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Dragon World - Edition 2, Feb 1984 - TRS

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1. NEW RELEASES FOR THE DRAGON 32 64 FROM SALAMANDER SOFTWARE TURTLE GRAPHICS This program has been designed to provide a method of drawing pictures with your computer which is both fun and educational and yet uino enough to be en by the young or inexperienced computer user and enthusiast alike Pictures are drawn by telling the turtle to move forward and turn so that it traces a picture on your TV screen or 4 colour printer plotter Powerful repeat and word library facilities allow you to build up new commands as you progress and you can save your word library on cassette tape or floppy disc The end result of using a system such as this is an increased knowledge of geometry and a basic understanding of simple programming making the program an ideal educational tool for all ages Snappy 32 page manual included M e Runs from cassette or disc using either Dragon Data DOS or Premier Microsystems DOS Simple command structure Repeat command sequences can be nested to 32 levels e Word definition can be nested to 30 levels Powerful word library handling Save and load library using cassette or disc Dynamic editing of command strings and word library Scaling and stretching commands Will draw pictures on 4 colour 21 23 printer plotter TRS 80 GCR115 MCP 40 or compatible plotter Price 9 95 Please add 50p P amp P to all
2. DRAGON 32 DRAGON CHESS 9 95 Six levels of play Slides can be exchanged at any All legal chess moves including stage en passant castelling and pawn Best move hint to queen promotion Set up from any position List of previous moves stored Opening move library end gd Moves may be taken back and play resumed from any point Loading and saving of games Change level of play at any point positions from tape 7 in the game High resolution graphics which Will adjudicate games between can be flipped round to make humans black hite play f ith and MEE TUNES Very high standard of play Simultaneous text and graphics Professional packaging and life time guarantee Dragonchess is without doubt the best value chess on the market today Microdeal thought this was an excellent version Dragonchess is available from of the game Well worth buying and all good software stores Home Computer Weekly BACKGAMMON OTHELLO INVADER CUBE DOMINOES 5 95 5 95 5 95 5 95 The well known game of At last Othello or Reversiasit s well as being one of the best Two games in one with full backgammon complete with full sometimes known running on games of skill written for the instructions Hours of frustrating instructions and computer your Dragon 32 2 levels of play Dragon 32 it also has some fun this program has 6 levels of demonstration
3. 1 GOSUB 25 RETURN 250 FOR 1 1 TO 10 PRINT 110 1 32 X I NEXTI RETURN 260 X 1 X 1 X 2 GOSUB 370 GOSUB 25 RETURN 270 X 1 X 2 X 1 GOSUB 370 GOSUB 25 RETURN 280 X 1 X 1 X 2 GOSUB37 GOSUB 250 290 PRINT 269 display X 1 GOSUB36 RETURN 300 PRINT 1 C error FOR 1 1 90Q NEXT CC DD C D GOSUB23 RETURN 310 X 1 FIX X 2 X 1 GOSUB25 RETURN 320 W X 1 X 1 FIX X 2 X 1 X 2 X 2 W X 1 GOSUB25 RETURN 330 FOR 1 9 TO 1 STEP 1 X I 1 X 0 NEXTI GOSUB25 RETURN 340 W X 2 X 2 X 1 X 1 W GOSUB25 RETURN 350 W X 3 X 3 X 2 X 2 X 1 X 1 W GOSUB25 RETURN 360 FOR 1 1 TO 9 X I 2 1 1 NEXTI GOSUB25 RETURN 370 FOR 1 2 TO 9 X I 2 X I 1 NEXTI GOSUB25 RETURN ALLDREAM As menti ned in STOP PRESS 5 the cassette based assembler program DREAM is complemented with DREAMBUG a program designed to provide the user with the tools to dis assemble machine code and de bug programs Together they form ALLDREAM but if bought separately DREAMBUG comes complete with a program to combine both together ready for you to record a copy of the whole package Together they form a comprehensive toolkit for the machine code user In particular the printer options in DREAMBUG make it extremely easy to obtain listings of assembler mnemonics from machine code programs in RAM or ROM ALLDREAM when loaded resides in RAM from hex 6080 to the end 7FFF which conflicts wi
4. NEXTK J 350 CLOSE 1 GOTO9 400 IFN NZ THEN170QELSEN 1 CLS PRINT RECORD NUMBER N J Q 410 PRINTF J 420 INPUTXS IFX THEN44Q 430 A J N 1 X J J 1 IFJ lt F 410 15 400 440 N N 1 GOTO9 500 J O GOSUB1600 510 GOSUB63 IFJ N 90 520 GOSUB15 PRINT THIS RECORD GOSUB1100 20 530 IFX 5 Y THEN58O 540 N N 1 J J 1 550 IFJ N 90 560 FORK QOTOF 1 AS K J AS K J 1 570 NEXTK J J 1 GOTO55 580 IFJ N THENS ELSE51 600 J O GOSUB1600 FL OQ 610 GOSUB63 IFJ N 90 620 GOSUB150Q GOSUB110O IFJ N 610 15 90 630 IFT AS FS 1 J THENRETURN 640 J J 1 IFJ lt N 630 650 IFFL OTHENPRINT NOT FOUND GOSUB1100 660 RETURN 700 PRINT KILL GOSUB11 0 IFX 5 Y THEN9QELSERUN 800 GOSUB140Q OPEN O 1 N 810 PRINT 1 F AV N 820 FORJ TOF 1 PRINT 1 F J 830 FORK OTON 1 PRINT 1 A J K NEXTK J 840 CLOSE 1 GOTO9 1200 CLS FORJ 1TON L PRINTTAB 5 MID S L J 1 TAB 1 BS L J NEXT 1010 GOSUB119 X INSTR 1 S L X IFX THEN1 1 ELSERETURN 1100 X INKEYS IFX THEN11O0OQELSERETURN 1200 INPUT NAME OF DATABASE N IFLEN N C 9THENRETURN 1210 PRINT TOO LONG GOTO1200 1300 NZ INT B F AV 1 1310 27 2 THENNZ INT C F 2 1320 DIMF F 1 A F 1 NZ RETURN 1400 PRINT PRESS SPACE WHEN READY 1410 GOSUB11QQ IFX 5 THEN 1410ELSERETURN 1500 FL 1 CLS FORK TOF 1 PRINTFS K AS K J 1510
5. PRINT P 32 Make sure you have a blank space inside the quotes Now RUN Success at last What about the engine Well I m sure you can design one for yourself but here are the lines for mine 80 E CHR 136 STRINGS 5 128 CHR 123 N 90 BE There introduced a new command STRINGS 5 125 This made a STRING of five black rectangles the first number is the length of the STRING and the second number is the character code That second number could be a one character variable or the character itself enclosed in quotes Now you ve seen how to make a STRING move you can put several carriages and the engine into one STRING and make them all move decided to make my train go right across the screen and then come back on again as though it was going round and round on a track So first made a string of four carriages and an engine Then added a lot of blanks CHR 143 to the beginning In fact there are 57 blanks so the whole STRING is 96 characters long Then did the same for the base with 57 s for the track That was the reason for the s between the wheels of the carriage It S not a perfect track Zs or Is might be better 100 TT C C C C E STRING 57 128 10 TB B B B B BE STRING 57 61 don t want to print all that at once Each string is 96 characters long and want only 32 at a time can cut these out using 108 This is a very useful command which lets
6. Brighton BN1 3AA Telephone Brighton 0273 771942 Look out for these other new releases from Salamander Software DRAGON wings of War 7 95 WW Il Adventure The Cricklewood Incident 7 95 Weird amp Wonderful Adventure BBC Eagle 7 95 Original Arcade Action Turbo 9 95 BASIC Compiler Welcome Dragon users to our magazine especially if you are one of the thousands of new users since our last publication in December 1984 will be an interesting year and starts with the news of a major order we have just secured to supply a customer in Spain With this in mind it would seem a particularly good time to extend a warm welcome to all our new overseas readers and to say how much we look forward to hearing from you and to receiving any contributions you may have for Dragon World This month we are also featuring AMPALSOFT an educational software company responsible for several interesting titles which we highly recommend to Dragon users do hope you are enjoying our new magazine and if you have any ideas for improvement please let us know May wish you every success in 1984 and many happy hours with your Dragon computer SUBSCRIPTION OFFER SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR DRAGON WORLD CAN BE OBTAINED DIRECT FROM DRAGON DATA FOR 4 THIS WILL ENTITLE YOU TO 6 BI MONTHLY ISSUES MAILED DIRECTLY TO YOU AND THE FORM FOR THIS CAN BE FOUND IN A SEPARATE INSERT TO THIS MAGAZINE IF YOU KNOW OF ANYBODY WHO MIGHT
7. up a level After crossing the screen safely at every level you will eventually arrive at the top when you will be presented with a new faster moving screen Your reactions will have to get quicker and quicker for you to reach the top of the shaft Marks out of 10 User User A B Graphics 4 4 Skill Required 8 9 Ease of Use 7 7 Documentation 6 8 Value for Money 7 8 Overall Mark Out of 50 32 36 Comments An enjoyable game with a lot of lasting appeal Good value for money 28 Title VIKING Price 7 95 In Viking you are given the chance to work your way up the ranks to become King or Queen But first you must make decisions regarding what is to be bought and sold what taxes to impose for the coming year what food your people will need all your decisions can have far reaching effects For example taxation will affect profits food will affect the population disaster such as a terrible plague raid or a revolution may befall your kingdom but you have the power to divert them or prevent them altogether If you prove your worthiness and ability you will rise to be the Viking Monarch Marks out of 10 User User User A B e Graphics 3 4 4 Skill Required 8 8 8 Ease of Use 9 9 8 Documentation 8 9 9 Value for Money 8 8 9 Overall Mark Out of 50 36 38 38 Comments A very interesting and enjoyable game A lot of skill required continued from page 9 Basic Tutorial and its advanced complement Advanced T
8. with Y co ordinate J increasing to 189 in steps of 7 and X co ordinate 1 0 to 255 the column being scanned by variable going from to L where L is normally 6 except for the last line The summation of the N value corresponding to each column configuration is done in the K loop using P P PPOINT I J K P K Note that we have taken the trouble to place the powers of 2 in an array this is not just for neat programming but an important necessity where considerations of speed are relevant see the article on DATA statements in the first issue of DRAGON WORLD The subroutine is as follows 1 128 1 1 TO 7 READ P I NEXTI 2 DATA 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 10 PMODE4 1 SCREEN1 1 PCLS1 COLOR 1 20 LINE O 2 255 191 PSET B PRINT 2 CHR 8 L 6 FOR J TO 189 STEP 7 200 IF J 189 THEN L 2 300 FOR TO 255 P TE FOR K TOL 400 P P PPOINT I J K P K NEXTK 500 PRINT 2 CHR P NEXTI PRINT 2 NEXTJ 6000 PRINT 2 CHR 15 Since CP uses an 8 bit graphics code a different program can be written for CP using the graphics bytes as stored inside Dragon providing we agree to represent the screen on paper sidewards To be precise the first row of the printed picture will correspond to the left most vertical strip of the screen If we again use PMODE4 but this time printing BUFF on BLACK then each byte of the graphics memory corresponds exactly to the information required by CP The program uses Dragon s
9. 100cps 136 column friction tractor feed true descenders sub superscripts italics 2k buffer Price slashed to only 250 00 SHINWA CTI CP80 80 column friction tractor feed true descenders sub superscripts italics etc etc Now available for only 230 00 JUKI 6100 daisywheel printer 18cps up to 220 characters line bold shadow underscore and many more features Superb value at 399 99 Printer cable to connect any of above printers to your Dragon 32 15 00 Use Telewriter and other Dragon software with serial printers RS232 printer interface plugs into Centronics port on Dragon 42 50 Dragon Data Double density single disk drive amp controller 260 00 Lockable disk storage box with perspex lid Holds up to 40 disks 17 50 SPECIAL OFFER UNTIL 29th Feb Box 10 Single sided double density disks 17 99 Fidelity CM14 Colour Monitor with Composite video RGB and audio inputs 228 00 Cable CM14 to Dragon 9 00 PROGRAMMERS If you have any serious application software for the Dragon 32 or 64 please send us a sample Good rates for quality software GAMES We can supply a comprehensive list of games including The King Frogger The Cuthbert Range Shuttle Crazy Painter Danger Ranger Glaxxons Skramble Dragon Hawk Pinball Eight Ball Space Fighter Space Raiders Air Traffic Control Devil Assault and Intergalactic Force from Microdeal all at 7 95 plus games from Dragon Data Cable Software Peaksoft Sa
