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DRAFT GPS for Disaster Response Operations

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1. A GPS receiver determines its position by measuring what List a reason a GPS cannot pick up a signal from a satellite The Federal standard for reporting coordinates is When looking at a gridded map remember to read how Notes 1 Other response personnel Federal State and local resources 2 The time it takes a radio signal from the satellite to reach the receiver 3 Blocked by buildings mountains or obstructed by trees 4 US National Grid USNG which is functionally the same as the MGRS 5 Read right then up DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 72 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Summary Summary Source of Error Type of Error Effect dGPS GPS system Sources of Error e FEMA tolerance for coordinates is 20 meters e A properly configured GPS is capable of being accurate to 3 meters when it receives a differential WAAS signal or accurate to 15 meters without the extra signal e Ifthe wrong datum as been configured the error will range between 5 100 meters In Alaska the error can be 200 400 meters e If the wrong format as been configured the error may be as much as 50 km e By accidentally transposing digits it is possible to create an error of 5000 km e Entering the wrong sign for longitude will create an error exactly half the world away The GPS system is rapidly becoming more accurate and available to the general public Most of the error in the future will be human error caused
2. Reception Error Message appears Use With GPS Off Acknowledge by using E Click Stick Continue Acquiring Select this option if You want GPS off Cfor faster map drawing UG Ug 13 Wel ce cf co A9 Notification Message e If turning unit on inside a substantial building the GPS unit will be unable to acquire a satellite e Therefore an error message will appear stating Poor Satellite Reception and gives four choices e The highlighted option represents the currently selected option e Use the CLICK STICK to enter Use With GPS Off by pressing straight down If you want to choose another option push the CLICK STICK down Notes The instructor should check the classroom before class to determine if a satellite can be acquired If satellites can be acquired the class can proceed as planned but actual numbers and screens can be used to describe operation The poor satellite reception message must be acknowledged by hitting enter before other pages can be viewed DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 36 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Features Previewing Main Pages ateme SY vc chatt enge pel K Satellite Page Map Page Navigation Page Altimeter Page Trip Computer Previewing Main Pages e Use the page button to view each of the main pages The initial page will be the Satellite page In field operations this will be only page that needs to be accessed to view coordinates We
3. coordinates The default settings are all correct Once complete have class show instructor settings After showing instructor hit page and return to setup page Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 40 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Features e GPS Normal Always switches to Enabled Longuage normal after being turned ES gt English e WAAS Enabled Auto Calibration On Hemory Used F 0247412 e N aM wi System From Setup page highlight the system icon and hit enter The correct setting for GPS is normal However if unable to obtain satellites it will read GPS Off This is the only configuration setting that will change after turning the unit off It will always revert back to GPS normal every time the unit is turned off and on Therefore this setting does not need to be changed If the unit was turned on inside and then brought outside simply turn the unit off and on while outside WAAS default position is disabled Highlight the box and change to enabled Beginning in October 2006 it will be much easier to obtain the WAAS satellites since they will be located over the US instead of over the middle of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans All other settings are not important for collecting coordinates Although for most users English Language is preferred Hit the page button and return to the setup menu Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 41 D
4. DRAFT DRAFT IG 63 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control E National Map Viewer Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q sxx k sl E L JO Search Pe Favorites E f de gl LJ Address 48 http nmviewogc cr usgs gov viewer m PAS ONY The National Map Viewer Partners U S Forest Service USGS SRTM NOAA U S Fish amp Wildlife Service Montana NRIS U S Department of the interior US Geologica Survey Contact Nationa Map Team Mam vi e sgouw Last aodification 09 14 2005 Privacy Statement Disclaimer EIA Accessibility AT pane Finding a Place e In order to verify a coordinate obtained from a GPS unit or one that has been given to the user is valid the National Map Viewer can locate a USNG coordinate e Once the main screen of the National Map Viewer opens click on Find Place on the left hand side Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 64 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control National Ma 3 http nmviewogc cr usgs gov National Map Viewer Find A Place Microsoft Internet tellt File Om O O DAG Zeen krs BB Address Si th ZUSGS Find Place Zoom to State County None Selected i Show all counties in the state v Gr Partner Dataset Layers e Alabama William B Bankhead National Forest Arkansas AR KS MO Regional National Map Project Arkansas B
5. Firefighters Memorial as it will appear on a Garmin Etrex Vista e The first component of a USNG coordinate is the Grid Zone Designation Grid Zone Designations are based upon every 6 degrees of longitude the number 18 and every 8 degrees of latitude the letter S e The Grid Zone Designations are identical to UTM Notes The last band of latitude band X is 12 degrees high DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 19 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates KA 000 Meter Lai Identification E Ki 2 KK vA jhe i Zaff delphis Beachvood HR D lt re e e e goodon wet 295 al D Z i i 0589 GRS 96488 rr 100 000 meter Square Identification e The Grid Zone is further broken down into 100 000 meter boxes 62 miles on a side Each 100 000 box is given a two letter code e Letters that might be easily confused with numbers are omitted e In our example UJ corresponds to most of Washington DC and vicinity Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 20 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates National Emergency Training Center NETC Emmitsburg Maryland USNG 18SUJ005965 LT TT STS SEENEN ww k Ve ES ji I To toe d 962 4 d 7 Malin hEimitiratntere p el bm D n WK 968 E 0 Por 1 000 SC 9 6 E e a eee 00 001 00 00 i 6 00 00 00 397 000mE U S National Grid USHG 100 meter grid Read Right Easting y hen
6. G i on z ra G i e i E z ESR HI j Ke Map Graticules e Graticules Grids that are not squares are placed on maps to make it easier to identify any point on the map e Many different types of grids exist From simple letter number combinations used in many road maps to longer sets of numbers Different grid systems start from different locations e To locate an object on the surface of the earth its location East to West and North to South needs to be given e In this example the site of interest is 39 degrees 14 minutes 1 second North of the Equator and 76 degrees 35 minutes 57 seconds East of the prime meridian using lines of latitude and longitude e Notice how a Graticule of latitude and longitude does not from a square Therefore it is often difficult to determine a latitude longitude coordinate without computer software This is especially true when trying to find locations with a precision of 10 meters or less Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 15 December 2005 World View GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates World View gn H eS oer Pe ee a d r SH dE Gelee Gate p A vi he E A Ga V A K Wo ne sy MN jw Se deeg GK Aa S NS AS i i 3 A bk SS S en ee e Latitude and Longitude is one of the oldest grid systems and can be used to give a precise location of any point on the earth e Lines of Latitude start at the equator and define your position no
7. Gridded Orthographic map SUPPORTING PUBLICATIONS The following publications are useful to support the delivery of this course e Standards for a United States National Grid FGDC STD 011 2001 www fedc gov usng e Revised Global Positioning System GPS Equipment Specifications Memo e GARMIN Etrex Vista Owner s Manual www garmin com e GARMIN GPS Guide for beginner s www garmin com aboutGPS manual html e GARMIN An Introduction to Using a GARMIN GPS with paper maps www garmin com aboutGPS manual html DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 5 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations SPACE REQUIREMENTS The following space requirements are recommended Primary Room for Instruction Room Dimensions for class of 25 30 students minimum 25 ft x 50 ft or similar capacity Five to six tables seating five to six people per table Minimum table dimensions to accommodate students instructors and course materials manuals 6 ft x 8 ft Classroom may also be setup as chairs setup in rows Additional tables for additional materials and supplies visual equipment projector etc break foods coffee snacks Outside Work area An area outside or able to receive strong satellite signals must be scouted out prior to class The area should be large enough to accommodate the class size with the students able to freely walk about In most JFO settings this may be in the parking lot or landscaped area immediately adjoining the J
8. L AS eet Moved over 500 miles References ben Owner 5 Manual Garmin Bas dl CPS Tutorial St Ls ational Map Choosing Reading Locations Choosing Location for Reading FEMIA bas established the following procedure for choosme the location of where to take coordinate readings at disaster site The locaton must be safe Ar oo times place yourself in jeopardy e In order to obtain a reading chore a lacation it is possible to see satellites This may prachide readings taken inside of damaged buildings Be a close to the center of the site as possible safety may prechide the exact center If unable to take reading at center move to the font of the facility as determined by address May need to step away from walls of buildings to see satellites For linear features roads some utilities aic obtain two readings One at each end Satellite Page Record the coordinates from the satellite page The format must be in MORS of USNG and look simular to the one illustrated Use ihe sky plot to determine if it is worthwhile to Walt longer to obtain additional satellites 185 UJ 00537 MEES 86433 Crrex r VISTA Internal I i mrar n Se LOL L e lf Ear A li hk Step by Step Instructions Io Get You Started Ra GPS for Disaster Response Operations Operating the eTrex Vista Operating the eTrex Vista The Main Pages Configuration Installing the Batteries Star
