Electronic versions of the User Manual can be downloaded
Contents
1. Elevation E Tree species ae suitability Windiness en te E ESC yield Continentality EO COSE AE prediction SITE Soil type CLASSIFICATION Native SITE TYPE woodland Soil Moisture Regime suitability H TT y Fel tr r Tr k j ng oepin Storm CKT Soil Nutrient Regime Figure 1 A schematic representation of required user inputs EC factors and outputs from the CLIMADAPT DSS The ESC approach describes the response of all major forest species in Ireland and the UK to four climatic factors warmth accumulated temperature AT droughtiness i e moisture deficit MD wind exposure and continentality CT based on Delphi models see Pyatt et al 2001 for definitions The suitability class Very Suitable Suitable or Unsuitable of different tree species was linked to each of the climatic factors and to two soil quality factors representing soil wetness soil moisture regime SMR and soil fertility soil nutrient regime SNR 1 0 1 0 very suitable 0 8 very suitable z 0 6 g o suitable z 0 6 suitable 0 4 not suitable o 0 4 0 2 0 2 nol suitable 0 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 0 2 4 686 8 10 12 14 16 18 Accumulated Degrees gt 5 deg C Continentality 1 0 1 0 0 8 very suitable 0 8 very suitable G 0 6 suitable a 0 6 suitable 0 4 0 4 nol suitable 0 2 not suitable 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 2 4 6 8 10 Moisture deficit mm Soil Moi2. CLIMADAPT is a web based decision support system for guidance on forest species suitability under current and future climate change scenarios The CLIMADAPT project was funded by COFORD Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine A Department of W Agriculture yz Food and the Marine An Roinn Talmhaiochta Bia agus Mara Developed by Forest Research UK in collaboration with FERS Ltd and Met Eireann Introduction Matching well suited tree species to different site types is the first and most fundamental step of sustainable forest management Ecological Site Classification ESC has in the past provided support on ecological suitability analysis and site yield estimation for forest managers in other countries and more recently has been used to consider changes in suitability and yield resulting from different climate change scenario projections The objective is to provide decision support to forest managers and policy makers using soil and climatic information for Ireland that can be used to assess changes in species suitability and yield resulting from different climate scenarios Future projections suggest that both medium low and medium high scenarios for green house gas emissions will induce warmer drier summers in the south and east of Ireland This may affect growth and yield for drought sensitive species such as spruce beech and ash This will allow wide access use and application to practitioners in Ireland providing inf
3. Continentality 3 1 DAMS 16 9 Moisture Deficit 113 4 Soil Moisture Regime Very Moist Soil Nutrient Regime Very Poor Figure 19 the pdf results page The information listed includes site name co ordinates easting and north and climatic factors for the default climate i e the current climate 2050 a2 Figure 20 2050 b1 and 2080 a2 Climatic factors include 15 e Accumulated temperature in this case 1840 day degrees above 5 deg C e Continentality 3 5 in this case sites with values greater that 1 are inland Sites far in land have values of 7 e DAMS 16 9 indicative of moderate exposure higher values indicate higher exposure e Moisture deficit 9999 means surplus water Deficit values are positive and vary from O to 400 mm e SNR and SMR using the selected definition option A to D see section 2 2 e The method used to calculate the SNR and SMR are show above the species suitability data see Figure 21 2050 b1 Prediction Accumulated 1840 5 Moisture Deficit 9999 0 Soil Moisture Regime Summer Very Wet Winter Wet Soil Nutrient Regime Summer Very Poor Winter Very Poor Figure 20 Climatic reports for future climate Calculated Values Default Climate Soil Moisture Regime Summer Wet Winter Wet Derived from soil factors Soil Nutrient Regime summer Very Poor Winter Very Poor Derived from vegetation Species Suitability Common Name AT MD DAMS CON SMR SMR SNR SNRs Suitabilit iie
4. 2050 Environmantal Factors z 2080 Environmental Factors F AT 3 Az e 3 3 Using the mosaic function 23 This function is use full if you wish to display the environmental facto together with a satellite map of the same area To do this click Add mosaics and explore to the region of interest B Clmacapt Masila Fretar ms re Ele Edit Wew Higeey Booeraks Toots Help eg Cimadapt Aihe ferns of Britain and ketan Ow m n a oth DI E165 27 aL climate chent C madapt cient htm tr BE oo Po t 24 References Black et al 2010 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptive Strategies Journal of Irish Forestry 67 125 139 Cajander A K 1926 The theory of forest types Acta Forestalia Fennica 29 1 108 Ellenberg H 1988 Vegetation ecology of Central Europe Cambridge University Press Cambridge Farrelly et al 2009a The use of site factors and site classification methods for the assessment of site quality and forest productivity in Ireland Irish Forestry 66 21 39 Farrelly et al 2009b The distribution and productivity of Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis in Ireland in relation to site soil and climatic factors Irish Forestry 66 51 74 Horgan T Keane M McCarthy R Lally M and Thompson D 2004 A Guide to Forest Tree Species Selection and Silviculture in Ireland Second Edition Ed J O Carroll Coford Dublin Kennedy F 2002 Identification of soils for forest management Forestry om
