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1. Switch K VM Server Storage Server e notes this field allows to introduce some arbitrary text with a maximum length of 255 characters The last two fields are starting_pos and num_u These fields mean at what position within the RACK does the machine start And how many rack units does it take going upward For example a machine of a single U placed at the top of the RACK will start at position 42 and it will take 1U Those fields are both tiny integers just use one unsigned byte to store each of them 4 4 1 Query example Now let us put in example some optimized queries taking advantage of this model The next query is solving the next statement Get the position of a RACK and the coordinates of the electrical phase associated to it This query is required to print the lines that join the RACK with each electrical phase in the overview First we will present the relation algebra and then the SQL query wararobe wararove Fresponsible Gnachine wardrobe position wardrobe phase id phase x phase posy SELECT wardrobe pos_x pos_y FROM SELECT wardrobe phase FROM machine A JOIN wardrobe B ON A wardrobe B position WHERE responsible aitor C JOIN phase D ON C phase D id Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 66 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 Results and evaluation The coding phase took place but we do not consider relevant including code det
2. The application must provide a page to show the last consumption record of each RACK The data will be displayed in a table The phases are divided into sroups Phase R Phase S and Phase T Each group is painted in a separated table FR_1007 Yes 4 4 Clarity Necessity Table 21 SR Consumption page FR_2008 Add new record FR_2008 ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes Add new record Administrators Type Functional Consumption page must contain a button to add a new record This button will display a form with two fields RACK This will be a list with the RACKs of the room Value This field is a numeric input of four digits two integers and two decimals FR_1007 Yes 5 4 Aitor P rez Cedr s Clarity Necessity Table 22 SR Add new record P gina 37 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2009 RACK view ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2009 Type Functional RACK view Regular users administrator The application must show the RACK information of a wardrobe when it is clicked in overview page It must display the RACK information such us name interfaces and subnets FR_1008 Yes Clarity 4 4 Necessity 4 4 This content should be rendered asynchronously in the main page instead of refreshing the page or sending to another
3. e Consumption_query php this class generates a JSON object with an array of records to populate the line chart of historical records e Query_machine php this class also generates a JSON with the information of a machine which can very easily access to retrieve the information from This object is destroyed after the content is rendered to avoid unauthorized access We have as well classes for just committing the data from a form for instance from a machine form We can use this class for adding a machine or editing an existent one since the action of gather the data of a machine and commit it into database is abstracted here Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 59 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Then we have some utility classes for instance logout php which is responsible of freeing the resources from a PHP session once the user logs out Then we also have check_if_logged php this class is responsible of checking if the user is properly logged in the system And finally we have check_login php this class is responsible of logging users into the system if they provide a valid username and password as well as creating a proper session instance for this user to identify him We have by other hand the component includes who is responsible of defining very common general operations in the system for instance connecting to database All committers in logic component connect to database b
4. and click the proper button to save the changes Following this sequence just takes four interactions with the application it may seem a bit long but it actually is not because some intermediate steps are also final goals e g query RACK and query machine so those middle steps are easy to learn and remember so learning this new long activity is just doing two more interactions with the system Each activity is designed to fulfill a user need We have decided to implement a main page for managing RACKs and machines Instead of moving through pages to visualize a RACK we are taking advantage of JavaScript to generate a dynamic interface The main idea is to put the RACKs in the edges of the interface and leave the middle space for presenting different content depending on user interaction In this way we are creating a rich and interactive application where the user can explore just by clicking elements of the interface However not every element is interactive in order to make distinction between interactive and not interactive the mouse pointer will change when it enters a region of interactive element giving a hint of what can be the result of the interaction For instance when the mouse enters hover a RACK element the mouse pointer changes to a magnifying glass providing the sensation of I can explore this element However we do not want to overload the main page to avoid this we are using dialogs pop out dialogs withi
5. color type notes starting_pos num_u Figure 21 Machine relation The relation machine relation is along with wardrobe the main focus of the problem and the design This relation has a field name which refers to machine name it is a string of 20 characters max length it can content almost any character of a string to define the name of the machine It has also another field called wardrobe which is also a foreign key referencing the wardrobe relation This field has the mean to tell us to what RACK the machine belongs to Following the data type of wardrobe s primary key it is a small integer and it refers to his parent primary key Then we have a field responsible it makes reference to the name of the user responsible of this machine i e the user who can see the machine This field is a foreign key referencing allowed_user primary key This field together with name are the primary key of this relation machine Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 65 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The relation also has some other non null fields to gather the information of a particular machine e os Operating System e ip IP address It is validated against a regular expression to check that only valid addresses of IPv4 are stored e color the color of the machine This field is an enumerated type Bright Dark e type this defines the kind of machine It is also an enumerated type UPS
6. gina 82 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Figure 37 COCOMO SLOC input In this table we have to input the data we gathered into the table Since the application does not have PHP as Language we are choosing HTML 3 0 because it has a similar change multiplier with PHP and JS We have a total of 181 function points with a change multiplier of 15 COCOMO estimates 2715 lines of code 6 http sunset usc edu csse research COCOMOII cocomo_main html Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 83 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Now we have to adjust the scale factors Figure 38 COCOMO scale factors e Precedents We consider that we are experienced programming PHP and JavaScript also we have experience designing user interfaces and databases e Development Flexibility We consider that we have a lot of flexibility in the project However project requirements may change during the development e Architecture We do not have to take actions to risk resolution e Team cohesion Extra high cohesion because the team has only one member Now let us go for the schedule wa Cercei Wem BN Figure 39 COCOMO Schedule We have a strict deadline for the project so we consider a very low schedule Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 84 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE base incr rating RCPX RUSE PDIF
7. 4 Programming languages In order to develop our application we have to develop our web application by using some back end language which can be integrated with Apache web server For that purpose we have chosen PHP as server languages because we already have experience from User Interfaces course and it allows us to develop applications in a short time Moreover PHP has a lot of support from the community and it is easy to learn and to use We have chosen to use JavaScript as client side language because it had a lot of impact and increase of popularity in the last few years becoming a trending topic JS also has a lot of libraries to support and ease the development of client side logic allowing us to create dynamic web pages with very little effort 2 2 4 1 JavaScript HTML documents can also contain a script e g JavaScript this script can change the content of the web page or alter the behavior of the browser This script allows making HTML documents dynamic in some extent The use of JavaScript has become very popular in the last year especially with the emergence of Google Chrome browser and the improvements on Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Internet Explorer also made his improvements on his JavaScript engine Chakra obtaining more performance than Firefox 4 who uses SpiderMonkey but it stills being slower than Chrome who uses V8 Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 19 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITO
8. 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e DML Data Manipulation Language e DDL Data Definition Language e GitHub Web portal for storing your repositories using the tool Git e Git Control version system created by Linus Torvald e AJAX Asynchronous Javascript And XML e XML Extensible Markup Language e SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol e HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol e XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol e JSON JavaScript Object Notation e ESA European Space Agency e CSS Cascading Style Sheet e SSL Secure Socket Layer e TLS Transport Layer Security e XSS Cross Site Scripting e RDBMS Relational Database Management System e LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol e COCOMO Constructive Const Model e IIS Internet Information Services e PDF Portable Document Format e CD Compact Disc e XSS Cross Site Scripting 1 4 Overview This document presents the required documentation for developing understanding and evaluating the project It starts introducing the project objectives and motivation setting its main objectives Then we define the state of the art where it is introduced the definition of a Data Centre its main characteristics its common problems and typical solutions to solve them it is also defined some specific language used in Data Centers e g RACK Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 10
9. Google Home CEN Com n a s le 7 D Arcos A er Cammy i 5 res emm SS o o Scalab E f Ai Donaci n_arcos Sintonia i a 1 1 Evannai LAB Computer Science and Engineering Department lab lab inf uc3m es Figure 7 Overview page The figure above is the main page it is also called Overview This page is shown right after successful login and it provides an overview of the room distribution where each big rectangle represents a RACK the small ones represent electric phases In this prototype we did not connect the RACKs to electric phases because the tool Axure RP Pro 6 did not provide any tool to draw arbitrary lines between elements since it is one of the current limitations of HTML 4 In this view you can click in any RACK to make the wardrobe view fade in Then you can edit the wardrobe information add a new machine or click in Jean Luc Picard machine to switch to Machine View Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 46 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE A HTMLS EA ototypes PFC start html e KI Google Computer Science and Engineering Department pmm if Arcos A Ca Com n EE oa Arcos A Jean Luc Picard Scalab i Donaci n_arcos EES ss Sintonia Evannai E Computer Science and Engineering Department lab lab inf uc3m es F
10. Relational model ni a ia 62 Fig re 18 Wardrobe rela O a 63 Figute 19 Phase Gel at ii 64 Figure 20 Consumption record relation ustensiles 65 Foire 21 Machine TAO ata it 65 Figure 22 Overview page as admin A A 68 Figure 23 RACK view as admin E 69 Figure 24 Edit RACK said 71 Figure NEE a a 12 a Ee 43 Figure 27 C o s mpt n PAS nn ann Ee Ee 74 Figure 28 Historical consumption sons nee idiesnidiindeennsainisse 75 Fig re 29 Directory E 17 Figure 30 Loin Seront ds dee EEN 79 Fig re 3l Oy fyiew SCOR AA e 79 Figure E 80 Figure 33 Rack edition screen iii di 80 Figure EE 81 Figure 35 Machine clio SOS nent nn 81 Figure 36 Consumption Sorolla 82 Foire 37 COCOMO S ECC TOP aportadas 83 Figure 38 COCOMO scale factors viii 84 Figure 39 COCOMO SOUS na tu neue 84 Figure 40 COCOMO Correction Lactobs ninas 85 Figure 41 COCOMO Final result ici 86 Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 6 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE List of tables Table 1 Requirement template sio 21 Table 2 ER 1001 Sign Up eines nds ni 27 Table TE EE 28 Table4 E Change Pass Or A 28 Table 5 FR 1004 Delete 46000 28080 prete nant AER EE 29 Table 6 FR_1005 Room distribution cece cccesescececccccseeesscesceccccssseensesceceesseesenensnss 29 Table 7 PR 1006 Room temperature si en nent ete our nb etats 30 Table PR 1007 CONSO admin none 30 Table 9 FR_1008 Query RACK information ses 31 Table 10 FR_1009 Manage RACK saciar riales 31 Ta
11. Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes Aitor P rez Cedr s FR_2002 Type Functional Check if logged Web server The application must check if the user is logged any time he tries to access a private page i e any page but login FR 1002 Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 5 5 The password field must not show the password in plain text A submit button must be provided Table 16 SR Check if logged P gina 34 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2003 User management view ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2003 Type Functional User management view Administrator The application should provide a view for user management In this view the administrators can sign up new users delete existing ones and change users password FR_1001 FR_1003 FR_1004 FR1011 Yes Clarity 5 4 Necessity 3 3 There should be a way to manage users from the application or from other external application Table 17 SR User management view FR_2004 Overview page ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2004 Type Functional Overview page Regular users administrators The application must provide a page showing an overview of the room distribution This page also should display a small section with the temperature of the room FR_1005 Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 5
12. also easier to read making him a more interesting option than XML in many cases Moreover it has libraries for many languages so it ensures interoperability between languages of generated strings of JSON Although not always is needed a library for parsing JSON for instance PHP and JS have native support for parsing JSON strings Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 22 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 2 3 ESA Standard We are applying ESA Standard methodology to analyze track develop and evaluate the project and its status ESA Standard methodology is a standard developed by the European Space Agency ESA This methodology has a simplified version called ESA LITE this simplified version is recommended for small projects We are using this methodology learnt in Software Development Projects Management course A software project can be considered to be small if one or more of the following criteria apply e Less than two man years of development effort is needed e A single development team of five people or less is required e The amount of source code is less than 10000 lines excluding comments One or more of the following strategies are often suitable for small projects producing non critical software e Combine the software requirements and architectural design phases e Simplify documentation and plans e Reduce the reliability requirements Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 23 de 97
13. and the presentation rules The css component is the Cascade Style Sheets which defines rules for rendering the data in the HTML as well as providing layout definition for HTML elements The static component holds some static files which means they do not change over the time or by an interaction from user and it provides static content e g images and user manual The javascript component has classes and some logic to make the content of the HTML User Interface pseudo dynamic it is pseudo dynamic because it is not actually changing the content of the user interface but just showing and hiding it However this component can also asynchronously change the content of the web page in response of a user interaction e g pressing a button but it respects the design restriction that only the business logic layer can access the data layer so this component just sends input events from the user interface to the logic layer which are processed and sent back then the javascript component changes only specific parts of the web page with the new data received from the logic layer Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 52 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The next figure shows the presentation layer component diagram Figure 13 Presentation layer The business logic layer has two components One is the logic responsible of processing filtering and sanitizing user inputs It also is responsibl