9. class Obtaining additional units from the DISC Obtain additional AA batteries O O O e If obtaining GPS units that have not been turned on at the disaster site consider turning on units outside prior to class This eliminates delays associated with cold startups and may help identify non functional units e Determine the GPS unit configuration policy being used for the particular disaster Depending upon the needs of the disaster the units may be configured by o Configured by the USAR team By the student during the class APO upon issuing the units PA upon issuing the units ESE 5 technical services or GIS section after the unit is issued Note At this time the DISC does not configure the units O O O O DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 7 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations e Determine if any basic mapping programs are being loaded onto individual laptops If so be prepared to discuss how the software operates e Details for preparing for the practical exercise are covered in section six The exercise must be conducted outside or in a location that it is possible to obtain satellite signals If the class is being held outside coordinate with the safety officer if the site poses any risk to the students Coordination with security may also be required in order to allow the students to bring the units outside of the JFO COURSE EVALUATION Level I The Emergency Management Institute EMI Course Evaluation Form FEMA 95
10. e Third click Therefore the GPS solves the equation to adjust the clock so that the ranges will give a precise intersection Emphasize in order to fix a location four satellites are required Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 27 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work More Satellites are Better Receiver selects best signal Geometry affects accuracy Watch satellite page If accruing signal from additional satellites good to wait Able to watch accuracy improve More Satellites are better Generally the more satellites present the more accurate the coordinate This relates to the overall geometry of the satellites The more spread out over the sky the better the reading Unfortunately satellites near the horizon are more difficult to acquire when standing on the ground High end GPS units often exclude satellites within 10 of the horizon GPS unit has a sky chart on the same page the coordinates are displayed The sky chart can be used to check the geometry It is worthwhile to wait to acquire additional satellites because accuracy dramatically improves Initial illustration shows poor geometry The second click shows ideal geometry of one satellite directly overhead with three others evenly spaced about the horizon Notes The sky chart will be covered in more detail later The initial illustration shows poor geometry which is measured by PDOP Positional Dilution of Precisi
11. is displayed e The green triangle matches the location of the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial e You can move the cursor over the map and you will be shown the USNG coordinates of the cursor on the bottom right hand side of the display Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT Geo December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control National Map Viewer Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q ei AO JO search Sie Favorites La B amp w rel address 4 http nmviewogc cr usgs gov viewer htm v SA Go E AUS ES The National Map Viewer Map Information INDEX STATUS TOPOGRAPHIC MA USGS QUADRANGLE l A poA G Partners U S Forest Service U S Fish amp Wildlife Service USGS TerraServer USA BTS CENSUS nt of t rus logica oral Tea Topographic Map e To see the location plotted onto a USGS 7 5 minute topographic map uncheck the green checkbox on Orthoimagery e Click on the Topographic Map black triangle e Click on the white USGS Raster Graphic Topo Map box e Click on the Refresh Map box e A topographic map is displayed with the green triangle marking the entered coordinates e The USGS has already updated several topographic maps online with changes caused by Hurricane Katrina Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 70 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control e Delorme Topo USA USNG M
12. op 00 oni Head Fight Easting hen Up Morfina bnamples HETE Man kraranee M0 i b Haticrval Fallen Finefightber Memaial DIN S649 GPS Practical 1 Name 2 Location 3 Date Time Exercise II Section A Initialization Instructions Please record the requested information If the block is grayed out it is not required to fill in the box 4 Turn on the GPS outside if already on turn off and then back on and go to the satellite page by pressing the page button twice Record the total number of satellites the unit has initially acquired 5 The moment the GPS unit gives coordinates record the initial accuracy then record the total number of satellites 6 One minute after recording the initial accuracy record the new accuracy and number of satellites 7 Two minutes later once again record the accuracy and number of satellites 8 Wait for a differential signal indicated by the letter D in the signal bar satellite 35 or 47 wait an additional two minutes then record the accuracy and number of satellites If after a total of 5 minutes unable to get a dGPS signal skip to section B 8 Two minutes after Differential Signal Section B Interference Instructions Section B allows the user to experiment with various factors that may block or weaken the GPS signal The GPS unit must be on the satellite page for all activities in order to view the accuracy 9 Record the accuracy and number of satellites while standing in the
13. open This may be the same reading recorded in line seven 10 Place your hand over the antennae located under the globe logo for 30 seconds and record the accuracy and number of satellites After recording the information allow at least a minute to allow the GPS unit of Satellites Instructions Find a partner to make teams of two Move to an open safe location and place the two GPS units side by side Record the coordinates from both units Instructions Your instructor will give you one or two scenarios of damaged facilities Determine the best location to take a GPS reading from and record your coordinates Scenario 1 DECHE EE Scenario 2 i aa GPS for Disaster Response Operations Turning on Unit Turning on Unit While waveling to a work site itis best to keep the wut wreed off to comserve batteries Upon anival at a site where SPS coordinate are required keep m ound the followme e Find a safe location free from hazards e Choose a open location with a good view of the sky aod free of obsinictions Foeep the eTrex Vista flat and level Feep the eTrex Vista stationary Tum the Umit on The following table gives typical times before a reading Le obtained After geting the ini al reading wait at least a minute to allow accuracy to improve Wait longer if unit is about to lock onto addriional satellites or WAAS signal The pew out of box startup tame may take 12 mimites Ti i fi me Sa one
14. staff and other affected staff at a Joint Field Office JFO or alternative training settings The course material will be available through the DFTO DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 3 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations DURATION This course is designed for 2 0 student hours This time includes lecture breaks and a practical exercise A shorter version is also available which requires student hours This version spends 30 minutes less on GPS theory and omits the outside practical exercise SCHEDULE A sample agenda is provided to assist the instructor with preparation of the course Section 1 Introduction 05 minutes 05 minutes Section 2 Maps and Coordinates 10 minutes 10 minutes Section 3 GPS How Does it Work 25 minutes Skip Section 4 Unit Features 15 minutes 15 minutes Section 3 Field Operations 15 minutes 15 minutes Section 6 Practical exercise 35 minutes Skip Section 7 Quality Control 10 minutes 10 minutes Section 8 Summary 05 minutes 05 minutes Total Time 2 0 hours 1 hour OVERVIEW OF COURSE UNITS AND EVALUATION Section 1 Introduction This section provides information about how FEMA uses coordinate information Section 2 Maps and Coordinates provide a basic overview of the role of maps coordinates and how to use the US National Grid Section 3 GPS How does it work Provides an explanation on how the GPS receiver determines its location Emphasis is on those components that have field implications
15. to two satellites in geosynchronous orbit over the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean The further north and the further away from the US Coasts the more difficult to lock on to the geosynchronous satellites e If you are able to lock on to the Geo satellite then a differential correction is automatically loaded into your GPS unit Notes New Geosynchronous satellites have been launched that once activated October 2006 will make it easier to obtain a WAAS signal in the middle of the continental United States See illustration on the next page DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 32 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Can you tell if you have dGPS Satellite SJ EY Ready To Hovigote Accuracy 10 Fert Le Ss fei e Newer versions of GPS units are WAAS enabled Garmin Etrex series indicates differential data downloaded by a D on Satellite page I KI RU IOC Cr d T5 e een Location Wo34 47930 with 9 Satelhites Bee racked and WAAS Enabled WAS Satelite is No 35 e Accuracy improves Can you tell if you have dGPS The Garmin Etrex units are all able to obtain a WAAS signal However the default configuration is set to turn this feature off If you are in the Midwest East coast you can tell you locked onto the WAAS satellite if you get a signal from satellite number 35 Shortly thereafter you will see a D appear in the signal bar when the differential information for that sate
16. 00347 96456 corresponds to building B Part 2 The coordinates of the helipad are 18S UJ 0018 9645 This would be precise to 10 meters Since the helipad is certainly larger than a meter this is all the precision that is required Any more digits are difficult to read off the map and depend upon which part of the helipad the user has in mind It would also be correct to write the coordinate as 18SSUJO0189645 NAD83 Notes Students have copy of slide in student handouts DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 55 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations KR UJ 00523 MGRS 97564 es Pa e E A LS es Le BA Cd mi ed E Le GI is Lol KI m KO Ka ka L 3 ep e KI P Bi ka s _ mm Using Grid Coordinates Topographic Map e A commonly used paper map is a USGS 7 5 minute topographic map or quadrangle e These maps may be printed from several different commercial software pages that have scanned in original USGS maps They may then be printed with a UTM or MGRS USNG grid overlaid e Care must be taken to determine if the grid was based upon NAD83 WGS84 or NAD27 e Ask the students to determine where the coordinate 18S UJ 00523 97564 is located e Ask the students to give the coordinate required to direct a team in Emmitsburg to location X within 100 meters over the radio Solution The coordinate 18S UJ 00523 97564 corresponds to the intersec
17. 41 will be used to document student feedback on the overall evaluation of the quality of the content the instruction and the facilities The form uses a 1 5 rating system with 5 being the highest At the end of the course the Course Manager will lead a feedback session so students also have the opportunity to provide verbal feedback on the course content Level II A Student Evaluation will be performed to assess the students ability to demonstrate their proficiency in applying the knowledge and skills needed The Student Evaluation will be integrated into the practical exercise The students will record GPS coordinates from a fixed location These coordinates will be verified to ensure the student and the student s GPS unit is able to obtain accurate coordinates ENDORSEMENT DISCLAIMER DHS FEMA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products processes or services Therefore mention of commercial products processes or services in this training course cannot be construed as an endorsement or recommendation DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 8 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Introduction GPS for Disaster Response Operations Overview 5 minutes United States Fire Administration Emergency Management Institute Photo Credit Martin Lockheed used with permission GPS for Disaster Field Operations e Welcome students e Introduce instructor s e Introduce students In the JFO setting this course may
