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1. Figure 31 Centre point array 3 Centre point array 3 was generated using the menu item Centre points Define in quadrilat eral The following array subdivisions were selected Centre point array x No of arrays x direction 25 25 No of arrays y direction Cancel The following result is acquired using the selected centre point array 3 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 119 of 172 June 2015 0 77 gv 0 ovo oeo seo 0 15 0 20 ozo 9 0 10 T pv 10 00 Figure 32 Results for centre point array 3 The result confirms the previous investigations Defining the search grid using Horizontal tan gents works almost every time However computation may be optimised by using a different definition GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 120 of 172 June 2015 Defining the search grid by selecting the Start and end radius is useful for investigating the global stability of a cantilever wall for example This allows slip circles passing through the canti lever wall to be excluded from the analysis Figure 33 Cantilever Wall A rational search grid is shown below Figure 34 Search grid for cantilever wall The following analysis result is acquired using this search grid GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 121 of 172
2. 80 Array define COlOUr ccceceescessesteeseeeeeeees 103 Array define for centre points cece 114 Array define for data input with mouse 15 Array refine for centre points 0 0 eee Artesian define via editor ees ese se ee ee ee Artesian define with mouse ASCII file load save for pwp mesh AuntoslopE ee ee ee ee ms Average cohesion esse see see Ge ek Ge ee ee Average friction angle iese sees see se ee ee Average pore water pressure distribution 52 B Bearing capacity define logarithmic spiral 125 Bearing capacity display nail wall analysis results in message BOX see se se ee ee 152 Bearing capacity enter footing parameters 102 Bearing capacity select for analysis 12 Bearing capacity use gam2 as buoyant unit weight in analySiS esse sesse ee se ee ee 144 Bearing capacity verification for Strip footing ee ee se ee RR RA ee 53 Bearing capacity verification principles sing nail wall se ee ee RR RA ee 58 Bending design concrete shell iese ese 156 Bending moments between soil nails 58 Bishop analysis principles AT Bishop select as analysis method dd Bitmap file scale adjustment ees sees ee 106 Bonding stress calculation using geosynthetics ees sees ee RA Ge ee RR RA 84 Bonding stress calculation using tension MEMDBELS sie esse Es SR Ge in SE ee EE Ee 88 Bound
3. 10 000 AICA 0 659 delta A C A 1 0 517 ni 2 023 with compressibility of column material Friction and cohesion result m n1 1 n1 0 506 phi soil 32 50 tan phinew m tan phi column 1 m tanfphi soil phinew 36 47 c soil 2 00 kN r c new 1 m c soil c new 0 99 kN t Result nO 2 151 without compressibility of column material Click Cancel in the above dialog box to end the menu item GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 162 of 172 June 2015 10 Tips and tricks 10 1 Keyboard and mouse You can scroll the screen with the keyboard using the cursor keys and the Page up and Page down keys By clicking and pulling with the mouse with Ctrl pressed you activate the zoom function i e the selected section will fill the screen Use the mouse wheel to zoom in or out of the screen view or to pan In addition scale and coordinates of the system graphics drawing area within the plotting mar gins can be altered directly using the mouse wheel The following mouse wheel functions are available Change system graphics new values can be checked in Page size margins Manual resize editor e Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge system graphics change of scale e Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink system graphics change of scale e Shift mouse wheel up move system graphics up change in system coordinates e Sh
4. GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 87 of 172 June 2015 i Dk CK Yk qs k i Soil kNim2 KNime kN m Designation 32 50 0 00 20 00 100 00 S 32 50 0 50 19 00 50 00 S 27 50 5 00 20 00 50 00 U TM 1 R d 100 0 D 0 10 F 54 7 A characteristic shaft friction qs x of 100 0 kN m has been entered for Soil 1 and 50 0 kN m for Soil 2 The program computes the bonding stress t using TE Ok n D yn e D diameter 0 2 m e vn 1 40 pull out resistance partial factor entered in Editor 1 Partial factors see Section 9 2 5 e t Soil 1 22 4 KN m e T Soil 2 112 KN m This allows the pull out forces to be computed by integration see the blackened region in the above graphics If the integral value becomes greater than R d integration is aborted GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 88 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 14 Hor distributed loads button This button allows horizontal distributed loads to be defined To change the number of horizontal distributed loads press x distributed loads to edit and enter the new number required Horizontal distributed loads i x Forw Back Cancel 1 distributed loads to edit No p x left x right y Live load kN Zee m m m 1 10 0000 0 0000 1 0000 0 0000 Yes The size of the load and the two x coordinates are required to define the load The value in y designates the
5. Pore water pressure mesh Geosynthetics V Geosynthetics via company products JV Store company products in record Info mYibrodisplacement compaction Vibrodisplacement compaction Priebe present Structural elements F Divide activated force with FOS Info The default setting is the EC 7 standard and the Bishop circles slices calculation method For the example select Janbu polygons slices as the calculation method After confirming with OK you will see a dialog box in which you can enter the partial safety factors see also Section 9 2 5 Using the To DIN 1054 2010 button in the Default values group box you can accept the partial factors for the various load cases The partial factors for DS P are used in this example Cancel GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 14 of 172 June 2015 6 3 Step 2 Adjust page coordinates Ex 1 The program default coordinates do not fit the system and must be altered Select the menu item Manual resize editor from the Page size margins menu Image coordinates x x let m 17 0000 y bottom m 15 0000 Scale x direction 1 1400000 Scale y direction 1 140 0000 swe lod xK Cna a Enter the values from the above dialog box 6 4 Step 3 Define array Ex 1 Select the Array menu item from the Editor 2 menu Co x Anay preferences M Use array Spacing x 1000 Spacin
6. cceccseesceeceeeceeeeeees 50 Friction angle consider in analysis 50 58 Friction angle enter sees sesse see Ge ek ee 30 75 Friction angle reduction using Seosyntheties s es sers Ee EN DS SNR ES GE Ge EN 24 Function Keys iese see se ee ee RA niani 164 G General page informations add via fie OE EE EE 138 General stability verification ees ees sesse se ese 58 General wedge method analysis principles 49 General wedge method select as analysis Method esse se ee se Ge ek Ge ee 72 General wedge method variation of Slip les EE EE RS Ge 151 Geosynthetics activate selection via company products ee esse se ee GR Ge st 12 Geosynthetics define via editor eee 84 Geosynthetics define with mouse 4 104 Geosynthetics edit subsequently 150 Geosynthetics friction angle reduction 24 Geosynthetics generate automatically 149 Geosynthetics manage company products 95 Geosynthetics select as company product 85 German Institute for Construction Technology EE Se Se EE ER os Ge ed GGUCAD file export GGUMiniCAD file export Sets GGUESLAB ER bination Gun Res Graphics add via Mini CAD cee eee Gravity body define appearance Groundwater consider confined des Grouted section defin iese ee ee ee ee ee ee ee H Hatching define for soils esse sees se ee ee 101 Hatching switch on off 98
7. tangential angle of the slice to the horizontal in degrees which for circles is equal to the polar coordinates r radius of slip circle in m b width of slice in m the decisive friction angle in degrees for the individual slice after Section 8 DIN 4084 c the decisive cohesion in kN m2 for the slice after Section 8 DIN 4084 u the decisive pore water pressure in kN m2 for the individual slice GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 47 of 172 June 2015 Au the decisive pore water pressure for the slice in kN m as a result of soil consolida tion In the GGU STABILITY program Au is calculated by multiplying the pore water pressure coefficient and the effective vertical stresses Alternatively you have the possibility of defining so called consolidation layers Using the required input data the program carries out a one dimensional consolidation calculation The relationships are described in detail in DIN 4084 and DIN 4084 2009 We need therefore only deal with a few special cases here Partial factors are used in DIN 4084 2009 The safety factors are thus already incorporated in the soil properties loads etc The term safety factor is thus already allocated Instead of n then u must be adopted in the above relationships known as the utilisation factor For pre stressed tension members the friction force activated by the normal component may be considered in accordance with DIN 4084 and DIN 4084 2009 Sect
8. C Example 3 boe C Example 2 boe C Example 1 boe Create a list of files for printing using Add and selecting the desired files The number of files is displayed in the dialog box header Using Delete you can mark and delete selected individual files from the list After selecting the Delete all button you can compile a new list Selection of the desired printer and printer preferences is achieved by pressing the Printer button You then start printing by using the Print button In the dialog box which then appears you can select further preferences for printer output such as e g the number of copies These preferences will be applied to all files in the list GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 66 of 172 June 2015 9 1 10 Print output table menu item 9 1 10 1 Selecting the output format You can have a table printed containing the current analysis results The results can be sent to the printer or to a file e g for further editing in a word processor The output contains all informa tion on the current state of analysis including the system data You have the option of designing and printing the output table as an annex to your report within the GGU STABILITY program To do this select Output as graphics from the following options Select output x Select output Output as graphics Output as ASCII Cancel If you prefer to easily print or process the data in a different application you have t
9. 29 74 Slope geometry define with mouse 16 103 Slope edit coordinateS esse se ee ee se 106 Slope generate automatically ese ee see 97 Slopes in waste materials calculate to K lschinetHod ter Ep EE nai Smart icons for menu items 0 0 0 ees ee ee Soil colours activate display Soil colours hatching define Soil dowels consider in analysis Soil dowels define via editor bs Soil dowels define with mouse 005 Soil layers define via editor eee Soil layers define with mouse Soil layers entering conditions numbering 17 Soil layers import via Windows Clipboard ssscsses svete cheese Ee De ERG RE Eg 32 77 Soil nails consider in analysis iese cece 83 Soil nails define inclination esse see ee ese ee 83 Soil nails define via editOF ese ese ee see ee 82 Soil nails verifications for analysis oD Soil numbers activate display 0 0 cece 100 Soil numbers assignment during layer definition esse se ee se ee 17 31 76 Soil properties define eee 30 75 100 Soil properties display in legend 0 0 Soil properties enter for K lsch method Soil properties initial final condition As Soils drained undrained ee ee see ee ee ee Solid slab define for export to GGU SLAB 58 Stability inner ee see see se ee Ge RR GR ee RR 56 Standard display in
10. Concrete C 20 25 7 est 500 7 Cancel The maximum nail forces determined in accordance with the descriptions of Section 9 11 13 are shown in the list in the dialog box The maximum nail value is multiplied with the horizontal sepa ration and suggested as design value for punching verification see entry after Verification with KN This value can if wished be edited If you are carrying out several calculations with slip bodies but want to calculate the punching safety factor with a different value to that suggested you can use the Retrieve old verification value button to bring back the last entered value into the input box After this punching verification is done The pressure under the punching area will be subtracted from the nail force in accordance with EC 2 The pressure is taken as the reduced earth pressure see above Besides this information the following must be given in accordance with EC 2 for punching verification e Effective height of concrete shell in the verification area as of concrete shell thickness e Width of nail slab height e Present bending reinforcement e Concrete used e Steel used These inputs can be made in the lower part of the dialog box Verification will be carried out after pressing the OK button and the results are displayed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 154 of 172 June 2015 Punching verification xj Nail force 64 81 kN Earth pressure e d 19 60 kN
11. Examples DIN 4084 100 eee eee se see ee Excess pore water pressure enter for consolidation layer sees ee ee Re ee 91 F f1 d f2 d design adhesive forces for SOUL MAIS EE EE ET N 82 Face plate define for export to GGU SLAB 58 Faces numbering for nail wall analysis 144 Failure body define principal slip surfaces 123 Failure body display displacement diagram 136 Failure body display force polygon 136 Failure body geometry using passive earth pressure iese ee se ee ee RR GR 54 Fellenius safety definition 0 cece 53 55 File display name in legend eee 99 File load save ee see ees ee 63 Font selection ee ese ee se ee ee RA GR ee 138 Font size define for dimension lines 140 Font size define for general legend 99 Font size define for nail force table 148 Font size define for nail wall legend 147 Font size define for reference staff 101 Font size define for soil properties legend 100 Font sizes define for graphical elements 142 Footer output table sesse see se ee GRA Ge 68 Footing define sesse esse ss se ee SE Reed ee 102 Force arrows edit display esse sees se ee ee 136 Force polygon analysis principle sesse 49 Force polygon display for a failure body 136 Force polygon edit display ie ees sesse see 136 Friction angle average
12. Select the Pore water pressure menu item from the Editor 2 menu Enter the pore water pressure line in analogy to the surface line From the difference between a slice toe and the height position above this toe point of the pore water pressure line the program later calculates the pore water pressure on the slice For this example select a horizontal pore water pressure line at 0 0 m which begins at x 15 m and ends at x 30 m and thus consists of two points only 6 6 Figure 3 Pore water pressure visualisation worked example 1 Step 5 Enter soil layers Ex 1 Select the Layers menu item from the Editor 2 menu A layer always consists of two coordi nate pairs Unlike many other programs with GGU STABILITY it is not necessary to enter a polygon course across the whole width of the system Each layer has a soil number which is used to describe the soil properties see second dialog box in Section 6 8 These soil properties are valid above the two coordinate pairs as far as the surface line or as far up as the base of a further layer After input the layers are sorted automatically by depth and numbered The soil number assigned to a layer is unaffected by the layer numbering see Figure 4 Layer 2 SoilNo 4 X qer Layer 3 X Yengiy Soil No 2 Figure 4 Layers and soil numbering GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 17 of 172 June 2015 During input observe that the layer boundaries may not c
13. 115 103 fiio fos 6 Fotac R 200 30 30T f 2000 152 150 145 139 fio 102 107 115 103 1 10 0 90 7 fFomacR 300 50 30T f 3000 152 150 145 1398 fiom fio fio fiis 103 fiio os 8 Fotac R 400 s0 30T f 4000 152 1 50 145 139 tor fio tor fias 103 fiio fos 9 fFortracR 600 50 30T f sooo 152 150 145 139 fro 102 107 115 103 110 0 90 Other manufacturer s products can be imported using the Load button When importing it is possible to specify whether to import the products of only one manufacturer or the products of several manufacturers together in one list If you store your geosynthetics list in a GGU STABILITY ggu_geo file on the program level the product list is automatically imported when the program is started In order to be able to select the geosynthetics products the Geosynthetics via company prod ucts check box must first be activated in the menu item Editor 1 Analysis options see Sec tion 9 2 1 We also recommend activating the Store company products in record check box Otherwise if the file is opened on a computer that does not have the ggu geo files installed the originally selected products are deleted The geosynthetics products can be selected in the menu item Nail wall Enter nails manually or Nail wall Generate and Editor 1 Enter system parameters using the Geosynthetics but ton GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 95 of 172 June 2015 9 2 8 Test system menu item After data inpu
14. Store company products in record m Vibrodisplacement compaction Pore water pressure I Vibrodisplacement compaction Priebe present p Structural element P Divide activated force with FOS GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 71 of 172 June 2015 You can then specify whether slope stability default or bearing capacity is to be analysed Addi tional information on a strip footing is required for bearing capacity analysis see Section 9 2 16 The safety is then acquired from a comparison of the failure load V and the working strip footing load Vo also see Section 8 5 n V V work For an analysis of bearing capacity the program varies the load V until the slope stability FOS n 1 0 or the utilisation factor u 1 0 in accordance with DIN 4084 In the middle group box you select the method to be adopted The menu bar changes according to the choice made here showing either Centre points or Slip body Generally pore water pressures in slopes are defined using a pore water pressure line Geotechni cal applications including GGU STABILITY compute the pore water pressure at the slice toe from the vertical distance between the slice toe and the pore water pressure line lying above it Implicit in this procedure is the assumption that the slope is only percolated horizontally This assumption is sufficiently precise for a large number of slopes However this assumption is no longer justified
15. button If Old was selected open the coordinates input box by clicking the button with the appropriate slip body number If you are calculating with General wedge method you must additionally enter the intersection of the intermediate slip surface with the surface as xzw and yzw You need not hit the inter section exactly as the correct intersection is calculated by the program automatically before calcu lating the safety of the slip body 9 6 6 Display menu item You can select the slip bodies to be displayed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 124 of 172 June 2015 9 6 7 Delete individually menu item Previously specified individual slip bodies can be deleted after a security request Delete slip bodies x Delete which slip bodies Forw Back Eie ea ad 9 6 8 Delete all menu item After a security reguest all specified slip bodies and any calculated safety factors will be deleted 9 6 9 Logarithmic spiral menu item If you activated the Bearing capacity option button in the Editor 1 Analysis options menu item you can generate polygonal slip surfaces for the strip footing which in accordance with DIN 4017 consist of a logarithmic spiral in the central area and straight lines at the ends Logarithmic spiral Y footing kN m 100 0000 H footing kN m 0 0000 Footing base inclination 0 0000 philstart 27 5000 phifend 35 0000 No of subdivisions phi 4 Determine d
16. gt Face plate load kN Ar eg 29 432 eq 0 418 Labelling preferences J7 With labelling Colour Cancel The constant distributed load on the slab is generally given by the earth pressure reduced by 15 calculated without any cohesion components in accordance with current permits and which is divided by the length of the concrete shell This value is given at the bottom of the dialog box and can be edited In some publications the reduction of this value by the factor 0 85 is not mentioned Other publications divide the maximum possible nail force by the area influenced by the nail and use this distributed load for calculations i e Distributed load maximum nail force horizontal nail spacing vertical nail spacing The final approach generally provides the largest moments and thus the strongest reinforcement If you need to consider such cases you must adjust the distributed load in the above dialog box accordingly GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 59 of 172 June 2015 8 8 9 8 8 10 Maximum nail forces and verification of punching The maximum nail forces and punching safety factor are determined using the Nail wall Maxi mum nail forces punching menu item see Sections 9 11 13 and 9 11 14 Whilst calculating slip surfaces the program keeps a protocol of maximum forces per nail position These forces are compared to the load components which arise from the earth pressure on th
17. kN rr kN rr m m m 1 5 00 5 00 16 00 21 00 75 00 Yes Input of live loads is analogous to that of permanent loads you must additionally activate the As live check box In contrast to the permanent loads to DIN 4084 the live loads are only adopted if the resultant friction force at the foot of the slice does not possess a resisting component If the mobilising component is always to be adopted activate the Adopt very conservative live loads also see the Info button 9 2 2 6 Point loads button Using this button you can enter any point loads For input alter the number of point loads in ac cordance with the previous descriptions Point loads x Forw Back Cancel 1 point load s to edit No H force force Moment x y Live load kNm kNm EN mm m m 1 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 Yes Then the size of the point load horizontal force vertical force and moment and the coordinates of the point of acting must be entered The horizontal components of point loads and the moments will naturally only be considered if the point of acting lies within the slip body The vertical com ponent is handled corresponding to the permanent or changeable distributed loads GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 78 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 7 Anchors button This element should no longer be used It is simpler to work with tension members instead see following section 9 2 2
18. menu item 20 0 esse sesse se se ee Ge ee ek ee 152 9 11 13 Maximum nail forces menu iteM ee se se RA RA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee ee ee 152 9 11 14 Maximum nail forces punching menu iteM ees sesse ee ee ee ee Ee Ee 153 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 6 of 172 June 2015 9 11 15 Calculate earth pressure weight menu item ses ese see se Ge Ge ek ek ee 155 9 11 16 Export to GGU SLAB menu item ese se se se ee RR GRA GRA Re ee ee ee ee ee 156 9 11 17 Active earth pressure after Culmann menu item sesse sesse se se ee Ge ee ek ee 159 9 11 18 Passive earth pressure after Culmann menu item esse sesse se se ek Ge ee ek ee 160 MEE RE ER DE OE EO OAR EE 161 9 12 1 Copyright menu em insni ei aa i i E RE ES Se Ee ER Sen Eg ee Ke 161 9512 2 Help Menu item stet se EG GR ee ee ER eed Ee ees GE Ee GR ke gee 161 9 12 3 GGU on the web menu itemm esse see sees see eke AR niia 161 9 12 4 GGU support menu TEM ese Ee ESE ESE Ee RE Ee GE EE Ee Eed Se Ese Se DER GE Ge es 161 9 12 5 What s new menu HEM ese sesse se se ee Ge ee GRA Ge AA Ge ER Ge ee GRA ge AA Ge Ge ee GR 161 9 12 6 Language preferences menu item se RR RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 161 9 12 7 K lsch method preferences menu iteM ee se se RA GRA GRA Re ee ee Ee ee 161 9 12 8 Test vibrodisplacement compaction menu item cece eeeeeeeceseeeeeeeeeeeneees 162 10 Tips and trickS sees seesse esse esse see See SEE See Bee B
19. of slices 50 Surface points 0 Soil properties 1 Soil layers 0 Pore water press 0 Permanent loads 0 Live loads 0 Paint loads 0 Anchors 0 Artesian Earthquake Dowels 0 Soil nails 0 Geosynthetics 0 Tension members 0 Horiz distributed loads 0 For wall analyses only slopes failing to the left can currently be considered Note on water levels From the water levels the program calculates the water load in the area of a slice and the horizontal loading of the slope due to water pressure If the water level is below surface level it has no meaning for calculations Note on number of slices Small numbers of slices mean low precision and shorter calculation times Large slice num bers mean a correspondingly longer calculation time and higher precision The minimum number of slices is also dependent upon the complexity of the slope A slope which is heavily layered will require a larger number of slices than one which is homogenous We recommend analysing using at least 50 slices Further system input is made by pressing the relevant buttons and entering the data in the subse quent dialog boxes The following sections describe the individual buttons in more detail After finishing data input select the Done button GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 73 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 1 Surface points button Using this button the coordinates of the surface points can be
20. you can greatly simplify input This information is also valid for all the following sections which are concerned with system input with the mouse Pore water pressure menu item You can define a pore water pressure line in complete analogy to surface points see Worked example 1 Section 6 5 Input is rejected if you selected the pore water pressure mesh for pore water pressure defi nition in the Editor 1 Analysis options menu item Layers menu item You can define layers in complete analogy to surface points Here however you must click on two points for each layer points see Worked example 1 Section 6 6 This function can also be initialized pressing the F6 function key GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 103 of 172 June 2015 9 3 5 9 3 6 9 3 7 Loads point loads menu item You can define Permanent loads Live loads Distributed loads or Point loads in com plete analogy to surface points After input of two x coordinates via the mouse you must specify the size of the load e g in kN m in a dialog box For point loads only input of the single force e g in kN m is required The direction of action is clearly marked in the following graphics Permanent loads and live loads can be edited in a dialog box by pressing Shift and the right mouse button simultaneously in the centre of the load These loads can be deleted by pressing Ctrl and the right mouse button Point loads and distribu
21. 100 139 Header CAD US cccccccsscccsssceceeseeeeesseeees 138 Header output table sesse see se ee ee RA Ge 68 Horizontal distributed loads define USING CALL ees sesse ee ee ee ee ee RA Ge 89 Horizontal force for bearing capacity 53 58 Horizontal load define for footing 102 Horizontal load from active earth pressure 57 I Inclination change for slopes ceeeeeee Inclination define for anchors Inclination define for soil nails GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 168 of 172 June 2015 Inclination rear wall face ese se ee ee ee 56 Inner stability construction condition 60 Installations iiss cin AE eg ine ene Intermediate points define Intermediate slip bodies analyse Intermediate slip line variation using General wedge method ee ee 151 Intermediate slip surfaces consider Shear fOrces sien ee ges toes 49 Intermediate slip surfaces lines define 123 J Janbu analysis principles Janbu select as analysis method K Knowledge Base aCCES ee se ee ee 161 K lsch method activate iese ese ees ee ee ee 161 K lsch method enter soil properties 75 K lsch method theoretical principles 61 Krey select as analysis method esse sesse 72 L LO input using geosynthetics ees sesse see 144 Language preferences iese ee see ee 11 161 La
22. 30 15 11 20 0 7 1 0 110 MBT 35 15 12 14 0 7 1 0 75 MBT lt 60 35 15 13 7 0 7 1 0 35 Table 2 Soil properties input screen examples from GDA recommendation R 2 35 and Collins et al 1997 The degree of activation parameter describes the bonding behaviour when the tensile forces are converted to fibre cohesion Fibre redistribution and similar effects are taken into consideration globally beside the bonding effect With good bonding homogeneous mixing of underlying ma trix and fibre matrix high friction underlying matrix etc the degree of activation may be 1 Be cause knowledge of the bonding behaviour is limited a conservative degree of activation of 0 7 is recommended K lsch 1996 In the analysis the degree of activation acts as an additional partial safety factor on the fibre cohesion GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 62 of 172 June 2015 9 Description of menu items 9 1 9 1 1 File menu New menu item After a security request you can delete all previous input and thus enter a new system see menu item Editor 1 Analysis options Section 9 2 1 Load menu item You can load a file with system data which was created and saved at a previous sitting and then edit the system or investigate different centre points or slip bodies Save menu item You can save data entered or edited during program use to a file in order to have them available at a later date or to ar
23. 8 10 9 8 11 Show menu item You can view the intermediate slip bodies and if wished send them to the printer Define slip bodies via lines rectangles guadrilaterals menu item Using this menu item a family of slip bodies can be generated using the mouse with relatively little effort You can select from a variety of methods in a dialog box After selecting the method to be adopted and entering the subdivisions in a dialog box the selected element line rectangle etc is displayed on the screen In this manner you have an example for application of the individ ual procedures and in analogy can subsequently try out your own definitions For example define slip bodies by means of 1 rectangular search box The number of the polygons is varied according to the defined array subdivision and the size of the box subsequently represented on the screen The array points then represent the slip body polygon points Slip bodies analyse menu item You can analyse the slip bodies defined using the menu item Define slip bodies via lines rec tangles quadrilaterals Section 9 8 8 Slip bodies show menu item You can display the slip bodies defined using the menu item Define slip bodies via lines rec tangles quadrilaterals Section 9 8 8 Slip bodies load save menu item The slip bodies defined using the Define slip bodies via lines rectangles quadrilaterals menu item can be saved to a separate file or p
24. Ar calculated from 0 85 E d w o c Q d 64 81 kN Width height soil nail plate 0 25 m Concrete C 20 25 Structural steel BSt 500 Concrete shell thickness 0 250 m Current bending reinforcement 5 03 erf m Effective height 0 212 m Circumference 3 00 m Design force 20 26 kN m Design resistance 98 42 kN m No shear reinforcement needed Again Print Cancel The dialog box contains all decisive values for verification Using the Again button you can repeat the verification with new input values If in the menu item Nail wall Verifications you have activated the Punching verification check box the most important design values will be presented in the Nail wall legend on the screen 9 11 15 Calculate earth pressure weight menu item You can calculate earth pressure and weight independent of previous menu items The results are shown in dialog boxes GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 155 of 172 June 2015 9 11 16 Export to GGU SLAB menu item This menu item is available for bending design of the concrete shell A dataset is exported which can be read by the GGU SLAB program The GGU SLAB program allows analysis and design of slabs using finite element methods Export to GGU SLAB x m What type of face plate Solid slab Horizontally continuous face plate for single nail C Isolated face plate for single nail FE mesh for GGU SLAB Max node spacing hori
25. GE EG ER GE EG Re Es ee SE Ge Re ED ee Re RR SR ee ED 124 9 6 6 Display menu Item EE EG ge ene EE a heen we 124 9 6 7 Delete individually menu item iese esse ese ee se Re ER RR RA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 125 9 6 8 Delete all menu item ee ee ee ee ee ee Re Re RR GR Re RA GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee 125 9 6 9 Logarithmic spiral menu iteM iese ee ee ee Re ER RA GRA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 125 9 6 10 Animation menu item General wedge method and Vertical slice method only ee ee ee Re RR RR RA RA GRA Re ee ee Re Re ee Re ee ee 126 9 6 11 Move slip body menu item General wedge method and Vertical sli e method only s a ER Ee E GE won GA 126 9 7 Safety Utilisation factors menu for slip circles only ee ee ee ee Re Re GR Re GRA 127 9 7 h Geneial notes se Ee Se de Ee Re 127 9 72 Analyse menu item ie RE heheh nen ihe EL ee a E eaan RR ee Mek eae 127 9 73 Display detail menuitem 22 028 ER o DE GE EE era ee Ge ee EE Ge ge te 127 9 7 4 Preferences menu iteM iese ee ee ee ee Re Re RR RA RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 128 9 7 5 Show most unfavourable slip circle menu item sessies see ee ee ee ee Ee ee 128 9 7 6 Specie ment em seere EE EE RE GE eg xe Ge waa cern WR 128 9 7 17 AM Men item acc 202d EE EE ee Ee od EE Re ote ee De eg De Ee ER ee Ese Es 129 9 7 8 Contours menu item ei Ee EER EE Ee hace Aandi RENEE Ee Re GEE ancients 130 9 7 9 Coloured Men items E Ge Ee eee oes GE
26. Ge EE 131 9 8 Safety Utilisation factors menu for polygonal slip surfaces only see se see 132 9 8 sGerieral notes s AS ES GE pe EE ee OR RR Ee Ee De ee Re ER ee 132 9 8 2 Analyse slip bodies menu item see ee ee ee Re RR RR GRA GRA GRA Gee ER ee ee ee 132 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 5 of 172 June 2015 9 8 3 Show individual slip bodies menu iteM ee se se ee RA RA GRA RA ee ee Ee ee ee 133 Da 4 AI menu Item RS ax Be ee need es eA be EA ee ee 133 9 8 5 Display results menu item sees ee ee ee Re Re ER GR Re RA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 133 9 8 6 Analyse intermediate slip bodies menu item iese sea ee ee ee ee ee Ee Ee 134 9 8 7 Show menu N ER EE RE ER OE atin OR Aen 135 9 8 8 Define slip bodies via lines rectangles quadrilaterals menu item ees 135 9 8 9 Slip bodies analyse menu item ee ee se ee RA RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 135 9 8 10 Slip bodies Show menu item ee ee ee ee Re Re RR RR RA GRA GRA Gee Ge ee ee ee 135 9 8 11 Slip bodies load save menu item ese ee ee se GR Re RR RA GRA GRA Gee Ge ee ee ee 135 9 8 12 Preferences menu item ee ee see ee ee ee Re Re RR GRA RA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 136 9 8 13 Force polygon menu item General wedge method and Vertical slice method only ee ee Re RR RR RA RA Re ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee Re 136 9 8 14 Displacement diagram menu item General wedge method only sesse 136 9 9 Graphics preferences MENU
27. June 2015 eee we 0 62 0 60 3 0 56 0 54 0 52 0 50 4 09 0 0 0 5 Z90 OES 099 Figure 35 Result for cantilever wall 9 5 8 Semi automatic menu item You can enter the centre points of the slip circles to be analysed via the keyboard by entering the start and end coordinates and the maximum radius 9 5 9 Delete individually menu item You can delete individual centre points by clicking on them with the left mouse button 9 5 10 Delete all menu item After a security request all specified centre points and any calculated safety utilisation factors will be deleted 9 5 11 Display menu item All current centre points can be displayed If you have already defined a search grid you can also display the boundary search radii GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 122 of 172 June 2015 9 6 9 6 1 9 6 2 Slip body menu for polygonal slip surfaces only Info menu item You will see information on input and editing of slip bodies Define new menu item You can define the positions of the individual slip body polygon points with the left mouse button After selecting this menu item you can activate a dialog box with Shift and the F4 function key which will inform you as to the position of the mouse pointer x and y coordinates soil type Shift and the F5 function ke