10. Answer It is possible to mix text and graphics in an alpha semi graphics mode PMODE 24 which gives a resolution of 192 x 64 Details can be obtained on request please send sae Alternatively you could type POKE amp HFFCO O POKE amp HFFC3 POKE amp HFFC5 This will enable you to put text characters on the graphics screen starting at 4 400 by poking the respective character codes at the desired locations Question recently purchased an Epson RS 80 printer to work in conjunction with my Dragon 32 Whilst the printer works perfectly using the commands 11 LLIST 2 am puzzled to find that there is no information in the printer manual on graphic screen dumps Could you possibly give me any assistance in this matter Answer We have available free of charge screen dumps for the Epson MX 100 and also for the two popular SEIKOSHA printers the GP 100 and GP 250 one of which is included in this issue The MX 100 dump should be easily adaptable for most Epson machines These routines are available on request please send sae Question am a radio amateur and am writing to ask if you market or are aware of a program which would allow my Dragon 32 to send and receive RTTY signals hopefully on cartridge Answer We are aware of a high quality RTTY program on cartridge and cassette priced at 12 00 cassette or 21 00 cartridge Th
11. BE INTERESTED WHO CURRENTLY DOESN T RECEIVE THE MAGAZINE PLEASE LET THEM KNOW OF THIS FACILITY Tel 0656 744700 CONTENTS Managing Director s Column Editorial User Club News Disk Drive Presentation An Introduction to Ampalsoft Dragon Answers Back Machine Code Corner Young Users Pages 16 Dragon 64 Review 19 This Month EDITORIAL Welcome to the first issue of Dragon World for 1984 We would like to take this opportunity to wish all our readers a happy and prosperous New Year and to welcome all the new users to this their first issue of Dragon World Thank you to all the users who have sent in letters and contributions which were and still are gratefully received In this month s issue you will find a complete software list if you are having difficulty obtaining software from the dealers and wish to buy direct please post to Mail Order P O Box 40 Port Talbot SA13 1ZG West Glamorgan We will accept cheques Access American Express or Diners Card numbers Orders may be taken over the telephone on 0656 744700 ext 235 quoting relevant card number We regret that no Barclaycard numbers can be accepted at present The poster offer is still available and we will continue to include both these offers in future issues of the magazine We should like to thank all the users who entered our Dragon User of 1983 competition There were many entries and it will obviously take time to decide on a wi
12. Boots stores stocking computer software and other national retail chains and specialist software stores are showing a keen interest Yet 15 months ago Cheshire Cat was just the brainwave of three mothers with an active and enquiring collective brood of seven young children Each family all close friends had bought Dragon 32 home computers because they realised the impact new technology would be having on their offspring s education and future employment prospects Naturally anxious to provide an early opportunity for their children to acquire some of the skills this micro chip revolution would require they had sought the machine with the best keyboard for young fingers to operate At the same time they also wanted to combine that with the largest memory best colour graphics and sound facilities available At the price the Dragon 32 topped the poll But very soon the trio of housewives Patricia Lansdowne Ann Mortimer and Lynn Nixon continued on page 28 discovered there was a severe limit to the number of worthwhile educational programs readily available Software shelves groaned under an avalanche of arcade type games but genuine educational programs were rare So Lynn a skilled programmer together with her two chums had the bright idea of roping in a teacher friend to devise a bright colourful and animated maths program suitable for their own four to six year olds Maths 1 was so good neighbours and f
13. Elite Calc is a great spreadsheet program Stuart Hawkinson Rainbow Truly one of the best programs have seen John Steiner Micro Very powerful program essential to every serious user Mike Jarvis M amp J Software ENQUIRIES INVITED FROM RETAILERS AND DISTRIBUTORS HOME AND OVERSEAS DRAGON 32 64 TANDY COLOR COMPUTER The family favourites for your Dragon 32 T 2 dim e d dne ex Len ts has Quiz Pack Infant Pack unior Pack Enim 2 A li e NS qum od NEW RELEASES MYSTERY OF THE JAVA STAR Four part over 100K educational adventure for the older child 3 levels of difficulty Packed with challenges puzzles and information 1 95 SHAPER Comprehensive sound effect utility Create store and modify machine code sound effects for use in your own programs Comes with a store of 100 effects and a comprehensive manual 9 95 NORTH SEA OIL Simulation game Run your own oil rig and see how fast you can make 100 million dollars 5 75 SCIEN N EMPI RR HOOKED Y Toa 4 52 PETTIGREWS DIARY Epic 90K adventure for the whole family Packed with features sss 7 95 EMPIRE Highly praised strategy game 6 95 PUZZLER Jigsaw puzzle game 4 levels 6 95 HOOKED Entertaining fishing game 1 2 players 5 75 FUN TO LEARN Menu based education for 6 12 6 95 MONSTER MATHS Menu based education for iP l vearol
14. IFPEEK 136 256 PEEK 137 1472THEN 1530 1520 GOSUB11 CLS 1530 NEXTK J J 1 RETURN 1620 INPUT FIELD NUMBER FS 1610 INPUT TARGET T RETURN 1700 PRINT DATABASE FULL GOSUB1100 GOTO90 As it stands this program will work with a DRAGON32 or a DRAGONGA in 32K mode Line 10 PCLEARS to 1 graphics page the minimum allowed without POKEing to PCLEAR and then distributes the remaining memory between string and non string categories in an attempt to make best use of it Lines 20 60 set up strings for the menus Lines 70 80 and 90 100 display the menus and use subroutine 1000 to interpret the user s response line 1010 uses INSTR on the appropriate S to decipher continued page 23 DO YOU TAKE YOUR DRAGON SERIOUSLY MAKE YOUR DRAGON EARN ITS KEEP WITH ONE OF OUR APPLICATION PROGRAMS JUNIPER BASIC WORD PROCESSOR A menu driven WP with cursor driven full screen editor Edit functions include auto insert delete character line tabulation auto repeat upper lower case etc Print functions include justify no word break up to 255 printed characters per line multiple copies Suits most printers PRICE SLASHED TO 9 99 DATEX DX3 COMPUTER CASSETTE RECORDER 29 95 TELEWRITER ADVANCED WORD PROCESSOR A more advanced word processor with additional features such as hi res display with true lower case block move find and replace etc Microdeal 49 95 G6
15. SUPER SMOOTH SUPER FAST Machine FREE PARKING is piayed with the whole board permanently displayed on the hi res screen so you can always see your opponents NI E 50 249 250 ONLY ACTIVE SOFTWARE bring you a unique version of the ail t me classic board game which upholds every tradition of the onginal BUT WITH ONE BIG DIFFERENCE YOUR DRAGON PLAYS AS WELL And it plays a MEAN MEAN game using cunning pre programmed logic it will match the toughest of opponents SAVE GAME TO TAPE OUTPUT TO PRINTER GAMES TAPE 1 WITHOUT QUESTION THE BEST SELLING COMPENDIUM AVAILABLE 1000 s OF SATISFIED CUSTOMERS BEST BUY T Dest Duy us Ow Me O Geren soe OF Acme Sc AM um Uma some estie wo Om hem oseng Diegon Cavey ne ore games sewers of her Goud ae hosli ee 8 s Ov sempres YOUR COMPUTER AP TER FOR ALL DRAGON 12 OWNERS an HEE TO BUY HE Hey MCE APMED LAMES Tare 1 ELI TLE LENGTH PROGRAMS ON ONE CASSETTE DI IM OF PROGRAMMING SPECTACULAR COLOUR 5 ANO SOUNDEFECTS Interplanetary Wumpus Mansion Trader incredsbie fun Ount iE maseve JOK of reat teme edventure ees 29K Hi lo Atom Hunt Brthant sound hi nes 95 per cent full colour graphics Uses over 20K Uses Over 20K Execution Wipeout Hours of tun guaranteed A 4 colour greonics messe JOK Be werned Ihe not
16. This means in particular that the DRAGONDOS Disk Operating System cannot by used in 64K mode DRAGONDOS can however be used to BOOT a more powerful Operating System OS9 Its ability to support OS9 takes DRAGONGOA out of the realm of mere home computers into the world of serious business computers OS9 is a UNIX type Operating System which is both versatile and easy to learn and use With it you can load a variety of languages BASIC 9 a very much more powerful BASIC with a large number of extra commands PASCAL and C are already available A 51 column by 24 row text screen is provided for your own programming or for use with the professional packages such as STYLOGRAPH an advanced but simple to use Wordprocessor RMS a complete Record Management System and DYNACALC a computerised spreadsheet OS9 and the packages it supports will be reviewed more fully in future editions of DRAGON WORLD What has the DRAGONGA to offer the home user without disk drive and sophisticated operating system If your main interest is in playing COSMIC INVADERS or BERSERK then the answer is not much But if you want to make a little more practical use of your computer then the extra 16K available under BASIC control can be very handy A typical area in which 32K seems to get eaten up all too quickly is the Database Retrieval System A Database is the computerised equivalent of a manual card index Each Database contains a 3
17. are fully supported The Technique used is based on the approach used U C S D Pascal where the Basic program is first reduced to intermediate code and this is then executed using a run time package which is saved with the rest of the compiled program Programs will run 5 10 times faster Almost the entire Basic is supported with the exception of floating point commands 4 Code produced will run independently of the compiler for potential authors Programs are compiled from tape under remote control so that much larger programs can be compiled Sprintis designed for ease of use and a comprehensive manual is included Freedemonstration program with each program bought to illustrate the full power of the Compiler All Oasis products are covered by a lifetime Guarantee 4 JUST RELEASED DRAGON PASCAL 14 95 Dragon Pascal is an extended integer subset of the structured programmed language Pascal A few of it s many features include A complete set of structured programming constructs IF THEN ELSE WHILE DO CASE OF COMPILER EDITOR and SOURCE simultaneously resident for a rapid development cycle and total ease of use Very rapid compilation Source can actually be compiled more rapidly than it can be listed Fully recursive Supplied complete with sample programs including routines which demonstrate techniques for simulating floating point functions such as SINE and COSINE
18. don t actually print anything some give instructions for printing like go to the next line or go back a space The characters which have codes above 127 are black shapes on a coloured ground If you add 16 to a code you get the same shape with a different background l m going to use these characters to make a train First the carriage CHR 129 is shaped like this CHR 131 like this BB We will write them as CHR 129 and CHR 131 N then we can change the value of N until we have a colour we like We can put the characters together to form a STRING and give the STRING a name A string is just some characters tied together and a name allows us to refer to them without writing the whole string A string variable must have a name which ends with have called this C C for carriage Try this tiny program 16 110 GO TO 110 N 32 GOTO10 Line 110 goes round in circles and the next line gives N a value and starts the program off See the colour change Use BREAK to stop the program Three C s in a row look like three windows but we need a CHR 130 N to finish it off and something for a coupling chose an equals sign but you may prefer an aitch Now type these lines 60 C C C C CHR 130 N N 112 GO TO 10 there a carriage top with orange windows As you can see if the character is a keyboard symbol like equals we can add it to the string in quotes In fact CHR 61 and are