18. 46 kilometers Second Slide e This distance from the satellite defines a sphere that gives our possible locations e The exact location of the satellite is known from the downloaded telemetry or Almanac Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 25 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work GPS Trilateration Second satellite is 24 000 k away Intersection two spheres circle Third satellite intersection Z gives two possible points One point near earth s surface Determines Pseudorange GPS Trilateration The process 1s called trilateration versus the more common term of triangulation Triangulation involves angles and trilateration uses known distances from multiple reference points If we acquire a second satellite and determine it is 24 000 km away we can draw a second sphere The intersection of these two spheres makes a circle that represents our possible locations This circle intersects with the surface of the earth in two locations When we acquire a third satellite we can draw yet another sphere It intersects in two unique points One point is far away from the surface of the earth and moves rapidly while the second point is at or near the earth s surface and moves at a much smaller speed The point near the earth s surface is given as the coordinate If a fourth satellite is acquired then only one point of common intersection is possible Pseudorange is a term gi
19. 5 Correct Current FEMA performance e In 200X FEMA reviewed its performance of correctly entered coordinates on Project Worksheets Coordinates were verified by GIS software to ensure they were accurate e Jt was found that only 20 of the coordinates were entered correctly e Common mistakes which were caused by human error included failure to provide coordinates transcription errors wrongly configured GPS units and improper conversion of coordinate formats e FEMA s goal and a major goal of this course are to make sure coordinates are entered correctly within 20 meters 95 of the time In order for the users of the coordinates to make proper decisions the coordinates need to be accurate within 20 meters Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 12 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates ye t SON 4 LZ 4 A ey at r r LS a f e e a vw a Pr 5 n z 4 a d i gt A iat Ab e Ee Leg Tee Sr ee a e w i de f e r p TC TNS od i 7 RK Ae Zi a Ao E CC Bag 7 Leg 7 A e IT Sech op A An e a e Maps A Coordinates 10 minutes Maps arid Coordinates WW F A A iF 4 f f hal W Si 7 Vs Le ays J a d Mapping and GPS Theory e The purpose of this section is to provide the student some basic information about maps and show the student how coordinates relate to maps e The student is expected to both plot a USN
20. DF109B GPS FOR DISASTER RESPONSE OPERATIONS Instructor Guide United States Fire Administration Emergency Management Institute g FEMA Total Time 120 minutes 2 0 hours includes 35 minute activity 60 minutes 1 hours Summary version without activity COURSE OBJECTIVES Upon successfully completing this course the participants will be able to e Explain basic GPS theory as applied to actual field use e Explain FEMA s use of coordinates e List common problems and their prevention e Demonstrate the ability to configure the unit obtain record and verify coordinates in the field e Demonstrate ability to determine USNG coordinates given a gridded map RATIONALE FEMA has identified a training requirement to provide all FEMA personnel who obtain enter or use geospatial coordinates with a basic understanding of the GPS system units and issues that effect accurate coordinates FEMA uses geospatial information to fulfill several important agency requirements Collection of erroneous coordinates has been identified as a major problem This course is designed to provide the training to address these requirements COURSE GOAL The purpose of this course is to educate FEMA staff about the proper use of GPS units and recording of coordinates TARGET AUDIENCE The target audience for this course is as follows PRIMARY AUDIENCE SECONDARY AUDIENCE FEMA State FEMA staff who use GPS unts State Local level applicants fo
21. ERY ul ual p Done Plotted Point e The National Map Viewer will then locate the point and mark it with a green triangle e The scale may be zoomed in or out in the top right hand corner e Unless the point falls at the intersection of two major roads more detail is usually required to determine if the coordinates are accurate e The National Map Viewer has extensive layer options found on the right hand side e In order to layer on a satellite photograph click on the black triangle next to Orthoimagery e Then click on USGS DOQ 281 B amp W box Other options may appear In urban areas highly detailed color images will be available e Then click on Refresh Required Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 68 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control le Edit View Favorites Tools Help Ban O AO Powe dereen O 2 2 a A ress Si http nmviewogc cr usgs gov viewer htm i Go gt USGS 2 National Map Viewer Se INDEX STATUS IMAGERY OTHER IMAGERY SATELLITE SCANNED MAPS 77 19 32 39 41 ke 18S UJ 00590 96488 NAD83 ners U S Forest Service U S Fish amp Wildlife Service USGS TerraServer USA BTS CENSUS Department of the interior U S Geological Survey Contact National Meo Team hito Ans wewoge crusgs gow Last modification 09 74 2005 ment Disclaimer ECHA Accessibilit Image Displayed e After hitting Refresh Map the following image
22. FO If the parking lot is busy confer with the safety officer to ensure a safe location is found for the practical exercise COURSE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT Audio Visual Electronic Equipment PowerPoint Software Computer and LCD Projector Overhead Projector and Screen optional or as a backup Hand held microphones two per class depending upon size of class Lapel microphones for instructors minimum of two depending upon size of class Laser Pointer Classroom Materials Tables Chairs see Space Requirements DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 6 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations e Easel Pads and Stands one for instructor Administrative Materials e Class Roster e Course Agenda e Class Evaluation Form Student Supplies e Highlighters for participants minimum one per student e Computer disk with course materials e GPS units ideally one per student INSTRUCTOR PREPARATION e Download Instructional material from the DFTO website o http www training fema gov emiweb dfto stantrn asp o Note Two GPS courses exist be sure to download the Response Version DEA e Make sure sufficient GPS units are available for students Ideally each student should have the GPS unit they are issued and will be using in the field Obtaining units may require o Making sure each student knows to bring their issued unit Checking out units from Accountable Property Officer APO for the class Checking out units from PA for the
23. G grid coordinate onto a gridded map and determine coordinates of features found on a gridded map Notes Instructors are cautioned not to exceed the time allocated The purpose is to provide an overview not an in depth discussion of mapping and coordinate systems DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 13 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates An Overview of Mapping An Overview of Mapping e A map is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional world When depicting larger areas it also has the additional challenge of projecting the surface of a sphere on to a flat piece of paper e A road map is the most familiar map for most of us Common features of all maps include Scale Map orientation usually the top of a map points to North Selectively only representing features that are of interest to the user May or may not have a grid system laid over the map e Using aroad map it is easy to locate an object that is at the intersection of two roads Some road maps even give address numbers Determining the location of the school represented in blue would be easy e However it is difficult to give a location or find objects not on roads or near intersections or when address signs are missing or destroyed Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 14 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates lap Graticule in l t 2 A Mable AG SE CH e e s
24. GRS UTM e Maptech Terrain Navigator USNG MGRS UTM e Microsoft Streets amp Hu ae Op DD DDD only Basic Consumer Mapping Programs Several different consumer and professional mapping programs exist Listed are some of the more common commercial consumer level programs Delorme Topo USA fits the entire US on a single DVD and allows plotting of USNG MGRS and UTM among others The illustration shows Topo USA On the Find tab enter the USNG coordinate and the map will display the site Maptech Terrain Navigator consists of multiple CDs It is also capable of showing USNG MGRS and UTM among others It displays a more detailed USGS topographic map Microsoft Streets and Trips is commonly found on FEMA public assistance laptops However it is only able to find and plot Decimal degree format coordinates Notes DHS FEMA does not endorse or recommend any commercial products processes or services Therefore mention of commercial products processes or services in this training course cannot be construed as an endorsement or recommendation DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 71 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Summary Summary 5 minutes Photo Credit Lockheed Martin used with permission Introduce Summary section In order to summarize the class and review the objectives ask the students the following questions Who uses coordinates obtained in the field
25. Microsoft PowerPoint GPS for Disaster Response Operations DRAFT iQ File Edit view Insert Format Tools Slide Show Window Help Type a question for help Ss i Times New Roman 24 B Z U SI E RE ege die i fi 33 2 LEMA H 45 z OmniPage E wh Print aa A Printer G j i C Name ue HP LaserJet 2200 Series PCL v status Idle Find Printer Type HP LaserJet 2200 Series PCL Where PS 43500C P1 Comment Print to file Print range Copies all O Current slide Selection Number of copies Slides Enter slide numbers and or slide ranges For example 1 3 5 12 Handouts M Slides per page ER v Kc Color qrayscale TAIN Grayscale v Scale to fit paper Frame slides pap DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 77 December 2005 IONS isaster Response Operat GPS for D Bug E ob ob Df qe 1 par 4 e SP te ie ak a ere a 8 ST sabse d s CF fob PPO or COCO ERT oe CEC Poet TT gt Ps Een ON RS a S Fe E Ki ri a Es e E Es rs Ei R Ka ra P EES 7 PS BA E J KS 43 pe N O de D Zem 0 Q O OI L O Q N LC Zenn jd OI us Ki el Zem O ds V A _ oy Miir kO Eimhir aimee i 188 UJ 00347 MGRS 96456 4 07 op U S Katona Grid OT 1 100 meter grid USHG Grid eg Designathr 185 d Si 10 Dim re identmication UL fe a m f A pall E BZ Pie i Teet
26. Operations Field Operations Photo Credit FEMA Bob McMillan Example of choosing location e Tell class they will be looking at four different facilities with damage caused by different types of events They should look at each facility and determine where they would stand to obtain GPS coordinates The location should be based upon e Safety e Ability to see satellites e Centered e Front e Linear Solution Safety Several potential hazards inside a flooded building Still may need to be searched See Satellites Unlikely will pick up satellites inside the structure Centered Unlikely to pick up satellites inside Front Best to move outside structure to side that represents the front of the structure DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 51 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations 5 e E e ZS a ff mm Ze d Photo Credit FEMA Marvin Nauman Example House Search e The damaged facility is a flood damaged house Ask the class to determine the location from which to take a GPS reading based upon safety satellite visibility centering frontage and linear Solution Safety House is safe from the outside Although potential hazards may exist Satellite visibility Will be unable to obtain coordinates inside building will need to be outside Standing next to the front door would result in half the satellites being blocked Centered Centered would be inside building so will no
