either the camera head does not have a built in 512 Hz transmitter or the transmitter is not active The pointer antenna might be too close to the actual camera head instead of the transmitting sonde The camera head itself may emit high frequency interference ata close range The line in question probably is not carrying a sufficient a
34. ey are lines or sondes present well defined response points around the object By using a directional antenna an experienced operator can easily find these points and is then able to accurately determine location and depth of the object from the information obtained The PEAK and NULL modes have been included among the features of the Model 2310 Receiver in order to allow an operator to perform locations using conventional methods To use these modes effectively the operator MUST become familiar with conventional techniques A simple primer on these techniques follows here Although the information here is not exhaustive by any means it suffices for most locating jobs A 1 1 Conventional Methods Line Tracing Tracing by Nulls To trace by nulls the operator must first set the locating mode to NULL as described in Chapter 4 of this manual Once this mode is selected the receiver should be held roughly vertical while searching The user will notice the flashing vertical arrow inside the pointer icon in the upper right corner of the display This indicates that the receiver will respond to fields in the vertical direction MARKS LOCATION OF NO SIGNAL NULL 7 Ss 4 gt Wa ins z 4 Oe aa ae A g 7 44 3 E f t v t MAd I i i 7 dim J S Tracing a Line Using NULL Mod Phy ad UN De va AR nt p A 7 a In the general area of the energized line walk in whatever direction c
35. g used the word DIRECT will be indicated at the top of the display screen When neither jack is being used the word INDUCTIVE will appear at the top of the display If the user wishes to use the INDUCTIVE feature to energize a line he should make sure both SIGNAL jacks are empty Once the transmitter is set up activate it by pressing and holding the o button until the display flashes the word On Then release the button After On flashes the current firmware version is displayed e g 1 0 1 Then the transmitter will completely activate displaying the active operating frequency Selecting a Locating Frequency To select an operating frequency the transmitter must be in frequency adjustment mode This mode is selected if either Hz or KHz is displayed on the right half of the display screen If frequency mode is not selected use the Select button amp to advance to this mode Use the or button to select a higher or lower frequency respectively To the right is a typical screen one would see while adjusting the frequency Setting Output Level To set the output power level the transmitter must be in power level adjustment mode This mode is selected if the Y OUTPUT label is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen If this mode is not selected use the Select button to advance to it Then use the Up or Down button to select a higher or lower output level The availab
36. h a job Another disadvantage is that the receiver does not provide an automatic depth report in PEAK or NULL mode On the other hand the user may wish to determine the depth of a target using conventional triangulation techniques For these PEAK and NULL mode are not only useful but also recommended Please see Appendix A for more about this 31 32 AV APPENDICES AV 34 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 ADVANCED LOCATING TECHNIQUES AV Conventional Locating Using Peak And Null Modes A 1 1 Conventional Methods Line Tracing Tracing By Nulls Tracing By Peaks Determining Line Depth Using Triangulation A 1 2 Conventional Methods Sonde Locating e Locating a Sonde by Nulls Determining Sonde Depth Using Triangulation e Locating a Sonde by Peaking Alternative Methods to Energize A Line for Tracing A 2 1 Using A Gc 2 Inductive Clamp A 2 2 Creating A Tracing Loop Energizing Two Lines at the Same Time Optimizing the Use of the Multi Frequency Capability Explanation of the OVERHEAD Report Helpful Hints While Locating around Sources of Interference Using PEAK Mode and the ANR in Congested Areas Using the ANR to Determine Signal Strength on an Energized Line 35 A 1 Conventional Locating Using Peak And Null Modes At times the operator may wish to locate with traditional methods that have been used in the locating industry for decades These methods exploit the fact that energized objects whether th
37. he correct result The OVERHEAD report could also mean that competing fields are present Competing fields come from sources other than the intended target They can result from external interference Also they can emanate from lines that have been unintentionally energized by induction slopover In this case swinging the receiver 180 may not result in any improvement to the locating result Finally the 2310 Receiver may report OVERHEAD when there simply is not much signal available with which to work The better the signal strength the better the receiver is able to perform its job The receiver may have difficultly making accurate calculations in a low signal situation Also it is very likely for competing fields to be present in a low signal situation In such cases the user is encouraged to improve the strength of the transmitter signal if possible For instance this may be done during a line tracing job by moving the energizing point closer to the area where the line is being traced 45 A 6 Helpful Hints while Locating around Sources of Interference If while locating you experience difficulty pinpointing the targeted transmitter it is likely that you are in an area of excessive interference Interference originates from sources other than your transmitting device that emit frequency components at or near the frequency of the transmitter For instance audio frequency settings like 512 Hz can be susceptible to interference