5. 82 165 27 141 climadapt_client index jsp IKevinBlack ERAN Submit Register Figure 4 The logon page Note Ensure that pop ups are not blocked on your browser or that the antivirus does not block the execution of the web application This can be done by changing your browser options go to help for the specific browser you are using Also depending on the speed of your DNS line response times may be slow so be patient Section 2 Stand analysis The stand analysis window opens once you have logged on The window has 4 menus on the top right of the screen a Site b Stand c Delete and d Report The Spatial analysis can be selected on the bottom left of the screen see section 2 EE aI Bi Cerrada Manca Tati mx be Dd Yew Hamy jomai Joo Help Visser Tati Cmadagt Jt Stand Analysis reari z Eemia Figure 5 The webpage after logon is completed 2 1 Adding a site Click lt site gt and lt add site gt A google map will appear Enlarge to required scale click on the or icon or move map using direction icon see red circle Figure 6 The enlarged map below show a site selected in Cloosh forest e Select site with mouse or enter grid reference e Click OK e When the site has been selected a red arrow will indicate the site and a grid reference Stand Analysis Figure 6 Selection of your site Now expand the Stand analysis directory i e click in the plus icon next
6. Brown podzolic Podzol These soils are subject to intense leaching of minerals particularly iron and aluminium and are formed from acidic parent materials Figure 7 They have a distinct sequence of horizons with a subsurface layer of removal the A2 horizon and subsurface layer of accumulation B horizon Due to severe leaching of iron and cementation some podzols may develop a thin impervious iron pan in theB horizon They may have a peaty surface layer of less than 30 cm drained or 45 cm undrained and are located on mountain and hill land where the high rainfall is a major factor in their development They occupy approximately 896 of the land of the country v Figure 7 Podzol left and Peaty podzol right 28 Gley This group contains soils in which the effects of drainage impedance dominate Figure 8 They develop under conditions of permanent or intermittent waterlogging The mineral horizons of Gleys are grey or blue grey in colour with distinct rusty mottling frequently evident Rooting depth is usually limited aeration is poor and rate of organic matter decomposition is slow The impeded condition may be due to a high water level seepage or springs or it may be due to the impervious nature of the parent material Gleys occupy approximately 2296 of the land area of Ireland Figure 8 Gley Rendzina These are well drained shallow mineral soils Figure 9 They are very dark in colour with a high lime content
7. Lj a Lj a Corsican pine Figure 21 Methods used to calculate SNR and SMR and list of species suitability under the selected climate scenario current climate in this example 16 Common Alder Ash Aspen Beech Corsican pine Dougias fir Downy birch European larch Japanese larch Lodgepole pine Norway spruce Suitability aoi Section 3 Spatial analysis Species Yield Pred Yield 3 57 2 97 7 93 5 83 12 44 11 37 6 85 6 66 10 22 12 68 12 86 Limiting dams snr snr dams smr dams dams dams dams dams snr 3 1 Navigating to the area of interest for your study Click on Spatial analysis at bottom left of screen fir mn nia Tn teo Dimen C 2848216577141 Stand Analysis Tis ihar E nepi 4o T r e E 7 E om ariari 4 r 17 Bb Climadape Marita Firefox Be Edit View Hune Bookmarks ooh Help Chmadagt B The ems ot Britain ase brelan a 8215527 14L1 cima J n Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis dengan aim mm 7 pu Ao a enje ried Mire Pritabio vermon Baseline Environmental Factors Cui d Laud d 2a e ame viral 4 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors Mosaics Acti binim a Select on Google hybrid to show roads and towns not all town and viliges are shown but these can be used as a guide to locate your site b Adjust scale and location to clearly show your area of in
8. blanket peat Rooting Depth on oe Stoniness o a h DHA VP P R VR c Figure 11 Changing rooting depth stoniness and manual adjustment of SNR or SMR h The rooting depth default value 30 cm for this soil type can be changes to the value obtained following your field visit In this case we selected 20cm because the soil was very wet and evidence on site form blown trees suggests a rooting depth of 20cm Figure 11 step h The stoniness value of 0 for this soil was deemed to be correct so this value was not changed Stoniness for some soils such a Lithosols for example can be very high default is 15 i The SMR or SNR can be manually changed by dragging the scale to the desired level depending on fertilisation or cultivation of the site To run results click on the results box in the right hand panel You will now notice that prediction of species suitability is much better When you compare figure 9a to Figure 12 you can see that only Lodgepole pine is very suitable for this site as expected The default method suggests that Sitka spruce was also very suitable which in unlikely figure 9a 10 aba Sismi Darie Hapri Figure 12 Results of the Cloosh site following user defined classification of soils type and mod ification of SMR and SNR 2 2 3 Option C Specify Soil Quality This option can be used if the user cannot visit the site and does not know the soil type rooting depth etc but