19. easy Air Assault Uses sound and movement of heecooter Snail Pace axcitermmen a amos undeeraebie A maserve 26K AMAZING VALUE ONLY 6 90 SS ae AE E 9 POST COUPON NOW ACTIVE SOFTWARE 117 ICKNIELD STREET BIRMINGHAM B18 6RZ PLEASE RUSH ME A COPY OF GAMES 1 Rs22 cover TFs 8 3 enclose a cheque for NAME ADDRESS eee eee oe i Missing Page FEED YOUR DRAG on SOFTWARE FOR MICROCOMPUTERS 29 un 5 3 A ALL DREAM ASTROBLAST aye K BLOC HEAD REAKOUT BRIDGE MASTER EDITOR ASSEMBLER 120107 M MIDDLE KINGDOM H41000 1200 1430891 VDRAGO COSMIC CLUNES i E BUG i DRAGON FORTH DREAM DREAMBUG RIINAN 7 KDITOR ASSEMBLER DISASSEMBLER 1316 MAAS i Doreen e n Fl DIABLFRO FLIGHT CHOST ATTACH M33 231117 Janus 9 pane x 30886 K30114 ON Dragon Data Ad Kenfig Industrial Estate Margam Port Talbot West Glamorgan SAT32PE
20. font selectable cell by cell Display Print formats set by cell row or column format comma grouping prefix or postfix signs Scientific notation fixed point and integer formats Left or Right cell contents justification Full page formatting All formats stored with worksheet on disc tape Save load disc tape files in compact memory form Scan disc directories Output ASCII file for word processor input compatability Memory resident code no repeated disc calls 1 OAKWOOD ROAD RODE HEATH STOKE ON TRENT S 09363 5695 NOW The worksheet calculator program you ve been waiting for is waiting to work for you ELITE CALC is a powerful full featured spreadsheet for the Dragon 32 64 and Tandy Color Computer Answer what if questions prepare reports and cash flow projections maintain records and perform other tasks which until now required sophisticated business computers CALC is a serious tool for those who want to do more than play games on their micro Availible from stock on cartridge for the Dragon 32 or 64 or Tandy Color Computer please specify Shortly available on disc for the Dragon Data or Cumana Premier or Radio Shack systems Also available in the format instead of the format if requested Elite Calc has had excellent reviews in the American press and enthusiastic reception at the recent International Rainbowfest
21. game And there s more AND EVEN MORE PLAYER STATUS PERMANENTLY DISPLAYED DETAILED REPORTS AT THE PUSH OF A BUTTON WE DARE YOU TO CHALLENGE YOUR DRAGON A MASTERPIECE at 6 90 inc DUPLICATION SERVICE eile on The onto ussette trom your Master to the behest le standard Using roal hme aod n speed dupbcating equipment specifically for The ultimate on fidelity and we consider curelves The very best my COM DUTO programmes oof spoken work of yout standards are ih and PONS Example C5 both sides recorded 75 each VAT BLANK CASSETTES Example C5 s 30p VAT Postage Library cases 6p each VAT Generous discounts available on duplication and blank Cassettes Price List available on request BLANK CASSETTES 8 10 24 25 49 CASSETTE LENGHTS IN MINUTES EXTRAS LIBRARY CA3L5 AVAILABLE SOON Por all of our customers who thought that GAMES 1 TAPE couldn t be equalled WE HAVE DONE IT GAMES 2 S MPLY AMAZING WITHOUT QUESTION THE BEST SELLING COMPENDIUM AVAILABLE 1000 s OF SATISFIED CUSTOMERS PROFESSIONALLY BUILT RS 232 INTERFACES SUPER QUALITY COVERS An investment at only 3 50 MOT CHEAP stretchbie loose Dui s agh quality tough durebie meter n matching Oregon Colours Looks very amen GO ON TREAT YOUR DRAGON You can wave goodby to your Dragon s green on black text FREE PARKING uses 100
22. may be referenced by number or part description and analysis code gives additional flexibility 1 000 stock items per disk TICK THE APPROPRIATE BOX PRICES INCLUDE VAT AND POSTAGE TAPES 19 95 inc each CD DISKS 24 95 inc each C Business Accounts Mailer C MST CALC 2 Wwoices Statements Home Accounts Stock Control Database Cheques etc shouid be made payable to MST CONSULTANTS Cost effective for home computers MST Consultants Newton Road Bovey Tracey Devon 1013 988 Telephone 0626 7 EDITEXT is a powerful and versatile word processor providing most of the facilities found in professional word processors but at a fraction of the cost Its extensive facilities include DISK or CASSETTE operation NORMAL or JUSTIFIED printing AUTOMATIC WORDWRAP FULL EDITING FACILITIES incl ADD DELETE CHANGE etc FIND and REPLACE words and phrases A powerful word processing program MOVE LINES and PARAGRAPHS to anywhere in the text UPPER amp LOWER CASE PRINTING to any required typewidth PRINT FORMATTING incl multiple top copies CHANGE TYPEFACE Epsom FX80 printer or similar EDITEXT quickly enables the two finger typist to produce error free well presented documents including multiple top copies at the touch of a button Rubbing or painting out of typing error soon becomes no more than a painful memory If you have spelt a word incorrectly you can simply use the FIND and REPLACE comma
23. personally In future extreme care will be taken so that a similar misunderstanding does not occur Can also include here a plea if you sell your Dragon move address or have any other altered information from your registration card please let me know so that can adjust the mailing list accordingly The response to my request for information on clubs not already included on my list has been Slow but with Christmas and the New Year am not too surprised If you have written to me and are not included please take into consideration the fact that this column is written over a month before you receive Dragon World The new clubs have heard from are SOUTH WALES Anyone interested in forming a Dragon users club in the Llanelli area please contact Mr W R Collins on Llanelli 05542 56917 home ENGLAND Cornwall Mr R M Starkie 48 Old Roselyon Road Middleway Par Cornwall PL24 2LN Tel Par 4922 Mr Starkie is interested in hearing from anyone in the area as he is proposing starting a Dragon Users Club Cheshire Ellesmere Port Computer Club Chairman Mr G Corcoran Tel 051 327 3912 Meets alternate Mondays 7 00pm at Church Hall adjacent to Ellesmere Port Golf Club gt Lancs OCUS Oldham Computers Users Society Meets at Coldburst Community Centre Rochdale Road Oldham every Tuesday 7 30 9 30pm West Midlands Pete Luca
24. round in circles until you press the BREAK key MOVING STRINGS Welcome to all our new readers Dragons will have appeared in many homes over Christmas and many of you will be programming for the first time On these pages we offer you short programs which help you explore the possibilities of your Dragon We usually concentrate on one or two commands and this week for the new readers we look at the PRINT command but then we will use it to make pictures that move All the commands used are explained in detail in the programming book which came with your Dragon Before you make something move you must be able to show it on the screen l ve chosen to use the PRINT screen What can you print on this screen Well if you look at pages 136 138 in the programming book you will see a list of characters and their code numbers There are letters numbers punctuation marks and some special shapes which can be printed in different colours If you haven t experimented with these yet just type then press ENTER A letter A should appear below the command line If you want to print it in a different place you use the PRINT command Type PRINT 2272 CHR 65 When you enter this the A will appear in the middle of the screen at position 272 There are 512 positions numbered from 0 to 511 You can refer to page 140 of the programming book to find the positions on the grid there The characters are numbered from to 255 Some of the codes
25. this massive multi adventure was described by one games tester who has completed Colossal Cave as the toughest nut he Your quest will take you to adventures throughout time and space via the settings of your tme capsule The answer to a Stone Age problem may lay light years in the future at the nm of the Free entry to the Klartz competition with Dragon Data Disc Drive for the first person to map used to explain advanced programming techniques in assembly language including parameter passing using the stack recursive subroutines position independent code and combining assembly language with BASIC The seventh chapter is the first to explore the Dragon s potential in depth and describes the machines graphic capabilities and how they can be manipulated by the assembly language programmer Among the topics discussed are graphics display hardware integrating BASIC and assembly code graphics display modes graphics utilities and designing and implementing graphics programs This chapter concludes with a listing of a complete animated graphics program Chapter Eight is devoted to a description of I O programming techniques and includes full details of the Dragon 1 hardware and how it may be used The ninth chapter concludes the book with hints and tips which include details of the power up and reset actions how BASIC programs are stored how BASIC represents strings and numbers how parameters can be passed from BASIC
26. to machine code programs and vice versa how to extend the Dragon BASIC with new reserved words and facilities and finishes with a complete list of BASIC s system variables The final 100 pages of the book consist of the appendices which contain the data sheets of the 4 major chips in the Dragon details specific to the Dragon 64 and Disk Operating System and miscellaneous information such as BASIC token values and 1 jump tables DRAGON OWNERS CLUB The Dragon Dungeon Club is a club run newsletter Dragon s Teeth which in cludes Book reviews Dragon literature and news of forthcoming publications Hardware reviews printers disc drives plug ins and add ons Software reviews of games utilities busi ness and educational programs Letters cries for help moans and gripes has gone before 7 years adult 595 Outalthe Time Zones astounding discoveries Oscar the Owl s Maths Test Maths la arcade T Digits Tips and advice including prize Tip of 5 10 years 4 95 ragon vig the Month Oscar s Spelling Test Spelling for by W J Hurfurt 6 95 Machine Code Corner readers who can handle capital letters A bniliant collection of fun games from the A review of the US 6809 scene Animated Takes the early reader Pc keyboard of a Senior Maths Master Competition Special 1096 lower case to capitals and thence to the keyboard Formuline What s Ne
27. will push the number in this case 3 on to the stack then calculate its fourth power 81 and print the result DRAGON FORTH allows you to access BASIC via commands of the form B BASIC statements One line BASIC programs can be included but commands which need line numbers such as GO TO cannot Thus the command B PRINT THIS IS A STATEMENT will print THIS IS A STATEMENT and the command PMODE3 SCREEN1 O PCLS CIRCLE 80 89 70 4 80 80 2 4 will enter graphics mode 3 display the screen draw a red circle and paint it yellow It will also leave you in graphics mode making it difficult to see what is happening on the text screen A simple statement like B PRINT can be keyed in and will return you to text mode but it must be done blind It is useful to note that the form of PRINT also works DRAGON FORTH also includes a comprehensive line editor which allows you to write FORTH programs as pages of text These pages can be saved on tape by accessing BASIC and using CSAVEM so that they can be reloaded later They can also be compiled into the FORTH dictionary using the FORTH command LOAD to be executed later To the programmer who has never used anything but BASIC FORTH is something of a challenge It doesn t use any of the safety checks that 5 BASIC Interpreter performs and this can make debugging difficult But if you are keen to speed up your graphics an