38. in the active menu control strip Mastering the trigger functions is not difficult and knowing them is essential in using the receiver efficiently For your convenience these instructions for trigger usage are summarized on the triangular serial number label on the underside of the 2310 Receiver Preparing to Use the Receiver When removed from the case the 2310 Receiver will be in its a compact storage configuration To unfold it b swing the lower antenna arm ina clockwise direction 180 about the swivel until it is fully extended in its operating position Activation To turn on the Receiver simply CLICK the trigger Upon startup the receiver display will momentarily present the Goldak logo The logo screen will scroll open and the following control screen will be presented 11 fa DO WHAT fe PRESUME f i NEW SET UP At the top of the screen you will see a memory strip indicating the most recent device set up i e that was used on the previous locating job At this time you may either continue to locate with the stored settings RESUME or opt for new settings NEW SET UP Notice that a small timer icon appears in the upper right corner of the screen When this graphic times out any active menu will be removed from the screen and the receiver will return to its original operating settings To RESUME Verify that the icon is pointing at RESUME in the startup menu then CL
39. ing target becomes centered under the crosshair the estimated depth will appear automatically and remain as long as the target remains centered Depth Accuracy Report This is the receiver s estimate of how accurate it deems the calculated depth report In general the closer the depth accuracy number is to 0 000 the more accurate the receiver s programming deems the depth report to be However the user should be cautious when using this indicator because it is a fuzzy estimate Also it is always recommended that depth estimates be verified by some other means if possible One way of verifying depth is by triangulation This and other techniques for ascertaining depth accurately are discussed in Appendix A of this manual In practice it has been found that the depth accuracy report tends to be worst case that is the depth report will often be more accurate than the depth accuracy number seems to indicate Frequency Mode Indicator The current frequency and locating mode being used alternately flashes in the lower left corner at all times 15 Crosshair Just as might be expected for a targeting or locating device the horizontal and vertical crosshairs aide the user in positioning the pointer antenna directly at the target in question Battery Indicator This icon in the lower right corner constantly reports the status of the 8 AA batteries powering the receiver It should be seen as a fuel guage When
40. lash bAt automatically when it is time to replace the batteries 19 20 5 LINE TRACING General Overview of Line Locating Basics More often than not underground pipelines and cables are located and traced by sensing invisible fields around the line Such fields are typically created by an active transmitting device which connects to an access point on the target line and causes electrical current to flow in the line Wherever a current flows in a line an associated field is present as well The Triad 2310 Receiver like traditional locating receivers that have been used for decades responds to the magnetic field associated with an electric current that is travelling along the path of the line The shape of this field is cylindrical with the center of the cylinder being the 1 Energize the line current carrying line itself The receiver determines the location of the actual line based on measurements made by the detection antennas In the case of a pipeline or cable or other conductive line the receiver reports in an intuitive way the location of the line relative to the pointer head When the receiver is held such that the virtual line on the screen is centered under the crosshair the line will be located directly under the pointer head How to Trace A Line With the 2310 Receiver Typically there are three steps involved in line tracing 1 Energize the line 2 Search Tra
41. le output levels are 10 25 50 and 100 To the left is a typical screen one would see while adjusting the output level 18 Using the PULSE button This button will cause the output signal to pulse but will function this way only if the transmitter is in frequency adjustment mode Also the PULSE button applies only to whichever SIGNAL jack is currently selected on the screen If the 23X is in INDUCTIVE mode the PULSE setting applies to this mode only If PULSE is already active then pressing the PULSE button again will deactivate it That is the PULSE button toggles the status of the pulsing function NOTE Using the PULSE feature with the Model 2310 Receiver is NOT recommended It has been included for the sake of compatibility with older receivers Checking the Status of the Internal Battery Usually the 23X transmitter will be powered from the internal 12 Volt C Cell module Because a battery has a limited lifetime the user may want to check its status during operation To do this hold down the PULSE button for 2 seconds and keep holding it The display will alternate flashing bAt and a number from o to 100 that represents the life of the battery The higher the number the greater the amount of energy left in the battery at the current setting As the number approaches zero 0 the user should consider replacing the batteries with fresh ones Even if the user does not check the battery status the LCD will f