9. is likely that ash for example might not be suitable if there is no sign of these species in the landscape 2 2 4 1 A guide to vegetation surveys Care should be taken when characterising vegetation because some species may occur on site temporality due to soils disturbance so it is best to note as many species as possible with the relative ground cover in several quadrants 1 m Try to identify different common patches where the vegetation populations are slightly different i e different releves but they are well representative of vegetation on site It is much easier to identify species when they are in flower because most identification key use flower structure as the main guide For these reasons it is best to conduct surveys in Summer or autumn Where there is no vegetation cover in the forest understory it is best to conduct a survey close to the site where soils are the same The vegetation survey requires rather specialised knowledge but with a good field guide book and some practise you can get good at species identification The following field guide books are recommended e Rose 2006 The Wild Flower Key How to identify wild flowers trees and scrubs in Britain and Ireland Penguin Books ISBN 13 978 0 7232 5175 0 e Webb et al 1996 An Irish Flora 7 ed Dundalgan Press IBN 0 85221 131 7 e Page 1997 The Ferns of Britain and Ireland Cambridge Press ISBN 0 521 58658 5 For example assume you conducted a survey on the s
10. pine dama norway spruce MENO ane Pedunculale oak unsuitable 3 dams R d Cedar dams Scots pina eon Sessile wak 4 dama Silver birch i 6 dama susp ME dams Sweat chesinut unsuitable 2 sn Sycamore unsuitable 5 on Western hemlock unsuitabla 10 dams Hip Meb AIO Diem Det H Ras rogi every wd FiEium ery I Figure 8c Species suitability for the Cloosh site under future climate change by 2050 assuming the A1 scenario Interpretation of results Species suitability Species suitability under the selected climate scenario recorded as very suitable suitable or not suitable in the text in the SUITABLILTY column in the results panel The LIMITING factor is also shown in the adjacent column In this example Figure 8a Alder is not suitable and the limiting factor is DAMS wind and exposure The suitability of species with regards to the ecological site classification ESC factors i e AT DAMS MD SMR SNR and CT are also shown as very suitable dark green suitable light green or not suitable white The example shown in figure 8a relates to the current climate Future suitability can be displayed by changing the climate scenario in the results box in the right hand panel of the stand analysis window Figure 8c You will now notice that some species will not be suitable under future climate although they are suitable under the current climate Periods up to 2050 or 2080 can be selected for these analyses There are a range of scena
11. productivity IN contract to the site specific analysis this provides regional spatial data for the entire area under observation at a resolution defined by the user For example spatial analysis can be conducted on a country scale of for a specific area forest Spatial functionality id provided for regional planning or development of other DSS The functionality is supported by GIS databases located on the host server E E E How does ESC work Forest growth function and productivity are influenced not only by climate but by the interaction of climate soil type and site specific factors Horgan et al 2004 Site classification systems which have been used in Scandinavia Cajander 1926 and central Europe Ellenberg 1988 to describe forest cover of regions use biophysical variables describing site and climatic characteristics An ecological site classification system ESC has been developed for Ireland Ray et al 2009 based on a similar GIS system for the UK Ray 2001 Ray et al 2003 This system is also used to assess the impacts of projected climate change scenarios based on Met Eireann projections on species suitability Multi factor forest site classification system use inputs to characterise biotic and abiotic influences on tree growth which are then used to provide support on selection species according to site type Figure 1 INPUTS ESC FACTORS OUTPUTS Grid Reference l Accumulated temperature Moisture deficit
