Final Report - University of Washington
Contents
1. e Ifasheep is moving along the pasture wall stay away from it until it gets to a corner and starts moving a little bit away from the next wall You can then run up behind it and herd it away from the wall It is easier to do this on the top and bottom walls than the side walls because your dog is shorter than it is wide Figure 4 Playing the Game Design Notes The sheepdog game contains three main components the graphical user interface GUI the graphic object class hierarchy and the game logic class The section of the document assumes that you have read the user manual and or played the sheepdog game The Graphical User Interface The sheepdog game user FLTK and GLUT to manage user input and output There is one GUI class SD_Control used for all stages of the game As the user moves through the level design steps the game logic class SD_Game determines which GUI controls are showing and which are hidden SD_Game nextStep contains most of the code that alters the appearance of the GUI beyond just control values The game steps work as shown in Figure 5 Add at least one sheep pen click Next Step 1 Design Landscape Step 2 Add Sheep Add at least one sheep click Next Step 3 Add Sheepdog Add one in out of sheepdog caps click Next Resume Get all sheep Pause into pens Suspended Figure 5 Main game states Lose suspended Win suspended In2. Mouse Actions During Game Play Mouse Event Action in edit View GraphicsState larger center viewport Action in mapView GraphicsState smaller viewport on the right Middle Down Same as Level Design above Middle Drag Same as Level Design above Right Down If game is suspended same as level design above Else does nothing Right Drag If game is suspended same as level design above Else does nothing Table 1b Mouse events and actions during game play Keyboard Actions During Game Play Key gt or a Change sheepdog direction to down Key gt or d Change sheepdog direction to down Key gt or w Change sheepdog direction to down Key gt or x Change sheepdog direction to down Table 1c Keyboard events and actions during game play The Graphic Object Class Hierarchy All non GUI images shown in the game are built with the GO_GraphicsObj hierarchy which uses OpenGL See Figure 6 The game contains the graphic objects shown in Table 2 1 GO_GraphicObj currentGO Used during level design 2 GO_GraphicObj GOToBeAdded Used during level design 3 GO_Rectangle currentBoundBox Displays collision boundaries during level design 4 GO_GraphicObj pasture The green background for the game 5 GO_Collection pastureFences Initial landscape obstacles 6 GO_Collection sheepPens Sheep pen areas 7
3. sac erenneren a Es e EEE E EE AE Oe EENE EEE a eTR aan ERE T Rena SEEE e EEEE EKE EEs 3 Customizing Sheepdog Appearance ivai sisccpeedsscchusvsecssuevebesesonsnassisesiessasvbacssasvenssesyosyueepsesedevandsstevehcb hae sneovesvaeseany 4 Tips for Creating a Sheepdog srera orenian EE EE E eE E EEE E EE EE EO ESE E se Pascubes sepia ee Eaa 4 Step 4 Playing the G ames ccssesss se chseeccsesstheadcatesyestonabvaichcoeseesesbbvsisndnsconeansbtesct lectessoshvbasstancenensebtansh sasdeesbeabe pause 4 IMowins the Sheepdogs ici scisteuieslpiasevesvebedittescas pebhehes eaaa DE Eaa Eear eea Eea a ar AEn Roa enar Enes EEEE EEEE ieena 4 Pause Resume and ReSet cscssscscccccsscsssssesccccccccsssscsccccssscessscscccscsecesssceccescuccesssceseseccecesescsesscecsssssscseseseeeess 4 Game STATUS E E ETT T E E 5 Tips for Playing th Game 225 5 csceecesennusaidessystadasebbued che sataanbveiepeesnen reh eeaeee eia Ae aE ae TaSi eah Raae ERROREA EES 5 B Sea NOUCS A E E A E ATE E 5 The Graphical User Interface cceesssssesssssesssesescscceeseeecececececscsenenensacececuseseavacacacececeesesesesecesecsesenenensateseananas 5 The Graphic Object Class Hierarchy o i niian eaae aE oa ENERE EAEE EAKA 7 Whe Game Logic Classsici conia ierre AEEA EAEE TE ea E iene eens 7 Recommendations for th Future ss c cosstscseessecdscenstatavensscascessnszessvasscactuaceescpieavucnsanedcstasnaneagesundedensseaustedeawaives 9 Saving and C0011 02ers 9 Improved
4. Object Bounds eeesesessssesesesesesesescsescscseseseseveececececscnensnsnsesessceseavavavacececseseseeeseceseceeaeaeneneeteteeseeas 9 Improved Graphic Object Hierarchy cssssssssssssseseseseeececeesesesenessececsesesesvscaeacececseseeeeeseceeeeseseneneneeteneenaeas 9 Additional Customization for Level Design 0 cece ccesseseeececseseseneesseececeseseavacaescscscseseeeseneeeeecseneaenenseeeteesanes 9 Better Graphics Animation and Sound oc cesessssssssseessesececeesesesenensecsceceseseavsescacecscseseseseseeeeecseseneneneeeeteaeanas 9 More Realistic Animal Movement 0 0 cccceccssesesesceseseseseesesessecesesesesccssscaesesececnesesacaesesecaesaeseaeeeceeaeetaeaeeeeeeatees 9 Requiring Playable Levels eescssssssssesecesesesssesescscscseseseeeeececececscnenensasusecuesceseavavacacacecseseeeeeeeeeeeseeseneneneeteeees 10 Fix Known Problems ccccececccsseseseseesescsesceseseseecescscsaescsesecaesesaescsesecaesesaescsesecassesasacsesecaeeeeaeaeeeeeeaeeenaeeeeeeeeaeets 10 General Code Improvements ccc cccecssesessssesesesesesesesesesescscscseseseesecececeesesesensasasacecscuceavanaeacacececeeeeseeeteeeeeeeeeenes 10 Introduction Sheepdog is an interactive computer game with 2 dimensional computer graphics Users can create a game level by designing a landscape and building a customized flock of sheep They can then play the level that they have created To win the game the user must herd each of the sheep into a sheep pen before th