28. June 2015 Using this menu item to define the search grid the following dialog box opens If there is any uncertainty in terms of the search always select the Horizontal tangents search grid and a larger number of radii 40 or more depending on your safety requirements Define search grid Zines Hectandular search boy Z rectanguiar search boxes Guadnlateral search box Z quacniateral search boxes After leaving the dialog box by pressing OK define Top of slope as the uppermost point by clicking with the mouse and Bottom of system as the lowest point GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 116 of 172 June 2015 7 VY EE PAST A I SEE AA Ed HO di LI K Figure 28 Selected search grid Then start the analysis and the following results are acquired 0 76 0 75 0 73 0 69 0 60 0 49 0 75 0 75 0 74 0 71 0 66 0 53 0 72 0 74 0 73 0 72 0 69 0 59 0 71 0 71 0 72 0 72 0 71 0 66 0 69 0 68 0 68 0 69 0 70 0 69 0 67 0 66 0 65 0 63 0 64 0 66 Figure 29 Results for centre point array 1 The slip circle with the highest utilisation factor is located at the top left edge of the selected array The array must be expanded towards the upper left Alternatively a new appropriately displaced array can be selected GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 117 of 172 June 2015
29. Select the menu item File Save as to do this e The What you see is what you get principle provides the possibility of sending the current screen contents to the printer at any time during processing including during input Select the menu item File Print and export and specify your output preferences for page for mat and presentation GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 39 of 172 June 2015 7 7 Step 7 Define polygonal slip surfaces Ex 2 7 7 1 Select analysis method If you would now like to calculate the slope with polygonal slip surfaces as well as circular slip surfaces select the menu item Editor 1 Analysis options Analysis options xj 68 a A T EC C DIN 4084 2009 DIN 4084 1996 DIN 4084 1981 Calculation of Slope failure Bearing capacity Method Bishop circles slices C Krep circles slices Janbu polvaons slices C General wedge method ertical slice methoc Pore water pressure Pore water pressure line Pore water pressure mesh Geosynthetics IV Geosynthetics via company products Info IV Store company products in record m Vibrodisplacement compaction I Vibrodisplacement compaction Priebe present M Structural element P Divide activated force with FOS Info Activate the Janbu polygons slices switch in the upper part of the box After confirmation with OK the menu bar will change slightly Instead o
30. a current partial grid which has been entered by hand 9 4 12 Round off menu item With Delauney triangulation a triangular mesh is created which envelopes all nodes In this way triangular elements can occur which in the boundary areas can be very acutely angled Using this menu item you can remove such triangles from the mesh Average radius ratio x Delete exterior triangles with an average radius ratio gt rv v 37 The radius ratio describes the relationship between exterior radius and interior radius of a triangle For an equilateral triangle this ratio equals 2 0 optimum Before you arrive at the dialog box above the maximum and the average radius ratio of the mesh appear In the example above all exterior triangles with a radius ratio larger than 37 will be removed In order to avoid interpolation holes in the triangle system only triangles at the boundaries are deleted 9 4 13 Delete menu item With this menu item you can delete selected system triangles You must click on four points in an anti clockwise direction All triangles with a centroid within the quadrilateral will be deleted Alternatively you have the possibility of completely deleting a pwp mesh GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 111 of 172 June 2015 9 4 14 Refine individually menu item Three menu items are available for mesh refinement After selecting this first menu item the fol lowing dialog box opens GGU STABILITY xj Select
31. a triangle using the left mouse button Backspace to undo Which method Ed oe ET For refinement of the pwp mesh three differing refinement procedures are available e Method 1 In the centroid of the selected triangle an additional node is created e Method 2 The selected triangular element and the neighbouring element are halved GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 112 of 172 June 2015 e Method 3 A new triangular element will be inserted at the median of the clicked triangular element The neighbouring triangular elements will be halved WAN ee NN When refining the mesh new nodes are assigned potential which result from the values of the neighbouring nodes NE ANN 9 4 15 Section menu item A region of the triangular mesh can be selected for refinement by clicking the four points of a polygon in an anti clockwise direction thus enclosing the region to be refined The refinement procedures described in Pwp mesh Refine individually are also available for mesh refinement in section see Section 9 4 14 9 4 16 All menu item All triangular elements can be refined using the refinement procedures described in Pwp mesh Refine individually see Section 9 4 14 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 113 of 172 June 2015 9 5 9 5 1 9 5 2 9 5 3 9 5 4 9 5 5 9 5 6 Centre points menu for slip circles only Define in quadrilateral menu item You can define the centre points of t
32. box Generate encased columns x x m 4 000 y m 0 400 width m 0 300 Spacing m 0 300 Angle 15 000 Number Soil number Cancel ET A separate number should be awarded for each new soil to allow the generated soil columns to be better differentiated from other soil types by their colours The angle corresponds to the increase in elevation of the bases of the soil columns see drawing below Figure 24 Encased columns angle input After confirming your input a message is shown with the number of newly generated strata It is then possible to test the system Soil columns protruding into overlying strata are identified and following a query corrected If it is necessary to delete the last created soil columns simply use the undo function Click the icon in the toolbar also see Section 9 9 6 The soil columns generated are added to the list of soil strata and can also be edited or deleted via the list see Section 7 2 4 Example 2 Data input via editor Step 2 Enter system parameters Soil layers GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 93 of 172 June 2015 Partial factors menu item If using the Editor 1 Analysis options menu item you have selected EC 7 as applicable standard the following dialog box appears Partial factors EC 7 GEO 3 x Partial factors Friction angle phi 1250 Cohesion c 1250 Cohesion cfu 1250 Unit weights 100 Permanent actio
33. current geosynthetics check box PE j x EES JV Delete current geosynthetics Fortrac 35 20 20 T 7 J Consider live loads Fk KN m 35 00 Rd kN m 14 52 u 0 30 AA Geometry hasas o Ad 1 52 1st geos bottom m 0 500 in m above wall base 42 transport installation and compaction Vertical spacing m 1 000 2 1 10 Dom Fi Length bottom mi 6 000 43 joints overlapping seams and connections Length top m 6 000 3 1 00 Inclination 0 000 mAg environmental influences RO kN m 0 000 E AA 1 03 pH 4 9 Tap fold back m U UUU m below top of wall y Partial factor geos 1 400 Cancel Enter the values shown in the dialog box and confirm with OK Six new geosynthetics are gen erated After confirming the corresponding message box a new prompt appears immediately If you answer the Generate new slip surfaces query with No the new geosynthetics are repre sented in the system and the defined values listed in a table in the Nail force legend Normally and thus for the example answer the query for the slip surface generation with Yes GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 22 of 172 June 2015 6 11 Step 10 Generate slip surfaces Ex 1 After answering the Generate new slip surfaces query with Yes a dialog box opens which can also be reached via the Nail wall Generate slip surfaces m
34. define with mouse Tension members edit subsequently Tension members enter factor for lock off force see se tenets 1 94 Tension members enter skin friction tas TS Tension members favourable esse see esse ee 48 Tension members fixing force ees sesse ee 48 Tension members generate automatically 149 Tension members non self tensioning 48 Tension members pull out force calculation 88 Tension members self tensioning Toolbar edit for menu items Translation activate ees ee see ee ee ee ee Tru stype font ES RE EE EE ed es Two wedge failure mechanism U Unit weight of soil enter eee ses se ee Unit weight of soil for bearing capacity it GE ER EE EE EG Verifications activate for nail wall analysis 146 Version number display in a message box Version number display in legend iese ese Vertical drains define esse ese ee ee E Vertical drains for consolidation analysis Vertical force for bearing capacity Vertical force for eccentricitY sees see Vertical load define for footing iese sees Vertical slice method analysis principles Vertical slice method select as analysis method dese ee en Ee ee ed 72 Vibrodisplacement compaction activate adOpHON ees se ee ee RR RA Ge ee erini Ge 72 Vibrodisplacement compaction activate explanat
35. ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA E ee ee ee ee ESEE Re Ge Re ee ae 137 9 9 1 Refresh and Zoom menu item ee ee ee ee RR RR RA GRA GRA GR GR ee ee ee 137 9 9 2 Zoominfo menu item i e EES ESE ESE ES Ee ER ES Ee die Gee Ee EE EE Gee Gee See Ee ES Sk Ke 137 9 9 3 Pen colour and width menu item ee se Re ER RR RA GRA GRA ee ee ee ee ee ee 137 9 9 4 Legend font selection menu iteM ee ee ee ER RA RA RA GRA Re ee ee Re ee ee 138 9 9 5 Mini CAD toolbar and Header toolbar menu items ies ees see se ee ee ee 138 9 9 6 Toolbar preferences menu item ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 138 9 9 7 Dimension lines menu item ese ee ee Re RE Re GR Re GRA GRA GRA GR ee Ge ee ee ee 140 9 9 8 Save graphics preferences menu item se se se RR AR GRA Re ee ee ee ee ee 141 9 9 9 Load graphics preferences menu item ese se RA RA RA Re ee ee Ee ee Ee 141 9 10 Page sizet margins MENU se er Se EK Es GEREG e SE DEE ER SeSe ER irat Go See Ee Ge Re EE ee 141 9 10 1 Auto resize menu item ees see see ee ee ee Re GR ER GR Re GRA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 141 9 10 2 Manual resize editor menu item se se Re RR RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 141 9 10 3 Zoom menu Item ES Re eg EER GER nde Ee Ried He wa 141 9 10 4 Manual resize mouse menu item esse ese ee ee se GE Re RR RA GRA GRA GR ee Ge ee ee ee 141 9 10 5 Save coordinates menu HEM ese ee ee ee RE Re RA RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 142 9 10 6 Load coor
36. elevation of the point where the load acts If the horizontal distributed load is a live load also activate the Live load check box GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 89 of 172 June 2015 9 2 3 Consolidation layers menu item The program can calculate excess pore water pressures due to consolidation processes in accor dance with classical consolidation theory one dimensional see Theoretical principles Sec tion 8 4 A layer can also be equipped with vertical drains Input of consolidation layers is almost completely analogous to that of artesian water Consolidation layers are independent of the layers entered using the menu item Editor 1 Enter system parameters Consolidation layers x Consolidation time days 0 0 Layer 1 2 With vertical drainage Layer 9 0 P With vertical drainage Layer 2 0 With vertical drainage Layer 10 0 With vertical drainage Layer 3 0 With vertical drainage Layer 11 0 J With vertical drainage Layer 5 0 Layer 6 0 Layer 7 0 Layer 8 0 Cancel 16 to 30 With vertical drainage Layer 13 0 J With vertical drainage With vertical drainage Layer 14 0 P With vertical drainage With vertical drainage Layer 15 0 P With vertical drainage With vertical drainage r Layer 4 0 P With vertical drainage Layer 12 0 P With vertical drainage m E i E A total of 30 consolidation layers can be defined You must first enter the Consolid
37. examine whether gradients greater than 45 2 occur in the passive earth pressure region of the respective slip body These slip bodies will not be investigated Slip body movement should to the left Begin calculation of all slip bodies using the All button Once calculations are complete you will be shown some statistics Beside stability the maximum geosynthetics forces resulting from slip body variation are determined After confirming with OK the slip body with the lowest FOS is displayed In the Utilisation factors menu point at the Show individual slip bodies or All menu items in order to display other slip bodies or all slip bodies Point at the Display results menu item to display the princi pal analysis parameters and to print them GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 42 of 172 June 2015 8 Theoretical principles 8 1 DIN 4084 2009 and GGU STABILITY DIN 4084 January 2009 edition is differs considerably from the previous DIN 4084 published in 1981 DIN 4084 100 referred to below as DIN 4084 1996 which also included the new partial safety factor concept was published as a draft in 1996 New analysis methods general wedge mecha nism and vertical slice methods were described using examples in an unpublished supplement to this standard These methods were implemented in the GGU STABILITY program in 1996 These methods are not standard dependent and therefore also apply to the global safety factor concept
38. export menu item You can select your output format in a dialog box You have the following possibilities Printer allows graphic output of the current screen contents graphical representation to the WINDOWS default printer or to any other printer selected using the menu item File Printer preferences But you may also select a different printer in the following dialog box by pressing the Printer prefs change printer button Prit NES Page sizes Output device civil server Lexmark T630 Output device mm x 286 y 201 Image mm x 420 0 y 297 0 Printer Printer prefs change printer Landscape M Output preferences Zoom factor 1 000 Fit to page Page overlap x mm 0 000 Page overlap y mm 0 000 Output of 4 pages 2 wide Print pages faz to 4 No of copies EN Cancel In the upper group box the maximum dimensions which the printer can accept are given Below this the dimensions of the image to be printed are given If the image is larger than the output format of the printer the image will be printed to several pages in the above ex ample 4 In order to facilitate better re connection of the images the possibility of enter ing an overlap for each page in x and y direction is given Alternatively you also have the possibility of selecting a smaller zoom factor ensuring output to one page Fit to page button Following this you
39. fald back Face definition Position of top fold back No of fees ho H Top foldback m o 000 2 m below top of wall Cohesion and geosynthetics J Consider cohesion far friction component Coefficient 0 500 For punching Tension members and export to GGU SLAB Horizontal nail spacing m 1 500 M Bearing capacity and sliding analysis Concrete shak gam2 as buoyant unit weight E te shell thick i Are shell EnEn n 020 J User defined soil properties Minimum earth pressure Phik TT 25 00 gam2 k kN rr 8 00 Use minimum earth pressure ck kN re 0 00 siglu kN Zr 0 00 Info phiers 40 00 m Slope angle beta 0 00 M Construction condition 11 my 0 ap T n Ja 4 4 4 J Investigate construction condition Info Wall toe is immoveable Info Cancel HE GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 143 of 172 June 2015 The faces are sections of the defined terrain polygon course They are continuously numbered from left to right In the GGU STABILITY program it is possible to define up to a maximum of six nailed slope faces To do this enter the number of nailed slope faces and assign these faces the corresponding face numbers see Figure 36 The thus defined slope faces are emphasised in the diagram by a slightly thicker line Figure 36 Face numbering face 2 and face 4 are nailed Corresponding to the se
40. has been removed the program can no longer be executed For installation of GGU software and the CodeMeter software please refer to the information in the Installation notes for GGU Software International which are supplied with the program 4 Language selection GGU STABILITY is a multilingual program The program always starts with the language set ting applicable when it was last ended The language preferences can be changed at any time in the menu using the menu item Lan guage preferences in German Spracheinstellung in Spanish Configuraci n de idioma GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 11 of 172 June 2015 5 Starting the program After starting the program you will see two menus at the top of the window File After clicking the File menu either an existing file can be loaded by means of the Load menu item or a new system can be created using New The program allows simple system input by moving directly to the Editor 1 Common systems menu item after New is clicked see Section 9 2 10 The dialog box in this case is expanded somewhat to allow you to select the applicable standard and the required analysis method Bis hop etc If you do not want to work with the Common systems dialog box click No in the query box or Cancel in the subsequent boxes You will then return to the home screen The program de fault standard is EC 7 and the analysis method used employs circular slip su
41. if for example you have used the zoom function to display parts of the screen and would like to quickly return to a complete overview e F1 opens the manual file e F2 refreshes the screen without altering the current magnification e F3 opens the menu item Editor 2 Surface e F5 opens the menu items Safety Utilisation factors slip circles Analyse or Safety Utilisation factors polygonal Analyse slip bodies e F6 opens the menu item Editor 2 Layers e F7 opens the menu item Nail wall Sliding overturning bearing failure e F8 opens the menu item Safety Utilisation factors slip circles Specific e F9 opens the menu item Page size margins Auto resize e F11 activates the menu item Editor 1 Move objects GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 164 of 172 June 2015 10 3 Copy print area icon A dialog box opens when the Copy print area icon in the menu toolbar is clicked de scribing the options available for this function For example using this icon it is possible to either copy areas of the screen graphics and paste them into the report or send them directly to a printer In the dialog box first select where the copied area should be transferred to Clipboard File or Printer The cursor is displayed as a cross after leaving the dialog box and keeping the left mouse button pressed the required area may be enclosed If the marked area does not suit your requirements abort the subseque
42. in the following figures 0 5 nail spacing d p gt Rotation around y axis 0 0 p Slab b Symmetry axis Length of concrete shell Slab is freely supported at top and bottom Y Support points at this edge with nails Figure 37 Structural system for a solid slab GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 157 of 172 June 2015 0 5 nail spacing ad M Slab T CA Symmetry axis Nail support point A Y Rotation around y axis 0 0 half distance between 2 nails Rotation around x axis and symmetry axis X Slab is freely supported at top Figure 38 Structural system for a horizontally continuous slab 0 5 nail spacing ad H Slab w DN Symmetry axis A y y Nail support point A y Rotation around y axis 0 0 half distance between 2 nails Rotation around x axis 0 0 and symmetry axis xX top and right Slab is freely supported at Figure 39 Structural system for a solo slab GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 158 of 172 June 2015 9 11 17 Active earth pressure after Culmann menu item The active earth pressure after Culmann can be determined using this menu item The following dialog box opens Active earth pressure after Culmann xj Info The earth pressure on the wall is calcu
43. m i The required company product can then be selected for each of the geosynthetics The coefficients defined for a geosynthetic the length and the inclination can be adopted for the remaining geosyn thetics by using the For others button eosynness x T Consider live loads Partial factor geos 1 40 Fow Bak Cancel_ Sort Top fold back m om a 3 Geosynthetics RO is given m below top of wall IV Reduction of shear strength due to geosynth 2 J Consider cohesion for friction component Coefficient 0 500 No x1 yl Inclination Length AO p A Geosynthetic Al A2 A4 m m m kN m o Oo N O n 1 000 6 0000 0 000 Fortrac 35 20 20 T y fi20 years D90 lt 2mm IE 4 9 7 For others 2 4 0002 2 0000 0 000 i 0 000 Fortrac 35 20 20 T zihi years v D30 lt 2mm gt oH 4 9 7 For others 3 j Y 2 S je is wo a 2 S t m m of 2 oj 2 oj 2 ojl o 0 000 i 0 000 Fortrac 35 20 20 T y fi20 years D90 lt 2mm IE 4 9 For others The force R0 designates an anchor at the head of the geosynthetic which can for instance be generated by folding over the geosynthetic The resulting force cannot be larger than R d After calculations are complete that part of the resultant force which was taken into account will be colour filled so that simple checking is possible On exiting the dialog box the geosynthetics are automatically sorte
44. manual and the program Nail geosynthetic or tension member Nail wall wall monolithic soil prism created by nailing or reinforced earth wall with geosynthetics Rear face of wall rear face of nail wall or reinforced earth wall GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 55 of 172 June 2015 8 8 3 Verification of inner stability Verification of inner stability can be performed using the original GGU STABILITY method However the generation of slip surfaces remains time consuming This process is simplified by additional functions in the Nail wall menu which substantial quickens generation of nails in a regular array Following generation of the slip surfaces the inner stability can be investigated using the menu item Safety Utilisation factors Analyse slip bodies The slip surfaces can be analysed accord ing to either Janbu the General wedge method or the Vertical slice method In accordance with current standards the governing verification for nail design is the one produc ing the greatest nail forces The following investigations are necessary for this e Load components in the nails arising from slip body investigation for final and construction condition e Load components in the nails arising from earth pressure on the concrete shell or exterior skin The earth pressure from the nailed earth prism acting on the concrete shell or exterior skin may be adopted at 0 85 x active earth pressure value but without applying
45. nails anchors geosynthetics or tension members generation a dialog box opens in which you can initiate regeneration of slip surfaces see Nail wall Generate slip surfaces menu item in Section 9 11 11 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 149 of 172 June 2015 9 11 9 Modify menu item If you have defined tension members and calculations have shown that other tension members would suffice you can edit length and adhesive force easily using this menu item Tension members modify x m Lengthen all with a factor Factor 1 2000 Carry out r New length for all Length m 6 0000 Carry out r New length for all A DDD Diameter m 0 1000 Carry out New free length for all Free length m 0 0000 Carry out New A d for all R d kN fi 00 0000 Carry out r Friction at slice toe J Adopt Carry out Close If you then select one of the Carry out buttons the corresponding changes will be made If the nail wall consists of soil nails anchors or geosynthetics you will see a modification dialog box It contains the requisite input boxes for the respective nailing element Attention The adhesive force of a soil nail is with regard to one running metre of wall width It re sults from multiplication with the horizontal nail spacing The anchor force is with regard to one running metre of wall width The anchor force of an anchor results from multiplicatio
46. nc din A a eek MA es 102 9 3 Editor 2 tens dd ee eos Bien Sentences a eee nee Bate oe GE 103 93 1 Array ment item ese EE EE SE GE SG ER cdi SE EN VEG Ee Ee seg ue Ee Ee Een Ee eg 103 932 Surface menuitem ie Re EES EE OE Ee eee ROR raed Ree 103 9 3 3 Pore water pressure menu item esse ee ee ee E GRA GR ee Ge ee ee ee 103 9 3 4 Layers menu item Ee Ee SEE EE GE Ge ee EE Ee GEN SR Ee Ge Ge ee gee ES Es Gee SON Ee ii 103 9 3 5 Loads point loads menu iteM iese ee ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 104 9 3 6 Anchors dowels nails geosynthetics TM menu iteM ees ee see ee ee ee ee 104 9 3 7 Artesian menu item EER ER Se EER EE Se EN SEG GE Ge es en Ee ee EE Ge ee Eg ee ee 104 9 3 8 Water levels menu item esse see ee ee ee Re Re ER GR Re RA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 105 9 3 9 Consolidation layers menu item ese ee ee ee Re ER RA RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 105 9 3 10 Structural elements Encased columns menu iteM ees see see ee ee ee Ee Ee 105 9 3 11 Inclinations menu itEM seene ee ee Re Re E GRA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 105 9 3 12 Coordinates menu item ees see see ee ee ee Re Re ER GR Re GRA GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee 106 9 3 13 Stresses ment item ss SEE kee GE RE EE RE ALR GEE R a 106 9 3 14 Undo menu item ee ee ee Re ae ee ee ee Re GE Re GR Re GR Re GR Re GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 106 9 3 T5 Restore mEn MEM Ee N EE EE IE 106 93 16 Preferences
47. of 172 June 2015 7 2 2 Surface points Ex 2 Next the coordinates of the surface points must be specified Select the Surface points button to do this Surface points x Back Cancel Done Import clipboard 0 surface points to edit Sort No x m y m The example system has 8 surface points To edit the number of surface points select 0 surface point s to edit Then enter 8 as new number and confirm with OK You can now enter the 8 coordinate pairs x y The example requires input of the following values Surface points x Forw Back Cancel L Done Import clipboard 8 surface point s to edit Sort No x m y m 1 coo ff 70 0000 2 saag ff 70 0000 3 160000 75 0000 4 2 0000 75 0000 5 360000 70 0000 6 440000 70 0000 7 530000 f 67 0000 8 sooooa ff 67 0000 alae Note on surface points After leaving the dialog box via the Done button the coordinate pairs will be sorted ac cording to increasing x values This allows simple deleting and inserting of surface points You can delete a point by entering a large x value and then reducing the number of points by 1 Inserting a point is achieved by increasing the number of points by 1 and then entering the coordinate pair at the end of the table You can edit superfluous surface points even simpler using the mouse see Section 6 5 In the dialog box 32 value pairs maximum are displayed at once If the system ha
48. screen in order to view details better An information box provides information on activating the zoom function and on available options Pen colour and width menu item In order to enhance the clarity of the graphics you can edit the pen settings for various graphic elements e g ground line soil layers etc You can edit the pen widths for the elements shown in the dialog box by clicking on the button with the element designation you can also edit the pen or fill colours On monochrome printers e g laser printers colours are shown in a corresponding grey scale Graphic elements employing very light colours may be difficult to see In such cases it makes sense to edit the colour preferences GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 137 of 172 June 2015 9 9 4 Legend font selection menu item With this menu item you can switch to a different true type font All available true type fonts are displayed in the dialog box 9 9 5 Mini CAD toolbar and Header toolbar menu items Using these two menu items you can add free text to the graphics and add lines circles polygons and graphics e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc The same pop up menu opens for both menu items the icons and functions used are described in more detail in the Mini CAD man ual provided The differences between the Mini CAD and Header CAD are as follows e Objects created with Mini CAD are based on the coordinate system generally in metres in whi
49. the left mouse button For a soil column define the x and y coordinates of the base of the soil columns using mouse clicks The same dialog box opens for generating encased columns opens as that in the menu item Editor 1 Structural elements Encased columns see Section 9 2 4 2 9 3 11 Inclinations menu item In some cases it is desirable to be able to edit slope geometry via inclinations After selecting this menu item click in the centre of the surface line layer line etc to be edited Surface EE Surface No d to 5 x ordinate left 21 0000 y ordinate left 75 0000 Inclination 0 3333 18 43 Horizontal length 15 0000 Cancel Among other things you can edit the inclination in the dialog box that opens here GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 105 of 172 June 2015 9 3 12 Coordinates menu item System input via the mouse is comfortable You can ease your work further by getting hold of a Bitmap file of the system using a scanner This Bitmap file can be displayed on the screen using the Mini CAD program module see Section 9 9 5 and supplied Mini CAD manual You need then only click on decisive system points As the exact scale adjustment of the Bitmap file can be somewhat time consuming you can edit and move the coordinates of the slope geometry using this menu item Edit coordinates x Edit coordinates x new factor x old displacement x vlnew factor yfold displa
50. the next method Janbu General wedge method etc The method and selected standard are displayed at the right of the status bar lower screen boundary Undo move object By clicking this tool the last alteration in your system or the last performed movement of graphi cal elements made using the F11 function key or the menu item Editor 1 Move objects can be undone This only works if the undo function is activated in the menu item Editor 2 Preferences Cu Restore move object By clicking this tool the last alteration in your system or object movement undo carried out using Undo move object can be restored This only works if the undo function is activated in the menu item Editor 2 Preferences GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 139 of 172 June 2015 Dimension lines menu item You can define a vertical and or horizontal dimension line for the graphics in order to emphasise and clarify the system dimensions Dimension lines for surface points x Horizontal dimension line MV Display add for loads add for layers Font size mm 2 0 Decim pl j2 y m above highest surface point 2 00 m Vertical dimension line MV Display J add for loads add for layers Font size mm 2 0 Decim pl 27 x m from surface point 1 2 00 Parallel dimension line MM Display Font size mm 2 0 Decim pl j2 Distance ml 1 00 Cancel The distance to the surface po
51. the top and the bottom Due to the non horizontal position a two dimensional consolidation will actually take place The program calculates with one dimensional consolidation in the vertical direction with sufficient precision and generally on the safe side If a slice foot is within the layer the layer thickness is determined from the two polygons Together with the vertical position within the layer and the other decisive quantities the program determines the excess pore water pressure at the user defined time If you calculate with consolidation layers it may be necessary to carry out several calculations for the same system using different times GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 51 of 172 June 2015 Besides classical consolidation theory the program also commands cases in which the consolida tion is accelerated by vertical drains e g sand drains The principles are explained in Das Ad vanced Soil Mechanics McGraw Hill Section Vertical drain Area of influence Figure 16 Vertical drains The honeycomb structure around a drain can be converted to an equivalent circle so that an axis symmetrical consolidation calculation can be carried out for each drain In this case according to theory dissipation of excess pore water pressure only takes place horizontal to the drains axis symmetrical so the drainage conditions at the top and base of the layer need not be given In stead the drained distance d to one another
52. this condition is not adhered to an error message will be issued with information on the layer number and correction possibilities Erroneous input is therefore not possible To edit the number of soil layers select x layer s to edit Then enter 2 as the new number and confirm with OK Enter the coordinates and soil numbers of your layers tavers 6 6 hl Forw Back Cancel Cut 2 layer s to edit Import clipboard Paste Mark No ulleft vlleft x right yfright Soil no m m m m C 1 0 0000 0 0000 30 0000 0 0000 N C 2 15 0000 12 0000 30 0000 12 0000 2 The dialog box for the soil layers has two additional buttons in comparison to the corresponding boxes for surface points and soil properties e Cut and e Paste GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 76 of 172 June 2015 Further small boxes are placed in front of each of the layer values In order to delete a layer you must click on the box of the layer to be deleted and then select the Cut button The layer will then be deleted The layer values are copied to an internal buffer and used as the new values for a layer if a Paste is necessary This makes it easy to reorganise layers Pasting of layer is analo gous to cutting A new layer will be pasted in front of the marked layer Correct sorting can also be left to the program by selecting the Test system menu item from the Editor 1 menu The program will find any irregularities a
53. wall General notes on nail wall analysis Generally a nail wall consists of soil nails grouted from the nail head to the tip However in high slopes the soil nails can become very long the grouted section in the region of the concrete shell is then frequently superfluous In such cases anchors with limited grout sections are usually more economical To facilitate consideration of both cases it is possible to define a free length for ten sion members In addition the nails can also consist of geosynthetics allowing analysis of rein forced earth walls Soil nail analyses are not codified in German regulations However permits containing notes on analysis have been issued by the German Institute for Construction Technology for soil nailing systems offered by a number of companies Analysis of soil nailing generally requires six separate verifications e Verification of inner stability via slip body investigations generally with a failure mecha nism consisting of two bodies The verification can be carried out using the Fellenius Rule n tan cal tan req which is realised in the program e Verification of sliding safety e Verification of overturning stability Resultant must intersect the base surface in the 1 core dimension b 6 e Verification of bearing capacity safety e Verification of general stability e Verification of the concrete shell Terms The following simplified term definitions are used in the
54. 0 Consolidation layers define with mouse 105 Consolidation PrOCESS iese ee ee RA Ge se 51 Constrained modulus enter for consolidation layer ees ee se Ge ek Ge 91 Construction condition ee esse ee se ee se se 60 Context menu OPEN ese ee ee ee ee ee 164 Contours display for FOS mu as colour filled lines ee ee se ee ee 131 Contours display for FOS mu as normal NES ss esse SE REGSE EERS EERS e ee 130 Contours display for potentials of PWP MESH OE N EE 109 Coordinates alter using an editor 141 Coordinates alter with mouse 00006 141 Coordinates edit for slip bodies ee 124 Coordinates edit for slope geometry Coordinates Optimise ee ee se ee ee se Coordinates save load Coordinates ZOOM ese see ee ee ee ee Copy print area iese ese se se ee ee ee G lman eserinin nii Cutting borders switch on off D Delauney triangulation seseseseseeeeeeeeereeereeeee Delete all centre points Delete all slip bodies ee se ee Delete individual centre points 122 Delete individual slip bodies iese sees 125 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 167 of 172 June 2015 Delete several pwp mesh elements 111 Delete soil layers in iese se ee Rg 31 77 Delete surface points ee sees se ee ee ee 29 74 Design values input calculatiOn sesse sesse 48 Dimension lines define iese ee ee ee e
55. 0 58 0 70 0 76 0 73 0 65 0 51 0 45 0 66 0 77 0 74 0 69 0 55 0 37 0 60 0 75 0 75 0 72 0 61 0 35 0 49 0 72 0 75 0 73 0 67 0 33 0 46 0 70 0 73 0 73 0 70 The slip circle with the highest utilisation factor now lies within the selected array The stability of the slope is verified Further arrays may need to be investigated for slopes with numerous layers In case of uncertainty the region above the slope face can be plastered with centre points Figure 30 Results for centre point array 2 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 118 of 172 June 2015 eG TE r any rites AO ae a U a a red Er aap a eae fees ER EER EI LYF EE EE EL EE lie EL reed nis oe ieee tse Fury saia t HEN era r HH NAN To a an nAn Si a a a a A RT HEER EER EERDER p oat EE at ARE EG HE EE IERE EE EE Ty ME EN oe AE EE Er HERE ANAS EE RANAN EE