12. site are not considered when the default option is used It is recommended that the default option is used as a last resource and results should be interpreted cautiously It is always better to conduct a site visit and collect information outlines in options B below for a more accurate assessment of species suitability and potential yield 2 2 2 Option B Define soils type Soil type is one of the most important indicators of suitability particularly in relation to SMR These can be beater defined for the site in question if the soil type is known together with information of rooting depth and stoniness This method provides the best indicator for SMR Although SNR is more accurately depicted using option B analysis of vegetation on site is the best to characterise SNR see option D The identification of soils requires a bit of training and experience Appendix 2 provides a basic guide to soils types using descriptions used in the National Forest Inventory Soil scientists will always recommend digging a soil pit to view the soil profile before identification is attempted To save time look for exposed profiles near drains road cuttings or uprooted trees This can be useful to identify spatial variations in soils on the site if a layer from the profile is cleaned off with a spade along various points If no soil profiles are visible on site a soil auger may be used If you are feeling extremely energetic dig a 1 m soil pit Please refer to t
13. the first releve plot place the curser in the open window and start typing the genus you will notice a list appears and it updates as you type the species name e g Calluna vulgarus for Cloosh Select the species and it will appear under the species list in releve 1 Figure 15 Now enter the percentage cover 20 using this example The SNR bar on the slide rule above the species window may change if a species indicative of a different SNR is entered VP P M R VR c A Call AddReleve Delete mu calitriche butis Ei Callitriche brutia cover N Add Releve Delete Callitriche hamulata 10 r Callitriche hermaphroditica 5 ppeoss Releve 1 cover Callitriche obtusangula is Calluna vulgaris 20 x Callitriche platycarpa 20 Callitriche stagnalis 10 Callitriche truncata Calluna vulgaris Figure 15 Entering species and cover for different releves on the site d Enter all the species identified in all of the releves in the site If a species does not occur in a specific releve enter the 96 cover as 0 It is not always possible to identify all the species so the cover does not have to add to 100 Also in some cases there may be patches with no cover e Todelete an incorrect species entry highlight the entry and click Delete f Toaddareleve simple select Add Releve and filling the 96 cover of species entered By the end your screen should look like the table show
14. they do have information on soil nutrient status and moisture based on previous observation laboratory results archived data from the site For this option the SNR or SMR can be selected from a drop down list using expert judgement or the soil characteristic figure shown in Appendix A To utilise option C a Select the Stand menu in the Stand analysis menu and select Specify Soil Quality from the drop down menu Figure 13 An extra box called Specified Soil Quality will appear b Besure to select the SNR and SMR toggle button in this box if option C is to be used You will notice the appearance of 2 drop down box lists in the left panel Figure 13 These can be selected to best characterise the soils c Runthe results as before and note the difference in the predicted outputs Stand Analysis Ste Stand Delete Report Figure 13 Specification of soil quality using option C 2 2 4 Option D Specify vegetation The best way to characterise the SNR on a site is to conduct a vegetation survey Because this option does not modify SMR it is best to use option B in combination with option D for SNR The presence of certain key species is directly related to the soil nutrient status For example 11 Calluna vulgaris is often an indicator of poor SNR while species such as Geranium robertianum herb Robert are indicators of good fertile soils Take particular care noting trees in adjacent forest sites or hedgerows It
15. Derived from limestone bedrock or limestone sands and gravels such as eskers they are less than 50 cm in depth Gotord 2007 Figure 9 Rendzinas Figure 35 Rendzina Peats For an area to be classified as peat the peat depth has to be greater than 30 cm on drained and 45 cm on undrained land Peats are divided into two basic groups Basin peat Basin peat consists of fen peat and raised bog Fen peat originally formed under the influence of base rich ground water in shallow lakebeds and depressions in the landscape It is usually alkaline in its lower layers but as it develops the upper layers become more acidic and the vegetation changes from one dominated by Phragmites and Carex species to one of Sphagnum and Calluna species resulting in raised bog Blanket peat Blanket peat occurs in wet cold and acid conditions in elevated areas and at lower elevations along the western seaboard Blanket peat usually extends over the entire landscape covering the hills and valleys Its vegetation is usually dominated by acid loving plants such as Sphagnum Calluna 29 Tricophorum Eriophorum and Molinia species When it occurs at elevations greater than 150 m it is described as high level below this it is described as low level blanket peat Regosol This group consists of mineral soils which are immature and show little distinct horizon development Figure 10 They occur in low lying at areas along river courses l