28. you chop bits out of a STRING It goes MID string start length For instance MIDS ABCDEFG 2 3 cuts out the string BCD If you don t give the length all of the string to the right of the starting point is chopped out always print the last 32 characters but make a new string by chopping the last character off and putting it at the front It s as though the string were printed on a strip of paper which is being pulled across the screen but the end has been glued to the beginning This is a useful technique for those games to teach frogs the Green Cross Code Why did the chicken cross the road Because it was playing leap frog 160 PRINT 2320 MID TT 65 PRINT 2352 MID TB 65 180 TT MID TT 96 MIDS TTS 1 95 190 TB MID TB 96 MIDS TB 1 95 200 GO TO 160 The train will go round and round To make it more interesting l ve put in a signal which is controlled by the space bar If the signal is red when the train approaches it stops The variable F flips between 1 and 1 whenever the space bar is pressed Variables like this are often referred to by programmers as flags how appropriate here Whether you travelled with me through this page or have taken a short cut to the end here is the complete listing of the train with the signal Q REM TRAIN DEC 83 10 CLEAR1000 C 112 CLS6 F 1 20 F CHR 1344 16 FOR 1 249 345 STEP32 PRINT I F NEXT 40 S CHR 188 G CHR 131 50 C
29. 00 onwards see elsewhere in this issue for relevant details and the listings were produced using DREAM and DREAMBUG If you wish to implement this program from BASIC then you must construct a BASIC program similar to the one below which gives the equivalent version for the Seikosha To do this change line 19 to FOR I2 amp H7DOO to amp H7D8F and then supply DATA statements using the listing of bytes from the assembly listing i e bytes 86 1B BD 8O OF 39 Once run you may record such programs using CSAVEM or the equivalent DOS command Finally note that to use the programs you must first make a CLEAR command such as CLEAR2900 amp H7DO4O and then invoke the program with EXEC amp H7DO 5 REM MACHINE CODE SCREEN DUMP FOR SEIKOSHA GP1 A 10 FOR I amp H7DOO TO amp H7D89 20 READ X POKE I VAL amp H X NEXTI 30 DATA 9E BA 1F 10 FD 7E 24 1F 1 10 40 DATA 8 7 0 1 10 3 0 1 7 50 DATA 20 86 80 6 80 1 13 7 7 22 60 DATA 7C 7E 22 11 93 B7 24 13 A5 C4 70 DATA 26 3 7 22 78 7 22 33 8 80 DATA 20 11 B3 7E 20 25 E8 E7 AQ 10 90 DATA 8 80 0 27 81 1 27 3 44 100 DATA 20 30 1 20 1 10 8 7 0 110 DATA 0 81 80 26 8 10 8 80 0 120 DATA 25 4 20 16 10 8 7 0 86 8 130 DATA 80 6 80 10 8 140 80 0 25 5 20 0 86 0 80 80 150 DATA 7 24 3 0 10 93 87 160 DATA 25 80 86 80 80 39 Features include
30. 6 number of RECORDS cards and every record has entries in each of a number of FIELDS For example an address telephone list will contain a record for each person The first field could be the surname the second field the forenames the third field the address the fourth field the postcode and the fifth field the telephone number A record may be retrieved by specifying any of the fields normally we would probably specify the surname to obtain the address and telephone number but we could specify the telephone number to discover whose number it 15 The following BASIC program is a simple Database for the sake of brevity it contains only a small number of options but it can be extended into a more advanced system 1 REM DATABASE 2 REM A D MAYER 1984 10 PCLEAR1 CLEAR19000 B 18500 C 1600 20 DIMB 1 5 30 DATACREATE DATABASE LOAD DATABASE ADD RECORDS DELETE RECORD FIND RECORD KILL DATABASE SAVE DATABASE 40 S Q CL S 1 ADFKS N 2 N 1 5 50 FORL T01 FORJ 1TON L 60 READB L J NEXTJ L 70 1 0 005081000 80 200 300 90 L 1 GOSUB19 100 GOTO400 500 600 700 800 200 GOSUB12 INPUT NUMBER OF FIELDS F 210 INPUT AVERAGE FIELD LENGTH AV 220 GOSUB13090 N Q 230 FORJ 1TOF 240 PRINT NAME OF FIELD J INPUTF J 1 NEXT 250 400 300 5081200 310 GOSUB140Q OPEN I 4 1 N 320 INPUT 1 F AV N GOSUB130 330 FORJ TOF 1 INPUT 1 F J 340 FORK TON 1 INPUT 1 A J K
31. 6 04 St George amp Dragon 6 04 Warlord 6 04 Keys of Roth 6 04 Roman Empire 6 04 Crystal Chahce 6 91 Johnny Reb 6 04 Temple of Zoren 6 91 Bonka 6 91 Gere Cave 47 vrai 6 04 BY PAUL BARNED Midas Maze 5 17 Chess 6 04 Logot LEE A FOR ONLY The Orb 4 34 Go for Broke 6 09 10 00 Startrek 4 34 Ninja Warnor 778 76 Overseas Maze 4 34 778 o 9 e DEALER ENQUIRIES WELCOME Hungry Horace 517 7 78 WRITTEN ENTIRELY a eina eig e 5 3 OIN MACHINE CODE Deaths Head Hole 4 74 Convoy Attack 8 69 IT LOADS IN JUST SAS S 604 Rom Cube 8 69 32 SECONDS Gott 6 91 Cyclops 8 69 TO GIVE ALL Startrek PSS 6 91 Transylvaman Tower 5 65 ame ae THE ABOVE Flight Samulator 6 91 Monsters 6 94 Mined Out 5 17 Ugh 6 04 Stock Market 5 17 Ultrapede 6 04 Interplan Trader 5 17 Dragon Trek 8 65 Alien Odyssey 1 amp 2 8 65 Wizard War 6 91 Scannar 13 7 34 Salamander 6 91 Submarine Commander 6 04 Grand Prix 6 91 Up Periscope A MY Definable scrolling window Choice of four colour formats Text scrolls independently of 761 Frankdins Tomb 6 91 graphics Auto repeat keyboard Text or graphics can be independently cleared 255 Dragrunner 761 Everest 6 91 characters including 32 control codes and graphics all available direct from the keyboard at 7 61 Gridrunner 691 and in quotes in print statements Programmed cursor control eg PRINT Cave Fighter 761 City Defence 5 00 1 1 Characters can be easi
32. CHR 129 C CHR 131 C 60 C C C C CHR 130 C 70 B 2 80 E CHR 136 STRINGS 5 128 CHR 132 C 90 BE a a 2 2 a a o 120 TT C C C C E STRING 57 143 110 TB B B B B BE 4 STRING 57 61 120 K INKEYS IF K CHR 32 THENF F 1 130 FL S IF 1 THEN FL G 140 PRINT 2217 FL IF F 1 160 150 IF T 45 THEN 129 ELSE 160 160 PRINT 320 MID TT 65 PRINT 2352 MID TB 65 170 T T 1 1F T 96 THEN 180 TT MID TT 96 MID TT 1 95 190 TB MIDS TB 96 MID TB 1 95 200 GO TO 120 HAPPY BIRTHDAY OFFER Many thanks to all you Dragon owners who have bought the Happy Birthday Dragon offer over the last few weeks It has come to our attention however that one or two of you have encountered problems with this cassette one being with the game Hoppy In order to restart the game after the third frog has been run over it is necessary to press the spacebar on the keyboard The other problem that has come to our attention is that if you try to load Santa Laverna or Meson Raid without first clearing the memory of Hoppy this can cause a number of errors to appear while attempting to run the programs Therefore if you want to run either Santa Laverna or Meson Raid then switch off your Dragon to clear the memory type in CLOAD Laverna or CLOAD Meson This will allow the programs to load without
33. H PLO SAF TELEPHONE 0752 41287 LEARNING MATHS with the Dragon A collection of programes for use by children of nine upwards Written by a teacher and approved and used in schools throughout the country Each package contains 3 to 5 programes using animations and simple games help learn the principles of maths in an interesting and entertaining way All members of the family will enjoy using these programs A series of six titles is available JM1 Angles JM2 Directed numbers JM3 Fractions JM4 Co ordinates and lines JM5 Symmetry JM6 Motion geometry Each package is superb value at just 7 00 inc VAT and P amp P Available by mail order or from selected computer stores and educational suppliers Please send for full details the educational specialists DRAGON DISKETTE AND CASSETTE BUSINESS SOFTWARE FOR DRAGON 32 64 DISKETTE PROGRAMS FROM 24 95 INC VAT CASSETTE PROGRAMS 19 95 INC VAT MST DATABASE added multiplied subtracted divided formatted etc across rows and down columns Computerised card index filing system Choose your own card headings nine in all Add cards and delete cards Sort them search them amend them print them view them Total fields Flexibility at the touch of a button MST INVOICES amp STATEMENTS DOWN TO EARTH DISK SOFTWARE FOR SMALL BUSINESSES READY NOW USE STANDARD DRAGONS WITH CUMANA OR DRAGON DRIVES NO MODS NEEDED purchase re order costs and much more Records
34. Ice Kingdom Villains and hazards galore nii voti a i TEL 0283 44904 Other departments and overseas 7 Hawthorn Crescent Burton on Trent POOL A E IA E ET E DE15 9QP 10 Question wish to use the motor control relay in my Dragon 32 by means of the cassette lead to perform switching operations on external devices find that using the MOTOR ON and MOTOR OFF commands in basic give only a tediously slow operation of the relay You give the addresses for these operations as amp H8015 and 8018 and have tried POKES of all numbers from to 255 into these but nothing happens Is it possible to speed up the operation of the relay please preferably to the speed of light or near with some simple POKES Answer To speed up the operation of the cassette motor relay you have to access the locations HEX 95 and 96 which control the delay If you peek amp H95 you will get 149 whereas amp H96 gives 150 If you POKE amp H95 with and amp H96 with 01 it gives the optimum speed available The locations amp H8015 and amp H8018 just control the on off routines and do not need to be altered Question have recently purchased a Dragon 32 and am very pleased with the operation of the BASIC and the quality of the software My major grievance is that you cannot so am lead to believe mix graphics and text on the high res screen
35. OF Cg A T teli TIONI OWN CASH KAHIR cabis sokware TROJAN LIGHT PEN I E DISCOVER THE EXCITING WORLD OF CREATING YOUR OWN GRAPHICS ON SCREEN LI Pesce Vs e ioo ae te v oto vee DRONE CAVE FIGHTER Send Orders to P S L MARKETING FREEPOST TRACE RACE DRAGRUNNER LUTON BEDS LU3 2BR BACCARAT LIVING STONE No stamp required GEOGRAPHY 8 75 each uu DRAGON RACER WASP INVASION DOUBLE M T M e 9 99 NS PRO DATA 15 95 TROJAN LIGHT PEN 11 50 Address enn n ALL PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE PACKING AND VAT 18 With the launch of the Dragon 64 together with the OS9 Operating System we have our passport to the world of truly professional computing The price of the computer itself is less than is normally paid for the software it supports so Dragon Data has slashed the prices of several well known professional packages for use on the new machine In appearance the 64 looks just like the 32 except that it is grey in colour All the familiar input output ports are there with the addition of one marked 5 1 0 this is the RS232 serial interface When you turn on the power you still find little difference between the 64 and the 32 In fact the command MEM gives the usual value of 24871 This is because a great deal of care has been taken to make sure that most software for the Drag
36. URG MORSE TUTOR Designed to teach morse up to the Amateur Radio Morse Exam standard and beyond this program has four skill levels and allows the user to select tone speed spacing letters or numbers or mixed Speed range 8 32 wpm A bargain at 5 95 PERSONAL FINANCE MANAGER A Suite of 3 programs plus comprehensive user manual designed to aid the management of your domestic or small business accounts The PFM is an easy to use menu driven double entry general ledger which includes User defined data lengths for optimum memory use Typically 100 accounts On screen or printed reports Unlimited transaction data Performance against budget ONLY 9 99 TELETUTOR EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE An educational package from Microdeal suitable for ages 5 to adult Includes spelling test word drill maths drill estimating 24 95 JOYSTICKS Floating poten meter pr 15 00 Self Centering switch pr 19 95 NEW QUICKSHOT PISTOL GRIP JOYSTICK NOW AVAILABLE ON DRAGON each 12 95 switch self centering DRAGON DUST COVER WITH LOGO 4 95 LANGUAGES DRAGON FORTH 14 95 OASIS BASIC COMPILER 14 95 OASIS PASCAL COMPILER 14 95 CHESS CYRUS CARTRIDGE 24 95 OASIS CASSETTE 9 95 PRINTERS NEW LOW PRICES STAR STX80 60cps 8 5 wide paper friction feed thermal dot matrix printer Superb value at 149 95 Thermal paper 5 50 per 100 roll DISK DRIVES COLOUR MONITORS STAR DP515