56. 003450382046 Import data Cancel The current line of the ASCII file is shown at the top of the window Using the arrows at the right you can move through the file If all input is correct the result for this line will appear in the box below the columns Otherwise Error will appear You may then have to alter the column de limiter If the file contains invalid as well as valid lines these will be simply skipped when read ing Finally select the Import data button You can then further process the read in coordi nates The coordinates and the potential alone do not supply the program with the necessary information After loading an ASCII file you must additionally specify how the individual nodes are linked to one another Further explanations can be found in the other menu items of the Pwp mesh menu ASCII files generated for use with GGU STABILITY by the GGU SS FLOW2D or GGU 3D SSFLOW programs can be imported directly The node relationships are also imported with these files Further processing within this menu are then no longer neces sary GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 108 of 172 June 2015 9 4 3 9 4 4 9 4 5 9 4 6 Points to mesh menu item Using this menu item if you have already entered a slope system you can create a pwp mesh from this system which must then generally be further refined Contours menu item If you have read in a pwp mesh or have defined a pwp mesh by ha
57. 13 For input select the Anchors button and enter the number of anchors in accordance with the previous description Then the size of the anchor force and the coordinates of the anchor head and the anchor foot must be specified Anchor forces will naturally only then be considered when the anchor head lies within the slip body and the anchor foot lies outside Apart from the possibility of entering pre stressed anchors it is possible to use non pre stressed anchors e g for geosynthetic layers but see also the section on soil nails The difference is that for pre stressed anchors in the area of the intersection with the slice the friction force due to the pre stressing will also be considered Specify whether or not an anchor is pre stressed with the check box in front of each anchor For calculations according to DIN 4084 2009 or EC 7 the pro cedure is as in Sections 8 1 and 8 2 key words self tensioning act favourably and pre stressed If you specify a grouted section L Gr gt 0 0 and the grouted section is intersected during the following calculations the anchor force will be distributed evenly along the grouted section and only that force component which lies outside of the slip body will be considered CI j x Forw Back Cancel Info Modify 1 anchor s to edit Automatically Sort No R d x head y head Inclination Length L Gr Prestressed kN m m m P m m M 1 100 000 10 0000
58. 15 9 2 15 Move objects menu item Select this menu item in order to position legends diagrams and other graphical elements at the desired position on the output sheet You can also move objects by pressing F11 and then posi tioning the legend box with the left mouse button pressed In that case an info box appears no more 9 2 16 Footing menu item If you activated the Bearing capacity option button in the Editor VAnalysis options menu item a further menu item Footing becomes visible Footing for bearing capacity x Footing parameters x m 0 0000 y m 0 0000 width m 1 0000 Inclination 7 ooo V IKN m 100 0000 H kN m 0 0000 Cancel Here you enter the footing parameters required for bearing capacity analysis e x y position of left footing edge e Width footing width e Inclination inclination of footing base e V vertical load on footing e H horizontal load on footing For a bearing capacity analysis the safety is then acquired from a comparison of the failure load V and the working strip footing load V yo also see Section 8 5 n Vy V work For an analysis of bearing capacity the program varies the load V until the slope stability FOS n 1 0 using the global safety factors or the utilisation factor u 1 0 using the partial fac tors When using variation the horizontal load is increased or decreased corresponding to the vertical load GGU STA
59. 1997 1 esse ee se ee se ee 95 Passive earth pressure wedge test 25 38 134 Passive earth pressure wedge visualisation 54 Passive earth pressure activate for analysis 38 Passive earth pressure consider in analysis 54 Pen preferences edit for graphical elements 137 Permanent loads define via editor iese sees 78 Permanent loads define with mouse 19 104 Permeability enter for consolidation layer 91 Phreatic line see ee ee Ge Ge ek Ge ee Plot margins define iese ee se ee ee se Point loads consider in analysis Point loads define via editor Point loads define with mouse Pore water pressure coefficient enter 75 Pore water pressure line define points With MOUSE eie ees ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 17 103 Pore water pressure line define via Edito ee esse die vee dee EE eg EN ER N De 32 77 Pore water pressure line select for analysis 72 Pore water pressure mesh define elements With mouse eise se ee ee ee ee ee 111 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 169 of 172 June 2015 Pore water pressure mesh define nodes Vid ditor EE N cena EE 110 Pore water pressure mesh define nodes WIth MOUSE siese KS ENG EES eeg d EoN si de ges 109 Pore water pressure mesh delete elements automati ally see SEE ES de seed covets lanes 111 Pore water pressure mesh delete selected all elements ses ese Eed sesde Ee Ig ee 111
60. 2 11 Soil nails button This element should no longer be used It is simpler to work with tension members instead see following section 9 2 2 13 The action of soil nails is shown in the following figure Soil nail Slip circle Resisting component Figure 21 Soil nails For input select the Soil nail button and enter the number of soil nails in accordance with the previous description Then the coordinates of the soil nail and the values of the adhesive forces f1 d and f2 d to be transmitted by the soil nail must be entered If the soil nail has a circumference of e g 0 10 m can activate an adhesive stress f d of 100 kN m constantly over its skin surface and has a nail spacing perpendicular to the observation plane of 1 5 m the adhesive force to be entered is 100 0 10 1 5 6 7 kN m m m 6 7 KN m m Soil nails will naturally only then be considered when the nail intersects the slip surface GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 82 of 172 June 2015 The adhesive force component outside of the slip body is determined and added to the effective lever arm For polygonal slip surfaces only the horizontal component of the adhesive force is considered If the start and end points lie outside of the slip body and two intersections with the slip body are present the soil nail force will not be considered After calculations that part of the soil nail adhesive force which was taken into account will be colour fi
61. 3 0000 45 000 21 000 0 000 The inclination is from the x axis positive in clockwise direction The example 1 in Supplement 2 of the DIN 4084 contains an anchor GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 79 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 8 Artesian button If you enter an artesian you can thus consider confined groundwater systems For input select the Artesian button and enter the number of polygon points for the confined aquiclude in accor dance with the previous description Then you must enter the x coordinates of the confined aqui fer and the corresponding values for base and top of aquiclude and the water level below the base of the aquiclude Artesian hE Forw Back Cancel Sort 0 artesian point s to edit No x m Base of Top of Water level aquiclude m aquiclude m artesian m If a slice foot is above the top of the aquiclude the pore water pressure will be calculated from the pore water pressure line see Section 7 2 5 If a slice foot is below the base of the aquiclude the pore water pressure will be calculated from the water level below the base If a slice foot is be tween the base and top of the aquiclude linear interpolation will be carried out 9 2 2 9 Earthquake button After selecting the Earthquake button you can specify earthquake loads Consideration is done using acceleration values in the horizontal and vertical direction in multiples of gravitational ac celeration Earthauake x
62. 30 Figure I System of worked example 1 We have a 6 0 m high slope to be reinforced with geosynthetics The groundwater level is at surface level The system has two differing soils The soil properties are given in the legend A permanent load of 5 kN m on the slope is to be considered In principle system input can be carried out manually using direct numerical input or with the mouse on the screen or with a mixture of the two Direct numerical system input is described in the Worked example 2 Data input via editor in Section 7 All further explanations concern ing numerical system input can be found in Section 9 2 2 Editor 1 Enter system parameters menu item Following input with the mouse will be described GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 13 of 172 June 2015 6 2 Step 1 Select analysis options Ex 1 After starting the program the logo is at first displayed Select the menu item File New and leave the dialog box Common systems with No The Analysis options dialog box which can also be accessed via the Editor 1 menu opens for input Analysis options x Standard f EC C DIN 4084 2009 C DIN 4084 1996 DIN 4084 1981 Calculation of Slope failure Bearing capacity Method Bishop circles slices te Janbu polvaons slices C General wedge method C Krey circles slices C Vertical slice methoc Pore water pressure Pore water pressure line
63. BILITY User Manual Page 102 of 172 June 2015 9 3 9 3 1 9 3 2 9 3 3 9 3 4 Editor 2 menu Array menu item This menu item was previously explained in Worked example 1 Data input with mouse see Section 6 4 When entering system data using the mouse it may often be useful to lock on to cer tain array points Using this menu item you can define the array to be adopted The default array colour is a light grey which does not overwhelm the graphics If you would prefer to use a different colour use the Edit array colour button When the Use array check box is activated the defined array is used in conjunction with the subsequent menu items for mouse input of system data and for the definition of polygonal slip bodies Surface menu item With this menu item you can enter the system surface line via the mouse see Worked example 1 Section 6 5 The dialog box which appears explains the possibilities This function can also be initialized pressing the F3 function key If you activate the Snap to current line ends check box crosshairs will be shown instead of the mouse cursor or if you prefer large crosshairs with an enveloping rectangle If you have already made some input or Mini CAD data including those created with DXF import are present the program will snap on to the nearest point if the point is within the rectangle when you click the mouse If e g the system to be calculated exists as a DXF planning file
64. DIN 4084 1996 also included completely new designations for determination of stability using Bishop and Janbu methods circular and non circular slip surfaces These equations were not initially implemented and were put on hold until the official introduction of the DIN 4084 1996 In GGU STABILITY the designation DIN 4084 1996 therefore means that stability is analysed using the equations published in DIN 4084 in 1981 but using partial safety concept definitions Analysis uses the design variables and cy tan a tan 9 Y Ca Ck Ye x and c characteristic shear strength values Q4 and ci shear strength design values In addition partial factors must be applied to live loads e g 1 3 in Load Case 1 Stability is then analysed using the modified values This gives the safety factor n in accordance with the global safety factor concept but relative to the design values The reciprocal of this global safety factor nd gives the utilisation factor u in accordance with the partial safety factor concept w 1 ma It was not until January 2009 that this concept was made mandatory The new DIN 4084 2009 was primarily based on the relationships defined in DIN 4084 1996 However it also includes consid erable modifications All new relationships are implemented in their entirety in the current version of the GGU STABILITY program Comparative analyses using existing examples found in the literature and existing standards indi c
65. Ex 1 If you wish you can now calculate safety against sliding overturning and bearing capacity failure menu item Nail wall Sliding overturning bearing failure see Section 9 11 12 The active earth pressure on the reinforced earth wall which is required for the three verifications is then calculated with cohesion A further evaluation can be carried out using the menu items Nail wall Maximum nail forces Section 9 11 13 or Nail wall Maximum nail forces punching Section 9 11 14 and Nail wall Calculate earth pressure weight Section 9 11 15 All principal data and results will be displayed in legends on the output sheet Position the legends to suit your taste using the menu item Editor 1 Move objects Section 9 2 15 or using the mouse after pressing F11 The legends can be most easily edited and modified by double clicking with the left mouse button and then entering your preferences into the editor boxes Enter a company letterhead To do this activate the Mini CAD system by pointing to Graphics preferences Header toolbar and load the example file GGU STABILITY e kpf using the Load smart icon in the pop up menu If desired save the file to your hard drive menu item File Save as Section 9 1 4 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 26 of 172 June 2015 7 Worked example 2 Data input via editor 7 1 Step 1 Select analysis options Ex 2 Experience has shown that data input via editor is generally only us
66. Input kh ah g horizontal 0 0000 i Info kv av g vertical 0 0000 ah horizontal seismic acceleration in m s av vertical seismic acceleration in m s g gravitational acceleration 9 81 m s Info kh 0 1 gt Building damage kh 0 2 gt Serious building damage kh 0 8 gt Devastating kh 1 0 gt Complete devastation Cancel GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 80 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 10 Dowels button The action of soil dowels is shown in the following figure Slip circle E bottom Resisting component Soil dowel Resultant is at the intersection with the slip circle Figure 20 Soil dowels For input select the Dowels button and enter the number of soil dowels in accordance with the previous description Then the coordinates of the soil dowel and the values of the earth pressures el d and e2 d to be transmitted by the soil dowel must be entered If the soil dowel consists of e g a 0 75 m diameter pile which can activate a lateral earth pressure e d of 25 kN m constantly along its length and has a pile spacing perpendicular to the observation plane of 2 1 m the earth pressure force to be entered is 25 0 75 2 1 8 9 kN m m m 8 9 KN m m Soil dowels will naturally only then be considered when the dowel intersects the slip sur face The earth pressure force component which lies outside of the slip body is determ
67. It is possible to edit the soil properties in the soil legend box by clicking the Edit soil properties button A dialog box opens this is normally reached via the menu item Editor 1 Enter system parameters Soil properties button see Section 7 2 3 If System coloured is activated in the combo box the soils will be displayed coloured both in the soil properties legend and in the system graphics You can also define either hatching or colour fill and hatching for the different soil types in the combo box If you select System without all the soils are merely numbered The required settings can be made in the Soil colours hatching group box e Automatically The soils are assigned soils colours automatically by the program If the check box is not selected the soil colours individually defined using the Colours button will be adopted GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 100 of 172 June 2015 e Colours You will see a dialog box in which you can define your preferences After clicking the button with the desired number you can assign each soil layer a new number or reorganise using the Soil colours Reorganise command button You can save your colour prefer ences to a file with Soil colours Save and use them for different systems by means of the Soil colours Load command button In the lower group box you can also transfer the colour preferences to the Windows colour management dialog box or vice versa as user defined colo
68. Men Ui tem is ack ee eee NA eon ee BEA ee EE 106 94 Pwp mesh pore water pressure mesh MENU see sa ae ae ee ee ee Re Ge Re ee Re GRA 107 94 1 Principles id duel se AS REG GE E Ail De elie ede 107 942 TASCH file menw item ii BEER GE EG ese A Ge A a 108 9 4 3 Points to mesh menu item ee ee ee ee Re GR ER RA RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 109 9 4 4 Contours menu item ee see ee ee ee ee E Re GRA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 109 9 4 5 Determine pwp menyita nrrainn e ee Re GR GR Re GR Re RA GRA GRA Gee Ge ee ee ee 109 94 6 Define nodes menu item see Ee ESE SESSE Ee ER SG Ee Ee cose EE EG GEES Ge Ne Ee Se EE Se eed 109 9 4 7 Change menu item ee see ee ae ee ee ee a GE Re RR GR Re GRA GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee 110 ERG EEU OE EO EE eRe te A OO AN 110 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 4 of 172 June 2015 9 4 9 Edit menite Be Re see eo eke EE 110 9 4 10 Manual meshing menu it M ees see se ee ee ee Re Re GR Re GR Re RA GRA GRA GR ee Ge ee ee ee 111 9 4 11 Automatic meshing menu itEM iese ee se Re ER RR RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 111 94 12 Round off menu item este Re BE eed ge ho hence ODE ee Se ude 111 9 413 Delete menu item SS Go EE SEE EE GR RE ed ee ed Ee es AES 111 9 4 14 Refine individually menu item iese sesse ee ee ee GR GE Re GR Re GRA GRA GRA GR ee Ge ee ee ee 112 gA TS Section meni US OE OE EE N 113 9 4 16 All menu ate EG feck see ee EE ee De he ew Re hoon A 113 9 5 Centre points
69. OS worked example 1 6 13 Step 12 Optimise geosynthetics Ex 1 The used geosynthetics will lead to an unstable slope Use the menu item Nail wall optimise to find the optimum geosynthetics The following dialog box opens Optimise geosynthetics i xj Select 6 geosynthetics defined 2 Optimise which geosynthetics All z Cancel Adopt the preferences and start optimisation of all geosynthetics The result with optimum geo synthetics will be shown in a message box Adopt the new geosynthetics with OK Then restart the slope analysis using Utilisation factors Analyse slip bodies menu item GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 25 of 172 June 2015 6 14 Geosynthetics Geos Fortrac 55 30 20 T Fortrac 55 30 20 T Fortrac 55 30 20 T Fortrac 55 30 20 T Fortrac 55 30 20 T Geos 3 u 0 90 R d 23 0 F 23 0 Fortrac 55 30 20 T Geos 2 y 0 90 R d 23 0 F 23 0 Ee force on outer skin from earth pressure Ens force from failure mechanism divided by n n 1 p Geos 1 u 0 90 R d 23 0 F 23 0 f pu tan lt o Standard EC 7 Yce 1 40 Figure 10 Result after optimisation worked example 1 Using the new geosynthetics an adequate utilisation factor can be achieved Step 13 Evaluate and visualise the results
70. Pore water pressure mesh display potentials as contours ee see see ee eg 109 Pore water pressure mesh edit individual NOES ss EES EER EN Ee EED DS ERGE Ee Eg Eg 110 Pore water pressure mesh generate automati allys ss ses EES des Es GE Ee s 111 Pore water pressure mesh load save as ASCINTIE sr EE Ee ike yht 108 Pore water pressure mesh move nodes WIth MOUSE is Es SR de EA Ee seg de ge de ges 110 Pore water pressure mesh refine all elements dersoek RE Re DNE Red Ee Ig eg 113 Pore water pressure mesh refine individual element esse sees se ee ee ee ee 112 Pore water pressure mesh refine several AE ER EE OE EE 113 Pore water pressure mesh select for UI OER EE EE cs 72 Pore water pressure activate display using slip bodies ee ee se Re ee eg 136 Pore water pressure activate display using slip circles esse ee Re ioa 128 Pore water pressure calculation considering artesiaN esse see se ee ee eee 80 Pore water pressure calculation for slice 32 77 Pore water pressure define in slopes 107 Pore water pressure determination from PWP MES EO cates aay 107 Pore water pressure determine at any point 109 Pore water pressure import points via Windows clipboard sessen 32 77 Pressure line consider in analysis sesse sesse 50 Principal slip surfaces bodies define 123 Print graphics senstant Print output table Print section Print several f
71. Priebe Die Bemessung von Riittelstopfverdichtung Ground Engineering December 1995 using the Vibrodisplacement compaction Priebe present check box The literature provides several examples which divide the force of the tension member of soil dowels e g DIN 4084 Example 1 geosynthetics and soil nails by the current FOS and then consider this value in the numerator of the relationships after Bishop or Janbu Normally the check box Divide activated force with FOS can be deactivated The forces from structural elements are then incorporated into the equation without reductions If you have selected the partial safety factor concept to DIN 4084 1996 or DIN 4084 2009 and then exit the dialog box using OK you first get the dialog box for defining the partial safety factors see menu item Editor 1 Partial factors Section 9 2 5 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 72 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 Enter system parameters menu item Using this menu item system input can be carried out manually using direct numerical input Ex perience has shown that data input via editor is usually only used to correct geometry entered using the mouse You will see the central dialog box for the system to be processed Enter system parameters x MV New image coordinates after Done Slip body movement to left C right Water level at front left of slope m ooo Water level at front right of slope m ooo gamma water kN rr J 10 000 No
72. Slope stability analysis and analysis of soil nailing and reinforced earth walls to DIN 4084 and EC 7 GGU STABILITY VERSION 11 Last revision June 2015 Copyright Prof Dr Johann Buf Technical implementation and sales Civilserve GmbH Steinfeld Content N yo DE EE EE EE N EE EE EE 9 Z Capability EE EE OE LE OE MO EE ON 10 3 Licence protection and installation sees ssee esse ees ese EE Ge EE Se EE Ge EE SA EE Ge EE SA EE Ge EE ee Ee Ge ee ee 11 4 Language selectiOn sesse esse see see See Bee Bee Be Ee Ee Ee Ee EE EG SEG DRA BRA Bee Be Ee Ee Ee Ee ee Ge See 11 5 Starting the DrOOFAM e esse esse see see sees see Bee Be Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee SEE DRA BRA Bee Be Ee Ee Ee ee ee Ge See 12 6 Worked example 1 Data input with mouse ee see esse esse es see see EE Se Ee Ge EE ee EE Ge EE ee Ee Ge ee ee 13 6 1 System description EX T kenarina ge SE Ee De GROF eek Ee Oe GEED ge Ges Ee GER ge cess 13 6 2 Step 1 Select analysis options EX 1 iese se ee ee ee ee ee GE Re GR GR Re GR Re RA GR ee Re ee ee ee 14 6 3 Step 2 Adjust page coordinates EX 1 ees esse ee ee ee ee Ge Re Ge Re Ge Re GR Re GRA GRA GR ee ee ee ee 15 6 4 Step 3 Definearray Ex dt n ESE GER Re GESE Ee Ge ee DEGREE EE Ge Ee dee wa a as 15 6 5 Step 4 Enter surface and pore water pressure points EX 1 ies sees sesse esse ese ee ee ee ee 16 6 6 Step 5 Enter soil layers Ex 1 iese SE Ese Ge es Gee ESE EG Ge VER ee iie DER See Se Gee ee Ee ee e
73. TABILITY If for example you would like to calculate the bearing capacity safety of a strip footing within a slope enter the strip footing load as a permanent load and increase the actual load value by the required safety factor e g n 2 0 For the following slope failure calculation you need only verify that the slope failure safety factor is above 1 0 If you interested in the actual safety factor value you must vary the size of the load by hand until you get a safety factor of 1 0 according to DIN 4084 For this special case the program has a routine to do this work for you For verification of a strip foot ing in a slope the DIN 4084 Supplement Section 4 contains an appropriate but very carefully formulated note In principle for bearing capacity analysis on the basis of the DIN 4084 you will not get the same safety factors as with DIN 4017 as the theoretical basis is not identical In par ticular the DIN 4017 assumes no shear strength above the footing base In the DIN 4017 areas above the footing base are only considered with respect to surcharge loads Procedure for partial safety factor concept As described above for the global safety factor concept the forces V and H are modified until the utilisation factor for the slope stability analysis is 1 0 This gives the ultimate bearing capacity Vp and from this the utilisation factor for bearing capacity analysis V V Using the partial safety factor concept loads must be incre
74. ads to stratified anisotropic landfill masses Stability analyses for anisotropic landfill masses are dealt with in GDA recommendation R 2 29 From a waste mechanics perspective waste dissimilar to soil is regarded as a composite material consisting of an underlying matrix and a fibre matrix based on the principles of fibre reinforced soils Based on the model describing the interactions of tensile and friction forces in a composite material superimposing the two shear strength components generally produces a non linear failure condition Such failure conditions are known from reinforced earth masses EBGEO Empfehlun gen fiir Bewehrungen aus Geokunststoffen Recommendations for Geosynthetic Reinforcements The cause of the non linearity is the limited dependence of the normal stress on the reinforcing effect The magnitude of the allowable tensile forces depends on the fibre properties and the grain matrix as well as the surcharge load The strength characteristics of the fibre matrix are described by two material parameters e The fibre specific tensile strength Zmax e The angle A surcharge independent component of the tensile strength zo which cannot be differentiated from any cohesion c of the underlying matrix may also occur The angle amp describes how the normal stress is a function of the reinforcing effect The transfer of tensile forces by the fibres is limited by the fibre specific tensile strength Zax When the fibre
75. an view and print a table of individual slip body results using the Table button see Section 9 1 10 3 File Print output table button Output as ASCII GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 133 of 172 June 2015 9 8 6 Analyse intermediate slip bodies menu item If you have defined a minimum of two polygonal slip bodies you can have further slip bodies intermediate slip bodies calculated from these The only condition is that both slip bodies have the same amount of slip body points Several slip bodies from two slip bodies xj From 2 existing slip bodies you can calculate several further slip bodies The new slip bodies are generated by linear extrapolation between the points of the two existing bodies The number of intermediate points can be defined No of intermediate points 2 Slip body A 1 7 Slip body B 2 7 IV Test passive earth pressure wedge No of slices 50 Slip body movement to left right Cancel You must first specify the number of intermediate points and the number of both slip bodies for which intermediate slip bodies are to be calculated Using this value the positions of intermediate points between the x and y coordinates of both boundary slip bodies are determined The higher this value is the more intermediate slip bodies will be calculated If both points of the boundary slip bodies concerned are equal the program reacts intelligently and sensibly reduces the number of intermedi
76. and the radius rw of the drains must be given In consolidation layers with vertical drains the excess pore water pressure at any time is constant across the layer depth The excess pore water pressure is however variable as a function of the distance r from the axis of the vertical drain The program determines the average pore water pressure distribution The calculated pore water pressure distribution can be made visible very nicely if you activate from the menu item Safety Utilisation factors Preferences the switch Excess pore water pressure consolidation However this does not work for calculations according to General wedge method or the Ver tical slice method In these cases you can take the values from the data protocol in Safety fac tors Utilisation factors Display results GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 52 of 172 June 2015 8 5 Safety factor definitions In accordance with DIN 4084 old the program uses the safety definition after Fellenius n tan Qwork tan reg For bearing capacity analysis according to DIN 4017 the safety factor is acquired from a compari son of the failure load V and the working strip footing load V work n Vyf V work Other comparisons are usual for different calculation procedures For verification of the external stability of a soil nail wall e g the nail forces are used in the safety definition Such safety definitions can also be created indirectly with GGU S
77. ard From there they can be imported in to other WINDOWS programs for further processing e g into a word processor In order to import into any other WINDOWS program you must generally use the Edit Paste function of the respective application e Metafile allows output of the graphics to a file in order to be further processed with third party soft ware Output is in the standardised EMF format Enhanced Metafile format Use of the Metafile format guarantees the best possible quality when transferring graphics If you select the Copy print area tool from the toolbar you can copy parts of the graphics to the clipboard or save them to an EMF file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and tricks Section 10 3 Using the Mini CAD program module you can also import EMF files generated us ing other GGU applications into your graphics GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 65 of 172 June 2015 e MiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable importing to different GGU appli cations with the Mini CAD module e GGUMiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable processing in the GGUMiniCAD program e Cancel Printing is cancelled 9 1 9 Batch print menu item If you would like to print several appendices at once select this menu item You will see the fol lowing dialog box I x Printer Cancel Delete all Delete File list
78. area in which the graphical evaluation of your input is presented 9 10 8 Font size selection menu item You can edit font sizes for labelling the various drawing elements The font sizes of text within legends are edited in the respective legend editor Just double click in a legend to do this GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 142 of 172 June 2015 9 11 Nail wall menu 9 11 1 General notes on nail wall input Input of system geometry follows the course described in the previous menu items The nail wall preferences are specified in the Nail wall menu The menu items can only be selected if you activate the Calculate wall box in the Nail wall Preferences menu item For the analysis you must specify the polygon course section in which the nail wall is located The specified polygon course section nailed slope face governs all necessary verifications An investigation of nail walls can only be performed for slopes failing to the left 9 11 2 Preferences menu item You can specify a number of basic preferences for the nail wall using this menu item The Calcu late wall check box must be activated Then select the elements making up the wall Wall preferences x wall calculation RO LO for geosynthetics JV Calculate wall Specify LO and determine RO automatically Specify RO wall consists of Tension members sl LO length of fold back RO fixing force at head due to
79. ary slip bodies for calculation of intermediate slip bodies see ee 134 Buoyant unit weight select for analysis 144 C Cartoon failure mechaniSM ees sesse ee ee 126 Centre points define ese se ee RA Ge se 34 Centre points delete all se se ee ee 122 Centre points delete individual sesse 122 Centre points display iese sesse ee se ee ee se 122 Centre points load save i ee ee se ee se se 63 Centre points refine array ese see se ee 114 Centre points show number sees sesse ee 114 Characteristic values soils actions 06 48 Chipboard EE ER r ER ER chee teat CodeMeter stick ee se ee ee RR Ge Cohesion aVerag eie se see se se ee RR Ge ek Cohesion consider in analysis Cohesion enter ese see ee ee ee ee Colour bar define for FOS mu contours 131 Colour define for array iese ese se se ee Colour define for force arrows esse esse ee Colour define for slip body lines Colour define for slip circle lines Colour hatching define for soils 0 0 0 Colour hatching switch on off 98 100 139 Colour pens define for graphical elements 137 Company letterhead add via Mini CAD 26 138 Concrete shell bending design sesse eee 156 Concrete shell earth pressure calculation 60 Concrete shell ep distribution on Concrete shell verification 00 Consolidation layers define via editor 9
80. as the following capabilities e Surface line with a maximum of 100 surface points e 100 pore water pressure points e 100 layers no layer polygon input necessary e 50 anchors e 50 soil dowels e 50 soil nails e 50 geosynthetics e 150 tension members e 50 soils e 50 point loads e 40 permanent and or live loads e 50 horizontal distributed loads e 1000 slices e 5000 slip circle centre points with any amount of radii e 2500 polygonal slip bodies with a maximum of 200 polygon course points e Polygonal slip surfaces after Janbu General wedge method and Vertical slice method e Safety statement after the principle of virtual movements for General wedge method Gold scheider and Gudehus e Variation between two boundary slip bodies for polygonal slip bodies e Exact consideration of pore water pressures via a pore water pressure mesh possible op tional e Interface to the groundwater modeller GGU SS FLOW2D for automatic import of pore water pressure mesh e ASCII interface for automatic import of a pore water pressure mesh from third party groundwater modellers e Complete input and correction of system geometry possible using the mouse e Consideration of passive earth pressure wedge optional e Consideration of structural elements e Consideration of vibrodisplacement compaction after Priebe e Use of any true type fonts guaranteeing an excellent layout e Colour presentation of almost all system geometry The colou
81. ased by the partial factors for actions and the partial factor for bearing capacity The partial factors for the friction angle cohesion and permanent actions are set to 1 0 In certain systems the analysis method may lead to non converging solutions It is safer to deactivate the Bearing capacity check box in the Editor 1 Analysis options Then define the V and H loads as permanent actions Using the partial safety factor concept ac tions must be increased by the partial factors for actions and the partial factor for bearing capacity increased When using the global safety factor concept the loads are increased by the required bearing capacity factor A traditional slope stability analysis can then be performed If utilisation factors lt 1 0 are achieved sufficient bearing capacity is verified GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 53 of 172 June 2015 8 6 8 7 Passive earth pressure If the circular slip surfaces in the resistance area are steeper than 45 2 the passive earth pres sure is to be used in accordance with DIN 4084 The DIN 4084 suggest a simple earth pressure calculation for consideration The GGU STABILITY program takes a much more flexible path In the appropriate areas the geometry of the failure body is altered in line with the demand 45 2 as maximum The slice width is kept If necessary the user defined number of slices is in creased If a soil change occurs within the passive earth pressure body wi