14. have already a prototype version of the application deployed under https cpd lab inf uc3m es our machine has a Debian Squeeze as Operating System and it fulfills the recommended software requirements listed above Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 76 de 97 The application has to follow the next directory tree Root Document includes logic js This tree must be followed because the prototype has relative routes to access images and scripts php static css images pdf css php png Images jquery gif jpg png Figure 29 Directory tree APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 3 Software Project Management In this chapter we are making an effort estimation using COCOMO and function points COCOMO stands for Constructive Cost Model it is an algorithmic software cost estimation model The model uses a basic regression formula with parameters that are derived from historical project data and current project characteristics We are including here a Gantt chart for planning the development process based on the estimation obtained from COCOMO And we also include a budget of the project 5 3 1 Software estimation We have made the estimation from the initial prototype built with Axure RP Pro 6 For effort estimation we are using COCOMO and we are getting funct
15. his entrance in the market obtaining 100 100 in Acid3 1 test 2 2 3 Databases A database is an application that manages data and allows fast storage and retrieval of that data There are different types of database but the most popular is a relational database that stores data in tables where each row in the table holds the same sort of information In the early 1970s Ted Codd an IBM researcher devised 12 laws of normalization These apply to how the data is stored and relations between different tables Databases are manipulated and queried by using a language called SQL which will be defined in the next chapter We also will explain the relational RDBMS MySQL because we have chosen to work with it 2 2 3 1 Standard SOL SQL stands for Structured Query Language It was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar P Codd the author of the relation model However it do not respect at all the relational model proposed by Codd it became the most widely used database language SQL is specific purpose for relational database management systems RDBMS SQL is a declarative language to provide access to databases This language allows declaring operations over the data which can modify the state of the data or just query and serve it The language also includes a Data Definition Language DDL which is used to define the relations and the data type of those relations DDL is also used for altering or modifying the structure of the dat
16. means for administrator users to assign a user as responsible of a particular machine so that user is able to see the RACK in the room distribution Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 4 4 Table 11 FR_1010 Assign responsible FR_1011 User management ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1011 Type Functional User management Administrators Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrator users to manage system users The administrator shall be able to sign up a new user delete a user search a user by name and change the role of a user in the system assign him as a machine responsible or demote him from machine responsible A user may be registered in the application but it does not mean he is responsible of a machine Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 4 Necessity 4 4 Table 12 FR_1011 User management Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 32 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_1012 Consumption statistics ID FR_1012 Type Functional Name Consumption statistics Actors Administrators Description Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrator users to query statistics and graphs about historical data of consumption records The graphs shall allow filter by date and time Source Project tutor Verifiability Yes Clarity 5 Stability 4 Necessity 4 Priority 4 Notes Table 13 FR_1012 Consumption statistic
17. page Table 23 SR RACK view FR_2010 Edit RACK view ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2010 Type Functional Edit RACK view Administrators The RACK view must provide a button to administrator so they can edit the information of a RACK The changes not committed shall be able to be undone This view must provide also a button to commit changes and a button to discard the changes FR_1009 Yes Clarity 4 5 Necessity 4 4 Table 24 SR Edit RACK view Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 38 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2011 Delete RACK ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2011 Type Functional Delete RACK Administrators The application must provide a button in RACK view to delete the RACK The machines and consumptions associated to delete RACK shall be deleted as well FR_1009 Yes Clarity 4 4 Necessity 4 4 Table 25 SR Delete RACK FR_2012 Add machine ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2012 Type Functional Add machine Administrators The application must provide a button in RACK view to add a new machine to the RACK This button should display a form to fulfill machine data and a submit button to send the form to the server so it can commit changes FR_1009 FR_1010 Yes Clarity 4 4 Necessity
18. records Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 Necessity 4 Table 8 FR_1007 Consumption Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 30 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_1008 Query RACK information ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1008 Type Query RACK information Administrator regular user Functional Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrator users to query any RACK information A regular user can only query a RACK if he has a machine inside it Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 Necessity 4 Table 9 FR_1008 Query RACK information FR_1009 Manage RACK ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1009 Type Manage RACK Administrators Functional Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrator users to add to edit or delete any RACK information The system shall also provide a view to add move edit query or delete a machine to a RACK schema Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 Necessity 4 Table 10 FR_1009 Manage RACK Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 31 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_1010 Assign responsible ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1010 Type Functional Assign responsible Administrators Data Center Guardian shall provide the
19. sc 69 5 1 1 3 TINO vicecccccccccssesessssececscsececsesucecsvsucacsesecavevsucarssecarsvencacsvsecavsnsacarssecavasasarsesecevsesacarsecavevaeeacees 71 5 1 1 4 Detailed machines Vie Wind atada 72 5 1 1 5 Edita machete 73 KE dE ee 74 3 1 1 7 Consumption Gate iii id ta ideada 75 5 2 SOFTWARE TRANSFER occccccccononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononononenenenaninanonos 76 5 3 SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT 78 3 3 SOIN ONE ESTI Ad A Dan a 78 3 3 2 A ii iaa 88 O EE E e EE E rE ER AEE E OR 92 6 CONCLUSIONS store eessen s cosescscesesessesesses 94 6 1 TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE ovina dates 94 6 2 PERSONAL CONCLUSIONS iii i n 95 63 FUTURE WORKS a do de e dol 96 Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 5 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE List of Figures Figure 1 Marenostrum dadlacotvnciiniiia 12 Figure 2 Defmition of RS niesen aabin riinan ii oaasi 15 Figure gt Apache EE 16 Figure 4 Top Languages in Github projects ss 20 Fig re 5 bree layer mod l AAA 43 Figure 6 Initial prototype lo iii ld 45 Fig re 7 Overview e o ane nn ne 46 Fisure S RACK VE ii an 47 Figure 9 Edit RACK VW di ti 48 Fig re IO Machine VIE ee and nt annees 49 Figure 11 Edit Machine View asian nine ins 50 Figure 12 Consumption lo inde 51 Pipe 13 Presentation IE 53 Figure 14 Business Logic layer union biie 54 Figure 15 Detailed Presentation layer uses aient 56 Figure 16 Detailed Business Logic lr 61 Figure 17
20. the first possible interaction and he querying a RACK The next image shows the resulting view al Nets E Traductor de Google M Gmail DN YouTube Broadcas 3 Dropbox Simplifica amp bitly shorten share 43 ThinkGeek T Shirt A A Welcome Home administrator Arcade 9 gt 163 117 127 X Arcos A 7 gt 163 117 48 X External Switch sm coat Secs Add Machine Cloud Node 3 zk AA d Edit RACK Scalab Donacion_arcos 8 gt 163 117 2 X Sintonia Evannai sos 43 Cloud Node 2 d 11 gt 163 117 164 X 10 gt 163 117 154 X Cloud Node 1 Expand RACK 11 Delete this RACK 10 Data Base Server TE TT F Laboratorio del Departamento de Inform tica LDI lab lab infuc3m es Figure 23 RACK view as admin Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 69 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Now we have five additional possible interactions e Add machine this button opens a dialog with en empty form to fulfill and create a new machine Only administrator has rights to perform this operation This interaction of showing the dialog to add a new machine does not require the participation of web server e Query machine this interaction triggers when clicking on a machine in the schema the table to the left This interaction produces an event which send to the server then the logic layer process this request and sen
21. this layer is also defined the layout of the HTML The communication between the presentation layer and the business logic layer is performed through HTTP protocol The business logic layer is responsible of processing the events from the presentation layer query the data layer if needed generate HTML code for the presentation layer and send update events to the data layer This layer has also to prevent attacks over the data layer and has to ensure a safe use of the application from the presentation layer which means that it has to process and validate every user input from the presentation layer in order to avoid errors and malfunction or crashing of the application We can see this layer as the PHP code executed in the server which generates the HTML code the web browser will render Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 43 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The communication between the business logic layer and the data layer is performed through the PHP Data Object interface included by default in PHP 5 3 The data layer is responsible of efficient and effective storage of the information and data of the application It also has to allow querying information This layer holds a relational schema and a clear definition of the objects stored within It also holds some logic to preserve the integrity of the data and to avoid inconsistencies between relations This layer can be seen as the relational data
22. to point out the strict deadline for the project is a very serious constraint which has a negative impact of the quality of some projects because it is impossible to solve some problems in just four months while at the same time the students has courses and lectures to attend Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 95 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 6 3 Future Work The application right now is a prototype but it has the basic functionality for working properly in the lab as 1t was intended The future works are listed below e Add temperature sensor to the room A sensor of temperature in the room which sends records about the temperature of the room so the application will be able to display the current temperature at that moment The application will be also capable of storing those records so they can be later on shown in a chart e Machine monitoring If the user allows it we can install a daemon to monitor some basic parameters of his machine for instance CPU usage percentage of free disk and RAM usage The daemon must send to the application periodically these data so we can keep an updated tracking of the machine to print a relevant value We could also store those records and later on print them in a chart e User management In the prototype the user management is done through the application phpMyAdmin installed in the server We can create a page for administrators to manage the
23. under HTTP with TLS 1 0 Source N FR_0001 Verifiability Yes Clarity 4 Stability 4 Necessity 4 Priority 4 Notes Table 29 SR TLS encryption Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 41 de 97 3 3 2 Traceability matrix FR_1001 X X FR_1002 X X FR_1003 X FR_1004 X FR_1005 X X FR_1006 X FR_1007 X X FR_1008 X FR_1009 X X X X FR_1010 X FR_1011 X FR_1012 X N FR_0001 X Table 30 Traceability matrix UR S APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 4 Design We have designed the system according a three layer one tier model See next figure We have chosen this model because we already had experience and we worked before with this model which have given good results In our design we include also client server architecture because we wanted to make the user interface dynamic Presentation Business layer logic layer Figure 5 Three layer model The presentation layer is responsible of presenting processed information to the user it also has to send input events to logic layer telling if the user requests new information This layer can be seen as the web browser since it is there where the information is presented This layer has also some logic below JavaScript but it is limited to certain tools for locating hiding and showing content within the HTML of the browser page so we can make HTML page dynamic in some way In
24. 5 The password field must not show the password in plain text A submit button must be provided Table 18 SR Overview page Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 35 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2005 Phases distribution ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2005 Type Phases distribution Regular users administrators Functional The application must provide a picture with the phases and the connections to RACKs This picture is just a reference it should not contain any interaction FR_1005 Yes Clarity 5 Necessity 4 Table 19 SR Phases distribution 4 FR_2006 Temperature sensor ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2006 Type Temperature sensor Regular users administrators Functional The application must provide in the overview page a section to display the room s temperature sent from a sensor installed in the room This sensor will send updates periodically to keep a meaningful value FR_1006 Yes Clarity 3 Necessity 3 Table 20 SR Temperature sensor Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 36 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2007 Consumption page FR_2007 ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes Consumption page Administrators Type Functional
25. 5 4 Table 26 SR Add machine Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 39 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2013 Query machine ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2013 Type Functional Query machine Administrators RACK view must provide a schema to display the machines Those machines must be clickable to their information can be queried The information of a machine shall be displayed without closing RACK view Those machines shall be modifiable by clicking a button allowing the user to update the information of the machine FR_1009 Yes Clarity 4 5 Necessity 5 5 Table 27 SR Query machine FR 2014 Consumption statistics ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2014 Type Functional Consumption statistics Administrators Consumption page must provide a way to visualize statistical and historical data about RACK consumption given a certain RACK FR_1012 Yes Clarity 5 4 Necessity 4 4 The application should display historical consumption data in a line chart and occupation in a pie chart Table 28 SR Consumption statistics Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 40 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_2015 TLS encryption ID FR_2015 Type Functional Name TLS encryption Actors System Description We are forcing the application to run
26. ACK consumption so we can ensure this limit is far to be reached Next to the consumption it 1s also shown the current occupation of the RACK this means the percentage of used space this basically is the sum of Us occupied by machines divided by the RACK size which is 42 in most cases Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 51 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE In this page will be also an option to show historical records in a line chart of a particular RACK and a pie chart will show the percentage of free and occupied space This initial prototype does not include a section for this feature because the tools used to create the prototype do not support charts or storing persistent data In this prototype is also missing a button to insert new records which will be added for the first version of the system 4 2 Architectural Design As we said above we are using a three layer design where the three layers are presentation layer business logic layer and data layer The presentation layer has the components User Interface css static and Javascript The User Interface component is responsible of showing the data received from the business logic layer in an organized way It also has to show the information effectively which means it has to left clear what each thing means and the possible interactions with the application The User Interface takes advantage of css component for defining the layout