27. Record the accuracy and number of satellites while standing in the open This may be the same reading recorded in line seven 10 Place your hand over the antennae located under the globe logo for 30 seconds and record the accuracy and number of satellites After recording the information allow at least a minute to allow the GPS unit of Satellites Instructions Find a partner to make teams of two Move to an open safe location and place the two GPS units side by side Record the coordinates from both units Instructions Your instructor will give you one or two scenarios of damaged facilities Determine the best location to take a GPS reading from and record your coordinates Scenario 1 a a EE Scenario 2 le GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control Quality Control 10 minutes Section Seven Quality Control Introduce Unit Seven quality control e After coordinates have been obtained the user should verify the coordinates e Quality control consists of entering the coordinates into a mapping program and seeing if the plotted coordinates matches the actual location This quality control step will catch most of the significant sources of error e Both basic web based and software based mapping programs will be discussed Notes If time and logistics permit the web based software can be demonstrated if an Internet connection exists The instructor should use the coordinates recorded from the practic
28. Section 4 Unit Features provides information about the features of the Garmin Etrex Vista GPS units that are used in obtaining a correct set of coordinates Section 5 Field Operations provide participants information about how to safely operate a GPS unit in the field It also includes information on FEMA suggested practices on where to take a reading from DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 4 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Section 6 Practical Exercise provides participants an opportunity to practice with the units in an outside environment The students will complete a worksheet that has several exercises The students will then work in small groups to obtain coordinates for simulated disaster sites Section 7 Quality Control provides an overview of methods that can be used to verify coordinates relate to the actual position by using web based mapping programs or programs that may be found at the JFO Section 8 Summary concludes the course and allows the instructor to review key points and ensure students understand the major steps in obtaining coordinates COURSE REFERENCES The materials listed below are used in this course e GPS for Disaster Response Operations DF Instructor Guide e GPS for Disaster Response Operations DF Student Manual PowerPoint Handout e Course Handouts Student Evaluation Forms one set per group instructor GPS Response Job Aid brochure Emmitsburg Gridded Topographic map NETC
29. Up Horthing 43 9 5 900mN USNG Grid Zone Designator 18S Exar ple NETG Main Entrance 0019 9664 E USHG 100 000m Square Identification UJ Hatio d Fallen Firefighter Memorial 0059 9649 Coordinates e The illustration depicts almost a square kilometer including the National Emergency Training Center e A 100 meter grid has been applied over the illustration Most maps show a more limited kilometer 1000 meter grid e The National Fallen Firefighters Memorial is at the intersection of the two yellow lines e To either plot or determine a coordinate remember Read Right then up This means read the easting number or x coordinate first then the northing number y coordinate e Garmin Etrex will always display a coordinate precise to 1 meter in location e The USNG coordinate 18S UJ 00 96 18SUJ0096 would define a 1 kilometer box and is the shortest USNG coordinate that can be given If the goal was simply to locate NETC this might be sufficient Notes This map also exists has a student handout DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 21 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates Datums another user error What is a datum a Start point for measuring World not sphere NAD83 default for USNG 7 NAD83 WGS84 same Older maps use NAD27 Shift of 100 meters Datums another user error e Another source of configuration error is something called a datum e Datums are needed bec
30. a single box where the coordinates are entered as one string Notes December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control a USGS Zoom to a Point Map Information Select point coordinate format Guided Entry ines Layers gt USNG Coordinates Guided Entry Enter USNG coordinates Coordinates outside of the Viewer maximum extent will not be displayed USNG Coordinates Easting Northing Zoom Level pe s u s 00589 96488 ISS Example coordinates for the Washington Monument 185 UJ 23483 06480 Partners U S U S Department of URL hio Jna vie cocusgs gow iast modification 09 14 2005 Privacy Statement Disclaimer FOIA Accessibility ak Zoom to a Point USNG Guided Entry e Enter the USNG coordinates into the boxes Guided entry is shown The coordinates used are for the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial e Hit enter or Zoom to Point Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT Ges December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control National Map Viewer Microsoft Internet Explorer BE i Fie Edt View Favorites Tools Help A 7 pech S EN E PO search Pg Favorites amp 2B d 2 Ly Address a http nmviewoge cr usgs gov viewer htm E ab R AUS E The National Map Viewer Map Information Hel EI oveview AY ge Q JI h DOQ INDEX STATUS IMAGERY Ww all Di id P id WO OOTHER IMAG
31. al exercise The software based programs if available from the JFO should be loaded onto the presentation machine Otherwise the screen shots provided in the PowerPoint presentation may be used DF109B DRAFT DRAFT Gei December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control Quality Control Are your coordinates correct Several different methods to check Compare to original field notes Enter coordinates into mapping program Other users bring quality problems to your attention least desirable Quality Control e Since coordinates are simply strings of letters and numbers it is difficult to quickly verify that the numbers you obtained are the correct coordinates e We will discuss several different methods to verify the coordinates e The simplest is to compare the coordinates against the original field notes e A better quality check is to enter the coordinates into a basic mapping program to verify the location e Users of the coordinates may also bring quality problems to the attention of the user once they attempt to use them in the field However this is the least desirable method of quality control Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 62 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control Web based US National Map nationalmap gov mec Input USNG Ge coordinates Obtain coordinates Eng re National Map 0Vi The Nation s Topographic Map for the 21st Century View s
32. and using them in the field In the response environment it is critical that users obtain coordinates from maps and find a location on a map given a set of coordinates Notes Who is responsible for configuration of the GPS unit will vary with different USAR teams and responders All students need to know how to check configuration and potentially switch map datums DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 10 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Introduction FEMA use of GPS Information If no physical address Road sign address destroyed flooded Coordinate with other response agencies Other FEMA program responsibilities Photo Credit FEMA David Saville FEMA s use of GPS Information e FEMA currently uses the coordinates collected in several different ways Providing a location when no physical address exists Help finding a damaged site when the address marking has been destroyed or hidden by flooding Coordinate response activities with other local state and federal agencies Provide coordinates to other FEMA programs for recovery efforts Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 11 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Introduction Current FEMA Performance e 20 PW correctly 277 entered coordinates e Common mistakes Transcription errors Wrongly configured Bad Conversions Incorrect 80 FEMA Requires Accuracy of 20 Meters Target Performance Goal 9
33. atellite Or Welcome to The National Map our online interactive map topographic map service You can view The National Map by using your Web browser no special software or download required For information about our traditional products please see Products or Services awy Spotlight Hurricane Katrina View imagery of the path of Hurricane Katrina as it approached the United States through landfall The imagery and additional data depict Maximum Sustained Winds Weather Warnings Watches and Advisories and Peak VVind Gusts en Programs Office mss e National Man is a Z5 ZS consistent framework for C ES N geographic knowledge RS f needed by the Nation It FGDC OO P provides public access to eet W hiah aualitv aeospatial data Extensive layers Web based mapping programs e While several web based mapping programs are available the US National Map maintained by the USGS is configured to use the USNG e The US National Map contains many different layers and allows viewing topographic maps satellite pictures high resolution urban satellite pictures forest cover weather radar among others e The URL for the US National Map is http nationalmap gov e Then click on the Go to Viewer tab on the left hand side Notes The next seven pages are screen shots from the USGS National Map If an Internet connection is available the actual program may be used A broadband connection is suggested DF109B
34. ause all maps need a start point for a model The earth must be modeled because it is not a perfect sphere It bulges in the equator due to its orbit and is a rather lumpy potato when viewed without water and clouds The mathematical models accounts for the earth s more ellipsoidal shape e The default GPS datum is for WGS84 World Geographic System established in 1984 It is identical to a datum known as NAD83 North American Datum of 1983 Both of these datums used the center of the earth as the starting point They were conducted using laser survey instruments and verified later by GPS e With the Garmin Etrex once you shift the coordinate to MGRS the datum automatically switches to NAD83 e Another common datum found on USGS topographic maps is NAD27 North American Datum of 1927 This datum used Meades Ranch in Kansas as the starting point and was conducted using chains to work across the continent with many control points surveyed in the 1800 s e Therefore the further away from Kansas the greater the error On the west coast the difference between the two datums can cause a 100 meter error Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 22 December 2005 Section Three 25 minutes Section Three is optional GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Section Three GPS How does it Work Constellation of 24 satellites in 6 orbits Microwave Radio Frequency Line of Sight Pass through clouds g