82. at front left of slope m 70000 Water level at front right of slope m 70000 gamma water kN rr 10000 No of slices 50 Surface points 0 Soil properties 1 Soil layers 0 Pore water press 0 Permanent loads 0 Live loads 0 Point loads 0 Anchors 0 Artesian Earthquake Dowels 0 Soil nails 0 Geosynthetics 0 Tension members 0 Horiz distributed loads 0 For wall analyses only slopes failing to the left can currently be considered Note on water levels From the water levels the program calculates the water load in the area of a slice and the horizontal loading of the slope due to water pressure If the water level is below surface level it has no meaning for calculations Note on number of slices Small numbers of slices mean low precision and shorter calculation times Large slice num bers mean a correspondingly longer calculation time and higher precision The minimum number of slices is also dependent upon the complexity of the slope A slope which is heavily layered will require a larger number of slices than one which is homogenous We recommend analysing using at least 50 slices Further system input is made by pressing the relevant buttons and entering the data in the subse quent dialog boxes The following sections describe the individual buttons in more detail After finishing data input select the Done button GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 28
83. ate slip bodies After pressing the OK button calculations will begin During calcu lations you will see the slip body which is currently being calculated You can also prematurely cancel a calculation by pressing the Cancel button in the dialog box which appears after calcula tions have commenced The lowest safety factor which has been calculated at the time of cancella tion and the number of slip bodies calculated so far will be displayed After calculations are com plete you have transfer the slip body with the lowest safety factor to the list of current slip bodies When analysing using the General wedge method and the Vertical slice method the shear strengths on the intermediate slip lines may be taken into consideration The following procedure e g is sensible e Define a slip body with e g extremely steep inclinations in the active and passive earth pressure areas e Then duplicate this slip body and change the inclinations to extremely flat If necessary al ter the positions of slip body points Confirm the alterations to the duplicated slip body with the Return key e By duplicating the first slip body you ensure that slip body points which are the same for both slip body really are the same and the program therefore does not carry out a variation for such points e Now select the Analyse intermediate slip bodies menu item GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 134 of 172 June 2015 9 8 7 9 8 8 9 8 9 9
84. ate very minor deviations between the old and the new standards Beside the new equations for Bishop and Janbu one principal difference to the old standard is found in the definition of the passive anchor It states that the force from a tension member may only be adopted if the boundary conditions shown in Figure 13 are adhered to GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 43 of 172 June 2015 Excerpt from DIN 4084 2009 Legend 1 Slip surface 2 Direction of slip body movement 3 Tension member axis 4 Non moving ground Figure 13 Validity of a tension member after Figure 2 in DIN 4084 2009 A tension member is regarded as self tensioning if the slip body in which the head of the tension member is located move approximately as a rigid body on a slip surface and the angle yA be tween the tension member axis and the most unfavourable slip surface Figure 13 achieves the following maximum values e for loose cohesionless soils or soft cohesive soils yA 75 e for firm cohesive soils yA 80 e for medium dense cohesionless soils and stiff cohesive soils yA 85 e for dense cohesionless soils yA 90 The tensile force of passive anchors must be determined to DIN 4084 7 2 1 721 For analyses using this standard the design values of the resisting forces exercised by tension mem bers dowels piles and struts are acquired from the characteristic values for either the pull out resistances dowel res
85. ation time days for which the excess pore water pressures are to be determined You then select the Layer x button The number in brackets after the layer name indicates how many polygon course points have been defined for this layer If the With vertical drainage check box is not activated the following dialog box opens Consolidation layer 1 x Constrained modulus kN re 5000 0 Permeability m s 1 000E 8 Settlement duration days 0 00 Drainage conditions Top Bottom Top C Bottom Font size mm 2 0 Line strength mm 0 2 Hatching spacing m 1 00 E Edit colour Edit course Cancel GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 90 of 172 June 2015 9 2 4 You must then define the Constrained modulus the Permeability and the Settlement du ration of the respective layer If you enter a value for Settlement duration 0 the program calculates the pore water pressure distribution within the layer at the time Settlement duration t Then enter the Drainage conditions Subsequent input affects graphical representation only If you have defined a consolidation layer With vertical drainage a slightly different dialog box appears Additionally you must enter the Drained distance de and the Radius of drain rw of the vertical drain An input of drainage conditions is not necessary as only horizontal drainage to the drains is assumed for vertical drains The polygon course whi
86. board The use of the buttons corresponds to the explanations in Section 7 2 2 Worked example 2 Data input via editor Step 2 Enter System parameters Ex 2 Surface points 9 4 8 Move menu item Using this menu item it is possible to displace current triangle nodes with the mouse and thus alter the x and y coordinates Use of the mouse is in accordance with the description in the box 9 4 9 Edit menu item This menu item allows editing of coordinates and potentials of the individual triangle nodes Use is in accordance with the description in the box Double clicking with the mouse on node number 12 of an example pwp mesh would call up the following box x Nodes 12 x 1 418 y Em Potential 303 Cancel Here you can edit the x and y coordinates and the potential h GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 110 of 172 June 2015 9 4 10 Manual meshing menu item You can create the pore water pressure mesh manually Triangulation amalgamation of 3 mesh nodes to a triangle of the pore water mesh nodes by hand must be carried out as instructed in the dialog box 9 4 11 Automatic meshing menu item This menu item runs a program controlled mesh generation routine Delauney triangulation You have the possibility of deleting or supplementing a current triangular mesh Only in exceptional cases should you select Supplement as Delauney triangulation follows certain laws which may not allow sensible complementing of
87. can enlarge to the original format on a copying machine to en sure true scaling Furthermore you may enter the number of copies to be printed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 64 of 172 June 2015 If you have activated the tabular representation on the screen you will see a different dia log box for output by means of the File Print and export menu item button Printer Print several pages x m Page sizes Output device civilbsdcO1 Lexmark T630 Output device mm x 197 y 285 Printer Printer prefs change printer Portrait Output JV Fit in automatically Zoom factor 7 000 No of copies 1 First page ho H Last page ho H Cancel e Here you can select the table pages to be printed In order to achieve output with a zoom factor of 1 button Fit in automatically is deactivated you must adjust the page format to suit the size format of the output device To do this use the dialog box in File Print output table button Output as graphics e DXF file allows output of the graphics to a DXF file DXF is a common file format for transferring graphics between a variety of applications e GGUCAD file allows output of the graphics to a file in order to enable further processing with the GGUCAD program Compared to output as a DXF file this has the advantage that no loss of colour quality occurs during export e Clipboard The graphics are copied to the WINDOWS clipbo
88. cement y Factor 1 00000 Displacement x 0 00000 Displacement y 0 00000 Use fors andy Use forx C Use fory Cancel 9 3 13 Stresses menu item After selecting this menu item you can have the governing stresses displayed at any point in your system You will see an information box containing the values and a Soil properties button If you then click on this button a further information box containing the soil property values for that location is displayed 9 3 14 Undo menu item If you have carried out any changes to dialog boxes or moved objects to a different position on the screen after selecting the Editor 1 Move objects menu item or using the F11 function key this menu item will allow you to undo the movements This function can also be reached by using the key combination Alt Backspace or the appropriate tool in the toolbar see Section 9 9 6 9 3 15 Restore menu item When this menu item is selected the last change made in a dialog box or the last change in the position of objects which you undid using the menu item Editor 2 Undo will be restored This function can also be reached by using the key combination Ctrl Backspace or the appropri ate tool in the toolbar see Section 9 9 6 9 3 16 Preferences menu item You can activate or deactivate the undo functions GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 106 of 172 June 2015 94 Pwp mesh pore water pressure mesh menu 9 4 1 Princip
89. ch describes the consolidation layer is entered after pressing the Edit course button Consolidation layer 1 x Forw Back Cancel 2 point s to edit No x m Base of Top of Excess pore water l Layer m Layer m pressure kN m 1 0 0000 5 0000 3 0000 25 0000 2 35 0000 5 0000 3 0000 25 0000 You must enter for each polygon course point e x ordinate e base of the layer e top of the layer and e excess the pore water pressure at time t 0 0 If a slice foot is within the consolidation layer the program can using the above described input determine all necessary values for a consolidation calculation at his point Structural elements Encased columns menu item Structural elements or encased columns can be defined using this menu item First select the re quired object from an option box CT x Modify what Structural elements Encased columns Cancel GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 91 of 172 June 2015 9 2 4 1 Structural elements definition In some cases structural elements are within the slope the shear strength of which is so great that no safety calculation is necessary if the slip body cuts the structural element In principle help can be had by defining layers with high cohesion However it is more elegant to define the struc tural element as an enveloping polygon course Structural elements have no material properties in particular no unit weight If howev
90. ch do not allow a classical earth pressure calculation via kah values the earth pressure calculation will be carried out using a variation of the earth pressure wedge In order to take into consideration any inclination of the rear face of the wall a reduction is carried out via the earth pressure coefficients kah for both a vertical rear face a 0 and an inclined rear face a 0 after determining the earth pressure reduction factor earth pressure kah a kah a 0 Sliding safety n is calculated thus Nce Gk tan o Ha G characteristic weight Ha design value of horizontal force The friction angle is obtained from the mean of the soils in the base of the wall footing Verification of overturning safety Using the information provided in the section on Verification of sliding safety the moment and the vertical force in the base are calculated and the eccentricity e determined from the result The moment resulting from the horizontal earth pressure is determined according to Figure 19 in the section above For example the eccentricity in Load case 1 may not be greater than b 6 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 57 of 172 June 2015 8 8 6 8 8 7 8 8 8 Verification of bearing capacity safety With the input from the section on slide safety the moment the horizontal force and the vertical force in the base is calculated and with this the bearing capacity safety factor The friction angle the cohesion and the w
91. ch geosynthetic you define the start and the end point The adhesive stress bonding stress is automatically calculated Using this bonding stress t and the lengths within and outside of the slip body the program calculates the resultant forces F and F from F f L and F f L The smaller of the two is the governing value If the smaller value is larger than the maximum acceptable force R d only this will be used in the calculations If the geosynthetics intersect the slip body twice the values for L and L result as follows Slip body ln Geosynthetic Figure 23 Geosynthetics with two intersections GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 84 of 172 June 2015 By starting the program the Geosynthetics via company products check box in the Editor 1 Analysis options dialog box is activated by default see Section 9 2 1 When using geosyn thetics it is possible to directly adopt certain products of various geosynthetics manufacturers The following dialog box will open where the number of geosynthetics must be defined using the 0 Geosynthetics button sd Consider live loads Partial factor geos 1 40 Fow __ Back Cancel Sort Top fold back m foo 2 0 Geosynthetics m below top of wall AG is given IV Reduction of shear strength due to geosynth Bl J Consider cohesion for friction component Coefficient 0 500 No x1 yl Inclination Length RO z Geosynthetic Al A2 Ad m m m kN
92. ch the drawing is produced and are shown accordingly You should use the Mini CAD toolbar when you wish to add information to the system for example labelling of slope inclinations or the location of any footings e Objects created with the Header CAD are based on the page format in mm This makes them independent of the coordinate system and keeps them in the same position on the page You should select the Header toolbar if you wish to place general information on the drawing company logo report numbers plan numbers stamp etc Once you have saved the header information see Mini CAD user manual you can load it into completely different systems with different system coordinates The saved header information will appear in exactly the same position on the page which greatly simplifies the creation of general page information 9 9 6 Toolbar preferences menu item After starting the program a horizontal toolbar for menu items appears below the program menu bar If you would rather work with a popup window with several columns you can specify your preferences using this menu item The smart icons can also be switched off At the bottom of the program window you find a status bar with further information You can also activate or switch off the status bar here The preferences will be saved in the GGU STABILITY alg file see menu item Graphics preferences Save graphics preferences and will be active at the next time the pr
93. chive them The data is saved without prompting with the name of the current file The file contains all system information including slip circle centre points and polygonal slip bodies Loading again later creates exactly the same presentation as was present at the time of saving Save as menu item You can save data entered during program use to an existing file or to a new file i e using a new file name For reasons of clarity it makes sense to use boe as file suffix as this is the suffix used in the file requester box for the menu item File Load If you choose not to enter an exten sion when saving boe will be used automatically Load centre points Load slip body data menu items You can load a file with a centre point array or polygonal slip bodies which was saved at a previ ous sitting suffix rst or gkp Save cenire points Save slip body data menu items You can create a file suffix rst or gkp which contains the current data for the centre point array or polygonal slip bodies As this information is also saved in the main file a separate saving of failure body geometry only makes sense if you would like to import the geometry into a differ ent slope system Printer preferences menu item You can edit printer preferences e g swap between portrait and landscape or change the printer in accordance with WINDOWS conventions GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 63 of 172 June 2015 Print and
94. cohesion The earth pressure distribution may be adopted in a rectangular configuration including in stratified ground The wall friction angle is adopted at 6 0 8 8 4 Verification of sliding safety Sliding safety verification is performed with the assistance of equivalent systems Weight calcula tion is according to the information in the figure below Y i KW are AN for X for y Figure 18 Equivalent system for weight calculation The weight of the hatched area is determined The lower right point of the body is taken as the x value of the lower end of the nail and the y value as the lower edge of the concrete shell or exte rior skin The rear face is taken as a line running to the end of the uppermost nail independent of the length of any other nails between these two points The inclination of the rear wall face can not be steeper than the inclination of the active earth pressure wedge see further down GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 56 of 172 June 2015 8 8 5 The horizontal loading is taken from the active earth pressure The vertical section for which the earth pressure is to be determined is shown in the figure below A H imaginary height Earth pressure H 3 H 3 Figure 19 Vertical section for earth pressure determination As the GGU STABILITY program also allows input of inclined layers as well as many other features e g consolidation artesian water etc whi
95. ction 9 7 Analyse slip bodies menu item Once you have specified the slip bodies computation of safety utilisation factors can begin Start calculation after Janbu x Slip body movement to left C right M Test passive earth pressure wedge No of slices 50 Which slip body Cancel Forw Back Ee Ed Eed Eed EED A Adjust the number of slices to suit your wishes If the Test passive earth pressure wedge check box is activated the program will examine whether gradients greater than 45 2 occur in the passive earth pressure region of the respective slip body These slip bodies will not be investi gated Slip body movement should to the left Begin calculation of all slip bodies using the All button Once calculations are complete you will be shown some statistics Beside stability the maximum geosynthetics forces resulting from slip body variation are determined After confirming with OK the slip body with the lowest FOS is displayed The initial dialog box is slightly different for calculations using the General wedge method or the Vertical slice method Although these calculation methods are not slice methods the pro gram computes the weights pore water pressures etc of the individual slip bodies internally by dividing the system into vertical slices The Max slice width m can be specified in the dialog box However a minimum of 10 slices is used for each slip body regardless of the value s
96. culate maximum soil nail forces xj According to current codes of practice the max soil nail forces are determined from the slip body investigation or from 0 85 times the earth pressure without c The larger of the two values governs The soil nail forces calculated from the slip body investigations are then compared to the forces arising from earth pressure The largest value is then used E k g q w o c 103 88 kN m E k g wo c 103 88 kN m E k g w o c 0 00 kN m Wall length 6 08 m which gives Earth pressure e d kN r 0 85 1 350 103 88 1 500 0 00 6 08 Earth pressure ed kN r 19 60 Cancel GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 152 of 172 June 2015 This earth pressure value will be suggested for calculation of nail load components due to earth pressure and can if necessary be edited After selecting the OK button the load components on the nails will be determined If the calculated load component in a nail is larger than the load com ponent from the slip body investigation this value will be used for the following design Once the analysis is complete the maximum nail forces are displayed in a message box 9 11 14 Maximum nail forces punching menu item Calculation of the maximum nail forces is in analogy to the description given in the Maximum nail forces menu item in Section 9 11 13 Calculate maximum soil nail forces x According to current codes of practice the max soil nail
97. d descending from top to bot tom based on the values of y entered If geosynthetics by a different manufacturer are required go to the menu item Editor 1 Geosynthetics table values Here products by different manufacturers can be selected see Section 9 2 7 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 85 of 172 June 2015 If the Geosynthetics via company products check box is not activated in the Editor 1 Analysis options dialog box the following dialog box opens after clicking the Geosynthet ics button in the central dialog box The Info button provides additional information on the forces involved Geosynthetics xi Adhesive force Consider live loads Forw Back Cancel Modify Sort Info 0 geosynthetics Automatically RO is given V Reduction of shear strength due to geosynth 2 J Consider cohesion for friction component Coefficient oso No x1 yl Inclination Length m RO R d m m 1 m kKN m m kNm kN m The required number of geosynthetics can be specified via the 0 geosynthetics button and then the appropriate values entered The process can be simplified using the Automatically button A further dialog box opens for automatically generating the geosynthetics If the Values from slope face button is used the program automatically determines and adopts the x and y coordinates of the required slope face GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 86 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 13 Tension
98. definiHOn ree EES andes EER ea 135 Search box determine for slip circles definiHOR s ee teal Dk ee De OD 37 Search grid define via rectangular quadrilateral boxes 000 cee ee Ge Ge ee 37 Search grid define via start and end radi S eed Es ithe seg de Search grid define via tangents Settlement duration enter for consolidation layer ees ee ee ee RR 91 Shear forces consider in intermediate Slip Suriades EE ED GE ee Re se 49 Shear strength consider on intermediate Slp EE EES 132 Shear stress activate display using slip BOdi S ES ee Ee ed Ee eN ee 136 Shear stress activate display using slip CITCIES EE EES atone ER ER Ee EE 128 Skin friction enter for tension members 75 Slab analysis and design eee Slab constant distributed load Slices effect of number on Calculation time see see se ee se ee 28 73 Slices number of using passive earth PIOSSULC deve e ED ER GE ee 54 Sliding safety display results in message DOX oo ee ee ee RA Ge GR ee 152 Sliding safety verification principles using nail wall sei iese ees ean iis 56 Slip bodies define family sesse see eee 135 Slip bodies define with mouse 41 123 Slip bodies define edit via editor esse 124 Slip bodies delete all eee ee ee ee RA 125 Slip bodies delete individual eee 125 Slip bodies display see se ee ee 124 135 Slip bodies display all selected after analysis seer ie s
99. dge method only After calculating a slip body you can have the displacement diagram for a failure body displayed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 136 of 172 June 2015 9 9 9 9 1 9 9 2 9 9 3 Graphics preferences menu Refresh and zoom menu item The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the screen is not refreshed after every alteration If e g after using the zoom function see below only part of the image is visible you can achieve a complete view using this menu item A zoom factor between 0 4 and 8 0 can be entered in the input box By then clicking on Use to exit the box the current factor is accepted By clicking on the 0 4 0 6 etc buttons the se lected factor is used directly and the dialog box closed It is much simpler however to get a complete overview using Esc Pressing Esc allows a com plete screen presentation using the zoom factor specified in this menu item The F2 key allows screen refreshing without altering the coordinates and zoom factor Zoom info menu item By clicking two diametrically opposed points you can enlarge a section of the
100. dinates menu item ese see ee Ge Re RR RA GRA GRA GRA Re Ge ee ee ee ee ee 142 9 10 7 Page size and margins menu iteM see ee ee ER RR RA GRA GRA Re ER ee ee ee 142 9 10 8 Font size selection menu item ee ee se Re ER GRA RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 142 9 1 ht Nailswall menu SE OE NE NE OD EE OE N 143 9 11 1 General notes on nail wall iNPU iese ee ee ee Re Re GR Re RR RA GRA GRA GR ee Ge ee ee ee 143 9 11 2 Preferences menu teM iese ee GER cee SERE SE EN SEG EE Ee see De ee Ee Ene Eg eed eg 143 9 11 3 Graphics menu HEM see ee ae ee ee ee Re Re RR GR Re GRA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 145 9 11 4 Verifications Safety menu item iese ee ee ee Re GE Re RR RA GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee 146 9 11 5 Nail wall legend menu item ees ee ee ee Ge Re RR GRA RA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 147 9 11 6 Nail force legend menu item ese ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 148 9 11 7 Enter nails manually menu item sesse ese se ee Re RR GRA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 148 9 11 8 Generate menu item cise cece SE GE RES SES GEN ee Ge ee seg De RE ESE ee Eg ed eg 149 9 11 9 Modify menu item se see see ee ee ee ee Re Re GR Re GR Re GRA GRA GRA Ge ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 150 9 11 10 Optimise menu item ee see ee ee ee ee Re Re ER GRA GRA GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 151 9 11 11 Generate slip surfaces menu itEM ee RR RA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee ee ee 151 9 11 12 Sliding overturning bearing failure
101. e concrete shell The largest value is decisive The earth pressure on the concrete shell is determined without cohesion in accordance with current permits 0 85 times the earth pressure value is dis tributed rectangularly along the length of the concrete shell The earth pressure reduction by a factor of 0 85 may not be carried out for surcharge loads Correspondingly the calculation of earth pressure on the concrete shell is carried out with the values from permanent and live loads in creased by 1 0 85 After selecting this menu item a dialog box is shown with the distributed earth pressure value e d The value suggested for earth pressure e d in this dialog box will also be used for punching verifi cation After confirming or editing of the calculated earth pressure value the maximum nail forces determined in accordance with the above description are shown in a list in another dialog box The maximum nail value is multiplied with the horizontal separation and suggested as design value for punching verification This value can if wished be edited The pressure under the punching area will be subtracted from the nail force in accordance with EC 2 The pressure is taken as the reduced earth pressure see above Besides this information the following must be given in accordance EC 2 for punching verification e Effective height of concrete shell in the verification area as of concrete shell thickness e Width of nail slab height
102. e 140 DIN EE heane a 9 DIN 4017 aoaea a e Oae 53 DIN 4084 erresire REE E 9 DIN 4084 2009 a EE EEE 43 Displacement diagram display for a fail r bodyscanners 136 Distributed load on the slab 59 Distributed loads define with mouse 104 Dowels consider in analysis iss see see ee 81 Dowels define via editOT ese esse ee ee ee ee 81 Dowels define with MOUSE ee ese esse ee ee 104 Drainage conditions consider in analsyis 51 Drainage conditions define for consolidation layer Drawing area define DXF file export n Ee Ge A ees DXF fil IMPOE sies sege Resep Ee Feb ede Ee eb E d acceptable design force for soil dowels 82 el d e2 d design earth pressure values for soil dowel iese sk giese e denne 81 Earth pressure calculation using earth pressure wedges ee ee ER RA Ge ee ee Earth pressure wedge define appearance Earth pressure calculate for nail wall Earth quake as design situation to EC 7 Earthquake load define via editor a EC 7 load cases description sesse see ses see ee Eccentricity determine eee see se ee ee Editor window output table esse ses sesse EMP format 2 33 dele ees piven abe ee Encased columns define via editor Encased columns define with mouse Encased columns edit delete sesse see Equivalent plate for GGU SLAB esse Equivalent system for weight calculation
103. e 17 6 7 Step 6 Enter water levels and loads EX 1 esse esse ese ese ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re RA GR ee GR ee ee ee ee 19 6 8 Step 7 Enter soil properties EX 1 iese sees se esse ee ee ee ee Ge Re Re ee Re ee Re RA GR ee Re ee ee ee 20 6 9 Step 8 Define reinforced earth wall preferences EX 1 esse see ee se ee ee ee ee ee 21 6 10 Step 9 Generate geosynthetics EX 1 ese ese ee ee Re RR GR Re GR Re GRA GR ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 22 6 11 Step 10 Generate slip surfaces EX 1 ees sesse ee ee ee ee GE Re GR Re Ge Re GR Re GRA GR ee Gee ee ee ee 23 6 12 Step 11 Analyse the slope EX 1 ees sees see se ee ee ee ee ee GE Re GR Re ee Re GR Re RA GRA Re ien 24 6 13 Step 12 Optimise geosynthetics EX 1 ese ese ee se ee Re RR RR GRA GRA GR ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 25 6 14 Step 13 Evaluate and visualise the results EX 1 esse sesse ee se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 26 7 Worked example 2 Data input via editor sesse esse esse es see Ee BEG Ge EE Be Ge EE Ge EE Se Ge ES Gee se ee 27 7 1 Step 1 Select analysis options EX 2 esse esse ese ee ee ee ee GE Re Re ee Re GR Re RA GR ee Re ee ee ee 27 7 2 Step 2 Enter system parameters EX 2 ese ese see ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee GR ee GR ee GR ee Ge ee ee ee ee ee ee 28 7 2 1 oi EP do AE EE EE EE OE EE NE OE 28 12 2 Surface points EX 2 E ee ee ee de Re ee ee Ge ee ge ee ee de 29 12 3 Soil properties EX 2 oe nee ve EG EER Ee hie Ee gee Ee te wk GAD ad is
104. e GGU STABILITY program system allows slope failure investigations according to German Standard DIN 4084 DIN 4084 1996 and DIN 4084 2009 using circular slip surfaces Bishop and polygonal slip surfaces Janbu General Wedge method and Vertical slice method Further more it is possible to investigate soil nailing and reinforced earth walls The formulas and relation ships given in DIN 4084 are used see Theoretical principles in Section 8 The fundamentals of analysis using partial factors are given in EC 7 DIN 1054 2010 DIN 4084 contains the calculation procedures Bishop Janbu General wedge method etc For bending design of the concrete shell according to EC 2 it is possible to export data to the GGU SLAB program Verification of punching according to EC 2 is implemented in the program module As a speciality pore water pressure can be entered using not only the usual pore water pressure line but also using a pore water pressure mesh With a pore water pressure mesh complicated flow conditions in a slope can be exactly modelled and taken into consideration for stability cal culations An interface to the groundwater program GGU SS FLOW2D is provided In 1996 K lsch developed a constitutive equation for the analysis of slopes in waste materials see The impact of fibrous constituents on the shear strength of domestic waste Memoranda of the Leichtweif Institute for Hydraulic Engineering at the TU Braunschweig Bulletin 133 96 D
105. e Present bending reinforcement e Concrete used e Steel used After making the inputs and pressing the OK button verification will be carried out and all decisive values for verification are shown in a dialog box Construction conditions The inner stability of the wall must also be investigated for intermediate conditions A construc tion condition exists if excavation has taken place to or below the level of the nail s but the nail has not yet been placed These intermediate conditions can be easily calculated with the program if in the dialog box Nail wall Preferences the Investigate construction condition check box is activated For calculation of slip bodies the action of each first nail above the intersection of the polygon with the wall will be set to 0 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 60 of 172 June 2015 8 9 General notes on analysis with fibre cohesion Wastes dissimilar to soil such as untreated residual waste for example exhibit shear behaviour considerably different to that of soil and soil like wastes excavated soils sieved MBT fractions Mechanical Biological Treatment In their GDA recommendations GDA Geotechnik der De ponien und Altlasten Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill and Brownfield Sites the German Geo technical Society Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Geotechnik recommends different analysis methods to suit these classifications Using common installation techniques waste dissimilar to soil le
106. e Scherfestigkeit von Siedlungsabfall Mitteilungen des Leicht weif Institutes fiir Wasserbau der TU Braunschweig Bulletin 133 96 This constitutive equation is implemented in GGU STABILITY as the K lsch method and can be activated for the corre sponding analysis using this menu item The data columns required to perform the analysis are then included in the soil properties dialog box see Section 9 2 2 The theoretical principles are described in the General notes on analysis with fibre cohesion section see Section 8 9 further literature can be found in Section 11 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 161 of 172 June 2015 9 12 8 Test vibrodisplacement compaction menu item The improvement brought about by vibrodisplacement compaction can be tested by varying the soil properties using this menu item Vibrodisplacement compaction ET Column area cell area os Determine nue soil 0333 O nue column 0333 phi column 4000 E column E soil H 1000 phi soil 32 50 c soil 2 00 Cancel Using the Determine button the column cell area ratio A C A can be determined using a variety of array procedures After confirming your input values using OK the results are pre sented in a message box Vibrodisplacement compaction after Priebe ET Input Column area cell area 0 196 nue soil 0 333 nue column 0 333 phi column 40 00 Es Saule Es Boden
107. e partial safety factors compliant with Austrian standards using the To ONORM EN 1997 1 button The partial factors for the design of structural elements e g the concrete shell of a nail wall can be entered using the menu item Nail wall Verifications Safety see Section 9 11 4 9 2 6 Project identification menu item You can enter a description of the problem being processed which will then be used in the Gen eral legend see Section 9 2 12 9 2 7 Geosynthetics table values menu item The geosynthetics of various manufacturers can be imported and supplemented using this menu item Editing the data is not recommended In general in GGU STABILITY importable files can be requested from the geosynthetics manufacturers Data files from various manufacturers are installed in the program folder when the program is installed EEE x Forw Back Cancel Save Load Sort 9 product s to edit Edit designations for 42 and Ad i No Name Fk A AT A A2 A2 A2 Ad Ad Ad p KN m 1209 E0 0 ig D90 lt 2mm D90 lt 32mnD90 lt 63mm pH 24 pH49 pH9 95 1 fFortrac35 20 20T 350 152 150 145 139 fiio 112 120 fiis 103 fiio oso 2 fFotrac55 30 20T 550 152 1 50 145 139 tos fit fiis fias 103 fiio oso 3 fFotac 80730 207 f soo 152 1 50 145 139 tor fio tor fiis 103 fiio os 4 Fotac 110 302071 1100 152 1 50 145 1393 tor fio tor 11s 103 fiio fos 5 FotacR 150 3030T 1400 152 1 50 145 1393 fro fio tor
108. e prefer ences are not affected by this GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 141 of 172 June 2015 9 10 5 Save coordinates menu item The current image coordinates can be saved in a file with the extension bxy and be reloaded later for the same file or for different files 9 10 6 Load coordinates menu item You can reload the coordinates which you saved earlier 9 10 7 Page size and margins menu item The default page set up is A3 when the program is started You can edit the page format in the following dialog box Page size and margins x Edit page size and margins m Page in general Height 297 00 Width 420 00 m Page margin in mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 8 00 Bottom 8 00 m Plot margin in mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 25 00 Battom 35 00 V With borders J With margins Cancel e Page in general defines the size of the output sheet The A3 format is set as default The program automatically draws thin cutting borders around the page which are required when using a plotter on paper rolls The borders can be switched off using the With bor ders check box e Page margin defines the position of a frame as a distance to the margins This frame en closes the subsequent diagram You can switch off the frame deactivating the With mar gins check box e The Plot margin define a set distance between the page margin and the actual drawing
