User`s Manual - candlish dot net
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1. Edit Aircraft Gen Cruise climb NE 107 Sen Cruise Climb Equip vvs 1 Raed a Mormal Utility T Weight Arm Weight Arm a 774 EH 350 1500 0 35 0 pe i If your aircraft manual plots the weight and balance curves with weight on the vertical axis and moment on the horizontal axis you have to convert the data to the other format In order to convert the moment to arm simply divide by the corresponding weight For example point C is 2300 pounds and 88 500 pound inches If you divide 88 500 by 2300 you get 38 5 which is the arm that you enter in line C of the WB 2 form Point G is 2000 pounds and 81 000 pound inches If you divide 81 000 by 2000 you get 40 5 which is the arm that A H E you enter in line G of the WB 2 form Weight pounds Moment pound inches 19 CoPilot User s Manual Appendix C Sample Aircraft Data Piper Cherokee 180 P28A Edit inh Edit Aircraft Edit Aircraft EU Cruise Climb Equip We 1 WB 2 Gen RII climb Equip We 1 We 2 Gen cruise RAE aui ve 1 We 2 Cruise Performance Climb Performance Altitude Speed Fuel Flow Altitude Rate Speed w Fuel Flow 750 74 Wake Turb w r Light ELT w AF Homebase Fuel Density Start Taxi Fuel 1 Description _ Ib gal US w gal US Normal Utility Weight Arm Weight Arm Q Communication Navigation V VHF M VOR O ADF Transponder E ILS O Mode O2. 16 CoPilot User s Manual Appendix A Tips amp Tricks General 1 Online help is available by tapping the Tips button that is displayed in the upper right corner of dialog boxes 2 Whenever scroll bars or scroll buttons are shown you can use the page up down buttons to scroll by one page The page up down buttons are the built in buttons below the screen of the Palm handheld 3 Graffiti field navigation up down characters can be used to move the insertion point up down a column of fields 4 You can put a number into any field by using the calculator Edit menu The Paste button puts the result of the calculation into the field that was active when you opened the calculator 5 Ifanumber is highlighted when you open the calculator Edit menu the calculator is initialized with the number 6 A number of menu items e g Calculator Flight Cost Duplicate Flight Reverse Route have command toolbar items that can be invoked with Palm OS 3 54 7 Most units are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu 8 Fuel units are defined for each aircraft and are specified in the aircraft database Gen form 9 For convenience you may switch between units CoPilot only uses the units to collect and display data therefore changing the units does not affect the database content or the calculations There may however be minor rounding errors introduced if you switch back and
3. The Edit Aircraft forms have an Aircraft menu with an item to duplicate the entire aircraft entry The first Edit Aircraft form Gen allows you to enter basic information about the aircraft The only required field is the aircraft ident Edit Rircraft Ac uisel cime Eae ne TW 2 8 Type Wake Turbulence ELT Homebase and Description are used to fill in the Flight Plan form Fuel Density 6 Ib gd Us Valid wake turbulence entries are Light Medium or Heavy I hope that Start Taxi Fuel 1 6 gal US anyone flying a Heavy has a more sophisticated flight planning system than Description this Valid ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter entries are A Automatic ejectable AD Automatic Deployable F Fixed AF Automatic Fixed AP Automatic Portable P Personnel or WS Water Survival The Start Taxi Fuel is added to each flight when performing fuel consumption calculations The units that are chosen for the Start Taxi fuel are used for all subsequent fuel displays for this aircraft Fuel density is used to convert between fuel measured by weight and fuel measured by volume You can switch between fuel units For example you may want to enter all of the database items in pounds but display fuel consumption in gallons Simply set fuel units to pounds fill in the aircraft database forms and then switch the units back to gallons The data that you entered in pounds is now be displayed in gallons
4. The second aircraft form Cruise collects the data that is used to calculate cruise performance At least one altitude and cruise speed must be entered Edit Aircraft Gen AMEA cimb Equip jne 1 2 Cruise Performance Altitude Speed FuelFlow The program fits a quadratic curve to the points given and calculates cruise aon speed and fuel flow at a given altitude using this mathematical model of the moe cruise performance You should populate this table based on your flying DEGERE nN AM oe habits for example some people fly at a constant RPM regardless of EIE altitude while other people fly at a constant brake horsepower by changing es Seer RPM as they change altitude As long as the data matches your flyin habits CoPilot acy calculates ihe cruise performance The Ere is calculated using a constant brake horsepower 75 The performance model that is derived from this data is most accurate if the data is provided for a wide range of altitudes If possible include the sea level data If the fuel flow information is not provided fuel consumption is not calculated CoPilot User s Manual The third aircraft form Climb collects the data that is used to calculate climb performance and climb fuel consumption Climb performance time to climb distance to climb etc is used to estimate flight times In most cases the two easiest altitudes to enter are zero sea level and the service ceiling Note the se
5. DME V Mode C O RNAY O Loran O VFR GPS V IFR GPS Cessna 172 C172 Edit Rircraft Edit Rircraft Edit Rircraft EN cruise Cimb Equip WG Twe 2 Gen WARA Cimb Equip We 1 W6 2 cen Cruise aoup ve ne 2 5 Cruise Performance Climb Performance Altitude Speed Fuel Flow Altitude Rate Speed w Fuel Used Wake Turb w v Light ELT w RF Homebase Fuel Density f Ib gal US Start Taxi Fuel 1 w gal US Description Normal Utility Weight Arm Weight Arm Q Communication Navigation IM VHF M VOR O ADF Transponder ILS O ModeA O DME V Mode C O RNAY O Loran O VFR GPS O IFR GPS 20