35. be part of several additional components of training If the class is a standalone more time should be spent on making the students familiar with the classroom setting and instructors e Provide a general introduction to the course e Obtain feedback on the classes level of expertise with GPS units by asking the following questions How many have used GPS units before How many have used a GARMIN Etrex or Vista How many have configured a GPS unit Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 9 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Introduction Objectives Explain FEMA s use of coordinates Explain basic GPS theory as applied to actual field use List common problems and their prevention Demonstrate the ability to configure the GPS unit obtain record and verify coordinates in the field Demonstrate ability to determine coordinates given a gridded map Objectives A GPS unit is a scientific instrument designed to collect geographic reference points known as coordinates FEMA uses coordinates in many different ways In order to collect more accurate coordinates it s important to understand some of the basic theory of maps and how the Global Positioning System or GPS works Several different causes may lead to inaccurate coordinates most of which are caused by human error and are preventable In order to achieve the highest possible accuracy we will practice setting up the GPS units correctly
36. by not knowing how to use the information or GPS units Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 73 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Summary Summary Field Operation Good safe location Turn on unit Wait for good satellite signal Walk to proper location Record coordinates Quality check data upon return Summary of Field Operations e GPS units are designed to be as easy to use as possible The procedure to obtaining a good coordinate once the unit has been properly configured is quite straightforward e Travel to a safe location e Turn the unit on e Wait for a good satellite signal e Walk to the location where you need to obtain coordinates e Record the coordinates e Quality check your coordinates upon return to the office Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 74 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Summary Additional Resources User s manual www garmin com Tutorial on GPS Trimble site www trimble com Garmin book www garmin com WAAS Information FAA site gps faa gov USGS Mapping and Datums www usgs gov USCG GPS Site www navcen uscg gov Additional Resources e This course was designed to only touch upon the essentials required to obtain good coordinates with a civilian GPS unit The unit is capable of several additional functions To learn more about the features of the GPS unit refer to your user s manual which should have been included in the bo
37. de Area Augmentation Signal obtained Precision vs Accuracy e While the GPS unit may give a coordinate precise to a one meter square several factors will cause the coordinate given to be inaccurate to a certain extant e Prior to 2000 when selective availability was turned on the units were only accurate to 100 meters This means 95 of the time the coordinates would have fallen in the red circle e GPS is now normally accurate to 15 meters yellow circle e With differential correction dGPS the system and atmospheric errors cancel out and the accuracy improves to 3 meters green circle Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 31 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Differential GPS WAAS e dGPS able to reduce several errors lt 3m accuracy e Receiver able to pick up dGPS signal called WAAS e Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS explanation e d DGPS WAAS e The Garmin Etrex is able to pick up the differential GPS dGPS signal produced by the FAA called WAAS or Wide Area Augmentation System The system was designed to allow aircraft to land using GPS e Ground stations throughout North America receive GPS coordinates Since the stations positions are known to within millimeters they record the difference between their actual position and what GPS says e These correction factors are then communicated to a ground station which sends a correction factor back up
38. e GPS system errors are within the FEMA standard of accuracy of 20 meters An DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 29 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Precision vs Accuracy Grid Precision 00 96 1000 meter box 003 960 100 meter box 0039 9609 10 meter box 00391 96091 l meter box Garmin Etrex Vista gives 1 meter precision Bess Precision vs Accuracy e The numbers of digits you record from the GPS define the precision of the coordinates e Asan extra pair of digits is added to the coordinates the area defined becomes more precise e The displayed precision of the Garmin Etrex is one meter e This defines a unique address on the surface of the earth that is one meter by one meter in size The addition of one more set of digits would make the precision define an area of 10 centimeters by 10 centimeters The accuracy of consumer GPS units may approach 10 centimeters by 2010 Notes The one meter precision is for USNG which is used in the example since it 1s decimal based Aerial photograph is of NETC The blue 10 meter box is not drawn to scale but is depicted slightly larger than actual size DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 30 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Precision vs Accuracy 7 Unit precise to meter BUT Accurate to 100 meter when selective availability was turned on Accurate to 15 m under current conditions Accurate to 3 mif WAAS Wi
39. ecember 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Field Operations 15 minutes Photo Credit FEMA Jocelyn Augustino Field Operations e In this section we will cover Obtaining GPS coordinates Where to be standing when taking coordinates How to obtain and plot coordinates with gridded maps How to best document the coordinates Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 42 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations GPS Safety Tips Turn off while driving if not in use Do not place on dash Be aware of potentially dangerous conditions Avoid dangerous atmospheres Photo Credit FEMA Andrea Booher GPS Safety Tips e The GPS unit itself does not present any hazard other than not using in dangerous atmospheres e The GPS unit should not be placed on the dash of your vehicle in case of an accident where it could become a missile It should also not be placed where an airbag deployment could cause it to also become a missile e Its greatest threat is distracting the user from other safety hazards It should be turned off while driving unless you have a second person with you e When obtaining readings be aware of your surroundings and never place yourself in jeopardy to obtain a reading Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 43 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Start Up Location Travel to site Find safest initial l
40. enter Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 39 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Position Format MGRS USNG newer models Map Datum WGS8 amp 4 inserted automatically NAD83 May need to change if using old NAD27 map Features Units Setup USNG d WGS 84 E Statute xl illibars Position Format MGRS Map Dotum WGS84 Distance Speed Yards Elevation Feet Vertical Spd ft min Statute Pressure Millibar s z 03 04 30 E 29 JUL 02 er Other settings not critical Units Ask students how many have the correct format of MGRS and the correct map datum The correct position format is the US National Grid which is shown as MGRS Since the default setting 1s decimal minutes this might need to be changed Use the CLICK STICK to highlight the position format box Hit enter Push the CLICK STICK up to scroll through the format types and locate the MGRS format option Once MGRS is highlighted hit enter to save the setting Newer models have USNG as an option If USNG 1s available use this option Upon entering the position format as MGRS the datum automatically switches to WGS84 This is the correct datum to use WGS84 is identical to NAD83 If using a old paper map that has been gridded to NAD27 the datum can be switched Use the same procedure outlined above to make any changes The Distance Speed elevation depth and pressure are not important for recording
41. enton County Arkansas City of Fort Smith Partners U S ene http jnmviewogc cr usgs gov FindPlace htm Mii anim vi URL HWamviewoge crusgs gow Last aodification 09 14 2005 Envacy Statement Disclaimer FOIA Accessibility Find Place Zoom to Once the Find Place Zoom to box opens click on the Point Longitude Latitude UTM USNG underlined text Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT Ges December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Quality Control ZUSGS Zoom to a Point Select point coordinate format Decimal Degrees Longitude Latitude Decimal Degrees Degrees Minutes and Seconds U S National Grid USNG Coordinat Longitude and Latitud Ze oordinates Guided Entry Quick Entry Enter longitude and latitude values il piversal Transverse Mercator UTM maximum extent will not be displaya UTM Coordinates are negative Longitude Latitude Zoom Level L City E Example coordinates for the Washington Monument Longitude 77 0352809 Latitude 38 83944 7 Zoon ToPon Renta Mena ase Window Partners U S Zoom to a Point DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 66 e The window will switch to Zoom to a Point e On the Select point coordinate format pulldown box select US National Grid USNG Coordinates Guided Entry e Guided entry or quick entry is acceptable The guided entry will break the USNG coordinate into all of its components while the quick entry provides
42. g certain digits are commonly misinterpreted as noted on the slide e Use care with all digits Ask the class What is the number Notes The correct number is 7209 which will be displayed on the second click on the mouse DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 58 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Practical Exercise Section Six Practical Exercise Practical Exercise 35 minutes e Partners Groups e GPS Unit e Follow GPS Practical Exercise form e Document marked locations e Return e Review exercise Photo Credit FEMA ocelyn Augustino Practical Exercise Prior to Class e Select a location where it is possible to acquire satellites large enough for the entire class within easy proximity to the classroom and safe for the students e Some coordination with safety and security may be required prior to the class e Also select a spot that allows for a plausible response scenario While in the Classroom e Passout GPS Practical Exercise handout e Review instructions in handout e Remind class to reassemble in classroom after exercise at specified time During Practical Exercise e Point out scenario locations for the second scenario consider a discrete spot that can be compared in the classroom e Assist students Practical Exercise Review e Upon returning to the classroom review the results of the exercise e Place on the board the coordinates of the scenarios If any students had sig