42. ly in line with the target line Also it is recommended that the transmitter case be turned so that the hinge axis is offset about 15 from the supposed direction of the underground line d The line is now energized PASSIVE Energizing Finally the user should be aware that some lines are always energized An example of this kind of line is a power line Power lines that are actively in service constantly carry AC current This current is typically at a frequency of 60 Hz with harmonic components at multiples of 60 Hz i e 120 Hz 180 Hz 240 Hz etc In Europe this 23 2 frequency is 50 Hz plus 100 Hz 150 Hz etc Commonly power services are grounded to other services such as water Because of this any line that is so grounded also carries power line currents A line that has been energized like this is often referred to as being passively energized There are other methods of energizing a line that serve well in special locating situations Please refer to Appendix A Advanced Locating Techniques for more Search Trace the Line Once the target line has been energized do the following a Activate the 2310 Receiver and select the frequency either BY SCAN or BY CATALOG as described previously in this manual b In SET LOCATING MODE select LINE Triad PEAK mode may also be used but the following instructions will not apply c With the receiver held app
43. mount of current for the receiver to detect and SCAN for the signal The energized line is carrying a large signal current which is flooding the receiver detection circuitry Troubleshooting for the 23X Transmitter Case Problem Hold the pointer antenna at least 2 or 3 feet away from the transmitting sonde and retry SCAN Verify that the camera does in fact have a built in transmitting sonde If so make sure the sonde is activated from the television unit Hold the receiver with the pointer 2 to 4 feet away from the camera and point toward the back of the spring head rather than toward the tip of the camera head and retry SCAN Increase the output level of the transmitter If this still does not work the line to be traced may not be conductive and cannot be traced via a signal current Try setting frequency BY CATALOG to see if a signal can be detected and traced at all Do any of the following e Decrease the output level of the transmitter e Bring the pointer further away from the target line and retry SCAN e Manually set the frequency BY CATALOG The 23X Transmitter does not activate e The internal batteries may be weak Try replacing them e Make sure that you hold the ON button for at least a second during startup Problem line via a DIRECT output jack The 23X Transmitter activates but does not seem to energize a e Make sure the DCC is sound Check for continuity from the
44. ne At the location of decline null swing the pointer back a forth slowly in order to narrow the null spot Mark the spot of the null b Now walk a rough circle perhaps 5 to 8 feet in diameter The receiver should detect a second null away from the first null Mark this spot You have now located two side nulls so called because they are found 38 c d e to the side of the transmitting sonde Draw a straight line through these two null spots Next set the locating mode to PEAK and hold the receiver vertical and rotated so that the line just drawn through the side nulls is oriented side to side with respect to the receiver Also the receiver should be offset forward or back from the line through the side null marks Pr aa Pay PG a c5 po 3 3 s a EE ar gt Side Nulls BE sr DEE Use NULL mode J gt foot p oP Tredsinlttidg Se Ree te ores x Sonde _ ey A lt a i and x j any tA A gt Jer eer ee FE gt a aF E ws 4 Gul h lt gt PG lt x Be EP o p 4 oF ene A r Z A m fae Pp eee AN ae Ser op Me Se eee ee Apra A s p De Lap the monies gt y Nulls ox i et FA F TTENE TN es ae uae With the receiver thus oriented walk side to side and search for another null Once you have located and marked the null on one side of the first line mark the accompanying null on the other sid
45. odel 2310 Receiver are equipped with a wide variety of frequency and power output options This is so in order to address the variety of conditions encountered in actual line tracing situations A user might best energize one type of utility with a low frequency anda high output power Another type of utility might be better suited to a high frequency and lower power and so on Becoming familiar with the basic techniques for optimizing a trace will enable the user to best exploit the flexible capabilities of the Triad Locating System Many line tracing situations will differ from one another and an operator will acquire expert knowledge of what works best only by use and experience However following here are a few general guidelines to get the user started Higher frequencies RF have a tendency to travel further while requiring less power to do so They are well suited for direct burial lines which typically have relatively low impedance to ground Compared to low audio frequencies high frequencies can operate with a less solid ground In fact RF frequencies are often used to energize off ground in which the ground lead is allowed to float to provide a soft ground return Higher frequencies are excellent for introducing a signal into a line without any contact point whatsoever inductive energizing One disadvantage of using RF frequencies is that of induction slopover Their strength is also their weakness Because RF frequencies so e