109. ed 30 T2QA Soil E EI SR ER HE ER EE RE EE EE 31 7 2 5 Pore water pressure EX 2 iese esse ese ee ee Re GR Re GR Re GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 32 7 3 Step 3 Check and save system EX 2 i e ese ee ee Re Ge Re RR RA GRA GRA GR ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 33 eA Step 4 Detine slip circl s BXi 2 3 005 EG EG Ee E ge Ge SR EE ge Ge ede 34 7 4 1 Define centre points EX 2 ese esse ese ee ee Ge Re GR Re GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 34 142 Define search grid Ex 2 nui cuter ka is ae WA ea Ae nes 35 7 5 Step 5 Analyse slope with circular slip surfaces EX 2 esse sees sees se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 38 7 6 Step 6 Evaluate and visualise the results EX 2 iese ese se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Ge ee Gee Gee ee ee 39 7 7 Step 7 Define polygonal slip surfaces EX 2 esse ese ese ee se ee Re Ge Re GR Re GRA GR ee GR ee ee ee ee 40 Tick Select analysis method EE EE EE EE es GE ee O es ee 40 7 1 2 Define slip bodies using the mouse EX 2 ees see se ee RA Re ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 41 7 7 3 Define slip bodies via editor EX 2 ese sesse ee ae ee ae GR ee Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 41 7 8 Step 8 Analyse slope with polygonal slip surfaces EX 2 esse sees se ee se ee se ee ee ee ee 42 8 Theoretical principles esse see see sees see Bee Be Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee SEE DRA nn ee Ee Ee Ge Ge See 43 8 1 DIN 4084 2009 and GGU STABILITY ese ee se ee Ge RR Ge RR Ge RR Ge RR Ge RR 43 8 2 General informat
110. ed in calculations The pore water pressure coefficient is then set to zero Alternatively you have the possibility of calculating with consolidation layers see Section 8 4 In this case you enter the shear parameters of the final condition c If working with tension members you can enter the soil parameter qs k skin friction into the above dialog box Otherwise the soil parameter qs k is not taken into consideration and does not appear in the soil properties legend Max psi A can be entered in the dialog box as an additional soil property but is only adopted if analyses are performed to DIN 4084 2009 EC 7 DIN 4084 2009 introduces the term passive anchor A tension member anchor is regarded as passive if the slip body containing the head of the anchor moves approximately like a rigid body on a slip surface and the angle max psi A between the anchor axis and the slip surface achieve the following maximum values for loose cohesionless soils or soft cohesive soils 75 for firm cohesive soils 80 for medium dense cohesionless soils and stiff cohesive soils 85 for dense cohesionless soils 90 If the K lsch method is activated see Section 9 12 7 the dialog box for input of soil properties is expanded correspondingly see Theoretical principles Section 8 9 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 75 of 172 June 2015 If you are working with vibrodisplacement compaction the following dialog box o
111. ed to correct geometry entered using the mouse Nonetheless this input method shall be demonstrated on a somewhat more com plicated example To improve understanding you should follow the explanation in parallel on your computer After starting the program the logo is at first displayed Select the menu item File New and leave the dialog box Common systems with No The Analysis options dialog box which can also be accessed via the Editor 1 menu opens for input The default setting is the EC 7 stan dard and the Bishop circles slices calculation method After confirming with OK you will see a dialog box in which you can enter the partial safety factors Using the To DIN 1054 210 button in the Default values group box you can accept the partial factors given in the EC 7 for the various load cases The partial factors for load case DS P are used in this example If you have already worked with the program check and where necessary activate the mentioned switches in the Editor 1 Analysis options menu item GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 27 of 172 June 2015 7 2 Step 2 Enter system parameters Ex 2 7 2 1 Central dialog box Go to the Enter system parameters item in the Editor 1 menu You will then see the central dialog box for the system to be processed Now enter the following values Enter system parameters x V New image coordinates after Done Slip body movement to left right Water level
112. ee Re ER GR Re RA RA Re Re ee ee 89 9 2 3 Consolidation layers menu item eee ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee 90 9 2 4 Structural elements Encased columns menu iteM esse ee ee ee ee Re RR RA 91 9 2 4 1 Structural elements definition ie ee ee ee ee ER RR RA RA Re Re ee ee 92 9 2 4 2 Encased columns defINiHON ee ee ee ee Re RR RR RA RA GRA GRA ee ee Re ee 93 92 5 Partial factors menu iem Ee EE eee EE EE Bee ee Gee EE EE Ee 94 9 2 6 Project identification menu iteM iese ee ee ee Re RR RA RA RA ae ee ee ee ee ee 95 9 2 7 Geosynthetics table values menu item sees se ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 95 92 8 Test system menu item i e EE GELEE ES Ge EE ESE ERG Rees VEE Se Ee GE GEVEG EEN EES a 96 9 2 9 Mirror system menu iteM iese esse ee ee ee Re RR GRA GRA GRA GRA Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 96 9 2 10 Common systems menu itEM ee se se Re RA GRA GRA GRA Ge ee ee ee ee ee Re Ge Re ee ae 97 9 2 11 Graphics output preferences menu item sees se se ee ee ee ee Re Re Ge Re ee ae 98 9 2 12 General legend menu teM ee ee ee Re RR RA RA GRA GR ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 99 9 2 13 Soil properties legend menu item ee se ee ER RR RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 100 9 2 14 Reference staff menu item 2 005 RE GE EE hs neo ee ES ee oe De 101 9 2 15 Move objects menu item ee see ee ee ee GR Re RR RA RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 102 9 2 16 Footing menu te secs 2
113. ee Se Ee Ee Ee EE Ge SG DRA BRA Bee Be ee Ee Ee Ee ee Ge See 163 10 1 Keyboard and mMOUSE is SE GE GE Ge iiia ee eg Ee Pe Ge i de ee Ee Se ee 163 10 2 Function keys ees RE ge EO EER ag ee Gee Ee ee RO OR GEGEE WA eae OR EO GEE ee 164 10 3 Copy pritit area ICON TE EE EE GE Ee De EE hs ee ee 165 VY Dilber iS EE EE EE N EE N 166 EA d EX oe Ee I IEEE oe A EEN A A EE 167 List of Tables Table 1 Surface points of worked example I S Re RR Ge Re GR Re GR Ee RR Ge Re Ge ee ee 16 Table 2 Soil properties input screen examples from GDA recommendation R 2 35 and Collins et alp OT RE EER queen Lobe nega ote cates ease eng oge ee eter lees 62 List of Figures Figure 1 System of worked example J R Ge Re GR Ge Re Ge Re GR ee GR ee RR Ge ee Ge ee ee 13 Figure 2 Surface points visualisation worked example 1 eise se Ge ee ee Ge ee Ge ee ee 16 Figure 3 Pore water pressure visualisation worked example 1 iese see se ee Ge ee Se ee ee ee 17 Figure 4 Layers and soil numbering eise se se Re Re RR Ge Re Ge ee GR Ge RA Ge ek Ge ee ee ee Re Ge 17 Figure 5 Soil layers visualisation worked example 1 ees ese ee se GR ee GR Ge RR Ge Re Ge ee ee 18 Figure 6 Permanent load visualisation worked example 1 iese ee Ge Re Re 19 Figure 7 Reinforced face worked example 1 ee ee Re RR RR RR RR Re Ge ee ee ee ee ee 21 Figure 8 Slip surfaces in system worked example 1 ee RR RR RR Re ee ee ee ee ee 24 Figure 9 Slip bodies with the lowest FOS wor
114. eight below the base yz are taken as the mean of the soils in the foundation joint of the wall If several layers are present the increases or reductions in bearing capacity re sulting from this are not taken into consideration If necessary you can determine the bearing ca pacity safety factor using slip circle calculation With regard to the y2 value you can specify whether analysis is performed using the wet unit weight or the buoyant unit weight by going to the menu item Nail wall Preferences and activat ing the gam2 as buoyant unit weight check box in the Bearing capacity and sliding analy sis group box If the soil properties in the ground deviate from the automatically determined mean values it is also possible to employ user defined soil properties see Section 9 11 2 Verification of general stability Verification of general stability can be simply performed by switching from the nail wall analysis back to slope stability analysis with slip circles To do this activate the appropriate option buttons in Editor 1 Analysis options menu item Verification of the concrete shell The menu item Nail wall Export to GGU SLAB is available for bending design of the concrete shell A dataset is exported which can be read by the GGU SLAB program The GGU SLAB program allows analysis and design of slabs using finite element methods In principle there are three different methods of manufacture and thus analysis for concrete shells fo
115. ents greater than 45 2 occur in the passive earth pressure region of the respective slip body These slip bodies will not be investi gated Slip body movement should to the left Begin calculation of all slip bodies using the All button Once calculations are complete you will be shown some statistics Beside stability the maximum geosynthetics forces resulting from slip body variation are deter mined After confirming with OK the slip body with the lowest FOS is displayed In the Utili sation factors menu point at the Show individual slip bodies or All menu items in order to display other slip bodies or indeed all slip bodies Geosynthetics Geos Fortrac 35 20 20 T os 6 u 0 90 R d 14 5 if j f f k j i Fortrac 35 20 20 T Fortrac Geos 5 u 0 90 R d 14 5 F 0 0 s j b 35 20 20 T Fortrac ai Geos 4 u 0 90 R d 14 5 F 14 5 i i i i 7 35 20 20 T Fortrac a x i 3 7 i lt 35 20 20 T Geos 3 u 0 90 R d 14 5 F 14 5 Fort ji ortrac Wa 4 il 4 35 20 20 T Geos 2 p 0 90 R d 14 5 F 14 5 Eeg a force on outer skin from earth pressure a Ena force from failure mechanism divided by n n 1 u a Geos 1 y 0 90 R d 14 5 F 14 5 f p tan o Standard EC 7 Yceo 1 40 Figure 9 Slip bodies with the lowest F
116. enu item see Section 9 11 11 Slip surfaces with 2 polygonal sections are generated two wedge failure mechanism Generate slip surfaces xj V Delete current slip surfaces m Active ep wedge Min inclination 45 0 Max inclination 65 0 No of subdivisions 2 m Slip surfaces Tl Only of lowest nail Starting point under nail head m 0 50 7 Also use point for lowest nail otherwise starting point base of wall No of intersections with nail 5 V Generate only uni directionally curved Cancel In the upper group box of the dialog box define the inclinations of the rear slip line responsible for the active earth pressure acting on the system The two inclinations given are used as limit values The number of subdivisions used is given by No of subdivisions Define the location of the front slip line in the lower group box The lowest slip lines always begin at the base of the wall and end at the tips of the nails If the Only of lowest nail check box is deactivated additional slip lines are also generated from the soil nails above These lines will begin at the head of the respective nails or at a given distance below this you can specify this distance with Starting point under nail head m The slip lines end at the nail foot if the slip line has a positive inclination otherwise the slip line is rejected except for the lowest nail If the No of intersections with nail va
117. er Einfluss der Faserbestandteile auf die Scherfestigkeit von Siedlungsabfall Mitteilungen des Leichtweif Instituts fiir Wasserbau der TU Braunschweig Heft 133 96 This constitutive equa tion is implemented in GGU STABILITY as the K lsch method and can be activated for the corresponding analysis The theoretical principles are described in the section General notes on analysis with fibre cohesion see Section 8 9 further literature can be found in Section 11 The influence of vibrodisplacement compaction after Priebe can be investigated The program system allows comfortable data input which can be carried out almost completely with the mouse on the screen A variety of graphical presentation possibilities to a high standard of quality allow you to present the calculation results according to your wishes Graphic output supports the true type fonts supplied with WINDOWS so that excellent layout is guaranteed Colour output and any graphics e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP etc are supported DXF files can also be imported by means of the integrated Mini CAD module see the Mini C AD manual The program has been thoroughly tested No faults have been found Nevertheless liability for completeness and correctness of the program and the manual and for any damage resulting from incompleteness or incorrectness cannot be accepted GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 9 of 172 June 2015 2 Capabilities The GGU STABILITY program h
118. er a polygonal section of the structural element has an intersection with the currently investigated slip body this slip body will be assigned a safety factor of 20 000 0 and no calculation will take place Structural elements Edit structural elements Element 1 0 Element 2 0 Element 3 0 Element 4 0 Element 5 0 Element 6 0 A total of 6 structural elements can be defined The numbers in brackets on the Element x but tons indicate how many polygon course points each structural element contains To define an enveloping polygon course select the Element 1 0 button for example Structural element 1 x Pen Width mm 7 _ Colour No x m y m 1 10 4000 7 4000 2 12 3000 11 9000 3 13 2000 12 2000 4 5 F 13 4000 5 1000 9 7000 5 4000 Using the x point s to edit button define the number of polygon course points and enter the coordinates for the individual points You do not need to close the polygon the program does this automatically The pen width and colour of the structural element can be edited at the top of the dialog box GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 92 of 172 June 2015 9 2 4 2 Encased columns definition Define soil columns analogous to the system soil strata by specifying the x and y coordinates of the base and entering a soil number The required number of soil columns but at least two can be simultaneously generated using the dialog
119. er Manual Page 160 of 172 June 2015 9 12 menu 9 12 1 Copyright menu item You will see a copyright message and information on the program version number The System button shows information on your computer configuration and the folders used by GGU STABILITY 9 12 2 Help menu item The GGU STABILITY manual is opened as a PDF document The help function can also be accessed using the F1 function key 9 12 3 GGU on the web menu item Using this menu item you can access the GGU Software website www ggu software com Keep in touch with new program versions and the regular download offers If you would like to be automatically notified about program innovations please register for the Newsletter in our Knowledge Base Go to the following website http kbase civilserve com 9 12 4 GGU support menu item This menu item takes to the GGU Software Support area at www ggu software com 9 12 5 What s new menu item You will see information on program improvements in comparison to older versions 9 12 6 Language preferences menu item This menu item allows you to switch the menus and graphics from German to English or Spanish and vice versa The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended 9 12 7 K lsch method preferences menu item K lsch developed a constitutive equation for the analysis of waste slopes in 1996 see Der Ein fluss der Faserbestandteile auf di
120. er refinements GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 97 of 172 June 2015 9 2 11 Graphics output preferences menu item With this menu item you can specify in which form the system is to be presented on the screen in order to carry out an optical check of the details The corresponding dialog box is on the whole self explanatory Graphics output preferences x System coloured 7 IM With borders IV With margins Draw tini CAD elements first Can now be defined in Mini CAD for each layer Layer dialogue in Mini CAD Presentation button MV Soil numbers Layer numbers IV Pore water pressure line IV Label pwp line with w IV Show slices IV Loads H forces IV Water levels V Water levels coloured rd Water colour V Anker Soil dowels Soil nails Geosynth TM IV Artesian V Hatch artesian System coordinates Anchors Soil dowels Soil nails Geosynth TM Cancel Use the System coloured combo box to activate coloured system visualisation i e the soil col ours defined in Editor 1 Soil properties are adopted for use in the soil properties legend and in system visualisation It is also possible to define hatching for the various soil types or turn off colour and hatching completely see also Section 9 2 13 Using the upper two check boxes the borders and page margins can be switched off also see menu item Page size margins Page size and margins Section 9 10 7 With the System coordinates button you can call
121. ering the subdivi sions in a dialog box the selected element line rectangular search box etc is displayed on the screen In this manner you have an example for application of the individual procedures and in analogy can subsequently try out your own definitions For example select Rectangular search box The number and spacing of the slip circles is varied according to the defined array subdivision and the size of the search box subsequently rep resented on the screen The search grid is restricted to the array used in the line or search box To facilitate better understanding try a gradual increase in subdivisions in x and y directions from 1 upwards If in the above dialog box you activate the Snap to current line ends check box a small square is displayed around the mouse points The mouse pointer then locks on to the end points of surface lines etc that lie within this square when clicked If in the dialog box above the Show circles and Show radii check boxes are deactivated the limit radii will not be displayed when defining the search area This generally only makes sense for very slow computers This is similar to the Show first and last circle only check box which allows only the limit radii of the first and last centre points to be displayed The configuration of these check boxes does not influence subsequent analysis evaluation GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 37 of 172 June 2015 7 5 Step 5 Analyse s
122. esse bg se dese Se de see Ee 133 Slip bodies display individual most unfavourable after analysis esse esse cece 133 Slip bodies duplicate iese sesse ee ee ee Ge 124 Slip bodies edit with MOUSE ee see se ee 124 Slip bodies load save ees ee se ee 63 135 Slip bodies print analysis results sesse 133 Slip bodies start analysis Slip circles define centre points GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 170 of 172 June 2015 Slip circles define centre points via quadrilateral array ees see se ee RA Ge ee eee 114 Slip circles define centre points via rectangular array ccceeesceseeseeeeceteeneeeeees 114 Slip circles define individual centre points via editor sesse se se ee ee 114 Slip circles define individual centre points via mouse click esse ese 114 Slip circles define search grid iese 35 115 Slip circles display all selected after ANALYSIS ee Wwe ee Eades 129 Slip circles display individual after ANALYSIS sneen RE na Ee RE Eie 128 Slip circles display most unfavourable after analysis dieses eo anena ccc ets 128 Slip circles print analysis results sesse 127 Slip circles start analysis sesse see sesse 38 127 Slip lines define for slip bodies 23 151 Slope faces nailed ee ee se ee ee 144 Slope geometry calculation of heavily structured slopeS esse see see ee 54 Slope geometry define via editor
123. essing the F7 function key This menu item cannot be selected if more than 1 nailed slope face exists in the system 9 11 13 Maximum nail forces menu item In accordance with current standards the governing verification for design of the nails is the one producing the greatest nail forces The following investigations are necessary for this e Load components in the nails arising from slip body investigation for final and construction conditions e Load components in the nails arising from earth pressure on the concrete shell or exterior skin The earth pressure from the nailed earth prism acting on the concrete shell or exterior skin may be adopted at 0 85 x active earth pressure value but without applying cohesion The earth pressure distribution may be adopted in a rectangular configuration including in stratified ground The wall friction angle is adopted at 0 The Maximum nail forces menu item can only be selected if slip body investigations have already been carried out In the course of analysis the program has among other things also de termined the maximum nail forces involved After selecting this menu item the program computes the active earth pressure on the nailed earth wall The earth pressure without cohesion is adopted at 0 85 x its value and is distributed rectangularly along the length of the concrete shell or external skin You then see the following dialog box with the distributed earth pressure value e d Cal
124. f the Centre points menu Slip body becomes visible Further to this in the Utilisation factors menu some of the menu items have changed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 40 of 172 June 2015 7 7 2 7 7 3 Define slip bodies using the mouse Ex 2 To enter a slip body polygon go to Define new in the Slip body menu also see Section 9 6 2 Now click on the points of a slip body If you have executed a wrong mouse click which has ruined your slip body simply press the Backspace key and you will return to the previous condition After entering the final slip body point you must press Return in order to indicate to the program the slip body input is complete You can then immediately commence input of the next slip body To do this you can also use the Slip body Duplicate menu item to reproduce current slip bodies and then edit selected slip body points The actions described can also be performed on previously analysed slip bodies To ensure an intersection with the surface is achieved you can place the first and the last slip body point slightly above surface level The program automatically generates the appropriate intersec tions once Return has been pressed It is difficult to cleanly position slip body points on layer boundaries To simplify this you can also move the mouse pointer using the arrow keys Pressing the left and right mouse buttons can also be carried out using the keyboard e Home key
125. factor 1 f is then calculated from n OF u tan PprestAN Peq For calculations after General wedge method or the Vertical slice method as opposed to the pro cedure after Janbu the shear forces in the intermediate slip surfaces are considered Intermediate slip surface Principal slip surfaces Figure 14 Intermediate slip surface and principle slip surfaces This means that in comparison to calculations after Janbu higher safety factors are achieved The program also offers the possibility however of setting the shear forces in the intermediate slip surfaces to 0 When calculating according to General wedge method if several soils are defined within a princi ple or intermediate slip surface the program calculates with averaged values for the friction angle and cohesion If an intermediate slip surface is vertical the shear forces will not be considered in any case GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 49 of 172 June 2015 When calculating with the Vertical slice method the intermediate slip surfaces are vertical and earth pressure forces in the slice flanks are considered the inclination of which results from the pressure line According to DIN 4084 1996 the pressure line may run between the centre and the lower third of the slice flank The program therefore calculates the pressure line at a height h to h 0 416 H H 0 5 0 333 2 H height of slice flank If the inclination of the pressure line and thus the inc
126. fine several centre points arrays You can also carry out this action after centre points have been calculated Individually graphically menu item Individual centre points can be defined by clicking with the left mouse button Individually editor menu item You can define individual centre points entering the x y coordinates in an editor box This menu item is useful if e g you would like to check a third party bank for correct static using specific slip circle centre points Refine menu item The program carries out a triangulation with the current centre points An additional centre point is placed at the centre of the thus determined triangles and the current array is refined Info menu item You will see information on the current centre point array in a dialog box GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 114 of 172 June 2015 9 5 7 Define search grid menu item A description of this menu item can be found in Section 7 4 2 under Worked example 2 Data input via editor Step 4 Define slip circles Ex 2 Define search grid Further examples below will clarify procedure for defining the search grid Figure 26 Example system for defining the search grid Select a centre point array by going to the menu item Centre points In rectangle see Sec tion 9 5 2 T pv 10 00 Figure 27 Centre point array 1 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 115 of 172
127. for complex flow conditions e g embankment with exterior seal Consideration of artesian conditions is also only helpful in a few special cases Complex flow conditions can therefore only be correctly taken into consideration if the pore water pressure is defined at every point of the slope With GGU STABILITY it is possible to define these pressures by means of a pore water pressure mesh triangular mesh which must cover the whole area of the slope under investigation The appropriate mode is activated using the Pore water pressure mesh option button The Pwp mesh menu with a total of 15 menu items is available for defining the trian gular mesh If the Geosythetics via company products check box is activated it is possible to select the products of various geosynthetics manufacturers from a list stored in the program when entering geosynthetics see menu item Nail wall Enter nails manually or Nail wall Generate and the Geosynthetics button in Editor 1 Enter system parameters Section 9 2 2 12 We also recommend activating the Store company products in record check box Otherwise if the file is opened on a computer that does not have the ggu geo files installed the originally selected products are deleted The product lists of the various geosynthetics manufacturers can be selected in the menu item Editor 1 Geosynthetics table values see Section 9 2 7 Activate vibrodisplacement compaction adoption after Priebe Heinz J
128. for the input of geosynthetics in Section 9 2 2 12 You can find a description for the input of tension members in Section 9 2 2 13 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 148 of 172 June 2015 9 11 8 Generate menu item With this menu item you can define all the nails in a wall with very little input If the wall consists of tension members the following dialog box will appear Tension members generation xj V Curent Tension members to be deleted 1 Tension member at bottom m oso Vertical spacing Tension members m 1 000 R d kN 100 00 Free length m 0 000 Diameter m 0 100 Horizontal spacing m 1 500 IV Adopt friction at slice toe Length bottom m 6 000 Length top m 6 000 Inclination 0 000 Cancel aaa aaa After leaving the dialog box the tension members will be displayed If the position and length of the tension members still do not meet your wishes select this menu item once again activate the Current tension members to be deleted check box and correct your input If the nail wall consists of soil nails anchors or geosynthetics you will see a generation dialog box It contains the requisite input boxes for the respective nailing element Attention When generating soil nails or anchors the adhesive force to be entered is with regard to one running metre of wall width The anchor force of an anchor results from multiplication with the horizontal anchor spacing Directly after soil
129. forces are determined from the slip body investigation or from 0 85 times the earth pressure without c The larger of the two values governs The soil nail forces calculated from the slip body investigations are then compared to the forces arising from earth pressure The larger of the two values is then taken The following earth pressure value e is then used in the punching verification E k g q wo c 103 88 kN m E k g wo c 103 88 kN m E k g wo c 0 00 kN m Wall length 6 08 m which gives Earth pressure ed kN n 0 85 1 350 103 88 1 500 0 00 6 08 Earth pressure e d kN re 19 60 Calculate maximum nail forces for punching from Max from failure mechanism and earth pressure 7 Cancel GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 153 of 172 June 2015 The value proposed for the earth pressure e d in the Calculate maximum nail forces dialog box is also adopted for the punching verification After confirming or editing of the calculated earth pressure value the following dialog box will appear Punching verification x 373 slip bodies of 373 calculated Max nail forces kN m Horizontal nail spacing 1 500 m each divided by 1 mu Max nail force in nail no 1 64 81 kN Verification with kN 64 81 Retrieve old verification value Earth pressure e kN nf 19 60 Eff height thickness 0 850 Width height soil nail plate m 0 250 Work bending reinforcem on m 5 03
130. further processing using a different program e g a word processing application Pn ti i m Printer preferences oo Et ted swe Page format Header footer Portrait Font size pts s C Landscape m Print pages From page no 1 Offset for page number to page no ER fo m Output to Cancel Printer File In the dialog box you can define output preferences e Printer preferences group box Using the Edit button the current printer preferences can be changed or a different printer selected Using the Save button all preferences from this dialog box can be saved to a file in order to have them available for a later session If you select GGU STABILITY drk as file name and save the file in the program folder default the file will be automatically loaded the next time you start the program Using the Page format button you can define amongst other things the size of the left margin and the number of lines per page The Header footer button allows you to enter a header and footer text for each page If the symbol appears within the text the current page number will be entered during printing e g Page The text size is given in Pts You can also change between Portrait and Landscape formats e Print pages group box If you do not wish pagination to begin with Z you can add an offset number to the check box This offset will be added to the current
131. g y 1000 EE Edit array colour Cancel Activate the Use array check box This ensures that the cross hairs snap onto these points dur ing the following input with the mouse This makes input of slope geometry easier If you have a geometry which does not lend itself to being forced into such an array do without activating the check box Leave the dialog box with OK The array will be displayed after selecting one of the following menu items If you own a scanner you can produce a bitmap file of the system to be processed This bitmap file can be imported using Graphics preferences Mini CAD toolbar menu item see the Mini CAD manual You can thus further simplify system input GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 15 of 172 June 2015 6 5 Step 4 Enter surface and pore water pressure points Ex 1 Select the Surface menu item from the Editor 2 menu You will first see an info box with possible ways of entering surface geometry Then click on the surface line coordinates with the left mouse button They will be continuously numbered from left to right Erroneous input can be corrected by clicking with the right mouse button or be undone by using the Backspace key For this example click on the following four coordinate pairs Table 1 Surface points of worked example 1 Figure 2 Surface points visualisation worked example 1 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 16 of 172 June 2015
132. ge SE EE EE ie 71 APE AE MENU MEMS AE AO EE EE EE ON teots 71 92 Editor 1 me sesse senile nent lin ER Ke ARE gee ted ae Ee Veg ede Re es 71 9 2 1 Analysis options menu iteM iese ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA GRA GR ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re 71 9 2 2 Enter system parameters menu item ese se se se ee RR RA RA ae Ee ee ee ee ee ee 73 92 2 1 Surface points DUO ies see ESE SEE ER GEGEE Ee Ee EG de De esiin Ee Ee eg Ee 74 9 2 2 2 Soil properties button ee ee ee ee ee ee Re GR Re RR RR GRA GRA Gee Ge ee ee ee ee ee 75 92 2 3 Soll layers button ace EE RE e Meat Seep o dk ewes hota eb eet 76 9 2 2 4 Pore water pressure buftON ese ee siie issis eiii iiis 77 9 2 2 5 Permanent loads live loads button ee se se RA RA GR Re ee Re EE 78 92 2 6 Point loads button 2 2 60 dessin EE oie EE wd a ok MUR see Gee SEGE Ds 78 922 7 ANCHOTS DUttON sey EE EE GE Ree GE ge Ee Ee Ge 79 9 2 2 8 Artesian DUtOM ss E ee Re ee Ee ee ee ee ee E 80 92 2 9 Earthquake Button sersan Aces Hees chasis Gegee ese ewes 80 92 2 10 Dowels DUO EE eee ie he ee es 81 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 3 of 172 June 2015 92 2 11 So nails DUttOM sic see Se ee e ees Eg ED wows edge een ee Eg 82 922 12 Geosynthetics button ER wn ae tee Re woe tthe eet 84 9 2 2 13 Tension members button ceecesceesecsceesseeseeeeeeeeceeeceseenseenseenaeenaeeneeeseeees 87 9 2 2 14 Hor distributed loads buttON ees se ee ee ee
133. h 1996 Der Einfluss der Faserbestandteile auf die Scherfestigkeit von Siedlungsabfall Mitteilungen des Leichtweif Institutes f r Wasserbau der TU Braunschweig Bulletin 133 96 Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Geotechnik 1997 Empfehlungen der Arbeitskreise zur Geotechnik der Deponien und Altlasten GDA Recommendations of the Working Group on Geotechnical Aspects of Landfill and Brownfield Sites GDA Berlin Ernst ISBN 3 433 01318 7 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 166 of 172 June 2015 12 Index A Acceleration value earthguake iese sesse 80 Active earth pressure activate for analysis 38 Active earth pressure calculate after Cullman ER EE ES RE Ee eg 159 160 Adhesive force consideration ees see see 83 Adhesive force edit subsequently sesse 150 Adhesive stress calculation using geosynthetiCs ees see ee Re Ge ee RR GR 84 Adhesive stress soil nail iese see ee ee ee 82 Analysis method select in dialog box 72 Analysis method select using symbol 139 Analysis start using slip bodies 132 135 Analysis start using slip circles 38 127 Anchor force edit subsequently iese see 150 Anchors define inclination ccccccsceeeeeee 79 Anchors define via editor ees ees see se ee ee ee 79 Anchors pre stressed non pre stressed 79 Animation failure mechanism 126 Aquiclude define base top
134. he intermediate slip line with the mouse You may even after having specified polygonal slip bodies after General wedge method switch to the Vertical slice method or Janbu in the menu item Editor Analysis options and carry out the calculations immediately after The defined intermediate slip lines will then simply not be considered GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 123 of 172 June 2015 9 6 3 Edit old menu item You can edit an existing slip body Edit slip body xi Change which slip body None Forw Back 9 6 4 Duplicate menu item You can duplicate an existing slip body in order to use it as the basis for editing Duplicate slip body p x Duplicate which slip bodies None Forw Back New slip body has the number 4 pe a ad Click on the button of the slip body to be duplicated The slip body is then represented in the sys tem and can be modified to suit your needs by moving the polygon points using the mouse Then press the Return key to accept the new slip body and confirm the Use slip body query with Yes 9 6 5 Edit menu item You can define new slip bodies or edit existing ones by entering the coordinates Accordingly you should click on either the New or the Old button in the box If you selected New you must now specify the No of polygon points In the following coordinate input box the number of polygon points can be edited again by pressing the x point s to edit