27. ACK are wider and lower than traditional The size measure in these environments is different it follows a standard which sets the RACK unit U as 482 6 mm 19 inches wide and 1 75 inches of height The common RACK has around 41U or 42U however they can have more or even less Us In a few words these rooms contain a certain number of RACKs which hold computers or electric equipment these machines usually provide services but they can also be specific purpose and used in research taking advantage of their computation potency The machines can be freely placed in the RACK as long as it has enough potency to supply enough power to every machine The most common machines that can be placed into a RACK are e Servers A specific purpose machine e Switch KVM It is a device to control many computers with a single monitor keyboard and mouse e UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply it is a device with a battery to provide power supply in case of voltage drop It is an emergency device to give some grace time to the servers to finish their tasks and shutdown cleanly if the power supply runs out e Switch It is a device to interconnect machines so they can share information between them Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 13 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 2 2 Web technologies In the past decades a new element called Internet has become more and more popular Internet is a decentralized set of netw
28. APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 3 Problem statement This section describes the features and functionalities the application must include User and Software Requirements are included in this section as well together with a description of main capabilities The name of the application from now on is Data Center Guardian 3 1 Main capabilities and constraints Data Center Guardian is a software system created to ease one of the main tasks of the Lab monitoring and managing the data centre in the Lab By using this application Lab administrators will be able to create new user accounts for regular users of the data centre i e people who has a machine in the centre to allow them to use the application as well The application will allow storing consumption i e electric consumption records so they can be queried and drawn in a chart However administrators are the only ones allowed to perform such operations The application will present the last inserted record in a table together with some important information such as electrical phase number connected to RACK the name of the RACK and the percentage of occupation The occupation can also be queried as a pie chart which will show used and free percentages The system distinguishes between three different types of users with different permissions and roles e Guest A guest is a non logged user This user only must have access to the login pag
29. APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE An HTTP transaction is composed by a header and optionally some data The header tells the server what action his required from him and the type of data expected in the response This is a way to interchange some extra information between the client and the server so it can elaborate a more accurate response We can specify in the header of the request the method to be used in the last version HTTP 1 1 there are defined the methods OPTIONS GET HEAD POST PUT DELETE and TRACE A web server can implement those methods but it does not mean they are allowed A request header always has to start with the method then the URI of the request and the version of the protocol then are included the headers finally and optionally some content or data Figure 2 Definition of URI An HTTP response is a message sent from the server in response of a request by the client This message has to start the protocol version then the state number and an clarifying message for this code The code of a response is a three digit number this number tells if the request was successful or not and in case it was not it has to include the reason The most common response codes are e 200 success e 403 forbidden the request was valid but the server refuse to answer e 404 not found e 500 internal server error The method of a request specifies what action has to be performed on th
30. CIES cocononocncccccnnononanenocncccnnnnonannnanacocnnononennnninicinannnns 25 S 1 1 US CF CHAT ACLETISUCS sa cseesassiezecacaveetesai ad cbsans eae ead Ree aaa Hee ARRAS 25 3 1 2 Software development methodology soccssssssisvesssncesavansccdecsecccarsansatiercssansacaersedes 26 3 2 USER REQUIREMENTS cccccssscsscccccccssssssssccsccsscssecsssececcsseuseessseseseseeuaeusessceseeeeeeees 27 3 2 1 Functional requirements RS ee adeatteanndaentiandeaunbismaccselaunen 27 3 2 2 Non Functional PEN Eeer 33 3 3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS cooococcccccnononononocncnnnnnnononeniraccnnnnnononenanacncnnnnoneneninncccnnnnons 34 3 3 1 Functional requirements AA da EENES 34 3 3 2 ACC MAO dieu 42 A DESIGN occsssssiccscccisccscccssccssccccccsscsscccssec sccsscessccsaccssccdscssccessecssccsecusscobsncssossscusdosssocsies 43 4 1 INITIAL PROTOTY PE EE 45 4 2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ooocccccononnnnnnnocncnnnnnnononnnacoccnnnononnnninrrcnnnnnnnnnnnanoriccnnanonnnnns 52 4 3 DETAILED DESIGN ccceccceccccccccccesssssceccccceseesssccsccscceseuseussesecsceessuueusessesseeeeunensnss 54 434 Presentation ns OA o A eat 54 LOSC eebe 59 AA DATABASE DESIGN EN 62 TAL e A dc 66 5 RESULTS AND EVALUATION ccccccccccccnononononononononononononononnncnnnoncncncncncncnnccnnnnons 67 Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 4 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Dil USER MANDA Lordi dada 67 TAL SECOS EE 67 SLL M n Page ss ii ia 67 O IO A a
31. N as well because I read it had better performance than XML moreover if it is using JS AJAX is an important technology I had to learn in depth I knew what AJAX was but I barely worked with it before so I had to read some documentation to understand and being able to apply the technology in the project Very important as well is the knowledge about using canvas element from HTML 5 specification I never have worked before with that element so I had to read some examples and look for a good API to use it 6 2 Personal conclusions In this project I found very interesting the usage of many different technologies working together properly offering a solution to a real problem It was also an important change the way of getting into the problem I mean in a course assignment when you had doubts you simply go to Problem_Statement pdf and read it again looking for your answer But in this case this was a real world problem nobody tells you how to solve it This change of environment was really interesting and I think I adapted properly In this project I also had to make some memories and rescue some knowledge from past courses of the Bachelor For instance I had to remember my knowledge from SQL and databases in general because there was a long past year not using that technology while at the same time having to learn new things However at its moment I learnt them well so it was not very difficult to remember in the end I would like
32. NG AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE This kind of centre requires a temperature sensor and monitoring tools to track the changes of the room This sensor is required because the equipment in the centre is sensible to overheat and it is also a valuable asset to protect The most common way to integrate this sensor in the room is by installing it in a machine a machine the administrators own and have full access then automate the machine to send notification e g send an e mail and in case it is desired take a response to protect the machine from the overheat A Data Centre also requires a data network because the machines held within are not supposed to be accessed manually An essential requirement is to be able to access the machines remotely Moreover this data network is also used to retrieve data from the machines without being physically present in the room The room also needs an electrical network to supply the RACKs which supply electrical power to each machine within a RACK This electrical network is not unlimited and it is often to set electric consumption limit to each machine so it cannot left the other ones with less power supply because it would provoke voltage drop harming the rest of the equipment The machines in our case computers are not the typical desktop laptop computers but special ones with more hardware features The main difference between traditional machines and these ones is the form The machines in a R
33. NITORING A DATA CENTRE The name of a wardrobe is a string with maximum length of 20 characters This name has not to be unique we do not care if we have RACKs with repeated name because the name is not going to identify our RACKs For the purpose of identifying RACKs we will use a numeric ID called position which actually tells the position of the RACK in the web page This number later on will let us layout the elements representing each RACK in the web page This ID is unique and it is also part of the primary key The last field of wardrobe relation is phase which is a numeric type referencing and connecting wardrobe relation with phases one In this way we relate data from phases directly with the RACK they belong to This field itself describes what phase the RACK is connected to It is not unique because it has to cover a limitation of the user interface which do not allow swapping phases connection between two RACKs they way to swap the phase connection between two RACKs is by assigning first two RACKs two the same phase and then assign to the second RACK the empty phase U1 id group_name Figure 19 Phase relation The relation phase is mostly used to store the coordinates to draw the phase element in a canvas in the web page This relation s primary key are the fields pos_x and pos_y those fields are numeric and store the X Y position where the phase identified by id has to be rendered in the web page T
34. PERS PREX FCIL USR1 USR2 _ vos zo ff zo ve ff Eases eae O CODES IS EAF is also affected by Schedule EAF 0 56 Cancel Help Figure 40 COCOMO Correction factors e Reuse We don t have additional considerations in system reusability referred to the code not the interfaces e Pdif We consider that it is easy to program in Javascript and php e Pers We think it is very high because we are only the responsible of the project e Prex We have experience in this type of software development e Fcil We use an IDE and tools to ease the development Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 85 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE File Edit View Parameters Calibrate Phase Maintenance Help Die S a Project Nane DataCentreGuardian Scale Factor Schedule Development Model Early Design gt Estimated Effort Sched PROD COST INST Staff RISK ve nn aa aa e sal e un en esa e e es FCIL Facilities Figure 41 COCOMO Final result Summarizing the data on this table the application will take 2715 lines of code it actually has 2300 in the prototype but this mismatch of 400 lines of code is produced by PHP include statement which allows to add PHP code defined in other file into the file where include is called reducing in this way the number of lines of code Remember that we have one component just for this purpose defining generic functions to be inclu
35. RING A DATA CENTRE The popularity of JavaScript in the last few years can be also seen in the amount of libraries that are being developed for the language and some interesting statistics from GitHub 20 of the repositories from GitHub are in JavaScript language Top Languages Explore Repositories Languages Timeline JavaScript Ruby Python Shell E ES Java PHP c Perl ES SISISIsiSiSsislieis8 Se se ES EEES els amp 3 C CoffeeScript 2 Figure 4 Top Languages in Github projects The known library of JavaScript jQuery offers a lot of tools for manipulation HTML content and elements in a very simple way achieving efficient and effective results and making easier to build rich and usable interfaces Nowadays you can hear the sentence Knowing JavaScript means knowing jQuery JavaScript follows the EMACScript standard more precisely ECMA 262 specification and ISO IEC 16262 this fact gives a big feature to the language very important in the nowadays development paradigm interoperability JS is interoperable between browsers which means a code developed for Chrome also works on JE or in Firefox and vice versa Maybe exactly the same code is not exactly functional in the same way but this is due to a lack of standard in HTML and how the web browsers should render the HTML content JS is a multi paradigm language initially was designed for scripting object oriented imperative and functiona
36. S style rules into a page readable for humans The web browser also includes a JS engine to run scripting code almost any browser has JavaScript as supported language Web browsers are the responsible of communicating with web servers through HTTP protocol and provide a proper response to the user in the case of success the HTML code is rendered in case of failure the HTTP error code is often displayed together with an error message The last versions of web browsers includes very robust and potent JS engines providing capabilities to render almost anything by using a low level procedural mode the canvas of this draws is canvas element defined in HTML 5 standard by W3C The last versions of web browsers use the GPU to render the canvas element achieving a great performance and providing the capability to render almost anything in the browser The main browsers nowadays the most supported and with most number of user are e Firefox Open Source web browser it was born in Mozilla Foundation e IE Commonly known as Internet Explorer It comes installed by default with any Microsoft system Some people defend IE is useful only for downloading Firefox Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 17 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e Chrome This web browser belongs to Google it is based in Open Source project Chromium it offers a lot of features for people who have a Google account Chrome made
37. UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID ESCUELA POLIT CNICA SUPERIOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Degree in Computer Engineering Bachelor Thesis Author Aitor P rez Cedr s Reviewer scar P rez Alonso Date 15 6 2012 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Acknowledgements In first place I want to thank my family for their support not only during the project but for my whole life I would have reached so far without them I want to thank my project tutor Oscar P rez for his support in this project I really have learnt a lot from him and from the people in the Lab they have made this project possible I have special thanks also for my friend Sergio Casillas he was my first friend here in Madrid and I think we will be friends for really long I have special thanks also to Adri n C ceres the first canary friend I found here in Madrid We have learnt many things from each other and I think we have supported a lot each other Special thanks to Miguel Pagan one of my first s friends as well in Madrid although he is in the dark path of Telematic Engineering he is a much appreciated friend Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 2 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Abstract This document is a Bachelor Thesis report In this document we can find an analysis about the problem a proposed solution and an ev
38. abase And it provides a Data Manipulation Language DML which is used to declare the operations over the data in the relations defined with the DDL http acid3 acidtests org Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 18 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 2 2 3 2 MySQL MySQL is a RDBMS it was originally created by Sun Microsystems who later on was bought by Oracle MySQL was created as open source and free to use It also stills being free but now its popularity has decreased since Oracle bought it However MySQL has a lot of drivers libraries and interfaces to ease the access from almost any language to MySQL database In our case we will use PHP Data Object interface to abstract the use of MySQL driver easing the interaction with the database and adding security features by avoiding SQL injection thanks to prepared statements from this interface Prepared statements are SQL queries that are previously negotiated with the database For instance preparing this statement SELECT name FROM allowed_users WHERE name it will result in the interface telling the RDBMS J am going to execute a select on the table allowed users using a where condition whatever I input in where condition is a condition itself I will not add any other query In this way if we try to inject SQL code the database will know that is was not negotiated and it will take that as condition in where clause 2 2
39. ails in the report Due to our limitation of time we only developed a prototype of the application which can be extended and improved as specified in chapter Future Work In this chapter we include a user manual for administrator we consider more complex the possible interactions of administrators so we just focused on add a User Manual for them The activities of a regular user are much fewer and never take more than two interactions actually a regular user can read the User Manual and he will find it helpful but he will not be able to perform most of the activities We included here chapters for Software Transfer Document describing the environment and how it should be configured A Software Project Management including effort estimation planning and budget 5 1 User Manual This document is a user manual of the web application prototype Data Center Guardian sited in http cpd lab inf uc3m es The document specifies main capabilities and main operations administrators users can do 5 1 1 Sections This section describes the main views in the application shown the main options and specifying main operations that administrators or users can do 5 1 1 1 Main Page Overview page is the key point in the application because almost all interaction is done from here In this page is presented the distribution of the room i e the RACK distribution in the room Depending on who is the user administrator or regular user a