6. forth between units A common application for this feature is to enter the weight and balance information into the aircraft database with the units set to pounds and inches since this matches the data in many aircraft manuals You can then switch the preferences to kilograms if you want to enter weights in kilograms on the weight and balance form 10 Aircraft pilots and waypoints can be sent to another Palm handheld See the send menu items in the Record menu Flight Description form 11 12 13 14 In the Flight Description form you can use the page up down buttons to switch to other flights You can duplicate an entire flight by using the Duplicate Flight menu item on the Flight menu You can estimate the cost of a flight by using the Flight Cost menu item on the Flight menu You can print flight data to a printer that IR Infra Red equipped or connected via a serial link The Print menu item is on the Flight menu You must have print software installed on the Palm handheld Route form 15 16 17 If a blank leg separates two legs on the Route form the calculations assume that there are two flights The time and fuel to climb and the start taxi fuel is added for the second leg You can drag any leg to a new location on the Route form by dragging the button with the stylus You are not allowed to move a leg to a location that is inconsistent with any adjacent leg
7. necessary to combine several fixed values into one In the example shown the oil weight has been added to the basic empty weight and the arm adjusted accordingly by adding the moments together and dividing by the combined weight Remember if one of the arms is negative the moment must be subtracted before dividing by the combined weight Edit Rircraft Gen cruisel climb Equip jne 1 MEE 5 Normal Utility Weight Arm Weight Arm 1 8 1 24000 92 0 This data is used to estimate the cost of a flight in this aircraft Time per hour Distance per nm Legs yass per takeoff Edit Pilot Form The sixth aircraft form WB 2 collects the data that is used to plot the weight and balance graph Enter the points on the weight and balance envelope Start at the lowest arm and enter the points as they appear along the curve If there is only a graph in your aircraft manual that shows weight versus moment the arm must be calculated by dividing the moment by the weight to get the arm This calculation must be performed for each of the corners along the curve More detail on filling out this form from the graphs in the aircraft manual can be found in Appendix B Weight amp Balance Database Entry on page 19 The seventh aircraft form collects the data that is used to estimate the cost of a flight in this aircraft You can specify the cost of this aircraft as an amount per hour an amount per
8. new leg to a flight tap on one of the blank buttons to open the Edit Leg dialog box 0000 CoPilot User s Manual Edit Leg 1 The Edit Leg dialog box is used to enter the start and end waypoints for the From CYRO leg The waypoints are the only required entries on this form You can also Rockdliffe specify cruising altitude wind atmospheric pressure and temperature the expected temperature at the cruising altitude These items are used to Ottawa VOR calculate climb and cruise performance Altitude Wind Direction i Wind Speed 10 I If you do not remember the ident of the waypoint the Find button opens a Temp at ae dialog box that lets you find the waypoint based on any text within the AN waypoint description or waypoint ident For example Rockcliffe could have been found by searching for rock or cliffe or ck or yro If you wish to add a new waypoint to the database the New button opens the Edit Waypoint dialog box This button is used to interchange the From and To waypoints if one of the waypoints is shared with the previous or next leg you cannot change the waypoint therefore this button is not visible This button is used to copy data from the last leg that you edited the last leg for which you tapped the OK button The Airway data is only copied if it is blank on the current leg The units to be used are specified on the Prefere
9. then a simple matter to plot point x on both maps and draw the two lines independently This button on the Route form is used to open the Intersection dialog box It appears between the two idents on a leg If an intersection is defined the button looks like this If you press the button the Intersection dialog box opens The intersection function calculates all of the intersections along the entire Intersection great circle path that is defined by the leg Enter the latitude or longitude an intersecting line The corresponding In the case when you specify latitude there are actually two intersections Iongituces or latitude and thie calculated You need to choose the one that is on the leg that you specified distance to the destination will be 8 y P g calculated In the example shown the great circle that is defined by the path between Rockcliffe and Toronto intersects latitude 44 degrees 30 minutes once iddeg 315min E 3801 9 nm between Rockcliffe and Toronto 77 degrees 46 0 minutes and once again 7 deg 4 min W 87 6nm at 14 degrees 31 5 minutes which is somewhere over the Adriatic Sea In this case it is pretty obvious which is the correct one and you may ask why CoPilot does not automatically choose the correct one Unfortunately there are some cases legs that are almost exactly east or west where the two points are relatively close together and it is not obvious which one is correct