135. he possibility of sending them directly to the printer or to save them to a file using the Output as ASCII but ton GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 67 of 172 June 2015 9 1 10 2 Button Output as graphics If you selected the Output as graphics button in the previous dialog box a further dialog box in which you can define further preferences for result presentation Graphical table preferences BOE 8 00 You can define the desired layout for the output table in various areas of the dialog box If you need to add a header or footer e g for page numbering activate the appropriate check boxes With headers and or With footers and click on the Edit button You can then edit as re quired in a further dialog box GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 68 of 172 June 2015 ooters Automatic pagination can also be employed here if you work with the placeholders as described After closing the dialog box using OK the ey table is shown page by page on the screen To navigate between the pages use the arrow tools in the toolbar If you need to jump to a given page or back to the graphical representation click on the tool You will then see the following box Choose page GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 69 of 172 June 2015 9 1 10 3 Button Output as ASCII You can have your calculation data sent to the printer without further work on the layout or save it to a file for
136. he slip circles to be calculated via a quadrilateral array on the screen The system is displayed on the screen With the mouse pointer you can specify the corner points of a centre point array To do this you must give the four corner points of a quadrilateral The first corner point is set with the left mouse button Then position the mouse at the second point and press the left mouse button a second time If the first corner point is not according to your wishes you can set it again after pressing the right mouse button press the left mouse button After specifying the corners of the quadrilateral you must enter the number of subdivisions in x and y direction By repeating the above procedure you can define several centre points arrays You can also carry out this action after centre points have been calculated In rectangle menu item The proceeding corresponds to the definition of centre points via a quadrilateral array You must give the two diametrically opposed corners of a rectangle The first corner point is set with the left mouse button Then position the mouse at the second point and press the left mouse button a second time If the first corner point is not according to your wishes you can set it again after pressing the right mouse button press the left mouse button After specifying the corners of the rectangle you must enter the number of subdivisions in x and y direction By repeating the above procedure you can de
137. ial factor GZ 1B 1 400 Anchors Tension members psil for passive anchors Info psifA psil can be entered for every soil up from version 9 32 see menu item Editor 1 Enter system parameters Soil properties Factor for determination of lock off force of anchors DIN 4084 2009 7 2 4 0 8000 m Tension members wall toe is immoveable E m Default values To DIN 1054 2010 Ta NORM EN 1997 1 Cancel If the Wall toe is immoveable check box is activated in GGU STABILITY the information to DIN 4084 2009 in Figure 13 is ignored Implementation of the new standard was carried out with great care over a period of approx two months Competent examination of the implementation was not possible due to the lack of eligible examples available The examples relating to the new DIN 4084 2009 are to be published by the standardisation committee in 2013 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 45 of 172 June 2015 Seven examples are available for DIN 4084 1996 however they were never published These examples are provided as GGU STABILITY files with the program DIN 4084 100 1996 Bsp 1 boe to DIN 4084 100 1996 Bsp 7 boe The partial factors defined at that time envisaged different values for friction angle and cohesion e E g for Load Case 1 Yo 1 25 and Ye 1 60 Accordingly the examples also include these different partial factors The partial factors for fric ti
138. ibilities Erroneous input is therefore not possible The example system has 10 soil layers First select the Soil layers button To edit the number of soil layers select x layer s to edit Then enter 10 as the new number and confirm with OK The example requires input of the following values EE hm Forw Back Cancel Cut 10 layers to edit Import clipboard Paste Mark No ulleft vlleft x right yfright Soil no m m m m 178400 75 0000 348400 69 0000 2 aas soos 420400 69 000 2 azea00 feao s1 e400 6 000 2 sm eeo 60 0000 66 0000 2 ena ero 20 0000 S ea o000 1 200000 62 0000 350000 65 5000 1 eoo 670000 13 0000 6500003 aoo es0000 27 0000 65 0000 3 270000 eso 35 0000 65 5000 3 o EER EE 60 0000 0 0000 1 ee e eererere ee OD AD AR wn The dialog box for the soil layers has two additional buttons in comparison to the corresponding boxes for surface points and soil properties e Cut and e Paste Further small boxes are placed in front of each of the layer values In order to delete a layer you must click on the box of the layer to be deleted and then select the Cut button The layer will then be deleted The layer values are copied to an internal buffer and used as the new values for a layer if a Paste is necessary This makes it easy to reorganise layers Pasting of layer is analo gous to cutting A new layer will be pasted in fro
139. ift mouse wheel down move system graphics down change in system coordinates e Shift Ctrl mouse wheel up move system graphics right change in system coordinates e Shift Ctrl mouse wheel down move system graphics left change in system coordinates Change screen coordinates e Mouse wheel up move screen image up e Mouse wheel down move screen image down e Alt Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge screen image zoom in e Alt Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink screen image zoom out e Alt Shift mouse wheel up move screen image right e Alt Shift mouse wheel down move screen image left GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 163 of 172 June 2015 If you click the right mouse button anywhere on the screen a context menu containing the princi pal menu items opens Analysis options Enter system parameters Graphics output preferences Soil properties legend Analyse Show results Print and export Print output table By double clicking the left mouse button on legends or Mini CAD objects the editor for the se lected object immediately opens allowing it to be edited 10 2 Function keys Some of the function keys are assigned program functions The allocations are noted after the corresponding menu items The individual function key allocations are e Esc refreshes the screen contents and sets the screen back to the given format This is useful
140. iles esse ee ee ee ee ee seee 66 Printer preferences 63 64 70 Program display name in legend sesse see 99 Program save load preferences 141 Program show improvement esse sesse see 161 Program show information se see see 161 Project data add via Mini CAD nsss 138 Project identification enter eee 95 99 Project identification SHOW ees ee ee ee 99 Pull out force calculation using tension members ese se ee ee Punching verification analysis principles Punching verification display results after nail wall analySiS esse esse ee se se ee ee 154 Punching verification start analysis 154 R R d acceptable design force for geosynthetiCs ies see ee ee Ge ee RR RA 85 R d acceptable design force for soil nails 83 RO force at head of geosynthetic 0 0 0 85 RO input using geosynthetics eee 144 Radius ratio pwp mesh elements 04 111 Record description enter YS Reduction earth pressure se OT Reference staff define ee see see ee ee 101 Refinement procedures pwp mesh 112 113 Result graphics edit output preferences 98 145 Result graphics POSIHON ee see se se ee 102 Sand drains e esse esse ee see Scale alter with mouse Scale define via editor e ees see see ee ee ee ee Scale determine automatically 141 Scroll the serei mocna Se Ge Ge ee 163 Search box determine for slip bodies
141. ined and added to the lever arm of the intersection of the soil dowel with the slip circle centre point For polygo nal slip surfaces only the horizontal component of the earth pressure force is considered If the start and end points lie outside of the slip body and two intersections with the slip body are pre sent the soil dowel force will not be considered After calculations that part of the soil dowel which was taken into account will be colour filled so that simple checking is possible Soil dowels x Forw Back Cancel Info 1 soil dowel s to edit duplizieren V Apply query Eftop lt E bottom MV Apply query to E d No xl y1 x2 y2 eld e2 d E d m m m m kN m m kN mm kN m 1 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 100 00 2 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 81 of 172 June 2015 If you activate the Apply query E top lt E bottom check box the earth pressures ranges are investigated see above Figure 20 The smaller of the earth pressures is adopted for the analysis el d and e2 d are design values from the new standard and describe the magnitude of the axial forces in kN m m E d is the design force that can be accepted by the soil dowel If the Apply query to E d check box is activated the computed dowel force cannot become larger than E d see also Info button Example of Supplement 2 of DIN 4084 contains an H pile system which can be considered as soil dowels 9 2
142. input The following system will be shown on the screen You can now save the data set in order to have it available again for a possible later sitting Then select the menu item Save as from the File menu A file requester box then appears Enter the desired file name If you do not enter a suffix when saving boe will be used automatically You should always use the default suffix boe as this is the filter used when loading files This greatly increases the clarity of the file selector box GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 33 of 172 June 2015 7 4 Step 4 Define slip circles Ex 2 7 4 1 Define centre points Ex 2 As the system input is complete you must now describe the geometry of the slip circles First you have to define the centre points For this the following menu items of the Centre points menu are provided Define in quadrilateral You click on the four corners of a quadrilateral with the mouse You can then select an ar ray subdivision The centre points will be set in accordance with the size of the quadrilat eral see also Section 9 5 1 In rectangle You click on two diametrically opposed points of a rectangle and enter an array subdivi sion The centre points will be set in accordance with the size of the rectangle see also Section 9 5 2 Individually graphically You define the coordinates of individual centre points by clicking with the left mouse but ton see also Sectio
143. ints is defined by means of y horizontal x vertical and Dis tance parallel Negative values define a position below or to the left of the surface points All values are in metres in the scale selected see the menu item Page size margins Manual resize editor in Section 9 10 2 The fastest way to modify the position of the dimension line is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 140 of 172 June 2015 9 9 8 Save graphics preferences menu item Some of the preferences you made with the menu items of the Graphics preferences menu can be saved to a file If you select GGU STABILITY alg as file name and save the file on the same level as the program the data will be automatically loaded the next time the program is star ted and need not be entered again If you do not go to File New upon starting the program but open a previously saved file instead the preferences used at the time of saving are shown If subsequent changes in the general preferences are to be used for existing files these preferences must be imported us ing the menu item Graphics preferences Load graphics preferences 9 9 9 Load graphics preferences menu item You can reload a graphics preferences file into the program which was saved using the Graph ics preferences Save graphics preferences menu item Only the corresp
144. ion 7 2 3 3 This is imple mented for tension members in GGU STABILITY In DIN 4084 2009 Section 7 2 3 the term self tensioning is defined The angle wA between the tension member axis and the slip surface is decisive for this see Figure 2 in DIN 4084 2009 This condition is calculated by the program only when DIN 4084 2009 or EC 7 is specified The value for wA can be entered for each soil in the menu item Editor 1 Partial factors In DIN 4084 2009 Section 6 2 3 it is proposed that for pre stressed tension members which are not self tensioning but which act favourably the fixing force of the tension member and not the design value of the tension member is to be used into the calculation If you design according to DIN 4084 2009 the program checks for non self tensioning and favourable and then multiplies the design value of the tension member with a factor which can be entered globally for all tension members in the menu item Editor 1 Partial factors For analysis according to DIN 4084 2009 the design values are to be entered for soil dowels geo synthetics and tension members For the soil properties you enter the characteristic values from which the program calculates the design values using the partial factors During input partial factors must be differentiated for drained and undrained soils Correspond ingly a drained check box is provided for input of soil properties except for analysis using the global factors
145. ion in legend ee se ee 101 Vibrodisplacement compaction enter soil eed EE N aE 76 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 171 of 172 June 2015 W Water levels define via editor 005 28 73 Water levels define with mouse 19 105 Water load calculation from water levels 28 73 Water pressure calculation horizontal MECCA is sie ihe Mea es ee ee ER eg 19 Weight calculate for nail wall se sesse see 155 What you see is what you get esse sesse sees 137 Z Zoom factor define for full screen display 137 Zoom function activate 137 139 163 Zoom system coordinates iese ee se ee 141 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 172 of 172 June 2015
146. ion on Janbu and BishOP iese ee ee ae ee ee Re Re GR Re RR RR RA RA 47 8 3 General information on General wedge method and Vertical slice method iese 49 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 2 of 172 June 2015 8 4 Consolidation theory aaeeio ee a a a E 51 8 5 Safety factor definitions erine Ge ee Da hed A Gee GE 53 8 6 Passive earth pressure Ee De EE Eie ees ESE ER GE denies ad Ee RE Ee See ESE Ges Ee EP Ge ge Ge ese 54 8 7 Sevetalslip bodies lsc AS RED GR EA Pe ES 54 8 8 Nail wall or reinforced earth wall ese se ee ee ee ee ee Re Re RR GR Re RA GRA GR ee Re ee 55 8 8 1 General notes on nail wall analySiS ese see see sa RA Re Re ee ee ee Re Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 55 RAME EE OR RE OR RE EE eae heutsennte 55 8 8 3 Verification of inner stabilltY ee ee ee se RR RR RA GRA GR ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 56 8 8 4 Verification of sliding safety iese se ee RA RA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 56 8 8 5 Verification of overturning safetV ees ee RR RA RA RA ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 57 8 8 6 Verification of bearing capacity safety iese se sa RA Re ee ee ee Re ee Re Ge Re ee ae 58 8 8 7 Verification of general stability iese ee se se GR RR RA RA GRA Re ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 58 8 8 8 Verification of the concrete shell ie ee RA RA RA RA Re ee ee Re Re RR RA 58 8 8 9 Maximum nail forces and verification of punching iese ese ee ee ee se ee Re RA 60 8 8 10 Construction cond
147. istances or penetration resistances by dividing by the partial factors to DIN 1054 or the design val ues for allowable stresses according to the corresponding construction standards The respectively smaller value is adopted The acceptable forces on dead men or anchor slabs must be determined using the design values for ground resistances NOTE Non passive anchors which are not prestressed have no effect GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 44 of 172 June 2015 Where a wall is supported by tension members with angles wA greater than the boundary values given in 7 2 3 4 a tension member may be taken into consideration at any angle if the wall can only rotate around a vertically and horizontally immoveable point at the base of the wall because of the support situation around the toe area In this case the force necessary to accept the design values for earth and water pressures must be adopted as the tensile force for analysing sufficient global stability The settings described can be modified in the lower group box of the Editor 1 Partial factors dialog box and apply to all types of tension members definable in GGU STABILITY Partial factors DIN 4084 GEO x Partial factors Friction angle phi 1250 Cohesion c 1250 Cohesion cfu 1250 Unit weights J 100 Permanent actions 100 Variable actions 1300 Pull out resistance of geosynthetics and Tension members Reduction via gammalB Part
148. item After computation of the safety utilisation factors they can be graphically displayed together with the most unfavourable slip circle 9 7 6 Specific menu item After computation of the safety utilisation factors they can be graphically displayed together with a specific slip circle Just click the desired centre point with the left mouse button GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 128 of 172 June 2015 9 7 7 All menu item After computation of the safety utilisation factors they can be graphically displayed together with the all slip circles You may also apply limitations by entering a boundary value in the following dialog box slip circles to be displayed Zolour for may mue ar mue a Lolour for min mue ar mue 6 The slip circle lines may also be displayed in colour GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 129 of 172 June 2015 9 7 8 Contours menu item If safety utilisation factors have been calculated you can have a contour plan of equal safety utilisation factors displayed above the slope For this the program triangulates the calcu lated centre points The thus determined triangular mesh serves as an interpolation mesh for the presentation After selecting this menu item the following dialog box appears Contours Contour line preferences V Contours with slip circle IV Show all mu Cancel Here you can determine what is to be displayed additional to the contours You can then specify the
149. itions se RR RA RA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ae 60 8 9 General notes on analysis with fibre cohesion ie ee ee ee ee ee Re ER RR RR RA RA 61 9 Description of menu itemS e esse es sees see see Ee EE Se Ee EE SAG EE Ge EE SAG EE GE SA Ee Ge EE SAG EE Ge EE sesso Ge ee ee 63 MEN IE OE EE NE EE EE ER EE N N TE 63 ARE New Menu tenn 2 SA RE EE OE N RE ER 63 9 2 Load men GM RE RE GP ge Ee ee oes eee 63 91 3 Save ment item see GEE Ee GE GE Ge EG EE Ee ee AR han Gegee 63 9 1 4 Save as menu ite oo ee see ee ee ee Re eene Re GRA GRA GRA GRA Ge ee ee ee pie Re ee Re ee ae 63 9 1 5 Load centre points Load slip body data menu iteMS ese ee ee se ee Re 63 9 1 6 Save centre points Save slip body data menu iteMS sesse ee se ke se Re e 63 9 1 7 Printer preferences menu item ese se RA RA GRA GRA Re ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 63 9 1 8 Print and export menu item ese ee ee ee RR RA GRA GRA GRA ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee ae 64 9 1 9 Batch print men Item ss kee kee ees GE EE A A 66 9 1 10 Print output table menu item ee se se RR RA RA GRA RA Ge ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee ee 67 9 1 10 1 Selecting the output format esse ee ee Ge GR Re RR RR GRA GRA Gee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 67 9 1 10 2 Button Output as graphics sessin ee ee Re GE Re GR Re RA GRA Re Re ee ee 68 9 1 10 3 Button Output as ASCII oo see ee se ee RA GR ee iii RA ee o ESE es 70 Ol K ME Kit fem tein de NEN DEE ESA EEE E ee
150. ked example 1 iii Ge Re Ge Re Re 25 Figure 10 Result after optimisation worked example 1 se Se Ge Re GR Re Re RR ee 26 Figure 1 Search grid slip circle radii via start and end radius iese ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 36 Figure 12 Search grid slip circle radii via horizontal tangents 36 Figure 13 Validity of a tension member after Figure 2 in DIN 4084 2009 ee ee ee ee 44 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 7 of 172 June 2015 Figure 14 Intermediate slip surface and principle slip surface se se ee Re Re 49 Figure 15 Consolidation layer meenen e AEA EE ERE E AEE E A AN 51 Figure 16 Vertical GE ER EE E ea n a a tb Ah 52 Figure 17 Passive earth pressure Wedge iii se ee Re Ge Re Ge ee Gee RR Ge ek Ge ee Ge ee ee Ge 54 Figure 18 Equivalent system for weight calculaHON ee ese ee ee ee ee ee ee cute RR Re ee Re ee ee ee ee 56 Figure 19 Vertical section for earth pressure determinaHON ee ees ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 57 Figure 20 Soi dowelS iN EER Ge aa are o ie ee ed Ba iE Ea 8l igure 1 SOUNGUS hn bites Sete eR eee e WE eks n se EG ee ee Ke ee RE ets 82 FIQUPE 22 ETD AE OE RR AT E a S TEE EEA 84 Figure 23 Geosynthetics with two intersections iii ee ee ee ee Re Re RR RR RA Re Re ee ee ee ee 84 Figure 24 Encased columns angle inputt ccccccccccccccscesessseeecnseesceeeseeecseseecuseeeceseeseeseeteeeeenseeeenaes 93 Figure25 Potential lines MM les eens EE cules ES Se ee cadens aA de E a 107 Figure 26 Examp
151. l the size of the legend using Font size and Max no of lines where necessary several columns are used The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 func tion key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed In the general legend you can if wished display information on the program name and version and on the current file The current file name can be shown in the legend either with or without the path Date and or time can be displayed too GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 99 of 172 June 2015 9 2 13 Soil properties legend menu item If the Show legend check box is activated a legend is displayed on the output sheet consisting of the current soil layers and the corresponding soil properties Soil properties legend x M Show legend s ystem coloured x value mm 91 00 y value mm 246 00 Font size mm 25 Edit soil properties m Soil colours hatching Colours J Automatically Hatching Legend hatching factor Too J Explanation of vibrodisplacement compaction Cancel You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x value and y value The size of the legend is controlled by the values for Font size The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position while holding the left mouse button
152. lated using a variation of the slip surface angle between theta 1 and theta 2 in steps of Delta theta theta 1 30 000 theta 2 80 000 Delta theta 0 200 The analysis is made using Janbu s method The effect of any existing structural elements such as geosynthetics etc is switched off The earth pressure eah is acquired from E ah by numerical differentiation and may therefore be flawed e g in stratified systems The analysis has NO impact on the nail wall analysis Input No of subdivisions 20 Wall friction angle delta friction angle phi 0 000 No of slices 250 m Graphical visualisation Earth pressure magnitude m 3 000 Show earth pressure eah Show total earth pressure Eah Show earth pressure eah water pressure J Earth pressure eah as a step function I Show slip surfaces Cancel A number of preferences can be specified for subsequent graphical visualisation The analysis results are initially presented in a message box Using the Copy to clipboard button in the mes sage box the data can be copied to the Windows clipboard e g to paste into a Word document After exiting the message box the computed earth pressure is displayed in the system in line with the selected settings GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 159 of 172 June 2015 9 11 18 Passive earth pressure after Culmann menu item The passive earth pressure after Culmann ca
153. le system for defining the search grid iese ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ee Re ee Re ee 115 Figure 27 Centrepoint array Jie Re SR se SNR Ee AE Ee SNR de Bok GER Ged ae de EE en geed oe sheets 115 Figure 28 Selected search grid Se SR Ge AR Ge GR ee GR Ge AR Ge Re EAE Ge AA Ge EE ee aa 117 Figure 29 Results for centre point Array d ie sees se ee Ge Re Ge Re GR ee ek Ge RR Ge ee Ge ee ee ee ee 117 Figure 30 Results for centre point Array 2 sesse ee Ge Re Ge Re GR ee GR Ge RA Ge eke Ge ee ee ee ee 118 Figure 31 Centre point array 3 iese sees se ee ee ee ee ee Se Ge GR Ge Ge Ge ee ee ee ee ee ee Se ee 119 Figure 32 Results for centre point Array 3 sees se ee Re Ge Re GR ee GR Ge ee Ge ee Ge ee ee ee ee 120 Figure 33 Cantilever Wall sss ses GE EE RE ee eg ee Ed Re SENSE RENS E Ge ge oer GENRE De ce 121 Figure 34 Search grid for cantilever wall esse esse ese se ee ee Re Ge ee Ge ee Re Ge ee Ge Re Ge ee ee ee ee 121 Figure 35 Result for cantilever wall iese see se Ge aa Ge Re GR ee GR be AR a Ge ee ee 122 Figure 36 Face numbering face 2 and face 4 are nailed ii ee ee Re Re RR ee 144 Figure 37 Structural system for a solid SIAD cccccccccceecesessceseeseetetseeeecseescuseeseesesieeeeenseesenseeseeaees 157 Figure 38 Structural system for a horizontally continuous Slab iese ee ee ee tees tees Re RR ee 158 Figure 39 Structural system for a solo slab 158 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 8 of 172 June 2015 1 Preface Th
154. lected element various input areas will be activated Explanations can be found by clicking on the Info and buttons The force RO designates an anchorage at the head of the geosynthetics e g in a gabion wall If you have selected Geosynthetics as nailing element and Specify LO and determine RO auto matically you enter the fold over length LO when generating the geosynthetics The program will then automatically calculate the force RO from the fold over length The Concrete shell thickness and the Horizontal nail centres are important for punching verification tension members and for data export to GGU SLAB Further information on the Investigate construction condition check box can be read by click ing the Info button If the gam2 as buoyant unit weight check box is activated this is taken into consideration accordingly when verifying bearing capacity see Theoretical principles Section 8 8 6 If the soil properties in the ground deviate from the automatically determined mean values activate the User defined soil properties check box Then it is also possible to employ user defined soil properties in the following input boxes GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 144 of 172 June 2015 9 11 3 Graphics menu item The appearance of the earth pressure wedge and the gravity body can be edited This menu item cannot be selected if more than nailed slope face exists in the system The dialog box input
155. legend 147 Nail wall start earth pressure calculation 155 Nail wall start weight calculation Nails define inclination ht Nails define via editOT esse esse ee see ee ee ee ee ee ee Nails edit subsequently iese sesse see se ee Nails generate automatically 0 esse se ee Navigation output table oo eee eee N N ormal force in slice fOO cee ee ee ee ee ormal stress activate display using slip bodi 8 Gee ee eg ee Ee ee ee 136 Normal stress activate display using Slip circles snose earns ER Ee ee es 128 O ONORM EN 1997 1 select partial Safety FAGLOFS sisi de see gas de ge eg Re Output table navigation Output table preferences for output ASCU Sie EES EE ESE RE gan taal need ae 70 Output table preferences for output ASOTADIES es GE SE ee Ee ER GEE Ee eke De Output table select output format Output table switch to system graphics 69 138 Overturning safety display results in MESSAGE DOK EE divas eed EE ER EK ge ER eg 152 Overturning safety verification principles using nail wall eee 57 P Page format define cc see ee se ee 142 Page margins defin esse ee se ee 142 Page margins switch on off esse ee 98 142 Page section Copy print cceeeeeeeee 139 165 Pagination automatic 0 0 ee see se ee 69 70 Partial factors define ees ees se ee ee 94 146 Partial safety factors select from NORM EN
156. legend see se see ee 99 Status bar main program activate ees esse 138 Stresses display SOVErnINg ee esse se 106 Structural elements define via editor 92 Structural elements define with mouse 105 Structural systems for export to GGU SLAB ee cette se ee ee ee 157 Substitute earth pressure fOTCE iese esse see 54 Surface points define via editor 1 29 74 Surface points define with mouse 16 103 Surface points import via Windows clipboard ere 29 74 System coordinates alter via editor 141 System coordinates alter with mouse 141 System coordinates optimise 0 0 0 eee 141 System coordinates save load ees sees sees 142 System coordinates ZOOM sees ee see se ee 141 System input using bitmaps esse sesse se ee 15 System input using DXF files ee 103 System input via editor ee sees se ee ee ee 28 73 System input with MOuSC ccceeeeeeeeeeeee 13 System properties display in legend 99 System activate coloured hatched displays eharra s 98 100 139 System edit graphics output preferences 98 Syst m MITO shes ees dep ce gen SEE Ge TR Ee Ee Ee 96 System show information ees ese see se ee 161 SYSTEM testarea goe ee ee de ES ide Ns 96 T Tension member enter max psi A iese esse Tension members analysis preferences Tension members define via editor hy Tension members
157. les Generally pore water pressures in slopes are defined using a pore water pressure line The appro priate programs including GGU STABILITY calculate the pore water pressure at the slice foot from the vertical distance between the slice foot and the pore water pressure line directly above it This procedure implies the supposition that percolation through the slope is exclusively horizontal This supposition is sufficiently exact for a large number of slopes With complicated flow condi tions e g embankment with exterior seal this supposition is no longer justified Consideration of artesian conditions is also only helpful in a few special cases A correct consideration of compli cated flow conditions can therefore only be done if the pore water pressure is defined at every point of the slope The GGU STABILITY program allows such a definition via a pore water pressure mesh triangular mesh which must cover the whole area of the slope to be investigated The potential h is defined at each triangle point h u yw y with e u pore water pressure e g in KN m e y unit weight of water e y elevation head With the help of this triangular mesh the program can determine the pore water pressure u at every point using linear interpolation within the triangular mesh You can define this pore water pres sure mesh completely with the mouse This can however take some time for complicated flow conditions If you are in possession of a g
158. lination of the earth pressure force is larger than the average friction angle in the corresponding slice flank the average friction angle will be used for calculations In the examples in the DIN 4084 1996 the friction angle is averaged using the earth pressure coefficients The program does this simply via soil thickness GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 50 of 172 June 2015 8 4 Consolidation theory If cohesive layers are loaded faster than they can release their pore water excess pore water pres sures result which are only gradually dissipated This process is known as consolidation For a one dimensional case a closed solution exists see e g Das Advanced Soil Mechanics McGraw Hill The following input values are required e Au excess pore water pressure at time t 0 constant for the whole layer depth e E constrained modulus of layer e k permeability of layer e d thickness of layer e t time at which the excess pore water pressure is to be determined Further to this the drainage conditions of the layer are to be considered e draining to the top and bottom e draining to the top only e draining to the bottom only The program allows input of these values via so called consolidation layers Figure 15 Consolidation layer Consolidation layers are defined by two boundary polygons Each polygon point must be assigned a pore water pressure In Figure 15 a consolidation layer is shown which can drain to
159. lled so that simple checking is possible Sotnas j x Forw Back Cancel Info Modify 0 soil nails to edit Automatically Sort MV Apply query to R d x1 yl Inclination Length f d f2 d Rd m m inl m kN mm kN mm kN Am f1 d and f2 d are design values from the new standard and describe the magnitude of the axial forces in kN m m R d is the design force that can be accepted by the soil nail If the Apply query to R d check box is activated the computed nail force cannot become larger than R d The inclination is from the x axis positive in clockwise direction If several nails are present in the system and all have the same separation you can greatly simplify input by using the Automati cally button Using Modify length and adhesive force can be easily edited In contrast to anchors pre stressing cannot be considered for soil nail input see Section 8 2 The only advantage is that a linearly variable skin friction can be specified If you do not wish to con sider a linearly variable skin friction input of a soil nail as an anchor has an equivalent effect and even has advantages as far as consideration of pre stressing is concerned The example system has no soil nails so input is not necessary GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 83 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 12 Geosynthetics button Geosynthetics are a special case of soil nails l L1 a Geosynthetic Figure 22 Geosynthetic For ea
160. lope with circular slip surfaces Ex 2 When the definition is according to your wishes calculations can be started Select the Analyse menu item from the Utilisation factors menu You can also initiate the analysis using the F5 function key and see the same start dialog box Start calculation x No of slices maximum 1000 50 V Graphics during calculations V Use extended circles recommended IV Investigate all circle intersections recommended IV New iteration method recommended Slip body movement to left C right V With passive earth pressure With active earth pressure JV With the moment from water pressure on the passive ep wedge Cancel Adjust the number of slices to suit your wishes Slip body movement should be to the left The With passive earth pressure check box should remain activated This enables consideration of a passive earth pressure wedge in those areas in which the slip surface is steeper than 45 2 Confirm your input with OK Computation will then be performed using the data provided If you chose to view the graphical representation during computation you will now see the course of the calculations together with safety factor data on the screen Once calculations are complete you will be shown some statistics After confirming with OK the minimum safety factors corresponding to each centre point will be displayed The slip circle with the lowest safety will also be g
161. lue is gt 0 additional slip surfaces are generated which inter sect the respective nail GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 23 of 172 June 2015 The number of newly generated slip surfaces is shown in a message box After closing the mes sage box the slip surfaces are immediately shown on the screen LA EM EE eos 1 y 0 90 R d 14 5 BP 7 Figure 8 Slip surfaces in system worked example 1 6 12 Step 11 Analyse the slope Ex 1 After defining the slip bodies the system can be analysed Select the menu item Analyse slip bodies from the Utilisation factors menu The following note is shown You are analysing with friction reduction due to geosynthetics l Do not show this notice any more in this session Cancel If the slip surface coincides with the geosynthetics the tangent of the friction angle is multiplied by the geosynthetics reduction factor u and correspondingly adopted for analysis After confirm ing the note the following dialog box opens Start calculation after Janbu x Slip body movement to left C right V Test passive earth pressure wedge No of slices Which slip body EN All Cancel Forw Back Eed eal Ea E Sul EET MENEER ETIEK bel lel slee ell i d GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 24 of 172 June 2015 Adjust the number of slices to suit your wishes If the Test passive earth pressure wedge check box is activated the program will examine whether gradi