40. aluation about a coded prototype The name of the project is Application Development for Managing and Monitoring a Data Centre This project is an application for easing a common task in Lab of Computer Science and Engineering Department The main problem of managing the Data Centre is the need of being physically present there for instance to take note of room temperature a person has to go physically there to check out a thermometer Moreover maintaining an inventory can become a hard problem because many people from different departments have their machines and equipment there in the centre there are two options then for maintaining an inventory e Ask to every department what machines have them in the centre e Go inside the centre and count the machines one by one The usage of a web application can solve those problems Since web applications are queried from a web browser and nowadays everybody has a web browser integrated in his her Operating System we can query the status of the centre from our office without having to being physically there An important advantage also is the possibility of connecting sensors and other applications so we can enhance our application with already implemented features for instance connecting our application to an LDAP login server Moreover since this is a web application there is no need of a client installation only a web browser is required In our case it must have support for HTML 5 an
41. ansparent to the user This approach gives the sensation of interactive application instead of web site surfing becoming easier to remember and learn how to use the application since the user does not have to remember web pages but interactions intuitive in many cases it is easier to learn Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 55 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE We are providing a figure with the class diagram we want to provide a quick overview just by watching the diagram then we will go into details This is the class diagram for the presentation layer Figure 15 Detailed Presentation layer We have three main components and the fourth one static just holds static content such as images and the user manual The component user interface is the one responsible of interacting with the user and presenting the content from the logic layer The user interface is composed by the components css and javascript We can imagine in other words the user interface component as the web page rendered in the browser with his style rules defined in CSS and some JS functionality to make the page dynamic Login is the page that is firstly presented to any non logged user In this page is presented the header and the footer that will be present in any other page of the interface This page has in the middle a login form It has a field for the user name a field for the password and a login bu
42. atabase which will be explained in detail in chapter Database Design Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 61 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 4 4 Database Design We are using a relational data model to design our database We have chosen to use this model because we have worked before with him and it gave good results Moreover we have some experience working with this kind of data bases from an assignment from Files and Databases course A relational model is a data model used to afford problems and state the problem using predicate logic and set theory In our model a relation is a set of data describing objects machines or representing data electrical consumption record A relational schema is a definition of relations and the kind of information they will hold Every schema has the name of each relation and the name of its attributes An instance is a particular finite set of tuples of a given relation at a time instant We can see the schema as the structure definition and the instances as the data itself in that schema A set of schemas is called DataBase Relational data bases use a language called Structured Query Language SQL which is a declarative language to provide access to databases This language allows declaring operations over the data which can modify the state of the data or just query and serve it The language also includes a Data Definition Language DDL which is used to
43. ation and a budget Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 11 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 2 State of the art In the next chapters we will define briefly what is a data center what are web technologies and the actual state of this technology We consider important starting with those definitions because our application is focused for working for that environment Web technologies are important to define since we are building a web prototype 2 1 What is a Data Centre A Data Centre or Data Processing Centre is a special room prepared to hold a certain number of wardrobes known as RACK A RACK is a metallic structure ready to hold communication or electronic equipment as well as computers The size and measures of RACKs is normalized so they are compatible with any manufacturer These rooms require special conditions of refrigeration and temperature The rooms will hold many computers which are usually operative 24 hours generating heat and noise The air conditioning equipment cannot be a common one but a specific one designed and tested to work 24 uninterrupted hours The consequences if this equipment is not the proper one can vary from emergency shutdown of computers interrupting critical services to computer breaking hard disk are the main targets of breakdown by overheat Figure 1 Marenostrum datacentre Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 12 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGI
44. base used to store the data We designed as well a relational database to store our important data for the application We chose relational SQL data bases because we worked before with them and in the course of Files and Databases we had an assignment where we had to work with an SQL data base and to build optimized queries Since this is a web application we are using the last innovation technologies for instance HTML 5 CSS 3 and JavaScript with jQuery Query UI and Google Charts libraries as a requirement to build our application We have to find a way to communicate the business layer with the presentation layer In a first instance we decided to use XML because it is a robust markup language which allows validation against a schema and it is wildly extended and supported However we found that XML did not fit to our needs at all because we barely needed most of their futures and it lacked in a very basic one easy integration with JavaScript the client side language Therefore we changed our mind and started to use JSON JavaScript Object Notation which has native conversion between raw data and JavaScript objects We designed in some measure the user interface using a technique called Responsive Web Design The basis of this technique establishes that the layout and the images of a web site have to be fluid and flexible The main objective of this technique is to build a layout capable of presenting the content in devices and
45. ble 11 FR_1010 Assign r sponsibl uss enltenmnnduadieiienniatanesen dieisee 32 Table 12 FR 1011 User managed tenes 32 Table 13 FR_1012 Consumption statistics 33 Table 14 N FR_0001 Secure connection oooocncccnnnnonnneninicnnnnnnononeninacocnnonononennanininaccnnonanons 33 Table T3 SR Lorin TOM is 34 Table 16 ee BE 34 Table 17 SR User management view dd 35 Table 18 SR Overview page ia 35 Table 19 SR Phases distribution etico 36 Table 20 SR Temperature Sen st scsi 36 Table 21 SR Consumption E 37 Table 22 SR Add neW e E 37 Table 23 SR RACK EE 38 Table 24 SR Edit RACK TE 38 TAPIE SR Delete RACK EE 39 Table 26 SR EE 39 T ble 27 RE 40 Table 28 SR Consumption statistiCS SR Ee eng 40 Table 29 SR TLS encryption EE 41 Table 30 Traceability matrix URSS ia 42 Table 31 Summary function points eege 82 Table 32 PHP limes Of code eegen eege dde 87 Tabl e 33 JavaScript E 87 Table 34 Budget Human TOSOULCES ia 92 Table 35 Budgets SOLES OO 92 Table 36 Budget Hardware COS paid 92 Table 37 Budget Consumables ic 93 Table 38 Budget Summary eegene Eege Ee eege ege 93 Table 39 Budget Pinal Bodies 93 Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 7 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 1 Introduction This document describes the process of analysis development and evaluation of a Bachelor Thesis In this document are included requirements and design of the project as well as an evaluation of the solution achieved befor
46. c x 5 What Ruby IDE do yo x c Aptana Download A x Y Traductor de Gi INets 3 Traductor de Google M Gmail DN YouTube Broadcas 3 Dropbox Simplifica bitly shorten share ThinkGeek T Shirt A Machine Form x Name Data Base Server Responsible aitor e OS Debian Squeeze IP 163 117 154 15 Color Bright Type Server E Notes This machine contains data bases for our projects Starting position 10 7 Number of U It goes upward 1 Save Cancel Figure 26 Edit machine view This view is a form with a field per machine information field The responsible field 1s a list with the users registered in the application Color and type fields are also a list because they are enumerated fields and they can only take certain values Every field in the form is validated before sending them to the logic layer the fields are also escaped to avoid Cross Site Scripting attacks and SQL injections In this form the two possible interactions are Save and Cancel The view in the case of adding a new machine is the same as editing a machine but in this case the fields contain some default sampling data In the case of adding a new RACK it follows the same behavior as editing RACK again with some sample data Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 73 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 1 1 6 Consumpt
47. ccount for administrator Moreover this can allow other users to query a machine even if they are not responsible For instance you are responsible of maintaining a mail server but your boss wants to query that machine information as well With ACLs is possible because the person not responsible of the machine would be allowed to query the machine e Customization of room distribution through XML specification Adapt the application to read an XML file where the distribution is defined so the application will be flexible to be used in other Data Centers without the need of changing the source code e Export import configurations Export the information of the system to XML file For instance the machines within a RACK this helps a lot for loading many machines at once instead of adding one by one from the application The same can be done for RACK information e Development of API to allow users to build their own modules or features to their machines The creation of an API to allow users to develop for our application the main idea is users to develop their own features for their machines For instance an SSH command to shutdown the machine from our application e Widget for controlling your own machines The creation of a Windows Desktop widget to allow some basic tasks to be performed from the desktop without having to open the web browser for interacting with the application Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 97 de 97
48. certain number of RACKs will be displayed and accessible If the user is the administrator every RACK is displayed and accessible If the user is a regular one only are displayed and accessible the RACKs where he has a machine i e he is responsible of a machine within that RACK This page also has a left menu to allow navigation between the different parts of the application as well as a link to user manual Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 67 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The next figure shows the distribution of the room seen by the administrator es overview php 5 Linux Utils Universidad Social Nets 3 Traductor de Google M Gmail EY YouTube Broadcas ds bitly shorten share Think Welcome Home administrator Arcade Arcos B 2 gt 163 117 147 7 gt 163 117 48 X DEL lge Scalab 4 5 6 7 8 Donacion_arcos 8 gt 163 117 2X 3 9 Sintonia Evannai gt 163 117 29 X 11 gt 163 117 164 X gt 163 117 154 X Laboratorio del Departamento de Inform tica LDI w lab lab intuc3m es Figure 22 Overview page as admin RACKs are the boxes at the edge the ones which has name and in some cases an interface with an associated subnet These RACKs are connected to an electrical phase which provides power supply to the machines they hold The boxes in the middle of the screen are the electrical phases of the room The lines connecting the RACKs with the phases are
49. d CSS 3 In addition web technologies nowadays have many libraries for almost any task for example to display data in charts With this feature we can visualize historical or statistical data Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 3 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Index LIST OF FIGURES icincicisisiiicionsiiissnaiciiiacaiciacacaco bacano casinacancic caca icne nena cabana toscosce cadets case 6 IEKYRAIWK DD ME 7 1 INTRODUCTION e sgggersgggtersrggegergggerEKgde KREE coute 8 LL IMOTIVATION nati 8 12 OBTECTIVES dida 9 1 3 DEFINITIONS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS users 9 LA EIERE A A eet 10 2 STATE OF THE ART W 12 2 1 WHATISA DATA CENTRE 12 2 2 WEB TECHNOLOGIES A 14 22 1 A ss hentai aa eS RAS 16 2 2 2 Web Browsers iiccccccccccccccvececcccuscececcuseececcuseececccseececcseececcuseececcseceecceneseecaeneeeees 17 KS GE D EEN 18 2231 Standard Ol taa 18 DISD E EE 19 2 2 4 Programming LAN EUA As 19 2 2 4 1 TAVASCFIP EP E RSR ia 19 DD AA EEE O A Cee ren ON Te 21 A E E 21 A XML vecccccccccccsssessecsessecsessessucsussucsussucsucsucsuesuessessessessessessessussussucaussucsussussucsucsucsucsucsaesaessessessessessveseaeeaee 22 DIAS CH 22 23 ESA STANDARD EG 23 3 PROBLEM STATEMENT o ccccccccccccccononononononononononononnnnnonononononononococnnocncococonononononos 24 3 1 MAIN CAPABILITIES AND CONSTRAINTS ooooccccccnonononenicacicnnonononeninaconnnnnononenanncccncnnnns 24 3 1 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDEN
50. d Server Discard changes 10 3 Delete this RACK 10 gt 163 117 154 X Bn Laboratorio del Departamento de Inform tica LD labQlab inf uc3m es Figure 24 Edit RACK view Now the view has editable fields We can criticize here that the format for the subnet 1s not intuitive at all and there are no help text however this will be explained in User Manual and it should be easy to remember for future interactions Moreover the field connected to appears meaning the number of electric phase the RACK is connected to This field is a list with the possible values for an electric phase Once we are in this view we can commit the changes committing changes implies sending the new information to logic layer so it can send the update to data layer Or we can discard the changes in that case the old values are restored without sending anything to logic layer Discarding in this case does not send request to server because it uses the session storage provided by the web browser to store the original information of the rack Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 71 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE From this view we still can delete the RACK It is not very intuitive to have this option here as well but we did not find any strong reason to remove from here And we can expand the RACK which will give a detailed view of machines schema 5 1 1 4 Detailed machine view Now let us supp
51. d to logic layer and render the response in HTML elements already present in the page There are more general purpose scripts for instance show_things js this script provides tools for showing an element given his id and optionally hiding another one in the same call if a second element id is provided This script also has a function to expand or compact a RACK schema Since the schema where the machines are placed in a RACK is too big 42 positions and it goes out from the page we have a compact view for it the compact view consists on drawing one gap in the schema per each 10 gaps Expanded view of the RACK shows the whole RACK machines and gaps Css component has cascade style sheets which contain rules for defining layout and style In this component we define every style detail of the interface This component although it does not contain any logic it is responsible if making the interface attractive and intuitive for instance we cannot change the cursor pointer when the mouse enters a RACK without this component This component also allows us to color in red dangerous buttons e g Delete machine Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 58 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 4 3 2 Logic Layer The Logic Layer is responsible of processing the data send from the interface and generating a proper response The response can take several formats listed below e XML canvas boxes p