43. he satellite page e The message box will initially say Wait Tracking Satellites Most of the satellites in the sky plot will be white meaning they have not been locked in A few satellites may be gray indicating a signal has been obtain Satellites in black means the satellites has been acquired and locked in Recall at least three satellites are required before a position can be fixed Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 45 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Time to Acquire Reading On within 4 6 15 30 seconds hours Within 500 45 seconds miles Cold Moved over 500 5 minutes miles Time to Acquire reading e The time it takes to give you coordinates depends upon several factors e A hot start takes about 15 30 seconds A hot start means the unit has already been turned on in the last 4 6 hours and all the almanac data has already been downloaded e A warm start is when the unit has not been turned on within 4 6 hours but it is within 500 miles of the last location is used The additional time is required to download and update the satellite almanac which gives the orbit information of each satellite e A cold start is when the unit has been moved more than 500 miles from the last location it was turned on This can happen frequently within FEMA Initial coordinates may require 5 minutes The unit should be kept flat stationary and in an open area e The very first start
44. illiseconds Signal Components e The satellite transmits three types of information The Almanac or precise orbit information for every GPS satellite is sent A ground control station updates this information every 4 6 hours Each satellite sends out a unique identification called its PRN or Pseudorandom Noise Code This allows the GPS unit to know which satellite the radio signal is coming from The PRN is a series of O and Is that can be likened to a song The GPS unit knows exactly when the song was sent The GPS unit measures the offset of when the song is received from the satellite to determine the time delay The offset 1s similar to determining the distance of a lightning strike by counting the seconds until the thunder is heard Notes Animated GIF demonstrates how the GPS unit compares the PRN received and the once expected to determine time offset DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 24 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Time Delay Distance Time Delay Distance e Signal travels at speed of light c Therefore we know we are e Time delay x c distance located on a sphere 20 446 e If delay 0 0682 s then distance 20 446 km km from satellite Delay 68 2 ms Time Delay Distance e The time delay can then be used to calculate the distance since we know time multiplied by the speed of light equals distance e In our example a delay of 68 2 milliseconds equals 20 4
45. ion Within 500 miles is usually sufficient Press ENTER e If the unit is unable to obtain coordinates after about 5 minutes try a different location in a more open area turn the unit off then try again If this fails makes sure the batteries are fresh and try again If this also fails find the most open location keep the unit still and flat make sure nothing is blocking the antennae and allow the unit to acquire If this fails seek assistance Consider the unit may be defective Notes Cold starts are the most frustrating part of using GPS units Upon obtaining a GPS unit it best to turn it on first in an ideal location with sufficient time The dash of a car is a good location DF109B DRAFT DRAFT GA December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Satellite Page Satellite S Ready to Navigate Status Window Accuracy 40 m Constellation White Grey Black circles Signal Strength bar WAAS info Location coordinates D i 01 03 08 13 19 20 22 27 28 35 __ 18S UJ 00557 Location wcrs 96438 Satellite Page The satellite page gives several pieces of important information The status window at top tells you if still acquiring satellites or once coordinates acquired the current accuracy Note initial accuracy often poor wait at least a minute The sky plot shows the current position of all satellites above the horizon Satellites in the center are directly overhead The inner ci
46. ke estimates It 1s based upon how many meters north of the equator and how many meters east of a reference longitude line In the above example the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial is located 300 589 meters east of the reference line of longitude and 4 396 488 meters north of the equator The Military Grid Reference System MGRS builds upon the UTM system and reduces the number of digits by introducing a two letter 100 000 meter box designator Note the final numbers are the same with UTM and MGRS The US National Grid system is functionally the same as the MGRS In using the older Garmin Etrex series of GPS units MGRS is what will be displayed on the unit Newer and updated software models will display USNG The difference between MGRS and USNG is mostly semantics and how the USNG handles changing datums which will be discussed shortly The USNG 1s the federal standard for reporting coordinates and is therefore the FEMA response standard Notes USNG appears on the Garmin Vista C As of December 2005 the Garmin Vista displays MGRS instead of USNG Garmin plans a software update in 2006 DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 18 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates _ e DS UJ 00589 RS 96488 AY La y V y 2 l weg NI 1 Contiuguous US Albers Projection NAD 83_ USNG Grid Zone Designations GZD e The location box displays a USNG coordinate of the National Fallen
47. lass plastic Blocked by buildings mountains etc Weaker under trees GPS How does it work Notes Currently 29 satellites in 6 different orbital planes with at least four satellites in each orbital plane Arranged so that at least 4 satellites are always visible anywhere on earth Number varies as new satellites are launched and old ones stop working Placed in high orbit 20 200 km 12 000 miles above earth to increase visibility and decrease effects of atmosphere on orbit Satellites come in and out of visibility Therefore the number actually visible various from time to time The satellite constantly transmits 500 watts at a civilian frequency of 1572 42 MHz The signal travels line of sight and is able to pass through clouds glass and plastic Buildings and mountains block the signal The canopy of trees weakens the signal A simple rule of thumb is To see a satellite you need to see the sky The current number of operational satellites can be obtained from http www navcen usceg gov ftp gps status txt Newer satellites will transmit additional civilian signals DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 23 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does It Work Signal Components Almanac telemetry updated location of all satellites Unique Satellite identification code Pseudorandom noise code similar to a song Alignment of PRN code allows GPS receiver to RIDE Offset 68 2 m
48. llite has been downloaded You should also observe the accuracy improve On the West coast the WAAS satellite over the Pacific is number 47 The WAAS satellites are scheduled to be switched from over the ocean to over the continental United States in order to improve reception in October 2006 Current 2005 positions of WAAS satellites are at 176 E amp 54 W In 2006 the WAAS satellites will be positioned over the Alaska and continental US at 133 W amp 102 W DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 33 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Features Features 15 minutes SECTION FOUR Features Section three Features e This section introduces the basic button screens and how to navigate between the screens in order to operate the GPS e We will also verify the proper configuration of the unit to make sure it meets FEMA response standards Notes The IG covers the Garmin Etrex Vista which was established as the standard unit for FEMA s Disaster Information Systems Clearinghouse DISC During the course of instruction other units may be present This is especially true among response resources The instructor should determine which units would be present prior to instructions Even if students are expected to bring their own GPS units it is prudent to check out additional units including extra batteries DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 34 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Feature
49. new out of boxes may require 12 minutes for all of the Almanac data to be downloaded from the satellites to the GPS unit Notes The instructor should be familiar with the procedure to manually change the location When poor reception message box appears highlight and enter New Location then highlight and enter Use Map Use the right zoom buttons to adjust the map to the appropriate size Use the CLICK STICK to move the cursor to the current location and then click enter DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 46 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Cold Starts Automatic Allow unit to attempt on Use Map be DAKOTA startup 5 minutes On Poor Satellite window choose new SOUTH DAKOTA location Then map wee Scroll triangle to 3 location Press ENTER ee a aM LO Wait try second location 80 Point to your approximate location and press ENTER a Ff Cold Starts e The first time a GPS unit is turned on at a disaster will be the longest wait Afterwards it becomes progressively easier to use the GPS unit e The unit will display a Wait Tracking Satellites when turned on If unable to acquire satellites it will display a poor satellite reception window that gives four options For cold starts choose the New Location option Then select the Use Map option e Once the map is displayed use the CLICK STICK to scroll to an approximation of your current locat
50. nificantly different answers check their configurations Alternative Practical Exercise e Select one discrete location and ask students to obtain a coordinate DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 59 December 2005 GPS Practical 1 Name 2 Location 3 Date Time Exercise II Section A Initialization Instructions Please record the requested information If the block is grayed out it is not required to fill in the box 4 Turn on the GPS outside if already on turn off and then back on and go to the satellite page by pressing the page button twice Record the total number of satellites the unit has initially acquired 5 The moment the GPS unit gives coordinates record the initial accuracy then record the total number of satellites 6 One minute after recording the initial accuracy record the new accuracy and number of satellites 7 Two minutes later once again record the accuracy and number of satellites 8 Wait for a differential signal indicated by the letter D in the signal bar satellite 35 or 47 wait an additional two minutes then record the accuracy and number of satellites If after a total of 5 minutes unable to get a dGPS signal skip to section B 8 Two minutes after Differential Signal Section B Interference Instructions Section B allows the user to experiment with various factors that may block or weaken the GPS signal The GPS unit must be on the satellite page for all activities in order to view the accuracy 9
51. ocation Dash of vehicle GPS radio signal goes through glass Flat and level held away from body Open Area Clear view of sky Stationary Wait Start up location e Travel to the worksite with the GPS off e Upon arriving fine a safe initial location This may often be where you have parked The GPS unit will be able to obtain a signal through a car s windshield in case of inclement weather e The GPS antenna is designed to work best when kept flat horizontal Either on a surface or in your hand The antenna also works better when held away from the body e The more open the area the better the reception When using the GPS unit for the first time at a disaster a clear view of the sky is even more important e During initialization it is best to keep the unit still Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 44 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Start Up Sequence ean a Satellite 1678 Wait Tracking Satellites Ca Ge a d defteg i f Ca D 4 BR CR l al e Press and hold power button e Press Page button twice Satellite page Start Up sequence e Press and hold the power button for at least one second e The Etrex copyright page will appear The six satellites represent the six orbital planes the actual satellites follow e Press the page button to move to the legal liability page Press the page button a second time to get t