162. members button To emphasise the universal usefulness of this structural element the original Injection pile des ignation was changed to Tension member You can modify designation at will e g to Soil nails in the Editor 1 Tension member designations menu item to make program output more legible to third parties When defining tension members the acceptable friction forces are determined using the shaft friction qs defined for each soil The following example can be found as Example manual ten sion member boe file in the program s example folder x Horizontal spacing m 1 500 Forw Back Cancel Sort Modify Info on R d Friction info 1 Tension members IV Dimension R d in kN No x1 yl Inclination Lenath Diameter Free lenath Rd Adopt friction m m m m m kN at slice toe 1 7 5144 3 7572 27 647 7 0000 0 100 2 00 l 100 00 V Yes The following data are required for tension members e xl yl tension member head coordinates e Inclination tension member inclination e Length tension member length e Diameter diameter D of tension member e Free length length from tension member head excluding grouted section e R d design value of material resistance If the Adopt friction at slice toe check box is activated the friction generated by the friction force in the corresponding slice is adopted The following tension member is given by the input in the above dialog box
163. menu for slip circles only RA RA RA RA Re ee ee Re Re Ge Re 114 9 5 1 Define in quadrilateral menu item ee se ee RA RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee Re ee ee 114 9052 Imteetangle menuitem yes sei ER EE Ss EE GR RE A 114 9 5 3 Individually graphically menu item esse ee se se Re RR RA GRA GRA GRA GR ee ee ee 114 9 5 4 Individually editor menu item eee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA GRA ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee 114 95 5 Refine menu item ii RED ered do ene ESE N ie Gee ee ee sg es 114 ET Info EED GO EE EE OE EE EE EE RE i 114 9 5 7 Define search grid menu item iese ee ee ee Re RR RR RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 115 9 5 8 Semi automatic menu iteM ee ee ee ee Re Re ER GRA RA GRA GRA Re Ee ee ee ee ee ee 122 9 5 9 Delete individually menu item iese sesse ee ee ee Re GR Re RR GRA GRA GRA GR ee ee ee ee ee 122 9 5 10 Delete all menu item ese ee ee ee ee Re Re RR GR Re GR Re GRA GRA Gee ee ee ee ee ee ee 122 95 11 Display menu item 2 00 2 ge ESE Ee ge nd SEDEER Ee ees ee GE Gee we 122 9 6 Slip body menu for polygonal slip surfaces only ee ee ee ee ee ee Re Re Ge Re 123 9 6 1 Info menu item sissies EE EE VERE SE e EN VEG Ee a De ee EE EE ee ee ge 123 9 6 2 Define new menu item eie ESE OE Ee SR n He GEGEE wanna wd hea 123 9 63 Editold menu 1tem EES GE EE GR ae eee 124 9 64 Duplicate menu TEM ie Ee EES SE ES SEE GE Ee GEN ESE i EER Ge Ge DEE GES Es SEN RE ed eg 124 96 5 VECit imei Ie EDE testes RE Ee
164. n The colour subdivision is controlled via the number of colours In the above example 16 colour steps between Colour 1 and Colour 2 have been selected The default course runs from red to blue These colours can be edited as wished after selecting the buttons Colour 1 and or Colour 2 After confirming with OK the contour lines will be displayed A colour bar at the right screen edge serves to help in allocation of a colour to a particular safety utilisation factor value If this bar is drawn into the right page margin then select m Contour data Minimum value 0 6845 Maximum value 1 0377 Determine extreme values r Colour fill C Colour 1 C Colour 2 No of colours je I Change colour series Further preferences Also show Mesh M Outline Lines Cancel a larger right plot margin in the Page size and margins menu item GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 131 of 172 June 2015 9 8 9 8 1 9 8 2 Safety Utilisation factors menu for polygonal slip surfaces only General notes This menu appears as Safety factors if the setting in Editor 1 Analysis options is DIN 4084 1981 or as Utilisation factors for DIN 4084 1996 DIN 4084 2009 and EC 7 see also the Theoretical principles section The following menu items are only active with a method employing polygonal slip surfaces The menu items for methods employing slip circles can be found in Se
165. n 9 5 3 Individually editor You enter the centre point coordinates directly using the keyboard see also Section 9 5 4 A current array can be supplemented and refined at any time You can also swap between the above described methods A total of 5000 slip circle centre points can be entered The area above the slope which is clickable with the mouse is somewhat small Select the Zoom menu item from the Page size margins menu Confirm the default zoom factor of 0 8 with OK Now select the Individually graphically menu item from the Centre points menu and then click on some centre points in front of the slope with the left mouse button It is now up to you to try using one of the other methods for centre point definition GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 34 of 172 June 2015 7 4 2 Define search grid Ex 2 After completing the centre point definition a search grid must be specified Select the Define search grid item from the Centre points menu The following dialog box appears Define search grid x General mu will be deleted IV Snap to current line ends MV Show circles MM Show radii Define search grid with mouse Previously calculated m Variation of slip circle radii Use I Show first and last circle only lo Start and end radius No of radii Horizontal tangents C Vertical tangents Perpendicular tangents Define manually C Use Line Rec
166. n be determined using this menu item The following dialog box opens Passive earth pressure after Culmann xj Info Passive earth pressure on the wall is calculated using a variation of the slip surface angle between thetaf1 and theta 2 in steps of Delta theta theta 1 15 000 theta 2 80 000 Delta theta 0 200 The analysis is made using Janbu s method The effect of any existing structural elements such as geosynthetics etc is switched off Passive earth pressure eph is acquired from Eph by numerical differentiation and may therefore be flawed e g in stratified systems Input No of subdivisions 20 Wall friction angle delta friction angle phi 0 000 No of slices 250 m Graphical visualisation Passive ep magnitude m 3 000 Show passive earth pressure eph Show total passive earth pressure Eph Show passive earth pressure eph water pressure Passive earth pressure eph as a step function Show slip surfaces Cancel A number of preferences can be specified for subsequent graphical visualisation The analysis results are initially presented in a message box Using the Copy to clipboard button in the mes sage box the data can be copied to the Windows clipboard e g to paste into a Word document After exiting the message box the computed earth pressure is displayed in the system in line with the selected settings GGU STABILITY Us
167. n gom cos 4 T GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 61 of 172 June 2015 Whereby the following condition is adhered to G b tancg lt Z max It must be taken into consideration when adopting the cohesion cay that surcharge independent shear strength components resulting from the surcharge independent tensile stresses may occur in both the underlying matrix cohesion cam and the fibre matrix surcharge independent fibre cohe sion T Zy Because these surcharge independent shear strength components cannot be exactly differentiated they may not be simultaneously adopted for analyses With the exception of the equation extension for analysis of the slice base shear resistance no further changes have been made to the program s underlying analysis methods The description given in the General information on Janbu and Bishop section applies see Section 8 2 Input of soil properties is described using an example for conventional analysis without fibre cohesion in Worked example 2 Data input via editor Step 2 Enter system parameters Ex 2 Soil properties see Section 7 2 3 As described above further parameters are required for analysis with fibre cohesion they are entered in the corresponding input screen Soil Friction Cohesion Unit PW Traction Degree of Tensile angle weight coeff angle activation strength kN m kN m kN m Residual waste 25 10 9 35 0 7 1 0 210 Old waste
168. n with the horizontal anchor spacing GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 150 of 172 June 2015 9 11 10 Optimise menu item If you are working with geosynthetics you can let the program search for the optimum product for your nail wall see Worked example 1 Section 6 13 9 11 11 Generate slip surfaces menu item By entering only a little data you can generate a number of slip surfaces using this menu item Slip surfaces with 2 polygonal sections are generated two wedge failure mechanism Generate slip surfaces x V Delete current slip surfaces m Active ep wedge Min inclination 45 0 Max inclination 65 0 No of subdivisions 2 m Slip surfaces I Only of lowest nail Starting point under nail head m 0 50 7 Also use point for lowest nail otherwise starting point base of wall No of intersections with nail 5 V Generate only uni directionally curved Cancel In the upper group box of the dialog box define the inclinations of the rear slip line responsible for the active earth pressure acting on the system The two inclinations given are used as limit values The number of subdivisions used is given by No of subdivisions Define the location of the front slip line in the lower group box The lowest slip lines always begin at the base of the wall and end at the tips of the nails If the only of lowest nail check box is deactivated additional slip lines are als
169. nd you can have lines of equal potential contours displayed using this menu item It is also possible to have normal contours displayed or colour filled contours The dialog boxes which appear are described more closely in Section 9 7 8 Safety Utilisation factors slip circles Contours menu item and in Sec tion 9 7 9 Safety Utilisation factors slip circles Coloured menu item Determine pwp menu item For better input control you can determine the pore water pressure at any point within the system with a mouse click using this menu item Define nodes menu item With this menu item you specify the position of triangle nodes using the mouse Use of the mouse is in accordance with the description in the box GGU STABILITY x Left mouse button defines a new node Right mouse button deletes a node J Snap on to line ends Large crosshairs After clicking on a node you must enter the corresponding potential GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 109 of 172 June 2015 9 4 7 Change menu item After clicking on this menu item the following dialog box appears Node coordinates potentials x Forw Back Cancel Go to no fi 274 models to edit No slm yim him 1 sss ss ass 2 ass ass RE 3 ess sr ss 4 iss ao aoe 5 eo es aa 6 ss or a0005 1 oos arses aor 8 som 20303 2000 Within this box it is possible to change the x and y coordinates and the potential via the key
170. nd offer correction possibilities It is even easier to import soil layers via the Windows clipboard For example if the soil strata information is available in an Excel table it is possible to copy the respective columns containing the data into the clipboard Edit Copy and then to paste them into the dialog box shown above by pressing Import clipboard Before importing the information select the soil number of the strata layer being pasted 9 2 2 4 Pore water pressure button The coordinates of the pore water pressure line are entered as a polygon course The x values of the polygon course must increase from left to right From the vertical distance between the slice foot and the point on the pore water pressure line above this the program calculates the valid pore water pressure u for the slice If the pore water pressure line lies below the slice foot the pore water pressure will be set to zero The pore water pressure line must cover the whole of the area to be investigated in the calcula tions If no pore water pressures are present you can simply define a pore water pressure line which consists of two points and which runs below any possible y values of the slice feet If a phreatic line is present within the slope this line is generally a pore water pressure line First select the Pore water press button in the central dialog box and then of To enter pore water pressure points alter the number to 2 e g using the x p
171. ns 100 Variable actions 130 Pull out resistance of geosynthetics and Tension members I Reduction via gammalB Partial factor GEO 2 1 400 r Anchors Tension members psi A for passive anchors Info psifA psil can be entered for every soil up from version 9 32 see menu item Editor 1 Enter system parameters Soil properties Factor for determination of lock off force of anchors DIN 4084 2009 7 2 4 0 8000 m Tension members V wall toe is immoveable al Default values To DIN 1054 2010 To NORM EN 1997 1 Cancel Here you enter the partial factors the values for psi A and the factor for the lock off force of anchors tension members see Section 8 1 In the Default values group box the partial factors for the various load cases and subsoil condi tions given in the DIN 1054 2010 and in the EC 7 can be selected by means of the dialog box reached by clicking the To DIN 1054 2010 button The load case designations were altered for the EC 7 partial safety factor concept e Load Case 1 is now DS P Persistent Design Situation e Load Case 2 is now DS T Transient Design Situation e Load Case 3 is now DS A Accidental Design Situation In addition there is a seismic design situation DS E In the DS E design situation all partial factors 1 0 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 94 of 172 June 2015 It is also possible to select th
172. nt boxes and restart the function by clicking the icon again If Clipboard was selected move to the MS Word document for example after marking the area and paste the copied graphics using Edit Paste If File was selected the following dialog box opens once the area has been defined Info EE File D Programe Civilserve GGU S oftware GGU S TABILITY imageD emf generated Rename Delete The default location of the file is the folder from which the program is started and if several files are created the file is given the file name Image0 emf with sequential numbering If the Rename button in the dialog box is clicked a file selector box opens and the copied area can be saved under a different name in a user defined folder Saving can be aborted by pressing the De lete button If the Printer button was pressed in the first dialog box a dialog box for defining the printer settings opens after marking the area Following this a dialog box for defining the image output settings opens After confirming the settings the defined area is output to the selected printer GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 165 of 172 June 2015 11 Literature Collins K lsch Ziehmann 1997 Ver nderung des Tragverhaltens und der mechanischen Ei genschaften von Abfallen durch Alterung und Abbau DFG final report Ref no Co 76 26 1 to 5 Leichtweif Institute for Hydraulic Engineering Technical University of Braunschweig K lsc
173. nt of the marked layer Correct sorting can also be left to the program by selecting the Test system menu item from the Editor 1 menu The program will find any irregularities and offer correction possibilities GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 31 of 172 June 2015 It is even easier to import soil layers via the Windows clipboard For example if the soil strata information is available in an Excel table it is possible to copy the respective columns containing the data into the clipboard Edit Copy and then to paste them into the dialog box shown above by pressing Import clipboard Before importing the information select the soil number of the strata layer being pasted 7 2 5 Pore water pressure Ex 2 The coordinates of the pore water pressure line are entered as a polygon course The x values of the polygon course must increase from left to right From the vertical distance between the slice foot and the point on the pore water pressure line above this the program calculates the valid pore water pressure u for the slice If the pore water pressure line lies below the slice foot the pore water pressure will be set to zero The pore water pressure line must cover the whole of the area to be investigated in the calcula tions If no pore water pressures are present you can simply define a pore water pressure line which consists of two points and which runs below any possible y values of the slice feet If a phreatic line is prese
174. nt within the slope this line is generally a pore water pressure line The example system has 5 pore water pressure points First select the Pore water press button in the central dialog box and then alter the number of pore water pressure points to 5 using the x pwp point s to edit button Enter the values shown in the following dialog box Pore water pressure points x Forward Back Cancel L Doe _ Import clipboard 5 pwp point s to edit Sort No x m y m 1 ooo 700000 2 eoo 700000 3 zao neo NE a 5 eo s000 For deleting and pasting of pore water pressure points see the note in Surface points Sec tion 7 2 2 The pore water pressure points can also be imported via the Windows clipboard For example if the x y coordinates of the pore water pressure points are available in an Excel table it is possible to copy the two columns containing the data into the Windows clipboard Edit Copy and then to paste them into the dialog box shown above by pressing Import clipboard GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 32 of 172 June 2015 7 3 Step 3 Check and save system Ex 2 After finishing input you can select the Test system menu item from the Editor 1 menu and have the correctness of your system input checked by the program If errors are detected an error message will be produced with a note on the faulty area of the data set The program will then offer correction possibilities for all erroneous
175. number given in dialogue box Figure 12 Search grid slip circle radii via horizontal tangents If the location of the governing search grid cannot be unequivocally identified from the system it makes sense to define Top of slope and Base of system as points A and B e Vertical tangents All radii touch a vertical tangent which is defined by the points A and B Subdivisions be tween these two are in accordance with the user specified number of radii This method is of only minor importance e Perpendicular tangents All radii touch a tangent the rise of which is specified as being normal to a line connecting points A and B Subdivisions between these two are in accordance with the user specified number of radii This method is of only minor importance GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 36 of 172 June 2015 After confirming with OK click on two points A and B within the slope The boundary radii will then be displayed If you are not satisfied with your choice you can then immediately click on two new points Note For bearing capacity analysis with a footing within the slope definition of a search grid is not necessary The search grid will be set automatically The left or right footing edge will be defined as search radius depending on slip body movement For Variation of rectangular or quadrilateral grids you also have the option of selecting between a number of methods After selecting the method to be adopted and ent
176. o edit the number of soils select x soil s to edit Then enter 3 as the new number and confirm with OK You can now enter the soil properties for example 2 as shown in the following dialog box Soil properties xj Forw Back Cancel Done Swap soils 3 soilfs to edit gamma qs k max pil No phi c gamma qs k max psil EE 7 kN n Nr kN r FI Designation drained 1 32 50 0 00 19 00 5 00 75 00 Sand 2 20 00 20 00 20 00 5 00 75 00 Clay 3 15 00 5 00 16 00 5 00 75 00 Clay MI GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 30 of 172 June 2015 7 2 4 Soil layers Ex 2 The positions of the soils layers are now entered The layering of the slope is described by the soil layers A soil layer always consists of two x y coordinate pairs The area above these two coordinate pairs is assigned the properties of the soil which is also to be entered as a number in accordance with the numbering in the Soil properties dialog box The soil layers are upwardly valid as far as surface level or to the lower edge of a higher soil layer Soil layer input must be in such a manner that in all possible vertical sections the soil layer which is above has the lower layer number do not confuse the layer number with the soil number This condition is checked by the program If this condition is not adhered to an error message will be issued with information on the layer number and correction poss
177. o generated from the soil nails above These lines will begin at the head of the respective nails or at a given distance below this you can specify this distance with Starting point under nail head m The slip lines end at the nail foot if the slip line has a positive inclination otherwise the slip line is rejected except for the lowest nail If the No of intersections with nail value is gt 0 additional slip surfaces are generated which inter sect the respective nail Strictly speaking an analysis utilising the General wedge method must also vary the intermediate slip line The inclination of the intermediate slip line is adopted by the program at the same value as the rear principal slip line but with the opposite sign Generally this is not the most unfavourable location for the intermediate slip line only for highly variable stratification in the region of the intermediate and principal slip lines GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 151 of 172 June 2015 9 11 12 Sliding overturning bearing failure menu item Verification is in accordance with the notes in the Theoretical principles section You will see the results in message boxes After exiting the message boxes the principal design values are displayed on the screen in the Nail wall legend see Section 9 11 5 if the corresponding check boxes are activated in the Nail wall Verifications Safety menu item see Section 9 11 4 This function can also be accessed by pr
178. oad for both sides in the following dialog box Figure 6 Permanent load visualisation worked example 1 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 19 of 172 June 2015 6 8 Step 7 Enter soil properties Ex 1 The slope geometry has now been described Now you only need to enter the soil properties Select the Enter system parameters menu item from the Editor 1 menu You will see a dia log box for manual input of the system parameters The values in brackets following the respective item show how many points layers etc have been defined Enter system parameters xj J New image coordinates after Done Slip body movement to left tight Water level at front left of slope m ooo Water level at front right of slope m ooo gamma water kN n 1000 No of slices 50 Surface points 4 Soil properties 1 Soil layers 2 Pore water press 2 Permanent loads 1 Live loads 0 Point loads 0 Anchors 0 Artesian Earthquake Dowels 0 Soil nails 0 Geosynthetics 0 Tension members 0 Horiz distributed loads 0 Select the Soil properties x button and click on the 1 soil s to edit button in the dialog box Enter the value 2 into the dialog box and confirm with OK Enter the soil properties given in the following dialog box Soil properties Exi Forw Back Cancel Swap soils 2 soilfs to edit gamma ask max peil drained No
179. ody is there is no possibility of getting this across to the client within the framework of a geotechnical report In order to offer some assistance this menu item was introduced in the program You can thus display and print individual frames Us age is similar to that described in Section Slip body Animation GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 126 of 172 June 2015 9 7 9 7 1 9 7 2 9 7 3 Safety Utilisation factors menu for slip circles only General notes This menu appears as Safety factors if the setting in Editor 1 Analysis options is DIN 4084 1981 or as Utilisation factors for DIN 4084 1996 DIN 4084 2009 and EC 7 see also the Theoretical principles section The following menu items are only active with a method employing slip circles The menu items for methods employing polygonal slip surfaces can be found in Section 9 8 Analyse menu item Once you have defined a centre point array and a search grid see the description for the Centre points menu computation of the safety utilisation factors can begin You can also initiate the analysis using the F5 function key An explanation of the dialog box can be found in the Worked example 2 Data input via edi tor Step 5 Analyse slope with circular slip surfaces in Section 7 5 Display details menu item You click on the centre point for which you would like to see all important analysis results The designations used correspond to those u
180. ogram is started By clicking on the tools smart icons for the menu items you can directly reach most of the pro gram functions The meaning of the smart icons appears as a text box if you hover with the mouse pointer over the tools Some of the tool functions cannot be activated from the normal menu items KAEI Next page Previous page Using these tools you can navigate between the individual pages in the tabular representation Select page If you are in the tabular representation you can use this tool to jump to a specific page or to return to the normal representation that is to the graphics GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 138 of 172 June 2015 Zoom out If you have previously zoomed in this tool returns to a full screen display Zoom Zoom With the zoom functions you can zoom in or out of parts of the image by clicking the left mouse button Colour on off If you need to remove the colour from the system presentation to create a black and white print out for example use this on off switch Copy print area Use this tool to copy only parts of the graphics in order to paste them e g to a report You will see information on this function and can then mark an area which is copied to the clipboard or can be saved in a file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and tricks Section 10 3 Change method By clicking on this tool you switch to
181. on angle and cohesion are the same in the new DIN 4084 2009 e E g for Load Case 1 Yo 1 25 and Vo 1 25 The utilisation factors 1 computed in the examples therefore do not correspond to those in the current version of the standard A comparison of the results in the examples DIN 4084 1996 with those given by GGU STABILITY displays an excellent correlation GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 46 of 172 June 2015 8 2 General information on Janbu and Bishop The program is based on e Bishop circular slip surfaces aa Ds iL ry G sin BY M with T G u Au b tango c b 1 cos 3 2 tang sin 4 di e Janbu polygonal slip surfaces EDADA D G tan 9 9 H with T IG u Au b tang c b 1 cos 9 Dane ans 7 from DIN 4084 Where n terrain or slope failure safety factor G self weight of an individual slice in kN m with consideration of the soil unit weight estimates from Table 1 including surcharges M moments of loads and forces not included in G around the centre point of the slip cir cle in kNm m positive when acting excitingly H for Janbu analogous Ms moments around the centre point of the slip circle in kNm m from forces after Sec tion 6e DIN4084 which are not considered in T HS for Janbu analogous T the resisting tangential force of the soil at the slip surface for each slice in kN m for polygonal slip surfaces the horizontal component
182. onding data will be refreshed 9 10 Page size margins menu 9 10 1 Auto resize menu item This menu item provides a to scale visualisation in both x and y coordinates of the system and result graphics If you have previously altered the image coordinates using the mouse or via editor you can quickly achieve a complete view using this menu item This function can also be accessed using the F9 function key 9 10 2 Manual resize editor menu item You can alter the image coordinates by direct numerical input in a dialog box This allows precise scale input The coordinates refer to the drawing area This can be defined in the Page size and margins menu item by means of the plot margins see Section 9 10 7 9 10 3 Zoom menu item You can linearly enlarge or reduce the image coordinates This menu item is useful for specifying a centre points array which lies outside of the current screen section 9 10 4 Manual resize mouse menu item You can use the coordinates of a section of the visualisation as the new image coordinates by marking the desired area with the mouse pressing the left mouse button and holding the Ctrl and Shift keys The scales of the x and y axes are adjusted accordingly If the previous propor tions scale x direction scale y direction need to be retained the Proportional section check box must be activated Alternatively you can simply Redefine origin of the visualisation The previous scal
183. page number The output range is defined us ing From page no to page no e Output to group box Start output by clicking on Printer or File The file name can then be selected from or entered into the box If you select the Window button the results are sent to a separate window Further text editing options are available in this window as well as loading sav ing and printing GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 70 of 172 June 2015 9 1 11 Exit menu item After a confirmation prompt you can quit the program 9 1 12 1 2 3 4 menu items The 1 2 3 4 menu items show the last four files worked on By selecting one of these menu items the listed file will be loaded If you have saved files in any other folder than the program folder you can save yourself the occasionally onerous rummaging through various sub folders 92 Editor 1 menu 9 2 1 Analysis options menu item In the upper group box you select the standard to which the slope stability analysis is to be per formed Analysis options xj mStandar f EC C DIN 4084 2009 DIN 4084 1996 DIN 4084 1981 M Calculation of Slope failure Bearing capacity M Method Bishop circles slices C Krey circles slices C Janbu polvaons slices C General wedge method Vertical slice methoc fe Pore water pressure line Pore water pressure mesh Geosynthetics IV Geosynthetics via company products Info J
184. peci fied A maximum of 500 slices per slip body will be considered The default value of 0 2 nor mally provides sufficiently precise results If you deactivate the Shear strength on interm slip lines switch the shear strengths on the intermediate slip lines will not be taken into considera tion GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 132 of 172 June 2015 9 8 3 Show individual slip bodies menu item After computation of the safety utilisation factors they can be graphically displayed for individual slip bodies Show which slip body x Forw Back gt slip body is calculated Critical slip body 1 ai at a a ef You can search for and display the Critical slip body using the button provided 9 8 4 All menu item After computation of the safety utilisation factors they can be graphically displayed together with the all slip bodies You may also apply limitations by entering a boundary value The slip body lines may also be displayed in colour 9 8 5 Display results menu item You will see a dialog box By clicking on the button for the required slip body you open a further dialog box containing all the principal analysis results for the selected slip body The designations correspond to those used in the equation in DIN 4084 Show which slip body xj Cancel Forw Back gt slip body is calculated Critical slip body 1 2l 3 dl n EI In this slip body result box you c
185. pens after click ing this menu item x Forw Back Cancel Swap soils 3 soilfs to edit gamma 2 qs k max psifA VDC drained No gamma ask TE psif4 VDC n AICA a E C E B BES T Ri kN zr kN zre kN zr 7 1 209 o0 ra so ro r aar foo foo room fora 3 ism so es so mo r po foo aar foo fo H m m m Determine CJ 4 Define the soil layer improved by vibrodisplacement compaction by activating the VDC check box Enter the corresponding parameters for this layer see Info button The ratio of the areas A C A can be determined and adopted in the table by pressing the far right button The ratio E C E B should not be greater than 15 to a maximum of 20 9 2 2 3 Soil layers button The positions of the soils layers are now entered The layering of the slope is described by the soil layers A soil layer always consists of two x y coordinate pairs The area above these two coordinate pairs is assigned the properties of the soil which is also to be entered as a number in accordance with the numbering in the Soil properties dialog box The soil layers are upwardly valid as far as surface level or to the lower edge of a higher soil layer Soil layer input must be in such a manner that in all possible vertical sections the soil layer which is above has the lower layer number do not confuse the layer number with the soil number This condition is checked by the program If
186. phi No of points log spiral je J Delete current slip bodies Cancel You must first define two friction angles and then a number of subdivisions The Determine dphi buttons allows determination of the increase in friction angle resulting from the three val ues C x delta phi 1 500 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 125 of 172 June 2015 The No of points log spiral specifies the number of points with which the logarithmic spiral is generated After confirming with OK the polygonal slip surfaces are generated in accordance with your preferences You can then analyse these polygonal slip surfaces 9 6 10 Animation menu item General wedge method and Vertical slice method only If you investigate with the above named procedures you can have the failure mechanism for a selected slip body displayed as a cartoon xi Max displacement m 2 000 No of subdivisions 20 Delta time 1 10 sec 1 V Slip bodies coloured Ed Edit colour I Show undisplaced slip body MV Label slip bodies The animation can be stopped by hitting any key Cancel First select the Max displacement With No of subdivisions you can specify the resolution with which the film is to be shown All further preferences are self explanatory After pressing OK the cartoon will run 9 6 11 Move slip body menu item General wedge method and Vertical slice method only As impressive as the animation of the slip b
187. phi c gamma qs k max psi 7 kN rr kN nr kN Are 7 1 30 00 0 00 20 00 50 00 85 00 sit v 2 35 00 0 00 19 00 50 00 85 00 Sand Iv Designation drained When complete leave this box and the box above using the Done button GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 20 of 172 June 2015 6 9 Step 8 Define reinforced earth wall preferences Ex 1 Select the Nail wall Preferences menu item and activate the Calculate wall check box In the Wall consists of group box select Geosynthetics as the nailing element Wall preferences all calculation IV Calculate wall Wall consists of Geosynthetics Face definition No of faces 1 Face 1 2 7 Face 4 7 The faces are sections of the defined terrain polygon course They are continuously numbered from left to right By assigning the face number you define which section of the terrain polygon course is the reinforced slope face also see Figure 36 in Section 9 1 1 2 Assign the number 2 for Face 1 because this is the reinforced face in the worked example Confirm the remaining de faults with OK se 500 Figure 7 Reinforced face worked example 1 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 21 of 172 June 2015 6 10 Step 9 Generate geosynthetics Ex 1 Go to the Nail wall Generate menu item You will see the following dialog box If geosynthet ics have already been generated activate the Delete
188. press left mouse button e End key press right mouse button If you cannot precisely determine which soil properties are valid at the mouse pointer press Shift and the F4 function key The information will be presented in a dialog box If you need to determine the inclination of slip body lines press Shift and the F5 function key A further simplification of precise slip body point input can be had by activating the zoom function Graphics preferences Zoom info menu item Define slip bodies via editor Ex 2 Beside slip body input using the mouse you can also define a slip body be entering values into a table Go to Edit in the Slip body menu First click the New button in the combo box that opens and enter the required number of poly gon points You can then enter the slip body coordinates directly into the dialog box GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 41 of 172 June 2015 7 8 Step 8 Analyse slope with polygonal slip surfaces Ex 2 After defining the slip bodies the system can be analysed see also Section 9 8 2 Select the menu item Analyse slip bodies from the Utilisation factors menu Start calculation after Janbu x Slip body movement to left C right V Test passive earth pressure wedge No of slices 50 Which slip body Cancel Forw Back E AE i Adjust the number of slices to suit your wishes If the Test passive earth pressure wedge check box is activated the program will