10. CoPilot User s Manual Flight Planning Software for Palm OS Handhelds Laurie J Davis Idavis ieee org Version 4 0 CoPilot User s Manual CoPilot User s Manual Flight Planning Software for Palm OS Handhelds General Description 1 aio eoa hina tee Peter tUe inguiscvsbeesscbsebets noos Eronia 1 CoPilot Component Overview sess en eene tne tene trennen tren reet trennen enne 2 CoPilot Menus hce bt ORA poa en Rel eG 3 EGB FUnCHONS iit ieee Oe our Pee Ie ep ee Oed intr Aes 3 CoPilot Units cono soe oh us Ie e ede eit ere etes 4 Database Entry occ aie ose eoe tee mer ei te nri te t Rt e te greek irte RT tutes 5 Edit Aircraft Form s epeei oeoa uen eon ede Ier et estes eet ere ves 5 Edit Pilot Fortin coh e huele eo bee itte eletto te dote eo D 7 Edit Waypoint Form oec e e eero NEE E EA ee aa EE NE EEEE E E Senden 8 Trip Planing eiie ceo eoe hm epe ret te eee E eme a 9 Flight Description Form 5o eene re ee eite Reste eret e estes eons 9 Route FOIIoaoce eene eere d etit leto luteus e torte ie teteefe ui egt etes es 9 Weisht and Balance Fort ood ert ren Die iere bee e e e 13 Flight Plan FOr seen oet t rer Diete oe ree BERND 13 Cost Estimates 85cm dee e Oo heloteiie tte ebook a iE nete ette tend 14 Panta Sto eno Onde e Diele iet Sea bee E EE ee butt ele tend 15 Intefsections 54 oo ete dee eoe tite tr bate tiokt a e Ed nete ette eee 16 Appendix A Tips amp TACKS a soeben t
11. and the type and equipment field for the V Mode c O RNAY American flight plan O Loran O VFR GPS M IFR GPS Edit Aircraft Sen Cruise Climb equip MERE 2 5 Arm Weight Description 865 1357 0 CoPilot User s Manual The fifth aircraft form WB 1 collects the data required to calculate the weight and balance If the weights are known they should be entered here If the weights are not yet known you enter the data when you prepare the data specific to a particular flight the Weight amp Balance form For example the basic empty weight of the aircraft is known ahead of time but until you plan a specific flight you do not know how many passengers you will have or how much fuel you will carry The weight for fuel pilot passengers baggage etc should therefore be left blank on this form The weights that you enter on this form will be the default values for the Weight amp Balance form therefore you can enter values that are usually correct but may change For example if you normally fly with full fuel you could enter the fuel weight on this form and only change it on the Weight amp Balance form on those occasions when you do not have full fuel The descriptions can be anything you like The description is used to prompt for input when you prepare the weight and balance for a specific flight You must specify the arm for each item In order to conserve entries in this table it may be
12. database which stores information about the aircraft a pilot database which stores information about the pilots and a waypoint database which stores information about points along the route Details on database entry and editing are available in the Database Entry section on page 5 CoPilot is based on the concept of a flight A flight consists of four components a flight description a route a weight and balance calculation and a flight plan Each of these components has an associated form The information that you enter on these forms is automatically stored in the flight database Flight Description E gt The Flight Description form is used to enter basic information about the flight Aircraft and pilot information must have been previously entered into their respective databases in order to have them available for selection on this form see page 5 Database Entry This form also contains buttons to enable you to create a new flight display an existing flight in the database or delete the currently displayed flight from the database Description Rockcliffe to Toronto Island Aircraft w C GXBU Pilot w Davis Laurie Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on page 9 Route gt E The Route form is used to specify the legs of the flight A leg is a Mag Mag segment of the route between two waypoints For each leg the P odi Trk Hdg ETE distance the
13. e effects If indicated temperature is entered CoPilot first rassure mutuae EN X calculates the true temperature by compensating for compressibility Density Altitude 5948 ft True Airspeed 109 2 knots Mach 0 173 True Temp 12 w Indicated Temp ze CoPilot User s Manual Winds Aloft The Options menu also contains a Winds Aloft item The wind speed degrees degrees knots knots Wind Direction 302 degrees Wind Speed 16 knots CoPilot Units Preferences Distance Units w nautical miles Altitude Units w feet Pressure Units w inches of Hg Weight Units pounds Arm Units w inches R C Speed Units w knots Wind Speed Units w knots Climb Rate Units w feet min Fuel Density Units ww Ibs 7 gal LIS and direction is calculated from the true airspeed groundspeed heading and track The Options menu has a Preferences item that opens a form on which you specify the units that are used This form also opens when you first launch the CoPilot application it keeps opening on each launch until you tap the OK button The units that you choose are used to input data and display results The data is actually stored in the databases using a neutral set of units therefore when you change preferences existing data is displayed correctly converted to the new units You can temporarily change the units in order to enter or view data in a set of unit that you ar
14. e not normally using For example let s assume that you normally plan flights with aircraft speed measured in knots You would have the A C Speed Units set to knots in the Preferences form Now you want to add a new aircraft to the database but the manual has all speeds measured in miles per hour Simply set the preferences form to miles per hour A C Speed Units enter the data into the aircraft database and then set the preferences form back to knots If you now look at the data that you just entered in the aircraft database you see that CoPilot displays the data in knots converted properly from the data that you entered The fuel measurement unit is set in the aircraft database rather than the Preference form Since some aircraft measure fuel by volume e g gallons or litres and some aircraft measure fuel by weight e g pounds or kilograms the fuel measurement unit is specified for each aircraft CoPilot User s Manual Database Entry Note required entries are indicated on the database entry forms in bold Edit Aircraft Form There are seven Edit Aircraft subforms The specific subform to be edited is chosen using the buttons at the top of the form Although there is a much data that may be entered most of it is optional The only data that is required is the aircraft ident Gen form and at least one cruise speed Cruise form The units to be used are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu
15. ede ta eet bte repete ond 17 Appendix B Weight amp Balance Database Entry sese 19 Appendix C Sample Alreraft Data eta ete bete ERREUR 20 General Description CoPilot is an application program for Palm OS handhelds that performs flight planning calculations the calculations that you would usually perform with a ruler a protractor and an E6B calculator CoPilot does time distance heading fuel and weight amp balance calculations It prepares flight plans Canadian American and ICAO formats with all the information required when calling the FSS It also has utilities to aid in plotting routes on a map CoPilot stores the flight data so that you can refer back to previous trips or modify them for new trips Install CoPilot by double clicking on the CoPilot prc file and then perform a HotSync CoPilot requires that MathLib be installed on the Palm OS handheld to support trigonometric functions Install MathLib by double clicking on the MathLib prc file and then perform a HotSync Some devices such as the Handspring Visor have MathLib built in therefore it does not need to be installed CoPilot requires Palm OS 3 0 or higher in order to operate and occupies approximately 250K of memory excluding MathLib CoPilot also requires HotSync version 2 1 or higher CoPilot User s Manual CoPilot Component Overview Before planning a flight basic information must be entered into three databases an aircraft
16. enger Rear passenger Bag max 200 Ibs Graph Arm 88 6 1987 For total weight of 1997 Ib min arm 86 0 max arm 96 0 Graph Arm 88 6 1987 Flight Plan Form Flight Plan Rircraft Ident Flight Rules Type of Flight of Aircraft Aircraft Type Wake Turb L Light Equipment VOLG C Dep Ident CYRO Dep Time 15 302 Cruise Speed 120 knots Altitude 1500 Canadian ICAO checked Enter the weight of the various items and the total weight and arm are displayed at the bottom of the form If a weight was entered in the aircraft database it is displayed here as a default value These default weights can be changed for a particular flight The units to be used are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu The graph button opens a window that displays the weight and balance graph The next step in planning a flight is to fill in a Flight Plan form You can specify whether you wish the flight plan to be filled in Canadian American or ICAO standard formats CoPilot partially completes the flight plan with information specified on other forms The items that need to be added are underlined e g Dep Time Some of these items can be changed but default values are entered e g Flight Rules VFR These default values are sticky they are saved in the pilot database therefore the default is the last value that was entered for the pilot 13 Cost Estima
17. ep Time 15 302 page 9 Cruise Speed 120 knots Altitude 1500 Canadian ICAO CoPilot User s Manual CoPilot Menus There are several menus used by CoPilot The key one is the Record menu The Record menu has items to add edit aircraft pilots and waypoints These menu items open the associated database entry forms The database entry forms are described in detail in the Database Entry section see page 5 CEZ Edit Flight Options New Aircraft Edit Aircraft Send Aircraft Edit Pilot Send Pilot New Waypoint Edit Waypoint Send Waypoint The edit items open dialog boxes with a list of the items in the database For example the Edit Aircraft item opens a dialog box with a list of all the aircraft in the aircraft database When you select one of the aircraft the data entry form for the specified aircraft opens The Record menu also has items to send aircraft pilots and waypoints to another Palm handheld The method of sending will depend on the configuration of your Palm handheld but beaming via the infrared port is usually available The Edit menu provides the basic Palm edit commands Cut Copy Paste Undo and Select All It also provides items to display the keyboard and the Graffiti help screen A simple calculator is also provided on the Edit menu If a number is highlighted when the calculator is opened the calculator is
18. extra time is added for the climb In practice this is not a big problem since you can easily add an estimate of climb time CoPilot does not perform descent calculations it assumes that you descend at cruise speed Edit Aircraft cime PLAE Climb Performance Altitude Rate Speed w Fuel Flow 18 0 There are cases when you may wish to use a different climb profile for different parts of the climb For example high power for the first part of the climb and then a lower power for the remainder of the climb CoPilot can accommodate two climb profiles If you repeat an altitude two equations are calculated The first equation is used when climbing below the repeated altitude and the second equation is used when climbing above the repeated altitude In the example shown a linear equation is calculated for climbs below 10 000 feet linear since two data points are given and a quadratic equation is calculated for climbs above 10 000 feet quadratic since more than two data points are given The fourth aircraft form Equip collects the data that is used to prepare the flight plan This form is used to indicate the equipment that is installed and Edit Rircraft Gen ferus cime PSI TTWE2 9 Communication Navigation certified if required in the aircraft f VHF f VOR Transponder O ADF CoPilot uses this data to determine the COM NAV SSR suffixes for the D Mode Ux ICAO or Canadian flight plan