52. on The second mouse click shows better geometry with additional satellites DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 28 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Sources of Error Sources of Error e The following chart summarizes all of the errors caused by the GPS system Many of these errors can be corrected by using differential GPS DGPS which we will discuss later All of these errors will be further magnified by poor satellite geometry e Prior to turning off selective availability in 2000 this was clearly the largest source of error e Bubbling within the ionosphere and troposphere which delays the radio signal now causes the largest source of error GPS becomes less accurate during solar flares and in the late evening due to the effects of space weather e Errors caused by the satellite include minor drifts in the atomic clocks and departures from the predicted orbits e Errors caused by the GPS units include minor errors in the offset delay of the PRN code and receiver noise e Multipath error is caused by the radio signal reflecting off mountains or buildings and taking slightly longer to reach the GPS unit e The overall accuracy of the GPS system is now 15 meters e Differential correction is able to correct for all the sources of error except for those caused by the GPS unit and multipath error and improves accuracy to 3 meters explanation of dGPS will shortly follow A Emphasiz
53. on two introduces basics of mapping different coordinate systems and how to use the US National Grid USNG In order to give students a better appreciation of why they are asked to follow certain operational protocol the basics of GPS theory are covered in optional section three Section four covers the features found in a Garmin Etrex Vista that are applicable to the collection of coordinates In addition during this section the students will either confirm or configure their GPS unit to the FEMA standards This section will utilize both lecture and demonstration thus requiring the student to have a GPS unit in hand Section five covers field operations and shows the student steps required to standardize coordinate collection from a variety of sites Scenarios are presented in pictures of actual sites that the class must determine the correct location to take a reading from In section six the class moves outside in order to collect actual readings and conduct several exercises that demonstrate how the GPS unit works In section seven the students return to the classroom setting to verify that the readings they obtained are accurate when compared to either web based mapping programs or software based basic mapping programs Both lecture and a demonstration of either the Internet programs or software applications are presented In the summary the key points reviewed Course Deployment Delivery The course will be delivered as a one day course to FEMA
54. owever it is nearly impossible to accurately plot Decimal Degree coordinates onto a paper map in the field without a computer program e Degrees Decimal minutes are historically used by aviation and mariners One arc minute equals one nautical mile or the distance of one knot per hour One nautical mile is slightly longer than a statue mile 1 14 Degrees Decimal minutes are the default setting on a Garmin Etrex GPS unit Many users use this format since they don t know how to change the setting This causes many user errors for FEMA e Some people may also be familiar with the degree minute and second format Where 60 seconds make a minute Notes Coordinates are shown as they appear on the GPS unit and mark the same spot DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 17 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates Plane Coordinate Systems e Universal Transverse e Decimal based coordinate system _ EE UTM eEasiest to use in field igs 0300589 eLeast amount of errors Location 4396488 88 e Basis of USNG e US National Grid USNG eUSNG and MGRS Military Grid Ref System functionally the same eUSNG Federal Grid j a Standard 18S UJ 00589 sz ES e USNG FEMA Response Standard Plane Coordinate Systems Universal Transverse Mercator UTM is considered a plane coordinate system since it is based upon a perfect square plane It is based upon meters making it possible to apply standard grids and ma
55. r public assistance FEMA staff who enter GPS coordinates FEMA staff who use or interpret coordinates GPS for Disaster Response Operations COURSE STRUCTURE STRATEGY All participants will be prepared for an environment of interactive lectures class participation demonstrations and working independently or in groups to complete designed group activities Participants will be encouraged to apply their existing program skills and knowledge as well as those newly acquired in challenging and dynamic scenarios Students will be required to demonstrate their acquisition of the skills and knowledge through a practical exercise conducted outside or wherever it is possible to acquire satellites Students will complete a practical exercise worksheet Two manuals are provides for the course a Student Manual and an Instructor s Guide The student materials are produced from printing the PowerPoint presentation handouts three or six to a page The student s should also be given the GPS job aid METHODOLGOY The course requires both delivery in the classroom environment and outside Since students are required to see screenshots from the GPS receivers units the class cannot be delivered solely outside unless teaching to less than three students After introducing the section the instructor will give a brief overview of the use of GPS coordinates and mapping Current problems with the collection of accurate coordinates will be presented Secti
56. rcle represents 45 degrees The outer circle represents the horizon The letters represent North South East and West North is always at the top regardless of what direction the GPS unit is facing The initial location of the satellites is based upon the last time the unit was turned on White circles indicate a signal has not been received from the satellite Gray circle represent the satellite has been found but not locked on Black circles represent satellites that are fully acquired The signal bar gives the relative strength of the signal from each satellite It will display a small D once it receives WAAS correction information The bottom location window gives the current coordinates A Emphasize initial accuracy poor Waiting an additional minute or two often greatly improves the accuracy of the coordinate DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 48 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations After initial location reading f Ready to Navigate Accuracy improves with time Accuracy 2 m Walk around Observe constellation Wait for better geometry ty oc 28 Siess 18S UJ 00589 Location mers After initial location reading e The accuracy of the coordinates improves with time Therefore don t record the initial coordinates that first appear e Walk around to verify the coordinates are changing as you walk The last digit represents about a meter A small change in location may help acquire additional sa
57. rth or south of the Equator up to the poles which are 90 Lines of latitude are parallel to each other e Notice how longitude narrows as it gets closer to the poles It is known as a spherical coordinate system e Latitude and longitude are important is establishing the Grid Zone Designations used in the US National Grid USNG Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 16 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Maps and Coordinates Lat Long Coordinate Formats e Decimal Degrees hddd ddddd e Easiest to enter into GIS e Currently used by FEMA N 38 04417 Public Assistance PA Location W078 49839 e Degrees Decimal Minutes eUsed by aviation and maritime hddd mm mmm since one arc minute equals one N 38 02 650 nautical mile Location wo7s 29 903 eDefault setting on new GPS e Degrees Minutes Seconds hdd mm ss s eHistorical N 38 02 39 0 Location aie 29 53 9 Latitude Longitude Coordinate Formats e Several different formats exist for giving coordinate positions The two major formats are based upon latitude and longitude or a decimal based grid Latitude and longitude coordinates are given in three different formats e Decimal Degrees is the easiest to program with and is used in many Geographic Information System GIS software programs It is also the easiest to input into a computer It is the format used by FEMA s Public Assistance program H
58. s Features of eTrex Vista P butt e Antenna location EES Move bar code to back of unit Power button Hold unit flat me Les Light Battery Compartment H On back e Click Stick 5 AA 12 hours e Zoom buttons Water Resistant Features of eTrex Vista e Features located on the front CLICK STICK used to navigate screens similar to a joystick push straight in for enter Antenna built in located under world logo Can be degraded by hand or bar codes If issued a GPS unit with bar code on front move it to the back The antenna is designed to work best when the unit is held flat horizontal and away from body e Features located on the back Battery compartment water resistant if shut properly 1 meter of water for 30 minutes Data Connector with supplied cable allows up and downloading information e Left Side Power Button flat button with I and lamp icon Press in at least a second to turn on off Page Button button on top with pages icon Used to switch various pages e Right Side Zoom button magnify glass icon Contrast button two buttons with up and down arrows Works only on skyplot page Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 35 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Features Notification Message Satellite fa After turning GPS on x Tracking Satellites If inside unable to SR find any satellites Poor Satellite
59. t Up Sequence Previewing the Main Pages The eTrex Vista operates on two AA battenes which are eg eg carr All of the mfommation you meed to operate the eTrex Vista is placed in the back of the umit Rechargeable Alkaline ne POWER i 3 SUE W found o the five Main Pages or display screens To NiMH NiCad or Lithium batteries may bution preview these pages press the PAGE button to cycle fom be used but cannot be changed im the umit 0 Press the gne paze to the mexi AE E E ee PAGE boren eee CT Stored data will mot be lost when to acknowledee he EI eee 2 k changing the batteries he copyright E Lee E W Leet x 3 Press PAGE vue KH kand a ee EE To mstall the Batteries burton again for KC EA wi Zug IK Ca Cp pn wee l Remove the battery cover fom Geer the back of the unt Satellite Paza by tuming the D mek 1a EE Satellite Page Coordinates visual reference of satellites me stm The first time ees becns tacked cownter clackwise rs Map Page Displays movements on map and pullime oat wakeup to mimes to establich a position Navigation Faze Used with go to famctions Sa Find a safe initial start up location which Altimeter Page Current elevation ascent mio 2 Insert the battemes mg i allows a clear view of the sky in an open area Trip Computer Trip and navigation data Observie proper Weep the Vista flat level and stationary Mann Mem Used to set comiizuration polarity as sho