46. oe by the 23X DC input panel Like the AC power supply above it is recommended to be used in low frequency high output applications 8 Accessory Bag A canvas pouch 9 that mounts neatly on the outside face of the transmitting case This bag provides flexible and easily accessible storage for all of your instrument accessories Alternate Antenna Adapter This special adapter plugs into the antenna port on the underside of the 2310 Receiver It converts the port input to two standard 1 4 jacks that may be used for a variety of special applications 10 4 OPERATING DETAILS MODEL 2310 RECEIVER Trigger Usage The first important step in learning how to use the 2310 Locating Receiver is to understand and master the simple functions of the gun style trigger Having learned the two basic trigger commands the user will be well on the way to properly and efficiently using this locator The trigger functions much like the button on a computer mouse The two trigger commands are CLICK and CLICK HOLD To CLICK pull and quickly release the trigger In general a CLICK will turn the Receiver on and off when no menus are active also when a menu or control strip is active a CLICK will always advance to the next choice on the menu or control strip To CLICK HOLD pull the trigger and hold it in until the desired action takes place this takes a half second or so CLICK HOLD always chooses the highlighted choice
47. ogether e g a soft copper manifold or an electrical panel manifold In this situation as the user approaches the 30 congested area he will find that switching the mode to PEAK will enhance his ability to isolate individual lines more succinctly and with less confusion Appendix A Also the PEAK mode tends to be more sensitive requiring less available signal to perform its function Therefore the user will often be able to increase overall tracing distance in PEAK mode as compared to Triad Line mode Thus switching to PEAK mode from Triad Line mode enables the user to trace further without having to change the connection point used to energize the line Sonde Locating As with line tracing using PEAK mode while locating a sonde will provide greater detection depth In Triad SONDE mode the cylindrical sonde icon will tend to become less consistent and harder to pinpoint at greater depths In this situation the user can switch to PEAK mode Again because PEAK mode requires less available signal than Triad mode to perform its function using it will allow the user to locate the sonde at a significantly greater depth Disadvantages of Using PEAK NULL Modes The obvious disadvantage of using PEAK or NULL mode is that it does not present the same kind of graphic as the Triad modes to assist in visually locating a target Thus to use PEAK NULL modes requires the user to understand conventional locating techniques in order to accomplis
48. onditions ranging from several degrees below freezing 14 F to about 120 F Storage As an absolute range the Triad System may be stored in temperatures ranging from 40 F to 250 F That is storing the system in temperature conditions outside this range may irreparably damage the product Also the system may be stored in relative humidity conditions up to 95 non condensing However just as there are recommended usage conditions so also there are desirable storage conditions Ideally the product should be stored in a cool dry place freezing to 100 F low humidity The user should also understand that storing the system in extreme conditions is also not desirable from an operating viewpoint For instance suppose the system is stored in the trunk of the vehicle on a very hot day The temperature inside the trunk could easily reach over 200 F Although the product will not be damaged by these conditions it also will not operate properly right out of the trunk The reason is that 200 F exceeds the operating temperature of the product In fact the circuitry has built in protection to prevent it from activating in a dangerously overheated condition The user will have to allow the product to cool down to the ambient temperature before using it Therefore it is better to store the product within the operating temperature range in the first place 51 C TROUBLESHOOTING The following is a simple guide intended to instr
49. physical features of the 2310 Receiver DESCRIPTION OF FEATURES MODEL 2310 RECEIVER o Q Display A sharp high contrast LCD screen that provides visual feedback to the user during set up and locating operations Pistol Grip and Trigger The pistol grip is molded for comfort and positioned for ergonomic balance while operating the 2310 Receiver The trigger is positioned comfortably for gun style operation The trigger is the only control feature on the entire instrument Please read Operating Details for more information about using the trigger Speaker The speaker provides strong audio feedback to the user during operation The volume of the speaker output is user controlled Folding Antenna Arm While being operated the receiver is configured in a slender balanced package that is easy to wield This is the unfolded position To store the receiver it must first be collapsed folded To do this the antenna arm swings around the swivel point 180 to the folded position Pointer Antenna Mounted on the end of the folding arm is the pointer antenna so called because it effectively points directly at the object being located Battery Compartment Found on the underside of the receiver this easy access spring loaded compartment houses the power supply for the 2310 Receiver The receiver requires eight 8 AA size alkaline batteries to operate carbon batteries NOT recommended Connection Panel