16. ake beds or at mouths of river estuaries The texture varies from sands to clays drainage ranges from excessive to poor These may be acid or alkaline depending on the source of deposits Figure 10 Regosol Sand Soils occurring in this group are found in coastal regions and are characterised by the high percentage 259096 of sand content Figure 11 These soils have very little horizon differentiation Due to the absence of clay and silt particles these soils have poor nutrient and moisture retention capacity Figure 11 Sand Lithosol These are very shallow and stony mineral soils usually overlying solid or shattered bedrock Figure 12 Located mainly at higher elevations where they are associated with podzols These soils are frequently characterised by outcropping rock and may occur on steep slopes f Oteayase 2007 A Figure 12 Lithosols 30
17. atus Figures 2 4 These soils possess a rather uniform profile with little differentiation in horizons and no removal and deposition of materials such as iron oxides humus or clay although constituents such as calcium and magnesium may be leached to some extent They occupy approximately 1396 of the land area of Ireland E E Cotord 2007 Figure 2 Brown earth i ay Es OTeagasc 2007 Figure 3 Acid brown earth Figure 4 High base brown earth Grey brown podzolic These well drained mineral soils are similar in many respects to the brown earths except that clay has been translocated from the surface to a sub surface layer horizon Figure 5 They are usually 27 formed from glacial drift of predominantly limestone composition and have a medium to high base saturation status They occupy approximately 2496 of the land area of the country XV Cotord 2007 Figure 5 Grey brown podzolic left and Grey brown podzolic right Brown podzolic Well drained acid mineral soils derived mainly from acidic parent materials such as shale granite or sandstone Figure 6 Located on hills and rolling lowland They are formed under the influence of the podzolisation process subject to some leaching Due to the presence of iron oxides the horizon has a reddish brown colour This group occupies approximately 1296 of the land area of the country Teayasc 2007 Figure 6
18. e click on 2050 Environmental Factors or 2080 Environmental Factors the same selection boxes will appear Note the 2080 scenario does not have the b1 scenario because these simulations were not available form Met Eireann at the time the project was completed e For example the two maps of the Galway region below show the change in AT CEPIT Tm 3 Qo 282115527141 Mx TAC pH nihi iro A Stand Analysis ry Baseline Environmental Factors Bair um qum den te Lj Pom Ham Hir FETTER 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors All bye Figure 27a AT for Galway under the current climate soc oo ooo o c NEE C 2816557714 Tadap i lant o thins oa Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis M EUN i PEE LULL ELLEL au CENE U Figure 27b AT for Galway under the A2 climatechange by 2050 In this example you can clearly see AT and warm index will increase but there is not always good Figure 28 shows how soil moisture deficits will increase in the SE regions of the country 21 Bb Chechen Mona Peete ic ERN file Eda Vues gy Bocgna Iooh Help Climadapt Mi The temi ot Britain aed belan En gt a 82 165 27 14 1 cl madaet ot client dt Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis V darpa imamu T oiii pni i Baseline Environmental Factors a Dew a Leal d m Ziwi Tees 4 immi d NI 7 Ceo ler 4 iua an M Dad 3 pe
19. ed do not use this default option Also the underlying soil mapped used is based on a model and is only indicative so in some cased the underlying soil type and associated soils characteristics may not be correct For these reasons we recommend using Option B or higher To display the results for species suitability click on the results box as shown in Figure 6a A results window will appear in the left hand panel There are 2 option windows within this panel a suitability which is highlighted dark blue in figure 8b and b indicative yield which can be selected with the mouse Figure 8b The suitability under future climate change can be selected from the drop down box in the results box under the site under analysis Stand Analysis ci Stk haim V rures glam e vey icri LI rell Meus casar Pug Dra s due Puer Figure 8a Results panel selection and panel for species suitability for the baseline climate Stand Analysis Sila Sand Cele Pipi Ej mira Ansys E Chen NP nenun SR Vary Mois i Daiki SUR any Proce Baseline She Vary Moir SMA ey Most m Shite vary Pope Wig Verny Por Fe AQ m Waer E E ey Wn Lia e g Heer Ei uae Pe SMA Baseline Sysiem Defaull SHR Bartis Gyser Default SMa ery Moet Biy ery bigis Siw Very Pace SR Wey Poo dams snr sn dams amr Douglas fir dams Downy birch dams European tarch dams Japanese tach dams Lodgepels