5. displaying in the Detail View You can use the mouse on the Map to change what appears in the Detail View To zoom make a middle button click in the Map and drag the mouse Drag left to zoom in or drag right to zoom out To pan right click in the map view and drag The white box moves as you move the mouse changing which part of the pasture displays in the Detail View Note You can zoom at any time However once you start playing the game you can only pan when the game is paused When the game is running the Detail View is centers on the sheepdog Step 1 Designing a Landscape You can design your own landscape by adding obstacles and designated Sheep Pen areas See Figure 1 Choose one of the three buttons in the GUI controls Sheep Pen Area Horizontal Fence or Vertical Fence Then left click in the Detail View After you have entered at least one sheep pen you can move to Step 2 When you are happy with your landscape press the Next Add Sheep button Tips for Designing Landscapes e The more sheep pens you have the easier it will be to play the game e The more fences you have the more difficult it will be to play e Do not surround pens with fences that completely block sheep from getting in Detail View Sheep Pen Map Figure 1 Level Creation Step 1 Design Landscape Step 2 Creating a Flock of Sheep You can design your own flock of sheep See Figure 2 Set the Speed and Reaction Distance sliders to the settings you w
6. your sheepdog settings and ready to play press the Next Play button Sheepdog Characteristics The top panel in the GUI controls contains Sheepdog Characteristics You can use the first two sliders to rotate the dog and change its size The third slider sets the sheepdog s endurance between 10 to 500 leaps To win the game you must herd all the sheep into pens before the dogs runs out of leaps Customizing Sheepdog Appearance The bottom panel in the GUI controls contains Limb settings You can select a limb button and then change the rotation position and size for that limb Adjust the limbs so you re you like the appearance of the leaping position Tips for Creating a Sheepdog e Make sure that you do not put the sheepdog in position where landscape features prevent it from reaching the sheep e The larger the sheepdog the harder it is to herd sheep e If you rotate the dog at an angle instead of straight up down or sideways it will take up more space This will make it harder to herd sheep e The lower the sheepdogs endurance the harder it is to win the game e Do not size or rotate the dog so that it overlaps with landscape features or sheep If you do the dog will not be able to move Figure 3 Level Creation Step 3 Add Sheepdog Step 4 Playing the Game Once you begin playing you must act quickly to herd each of the sheep into a sheep pen As soon as a sheep touches any part of the pen it will leap into
7. GO_Collection landscape Landscape obstacles added by the user 8 GO_Collection sheep Sheep added by the user 9 GO_GraphicObj sheepdog The sheepdog added by the user 10 GO_Collection sceneGOs A collection that points to GOs 4 9 Table 2 GO_GraphicObj objects in the Sheepdog game The GO_GraphicObj getObjectBound method supports collision detection Currently an object bound is the smallest rectangle that completely contains an object This method returns a known invalid bound when use for a GO_Collection object The Game Logic Class Once the game is in play the Sheepdog responds to user initiated actions that set direction and to timer events The Sheep respond to timer events Neither the Sheep nor the Sheepdog can move into positions where they will collide with other animals or landscape obstacles GO_GraphicObj Hierarchy GO_GraphicObj _ Transformation fi GO_Drawable GO_Animal GO_Collection ih GO _Fillable GO_Dog GO_Sheep A GO_Rectangle GO_Oval GO_Circle Figure 6 The GO_GraphicsObj class hierarchy When the user changes the sheepdog direction the direction is stored as a state in the GO_Dog object However no visible action occurs until the periodic timer event occurs At this time the entire game state is updated The general description of the SD_Ga