50. ps the line has no electrically exposed access point or it is bundled with a number of other lines making it hard to energize using the normal inductive method The Model GC 2 inductive clamp makes it possible to induce a signal into a specific line without significantly energizing surrounding lines Also because the clamp works inductively using it requires no electrically exposed portion of the line Current flows only 3 along line meg by Passer GERE ASK Ss NEES gt p a EN fan aaa een N a i P N N re HN i NT PRAT Mg a ef EL ete r AS SN ANSE st He BEG K AS ee J Mi ny nA hang 4 ES s N y A DN Beene EA S w Ag LS TN pa as To use the GC 2 Clamp simply plug it into one of the DIRECT output jacks SIGNAL 1 or SIGNAL 2 and encircle the target line with the clamp Activate the 23X transmitter and select the tracing frequency It is recommended to use the clamp with RF frequencies only 33 KHz and higher Only the line s enclosed inside the clamp will be energized Once the line is energized with the GC 2 proceed with the locating job as you normally would A 2 2 Creating A Tracing Loop A very effective way to isolate a single line for tracing is to construct a loop A loop is simply a closed circuit which allows current to flow only along the desired target line To set up a loop the user needs a long insulated wire run electrically expos
51. receiver requires a few moments to arrive at its most accurate result Hold the receiver steady over the underground line until the depth report has stabilized reporting Hold the receiver vertically and center the on screen line under the crosshair between the centering lines Within a second the depth of the line will be reported in the upper right corner of the screen Below the depth the receiver indicates what it interprets to be the accuracy of the depth report An accuracy report close to 0 000 implies more confidence in the depth estimate than otherwise 25 Potential Causes of Error During Line Tracing It is important for the user to understand potential causes of error when locating a line The most common reason for error is that of competing fields that is fields generated by currents from sources other than the target line These competing fields distort the assumed cylindrical shape so that measurements made by the receiver may not necessarily correspond exactly to the desired target line This can cause errors in not only the apparent location of the line but also its calculated depth Fortunately the 2310 Receiver reports an accuracy estimate with the depth report If the reported accuracy is poor then the depth readout is probably unreliable and the reported location may be questionable as well At a T the behavior of the displayed line will depend on the relative amounts of
52. red clip to the center of the plug and from the black lead to the outside of the plug Also make sure that there is no short between the red and black leads e Make sure the DCC is properly inserted into the output jack e Make sure the line to be energized is conductive and traceable Problem The 23X Transmitter does not seem to energize a line inductively e Make sure the output jacks are empty 53 e Check the transmission from the case itself using the 2310 receiver There should be direct air transmission at close proximity say within 8 feet Problem The 23X suddenly turns OFF during tracing or when a control button is pressed e The internal batteries are weak even though the bAt symbol may not yet be flashing on the display Either try to use the 23X at a lower power level or replace the batteries 54 D SAFETY AV IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Be sure to read these instructions before operating your Triad Locating System When using any electronic equipment and when working around pipelines cables and associated fixtures one should always follow basic safety precautions to minimize the risk of fire electric shock or other personal injury It is recommended that the operator Read and understand these and all related safety instructions Attend to all warnings marked on this and related products Avoid as much as possible using this and other electronic equipment near water e g fill
53. roximately vertical walk away from the hook up point of the transmitter perhaps 10 feet or so Walk a its DN MG ee SAA gt RY Seat AT Nios Vo Lie PAX i P Es bea i A gs e Aa KUIN A AN X pA ra ry i r 4 AEE Bie AF ot alt WA dr NER ee k ER de Ba or eS tm a eg P i circle around the hook up point When the pointer head crosses over the line the receiver will make a distinct alert sound crossover sound This with graphic feedback on the LCD display indicates the direction that the line is travelling away from the hook up point You will notice that a line is graphically presented on the display and that the direction of the line on the screen corresponds with the direction of the actual underground line Also the position of the line on the screen indicates the position of the underground line relative to the pointer head d Continue to walk away from the hook up point keeping the line on the screen under the center crosshair If you wish you may wag the pointer head side to side this will cause the crossover alert to sound off as you walk along the line and helps you to trace without watching the screen 3 Pinpoint the Line Location The user will notice during tracing that the on screen line can be centered at any time and that a depth typically is displayed within a second or so So to pinpoint the underground line a b 0 When the depth the
54. runs down a snake or a pushrod Still others are integrated into more elaborate devices like diagnostic pipeline cameras 27 Regardless of the type of sonde used there are four basic steps when using the 2310 Receiver with a sonde 1 Activate the sonde 2 Tune the receiver to the sonde 3 Feed the sonde into the pipe or conduit to be located and 4 Locate the sonde 1 2 3 Activate the sonde Typically to activate the sonde requires simply to install the battery into the sonde If the sonde device is built into a sewer camera head or attached to the end of a pushrod please consult the instructions given by the manufacturer of the sonde to learn how to activate it Tune the receiver to the sonde Set the receiver frequency to that of the sonde by using either BY SCAN or BY CATALOG in the SET FREQUENCY menu Of course using the scanning feature is recommended as it is the most convenient and will enable the user to use the sonde even if its frequency is unknown Once the receiver frequency is set be sure to select SONDE Triad from the SET LOCATING MODE menu If you prefer you may also select PEAK or NULL to perform traditional locating tasks see Appendix A Advanced Locating Techniques Feed the sonde into the pipe conduit Sondes are commonly used for sewer pipe location work In this case feed the sonde on a snake or pushrod through a clean out sewer vent