60. t work Frontage Best location outside of building at front door side A a couple of meters away from the wall If the building has an address take from side of building address comes from Linear Not applicable Notes Show pictures let students discuss then give solution DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 52 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Photo Credit FEMA Robert Eplett Example of choosing location e Bridge collapse due to earthquake Determine where to take GPS reading from Solution Safety Earthquake possible aftershocks Avoid climbing on fallen slab standing under standing parts of bridge Rule of thumb keep back 1 5 times height of structure See Satellites Should be good except for under bridge Centered May use a centered approach near where bridge inspectors are standing Linear Also acceptable standing at the two approaches for the bridge on stable ground Notes Show pictures let students discuss then give solution DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 53 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Photo Credit FEMA George Armstrong Example Building e The damaged facility is a public building destroyed by a tornado Ask the class to determine the location from which to take a GPS reading based upon safety satellite visibility centering frontage and linear Solution Safety Avoid scrambling to the
61. tellites e Look at the sky plot If some satellites are still in gray it is often worthwhile to wait until they are acquired e Look at the status of satellite 35 or 47 If gray or black it is worthwhile to wait until they download the dGPS information D should start appearing in the signal strength bar e Look at the overall geometry If all the currently available satellites are in close together try waiting until additional satellites become available Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 49 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Where to take readings Safest location at site See satellites Close to center Front address Side A Linear Where to take readings Once several satellites are acquired you are ready to take a reading The first priority is choosing a location is your safety The second priority is a location that allows you to see satellites For this reason you may not be able to stand in the middle or even right next to a large structure The third priority is to get as close to the center of the facility or location as possible It may not always be possible to achieve this If unable to get to the center move to the front of the facility on the side it has a physical address if applicable Typically called side A For linear features take two readings One at the start and one at the end Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 50 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response
62. tion of S Seton Ave and Main St in the center of Emmitsburg If the team is local then the coordinate would only need to be 035 975 Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 56 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Documentation Coordinates taken from GPS Satelite Je Ready to Navigate Accuracy 2 m satellite page Check format MGRS or USNG Write down as appear on unit include GZD amp 100 000 meter Sq ID Consider Way Point TAKE TIME TO WRITE CLEARLY Documentation The coordinates from the GPS unit need to be recorded onto field notes During this step the potential for several significant errors is possible The coordinates are found on the location window of the satellite page Make sure the format is MGRS or USNG If the unit is configured for another format it should be changed in the field Write down all the components shown in the location box Locations may also be stored in the GPS unit by using Way points Press and hold the enter ClickStick until the way point page appears The way point may be named or given a default name Refer to the user s manual to learn more about how to use way points Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 57 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations Field Notes to PW Some digits easily confused 9 and 4 j l 1 and 7 0 and 6 2 and 7 Field Notes to PW e In reading other people s handwritin
63. tions D Ki D Fh Ea changes checks fro g e GR j Setup Accessories Setup page sara y 29 JUL O2 Routes Tracks Main Menu e Use the page button to move to the main menu e Six sub menus are available We will only be using the setup menu to check configuration settings e Tell the class who will provide configuration on this disaster e Everyone needs to know how to check or reset to proper configuration e Use CLICK STICK to highlight setup icon and then push in Notes Prior to class the instructor should determine the configuration protocol for the particular disaster Configuration may be done by the APO on checkout by PA on checking out by technical services ESF 5 GIS section or by the user The units are not configured by DISC and FEMA configuration is different than the default settings A job aid is provided that also gives configuration settings Slide shows setup menu from both Vista C color and Vista black and white DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 38 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Features Setup Menu e Options Icons e We will discuss Ce Tor of Bei Time Units Page Seq System Es ES S Geocache ZD Dis ploy He od ing Heading Calibration l S t Interface System 03 05 37 ey 29 UD 2 Setup Menu e Several icons are found on the setup menu We will only need to discuss the units and system e Use CLICK STICK to highlight the Units icon and push down to
64. top of the debris pile unless a 1 meter accurate reading is required for life safety Satellite visibility Should be good Centered Getting to the center would require climbing the debris pile Frontage Best location outside of building at former front door a couple of meters away from the former wall Linear Not applicable Show pictures let students discuss then give solution DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 54 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Field Operations A Maliin J endiesenae a A be d 1 4 ow e ZS 007 00 00 U S National Grid USHG oe meter grid Read Right Easting hen Up Northing rid Zone Desi or 18 EE EE 99664 USHG ee Square wy ae K i National Fallen Firefighter Memorial 0059 9649 Using Grid Coordinates e The students are asked to perform two tasks The first is to use coordinates in the second to obtain coordinates e Using the supplied coordinates 18S UJ 00347 96456 ask the students to determine which building letter corresponds to those coordinates In order to increase participation ask the class to write down the letter before revealing answer e For the second part of the exercise point out the helicopter landing pad circled in red Ask the students to write down the USNG coordinate e A copy of the map is available in the student handout section Solution Part 1 The coordinates 18S UJ
65. ven to the initial distance to each satellite A final correction is made for minor differences in time which will be explained in the next slide Notes Slide contains animation First click adds third sphere Second click adds arrow to excluded spot Third and final click adds arrow to location on earth DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 26 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations GPS How Does it Work Time Correction Error of 1 1000 second 186 m Atomic Clocks used in Satellites Quartz Clock in GPS receiver Needs to be corrected Corrected by seeing fourth satellite Time Correction Accurate time is critical to obtaining an accurate position An error of one millisecond or 1 1000 of a second equals 186 meters Onboard the GPS satellites are atomic clocks accurate to IT seconds However the GPS unit only has a quartz clock accurate to only 10 seconds Therefore the GPS unit must receive corrected time This is done by receiving the signal from a fourth satellite and performing some simple algebraic equations The illustrations demonstrate how the GPS unit determines the correct time e On screen As previously discussed the distances of the three satellites should intersect at one discrete point near the earth s surface e First click However if the GPS unit clock is running too fast the ranges will overlap e Second click If the GPS unit clock is running too slow the ranges will not touch
66. will discuss this page in more detail later e Map Page The Etrex has a built in world map Major roads and towns of the entire US are also provided You may zoom in and out of the map using the zoom buttons on the unit s right side e Navigation Page The Vista has a built in electronic compass This page is also used when trying to navigate to a specific point e Altimeter Page The Vista also has a built in Altimeter that measures barometric pressure e Trip Computer The trip computer has a speedometer odometer and several other features e Main Menu Page We will use this page to check the GPS unit s configuration settings Once properly configured this page will not need to be checked again unless changing the map datum Emphasize the satellite page is the only page needed on a regular basis and will appear on its own Main menu page only needed for initial configuration and checking battery status The Altimeter should not be relied upon for flood survey work GPS derived altitudes have an accuracy of only about 75 feet With WAAS the vertical accuracy is good to about 10 feet DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 37 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Features Main Menu Reached by page button LE gem Use Click Stick to e D Io TE z in Mark move within page Somme Need to et Gi configure check i ds e gt settings when issued D GPS Proximity Vi Ge A i l All configura
67. wn at the meht i E onatde to acquire satellites unit displays poor 3 Reinstall the battery cover by tuming the D Ring satellite reception window azn clockwise select new location option It is critical that your eTrex Vista is properly configured to e Then select Use MAP option FEMA Response standards From the Mam Menu go to the Use CLICK STICE to scroll to coment Setup Meno The conect configuration for the Unts and location amd Press ENTER System are below Using the Button Functions The LOO IN awd OUT buttons s pT _ x The PAGE buit e Whenon the Satellite Page Press to adjusttbe zb j Pres to cecle throueh SCTRST COMMAS 3 raih zen l SCH e When on the Map Page press to Zoom in and ot le ze The POWER button The CLICK STICK Ea ooo onm When moved or pressed in this button clicks sy ees e Press to enter highlighted options or confirm i backlizhtine PE DEE e Movelp Down or Right Left to move through lists nizhieht fleids on screen button toons enter data OF move The mip panning AO
68. x with the GPS If not included it may be obtain on line directly from Garmin at www garmin com e Two sites give a more detailed tutorial on how the GPS works e The FAA has a site that gives additional information on the current system with several links e For more information on mapping and Datums visit the US Geological Survey page e The US Coast Guard also maintains a web page that gives a daily map of what areas of the US will have good or bad satellite geometry Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 75 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Summary Questions Questions e Ask students if any questions remain Notes DF109B DRAFT DRAFT IG 76 December 2005 GPS for Disaster Response Operations Appendix A Instructions for Printing Student Manual The student manual consists of the following parts e Printing PowerPoint slide handouts notes 3 per page e Copy of NETC Orthographic map PDF version available Appendix B e Copy of Emmitsburg topographic map PDF version available Appendix C e Copy of Practical Exercise Worksheet Appendix D e Copy of GPS Job Aid Appendix E Printing Student Manuals from Slides e Open the PowerPoint presentation e From the file menu go to print e On the print screen menu o Change from color to pure Grayscale o Use the arrow down key to choose Handouts o Change the slides per page to 3 lines will be included automatically Then click OK E

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