20. he following guides for identification of soils in Ireland e A Guide to Forest Tree Species Selection and Silviculture in Ireland Horgan et al 2004 e Field guide The identification of soils for forest management Kennedy 2002 To utilise option B using the same example provided for Cloosh a Select the Stand menu in the Stand analysis menu and select Define soil from the drop down menu Figure 9 step a b An extra box called Soil type will appear in the right hand panel below the default box figure 9 step b Click on this box to show the soil definition in the left panel of the Stand analysis window This includes a drop down box for soil type specification and control buttons to modify SNR or SMR manually c To access these controls you must first deselect the buttons for SNR and SMR figure 9 step C d Then select the toggle buttons in the Soil type box as shown in Figure 9 step d e You can now enter the description for soils in the left panel Stand Analysis Figure 9a Definition of soil type to characterise SNR and SMR f First select the soil type from the drop down list For this site we know that these are flushed blanket peats as shown in Figure 10 Stand Analysis ln Siami Deis Rept Lnfiushed El past and intacl raised bog Figure 10 Selection of soil type g You will now notice that the SNR has changed to poor P and SMP has changed to wet W on the slide control scale Flushed
21. ission field guide Forestry Commission Edinburgh Ray et al 2009 Developing a site classification system to assess the impact of climate change on species selection in Ireland Irish Forestry 66 101 123 Ray D 2001 Ecological Site Classification Decision Support System V1 7 Forestry Commission Edinburgh Ray D and Broome A 2003 Ecological Site Classification supporting decisions from the stand to the landscape scale Forest Research Annual Report 2001 2002 The Stationery Office Edinburgh 25 Appendices Appendix A Default soils characteristics Figure 1 A Guide for soil moisture classification Soil moisture regime SMR can be very dry to slightly 2 well drained fresh to very moist moderate and wet to very wet poorly drained Soil nutrient can vary from carbonate to ver poor depending on the soil type identified using the indicative soil map 26 Appendix 2 Some guides to soils identification taken form the NFI Each soil group is briefly described in the following section The photographs labelled Teagasc 2007 were reproduced with the permission of Teagasc from a presentation to the Forest Service Radford 2004 Photographs labelled Coford 2007 were reproduced with the permission of COFORD from AGuide to forest Tree Species Selection and Silviculture in Ireland Horgan et al 2003 Brown earth Relatively mature well drained mineral soils derived from parent materials of acidic or basic st
22. ite in Cloosh and 3 quadrants you identified the following species and distributions Releve 1 Calluna vulgaris 2096 Osmunda regalis Regal fern 2 96 purple moor grass Molinia caerulea 10 96 and Sisymbrium officinale 2 96 wild mustard a species suggesting better nutrient status This may suggest that the site was fertilised before because of the presence of wild mustard but the low occurrence would indicate that SNR is not changed Releve 2 Calluna vulgaris 1096 Molinia caerulea 5 96 Sisymbrium officinale 10 Vaccinium oxycoccos 20 96 and Eriophorum angustifolium bog cotton grass 10 96 Releve 3 Calluna vulgaris 2096 Osmunda regalis 3 96 Molinia caerulea 10 96 and Eriophorum angustifolium 5 96 All of these species suggest a poor SNR The compile the information under option D do the following a Select the Stand menu in the Stand analysis menu and select Define vegetation from the drop down menu Figure 14 b Select SNR in the Vegetation box below the Specified soil quality box in the right panel Be sure to select SMR from either the Default Soil Type recommended see figure 14 or Specified soil quality boxes 12 Stand Analysis Site Stan Delebe Report 3 Sted Analysis Rarlis uoci Baseline SM m Wat SMA a Nar EP Figure 14 Selecting the vegetation specification to modify SNR c You will notice a new window in the left panel To add species and distributions for
23. n below Figure 16 You may have noticed that the SNR has changes from Poor P when using option B to define SNR see Figure 11 to very poor VP based on vegetation cover Figure 16 13 Calluna vulgaris 20 10 20 Molinia coenbem 10 B 10 O amp munda negalis z Sigymbrium officinale 2 10 o 20 0 a D 10 5 Figure 16 The completed species distribution table for Cloosh Now run the results by selecting the climate scenario as before You can now see that Lodgepole pine is suitable using the vegetation specification of SNR Figure 17 compared to very suitable when the Soil type characterisation of SNR is used see Figure 12 Stand Analysis Temas Seam Dae Mapki astmie visia co ees eam i E D i team RAN Manatee esl Upper Bedard LL ae ad ccr Pelt L Dauid VOR arp Hesi ban edd UR nd fc Hos Vary Pan Big Wary Pane Sa a scans D js lu Pu T RI ZI Se z Si LLLI Se an mm E Ae aS z Ex ae eee d ossia bes Zach hah 4 sites Figure 17 results 2 3 Running results saving and printing result 2 3 1 Viewing results in the Stand analysis window The results for any selected stand can be viewed by clicking on the results box located below the site name and site definition parameters E sure that the correct options are selected for SNR and SMR before results are run see section 2 2 Options A and B for details you have done this before 2 3 2 Saving and prin