55. scellaneous accessories The standard accessories included with the basic system are a direct connection cable DCC a ground rod and operating instructions Optional accessories are numerous and can be purchased to perform specific kinds of jobs Before you get started It is important that the operator become familiar with this manual and with other basic safety recommendations Appendix D prior to using the Triad locating system Also the operator should make sure that batteries are installed in both the 2310 Receiver and the 23X Transmitter Case and that the batteries are in good condition To access the battery compartments for the 2310 Receiver and the 23X Transmitter please follow the instructions in Appendix B Care and Maintenance of this manual 2 EQUIPMENT FEATURES MODEL 2310 DIGITAL LOCATING RECEIVER The primary component of the Triad Locating System is the 2310 Receiver It has been designed to be lightweight ergonomic and easy to use Taking advantage of breakthrough technology the 2310 Receiver provides real time intuitive information to the user that makes locating jobs simple to understand The only control is a single gun style trigger which gives the user quick access to the Receiver s features A crisp LCD display screen and robust speaker output provide the user with the intuitive information needed to make quick locates Refer to the graphic below and the opposing page to understand more about the
56. signals that come from the transmitter case itself Disadvantage part of line must be electrically exposed to use the DCC which sometimes is impractical Also requires adequate ground return to cause strong signal on line 3 GC 2 Inductive Clamp This is the non contact version of the DCC Use the Inductive Clamp to energize the target line by plugging into a Model 23X direct output jack and clamping around a portion of the line Advantages no electrical contact point needed very effective at energizing the target line only even in congested areas Disadvantages part of line must be mechanically exposed enough to get clamp around it limited target line diameter up to about 5 5 OD 4 Transmitting Sondes These are small capsule type transmitters that may be located only in the immediate area surrounding the transmitter They are usually inserted inside non metallic lines in order to pinpoint a location in the line but can be used for a variety of applications Typically transmitting sondes are battery operated and water tight a The Model 3310 watertight capsule designed specifically to be flushed down a toilet or a sewer cleanout They are most often used for locating septic tanks Flusher is a transmitter 5 7 b The Model 3350 Bullet is also watertight and is small and streamlined to fit into non metallic conduits down to 3 4 in diameter Normally the Bullet is
57. t When both the ANR and double arrow graphic reflect a highest peak relative reading then the target line or sonde is typically directly beneath the pointer antenna NOTE for the double arrow graphic the maximum response is relative That is the graphic need not be blacked out completely when reflecting a peak in signal response the response simply needs to be the highest of immediately nearby readings Just as with PEAK mode NULL mode may be selected from the SET LOCATING MODE menu The screen graphic for NULL mode is effectively the same as it is for PEAK mode The only difference is what field direction is being monitored see upper right corner of display The response of the receiver will increase when it detects increasing signal in the vertical direction and it will null to zero when a vertical field is not present This feature can be useful in a variety of locating tasks To understand more fully the application of PEAK and NULL modes in various locating situations please see Appendix A Advanced Locating Techniques Uses and Advantages of Using PEAK NULL Modes Line Tracing Although the Triad LINE Mode allows the 2310 Receiver to reveal much useful and intuitive information during line tracing certain situations will arise that prove difficult for the receiver s programming to interpret An example of such a situation is when multiple lines all energized at the same frequency converge t
58. the icon is empty the batteries should be replaced with fresh ones Control Strip Menu The pop up control strip menu shown below provides a quick and easy way for the user to make any desired adjustments to the receiver s settings at any time during a locating job Meme To access the control strip while locating simply CLICK HOLD the trigger CLICK to advance through the available choices As each icon becomes highlighted a help text above the strip indicates the function of the icon Once the desired choice is highlighted CLICK HOLD to select that choice The adjustments that can be made via the control strip follow here SET FREQUENCY Selecting this will take you directly to the SET FREQUENCY menu described in the startup procedure on the previous pages LOCATING MODE Selecting this will activate the SET LOCATING MODE menu previously described oy SET VOLUME Adjust the speaker headset audio volume via this choice SET CONTRAST Adjust the LCD image contrast via this choice bu BACKLIGHT THRESHOLD Use this function to set the light level at which the LCD backlight comes on s ri bot fi HELP Allows access to information about the 2310 locating receiver Y When setting the volume the LCD contrast or the backlight threshold the following adjustment bar will be displayed As usual CLICK to advance to the decrease the X e