37. XR 9 255 MAXIMUM NO OF ROWS 255 MAXIMUM NO OF COLUMNS VERY EASY TO USE INDIVIDUAL CELL FORMULAE COPY BLOCKS OF CELLS FULL CELL EDIT CAPABILITY COMPATIBLE WITH ALL PRINTERS EASY 132 COLUMN PAGE WIDTH GRAPH FORMAT FOR BAR CHARTS COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL INCLUDED INTERNATIONAL USER GROUP SORT ROUTINE IN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING ORDER Single character commands Help display Enter text or formulae to 255 characters long Repeat text entries Available memory always displayed Rapid entry modes for text and data Selectable automatic cursor movement Insert Delete Move entire rows or columns Replicate one cell to fill a row or column with selectable formula adjustment All machine language for blistering speed gt 24K data storage space available in 32K systems Basic style formulae Arithmetic operators Relational operators gt lt lt gt lt gt Logical operators AND OR NOT Conditional formulae IF THEN ELSE Trig functions SIN COS TAN Log Functions LOG EXP SQR Misc functions INT FX ABS SGN Range functions SUM AVERAGE COUNT MIN MAX LOOKUP Nine digit precision User definable constant table User definable printer set up commands Individual column width settings 1 to 255 Adjustable row height to insert blank lines without wasting memory Hide columns or rows Alternate print
38. acks In fact virtually nothing can be done in FORTH without using stacks When a number is entered it is PUSHED on to the stack When an operator is entered two numbers are PULLED from the stack the operation is carried out and the result is PUSHED on to the stack FORTH consists of a standard vocabulary of words A word is roughly equivalent to a subroutine in BASIC DRAGON FORTH is particularly powerful since it includes a number of extensions to the standard FORTH vocabulary The real strength of DRAGON FORTH however lies in its direct access to most of the DRAGON s BASIC commands including the high resolution graphics commands The basic principle of FORTH programming is the use of the existing vocabulary to define your own new words which in turn may be used to define more words New words are defined using the colon Thus the FORTH statement POWER4 DUP creates a subroutine which takes the number at the top of the stack finds its fourth power and prints out the result The operator DUP duplicates the top number on the stack so that when the operator is applied the result is the square of the original number This process is repeated to create the square of the square or the fourth power then the operator prints out the result The semi colon indicates the end of the definition of the word POWER4 Once POWERA has been defined in this way any subsequent statement of the form 3 POWER4
39. agazine Thank you to all those club members who gave up some of their Saturdays to help us out by demonstrating in larger stores Please make sure that you send your reports in though Cathy Hyde DRAGON CHRISTMAS DRAW P 1st PRIZE Mr M G Myatt Gelli Rhondda Pictured above is Kevin Stephens a marketing executive at Dragon Data presenting the first prize of a double disk drive to the lucky Dragon 32 owner Mr M G Myatt extreme right Also pictured are Mr Myatt s wife Carol and his two children Christopher aged 9 and Teresa aged 11 The Editorial Team at Dragon World would like to congratulate the Myatt family on their success and hope it enabled them to enjoy the festive season even more than they usually do In addition Dragon Data offered 20 runners up prizes of 40 free software to be chosen from our catalogue The 20 lucky Dragon users pulled out of the hat were as follows Mr P Francis Mr J Griffin Pontypool Hull Mr Valentine Mr J Wall Congleton Dyfed Mr S C Lowe Mr A L Hemsley Llanberis Rugby Mr E Parry Mr A P Jennings Ashington Harrow Mr J A Bulwer Mr D M Leary Wakefield Wirral Mr J Bull Mr W Mellins Mansfield Darwen Mr D Foster G F Sprigg Leicester Middlesboro Mr B Wallis Mr J F Greenwood Hull Belmont Mr G Hession Mr P A Dove Leeds Leeds Mr J Tupper Mr Van Loveren Grantha
40. any difficulty 20 117614 uy viet vt NEN TRACE RACE TRANSPORTED TO THE TRACE GRID BY THE M C P DRAGRUNNER AN ALL ACTION ARCADE STYLE GAME WHICH WILL CAVE FIGHTER A 10055 MACHINE CODE ARCADE GAME COMPLETE BACCARAT A CARD GAME NORMALLY PLAYED IN THE ELEGANT DRONE A 3D GRAPHIC SIMULATION GAME WHICH TAKES PLACE INSIDE YOUR COMPUTER WITH FAST SCROLLING HIGH RESOLUTION COLOUR GRAPHICS amp SOUND YOU ARE FORCED TO TAKE PART IN MAN AND MACHINE COMBAT WHERE ONLY THE TEST YOUR REFLEXES TO THE LIMIT ATMOSPHERE OF THE MOST EXCLUSIVE CASINOS IN THE WORLD BRAVE SURVIVE GEOGRAPHY WORLD CAPITALS CURRENCY SEARCH anam REMESENTATION OF THE TOTALLY PROFESSIONAL DATA BASE FAR SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER DATA BASE AVAILABLE LIVING STONE The Brain Game PROBABLY THE MOST COMPLEX STRATEGIC GAME YET WRITTEN FOR THE DRAGON MAJOR CONTINENTS WORLD GEOGRAPHY QUIZ WITH OVER 200 POSSIBLE QUESTIONS AND SPELLING CHECK KEYBOARD CONTROL LIGHT PEN OPTION PROVIDED 3 GREAT NEW RELEASES Available NOW DOUBLE PACK DRAGON RACER WASP INVASION DRAGON RACER IS A GAME WHICH BRINGS THE EXCITEMENT OF FORMULA 0000 ONE RACING INTO YOUR HOME Saef WASP INVASION IS A 100 a MACHINE CODE GAME Leet ape tw DEMANDING QUICK uim ne THOUGHT amp REACTIONS v tem nn ett Wu Te CaO AOD
41. bytes available for data Each record requires 5 bytes of non string memory essentially a pointer to indicate where the record is to be found in RAM and the relevant number of bytes equal to its length in string memory If a reasonably accurate average field length is given the program will calculate the number of records allowed and this number should nearly fill both memory areas The numbers specified assume an average string length of about 12 for maximum efficiency B is the number of bytes of string memory reduced by 500 bytes to allow for any slight underestimate of the average and C is the total number of records fields allowed this is limited by the non string memory available So B 5 C must not exceed the available memory 27500 bytes In this case B 5 C 26500 which allows 500 bytes to spare in both types of memory In 64K mode however the available memory increases to 42000 bytes So we need B C to satisfy 5 41000 to allow the same margin of error B 29000 2400 suitable values so line 10 should be replaced by 10 1 1 29500 8 29000 0 2400 To obtain the optimum values of B and C for a particular average length AV use the formulae C 26590 AV 5 26500 5 C For 64K mode replace 26500 by 41000 23 continued from page 15 7F OO to 7FFF into A and thence to the printer The assembly of this program was achieved using ALLDREAM situated in RAM from 230
42. c example The second chapter explains the architecture of the M6809 microprocessor covering such topics as the register set addressing modes and memory mapped input output Chapter Three contains a detailed description of the M6809 s instruction set The next chapter introduces assembly language explaining the facilities that a typical assembler in this case Dragon Data s own Editor Assembler package provides and how it is used to create machine code programs The fifth chapter then goes on to explain how the various BASIC statements can be coded in assembly language and illustrates how good programming techniques can be used to simplify the writing of assembly language programs This chapter concludes with a complete assembly language source program of a simple monitor The sixth and final chapter devoted to assembly language programming describes the use of subroutines with examples of character string manipulation This chapter is also GAMES PROGRAMS Crystal Chalice Advanced swords and gor 7 95 adventure Temple of Zoren S F espionage adventure 7 95 Treasure Tombe Real time graphics adventure 7 95 eripe Castie Introductory adventure for has ever had to crack Bugged Tactical arcade game with mass muta tion from Screen 21 onwards 5 95 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS Galaxy NEW RELEASES Klartz and the D rk Forces by Mike Meineck 9 95 Months in the writing
43. cular will find that they are able to type normally 19 without such problems as PRINT coming out as Searching tapes for files is made considerably easier in both 32K and 64K modes by the fact that SKIPF CLOAD and CLOADM do not give IO ERRORs when the tape is started in the middle of a file Instead the beginning of the next file is found before any attempt is made to load or skip A minor enhancement is that the reverse slash 1 is available directly from the keyboard using the SHIFT and CLEAR keys together The DRAGON3 2 s non standard form of USR function operation is brought into line with normal Microsoft BASIC With a 32 the USR function will default to USR unless an expanded form such as USR 1 is used when the function is called not at the definition stage This is put right in the 64 so that the usual form of the statement e g X USR1 5 can be used Unfortunately the form USR 1 is now illegal and so is a minor incompatibility between 32 and 64 easily remedied by deleting the unwanted No reverse BOOT is available to return from 64K mode to 32K mode but a cold start can be forced by POKEing a into address 113 and pressing RESET This results in a return to 32K mode but also NEWs any BASIC program in memory However the contents of the lower 32K of RAM are preserved No cartridges can be used in the 64K mode although they will work as usual in the 32K mode
44. e program is written wholly in Machine Code and occupies approximately 4K of memory The audio signals up to over 150 baud are fed directly into the cassette input line Alternatively an external terminal interface can be used for higher speed The program also includes a 4000 character type ahead buffer which allows you to reply while receiving For full details apply to Mr M J Kerry 22 Grosvenor Road Seaford East Sussex Tel 0323 893378 INSTRUCTION COURSES Dragon Data are considering offering the following courses 2 Day DEALER SALES COURSES Cost 260 VAT price includes one night s accommodation and meals Aim To help dealers maximise sales and service 1 Day INTRODUCTION TO THE DRAGON Cost 25 Aim To enable new users to make the best use of their Dragon system and to become more conversant with BASIC Venues to be decided If you are interested in receiving further details please write to Kathy Ashton at Dragon Data Ambersott 5 nf COMPUTERS amp SOFTWARE LLL m ANAME SOFTWARE 42 Radcliffe Drive 32 BIRCHWOOD DRIVE WILMINGTON DARTFORD KENT DA2 7NE Ipswich Suffolk IP2 9QZ Telephone 0473 684425 TRANI Rp peregri Do you ever wish your Dragon could DRAGON SOFTWARE AT have Mixable Text and Graphics Lower Case Redifineable UNBEATABLE PRICES Characters Cursor Control Pimansa 8 69 Samurai Warnor Hand Golf 6 04 Tyrant of Athens
45. equivalent What about the base of the carriage How can we make the wheels Well there are quite a few round things on the keyboard 0 and chose and filled in the gaps with s so that they can t get lost in printing But you ll see later that they have another purpose We can make a string B for the base using the quote marks and we can print it under the carriage that means starting at a position 32 more Add these lines 70 110 PRINT 2132 B 64 60 TO 10 To get the carriage moving we should have an engine but I ll come to that later For now let s get that carriage to move across the screen To do this we must print it at a different positions If we call the print position for the carriage top P and the position for the base P 32 we can alter P in a loop We will overwrite lines 100 and 110 At the same time we can sort out another problem If you RUN your program now you will see that the whole line to the right of the carriage turns green If we finish the PRINT command with a semi colon this will stop Here are the new lines 109 FOR P 19 TO 120 110 PRINT P C PRINT P 32 B 120 NEXT RUN Well it moved but grew as well because we printed each carriage on top of the last without rubbing it out We can get over this by putting a blank character behind the carriage when we print so that it rubs out as it goes along The new line 119 is 110 PRINT P C