24. ormation and knowledge to underpin sustainable forest management in a century of global climate change and increased woodland expansion The CLIMADAPT system has the following functionality 1 A web based user interface capable of providing rich client functionality over and above that of a conventional website The interface will enable users to analyse spatial data using a set of GIS utilities Provision of a grid spatial information suitable for display within the user interface Provision of point based information suitable for display and for use within calculations Enabling users to create and store map features Provision of a knowledge based service providing textual descriptive information to be displayed within the user interface 6 The system has two main functions o Stand analysis selection of suitable species under current baseline and future climates using 2050 and 2080 climate change projections based on Met Eireanns cA1 projections The DSS is primarily a guide to species suitability but indicative potential yield class is also included for 20 major current and potential species see Ray et al 2009 Black et la 2010 for scientific background Users are also encouraged to refer to the TEAGASC productivity map for Sitka spruce for a more in depth analysis for Sitka spruce crops Farrelly et al 2009 a b o Spatial analysis display of all ESC factors and other environmental constraints on species suitability and
25. rest of interest e Alternatively the warmth index can be selected by clicking off frost risk and selecting AT accumulated temperature above 5 day degrees this is a warmth index where higher values represent warmed climates where productivity would generally be higher In this example the site AT value is 1750 to 1800 day degrees under the current climate Figure 25 19 ge en lal Se Chere E 3 Q 08216527 11 cimadapt cent Climadapa dient hin e ee Stand Analysis m i my um ES E as Ea E E mis B g EES HETETETI iiiliili Figure 25 AT for regions surrounding Cloosh forest e Another site factor with influenced productivity and yield would be continentality a measure of distance from the ocean For example inland regions would generally be cooler with more frequent frosts You may have noticed the scale of the map in figure 26 has been reduced to show how continetality varies across the whole country o 0 Toce EEEEct O 0 8216527 14 L cbenadapt clienit Cirnadagt cleri her fto A Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis P Grp Sisi ioe n a i MU hiaadaiii Figure 26 Continetality AT for regions surrounding Cloosh forest e Any number of environmental factors can be investigated for regions or sites for current and future climates 20 3 2 Analysis of future climate changes If you would like to see future climat
26. rios SRES for climate change projections depending on global economic population changes regional factors future reliance on fossil fuels and stabilisation assumptions Only scenarios A2 and B1 are selected for this DSS since they reflect the medium to high A2 and a high B1 ranges of future climate change Indicative yield class The indication of indicative yield is expressed as a general yield class in the Predicted Yield column Figure 8b This also provides the most limiting ESC factor and a suitability indication The predicted yield does not consider increased or decreased in yield associated with the use of different provenances or silvicultural management practice which can alter potential yield e g cultivation or fertilisation Suitability indicators assume a greenfield site For different provenances of Sitka spruce there is a potential increase of 2 YC when Washington is planted instead of QCi this can further increase if genetically improved material is planted It should also be noted that provenances of Lodgepole pine or Douglas fir are not considered Please refer to Horgan et al 2004 for guidance on provenance selection Dangers of using the default method Experienced forester may notice that the suitability and yield for Sitka in the given example do not reflect the real situation This is because the underlying soil spatial data is not correct for this site Also soils drainage of or application of fertilisers to the
27. sd Iper S begi 4 TA Doc d Lage o Prpa Hoan rdi vem d 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors Mosaics Fath Meri asc Rl msn Mozilla Frets file Ed View Hipon Boocinmari Tools Help Chmadapt T8 The tems ot Britain and bean dk a 82 185 27 141 i Tt eli P Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis Lr fv El einigen cene e iors Prrtable Varsspn Baseline Environmental Factors n 2050 Environmental Factors m 2080 Environmental Factors At phit ag De 4 Uem d TAM COND AI Dmmct 5 Les d D n Darme Lest d y MA Some ad Denir 8 Lom hone Binh LI RI ee eor i mt i Descr iem i Le z ENA PIO AF Wr pas Fy mrmi Li Mosaics Aga Woi Figure 28 SMD under current climate compared to 2080 bottom panel 22 Figure 29 shows how exposure and windiness will increase in the Mayo Donegal region under future climate change scenarios e Cimi Mapia Firelox j m ble Edit Mem Hinon Booker Jooh H ibt T a That Bera iod oda j ela 82 156527 141 wed P Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis p rT I LL m EHE rom m m V emu nmiable v prin am Baseline Environmental Factors avi f P3 nad a 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors Mosaics Jus lir dcm e Toot H E x fH That Beers iof Brain aed kelan 82 16527 141 t cig Sland Analysis Spalial Analysis i eee tuens m Mun ii veon Baseline Environmental Factors A