8. Sheepdog User Manual m Program Design Notes m Future Recommendations Jennifer Beers CSS 450 2D Graphics University of Washington December 2001 Table of Contents Table of COMentss caiiiedissseensadiiss dcssesiaadocdesnetevsdlasds Ge ceca evieindivedesadacdania AEAEE RET a 1 TitrOGU Ctl OM caves cctdscazssesssnds con seaatseesstsduesstadanendiacsceesnaablensecssves sued Sinwhs sidevsdbucdived AE a RE ENA TE ERS EAE aA 1 User Manual visi ccs ctesstcncecssscashs cnduhsdevsscadbadesad ae nipe pan s a EEE ESEE EE E Ena EERE NESES EEOC Ea RECKEN REE 1 Using the Detail View 0 cccesesesessesesscesesesesssescscecscseseseeececsesesenensasasecucussseavacacacececseseseseteceeeeseneaeaeasaseneeeanes 2 Using the Map to Zoom and Pan ou eeesessssssssseeeseseseeeeececececeeseseseneasececscscesesvacacacececeeseeseeeeeeeesesenenenseteteaeaeas 2 Step 1 Designing a Landscapes cccccccccecscsescesesevesensusescoecneeseseosesessonersessohashesoenevessnsunsbonsosoveras stuehsdensoronde eterna 2 Tips for Designing Landscapes s sicions cde canceeie cbs ceetnesceassaes cleat cscvasdadacducdasesaasaacnsat ER A EO EAE 2 Step 2 Cr ating a Flock of SHES p iics ccssscsetetisesssaaieeansteseseiterees dicvegeiebiel ai a a 3 Tips for Creating a PIOCK 2 s 2ss 2i descpSen shsvacosdscauevonsaddeocosEgacoaepibi seiere eise eei tno ae aAA aa e aseet Ena tane 3 Step 3 Adding Sheepdog scciiciincnneennnnnn nanie e e E E E aE S cies 3 Sheepdog Characteristi ess as
9. ant for a sheep Then left click in the Detail View to add a sheep The sheep you add will have the settings that show on the Speed and Reaction Distance sliders You can also adjust settings with these sliders immediately after a sheep has been added Each sheep can have its own independent settings After you have entered at least one sheep you can move to Step 3 When you are happy with your flock settings press the Next Add Sheepdog button Tips for Creating a Flock e The more sheep you have the harder the game will be e Faster sheep are harder to herd than slower sheep e Sheep are easiest to herd when they react to a sheepdog within 3 or 4 sheep widths away If they react to dogs at a farther distance it can be very difficult for the dog to herd them away from the edges of the pasture If they only react to dogs within 2 sheep widths away they are easy to herd but it takes the sheepdog more leaps to get close enough to affect the sheep e Make sure to leave enough room to add a sheepdog e Make sure that you do not put a sheep in position where landscape features prevent it from ever reaching a pen Figure 2 Level Creation Step 2 Add Sheep Step 3 Adding a Sheepdog You can only have one sheepdog but you can customize many of its aspects See Figure 3 Decide where you want the sheepdog to be and then left click in the Detail View You can then adjust the sheepdog settings which are described below When you are happy with
10. ayable levels such as having one sheep pen sheep or sheepdog completely blocked by obstacles Fix Known Problems A few known problems should be fixed e Users can place objects outside of the pasture e Ifa user left clicks to insert an object drags outside the editView and then releases the object still displays It is not added to sceneGO s and disappears when the user left clicks somewhere in editView e Ifthe user left clicks outside the editView then drags into the edit View and releases the previously added object gets moved to the mouse up location This can result in an invalid state where the game does not have a sheep or sheepdog The left click and drag code needs to be revisited and possibly redesigned e The sheepdog can be rotated so that it collides with an obstacle or sheep In this case the sheepdog can never move Collision detection could be added to prevent this case e Ifa pen is partially blocked by fences but a small corner sticks out the sheep can touch the corner and magically squeeze through the small opening into the pen This could be fixed by putting in collision detection along an entire path of movement e When the game is lost the sheepdog rotates 180 degrees When it does this it can rotate to collide with sheep and fences It would be better to vertically center the origin of GO_Dog then flip the dog General Code Improvements In general the sheepdog code was written with consistent coding con
11. dog speed is still relative to the sheep speed but a faster algorithm would be better See this and many other notes in the Recommendations for the Future section below Recommendations for the Future Many additional features and code improvements could be added to the sheepdog game Saving and Loading In the future level designers should be able to save their work as a level and then reload a single level or a series of levels Level designers could also provide a difficulty rating for their level to be used for more complex scoring Alternately the Resume feature could be implemented by doing a deep copy of the sheep collection and copying the sheepdog When the player clicked the resume button the existing sheep and sheepdog would be deleted and replaced with copies of the originals Improved Object Bounds The graphics object class should support bounds that fit tightly around the subcomponents of an object This would support more accurate collision detection and include rotated limbs in boundary calculations Improved Graphic Object Hierarchy GO_GraphicsObj contains several methods that really only apply to GO_Animal This hierarchy should be redesigned to support movement and animation more efficiently Additional Customization for Level Design The level design steps could be enhanced to become a more fully featured graphic editing environment The user could create custom obstacles such as ponds rocks and animated gates tha