46. for beginners full instructions and computer the best pure machine code play and on the higher levels demonstration for beginners graphics we have ever seen adapts it s play to its assessment of your ability Mind Games Compendium All five games for just 19 95 eor parave WESTON SUPER MARE AVON 523 10 ALL OASIS PRICES INCLUDE emot a Hunt VAT AND P amp P AND EVERY stoc ese produc en le Please send me ORRPATCHEO AND INCLUDES A us know his address and we DRAGON CHESS 9 950 LIFETIME GUARANTEE will contact him BACKGAMMON 5 950 OTHELLO 5 95 C1 DOMINOES 5 95 0 ACCESS ORDERS gt INVADER CUBE 5 95 L1 TAKEN BY PHONE MIND GAMES 24 HOURS A DAY 0934 419921 COMPENDIUM 19 95 3 enclose cheque PO for a ADORESS d OASIS SOFTWARE Intelligence in code Firstly should like to welcome all new users to the User Club pages The object of these pages is to give details of users clubs and groups as already stated in previous issues Secondly should like to apologise to Mr J W Smith of West Yorks whose details included in the last issue of Dragon World Mr Smith no longer owns a Dragon 32 and does not wish any further contact from Dragon users should also like to apologise to all the people who contacted Mr Smith who will be forwarding your letters to me and shall try to answer each one
47. ia ouest ae FE EMERG URC Ds 6 95 FAMILY PROGRAMS Games education utilities 6 95 FUN amp GAMES Games compendium for all ages 6 95 LIVE amp LEARN Educational compendium for older OR sare gn ox ER ORA Y RSS OEE 6 95 QUIZ PACK Two quiz games 500 words 3 95 INFANT PACK Pre school education Counting oe ee ee ee 3 95 re a 3 95 JUNIOR PACK Primary school education DEALERS Phone us now on 01 514 4871 for our comprehensive catalogue S Available from selected branches of Boots and all good stockists or by telephoning Access Barclaycard orders to 01 514 4871 or by sending cheque PO to 189 ETON ROAD ILFORD ESSEX 2UQ 25 SOFTWARE REVIEWED VENTURE FORTH The unusual computer language FORTH is now available from DRAGON DATA on a cassette for use on DRAGON 32 or 64 A FORTH program will normally run faster and use less memory than an equivalent BASIC program although slower than machine code it is exceptionally efficient for a high level language At first sight it is an odd looking language It employs reverse Polish notation RPN which is the same as that used by some Hewlett Packard calculators Thus the BASIC expression 5 3 7 becomes 3 7 5 in FORTH The main reason for using this unusual notation is that FORTH uses stacks This in itself is not unusual since all languages use stacks internally but FORTH interacts with the programmer via st
48. imations and don t want to go all the way down to the level of machine code the challenge is worth accepting The first step is to get to grips with the stack system and the reverse Polish logic A program that simulates these two aspects at least as far as numerical operations are concerned and displays the stack as it is manipulated is an invaluable aid to those about 10 venture forth The program below is designed to do just that It uses a stack of size 10 and allows you to enter integers and perform standard FORTH integer arithmetic using the operators adds together the top two numbers on the stack subtracts the top number from the second number multiplies together the top two numbers divides the second number by the first ignoring any remainder performs as but leaves both result and remainder on the stack duplicates the top number on the stack deletes the top number rotates the top 3 numbers so 123 becomes 3 1 2 swaps the two top numbers prints the top number 150 BC INSTR 1 B DD 160 GOSUB23 IF B 1 AND BC 1 THEN ON BC 1 GOSUB 260 270 280 290 310 320 330 340 350 360 GOTO7O 170 IF B 1 AND BC Q THEN 0 VAL DD GOSUB240 GOSUB259 GOTO70 180 IFB AND BC 4 THEN 80 190 508300 00 80 200 IF B2 1 AND BC 1 THEN 80 210 FOR 1 1 TO 9 PRINT 2106 1 32 13 NEXTI PRINT 105 1 32 1 220 RETURN 230 PRINT a 1 C RETURN 240 FOR 1 9 STEP 1 X I 1 2
49. is admirably qualified to provide this of games for your Dragon Choose from adventure games insider s look he was responsible for the design of the built in games of strategy and chance puzzles quizzes and Dragon input output routines for Dragon Data Ltd competitions and mind stretchers So tone up the muscles of your mind and test your reflexes and mental prowess on Topics covered include this extraordinary obstacle course the architecture of the M6809 the chip at the heart of the machine Games featured include input output hardware Zombies in the Swamp Kentucky Derby graphics hardware Galaxian Monsters Genius at Work the Dragon 64 Keyboard Memory Shakespearean Shuffle the disc operating system Las Vegas a Gogo Adventure of the Century IT Parrott The Swedish Pop Song Also detailed are the manufacturer s data sheets for the 146 201 146738 3 95 M6809 processor the SN74LS783 multiplexer the MC6847 video display generator and the 682 1 interface adaptor 1 360pp 201 14523 5 7 95 WW Addison Wesley Publishers Should you have difficulty in ordering from your local bookseller please fill in the coupon and add 75p p amp p per book Signed Dae 114523 5 Smeed Inside the Dragon at 7 95 114673 8 Renko Dynamic Games for your Dragon at 3 95 enclose my cheque for OR Please charge my Access Barclaycard Visa America
50. l software we could not buy We have never cut corners on quality or detail and we never will Each program takes up to four teachers and three programmers three months to complete and test Our driving force is our children s future not huge profits The ambitious target Cheshire Cat have set themselves is to eventually produce a comprehensive range of programs to provide every school subject from pre school age ability right through to A Level standard A wholly flexible program explores the 22 major areas of the current maths syllabuses of all the examination boards for O level CSE and Over 16 examinations Also available is the thrilling history simulation for 11 14 year olds Superspy a first school reading aid Early Reading the top selling BEHIND THE SCENES AT PEAKSOFT ITS et A WOR NOT HEARD A HE SAYS THE ONLY WAY THAT GAME CHAMPIONS aoue HAS BEER 1 WORD FROM HIM TAN HE S GOING TO WIN THE FROM PEAKSOFT SHUT THAT ROOM HE RECEIVED THAT EUROPEAN CUP AGAIN gt l FROM BURTON 4 IS WITH Ossie THE GAME THAT ALL THE FLAP S ABOUT Totally original arcade action 10096 machine code Its a tough life for Ossie the Osprey five hungry chicks to feed and those pesky poachers keep raiding the nest Dive for your dinner and plaster the poachers Increasing difficulty Hi score Joystick optional 6 95 PHOTO FINISH Superb new horse race ac
51. lamander Oasis Quark Data Sphinx Data SPECIAL OFFER 10 Discount on 3 cassettes Send for our FREE price list of Dragon Oric Hardware Software and Accessories PRICES All our prices are inclusive of VAT and carriage to U K mainland To order send cheque P O or Access No Or phone your Access No We reserve the right to amend prices without notice JUNIPER COMPUTING 8 PEMBROKE GREEN LEA MALMESBURY WILTS SN16 9 06 62 2689 US CHEAP RATE BETWEEN 6 00p m and 7 00p m SAVE ON PHONE BILLS AND CALL 21 Addison Wesley Publishers CALLING ALL DRAGON OWNERS TWO NEW BOOKS FROM ADDISON WESLEY PUBLISHERS As approved by Dragon Data INSIDE THE DRAGON by Duncan Smeed and lan Sommerville For the serious hobbyist wishing to understand more of the technical details of his system INSIDE THE DRAGON is a unique and fascinating journey through the interior of the Dragon It considers the machine s internal workings and organisation and brings together a wealth of information on DYNAMIC GAMES both the software and hardware of the Dragon A working FOR YOUR DRAGON knowledge of BASIC is assumed making this book the obvious by Hal Renko and Sam Edwards choice for those wishing to realise the full potential of their C Create for yourself hours of excitement and machine i B MESE aca entertainment with this original and imaginative collection Duncan Smeed
52. ly redefined using arrow keys or in Basic and Saved Monster Mine 691 Empire 6 04 Preprogrammed maths symbols and graphics including Invaders etc Abbreviated Sultans Maze 691 Line Up 4 30 keyword entry OLD command Chateau 6 91 478 ALL COMPLETELY INTERFACED WITH BASIC AND CAN BE USED IN YOUR OWN Gem 6 91 Darts 4 78 PROGRAMS Dragontty Excellent value for money Popular Computing Weekly 6 04 Cheques Postal Orders to AMBERSOFT Postage Vat included in above prices SPORTING FORECASTS Professor Frank George one of the country s leading experts in forecasting techniques has produced the following microcomputer programs based on his researches F4 FOOTBALL FORECAST A pools forecasting program which uses stored team data to compute the expected result of each fixture POOLPERM Produces full perms according to amount of stake and number of matches required H5 HORSE RACE FORECAST A serious punter s aid to sensible betting Data is entered from a sporting newspaper and the program produces betting recommendations A detailed instruction booklet accompanies each program Versions are available for DRAGON 32 Also Apple Sharp MZ80K BBC Sharp MZ80A Video Genie 2 81 TRS 80 NewBrain Pet Spectrum Commodore 64 Bureau of Information Science Commerce House High Street Chalfont St Giles Buckinghamshire We recommend it unreservedly Dragon Dungeon 35 DEAN HILL PLYMOUT
53. m Merksam Belgium 7 DRAGON PUZZLE 4 Here is the solution to the Christmas puzzle complete with the revealing hint 10 CLS PRINT 21O DRAGON PUZZLE 4 20 PRINT 2259 FRANKINCENSE 30 PRINT 2328 GOLD 40 PRINT 0165 CAKE 50 PRINT 2360 SNOW 60 PRINT 2198 STAR 70 PRINT 299 MESSAGE 80 PRINT 229 POST 90 PRINT 291 PRESENT 100 PRINT 133 PEARTREE 119 FORI 3 11 FOR J 6 TO 8 STEP 2 120 X 321 J P PEEK X 1024 PRINT YX CHRS IP 32 NEXT J I 130 PRINT 2400 Errata Dragon World Issue 1 There were unfortunately some typesetting errors in the first issue of Dragon World Whilst we contine to investigate alternative ways of presenting programs which are both error free and readable perhaps you will accept our apologies together with the following list of errata Fortunately most of the errors were easy to rectify given some experience but we understand how frustrating it can be for newcomers to be confronted with SN ERROR etc after painstaking typing sessions It may be helpful to review some of the common problems due to typesetting Spaces often are a problem as they are not as wide as a character Try to leave spaces between variable names and BASIC command words such as TO as in FOR IX TON Also note that the space bar is often used as a control under INKEY and then it is important to distinguish between quotes around nothing and quotes ar
54. n Express Diners Dept C Club Account No Addison Wesley Publishers Ltd 1111111111111111 wise London WCIB 3DZ DW I 22 continued from page 20 The first options are to Create a new Database or to Load an existing one In either case a name must be specified for the Database If a Database is loaded the program proceeds directly to the second menu If the Create option is used an average field length must be estimated names must be given for all fields and then the data are entered End of data is indicated by pressing ENTER on its own The second menu allows the Database to be Saved on tape the file will be given the same name as the Database Records may be Added effectively a return to the Create mode The Database may be interrogated using the Find option field number is specified then the particular record in that field in our address telephone Database field number 1 followed by the surname of the particular person for example A record may be Deleted it must first be found using a Find type sequence Finally the Database may be Killed usually only after Saving to allow a new Database to be Loaded or Created To convert to 64K mode only line 10 need be altered The maximum number of records allowed is calculated automatically by subroutine 1300 and is controlled by the parameter values in line 10 In 32K mode after the program is loaded there are about 27500