28. sture 1 0 1 0 very suitable 0 8 very suitable 0 8 D e 06 suitable 0 6 suitable E y Oo 0 4 not suitable o 04 0 2 0 2 not suitable 0 0 0 0 1 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DAMS windiness Soil Nutrients Figure 1 The suitability of Sitka spruce according to a Accumulated Temperature AT day degrees above 59C and b Moisture Deficit MD mm DAMS or windiness continentality SMR soil moisture regime and SNR soil nutrient regime Suitability is classified on a scale from 0 to 1 where limiting factor f values gt 0 75 is very suitable GYC gt 20 gt 0 5 is suitable GYC 10 to 20 and 0 5 is Unsuitable GYC 10 see Ray et al 2009 Section 1 Registration Site location and registration Navigate to http 82 165 27 141 climadapt client index jsp or CLIMADAPT portal on the COFORD website insert link using your web browser For best results use Mozilla Fire fox but latest versions of chrome or explorer will work as well 1 Register your details Register your details or logon if already registered remember your username and password C O8216527141 Login ID KevinBisck Password meme Salutation Mr Past Name Last Name Position Address Postcode Country Telephone Figure 3 The Registration page lt Submit gt 2 If you have previously registered just enter user name and password amp Sun Java TM System Q Climadapt Login gt C QO
29. terest red circle m us dip ur Bia TE opi EN LN erate c 82165 77 141 Stand Analysis Doge amem kera Frei dar ierit Baselina Environmental Factors ad ney Loe ea 2 ote PELGLLLE Hill Pa m 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors Mosaics Aui ern Figure 22 Cloosh area has been selected again e Select required environmental factors For example select frost risk by clicking on the box under baseline environmental factors Note environmental factors under future climate change scenarios up to 2080 can also be observed in the same way 18 P2 ia TU Sater E Dimai F C o8 15527141 japit i hi Stand Analysis seme O ov Poel ae ymy gt TEE 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors Moanica Aht Wande Figure 23 Frost risk zones in the Cloosh region red is high green is low e The opacity of the GIS layer can be reduced by clicking the bar next to frost risk figure 24 This should enable you to see the site with overlaying GIS information In this example the frost risk would be medium see legend yellow value is 2 1is low 3 is high red EUREN c canada OL SS o UC OORI155 27141 l i u 4 Stand Analysis Spatial Analysis agen aie ee Pe es amp oe x4 45334 2050 Environmental Factors 2080 Environmental Factors Mosaics Rc MAILE Figure 24 Changing the opacity to see your area or fo
30. ting results as a pdf file The view the results data in a pdf file a Select the climate scenario in the results section see Figure 18 The Suitability gt and lt yield gt results should be displayed in the left panel 14 Bl Cimacapt Moril Feet i eic Be Edit View Hion Bockmara Tools Help Chmadapt The tems of Gritain and Mela ii 8216527 141 eg P A Stand Analysis Sin Stand een P epon Tartair vw B Biasd hiipii P B u Bi inae EMN hmira Tue Typus Melerbruerd UMANE aeir Vegetales Alardeen OO Tapp SANE ncn ce Biik a ee big a wa Bea ep Pus Sg n yl d ve 3 ark a ma Ll puras udin a iab Em rs ICQ ae r Stel eae we fea reat Figure 18 The results panel shown on the left hand side b Now select lt Report gt from the Stand Analysis menu A new browser page will open as pdf file Figure 19 You can save or print this by selection the appropriate icon circled in red An example of a results file is provided below and a file called cloosh pdf in your folder or cd Bl CimadaptReportsendet Gaoplcationgpes Object Mardis Freta ul amd Be Edit View Migmy Baockmara Took Help jOhmadapg ChmadagteporiSeniel aoe The tems of Britain and inelan zm m eda 82155 27 141 1 iE i Goog Pp 1 fi tee oe OP Cabot Psi nj w Stand Analysis Closh 10 17 11 5 26 13 PM lu Longitude 9 3637847900 Latitude 53 3400983333 Default Stand Accumulated
31. to stand analysis to show sites selected Figure 7 Also expand the directory for your selected site e g Cloosh 2 boxes will appear a site characteristic definitions showing that default soil characteristic are selected i e SMR and SNR and b a results box with a drop down list for climate change scenario in this example the baseline or current climate is selected d Climadapt Mozilla Firefox File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help _ New Tab Climadapt e 82165 27 141 Stand Analysis Site Stand Delete Report EJ Stand Analysis Cloesh T Default SMR Very Moist a Detault SHM Ver Poor Results Choose Climate Scenario from List Below CK E z M Mec ut zo aer M Baseline T Jery Moist SMRs Very Moist SNR w m Very Poo SHRS Very Poor Figure 7 Display of your site characteristics and results options 2 2 Defining site characteristics There are numerous options for defining the site characteristics These vary in complexity depending on the amount of information the user wishes to include in the analysis 2 2 1 Option A Default selections This option utilises underlying spatial data which specifies the soil moisture regime SMR and soil nutrient regime SNR These are based on the indicative soil map and functions using soil type as an indicator Ray et al 2009 Figure 1 appendix A Note The definitions of SNR do not consider application of fertilisers If fertilisers have been appli
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