189. py and then to paste them into the dialog box shown above by pressing Import clipboard GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 74 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 2 Soil properties button Using this button the system soil properties can be specified The following dialog box opens Soil properties x Forw Back Cancel Swap soils 1 soilfs to edit gamma ask max peil drained No phi c gamma ask max peil 1 kN re KN rr kN rr 7 1 32 50 0 00 20 00 50 00 85 00 Sand Iv Designation drained For each soil information on friction angle cohesion unit weight and pore water pressure coeffi cient are needed In saturated zones you enter unit weight of saturated soil In unsaturated zones you enter unit weight of wet soil Under no circumstances may for the unit weight the buoyant unit weight be entered as the program considers vertical water pressures via pore water pressures and thus achieves the most exact approach The pore water pressure coefficient has been taken into the data input because the DIN 4084 pro vides for this possibility of considering consolidation processes This method is now regarded as obsolete as it is known to give erroneous results especially for flat slopes A very much more exact consideration of consolidation processes is possible via the so called 0 analysis For the shear parameters the soil properties in the initial condition UU test and c are us
190. r nail walls e Solid slab The concrete shell is continuously reinforced and acts horizontally and vertically as a con tinuously solid slab Bending moments arise between the soil nails in vertical and horizon tal directions and are accepted by the reinforcement e Horizontally continuous face plate for single nail The concrete shell is manufactured horizontally continuous only In the centre line between two vertical nails a gap is created in which no bending moments can be transmitted e Isolated face plate for single nail The concrete shell is only reinforced in a rectangular area around the nail In the centre line between two vertical or two horizontal nails a gap is created in which no bending moments can be transmitted A face plate is created for each nail which acts as an individual struc tural unit GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 58 of 172 June 2015 Which of the three listed structural systems is exported to the GGU SLAB program can be speci fied in the upper group box of the following dialog box Export to GGU SLAB x What type of face plate C Solid slab Horizontally continuous face plate for single nail C Isolated face plate for single nail FE mesh for GGU SLAB Max node spacing horizontal m 0 125 Max node spacing vertical m 0 125 m Distributed load for GGU SLAB 0 85 calculated earth pressure w o c E E k g 298 86 kN m E k g 4 25 kN m Wall length 10 15 m
191. raphically displayed If the most unfavourable slip circle centre point is at the edge of all defined centre points and you would like to determine the position more precisely go back to the Centre points menu and supplement the centre point array as desired GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 38 of 172 June 2015 7 6 Step 6 Evaluate and visualise the results Ex 2 When everything is according to your wishes you have a variety of evaluation possibilities e If you have defined and calculated more than three slip circle centre points you can create contour graphics using the menu item Utilisation factors Contours or Utilisation fac tors Coloured e Besides the most unfavourable slip circles you can also have further slip circles displayed menu item Utilisation factors Specific e You can have all slip circles displayed menu item Utilisation factors All e You can have the pore water pressure course on the slip surface displayed menu item Utilisation factors Preferences e You can have numerical values from calculations displayed for every slip circle using the menu item Utilisation factors Display Details e You can have a complete calculation protocol sent to the printer menu item File Print output table The output can also be sent to a file in order to be imported into e g a word processor e The graphics can be supplemented with Mini CAD and explanations added e You can save your work to a file
192. reviously saved slip bodies loaded In this way you can analyse a number of variants GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 135 of 172 June 2015 9 8 12 9 8 13 9 8 14 Preferences menu item You can specify the method of display of certain stresses etc on the slip surfaces You will see differing dialog boxes depending on the method Janbu You can select a representation including the pore water pressure the shear stress or the normal stress etc on the slip surfaces General wedge method and vertical slice method Among other things you can specify which forces of the force polygon are displayed in the graph ics Using Forces factor you enter the scale factor for force representation A value of 0 02 means for example that a force of 120 kN m is represented with a length of 120 0 02 2 4 m The forces can be equipped with arrow points which can be colour filled Colour button and may also be framed in the standard colour The force arrows can be labelled e g with the letter C only for cohesion force Additionally the force value can be shown Experiment with the preferences to discover your own ideal layout Furthermore the pressure line can be displayed when working with the vertical slice method Force polygon menu item General wedge method and Vertical slice method only After calculating a slip body you have the failure body force polygon displayed Displacement diagram menu item General we
193. rfaces after Bishop You then see ten menus in the menu bar p File Editor 1 Editor 2 Pwp mesh Centre points Slip body Safety factors Utilisation factors Graphics preferences Page size margins Nail wall After clicking one of these menus the so called menu items roll down allowing you access to all program functions The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the GGU STABILITY screen is not refreshed after every alteration If you would like to refresh the screen contents press either F2 or Esc The Esc key addi tionally sets the screen presentation back to your current zoom which has the default value 1 0 corresponding to an A3 format sheet GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 12 of 172 June 2015 6 Worked example 1 Data input with mouse 6 1 System description Ex 1 The following simple slope shall be calculated using Janbu s method 15 Ok Ck Yk Soil ry kN m kNim3 Designation 30 00 0 00 20 00 Silt 10 m 35 00 0 00 19 00 Sand ps 5 00 5 ok 5 10 15 L L L i L 10 0 10 20
194. ross Nor are they allowed to intersect the surface Both of these conditions are checked by the program immediately after layer input Erroneous input is corrected or rejected and an error message displayed For this example select two layers with the coordinates e Layer 1 with soil number 1 x y left 0 0 0 0 x y right 30 0 0 0 e Layer2 with soil number 2 x y left 15 0 12 0 x y right 30 0 12 0 Figure 5 Soil layers visualisation worked example 1 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 18 of 172 June 2015 6 7 Step 6 Enter water levels and loads Ex 1 For calculation of the horizontal and the vertical water pressure above slope areas the program also requires the water levels at the front left and front right of the slope When the program starts the default values are 0 0 m see first dialog box in Section 6 8 Water levels can be defined using the left or right mouse button after pointing to Editor 2 Water levels menu item The example contains a slope without dammed water so these values need not be altered The permanent load of 5 kN m for the example system is defined with the mouse in analogy to the previous input using the menu item Editor 2 Loads point loads First select the type of load from the dialog box Click the Permanent loads button for the example used here You will then see information on implementation click the upper left and right slope points Enter 5 kN m as the l
195. roundwater program you can read in these data as an ASCII file x y and h Reading in a pore water pressure mesh is especially comfortable if you own the groundwater modeller GGU SS FLOW2D Post processing is then no longer required Example 2 from the Supplement to DIN 4084 see file DIN4084 Bishop pwp 02 e BOE con tains e g the following potential line mesh which was calculated with GGU SS FLOW2D Figure 25 Potential lines GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 107 of 172 June 2015 If the system does not include complicated flow conditions and defining the pore water pressure via a pore water pressure line is sufficient you can forego study of the following sections on pwp mesh 9 4 2 ASCII file menu item You can read in the coordinates x y and the corresponding potentials h from an ASCII file created with a different program e g GGU SS FLOW2D Alternatively you can save an exist ing pw mesh as an ASCII file by pressing the Save button in the dialog box After selecting the Read button and then a file the following dialog box appears Import ASCII p x File D GGU STABILITY txt Line 2 of 275 lines P1 9 99989999999525E 0000 2 99997000001022E 0001 3 00345039204694E 0000 E G Column delimiter Data Space Column x Column y Column z r iL ab 2 v 3 v 4 v Semicolon Import first valid line C Comma Number of valid lines Result 2 999899999995 2389870000010 3
196. rs can be freely specified by the user In particular the soil layers can be colour filled The colours can also be specified in accordance with DIN 4022 conventions e Zoom function e Mini CAD system additional labelling lines rectangles circles graphics etc e DXF import via Mini CAD GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 10 of 172 June 2015 e The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents on the whole that which you will see on your printer It also means that you can have the current screen contents sent to the printer at any stage during processing 3 Licence protection and installation In order to guarantee a high degree of quality a hardware based copy protection system is used for the GGU STABILITY program The GGU software protected by the CodeMeter copy protection system is only available in conjunction with the CodeMeter stick copy protection component hardware for connection to the PC CM stick Because of the way the system is configured the protected software can only be operated with the corresponding CM stick This creates a fixed link between the software licence and the CM stick copy protection hardware the licence as such is thus represented by the CM stick The correct Runtime Kit for the CodeMeter stick must be installed on your PC Upon start up and during running the GGU STABILITY program checks that a CM stick is connected If it
197. s are self explanatory and without meaning for the calculation results Try out the possibilities which the dialog box presents GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 145 of 172 June 2015 9 11 4 Verifications Safety menu item With this menu item you can influence entries in the legend and in the print output table Verifications Safety factor preferences rd M rd M If e g you do not wish to calculate bearing capacity with the simplified procedure but would rather do an exact calculation using polygonal or circular slip surfaces you may stop output of bearing capacity with the simplified procedure completely By pressing the Default values button the partial factors given in DIN 1054 2010 and EC 7 for the various load cases can be adopted see menu item Editor 1 Partial factors Section 9 2 5 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 146 of 172 June 2015 9 11 5 Nail wall legend menu item When analysing a nail wall a legend is displayed in the diagram if the Show legend check box is activated Nail wall legend x MV Show legend Heading Nail wall x value mm 60 00 y value mm 140 00 Font size mm 2 0 Max no of lines 50 Canes You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y You control the size of the legend using Font size and Max no of lines If necessary presentation will be in several columns The fastest way to modify the po
198. s more than 32 value pairs you can move through the table with the Forw and Back buttons It is even easier to import surface points via the Windows clipboard For example if the x y coor dinates of the surface points are available in an Excel table it is possible to copy the two columns containing the data into the clipboard Edit Copy and then to paste them into the dialog box shown above by pressing Import clipboard GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 29 of 172 June 2015 7 2 3 Soil properties Ex 2 Next the system soil properties must be specified Press the Soil properties button in the central dialog box The following dialog box opens Soil properties x Forw Back Cancel Swap soils 1 soifs to edit gamma ask max peil drained sk Mo phi c gamma max psilA 7 kN n kN n kN nr 7 Designation drained 1 32 50 0 00 20 00 50 00 85 00 Sand v For each soil information on friction angle cohesion unit weight and pore water pressure coeffi cient are needed In saturated zones you enter unit weight of saturated soil In unsaturated zones you enter unit weight of wet soil Under no circumstances may for the unit weight the buoyant unit weight be entered as the program considers vertical water pressures via pore water pressures and thus achieves the most exact approach The example system has 3 differing soils First select the Soil properties button T
199. sed in the DIN 4084 Slip circle no 29 x mu 0 0150 M Gi MIS 4 MIT MIRJ xm 32 9200 ym 80 2284 Radius 15 2855 Numerator 39 7809 Denominator 2651 9519 MIT 2651 9519 MIR 0 0000 MIGi 39 5191 MIS 0 2619 from horizontal water pressure 0 2619 Display Print Details If you select the Details button you will see a precise output table of the selected slip circle with all analysis results see Section 9 1 10 3 File Print output table button Output as ASCII GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 127 of 172 June 2015 9 7 4 Preferences menu item In a dialog box you can specify whether besides the most unfavourable and a specific slip circle the other slip circles and safety utilisation factors are to be displayed and whether Pore water pressure the Shear stress or the Normal stress on the slip surface is to be displayed preferences x Presentation of mu MV With all mu Decim pl 2 7 m Show what else Nothing Pore water pressure Shear stress Normal stress C Shear stress normal stress Excess pore water pressure consolidation Scale factor 0 10000 Label slices Cancel With the Scale factor you specify the graphical presentation length for the shear stress etc A value of 0 02 means e g that a shear stress of 120 kN m will be presented with a length of 120 0 02 2 4m 9 7 5 Show most unfavourable slip circle menu
200. sition of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 147 of 172 June 2015 9 11 6 Nail force legend menu item If you activate the Show legend check box in the dialog box a table of forces for the selected nailing elements will be displayed in the diagram Legend geosynthetics x MV Show legend Heading Geosynthetics F orces in k N n n Show inclination IV Show geosynthetics utilisation factor pG T Show A1 A2 A3 x value 25658 y value 13058 Table width mm 140 0 Line height mm 80 ie Background colour cea The position and dimensions of the legend can be defined here The font size is adjusted to suit the defined table width The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed 9 11 7 Enter nails manually menu item This menu item is absolutely identical to the Soil nails Anchors Geosynthetics and Ten sion members buttons that appear in the Editor 1 Enter system parameters menu item dialog box It is integrated here for users comfort only You can find a description for the input of soil nails in Section 9 2 2 11 You can find a description for the input of anchors in Section 9 2 2 7 You can find a description
201. specific tensile strength is rea ched the fibres tear the load bearing effect of the fibre matrix fails The shear strength components of the underlying and the fibre matrix are determined in order to determine the shear strength of the anisotropic waste mass The two components are then super imposed in the analysis The so called fibre cohesion t z is calculated from the tensile forces in the fibres One peculiarity of waste dissimilar to soil containing fibres and films is that the mate rial is pressed flat by the compactor and horizontally stratified when installed in thin layers This produces the anisotropic strength behaviour Activation of the fibre cohesion t z depends on the angle 9 between the fibre layer and the shear joint Stability analyses can be performed using the material parameters differentiated for the underlying matrix and the fibre matrix GM Cam Zmax By using this separate approach it is possible on the one hand to take the anisotropy of the fibre matrix into consideration numerically and on the other to employ surcharge independent material parameters despite the non linear failure condition The basis for slope failure analysis is the method of slices DIN 4084 2002 11 The equation for ana lysis of the slice base shear resistance is extended by a term for the fibre cohesion as a function of the angle 9 The slice base shear resistance T is given by _ G tan gem com b t G tang sin 1 5 9 AU sin Q ta
202. specified Surface points x Back Cancel Done Import clipboard 0 surface point s to edit Sort No x m y m To edit the number of surface points select 0 surface point s to edit Then enter e g 4 as new number and confirm with OK You can now enter 4 coordinate pairs x y Surface points x Forw Back Cancel Import clipboard 4 surface point s to edit Sort No x m y m 1 15 0000 f 0 0000 2 0 0000 f ooo 3 1 0000 f 60000 4 30 0000 f 6 0000 ail Note on surface points After leaving the dialog box via the Done button the coordinate pairs will be sorted ac cording to increasing x values This allows simple deleting and inserting of surface points You can delete a point by entering a large x value and then reducing the number of points by 1 Inserting a point is achieved by increasing the number of points by 1 and then entering the coordinate pair at the end of the table You can edit superfluous surface points even simpler using the mouse see Section 6 5 In the dialog box 32 value pairs maximum are displayed at once If the system has more than 32 value pairs you can move through the table with the Forw and Back buttons It is even easier to import surface points via the Windows clipboard For example if the x y coor dinates of the surface points are available in an Excel table it is possible to copy the two columns containing the data into the clipboard Edit Co
203. t via mouse or by hand you can have the program check your input using this menu item For almost all erroneous input the program offers correction possibilities which you may also reject You should nevertheless critically check your system after making corrections This check will ALWAYS be carried out even if you don t select this menu item when you start calculations If the program recognises erroneous input calculation of safety fac tors will be refused 9 2 9 Mirror system menu item You can have the data mirrored around the vertical axis GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 96 of 172 June 2015 9 2 10 Common systems menu item Often only a simple system needs to be investigated A variety of systems can be generated in a matter of seconds using this menu item If the Common systems dialog box is selected directly after the program starts the dialog box shown below opens If this menu item is opened you im mediately see only the lower Which system area The standard and procedure to be used have already been selected using the Editor 1 Analysis options menu item Common systems 2 C eo oi 9 s C C C dd Vv RE ce EE EE EE EE EE After input of the reguired data the system is displayed on the screen You now need only define the soil properties the centre point array and search grid or polygonal slip body You may of course also use this generated systems as the basis for furth
204. tangular search box Quadrilateral search bos Variation of rectangular or quadrilateral grids ad 2 lines Zrectangular search boxes C 2 quadrilateral search boxes Cancel In the General group box you can alter presentation preferences In the other two input group boxes you can vary the search grid by means of slip circle radii or rectangular and quadrilateral search boxes Activate the Use button in the required variation group box In addition to the following discussion further examples for defining the search grid can be found in the Centre points Define search grid menu item in Section 9 5 7 For Variation of slip circle radii the search grid is characterised by two points A and B which must be clicked by the mouse There are four different types of definition GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 35 of 172 June 2015 e Start and end radius All radii pass through point A and point B Subdivisions between these two are in accordance with the user defined number of radii No of inte mediate radii in accordance with number given in dialogue box Centre point Point B Figure 11 Search grid slip circle radii via start and end radius e Horizontal tangents All radii touch a horizontal tangent which is defined by the points A and B Subdivisions between these two are in accordance with the user specified number of radii Centre point No of intermediate radii in accordance with
205. ted loads are edited by double clicking the loads The dialog boxes for these elements which are otherwise accessed via Editor 1 Enter system parameters then open see Sections 9 2 2 5 and 9 2 2 6 If these loads need to be de leted specify the number in the dialog box as 0 Anchors dowels nails geosynthetics TM menu item In complete analogy to surface points you can define the locations of soil dowels geosynthetics or tension members First select the required element from the dialog box After defining two x y coordinates with the mouse you will see a dialog box in which you can enter further parameters for the respective element e Anchors This element should no longer be used It is simpler to work with tension members instead see section 9 2 2 13 e Soil dowels You specify the acceptable earth pressure e d acts perpendicular to dowel axis also see Section 9 2 2 10 at the two points clicked in kN m m The direction of action is clearly indicated in the subsequent graphics Negative values must be entered where required e Soil nails This element should no longer be used It is simpler to work with tension members instead see section 9 2 2 13 e Geosynthetics Enter the force that can be transmitted by the geosynthetics also see Section 9 2 2 12 De pending on the preferences defined in Nail wall Preferences you will see a dialog box containing different input boxes The force RO designa
206. tes an anchorage at the head of the geosynthetics e g in a gabion wall If you have selected Specify LO and determine RO automatically enter the fold over length LO here The program will then automatically calculate the force RO from the fold over length e Tension members Enter the design value of material resistance R d the diameter and the free length of the tension member also see Section 9 2 2 13 Artesian menu item You can define the position of an artesian aquiclude in complete analogy to surface points After entering an x and y coordinate pair via the mouse you must specify the thickness of the aquiclude Thickness of the aquiclude and the artesian water pressure Water level GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 104 of 172 June 2015 9 3 8 Water levels menu item You can specify the water level at the front left of the slope by pressing the left mouse button at the front right by pressing the right mouse button 9 3 9 Consolidation layers menu item Consolidation layer input is carried out in complete analogy to artesian input see Section 9 3 7 After selecting this menu item however you must first enter the number of the consolidation layer to be edited 9 3 10 Structural elements Encased columns menu item First decide whether to define structural elements or encased columns For structural element input first enter the number of the structural element to be edited Then define your points using
207. th a change in friction angle the geometry will be adjusted accordingly During numerical evaluation of such a failure body the slice relationships used in the DIN formula are kept Additionally however it is to be considered that the normal force in the slice foot now creates a moment around the centre point which is not the case for pure slip circles For changes in the friction angle within the slip body a change in the lever arm of the tangential force T around the centre point must also be considered This program concept is much more flexible than the approach using a substitute earth pressure force as complicated slope geometries can be much better assessed Slip bodies with a passive earth pressure wedge are shown with a third radius 8 06 third radius ad Passive earth pressure wedge Figure 17 Passive earth pressure wedge Remark The demand of the DIN 4084 to incline passive slip body areas with a maximum of 45 2 is strictly only correct for level surface Several slip bodies For heavily structured slope geometries several intersections of a slip circle with the surface can occur In such cases the program will calculate all possible slip bodies see Investigate all circle intersections recommended check box in the Safety Utilisation factors Analyse menu item Section 7 5 GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 54 of 172 June 2015 8 8 8 8 1 8 8 2 Nail wall or reinforced earth
208. to DIN 4084 old so that the program can calculate the correct design value for each soil GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 48 of 172 June 2015 8 3 General information on General wedge method and Vertical slice method Calculations according to General wedge method or the Vertical slice method are explained in the DIN 4084 1996 With these procedures force polygons are constructed The force polygon is only closed in special cases n 1 0 or 1 f 1 0 Otherwise an additional force dT is required to close the polygon If this force dT acts excitingly the safety is larger than 1 0 If the force dT acts resist ingly the safety is less than 1 0 For calculations with partial factors it is sufficient for verification that the safety factor is gt 1 0 or the utilisation factor lt 1 0 However one is generally also interested in the safe distance to the failure condition In order to calculate this safe distance and or to carry out a quantitative com parison of various failure bodies the force dT could in principle be brought in The size of this force is however mainly dependent upon the size of the investigated slip body A comparison of two very differently sized slip bodies using the force dT can easily lead to a false impression The program therefore not only calculates the force dT but reduces or increases the friction angle and cohesion as long as is necessary to close the force polygon The safety factor 1 or the utilisation
209. type of presentation of the contours Contours mue x Contour data Minimum value 6 60000E 1 Maximum value 1 03767E 0 Separation 2 00000E 2 Smoothing Method Method2 J Intensity Song ss Further preferences Cancel Old values At the top the minimum rounded down and maximum safety utilisation factors are shown Below this is a contour separation calculated by the program All three values can be edited to suit your wishes Further down still you can select from three smoothing out procedures whereby method 2 generates the roundest contour lines but on the other hand cannot exactly model the safety utilisation factor course for abrupt safety utilisation factor jumps With the Further pref erences button you can set further preferences for the type of presentation If you have previ ously selected this menu item you can restore the old values with the button Old values If you leave the box via OK the contours will be displayed GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 130 of 172 June 2015 9 7 9 Coloured menu item In analogy to the previous menu item colour filled contour lines can also be created The follow ing dialog box appears mue in colour x With the Determine extreme values button the minimum and maximum safety utilisation factors are calculated and entered into the corresponding input boxes However you need not keep these values but may enter your ow
210. up a dialog box in which output of coordinate values in the graphics can be specified With the Anchors dowels nails geosynthetics TM button you can call up a dialog box in which you can influence the presentation of these slope elements presentation width height labelling GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 98 of 172 June 2015 9 2 12 General legend menu item A legend with general information about the system is shown if the button Show legend is activated In particular important information on the input values for consolidation layers is given General legend x MV Show legend Project identification Example 1 Heading Initial analysis data x value mm 60 00 y value mm 250 00 Font size mm 2 0 Max no of lines 50 Show program name and version MV Standard JV Partial factors Number of slip circles File name No file name 7 Without date and time OK Cancel Any description previously entered using the menu item Editor 1 Project identification is used in the above dialog box In addition to the project identification it is also possible to enter a heading for the general legend here Activate the corresponding check boxes to also display the adopted standards and the partial factors The number of slip circles can be entered for the slip circle method You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x value and y value You contro
211. ur preferences for example You can read a further description by pressing the Info button e Hatching Opens a dialog box in which you can define different hatching for each soil e Legend hatching factor Input here allows tighter hatching in the soil legend Input lt 1 00 can be useful if the hatch ing spacing is so large that the differences in the hatching of individual soils can no longer be properly discerned in the relatively small boxes used in the legend e Explanation of vibrodisplacement compaction The explanation of vibrodisplacement compaction can be displayed in legend by activating this check box 9 2 14 Reference staff menu item Representation of a reference staff including horizontal auxiliary lines provides improved clarity with regard to terrain heights x MV Show reference staff x m 20 Widhimp f ao Top m 10 00 Bottom m 10 00 delta m 20 Font size mm 30 Text mAD No dec places 2 n m Horizontal reference lines MV Display Colour Pen width mm 0 2 Eou Distance from left border m 2 00 Distance from right border m 200 Cancel The position of the reference staff is entered as the distance from the left page margin in x m The height range in y direction is given as Top m and Bottom m All values are in metres in the scale selected see menu items in the Page size margins menu GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 101 of 172 June 20
212. wp point s to edit button and enter the values in the following dialog box Pore water pressure points x Forw Back Cancel L Dore Import clipboard 2 pwp points to edit Sort No x m y m NE 00000 2 aoo ooo For deleting and pasting of pore water pressure points see the note in Surface points Sec tion 9 2 2 1 The pore water pressure points can also be imported via the Windows clipboard For example if the x y coordinates of the pore water pressure points are available in an Excel table it is possible to copy the two columns containing the data into the Windows clipboard Edit Copy and then to paste them into the dialog box shown above by pressing Import clipboard GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 77 of 172 June 2015 9 2 2 5 Permanent loads live loads button If you have a system e g with a permanent load first select the Permanent loads Live loads button To edit the number of permanent loads select the x load s to edit button Then enter 1 as the new number and confirm with OK For the load definition the size of the load as a line load and the two x coordinates of the load must be entered The value y designates the height of the point where the load acts For the ex ample the following values are to be entered hos EE T Adopt very conservative live loads Info Forw Back Cancel Sort 1 load s to edit No plleft plriaht slleft slright y As live
213. y open a dialog box which offers information amongst other things on the inclination of the nearest slip line If the shape of the slip body is according to your wishes you must press the Return key to accept You can then if so wished define further slip bodies You can also carry out this action after slip bodies have been calculated If you have mistakenly carried out a wrong mouse click which has ruined your slip body simply press the Backspace key and you will return to the old condition If you have selected Vertical slice method as calculation procedure input is completely analo gous You may even switch to the Vertical slice method after having specified polygonal slip bodies after Janbu in the menu item Editor 1 Analysis options and carry out the calculations immediately after If you have selected General wedge method as calculation procedure input is completely analogous except that then vertical intermediate slip surfaces will be assumed Therefore a dialog box appears at the upper left of the program window Intermediate slip lines Activate the Principal slip body switch if you would like to define the main slip surfaces of the failure body You then proceed in complete analogy to the above described actions For each new main slip body point the program automatically assign a vertical intermediate slip surface Then activate the Intermediate slip lines switch in order to define the position of t
214. yer number allocation criteria 31 76 Layout edit for output sheet eee 142 Layout edit for output table eee 68 Layout output sheet sesse ee ee ee eee 102 Legend move with MOUSC cece eeeeeeeeee 102 Licence protection iese see see se se ee ee 11 Limit radii visualisation in search grid 37 Live loads consider in analySis cceceeee 78 Live loads define distributed loads as 89 Live loads define via editor sesse Live loads define with mouse Load cases adopt in accordance with DIN 1054 2005 EC 7 sesse se ee se ee ee se ee 94 Lock off force of anchors enter factor 94 Logarithmic spiral define eee eeeeeeeee 125 M Manual open as PDF file oo see see se Max psi A enter for passive anchors Maximum nail forces analysis principles Maximum nail forces start analysis Metafile CXPOrt esse noria AR Ge ee RR Ge Mini CAD file export Mini CAD USE ees ee ee ee ee Moment around centre point s Moment for bearing capacity cece Moment for eccentricity ees ese ee ee ee eee Mouse click functions see se see se ee Mouse pointer handle via cursor keys keyboard EE Ee Ee EG ee Mouse wheel functions N Nail forces display in table eee 148 Nail forces MaXiMUM ees see see ee ee ee ee ee 56 Nail wall activate analysis esse se see see se ee 143 Nail wall display dimensions in
215. zontal m 0 125 Max node spacing vertical m 0 125 m Distributed load for GGU SLAB 0 85 calculated earth pressure w o c E E k g 88 30 kN m E k g 0 00 kN m Wall length 6 08 m gt Face plate load kN Ar eg 14 516 eq o Labelling preferences J7 With labelling Colour Cancel For more information on the upper dialogue group box What type of face plate please refer to Theoretical principles Section 8 8 8 If you have not selected a Solid slab the following dialog box opens after confirming with OK Indiv plate thickness for export x Max indiv plate thickness m 2 0000 Cancel The program calculates the maximum value from the existing vertical nail centres and proposes this as the value for the equivalent plate for the GGU SLAB analysis This value can be edited by the user The two values in the middle group box of the Export to GGU SLAB dialog box define the fineness of the finite element array exported to GGU SLAB However refinement of the finite element array can also be very easily performed in the GGU SLAB program GGU STABILITY User Manual Page 156 of 172 June 2015 For more information on the constant distributed load on the slab please refer to Section 8 8 8 The structural system exported to GGU SLAB utilises the symmetry of soil nailing The three possible structural systems for export to the GGU SLAB program are shown

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