55. ncrements U by 32 and 5 1 is used to indicate when this procedure should stop by setting ST1 to X 225 lines 136 150 To access the individual bits of our current set of bytes we use A to provide a mask so that for example to examine the most significant left most bits A is set to hex 80 binary 120000000 line 160 and subsequently changed to the other masks using LSRA line 310 LOOP2 controls this process with branching to NEXT when A 01 mask 00000001 To assemble the graphics information B is first set to zero The command BITA U line 200 checks to see whether the appropriate bit determined by A of the current byte determined by U is set if so 1 is added to B On re entry to LOOP3 LSLB shifts this information one place to the left so that the first bit highest on the screen eventually ends up as the most significant bit When a byte of information is complete it is stored in address Y and Y is then incremented A check for the end of a strip is then possible by comparing Y with 8000 Note finally that lines 350 390 provide a check to see whether the current strip is blank or not if So all that is required is a line feed otherwise the whole strip is printed by loading each byte from continued on page 23 10 CLS6 50 C CHR 129 N CHR 131 N 100 100 GO TO 10 There is C But the program stops and you get OK on the screen To prevent this type in a line which sends the program
56. nds to correct every occurence of the error all the way through the document Touch typists will find the EDITEXT 3 enables them to sustain high typing speeds within the limited of the DRAGON S keyboard capabilities Despite its outstanding flexibility EDITEXT 3 is extremely easy to use Suitable for Disc and Cassette From all good stockists or direct from 837 Yeovil Road Slough SL1 4JH Send 13 70 incl p p This issue we consider the problem of transferring the contents of a hi res screen to a matrix dot printer Most such printers these days can operate in graphics mode whereby each byte of information sent to the printer is interpreted as a pattern of seven or eight vertical dots A graphics screen can then be reproduced on paper by transforming the information content pixel by pixel into successive bytes each byte to communicate to the printer a particular pattern of vertical dots Unfortunately different printers require this information to be coded in different ways and so it is impossible to provide a single universal program for all printers In this article we consider two popular printers the Seikosha GP10OA referred to as SK and the Shinwa denoted by CP First let s tackle the problem from BASIC where communication to the printer is via the use of PRINT 2 A unit of information is one byte and this can be represented by any decimal number from to 255 Thus PRINT 2 CHRS N sends
57. nner from the many varied applications We are at present compiling a short list and the results of the competition should be announced in the next issue of Dragon World in April In order that we can keep our mailing list up to date please inform us of any change of address or machine replacement For those readers who have sold their Dragon or intend to do so please inform us so that we can discontinue your Dragon World If you do sell your Dragon the new owner may wish to receive this magazine so do please inform them of our subscription offer so that they do not lose out Editorial Team Dragon World Dragon Data Ltd Kenfig Industrial Estate Margam Port Talbot SA13 2PE West Glam E 1003231 ts 3L1F T u1FFE Oasis Software The first basic compiler for OASIS SOFTWARE Alexandra Parade Weston super Mare Avon BS23 1QT Please send me SPRINT Basic Compiler 14 95 DRAGON PASCAL 14 95 HM EE SA Tr RAR Address ACCESS orders taken by phone 24hoursaday 0934 419921 the DRAGON 32 Es ee ee Se SPRINT BASIC COMPILER by Dr David Gray FOR THE DRAGON 32 Sprint compiles a subset of standard Dragon BASIC which covers arrays strings for next loops in fact virtually everything except floating point arithmetic and associated commands All arithmetic is integer and the Dragon sound and graphic commands
58. on32 can also be run on the Dragon64 So on power up we enter a 32K mode To move to the 64K mode we need to type EXEC or 48000 A blue cursor reminds us that we are in 64K mode and the command MEM now gives 41241 The commands CLEAR and PCLEAR can of course be used to increase this value The whole 64K of memory is now available as RAM a re assembled version of the BASIC interpreter resides in the top 16K but this can be over written if it is not required Apart from the obvious advantage of extra memory 16K if you are writing in BASIC and 32K for machine code users there are several other new features Perhaps the most important is the RS232 interface which allows communication with serial devices such as printers and graph plotters or with other computers New commands of the form DLOAD and DLOADM make it possible to use this port as easily as the tape interface but it is also possible to send and receive single characters using simple routines described in the 64 Supplement manual Another useful modification is the Keyboard Auto Repeat Facility which makes all keys repeat when held down This is available automatically in 64K mode and can be incorporated into the 32K mode by executing a simple routine The delay before the Repeat Facility is activated and the speed of the repeat are adjustable In the 64K mode the response of the keyboard is greatly improved touch typists in parti
59. orders Send A5 SAE for full catalogue Cheques or postal orders payable to AFL Ete DATA RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DRS is a powerful database package for the Dragon er su files stored either on cassette or disc using the Dragon Data DOS DRS has been designed for ease of use and flexibility You can design your own database specifying number and type of fields Powerful full screen editor allows easy design of your own screens DRS contains full facilities for adding maintaining and deleting records Fields may be added to or deleted from existing files even after records have been added Search facilities allow for selection of records by any portion or combination of fields DRS also has an extremely flexible report generator allowing for anything from printing of labels to paged reports e 22000 characters of data per file e 154 000 characters of data per disc file e Each record may contain a maximum of 480 characters 26 alphanumeric fields and 10 numeric fields e inclusive exclusive and ranged searches on alphanumeric fields e Comparative searches on numeric fields Add delete and change records e User definable screen displays e User definable report nerator Record formats may be changed at any time e Disc files require Dragon Data DOS Price 14 95 Tape duplication by DATACLONE 14 _ S 17 Norfolk Road
60. ound a space Here then is a list of the mistakes TORNADO line 150 a space between Ul and THEN Line 200 IF F lt 8 then F 8 Line 350 the second semi colon should be a colon Line 380 A final quote is required Line 390 The last two pairs of quotes should surround a space CHRISTMAS TREE line 300 the second comma in PAINT X Y should not be present HOLES line 1000 should start with PRINT 448 MIDS NS I 1 2 N 1 CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL OF YOU 1112 CHESHIRE CAT EDUCATIONAL SERIES from AMPALSOFT CHESHIRE CAT The First name in Educational Software An exciting range of top quality programs covering all needs from pre school to A level Now available from Boots and other good stores Ampal Computer Services Ltd 31 Woodbridge Road Darby Green Blackwater Camberley Surrey Tel 0252 876677 BASIC TUTORIAL BEGINNE gs LEVEL z 5 An exciting and rapidly expanding range of educational software for the Dragon 32 home computer is being produced by a novel co operative of housewives and teachers This unlikely combination of talents has already shaken the software market with their high quality polished programs of genuine educational benefit presented in the finest moulded plastic book shaped packaging under a distinctive Cheshire Cat logo The mortar board sporting cat featured on the cover already commands pride of place in
61. own store of the address of the start of the current graphics screen bytes Hex BA and BB 100 ST 256 PEEK amp HBA PEEK amp HBB 110 PRINT 2 CHR 27 1 120 FOR I Q TO 31 PRINT4 2 CHR 27 K 192 0 130 FOR J 191 TO STEP 1 PRINT 2 CHR PEEK ST 32 J 1 NEXTJ 140 PRINT 2 CHR 13 NEXTI 150 PRINT4 2 CHR 27 2 And so at long last to Machine code We look in detail at the construction of a machine code program for CP and present a BASIC program to POKE in the equivalent program for SK Since the speed of execution of these programs is now determined by the speed of the printer itself and not by the program design both construct the screen dump horizontally and assume a black on buff format in PMODE4 We need to be able to send bytes of information to the printer from machine code this is done by loading A with the appropriate byte and then the instruction JSR 8 F uses a subroutine in ROM that sends the byte in A to the printer We use this procedure for both control codes and graphics bytes The basic architecture of the program is constructed by considering those eight bytes in RAM corresponding to a current rectangle of the screen consisting of 8 by 8 pixels These eight bytes will occur in RAM at the positions start start 32 start 64 and so on To assemble a byte of information the first bit of all the eight bytes must be interrogated then
62. riends started clamouring for copies and Cheshire Cat was born Then a brilliant but simple Basic Tutorial program to teach beginners how to program their own Dragon 32 was produced and that has now sold over 20 000 copies Basic Tutorial has also featured in two major national advertising and promotional campaigns by Boots as part of a software pack sold with each Dragon 32 Realising the tremendous potential this barren market place presented the girls formed Ampalsoft at Knutsford Cheshire in October 1982 and devised their own Cheshire Cat logo and Ampalsoft trademark The talents of their husbands were swiftly drafted along with teachers and programming friends into the expanding co operative fold And it was the husbands who provided the sound business base on which Cheshire Cat s commercial success is firmly founded Chris Lansdowne 35 is a financial director Colin Mortimer 35 an electronics design engineer with a specialist interest in computers and Tim Nixon is a top sales consultant Now this multi talented team includes more than 40 teachers and programmers working on new educational products for the Dragon 32 to add to the nine strong present range Cheshire Cat director Patricia Lansdowne credits their meteoric rise with 1 million sales in their first year to producing such top class products for a virgin market Patricia said We started Cheshire Cat to provide our own children with the educationa