19. fferent for the two legs therefore the time to climb is different Mag Mag Dist Trk Hdg ETE CYRO OF 1944 251 YTZ 3c 1944 064 CYRO LJ 3957gd 3888 318 i Gnd Spd Alt fic Fuel CYRO 3x 107 1500 571 YOW 3 9 112 6500 3903 CYTZ 20 6 gal 1 3 17 7 A oeoa m d This example looks similar to the previous one but there is one key difference In this example there is not a blank leg between the two legs therefore it is assumed that this is one flight It is assumed that you fly over CYTZ and return to CYRO If the altitude of the second leg is higher than the first leg the time to climb to the second altitude is calculated The time to descend to a lower altitude or to land is not calculated since it is assumed that you descend at cruise speed You can customize the Route form to display many different pieces of data Tap on the column header to select the data that you would like to display Why is the fuel total in the bottom left corner more that the fuel for the legs The Start Taxi fuel that was specified in the aircraft database is added each time the aircraft takes off The Route form has a Route menu with an item to reverse the entire route 12 CoPilot User s Manual Weight and Balance Form Wee gt ease Once the flight route has been planned the weight and balance can be Weight Basic empty Fuel max 50 gal Pilot Front passenger Rear pass
20. ify the date using the date selector button The date is used to calculate sunrise and sunset times The default is today s date Note Enter any other information that you would like to save regarding the flight This field is solely for your convenience If you wish to create a new flight the New button clears the form in preparation for entering the information for a new flight The flight that is currently displayed is saved in the flight database assuming that the required fields are filled in Hew Select If you wish to view or change an existing flight use the Select button to retrieve the information from the database This button opens a dialog box with a list of all the flights that are stored in the database a list of the flight descriptions The flight that you select is displayed If you wish to delete the flight that is currently displayed use the Delete button This button clears the form and removes the displayed flight from the database There is no Undo function but you are asked to confirm the deletion The Flight Description form has a Flight menu with an item to duplicate the entire flight Route Form Route F2 The next step is to plan the route A route is a set of legs A leg is a segment Mag Mag of the flight from one waypoint to another Dist Trk Hdg ETE n Each blank button on the left side of the form corresponds to a leg of the flight To add a
21. initialized with the number If the cursor is in a data field when the calculator is opened the result of the calculation can be put into the field with the Paste button The Flight Description form has a special Flight menu with an item to duplicate an entire flight an item to estimate the cost of the flight and an item to print the flight information The Route form has a special Route menu with an item to reverse the route The Edit Aircraft forms have a special Aircraft menu with an item to duplicate an entire aircraft entry The Options menu contains an About CoPilot item a Database Info item and a Waypoint Info item E6B Functions ETE The Options menu contains a Cross Wind item Enter the wind direction speed and runway and the crosswind and headwind components knots are calculated Magnetic Variance West add to get magnetic East subtract to get magnetic Crosswind 8 knots Y Headwind 9 knots DA amp TAS The Options menu also contains a Density Alt amp True Airspeed item Enter the altitude and pressure and the pressure altitude is calculated Enter Altitude ft vien 7 Pressure inHg the indicated airspeed and the true airspeed and mach number are calculated Indicated Airspeed 100 knots if the temperature has not yet been entered a standard lapse rate is assumed Enter the true temperature and the airspeed is corrected for temperatur
22. magnetic track the magnetic heading and the estimated time 3 106 278 279 007 enroute are displayed The waypoints must have been previously entered into YOW the waypoint database in order to make then available for display on this Qp 50 243 252 1423 form see page 5 Database Entry Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on C3 page 9 ww 20 6 gal 195 6 1 49 Weight amp Balance gt T fa The Weight amp Balance form is used to calculate and plot the aircraft Weight weight and balance The aircraft specific data must have been Basic empty 1357 previously entered into the aircraft database see page 5 Database Entry Fuel max 50 gal Pilot Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on Front passenger page 9 Rear passenger Rear passenger Bag max 200 Ibs Rrm 88 6 1987 Flight Plan I E The Flight Plan form is used to collect the data that is required when Aircraft Ident calling the FSS to file a flight plan It supports the standard ICAO Flight Rules flight plan format as well as the Canadian and American formats Most of the liii ds form is automatically generated using information from the aircraft database Aircraft Type the pilot database and the Route form Wake Turb L Light Equipment VOLG C Dep Ident CYRO Detail on the use of this form is provided in the Trip Planning section on D
23. nces form see Options menu If the altitude is not entered it is assumed to be zero sea level cruise performance is used and there is no time and fuel calculations performed for the climb phase If the wind is not entered it is assumed to be zero If the pressure is not entered it is assumed to be 29 92126 the pressure altitude is the same as the specified altitude If the temperature is not entered it is assumed to be the ICAO standard temperature for the specified altitude the density altitude is the same as the pressure altitude If this leg of the route is on a published airway the airway can be entered e g V 123 This information is used to prepare the route description in the flight plan The page up down buttons can be used to display the previous next leg of a route The page up down buttons are the built in buttons below the screen of the Palm handheld When a page up down button is pressed the data for the currently visible leg is saved if both waypoints were specified before the new leg is displayed Route gt gt EZ Enter up to 20 legs as required to complete the flight The distance for each Mag Mag leg is displayed along with the magnetic track the magnetic heading and the Dist Trk Hdg ETE estimated time enroute The total distance fuel consumption and total ETE are also displayed The fuel in the bottom left corner includes the start taxi YO fuel the fuel used for the climb and the crui
