Video Genie System / Genie I - 8Bit
Contents
1. DESCRIPTION 1 79 MHz clock INTERRUPT NO CONNECTION NO CONNECTION PROCESSOR HOLD ACKNOWLEDGE PHANTOM HALT ACKNOWLEDGE PROCESSOR WAIT INPUT OUTPUT REQUEST PROCESSOR HOLD PROCESSOR WRITE PROCESSOR READ CONTROL AND STATUS BUS DISABLE MEMORY REQUEST DATA AND ADDRESS BUS DISABLE FIRST STATE OF INSTRUCTION CYCLE CPU RESET DYNAMIC MEMORY REFRESH NON MASKABLE INTERRUPT MEMORY MAP FFFF FOR EXPANSION 7FFF 16K RAM 3C00 3F FF VIDEO DISPLAY MEMORY 3800 76 RESERVED FOR KEYBOARD 2FFF ROM 0000 I O PORT ASSIGNMENT CASSETTE INTERFACE FF FE PRINTER INTERFACE FD MEMORY MAP MAP 15 16 DECIMAL 13 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 CHARACTER CR AUTO LF SPACE 44 Qo RW MW 4 M OO lt Y OO A N O HEX DECIMAL CHARACTER 64 lt lt 2 ASCII TABLE VOLUME ADJUSTMENT FOR IMPRONEMENT OF CASSETTE LOADING In order to rectify the cassette loading problem caused by differences in output level and quality of different cassette tapes your system now has a volume and a level meter added on the cassette recorder The volume adjustment procedure is 1 Press power is applied to the cassette recorder 2 Putin your cassette tape 3 Wind or rewind the tape unti2. 0 MANUAL This manual is a guide that helps you to get familiar with the Video Genie System PREFACE the quickest manner it helps you to set up the system and to operate it efficiently An overview of the Video Genie System is provided so that you will find no difficulty in understanding and expanding your system Moreover higher level computer users will find the technical information in the APPENDIX very useful In case you have any problem or any suggestion don t hesitate to contact your local dealers Welcome to the exciting world of personal computing are welcome ia x 0 29 n m a m n i OR WR I RR NOE Won p u a m e m NW ana m C a a B DR T S MR we M RR e aM te QN eae NUR UR U
3. The backup procedure should be 1 Put the TRS 80 compatible tape into a second cassette 2 Connect the second cassette to the computer 3 Use CLOAD 2 command to load the program into memory 4 Try to adjust the second cassette volume if loading fails 5 If the program is successfully loaded save it onto a blank tape with cassette 1 x BAD NEW LINE NEW LINE 10 6 1 Winding Tape to Proper Location a Press the F1 key the red light labelled CASSETTE RECORDER should be on as well b Press the REWIND or FAST FORWARD key and set the tape to the location where program saving starts c Press the STOP EJECT key to physically stop tape winding operations d Press the RECORD and PLAY keys simultaneously to clear a part of the tape before actual saving e Rewind the tape a little to ensure the entry point for program saving is clear f Release the F1 key the red light labelled CASSETTE RECORDER should be off 6 2 Program Saving a Type in CSAVE 1 where represents a file name b Press the RECORD and PLAY key simultaneously c Hit the NEW LINE key The red light labelled CASSETTE RECORDER should be turned on automatically and the cassette should be recording the signal from the computer However no asterisk will appear on the display A ready message will be displayed after the saving has completed 6 3 Program Checking After the progra
4. 80 Level BASIC Therefore TRS 80 s tapes can be loaded into the system and run Further details of the BASIC language are explained in the BASIC Manual The System can also load binary tapes that contain Z80 machine codes For loading such tapes please refer to the SYSTEM command discussed in the BASIC MANUAL SYSTEM RESET SOFTWARE 1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS POWER CONSUMPTION CASSETTE INPUT LEVEL COMPUTER OUTPUT RECORDING LEVEL REMOTE SWITCHING CAPACITY VIDEO OUTPUT 2 CONNECTORS PIN ASSIGNMENTS APPENOIH A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 25W MAX 1 V peak to peak 0 3 V peak to peak 0 5 A max at 6 V DC 2V peak to peak Negative sync pulse DIN JACK PIN CONNECTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL CASSETTE 1 REMOTE 2 SIGNAL GROUND 3 REMOTE 4 INPUT 5 OUTPUT DIN JACK PIN CONNECTIONS FOR VIDEO INTERFACE 1 45V 4 VIDEO OUTPUT 5 GROUND DIN JACK VIEWED FROM REAR SIDE OF THE SYSTEM EXPANSION PIN EDGE VIEWED FROM REAR SIDE 90 49 13 14 PIN CONNECTIONS FOR EXPANSION INTERFACE PIN SIGNAL DESCRIPTION 1 GND GROUND 2 GND GROUND 3 A7 4 A6 5 A5 4 6 4 7 1 8 9 2 10 11 D5 12 D2 13 NC 14 D1 15 16 03 17 07 18 06 19 VCC 5V SUPPLY 20 D4 21 A15 22 A8 23 14 24 9 25 NC NO CONNECTION 26 27 29 31 32 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 49 PHLDA PHANTOM
5. adjustment is required Now please follow the procedures below and try to load the demonstration programs supplied with your System 5 1 Loading a program from the resident cassette cassette no 1 a Inserta cassette into the recorder b Close the cover of the recorder c Rewind the tape if necessary see section 5 2 d If you know where is the program located wind the tape until the counter indicates the position of the program s beginning e Type in CLOAD 1 where represents the name of the program or type in CLOAD The former command tells the computer to search for the suitably named file while the second command wil only load the first file encountered f Press the PLAY key on the cassette drive g Hit the NEWLINE key At this point the computer starts searching for the program mentioned in the CLOAD command once it is found two asterisks will appear at the top right corner of the display the one on the right will be flashing from time to time indicating the program is loading A READY message will appear once the loading has been completed 5 2 Rewinding Procedure a Check if the power switch of the computer is turned ON b Press the F1 key the red light labelled CASSETTE RECORDER should be on also c Press the REWIND button on the cassette drive d Wait till rewinding stops e Press the STOP EJECT button to stop all operations physically f Reset the cassette counter to 000