59. the pointer along this line searching for the maximum ANR and or the minimum depth report When the receiver is so positioned it will be pointing directly at the sonde e When reading the depth hold the receiver steady After a few moments the depth report will stabilize to the most accurate reading For more information about other methods that can be used when attempting to locate a sonde please consult Appendix A Advanced Locating Techniques 29 7 USING PEAK amp NULL MODES When the SET LOCATING MODE menu is displayed the user is presented with the PEAK and NULL options PEAK and NULL are utility modes that can be used on any type of job Their purpose is to allow the user to monitor only the signal response in the horizontal or vertical direction relative to the pointer antenna Being able to isolate directional responses can be very useful in both line tracing and sonde locating jobs To activate PEAK mode select it in the SET LOCATING MODE menu The receiver will present the screen shown to the right on the LCD display While using PEAK mode to locate and pinpoint a target one should monitor both the ANR in the upper left corner and the double arrow graphic drawn in the center of the screen As the receiver detects an increasing signal level the double arrow graphic will darken from the middle outward Also the ANR will increase indicating that the pointer antenna is approaching the targe
60. this is done either by direct connection or by indirect induction Frequency The cycle rate of an electronic signal In locating applications the frequency is used to identify the target line or sonde Ground A reference point with respect to some active voltage level In line tracing applications ground represents the return point for current flow along an energized line Ground Rod A metallic probe that is typically plunged into ground soil to provide a return point for tracing current Typically the user connects the ground lead black of the DCC to the inserted ground rod Inductive The method of energizing a line without touching it using an energizing field Induction Slopover Unwanted inductive energizing of lines that are in the proximity of an active inductive transmitter or a nearby energized line Line Any wire cable pipe or conduit In general a line must be conductive in order to qualify for energizing and tracing Loop A closed conductive circuit that typically allows energizing current to flow only along the conductors that make up the circuit itself Manifold Multiple lines typically joined at a common junction often running parallel with respect to each other and usually in close proximity of each other Null Conventionally used method of location in which the signal response vanishes indicating tell tale locations around the target of interest Like PEAK mode NULL mode is directional referen
61. thout even touching a gain control For more information about using PEAK mode to trace lines refer to section A 1 of this appendix A FINAL CAUTION Because parameters can significantly vary from one locating job to the next the user should understand that the highest ANR does not always correspond to the target line Lines carrying the signal of interest may be of differing depths and continuities Lines can be electrically linked underground in ways that may not be conventional or anticipated The user must always be the final interpreter of the results obtained during any given locating job and the responsibility of forming appropriate conclusions falls to the user Nonetheless the 2310 Receiver has been designed to make this process of interpretation easier 47 A 8 Using the ANR to Determine Signal Strength on an Energized Line While using the 2310 Receiver the operator will find the ANR Absolute Numeric Response useful information for a variety of tasks Among these tasks is that of determining whether or not a line is carrying a strong tracing current from a DIRECT connection To test the tracing current strength hold the pointer antenna near the connection point of the red clip lead from the DCC You may hold the pointer either near the red cable itself or on the other side of the connection around where the line enters the ground If you have not already set the appropriate receiver frequency BY SCAN or BY CATALOG you may do
62. tional It presents that same bar type graphic as PEAK mode However NULL mode responds only to signal that is detected in the vertical direction see graphic in upper right corner of display This means that the response vanishes when the signal field is perfectly horizontal 14 WHILE LOCATING After the initial set up routine the 2310 Receiver is completely automatic To search locate and pinpoint simply follow the visual and audio cues on the display and from the built in speaker Features of Display During Operation When either of the special Triad locating modes LINE or SONDE are being used the LCD display presents the basic screen shown below Absolute Depth Numerical Accuracy Response Report ANR Eder Im ACC 0 050 Crosshair Frequency Mode Battery Indicator Indicator A brief description of each display feature follows here Absolute Numerical Response ANR This number is always displayed in the upper left corner of the display regardless of the mode being used It indicates at all times the strength of the signal being detected at the desired frequency Because it is absolute it always reflects the actual signal strength So the ANR is always a good indicator of the working signal level An ANR of 5 00 and above is considered a strong working signal an ANR between 1 00 and 5 00 is fair an ANR below 1 00 is weak even though it may still be usable Depth Report When the locat