24. ots Cruise GS 112 knots Altitude 6500 ft Pressure Alt 6631 ft Density Alt 3903 ft Fuel 17 7 gal Airway Climb Dist 7 9 nm Time to Climb 7 15 CoPilot User s Manual If the From and To waypoints are the same CoPilot considers this a ground leg The duration of this ground leg is added to the total ETE for the flight If this ground leg is in the middle of a route the route description in the flight plan will indicate a stopover e The tiny button between legs of a route can be used to modify the route The button opens a form that allows you to choose among deleting the selected waypoint changing the selected waypoint or inserting a new waypoint before the selected waypoint When inserting a new waypoint the Mid button will display the twenty waypoints that are nearest a midpoint of the leg The midpoint is the specified percentage of the way from the previous waypoint to the selected waypoint If you tap one of the idents on the Route form a window opens that displays some useful information about the waypoint The sunrise and sunset times are specified as UTC time and are valid for the date specified for the flight The Morse code for the ident is also displayed After the Morse code any information that was entered into the Waypoint Note field of the waypoint database is displayed see page 8 Edit Waypoint Form Tap anywhere to return to the Route form If y
25. ou tap one of the lines of leg information on the Route form a window opens that displays the details of the leg calculations Tap anywhere to return to the Route form 11 Mag Mag Dist Trk Hdg CYRO 3 1944 251 253 CYTZ cYTZ GF I 1944 064 062 CYRO 38 6 gal 388 8 1 48 TE 1 34 v 22 CoPilot User s Manual This example explains some of the calculations The first leg is from CYRO to CYTZ and the second leg is from CYTZ to CYRO A blank leg separates the two legs therefore the legs are treated as two independent flights It is assumed that you land in CYTZ and take off again therefore the second leg includes a calculation of the time to climb out of CYTZ The start taxi fuel is included twice in the total fuel consumption The distances are the same but there are different times for the two legs The ETE for the first leg is 1 48 and the ETE for the second leg is 1 34 The most obvious reason for the difference is the wind The first leg has a headwind and the return leg has a tailwind There are three other possible contributors to the difference First the pressure and temperature may be different for the two legs Differences in pressure or temperature affect the density altitude and therefore the cruise speed Second the altitude may be different for the two legs This affects both the time to climb and the cruise speed Third the starting altitude elevation of the departure point is di
26. pplication installed on your Palm handheld to support this capability Currently supported applications are PalmPrint http www stevenscreek com TealPrint http www tealpoint com You can also send the print output to the clipboard or directly to a Memo Rockcliffe to Toronto Island Aircraft C GXBU Pilot Davis Laurie Date Sat Jan 12 2002 Dist MagTrk TAS ETE TrueTrk Press Alt MagHdg GS Fuel Wind Temp CYRO 10 6 278 1413 0 07 264 29 78 1500 279 107 NS 270 10 3 YOW 185 0 249 120 1 42 235 29 78 6500 252 112 LT 7 270 10 20 CYTZ There are a few restrictions regarding how you set up the printing software e The font that you select must be a fixed pitch font such as Courier e There must be at least 58 characters available to print on each line There are a few restrictions for TealPrint e You must select Print as Text e You must select eject paper after printing in the Text Options or only the first page will print 15 CoPilot User s Manual Intersections When plotting a trip route on a map a leg may cross from one map to another CoPilot provides an intersection function that makes plotting across maps very simple The first step is to find a longitude or latitude that is common to both maps In the example shown latitude A is common to both maps When this latitude is entered into the intersection function for this leg the corresponding longitude for point x is calculated It is
27. re included in the total cost If you enter the cost of fuel fuel units as specified in the aircraft database the cost of the fuel is added to the total cost A checkbox is provided so that you can include exclude the fuel cost without having to enter remove the cost value In the example the cost is estimated at 40 per hour times 1 49 72 46 plus 8 per takeoff times one takeoff 8 plus 4 per gallon of fuel times 20 6 gallons 82 4 for a total cost of 162 75 Note that the numbers on the individual items on the Route form are rounded off for display but the total is calculated using the more exact numbers for example the time for the flight is actually 1 48 41 8 but 1 49 is displayed on the Route form Flight Cost The other lines are used to enter other costs and specify how they are ac M Time O Dist v T O Costs 72 46 0 00 8 00 M Fuel 4 00 crs _ per gal QW per hour w per flight i w of subtotal x UM 483 61 measured The of Subtotal item may be used to add taxes or other overheads In the example the total cost is increased by 5 A blank selection in the popup will cause this entry to be ignored without having to erase the description and cost value 14 CoPilot User s Manual Printing CoPilot has a facility for printing flight information on IR Infra Red equipped printers There is a Print item on the Flight menu You must have a third party print a