6. at least 15 seconds before turning the power switch on again new ume 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 FORMAT SELECTION The Video Genie System allows two kinds of display formats that is 1 64 characters per line 2 32 characters per line The purpose of the latter is to permit an enlarged and clear character display when a television set is used 64 CHARACTERS LINE FORMAT The 64 characters per line format is selected whenever the computer is turned on and the VIDEO CUT button is off The user may select 32 characters per line by pressing the VIDEO CUT button 32 CHARACTERS LINE FORMAT a Press the VIDEO CUT button on the back panel b Press the PAGE button on the front panel to read either the left half or the right half of the text on the display SPACE INSERTION A space can be inserted automatically between characters by typing in PRINT CHR 23 This mode will be reset by NEW or CLS command 64 characters perline 02 That s better VIOEO FORITIRT VIDEO CUT 64 characters per line 32characters per line The keyboard machine interface while th is used f af man machine interface while the cassette is u or mass KEVBOR RO CASSETTE 4 1 Special Function Keys PAGE select page for display refer to previous section FI isolate the cassette from the control of the computer during winding and rewind ing and allow manual cassette m
7. RAM TELEPHONE MODEM This my family Genie 7 up unpacking from the POWER carton box However the user should adhere tc the following procedures PREPARATION OFF a Ensure that the power switch is in the off position Check whether the AC voltage labelled on the power supply unit is the same as that of your country Connect the power plug to a power line socket d Connect a Video Display Unit to the system The Unit can either be an ordinary TV set or a video monitor e Ensure that the Video Cut switch at the back panel is at the out position The display format will be 64 characters line f Turn on the power of the display unit first then the Video Genie System A message READY will be displayed on the top left corner of the display h If no READY message is displayed go to step a and check again After the READY message appears the user should hit the NEWLINE key then TV o another READY message should appear on the bottom left corner of the display m m me M j Now the System is at the Active Command level You can type in commands to get the computer to work for you Please refer to the Programming Manual for all the Active Commands available k If you want to have another display format please read the next section NOTE If the power switch is turned off for any reason the user should wait
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10. a a m mr a n e n n a OR Y e AR a a a NOS RR anata ern OR Or regen O RR teal contents 000000000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ape Power Preparation Dacis NE Video Display format 020 TU Keyboard and Cassette on Of AN Program loading 10 are ES Program Saving gt Second Cassette 11 system RESE iocis oo d Geese eee ward eee hone ake ees 12 O MON DO PWN ne 12 Software APPENDIX A Technical specifications B Memory map O map ASCII table SOUND OUTPUT Now you can enjoy programs with music and star war sound effect Your GENIE already has a speaker
11. connected to the cassette interface output During cassette saving you can also hear digital signals of the program The design philosophy of the Video Genie System is like that of most other general INTROOUCTION purpose computer systems and has great expansion capability The main unit EG3003 4 contains a Central Processing Unit devices and a mass storage device These are the 280 CPU a keyboard a video interface and a resident cassette recorder The EG3003 has resident 16 Kilobytes of RAM Random Access Memory for user s program storage while the EG3004 has only 4K The system has a video interface and an RF modulator to display the information on a VDU ora TV Fig 1 1 Beside the hardware configuration described the Video Genie System has a powerful resident EXTENDED BASIC Interpreter which is compatible with that of TRS 80 Level 11 BASIC An optional S 100 bus expansion box is designed to be connected to the main unit More peripherals can then be linked to the system by plugging their standard interface cards into the S 100 bus mother board S 100 bus is now a standard in the micro computer industry especially for computers using 8080 or Z 80 CPUs TV OR VDU ADDITIONAL CASSETTE RECORDER Hi wenegen EXPANDER PRINTER one Wem Mew 1 122452 Hi pr saree RS 232 C SERIAL PORT ADDITIONAL