63. tomatically advance to the SET LOCATING MODE menu To learn more about this look at the instructions for setting the locating mode on the following page of this manual Selecting Passive Mode 60 Hz Line Tracing To select passive mode CLICK the fr icon to Passive 60 Hz on the menu and CLICK HOLD Once this mode is selected the receiver will automatically enter the Triad LINE mode If you wish to select a different locating mode follow the instructions given in the next section Set Locating Mode 13 SETTING THE LOCATING MODE While performing the automatic set up routine and after the frequency has been selected the receiver will x prompt the user to select the desired as SET LocATING MODE locating mode as shown to the right MEA I Visually scan the SET LOCATING i PEAK Conv MODE menu and CLICK the trigger pp to advance the icon to point to the desired selection Then CLICK HOLD the trigger to make the selection NOTE choices on this menu will vary depending upon the specific model type of the receiver CSC UL etc The various locating modes are listed and described here for reference LINE Triad Mode Select this mode to graphically display a representation of the target line on the screen while it is being traced This mode is fully automatic requiring no user intervention after set up to perform its function It displays line position and direction and automaticall
64. uct the user in simple procedures that may be attempted should equipment problems arise This guide is not exhaustive Should the user encounter problems outside the scope of this guide then he should consult the factory and or consider sending the equipment in for repair Troubleshooting for the 2310 Receiver Problem Problem Problem Problem Problem The 2310 fails to activate when the trigger is pulled e Poke the end of a bent paperclip into the RESET hole on the underside of the 2310 on the port panel Depress the internal pushbutton switch e Check the batteries to make sure that they are sound and that they are properly installed Make sure all battery springs and contacts are making good connections The 2310 LCD display does not present an image If the 2310 successfully activated the display contrast may be set too low In bright light preferably sunlight see whether the operating screen is faintly drawn If so select SET CONTRAST from the control strip and raise the contrast level until the screen is clearly seen The 2310 does not make a sound other than the start up and shutdown sounds The volume is turned all the way down Use the SET VOLUME option in the control strip to adjust it The 2310 behaves erratically Excessive interference can cause the 2310 to respond erratically Try to eliminate sources of interference This can be done by turning off potential culprits like comput
65. xit or the gt increase icon CLICK HOLD to make the adjustment As you continue to hold the trigger the adjustment bar will continue to increase or decrease Automatic Gain Control There is no manual gain control on the Model 2310 Receiver The instrument automatically self adjusts as required during any locating task providing maximum sensitivity while searching and the appropriate sensitivity while pinpointing NOTE it is important to understand that audio volume and gain sensitivity are completely unrelated Increasing the speaker volume has no effect on the receiver s ability to detect and locate a signal source Shut Down The receiver may be turned off at any time by CLICK ing the trigger provided no menu is being displayed on the screen Also the 2310 will automatically turn itself off after 10 minutes with no significant activity Reminder During normal locating operation the trigger has two functions CLICK will turn off the receiver CLICK HOLD will call up the control strip menu 17 MODEL 23X DIGITAL TRANSMITTER CASE Activating the Transmitter Before turning on the transmitter the user should make sure that it is set up for the locating job he intends to perform For example if the user intends to energize a line by direct connection he should plug the DCC into the SIGNAL 1 or SIGNAL 2 jack and connect the red clip to the hook up point and the black clip to ground When either SIGNAL jack is bein
66. y calculates the depth and depth accuracy when the pointer antenna is positioned over the buried line SONDE Triad Mode This mode aids the user in locating a sonde by displaying a graphic icon representation of its orientation and relative position As the user approaches the sonde the audio response will gradually increase in pitch and the display will indicate which way to position the receiver so that it points at the sonde As the receiver homes in on the sonde the centering circle constricts about the sonde icon At the same time the approximate depth of the sonde will be displayed in the upper right corner of the LCD When the circle fully constricts about the icon and the 2310 Receiver points directly at the sonde the depth reading will stabilize on an actual value and the actual orientation of the sonde will be evident from the icon PEAK Mode This is a conventional locating mode Conventional means that this method of locating is common to many locating devices industry wide including many Goldak products In PEAK mode the user relies on the relative directional response around the target object to determine location Thus PEAK mode only provides a bar type relative response graphic which accompanies the ANR that is always on screen in the upper left corner of the display PEAK mode responds only to signal that is detected in the horizontal side to side direction NULL Mode Like PEAK mode NULL mode is conven

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