52. de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE In the document are defined as well what web technologies are In some way it shows the evolution of technologies involved there for instance the first protocol to share information through Internet and how an extension of this protocol adding security features was born from the need of protecting information and provide confidentiality The document also introduces what programming languages will be used its main characteristics and why have we chosen them It is also mentioned what software methodology will be followed to analyze design and evaluate the project Then it is stated the problem in that section are defined the user characteristics user and software requirements as well as a traceability matrix Then it is presented a proposed design for the application an initial prototype is also included to provide a preview of how the application will looks like There is included a special chapter for database design because the use of that technology is critical for our application After the design there is an evaluation of a prototype developed during the project In that section it is included a user manual describing the basic functionality of the prototype as an administrator user it is also included some chapters to define the requirements to deploy the application prototype and a chapter about project management where is included an effort estim
53. de Google M Gmail DN YouTube Broadcas Dropbox Simplifica bitly shorten share ThinkGeek T Shirt 4 Consumption Overview e A A en Historical data for RACK Sintonia RACK Consumption i La L t j E Current jun 5 2012 jun 6 2012 jun 7 2012 jun 8 2012 Sintonia M Used space H Free s Laboratorio del Departamento de Inform tica LD labQlab infuc3m es Figure 28 Historical consumption Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 75 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 2 Software Transfer Our application prototype has a server side installation The client side only needs a web browser We recommend using Firefox 11 or Chrome 17 since the application has been tested and validated under these browsers The application also works on Inter Explorer 9 but with many limitations for instance in CSS 3 style IE9 is not supporting gradient rule so most of our application look amp feel is just not working there The server side must gather the hardware requirements listed below e Dual core processor at 1 2GHz e 1GBofRAM e 120 GB of hard disk storage e LAN Adapter 100MB s By other hand it should gather the following software requirements e Apache 2 or IIS web server Apache recommended Tests performed on him e PHP5 3 o Php mysql o Php_pdo o Php_pdo_mysql e PHP module for web server e MySQL 5 X as database server e Support for SSL TLS We
54. ded many times in many places e g connect_DB php The schedule is estimated to take around 3 9 months This estimation 1s also correct since we have just one semester to work on Bachelor Thesis This fact implies that no delays are allowed because it would provoke a great impact and we will go out of time The estimated staff is 1 2 persons Since we cannot divide a person let us conclude that this project will need more than one person but less than two this means that one person will have to work hard and probably will go with almost no time to deliver the project by other hand two persons will be too much and it would be a waste of resources however the project will end earlier but with a higher cost Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 86 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The next two tables show the lines of code of the prototype PHP Lines errorPage php 23 includes connect_DB php 45 includes consumptionRecordClass php 9 includes error_frame php 4 includes filter_functions php 46 includes machine_class php 18 includes header php 4 includes footer php 13 includes leftmenu php 9 logic add_rack php 55 logic check_if_logged php 18 logic check_login php 32 logic consumption_query php 42 logic logout php 6 logic machine_commit php 87 logic machine_edition php 65 logic phases xm
55. define the relations and the data type of those relations DDL is also used for altering or modifying the structure of the database The next figure shows the relational data model for the data base allowed_users consumption_record zen a Js PK record timestam password email electric_current office phone nen pe Je PK FK1 12 responsible name FK2 11 wardrobe phase os iface1 group_name ip iface2 color iface3 type notes starting_pos num_u Figure 17 Relational model Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 62 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The relation allowed_users stores the information about users which have permitted access to the system The field password stores a SHA 1 string of the password so we never store a password in plain text It also contains fields to store user personal information The primary key of this relation is the username which is also the user real name The common approach to this problem is to set a unique username and by other hand store the user real name This approach is commonly used because in a real problem you will have users with the same name e g Javier is a very common name so you have to define a univocal identifier for each user This identifier can be a numeric ID a random number appended to the user s name or whatever identifies univocally the user In our problem scope we will not have a bi
56. different view or overloading the page with a complete different view However later on testing phase we found that this approach was not intuitive at all so in next versions there is included some more information about what each thing is In Edit Wardrobe view you can change name of wardrobe or and information of wardrobe Once editing you can also discard the changes Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 48 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The next figure shows the Machine view G PHP in 438 HTMLS atypes PEC start html z Ty CNAB Googie Computer Science and Engineering Department Ti La EN Home 8 Picard Server Genen Jean Luc Picard Com n jlpicard fakename uc3m es 4 0 F11 Consumption Arcade Debian Squeezee 192 168 1 26 Ta Bright Storage Server Scalab This are my sample notes ao Hell yeah E Sintonia D se LAB CN Computer Science and Engineering Department D lab lab inf uc3m es Figure 10 Machine view This view maintains the design of a small frame between the RACKs Machine view contains more information than the other views and it may be a bit overloaded this issue will be solved in the next prototype This view presents the information about the responsible user assigned to this machine the operating system of the machine the IP of the machine the color the type of machine some
57. documentation Concept Cost Microsoft Office 2010 379 Axure RP Pro 6 466 TOTAL 845 Table 35 Budget Software costs Hardware costs This table shows the server required to deploy our application and the laptop to develop the project Concept Cost Asus laptop P52JC 620 Super Micro 2U 1 900 TOTAL 2 520 Table 36 Budget Hardware costs Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 92 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Consumables This table shows the costs of consumables for instance the papers and CDs It is also included a printer to print the documentation Concept Cost Table 37 Budget Consumables Summary Concept Cost Table 38 Budget Summary Final budget We consider a 10 risk because the requirements are not fixed and may change since they are not strict at all moreover the deadline is also fixed and it is a very short period of time Concept Cost Risk 10 1 843 TOTAL before taxes 23 039 Taxes 18 4 147 Table 39 Budget Final Budget Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 93 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 6 Conclusions In the next chapter I am summarizing technical and personal aspects of the project For instance in technical knowledge I quote some of the knowledge and courses where I learnt important technologies I have applied in the project Although there is some knowledg
58. ds back the information of requested machine after that the user interface displays the new information in a machine dialog e Edit RACK This button changes the fields Rack name and network by editable fields so the current information can be changed It is also added a list with possible connections of this rack to an electric phase e Delete RACK This button sends an event to logic layer telling that a RACK must be deleted The logic layer will execute the proper update to data layer and then it will return the new HTML without the deleted RACK e Close view This cross in the top right corner of the view hides the current RACK view This action does not require interaction with web server Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 70 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 1 1 3 Edita RACK Let us now suppose the user click Edit RACK The next figure shows the view tial Nets 3 Traductor de Google M Gmail EY YouTube Broadcas Dropbox Simplifica bitly shorten share ThinkGeek T Shirt A Welcome Home administrator Arcade 9 gt 163 117 127 X Arcos A Arcos B 7 gt 163 117 48 X 163 117 154 X Extemal Switch L 163 117 29 X Donacion_arcos 8 gt 163 117 2 X Cloud Service Cloud Node 3 Sintonia i am Evannai 3 gt 163 117 29 X 13 Cloud Node 2 i 11 gt 163 117 164 X bk d Save changes 12 Cloud Node 1 gt e 1 Share
59. e Any attempt of going to any other part of the system must be denied and he should be redirected to login page e Regular user A registered and logged user This user can only see a RACK if he has a machine inside it This user cannot query the consumption page or the user management section He can query his machine information and monitoring statistics Moreover even if he can query a RACK he can only see the machines within that RACK if they belong to him i e he is the responsible e Administrator A system administrator This user can see every RACK he can also query any machine information add delete or move any machine within a RACK query add or delete consumption records and manage the users of the system The application allows querying the information of a machine within a RACK showing the contact information of the responsible of that machine The personal information gathered is the office phone number the email and the office The username is in many cases the same as the real name of the user Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 24 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The application also stores details of each machine for instance the Operating System the IP of the machine the color of the machine we only allow the cases Bright and Dark machine colors the kind of machine it is also a closed field UPS KVM Switch Server or Storage Server We allow as well inse
60. e components will be described by layer starting from Presentation layer and finishing with data layer In order to perform any activity the user have to login A guest user is not allowed to take any interaction with the system but to authenticate Certain activities are sometimes an intermediate activity to guide the user to his real goal for instance query machine activity For a user to query a machine first he has to query the RACK where the machine he wants to query is placed at We have designed our interface to take almost all the interaction through overview page We think it is more intuitive if the user performs a sequence of activities which change his main view so during the sequence he is continuously getting feedback on how the interaction is going However we have to take care that any activity do not take very long to perform because in that case the process will be hard to learn and remember making the interface not very intuitive and less usable Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 54 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE In our worst case the longest task to perform is editing an existing machine Assuming the user is logged as administrator first he will have to query the RACK where the machine is then he has to click the machine so a dialog pops out with the machine information and the proper button to edit it and then the user has to update the desired fields of the machine
61. e I did not have when I started the project but I had to learn in order to complete the project successfully I would like to point out the strict deadline for the project is a very serious constraint which has a negative impact of the quality of some projects because it is impossible to solve some problems in just four months while at the same time the students has courses and lectures to attend 6 1 Technical knowledge For the development of this project I had to use almost everything I learnt during these four years of Bachelor By one hand I had to apply my knowledge of software engineering to make a shape of the problem I also had to apply analysis concepts to realize what the project actually need and what I actually thought By other hand I had to apply my knowledge from Files and Databases because this project is big enough to discard the option of storing application data in a text file In other words for this application I had to design a database fitting to problem needs in a efficient way However the project has some constraints and since the main focus of the project are not databases I made some simplifications in the relational model just to make my coder life easier I also had to apply the knowledge from User Interfaces course where I learnt web technologies like HTML and CSS JavaScript and PHP Moreover I learnt about evaluating interfaces and I realized also the importance of a good interface design the usabil
62. e identified resource by the URI A method is safe if it does not have side effects the only methods following that definition in the current protocol are GET and HEAD The other methods are supposed to be unsafe because they are supposed to change something in the server producing side effects However GET method can also produce side effects so it totally depends on the server implementation Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 15 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The most common request methods in web applications are e GET method requests information from the resource identified by a URI If the URI is a process who created or queries information then it is sent the information instead of the process e POST method is used to make requests to the server that accepts the content as input parameter This method was originally created to send data blocks from forms and it was designed also to add new records to a data base However in the end the action of the method depends on server implementation it usually depends on the URI 2 2 1 Web Servers As part of the client server architecture the application will be held in a server so it will be accessible by anyone Moreover we need something to serve content Here is where web servers make their entrance The most classical approach to web server is an application listening for requests and sending back responses with content The protocol u
63. e of accessing safety efficiently and effectively the data layer to update the application data In this layer we can find server side logic to process the data even from the user or from the data layer and transforming it into HTML code interpretable by the web browser This component handles everything within the application This logic component is also a security layer to avoid accessing the data layer from the user interface because accessing data layer without using this logic component is unsafe and it can danger the integrity of the application provoking malfunction or even crashing of the application The user does not have to know about the functionality of this layer this layer is accessed from the presentation layer which handles the user input and sends pre processed data to this layer so it can understand what the user was trying to achieve serving in this way the necessary data to the user to complete his goals within the application The component includes has logic functionality which is used several times by logic component This component itself does not provide any useful logic functionality to the user interface because it only has generic functions ready to be included in any other logic component to ease their processing In this component is included for instance filter functions to validate and sanitize the input received from the user interface It is supposed that component javascript in presentation layer sh
64. e start describing the analysis process a brief introduction is provided about the motivation to realize this project its main objectives and the state of art of used technologies The next two chapters will describe the motivation of the project and its main objectives The next chapters are only a short introduction to the problem the details stating the problem itself are located in Section 3 1 1 Motivation The project was born from the need of monitoring the data centre this data center belongs to Computer Science and Engineering Department of University Carlos II but it is managed by the Lab of the Computer Department The common tasks related to the centre are among others checking the temperature of the room consulting historic data about electric consumption and checking the machines inside a particular arbitrary RACK Actually anyone who wants to carry out these tasks has to be physically present at the data centre The application is meant to change this and also to ease the tasks related to managing and monitoring the data centre We want to apply the knowledge acquired from User Interfaces course to design implement and evaluate a web application prototype for easing the tasks mentioned above A web prototype also implies a client server architecture which leads to communication between computers and the usage of protocols to communicate them Almost any application needs a source of data to work in our case is not d