12. g Turn off the F1 button PROGRAM LOADING IQ REWINDING kas a SARTRE c 3 O O O g A XX PLAY n NEW LINE 5 3 Checking a Program a b d e Read the CLOAD command section 1 5 in the BASIC Manual Rewind the cassette tape to the starting point of the program Press the PLAY button on the cassette drive Type in the command CLOAD from the keyboard Hit the NEW LINE key Once the computer finds the program two asterisks will appear on the top right corner of the display the one on the right will be flashing if comparison is successful A READY message will appear if the comparison has been completed Otherwise the word BAD will be displayed 5 4 Listing and Executing a Program a b c Read the LIST and RUN commands sections 1 9 and 1 11 in the BASIC Manual Type in LIST and hit the NEW LINE key The entire program will be listed display Type in RUN and hit the NEW LINE key The computer starts executing the program WARNING CASSETTE LOADING Although the cassette interface circuit can tolerate wide range of input signal level sometimes loading error may occur The reason is that so many software houses produce TRS 80 compatible tapes and their quality may differ a lot The only solution is to do a backup for yourself and use the backup copy for future loading
13. g procedure of the cassette 2 for playing reading in data or recording outputting data onto the tape is same as that described in 4 1 TO TO REMOTE EAR Note The user may have to adjust output volume of his cassette until no error occurs during cassette loading The Video Genie System may have to be reset if invalid data is read and causes a dead loop min VOLUME max That s my heart beat 11 The system must in some cases be reset When for example the machine is running in a dead loop The Reset Switch is located at the right side of the back panel Pressing the reset switch causes the computer to return to the READY mode without changing the memory contents The system runs in a dead loop in the following cases 1 loading a program from the cassette which contains an invalid file or when the volume of the recorder is poorly adjusted 2 executing LPRINT LLIST instructions without hooking up a printer to the system or having not turned on the printer 3 executing an inappropriate POKE instruction The CPU is reset everytime when the power is on Turning the system off and on immediately is not a good practice because it may cause improper initialization of the CPU Therefore the user should wait for about 15 seconds before turning on the system again The Video Genie System operates on a high level language called BASIC The system s Extended BASIC is compatible with that of TRS
14. ion however somebody may feel it frustrating In order to disable the flashing cursor hit SHIFT BREAK To enable it hit SHIFT BREAK again If you don t want flashing cursor at the start please enter 12299 instead of 12288 during ROM initialization Machine Language Monitor The machine language monitor allows you to enter modify display and execute with breakpoints 280 machine code which is displayed and entered in hexadecimal format To enter the monitor type SYSTEM NEWLINE and then 12710 NEWLINE The machine will then show the current status of the CPU registers Five commands are available 1 B Return to BASIC typing will return the machine to BASIC without altering memory contents 2 D Display memory This command has the form Dnnnn where nnnn is an address in hexadecimal e g D4545 will display the contents of 16 memory locations starting from address 4545 Use of the down arrow key will then display successive sets of 16 locations the up arrow key will step back through the memory Use any other key to exit to the display of register contents 3 R Modify registers This command allows modification of any of the 280 registers Pressing R will cause a display of the first register pair IY the next four characters typed will be entered into the register use the X key to skip to the next register pair eg type R display 8999 type ABCD display IY 8999 ABCD IX 4025 Register pair now contai
15. l the counter indicates the program s start 4 Press the PLAY key 5 Turn the volume towards the HIGH side 6 When the program signal comes the meter deflects and the volume should be adjusted to an adequate level 7 Rewind the tape to the program s start and load the cassette into the computer Volume should not be adjusted during cassette loading The recommended level for better loading is et middle range around 2 3 on the meter However if the loading is unsuccessful you should try with higher or lower level If it still can t be loaded your program may be damaged VOLUME LEVEL METER GENIE USER S MANUAL Attach to Video Genie System user s manual Introduction GENIE is an enhanced versionof Video Genie System An 1 5K ROM is added to provide new keyboard and display functions statement renumber command and a machine language monitor New keyboard and display functions and the monitor will be discussed in the following pages The Renumber command is described in the Active Command section of the BASIC manual For power up procedure cassette operations and other system features please refer to the V G S user s manual Enable the 1 5K ROM routines The computer is fitted with an exclusive 1 5K extension to the Microsoft 12K BASIC featuring upper and lower case flashing cursor auto repeat keyboard screen print machine language monitor and renumber functions To use these functi