63. s 6809 West Mids Tel Sedgley 72521 This is a small club that does not really wish to expand a great deal but they are prepared to act as a springboard for other users in the area to get together in a small geographical unit NORTHERN IRELAND The last issue gave Mr Peter Leach s details and now he has requested that his telephone number is included You can contact Mr Leach on Antrim 65345 On the Air There is a club possibly to be called Dragnet now operating on Amateur Radio Frequency allocations The club had its first try out in early January and immediately gained 10 members The net is held on radio frequency 144525 MHz each Sunday morning at 11 30am soon to be altered to 11 00am The net is officially called computer users net and has been started up by an enthusiastic Dragon owner am sure that this club will be of interest to the many radio amateur operators who are also Dragon owners Christmas Fair It was good to meet Doug and Dave from the Dragon Independent Owners Association at the Christmas Fair Wembley It is always helpful to get exchanges of ideas and hopefully some of the suggestions discussed may be implemented in the near future Even if clubs are unable to visit the exhibitions we are present at there are still other methods of communication and should appreciate ideas and suggestions from the clubs as to what they would like to see on these pages and within the m
64. sarily wasteful of space particularly for programs such as the INDEX program discussed in the last issue We prefer therefore when using ALLDREAM to load it into RAM further down leaving hex 7020 onwards free for machine code This may be achieved by using an OFFSET To calculate the negative offset required let s assume that we wish to install ALLDREAM from 23000 instead of 24704 onwards The necessary offset will be 65536 23000 24704 63832 and the command for cassette loading is CLOADM ALLDREAM 63832 From disk the equivalent command would be LOAD ALLDREAM BIN 23000 To assemble a program from hex 7D onwards simply insert the two lines ORG 7000 and PUT 7D at the beginning of your text file see for example this issue s machine code corner Of course you have to adjust all the addresses supplied with ALLDREAM accordingly so that for example with our suggested position EXEC 23000 takes you to DREAM whilst EXEC 27996 takes you to DREAMBUG DRAGON DATA SOFTWARE REVIEWS This month Shaft and Viking have been examined by local schoolchildren Descriptions of the software titles are given below follow the scores and comments of the children Title SHAFT Price 7 95 The aim of the game is to move across the screen from one side to the other avoiding the eight elevators moving up and down you begin the game at the base of the screen and each time you successfully cross it a special elevator wifl lift you
65. th the practice in this magazine of constructing machine code programs in RAM from say hex 7000 onwards Further DREAM under default instructions assembles programs from 20001 onwards This means that it would be necessary The first five operators pull the numbers from the stack operate on them and push the result s on to the stack The output operator pulls the number prints it and does not replace it Type in the program and RUN The stack is displayed in the middle of the screen and your FORTH instructions along the top of the screen Key in numbers as usual and use the keys D for DUP S for SWAP R for ROT and for their FORTH counterparts In addition use the downward arrow for DROP and for MOD Although a single key is used for each instruction allowing easy branching through an extensive use of INSTR the equivalent FORTH commands are displayed Unlike the version of FORTH produced by DRAGON DATA the period produces an immediate display When your list of FORTH words is long up to two lines is OK you can clear the top of screen by pressing ENTER which clears the list of previous commands but does not alter the stack In FORTH you have to be careful to leave a space between each instruction Our BASIC program uses the space to implement the operation and an error message is generated if you do not follow this cardinal rule If you make a mistake in keying in the last key pressed may be retrieved b
66. the second bit and so on When all eight bits have been assembled we move on to the next set of 8 bytes corresponding to 8 vertical pixels adjacent to the previous 8 and after 32 such sets we will have assembled 8 32 256 bytes of information corresponding to a complete horizontal strip of the screen 8 pixels deep These 256 bytes are stored in RAM from hex 7F to 7FFF 100LOOP 110 120 LOOPO 130 LOOP1 140 150 160 170 LOOP2 180 190 200 210 220 230 CONT 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 NEXT 340 350 CHECK 360 LOOPC 861B BD8 F 8631 BD8 F DCBA FD7E24 1F21 1 8E7F 1F10 C3Q E1 7 20 11B37E20 25F1 E7AQ 108C8000 270B 8101 2703 44 20DF 3001 2001 108 7 00 A6AQ 2608 108C8000 25F6 2021 108 7 410 FOUND 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 5001 510 520 108C8000 530 25F5 540 INC 8600 550 BD8 F 560 FC7E24 570 4C 580 109387 590 1025FF87 600 8618 610 BD8 F 620 8632 630 BD8 F 640 39 The finer details are as follows ST2 is used to store the address of the first byte of a strip and is initially supplied with the address from store BA lines 90 100 This is incremented by 256 before returning to LOOP by loading D from ST2 and incrementing A as A is the most significant byte of D Given the address X of a current set of 8 bytes U is used to control looping through the 8 bytes hence line 230 i
67. tion Terrific graphics authentic race cards odds based on actual form REAL TIME races from 5f to 2 miles Sporting Life result cards with distances times etc Neat and an incredible photo finish feature 1 4 players 7 95 Take your team from the Fourth Division to the European Cup Features four divisions prom otion relegation transfers injuries suspen lt gt PE A FREEPOST sions weekly results and league tables re serve team crowd trouble and all the fun Burton on Trent DE15 9BR drama and frustration of managing a league P ni i Ry 3 ER a club E LIONHEART 5 45 Unique two part romp Arcade style action as you assemble your army pursued by the ruthless Prince John switches to colourful graphics adventure as you land in the Holy Land to mount your Crusade against the Sultan Saladin DEATH S HEAD HOLE 5 45 The television crews are assembled at the entrance and your t6 95 mother has sold her story to The Sun The eyes of the nation are on you Face the terrors of a You re the last survivor it sa Mendips pothole as you lead a mission of mercy to rescue a party of frightened cavers The long way home Can you survive the ealism is astounding inefi i ips eres ap P gen DON T PANIC 5 45 Two classic adventures at an incredible price wins Now with free lapel badge Features Towers of Death and The
68. to the printer the byte whose binary forrn equals the decimal number N Some of the values of N are used by the printer as CONTROL CODES and in particular each printer uses a particular set of such codes to change to graphics mode For SK N 8 instructs the printer to accept all subsequent bytes as graphics bytes until the control code N 15 is sent For CP the control codes are more involved and are N 27 followed by 49 corresponding to 1 to control the line feed width then 27 followed by 107 K plus two numbers L and M to instruct the printer to interpret the following L 256 M bytes as graphics bytes The differences between SK and CP do not stop here SK uses a 7 bit column form and such a column whose first third fourth sixth and seventh bits are set would require the code 128 always present 1 4 8 32 64 237 In other words as we descend the column of dots we add to 128 a power of two for every dot to be printed using the powers 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 with 1 associated with the top bit and 64 with the bottom On the other hand CP uses an eight bit column with the top bit associated with 128 and then down through 64 32 16 8 4 2 and 1 for the bottom bit First then we construct a program for SK assuming that our graphics picture has been created in PMODE4 with black on a buff background The pixel at is set to black if PPOINT X Y 2 Q We construct a program that scans down each column of seven pixels starting
69. utorial and ready later this month are Computer Science and O Level Physics Under production and on the drawing board are Geography Biology Astronomy French and German Superspy is a brilliant combination of every popular video game skill in a unique and thrilling teach yourself history format This fun way of acquiring knowledge of British history 1939 46 has been cleverly devised by a top history teacher for 11 year olds and upwards The full list of software now available from Dragon Data at 14 95 is 2 cassettes 2 cassettes 2 cassettes 2 cassettes 3 sets of 2 cassettes 2 cassettes 2 cassettes 2 cassettes 2 cassettes Basic Tutorial Advanced Tutorial Maths 1 4 6 year olds Maths 2 6 7 year olds Maths Level Superspy Early Reading Computer Science O Level Physics Please see order form on separate insert PREVIEW OF INSIDE THE DRAGON One of the major criticisms levelled at the Dragon 32 and 64 was the lack of technical information available for them Inside the Dragon written by Duncan Smeed and lan Sommerville and published by Addison Wesley has been written specifically to fill that gap Inside the Dragon is 360 pages long and consists of nine chapters of text a suggested further reading list eight appendices and a complete index The first chapter introduces basic computer principles using obviously the Dragon as a specifi
70. xt Reversal and all a Dungeon purchases ae 4 95 Lander will each provide hours of challenge for Members adverti ts free Midas Maze Motor skill practice for 5 9 years with players from ten to adult sements free plenty of visual stimulus 4 95 Free listing service for members without SERIOUS STUFF Money management for home and small business 8 75 Catalogue Sort and Mail File handling program with sorting and mailing list facilities 8 75 The Manager Both of the above in double presentation case 14 95 Nursery lower case text First Numbers by Margaret Norman 5 95 Two musical graphics programs for children of age Counting Rhymes produces well known counting songs with the words shown beneath in Number Fun takes the child on a journey in a magic car through Nursery Rhyme Land printers The Dragon Dungeon Club also offers an advice service If we can t help you with your Dragon problems we ll try to put you in touch with someone who can Membership of the Club costs UK Overseas Annual Subscription 6 00 8 00 FOR DEALER AND WHOLESALE DISCOUNTS PHONE 0335 42639 DRAGON Mu oo MILTON HOUSE ST JOHN STREET ASHBOURNE DERBYSHIRE DE6 1GH AVAILABLE AT GOOD SOFTWARE STORES OR BY MAIL ORDER Mail Order 0335 42529 Retail Hours 9 30 am to 5 30 pm And that s not ail Code Graphics throughout the whole
71. y use of the right arrow As a first attempt try the following sequence of commands remember those spaces 23 32 5 calculates 23 324 5 5 23 5 standing for 23 5 SWAP MOD which should give you 4 and 3 on the top of stack as 5 goes into 23 4 times with remainder 3 It is possible to extend the program to allow other FORTH primitives but hardly worth it The program is designed to introduce you gently to the essential syntax of the language and no more Perhaps such a foretaste might tempt you to your local stockist to purchase the real thing 5 REM TRY FORTH A M SYKES DEC 1983 10 CLEAR1 DIMX 1 X 12 CLS GOSUB210 20 A 0123456789 CHR 8 B 30 32 CHR 47 CHR 63 DSR CHR 19 CHR 13 40 FOR 1 1 TO6 X I MIDS BS I 1 NEXTI 50 FOR I 7 TO 11 READ XS I NEXTI 60 DATA MOD DUP SWAP ROT DROP 70 CC z un 80 K INKEY IF K 80 90 A INSTR 1 AS K B INSTR 1 B K IF A AND 0 THEN 80 12900 IF B 12 THEN C CC PRINT 1 STRING 96 32 GOTO8O 110 IF LEN CC gt AND 11 THEN C D CC DD GOSUB239 GOTO8 120 D C DD CC IFB gt THEN C C X B ELSE C C K 130 GOSUB23 CC CC K L LEN CC 140 IF L lt 2 THEN 80 27 then to protect 200090 onwards from BASIC by use of CLEAR and this would be unneces

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