65. efined in XML the advantage of this language is that can be understood by machines This language also allows validation against a schema being able to check in this way 1f a document is well formed From this language many other languages has been developed for instance XHTML and SOAP Moreover some office applications such as Open Office and Microsoft Office 2007 and higher have adopted a XML based format It also has taken part in a communication protocol XMPP this protocol is used by Google GTalk chat service An XML document is well formed when it satisfies a set of rules defined in a schema as well as a set of syntax rules provided in the language specification XML and its extensions have regularly been criticized for verbosity and complexity Mapping the basic tree model of XML to type systems of programming languages or databases can be difficult especially when XML is used for exchanging highly structured data between applications which was not its primary design goal 2 2 4 5 JSON JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation It is a lightweight text based open standard It was designed for human readable data exchange It is derived from the JavaScript scripting language for representing simple data structures and associative arrays called objects Despite its relationship to JavaScript it is language independent with parsers available for many languages JSON is significantly simpler and more lightweight than XML it is
66. er you want itis a low level procedural model In the Web we have two clear entities taking part in the information sharing process e The web browser in the client side The web browser is an application to interpret and render the content exchanged in Internet the HTML documents This application also allows the access of the links to new documents The initial versions of these browsers only supported a simple version of HTML and due to the lack of a standard some browser developed a variety of HTML e The web server in the server side We will describe in more detail this point and its most common alternatives in the chapter Web Servers Internet has some standards to define how the information is shared how the documents are structured and defined and how the elements are referenced within the web Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP is the standard protocol to define how the web browser communicates with the web server It is a standard from World Wide Web Consortium W3C and the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF This protocol is implemented in the transport layer of the network and uses IP as network protocol inheriting his advantages and disadvantages use of insecure channel Due to the use of insecure channels HTTPS was born this protocol is the same as HTTP but it implements security in the transport layer by using Secure Socket Layer SSL or Transport Layer Security TLS Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 14 de 97
67. g volume of users and this problem of repeated user s name loses relevance In our scope if we found two users whose name is Javier we can avoid this problem just by assigning one of them his surname as username We know we are losing some semantic here but it is a lose we can afford and in back we avoid dealing with user name modification and mismatching between username and name moreover we are planning to use the name of the user as a field in the machine relation joining username and user s name in a single field makes easier to update and maintain integrity wardrobe PK position name phase ifacel iface2 iface3 ip1 ip2 ip3 Figure 18 Wardrobe relation The relation wardrobe stores information about each RACK in the data centre An explicit requisite is the number of interfaces subnets assigned to a RACK is limited up to three If a subnet is associated to a RACK then that RACK must have at least one interface per subnet open However an interface can be connected to a RACK but it may have not assigned any subnet in that case we say the interface is open In the case an interface is open the value of the subnet will be ___ Otherwise the syntax of the subnet is the following 163 117 C X where C is a number between 0 and 255 The X remains meaning it can take any value since it will belong anyway to the subnet Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 63 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MO
68. ge in this case we expect the users to have computer engineering knowledge this fact allows us to use technical tags to describe some information e g IP instead of Internet Protocol address The users of our system will perform three main activities 1 Authenticate themselves into the system 2 Query RACKs information 3 Query machines information Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 25 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE By other hand there is a special kind of user the administrator who will perform some additional activities 1 Edit RACK information Add new RACK Delete RACK Edit machine information Add new machine Delete a machine LAA SY Zei Access electrical consumption information This is a special user with higher privileges who is allowed to change the information of the system These users are people from the department they have more knowledge about the application and the elements related than the regular users However we will build the same interface for both kinds of users Although the pages where only an administrator has access will content fewer help tags or help descriptions they will have icons for certain actions instead of explicative buttons We also assume that users will have a web browser with a reasonable support for HTML 5 CSS 3 and JavaScript Actually the application will be tested under Firefox 11 and Google Chrome 18 3 1 2 Software develop
69. he field id is unique in this case but it is not included in the primary key because in a first instance what identified the relation was the position of the element later on we included two fields id and group_name then in order to avoid refactoring we left it as it was since it still being working Then to optimize some queries to id we built an index for the field Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 64 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE consumption_record PK FK1 rack PK record timestamp electric_current Figure 20 Consumption record relation The relation consumption_record has a field rack which is related to wardrobe relation and means to what RACK a particular consumption record belongs to There is another field called record_timestamp which is a date field to store the timestamp where a new record is inserted Those two fields are the primary key of this relation This provides an explicit semantic we cannot take two records for the same RACK at the same time instant This semantic is loyal to the reality in the case that two different administrators insert a record at the same into the same RACK the system will not allow the operation and an error will be sent to the user through the interface And this relation has of course a numeric field to store the electrical consumption of a RACK in a given time machine PK name PK FK1 12 responsible FK2 11 wardrobe os ip
70. hp sends an XML as response defining the connections between RACKs and phases e JSON query_machine php sends machines as JSON object The advantage of JSON is its native conversion between string and object an object is much easier to deal with than a string XML case we deal with a string unless we manually parse it into object e HTML when we want to just receive a render into a container for instance wardrobe_view php Logic component has all the business logic to process inputs from user interface and it also has an interface to work with MySQL driver for PHP This interface abstracts the process of connecting manipulating and querying the database through the driver This interface is called PHP Data Object PDO and it really simplifies the process of dealing with the database because using the driver directly can become hard tedious and it will slow the development process This component also separates its classes depending on their purpose In addition this component separates the classes for querying from the ones for committing In our case the classes for querying are e Wardrobe_view php this one generates the HTML for the requested RACK so the interface only has to render the content in the proper place e Phases xml php this class generates the XML for representing the connections between RACKs and electrical phases It will be used by JS to render the phases and their connection with a RACK in the canvas element
71. ifferent We have to store information about the application about the users etc so we will have to analyze the problem using the knowledge acquired in Files and Databases course to abstract the problem and design a solution The application is aimed to be used by several people so we need an access control We will apply the knowledge from Security Engineering course to analyze the problem the environment and the potential users of the application to design a solution which achieves an acceptable tradeoff between usability and security Since this is a Bachelor Thesis we have to follow some software development technique to analyze design track develop evaluate and track the state of the project For this purpose we will apply the learning from Software Development Projects Management Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 8 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 1 2 Objectives The objectives for this project are to analyze design and implement a web application for managing and monitoring the data center of Computer Department The application has to ease the frequent tasks such as query room temperature The application has to allow external users who are mostly the owners of the machines within the center to check the state of their machines and the temperature of the room We want to apply a software engineering process so we can ensure the quality and the security of the application Moreo
72. igure 8 RACK view The RACK view now substitutes the phases but it keeps visible the RACKs so any other RACK can be clicked and queried in that case the current rack view will be hidden and then substituted by the new one In this view the possible interactions are add new machine edit rack information query specific machine hide the current view and go back to phase s picture or query a different RACK Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 47 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Now let s suppose that we click on Edit button which allows us to edit the RACK information i PHP Pay iy PHP in S9 HTML5 otypes PFC start html 44 JavaScr OS Y jQuery Y jQuery 8 e3 Google Computer Science and Engineering Department ag Arcos A Com n Scalab Sintonia Oveniew ween m Web 9 gt 147 Arcos A KVM Jean Luc Pi Jean Luc Picard 12 gt 156 Empty Arcos B Donaci n_arcos Evannai qQ Computer Science and Engineering Department lab lab inf uc3m es Figure 9 Edit RACK view This view is very similar to RACK view but now the fields to show the information of the RACK are editable text boxes The idea of this view to be similar to RACK view is that the user can feel that he can change the information he was just watching a few ago so we can avoid having formularies in a
73. ility Priority Notes FR_1005 Type Functional Room distribution Administrator regular user Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrators to see the whole distribution of the RACKs inside the room A regular user can only see a RACK if he has a machine inside it It also has to show the phases which are connected to RACKs and the connections which are visible to any user This distribution must be dynamic and modifiable only by an administrator Administrators must be able to add or delete any RACK of this scheme Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 4 Necessity 5 5 Table 6 FR_1005 Room distribution Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 29 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_1006 Room temperature ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1006 Type Room temperature Administrator regular user Functional Data Center Guardian shall show the temperature of the room The application will receive the data from a sensor installed in the room Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 Necessity 4 Table 7 FR_1006 Room temperature FR_1007 Consumption ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1007 Type Consumption Administrators Functional Data Center Guardian shall provide a section to insert consumption records query the last one show historical records and add delete
74. ion consumption page is the one responsible of presenting electrical consumption data In this page the last inserted record for each RACK is displayed in a table tagging each column to avoid confusions in value meanings Consumption data is grouped by phase group name at the moment there are three group phases e Phase R e Phase S e Phase T Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 57 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE In consumption page we also allow to visualize historical data in a line chart In this chart we can appreciate increase or decrease of RACK consumption Moreover a pie chart displays the occupation percentage presenting free vs occupied space These charts are also generated dynamically and the consumption records are ordered by insertion date showing first most to the left the oldest As we can see in the figure above user interface is composed by components css and javascript Those components add client side logic and interactive tools JavaScript CSS stylize and defines the layout of the interface Javascript component has separated class by general functionality For instance machine tools js provides supporting tools to handle and process the interaction with machines Rack tools js provides the same utility but for RACK elements Some example of machine tool is guery_machine This function is responsible of handling a user click on a machine sending the data pre processe
75. ion points by identifying the following elements for each screen e External Inputs e External Inquiry External queries to the system e External Output e Internal Logical Files Files or tables developed and consulted e External Interface File External files e g LDAP query We have identified seven main screens from the initial prototype Login screen overview page rack view rack edition view machine view machine edition view and consumption page Now let us analyze the screens http en wikipedia org wiki Cocomo 5 http en wikipedia org wiki Function_points Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 78 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e Login Login screen EE PT 11 cir CS RE Go EE TE WED Pope PF em DCE Computer Science and Engineering Department LU Le Ci Figure 30 Login screen o External Inputs None o External Inquiry One with a low complexity include two data types user and password and one file users table o External Output None o Internal Logical Files One low users table o External Interface File None e Overview Main page and overview of the datacenter Computer Science and Engineering Department e Figure 31 Overview screen o External Input None o External Inquiry None o External Output Map view One with a high complexity several data types and several files involved Temperature One with a low comp
76. ion view Now let us move to consumption page This page is accessible only by the administrator In this page it is displayed a table with the last stored consumption records This page differs from the initial prototype since it did not look well and intuitive at all and it lacked on data explanation it means there were many data and nothing explained what each field was The new design is presenting each phase Phase R S and T in a separated table with tags to explain what each field is The table also has a button to query historical data The next figure shows an example of consumption page al Nets 3 Traductor de Google M Gmail EY YouTube Broadcas Dropbox Simplifica amp bitly shorten share ThinkGeek T Shirt Consumption 10 Empty 11 Empty Add new record Laboratorio del Departamento de Inform tica LD labQlab infuc3m es Figure 27 Consumption page Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 74 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 1 1 7 Consumption graphs In the prototype we have only data for one RACK so now the table is almost empty However it was tested with some false data to check that 1t was displayed properly Now if we click in the button at the left of the consumption record it will display a line chart with historical data and a pie chart with occupation data The next figure is an example al Nets 3 Traductor
77. ique The login credentials will be the same as in LDAP server already set up in the lab Table 2 FR_1001 Sign Up P gina 27 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_1002 Login ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1002 Functional Type Login Everybody Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for any user to login into the system using his username and password Project tutor FR_1003 Change password ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes Aitor P rez Cedr s Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 5 5 Table 3 FR_1002 Login FR_1002 Type Functional Change password Administrator Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrators to change any user password at any time Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 4 Necessity 5 4 Table 4 FR_1003 Change password P gina 28 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE FR_1004 Delete account ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_1004 Type Functional Delete account Administrator Data Center Guardian shall provide the means for administrators to delete a user account Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 4 3 Table 5 FR_1004 Delete account FR_1005 Room distribution ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stab