28. roll buttons the information about the leg altitude wind pressure temperature is saved The next time you are in the Leg Edit dialog box you can paste this information into the new leg by using the Previous button This button is only visible if information has been saved You can use a combination of the last two tips to quickly change the leg information altitude wind pressure and temperature for an entire trip Open the first leg and enter the data Use the page down button to go to the next leg Tap the Previous button to update the second leg with the data from the first leg Keep doing this until all of the legs have been updated You can also use the leg scrolling feature to quickly enter an initial route After entering the first leg instead of tapping the OK button use the page down button to scroll to the next leg and enter the next waypoint and leg data with the Previous button Continue in this manner until the entire route is entered You can swap the To and From waypoints in the Leg Edit dialog box by using the Swap button This button is only visible if the waypoints can be swapped without affecting the adjacent legs If the From and To waypoints are the same the leg is considered a ground leg and the duration of the stop can be entered Edit Waypoint form 31 32 Latitude and longitude on the Waypoint Edit form can be entered in se
29. rvice ceiling is defined as the altitude at which the climb speed drops to 100 ft min If two altitudes are entered it is assumed that the values change linearly between sea level and the service ceiling If more than two altitudes are entered the program fits a quadratic curve to the points given and performs the calculations by integrating the appropriate curves It is very important to include a wide range of altitudes The time to climb and the fuel to climb are calculated by integrating the equations that are derived from the data It is important that the data is provided for a full range of altitudes from sea level to the service ceiling A wide range of data results in the most accurate mathematical model of the aircraft performance Edit Aircraft ges vez 5 Climb Performance Altitude Rate Speed w Fuel Flow Q 750 74 16 E You have the option of entering fuel as Fuel Flow which is the flow rate e g in gallons per hour when climbing through the specified altitude or Fuel Used which is the amount of fuel e g in gallons required to climb to the specified altitude Most light aircraft manuals specify the amount of fuel required to climb to various altitudes The additional fuel used for climbing is calculated If the information is not supplied the cruise fuel flow is used for the climb If this data is not provided the leg times assume that you are already at the cruising altitude i e no
30. s You can delete a waypoint by tapping on the tiny button before the waypoint 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 CoPilot User s Manual You can change a waypoint by tapping on the tiny button before the waypoint You can insert a new waypoint before an existing waypoint by tapping on the tiny button before the existing waypoint Tap on an ident on the Route form to see more information about the waypoint If the waypoint information has scrollbars you can use the page up down buttons to scroll by one page Tap on a line of leg information on the Route form to see more information about the leg The page up down buttons will scroll to the previous next leg You can configure any of the columns on the Route form by tapping on the column header and choosing what you wish to display You can reverse the direction of an entire route by using the Reverse Route menu item on the Route menu Edit Leg form 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 When you are entering an ident into the Leg Edit form you can stop when you have entered enough letters to uniquely identify the waypoint You know you have entered enough letters when the correct waypoint description appears In the Leg Edit dialog box you can use the page up down buttons to switch to the previous or next leg When you tap the OK button in the Leg Edit dialog box or scroll to the another leg with the sc
31. se fuel 3 9 185 0 249 252 oe You can edit the route by tapping on any of the leg buttons to add a new leg or edit an existing one You can also move legs around by pressing on one of the buttons and dragging it to another position CoPilot only allows you to drag a leg to a valid position For example you can only place a leg directly after another leg if the To waypoint of the earlier leg is the same as the From waypoint of the later leg If you are dragging buttons around to rearrange a flight the screen scrolls as the stylus is moved to the top or bottom of the screen C ET Oy 106 278 279 007 W 1 4 20 6 gal 195 6 1 4 2 9 A value of in the ETE field indicates that there was not enough time to climb to the specified altitude The usual solution is to reduce the altitude for the leg in question You can use the scroll bar or the page up down buttons to scroll the form The page up down buttons are the built in buttons below the screen of the Palm handheld 10 Edit Leg 3 From CYTZ Toronto Island To CYTZ Toronto Island This is a ground leg You can specify a time for this leg that will be added to the total ETE Existing waypoint will be moved down CYRO Rockcliffe Jan 12 2002 Lon 75 38 8 W Sunrise 12 41 Z Sunset 21 42 Z Lat 45 27 6 N Elevation 188 ft Runways 09 27 Route gt From Ottawa VOR To Toronto Island True Track 235 Cruise TAS 120 kn
32. t consists of four components a flight description a route a weight and balance calculation and a flight plan The information entered is stored in a flight database The navigation buttons at the top of the screen are used to navigate among the four components of the flight Flight Description Form Flight Description B Copilot opens to the Flight Description form This form is used to specify ee some of the basic elements of a flight Description Rockcliffe to Toronto Island Aircraft w C GXBU Pilot Davis Laurie Description Enter text to identify this particular flight When you later want to select an existing flight from the flight database the Select button presents you with a list of descriptions Since this field is used to identify flights in the database it is a required field all required fields are shown in bold Aircraft Use this popup menu to select an aircraft for the flight CoPilot maintains a ane ELON specific to particular ea in order to calculate performance weight and balance etc Aircraft data must be entered into the database before flight planning can begin see Database Entry on page 5 This is also a required field The default value is the last aircraft that you selected Pilot Use this popup menu to select a pilot This field is optional The information is used to prepare the flight plan The default value is the last pilot that you selected Date Spec