16. m has been saved on tape it is necessary to check whether the program on tape is a true copy of the one in the computer Program checking is provided in the Video Genie System Please read section 5 3 CHECKING A PROGRAM PROGRRIT SAVING m STOP EJECT Two cassette recorders are required in some applications such as payroll and account S ECONO ing In these applications old data have to be read into the computer sequentially from one file and output to another file after processing or updating The main unit already has the CASS ETTE interface for one more cassette recorder Signal input output is through the DIN jack at the back panel A cassette recorder cable is packed with the System RECORDER Active Commands and instructions are provided to handle this extra cassette These 1 CLOAD 2 M load a program called M from cassette 2 ii CSAVE 2 M save a program onto cassette 2 a a a 4 FEO al RK AOR neg a grata An iii PRINT 2 A B C store variables A B and character string C onto cassette 2 INPUT 2 A B C input the variables A B and character string C from cassette 2 For further programming details please refer to the BASIC Manual The operatin
17. ns ABCD and X is ready to be modified An automatic exit 15 performed after Program Counter PC has been modified 4 M Modify memory This command allows the modification of any RAM memory location The command has the form Mnnnn where nnnn is the first address to be modified e g type M4000 i display 4000 C3 type FF display 4000 C3 FF 4001 96 Location 4000 has now been modified to FF Use the X key to exit 5 Start execution The G command starts execution of a program Command format is Gnnn xxxx NEWLINE where nnnn is the start address and xxxx is the breakpoint address e g 60000 will boot up the machine G8000 81AB the machine start execution from address 8000 and return to the monitor when it runs to the address 81AB The monitor creates a breakpoint by inserting an instruction CALL 3347H into the breakpoint location When the instruction is executed all registers will be saved and the former instruction in the breakpoint location will then be restored Very often in program debugging the program runs into a dead loop or other happenings the breakpoint is not encountered The user has to reset the computer to start again However the three bytes CALL instruction still remains in the user program The only way to restore the original codes is by the M command or by the POKE instruction in BASIC
18. ons the BASIC extension should be initialised immediately after the machine entering BASIC Active Command level a The initialisation procedure is i type SYSTEMINEWLIN ii reply iii type 12288INEWLINE iv A flashing cursor will show on the screen The entry address 12288 used in step iii will enable al the ROM facilities If you just want part of them there are two other choices Enter address 12299 will retain all the facilities except flashing cursor Enter address 12294 will have lower case facility only New Keyboard functions Input lower case characters Lower case characters can be input by hitting the character key with the SHIFT key depressed i Repeat Key After pressing a key longer than one second the computer automatically repeats entering that character until the key is released Print Screen By hitting SHIFT P the computer will transfer the information displayed on the screen to the printer If no printer is connected or the printer is turned off the computer will skip the printing process instead of locking up itself in waiting Once the SCREEN PRINT function is activated both alphanumeric and graphic characters on the screen will transfer to the printer Only those printers that can recognise GENIE or TRS 80 graphic characters are able to print the graphics Otherwise only alphanumeric characters can be printed Disabled flashing cursor A flashing cursor can attract the operations attent
19. otor control BREAK break a running program and return to the Active Command Level NEWLINE enter a line of command or data into the computer BACKSPACE cancel the character previously typed ESC the display echoes a sign which is an exponent sign used by the System CTL move the cursor to the beginning of the next line SHIFT CTL I tab function move the cursor 8 spaces to the right SHIFT CTL Y same as print CHR 23 See section 3 4 SHIFT BACKSPACE delete line 4 2 Cassette Recorder The cassette recorder is a high fidelity audio recorder It has six piano keys and a 3 digit counter The keys function the same as those of a normal recorder The user should take the advantage of the counter for fast program locating Program loading and saving will be discussed in detail in next section CASSETTE RECORDER POWER TAPE COUNTER CONTROL SHIFT a SPACE BAR BREAK BACK SPACE NEWLINE SHIFT RECORD REWIND FF PLAY STOP EJECT PAUSE COVER Programs are stored on cassette tapes in the form of magnetic signals If the user wants his Computer to do a certain job he should write the program save it onto a cassette tape and then reload the program into the system at any time he wants He may also buy any 80 Level Basic compatible tapes from the computer market then load and run them The cassette interface is designed to accept a wide range of input signal levels therefore no volume
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