78. ity and simplicity of interfaces My knowledge in Distributed Systems also helped me to understand how web technologies works My courses about Security Engineering also has been a great help during the whole Bachelor because there I learnt about the importance of protecting your application moreover in that courses I learnt about the importance of implementing security from the beginning and how to protect your web application against the most common attacks XSS and SQL injection In the project I also have learnt about installing and configuring a web server moreover I had to configure the web server to work under SSL applying concepts from different courses SSL from security web servers from Web Information Technologies to solve a problem The application should have taken 2715 lines of code it actually has 2300 in the prototype but this mismatch of 400 lines of code is produced by PHP include statement which allows to add PHP code defined in other file into the file where include is called reducing in this way the number of lines of code Remember that we have one component just for this purpose defining generic functions to be included many times in many places e g connect_DB php Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 94 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Related to web technologies I had to learn some key concepts of JavaScript for instance its native support for JSON I had to learn JSO
79. l php 40 logic query_machine php 84 logic rack_commit php 95 logic wardrobe_view php 143 index php 48 overview php 204 consumption php 259 TOTAL 1349 Table 32 PHP lines of code Javascript Lines js canvas_boxes js 134 js consumption tools js 130 js filters js 85 js machine tools js 309 js rack tools js 206 js show_things js 77 TOTAL 941 Table 33 JavaScript lines of code Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 87 de 97 5 3 2 Planning Now we are presenting a Gant chart generated using the tool Microsoft Visio 2010 Task Name el rell o RRA Mes keee PON eee AA ee MA AR EE E MA MERA ARA AE AE MEE AAA ee EA SIE AAA A E ME A ESPE ES EME EA A CI ETS DRE IE fa me ame EE EII NI jo Le Note In CD documentation exists a PDF document for a better view of Gant chart EEEE AO APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 3 3 Budget Human resources The total number of hours to spend during the life of the project was estimated using the tool COCOMO Category Cost Hour Hours Total Project Manager 60 00 16 960 Analyst 50 00 76 3 800 Designer 40 00 20 800 Developer 30 00 304 9 120 TOTAL 416 14 680 Table 34 Budget Human resources Software costs This table shows the costs for the software required to generate prototype and the
80. l programming From this fact many libraries have emerged for supporting and complementing the language The most impacting one may be node js This library allows executing JS in server side when JS was designed to be client side This library has a lot of consequences the first one companies can recycle people working for development in front end client side and send them to back end server side using this library The second one reduce the asynchronous requests from the browser since now the server can send information to the browser asynchronously without being requested by the client e g instant message system GTalk TuentiChat 2 https github com languages Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 20 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE We are providing some statistics features to the application however PHP and JS does not have support for rendering charts by themselves so in some way with PHP we can store the statistic data but then we have to render it somehow in the web browser Here is where Google Charts come in scene We will use this library provided and supported by Google This library offers a set of tools and a variety of charts to render statistic data on them It also has a very well documented API actually using this library is not difficult if you know the basis of JavaScript Among the chart types Google provides we are just using a line chart and a pie chart In the li
81. lexity o Internal Logical Files Four of low complex wardrobe users temp and machine o External Interface File None Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 79 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e Rack view Rack details Figure 32 Rack view screen o External Input Two low complexity add machine and edit machine o External Inquiry One of medium complex view of wardrobe o External Output None o Internal Logical Files Three of low complex wardrobe users machine o External Interface File None e Rack edit Update Rack information em mt tent cue Computer Science and Engineering Department 8 Figure 33 Rack edition screen o External Input Rack data One of medium complexity Buttons Two of low complexity discard an save o External Inquiry None o External Output None o Internal Logical Files Three of low complex wardrobe users machine o External Interface File None Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 80 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e Machine view Machine details Computer Science and Engineering Department Toe ap D Figure 34 Machine view screen o External Input Three of low complex Buttons edit delete and back o External Inquiry One of medium complex view of Machine o External Output None o Internal Logical Files Three of low comple
82. ment methodology We are using ESA LITE methodology as analysis method We will gather the requirements using his recommendations and rules The next chapters include the requirements and design steps recommended by ESA LITE Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 26 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 3 2 User requirements Along this section a numeric scale for priority stability necessity and clarity has been used This scale ranges from 1 to 5 where 1 stands for very low and 5 stands for the maximum ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes Functional or non functional Numeric id Type Meaningful name Who is using affected by this requirement Brief description of the requisite From who what where we got the requirement Yes or No Clarity REES 1 5 Necessity 1 5 1 5 Some notes to clarify the requirement if is not enough with the description Also used to describe ranges or possible values Table 1 Requirement template 3 2 1 Functional requirements FR_1001 Sign up ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes Aitor P rez Cedr s FR_1001 Functional Type Sign up Administrator Data Center Guardian system shall provide the means for administrators to register new users in the application Project tutor Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 5 5 User names and emails must be un
83. n the page This dialog is not a classical pop out spam which opens in a new window and takes focus Our dialogs are open as internal frames The main difference between RACK view and these pop outs is the drag able property of dialogs moreover dialogs are overlaid i e over the rest of elements This approach of dialogs presents a problem dirty terminated interactions For instance imagine we query a RACK then we query a machine and we decide to edit its information however we miss clicked and queried a different RACK Let us analyze now the state of the application we have a dialog with a form to edit a machine from a RACK that no longer exists in our interface context This situation creates a lack of integrity in the interface and as consequence a lack of integrity in the logic of the application In order to prevent this risky inconsistent state we are creating our dialogs as modal This basically means while there exists an opened dialog none of the overlaid elements by the dialog are accessible Now to cancel the flow of the action we have to cancel the interaction with the proper button so now the interface knows the interaction was canceled and it can returns to a previous state preserving consistency in the logic We can achieve this dynamic main page using a technology called AJAX described above in section AJAX Almost every interaction implies a background asynchronous request to the server completely tr
84. ne chart we will draw historical data from electrical consumptions ordered by insertion date The pie chart will be used to display the percentage of occupation of a RACK the occupation of a RACK is basically the used by space by current equipment vs free space where machine can be placed 2 2 4 2 AJAX AJAX stands for Asynchronous Javascript And XML This web development technique is very useful to create Rich Internet Applications This technique consists on executing asynchronous requests from the web browsers in background so we can update the web content without refreshing or loading again the whole page In this way we increase the interactivity the performance and the usability of web applications JavaScript is usually the language where AJAX requests are performed by sending an XMLHttpRequest this object is already implemented in modern browsers If a web browser does not implement this object AJAX cannot be used on that browser Even the name of the object being XMLHttpRequest it is not necessary that the content from AJAX requests responses is formatted in XML actually it can be formatted in JSON HTML or even plain text 2 2 4 3 PHP PHP is a general purpose server side scripting language It was designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages It was one of the first languages developed for server side and one of the first able to be embedded into an HTML source code document The code is interpreted by a web
85. notes and the measures of the machine which are the starting position in the RACK and how many Us takes going upward In this view it is also shown some charts with memory usage CPU usage and temperature which are statistics about usage This feature is optional and it will require the installation of a daemon in the target machine Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 49 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The next figure shows the Edit Machine view PP PHP in S i HTML e EE CSS ta JQuery KR jQuery totypes PFC start html TY Le HSI Googie Computer Science and Engineering Department arr La Le Home g Prukogui Gemen Jean Luc Picard y Com n Arcos A User Management jlpicard startrek uc3m es 922 123 456 Consumption Arcade 4011 Arcos B SEH Debian Squeeze Fogar 0 0 0 0 Scalab Donaci n_arcos Bright Server Sintonia lt Evannai My machine is awesome and powerfull ER LAB ES Computer Science and Engineering Department D lab lab inf uc Am es Figure 11 Edit Machine View In Edit Machine view you can change the name of the machine pick a responsible from a list change the name of the OS change the IP set the color or the machine bright or dark set the type of machine Server Storage server KVM switch or UPS and also change the starting position of the machine and the n
86. o extend its functionality By default it includes modules for Active Server Pages ASP but it can include modules of external manufacturers as PHP or Perl In opposite to Apache IIS is private software it belongs to Microsoft and it has the added cost of a paid license A new paradigm in web technologies is servlet A servlet is an object running in the context of a servlet container extending its functionality The main difference with traditional server languages e g PHP is the persistence of servlets A servlet do not die after the request is responded This fact offers a certain advantages over traditional languages that just are executed to generate HTML and die but it is at the cost of heavier development process and it is not very common the user of servlets unless the business logic becomes very complex Servlets requires something different than a web server they require a servlet container or an application server The main difference between container and application server is that servlet container supports only Java Server Pages JSP and servlets by other hand an application server supports beans as well I cannot define every term of this new paradigm because I will go out of topic An example of servlet container is Tomcat a project developed under Apache Foundation 2 2 2 Web Browsers A web browser is a client side application to surf over Internet The main task of this browser is to render HTML code with some CS
87. orks which share information documents and media but not only limited only to those ones Internet is also known as The Web The most common element in Internet is the hypertext document these kinds of documents are linked between them directly or indirectly The standard to define the hypertext document structure is HTML 4 01 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language However this standard is a W3C Recommendation which means the language is not standard at all This language describes the structure and complements the content with objects such as images The HTML defines the content with tags these tags are later interpreted by the web browser and rendered in a page The tags can define the structure where the content is enclosed e g define a paragraph for some text However in 2004 began the development of the standard HTML 5 This new standard includes new tags for supporting media features it included some tags just to add semantic meaning e g footer tag which is not present in HTML 4 01 it also includes canvas element which 1s used to render 2D 3D objects in the browser The canvas element in HTML can be used to draw using scripting In a canvas you can draw graphs make photo composition or just do simple animations Canvas was introduced by Apple in Mac OS X Dashboard and later implemented in Safari and Chrome This element consists of a region defined in HTML code with width and height attributes where you can draw whatev
88. ose we are back in RACK view but now we chose to query a machine for instance let us click on Database Server The next figure shows the result of the interaction Betabeers Hackathon Mj ChampionSelect Ci ju A Beginners Guide te 2 What Ruby IDE do yc 2 Aptana Download A Y Traductor de Goo jocial Nets y Traductor de Google M Gmail DN YouTube Broadcas 2 Dropbox Simplifica amp bitly shorten share ThinkGeek T Shirt A A Data Base Server x Responsible e aitor IRAN AAN Squeeze E mail aperez pa uc3m es Os E queeze Phone 91 1234 567 1P 163 117 154 15 Office 4 0 F11 Color Bright Type Server Starting position 10 Ittakes 1U This machine contains data bases for our projects Close Edit Delete Figure 25 Machine view as admin Now a dialog pops out overlaying the screen i e disabling any other interaction with the overlaid elements In this view we can see the information of the machine and in the case we are administrator we will have buttons to edit the machine and to delete the machine Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 72 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 1 1 5 Edit a machine In the case we choose to edit the machine a new dialog will open with a form to update the current machine data the next figure shows an example beers Hackathon x BY ChampionSelect CF x put A Beginner s Guide t
89. ould pre process the input and send only clean inputs to business logic but this statement is not always true so we have to add some filtering functionality to this layer Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 53 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE This component also has data structure definition for certain abstractions the logic components uses For instance it defines a class for a consumption record These definitions ease some processing of the data and the process of converting the raw data into something the presentation layer can understand Figure 14 Business Logic layer The last layer is the data layer This layer is responsible of storing querying efficiently and effectively the data used by the application It will be explained in detail in Chapter 4 4 Database Design This layer basically holds a relational model and the relations between its entities In its corresponding chapter is included a figure about this layer 4 3 Detailed Design We are now introducing the detailed design In the next sections we will explain in detail each component Moreover we will explain how works each class and its responsibility as well as associating them with the real word e g associate user interface with web browser 4 3 1 Presentation layer In this chapter we are describing in detail each component defined in architectural design providing a more accurate description on how each class works Th
90. resolutions it was not primarily designed for for instance presenting the application in a mobile device Actually it has some problems to work properly on mobile devices but this is due to jQuery library for JavaScript I would have to adapt the application by using jQuery mobile library instead We presented above three roles within the system We actually simplified the model and now instead of having users with roles we have a specific account for administrator and any other registered account is considered a regular user We simplified the model of permissions because we noticed that only people belonging to the department will access as administrator in other words we will not have external administrator so the capability of granting administrator privileges to specific user accounts loses priority and necessity which allows us to simplify the model and set an administrator account and suppose that any other account is a regular user one Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 44 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 4 1 Initial prototype We build an initial prototype using the application Axure RP Pro 6 This application provides tools to develop very fast rich and interactive prototypes without having to code anything moreover it generates your prototypes in HTML so no need of using special player We chose this tool because is really easy to use it has a lot of examples and documentation to ge