33. t entered the elevation is assumed to be zero sea level The units to be used are specified on the Preferences form see Options menu There are two categories of waypoints system waypoints and user waypoints System waypoints are typically waypoints that are downloaded into CoPilot User waypoints are waypoints that have been manually added When a new downloaded database is installed all of the system waypoints are replaced with the new data but the user waypoints are preserved You are free to specify any waypoint as either system or user but it is highly recommended that you follow the convention of using system waypoints strictly for downloaded databases When searching for waypoints CoPilot looks for user waypoints before it looks for system waypoints The Note button opens the Waypoint Note form Edit Waypoint Waypoint The Waypoint Note form is used to store data about the waypoint The Waypoint Note Gy data on this form is displayed in the Waypoint Info window that is opened when the waypoint ident on the Route form is tapped see page 9 Route Form Waypoints can be entered manually into CoPilot or downloaded from the internet There are currently two sources for CoPilot waypoint databases http xcski com ptomblin CoPilot or http www flightdatasystems com CoPilot User s Manual Trip Planning CoPilot is structured around the concept of a flight A fligh
34. tes Edit Aircraft Gen ferus Cimb Equip We 1 2 This data is used to estimate the cost of a flight in this aircraft Time 40 00 per hour Distance eee per nm Legs 3 00 per takeoff pum 0 ac M Time O Dist V T O Costs 72 46 0 00 8 00 M Fuel 400 per gal v v v v v Y 162 75 CoPilot User s Manual CoPilot has a facility for estimating the cost of a flight For each aircraft you can enter the cost per hour the cost per unit distance as specified on the Preferences form and or the cost per takeoff In the example the estimated cost of this aircraft is 40 per hour plus 8 per takeoff The time used to calculate the per hour cost of the flight is the time in the air If you want to include other engine on time in the costs use the per takeoff field In the example it is assumed that the engine will be on for an additional 0 2 hours per flight so this amount was added per takeoff On the Gen form you specified the amount of fuel required for Start Taxi This covers the additional fuel that is used per takeoff Once you have specified the aircraft you can estimate the cost for the flight using the Flight Cost form see Options menu on the Flight Description form At the top of the form you can select which items from the aircraft database you wish to include In the example both the cost per hour and the cost per takeoff a
35. unit distance distance unit as specified on the Preferences form and or an amount per takeoff On the Flight Cost form see Cost Estimates on page 14 you select which of these amounts is included in the cost of a particular flight Edit Pilot The Edit Pilot form collects the data that is used to complete the flight Last Name Davis plan All of this information is optional but if a pilot is added to the database the minimum information required is the last name CoPilot User s Manual Edit Waypoint Form Edit Waypoint Waypoint The Edit Waypoint form collects the data for waypoints that are used in System Waypoint flight planning Ident Name F Latitude Latitude and longitude can be entered either as degree minute second or as decimal values For example the latitude at Rockcliffe in this example could also have been entered as 45 4603 degrees or as 45 degrees and 27 62 Longitude minutes Regardless of how they are entered the latitude and longitude are always displayed in degree minute second format Mag Var Elevation There is a Base on Radial Distance menu item on the Waypoint menu ft that allows you to specify the waypoint as a radial and distance from a waypoint that is already in the database The magnetic variance is used to calculate the magnetic heading for the flight The elevation is used to calculate the time to climb If it is no
36. veral ways For example 45 degrees 27 minutes 35 seconds could also have been entered as 45 degrees 27 62 minutes or as 45 4603 degrees There is a Base on Radial Distance menu item on the Waypoint menu of the Edit Waypoint form that allows you to specify the waypoint as a radial and distance from any waypoint that is already in the database 18 CoPilot User s Manual Edit Aircraft form 33 You can duplicate an aircraft by using the Duplicate Aircraft menu item on the Aircraft menu of the Edit Aircraft form Appendix B Weight amp Balance Database Entry CoPilot plots the weight and balance curves with arm on the horizontal axis and weight on the vertical axis If your aircraft manual presents the data in this format you simply transfer the data directly into the WB 2 form The appropriate graph in Cessna manuals is usually called Center of Gravity Limits and the arm is referred to as Center of Gravity Location The Cirrus manuals refer to the graph as Weight amp Center of Gravity Envelope and they refer to arm as Fuselage Station or FS n 3 S a o c S on A z In the example shown the normal curve consists of points A B C D and E while the utility curve consists of points Arm inches A B F G and H This is an example the curves for your aircraft may be a completely different shape with a different number of points
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