91. rting some notes about the machine this notes has no actual limitation but length which can be as maximum 255 characters We also store the position of a machine within the RACK and the number of Us it takes 3 1 Assumptions and dependencies In this chapter we are analyzing the kind of user of our application and we will try to gather as much information as possible we can from them in order to design a proper interface We are also specifying the software development methodology 3 1 1 User characteristics It is assumed that the users will access the application with a browser that has a reasonable support of HTMLS The browsers must also support JavaScript and jQuery 1 7 and must have cookies enabled In order to define our interface we have to consider some important facts listed below e Who users are e What activities are being carried out e Where the interaction is taking place e Match activities and needs The users of our system will be professors and technicians from the University so we can assume they will have some technical knowledge This assumption let us design an interface with less help message pop outs and less indications since users will have knowledge enough to figure out what an element is just by including a tag or a short description This can provide a more lightweight interface because it will have fewer elements However we have to use meaningful tags or descriptions related to our users knowled
92. s 3 2 2 Non Functional requirements N FR_0001 Secure connection ID N FR_0001 Type Non Functional Name Secure connection Actors N A Description Data Center Guardian requires the identification of every user so an authentication procedure needs to be developed Therefore this authentication will be performed via HTTPS in order to prevent any eavesdropping attacks Source Verifiability Yes Clarity 5 Stability 4 Necessity 5 Priority 3 Notes Table 14 N FR_0001 Secure connection Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 33 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 3 3 Software requirements In this chapter we are describing the software requirements We are following the same template we used in User Requirements At the end of the chapter it is also included a traceability matrix mapping software requirements with user requirements 3 3 1 Functional requirements FR_2001 Login form ID Name Actors Description Source Verifiability Stability Priority Notes FR_2001 Type Functional Login form Guests The application must provide a form to input user credentials and a submit method to send them to the server in order to authenticate themselves FR_1001 FR_1002 Yes Clarity 5 5 Necessity 5 5 The password field must not show the password in plain text A submit button must be provided Table 15 SR Login form FR_2002 Check if logged ID Name Actors Description
93. sed for this communication is HTTP explained above Since nowadays static HTML content is no longer served because it has a lot of limitations and probably the requested content is not static so serving just HTML files is no longer an option In order to offer dynamic content we need use a server side programming language able to process incoming requests processing them and responding with proper content A very popular open source web server is Apache HTTP Apache HTTP Server Project is a collaborative software development effort aimed at creating a robust commercial grade and freely available source code implementation of an HTTP Web server Uh APAC HE Figure 3 Apache logo This application has become very rich and robust because the amount of modules developed to add functionality By using the modules almost anything can be done with Apache from administration modules to integration of new back end languages e g PHP The web server is responsible of compiling the server side code and providing the result to the client as HTTP response Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 16 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE There are other alternatives to Apache for instance the Microsoft one Internet Information Services IIS IIS is a web server together with a set of services for Microsoft Windows servers This web server offers FTP SMTP NNTP and HTTP This web server also allows modules t
94. server with a PHP processor module PHP can be deployed on most Web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost every operating system It can be used with many databases e g MySQL Vulnerabilities are caused mostly by not following best practice programming rules technical security flaws of the language itself or of its core libraries are not frequent PHPIDS PHP Intrusion Detection System adds security to any PHP application to defend against intrusions PHPIDS detects attacks based on cross site scripting XSS SQL injection header injection directory traversal remote file execution remote file inclusion and denial of service DoS Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 21 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE PHP stores whole numbers in a platform dependent range either a 64 bit or 32 bit signed integer equivalent to the C language long type PHP also implements object oriented programming functionality Some common criticisms of the PHP language include weak support for Object oriented programming thread safety unit testing exception handling step through debugging domain modeling inconsistent naming and poor performance when compared to rival frameworks and languages e g JSP and servlets 2 2 4 4 XML XML is stands for Extensible Markup Language This language defines a set of rules for encoding information It is a structured language using tags to define elements Anything can be d
95. t RACK view If a RACK is clicked twice then its RACK view will be hidden and the canvas with phases will be displayed again If any other RACK is clicked that RACK information will be requested and rendered in place of the old one If a RACK is hidden either by clicking it twice or by closing the view with the cross button it is not destroyed it is just hidden in case the RACK view is hidden and requested again it is just shown instead of sending again a request to logic layer This was an optimization to avoid flooding the server with asynchronous requests it has the limitation that if another user updates that RACK and our user do not request it again he will not see the updates however we do not expect to have multiple administrators changing the information of the same RACK concurrently A machine can be queried from a RACK view by clicking on that machine in that case the machine view will be shown in a dialog frame overlaying the rest of elements making them inaccessible until the interaction with the dialog finishes From this view we can edit or delete the machine from the schema In case we want to edit our dialog will be substituted by a new dialog with the fields of machine view but this time being editable and holding the last value before the edition The edition and deletion of machines is a privileged process so the only one allowed to perform this operation is administrator Finishing the user interface descript
96. t started and in very few time you can build a prototype so developer and client can agree on what the product must be These are some images about how we expected the application to looks like onsum PHP PD PHP in 8 HTMLS a BQ JavaScrip WY CSS tabl Y jOuery UR Query Uu ure RP Prototypes PFC start html Gh S9 Google Computer Science and Engineering Department Lu D Ei Username example Password FN Computer Science and Engineering Department lab lab inf uc3m es Figure 6 Initial prototype login This is the login page which provides a basic header and footer which set the width of the page We can see that from the basic prototype we already have decided that the content must be centered in the page and that it must follow the current Lab theme The Lab theme is a combination of soft blue colors which give a sensation of relaxed content these combination of colors do not borrow the attention of the user from the main content in this case entering the user credentials while providing an aesthetic page 3 http www axure com Aitor P rez Cedr s P gina 45 de 97 Ma PHP D ii PHP in Prototypes PFC start html UA HTML 43 JavaScr CSS ta Y jQuery Y jQuery APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE electo Computer Science and Engineering Department Lo fy el KP
97. the connections between them the boxes of the phases have different colors because they belong to different groups The grey boxes belong to Phase R the black ones to Phase S and the white ones to Phase T The grey big boxes in the edges means that there is no RACK there that spot is free However they have a default connection to a phase in case a new RACK is added that will be the default connection to the phase Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 68 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE 5 1 1 2 RACK view In this page we can interact with two elements the RACKs on the edges and the left menu In the case we click on any RACK the interface will send an event i e HTTP request to web server asking for the information of the clicked wardrobe The server will process the request and will send back the response as HTML ready to asynchronously be rendered in the page but without refreshing the page itself The second possible interaction is with the left menu This menu allows navigation between different parts of the application As administrator it will provide a reference to overview the main page a reference to consumption the page where historical records are displayed and a reference to User Manual The user manual will be opened in a new tab as a PDF object The reference to consumption will be offered only if the user is an administrator Now let us assume the user has taken
98. tton The login is a required process to complete successfully to obtain access to the application Any non logged user guest who tries to access any other page will be redirected to login page without showing him any content This page can also show an error message in case the user inputs a wrong username password combination In that case the error will be highlighted in a red box with an error message describing the error Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 56 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE The user is redirected to overview page once he successfully logins into the server In this page takes place almost every possible interaction with the prototype From this page we can query RACK s information machine s information and the user manual in this page it is also included a left menu to navigate to consumption page RACK view will be displayed when any RACK is clicked and the user has enough privileges to see it a user has enough privileges to query a RACK if he has one or more machines in that RACK having a machine means being the responsible of that machine This action requires the logic layer to process the input interaction in other words when a RACK is clicked the interface asynchronously sends a request to logic layer to generate the content of the RACK view then the user interface will update the content between the RACKs and it will print there the content received from logic layer abou
99. umber of U s it needs In the prototype if you change the position nothing happens in the schema on Wardrobe view but in the final system it will check if it s possible the movement and will change the schema in case that is possible The main difference between Add machine view and Edit machine view is that edit machine button loads the previous values from the view into the editable fields while add new machine just sets them to blank or loads some default values Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 50 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE PHP Bag pop PHP in HTMLS sc PETER totypes PFC start html S IL DEE Computer Science and Engineering Department i La r Consumption Phase R on Phase S 5 Arcade aaa 6 Com n 7 Arcos Phase T 9 Arcos B Leyend Circuit a Computer Science and Engineering Department lab lab inf uc3m es Figure 12 Consumption page This page will show the last record of electric consumption inserted for each RACK The data is separated per phase group We have three different groups 1 Phase R 2 Phase S 3 Phase T Those are arbitrary names which contain a group of electrical phases The consumption unit is the Watt Each RACK has a theoretical limit that in case that is reached it will produce a blackout It is important to keep tracking of each R
100. users registered in the application from the application that will be much more comfortable than accessing phpMyAdmin which is actually a database management application e Login through LDAP Connect the application to log the users through LDAP so we delegate the task of authenticating users to a centralized login server The LDAP server is already installed and working in the Lab Making these two platforms work together is an interesting point for building an application that can be integrated with other services e Mobile devices Creating an application for Android to allow querying information from the smart phone It could be included a notification system to alert the user depending on some parameters temperature or machine disk usage This future work requires first to integrate a temperature sensors and the possibility of monitoring a machine Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 96 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e Translation to Spanish Translating the page to Spanish and offer both versions This option is interesting because the mother tongue in the Lab is Spanish e Custom alerts Allow users to set some conditions that in case they happen they get notified by email for instance This requires at least the temperature sensors and the monitoring daemon working e ACLs Implement ACL in the system This feature allows to set roles to users so we will not need anymore the a
101. ver we want to build an usable intuitive and rich application easy to use not only by the people from the department but by any people related to the data centre The main objective is to build a web application prototype we want the application to work via web The application has to be web based because we noticed about the recent impact and increase of popularity of web applications and we want to research a bit on this area increasing the knowledge learnt in the Bachelor and at the same time applying what we already know to develop an effective solution to a real problem We want also to relate the project with the branch of Computer Engineer so we want to interconnect this application with another external system and put them to work together Summarizing the main objectives of the project are e Design and build a web application prototype e Apply a software engineering methodology in a real world problem e Connect our prototype with other systems and put them to work together 1 3 Definitions acronyms and abbreviations e RACK Metallic support for storing computers It is used in Data Centers e RACK Unit U Standardized measure for RACKs A RACK usually has a size of 42 U e JS JavaScript e KVM Keyboard Video Mode switch e W3C Word Wide Web Consortium e HTML Hyper Text Markup Language e URI Uniform Resource Identifier e SQL Structured Query Language Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 9 de
102. x wardrobe users machine o External Interface File None e Machine edit Update Machine information Leg EE a o n o o o inom mm SI Computer Science and Engineering Department Figure 35 Machine edition screen o External Input Machine data One of high complexity Buttons Two of low complex Save discard o External Inquiry None o External Output None o Internal Logical Files Two of low complex wardrobe machine o External Interface File None Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 81 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE e Consumption Display consumption data O O O Figure 36 Consumption screen External Input None External Inquiry One of low complex only one table and a few fields External Output None Internal Logical Files One of low complexity one table consumption External Interface File None Now we are gathering all this results into a table so we can have a more general view of the data External External External Internal External Module Input Inquiry Output Logical Interface Files File Login 0 IL 0 LE 0 Overview 0 0 1L 1H 4L 0 Rack View 2L 1M 0 3L 0 Rack Edit 2L 1M 0 0 3L 0 Machine View 3L 1M 0 3L 0 Machine Edit 2L 1H 0 0 2L 0 Consumption 0 IL 0 IL 0 Total 9L 1M 1H 2L 2M 1L 1H 17L 0 Aitor P rez Cedr s Table 31 Summary function points P
103. y using PDO interface We extracted some steps that are always performed and instead of writing them again and again we just include them using a PHP directive to include code from other PHP files A very important class is filter_functions php which is responsible of providing essential functions for validating filtering and sanitizing all the user inputs from user interface This class is also a security measure to avoid XSS attacks and SQL injection We have to highlight that SQL injection is prevented in the three layers JS escapes the content before sending PHP filters and escape the content as well PDO interface provides prepared statements which are theoretically immune to SQL injection Many classes depends on check_if_logged class because they do not carry out their requested operation is the user does not have a valid session initiated Some other classes in includes component are just some content almost static but we included it as PHP because if it changes in one site it changes in the other places as well For instance the footer maintaining changes is really easy if we use include directive of PHP because then we only have to change one file in the whole system and it will be different in every page Aitor P rez Cedr s Pagina 60 de 97 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGING AND MONITORING A DATA CENTRE Figure 16 Detailed Business Logic layer The last layer is the data layer but this layer is just the D

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