12. e sheepdog becomes exhausted This documents contains the user manual for the game and a description of the program design In addition there are recommendations for future features and design improvements The document assumes that the reader is familiar with 2 dimensional computer graphics and event driven programming User Manual The Sheepdog program begins in level design mode You go through three steps to design a level and then play the game The objective is to herd every sheep into a sheep pen In both level design mode and the game play mode the main game window shows two views of the sheep pasture see Figure 1 Graphical User Interface GUID controls show on the left a Detail View of the sheep pasture shows in the middle and a smaller Map of the pasture shows on the right During level design Step 1 through Step 3 you will see a message box at the bottom of the GUI controls This box will show messages about how to design your game level Figures 1 through 3 show how the game appears during the three level design steps and actual game play Using the Detail View When you are designing levels during Steps 1 through 3 you can left click in the Detail View to add objects After you click down you can drag the mouse to move the object When you release the left mouse button the object is added to the level Using the Map to Zoom and Pan The Map shows the entire pasture area A white box shows which part of the pasture is
13. me updateGameState process is as follows e Iterate through the sheep collection and delete any sheep that have moved into pens during the last timer event e Iterate through remaining sheep Ifthe dog is nearby change direction to face away from it Try to move If movement results in a collision or faces toward a nearby dog turn 90 degrees and try another direction this creates better herd behavior than turning 180 degrees Stop if none of the four directions are clear Check if the sheep is in a pen If so move it to the center of the pen set its transformation to show a rotated angled leap and mark the sheep for deletion Change the sheep from standing to leaping or vice versa even if it did not move to a new location e Try to move the sheepdog in its current direction If there is a collision stand still The sheepdog does not turn away from objects because that would seriously detract from its ability to herd sheep Change the sheepdog from standing to leaping or vice versa even if it did not move to a new location e Scroll the editView so that centers on the sheepdog e Update game statistics e Check if the game has been won or lost If so update the GUI and suspend the game Because n sheep check for collisions with n sheep and m landscape features the algorithm is O n n m It slows the game considerably when there are a large number of sheep The game difficulty remains consistent because the
14. some cases GUI controls use callback methods in the ServiceGUL cpp file to interact with SD_Game In other cases SD_Game methods get values directly from the GUI controls as needed The ServiceEvents file contains callbacks for mouse events and keyboard actions to supports the features shown in Tables la 1b and 1c When the game is suspended it takes no actions in response to mouse or keyboard events In the Lose or Win state the game is suspended When the game is being played the editView centers on the sheepdog Panning is prevented during game play except when the game is paused Mouse Actions During Level Design Steps 1 through 3 Mouse Event Action in editView GraphicsState Action in mapView GraphicsState larger center viewport smaller viewport on the right Left Down Add the current object type landscape feature sheep or sheepdog at the position clicked Left Drag Drag the object which was just added with Left Down Left Up Insert the object into the appropriate game collection if there is no collision Middle Down Records the mouse position Middle Drag Left motion zooms into the game world right motion zooms out of the game world Zoom amount is determined from the starting click position Right Down Moves the origin of the Zoom Box and Play view to the clicked position Right Drag Drags the Zoom Box Table 1a Mouse events and actions during level design
15. t open and close after a specified series of timer events In addition there are many additional appearance and behavior attributes that could be added for sheep and sheepdogs Better Graphics Animation and Sound Texture maps sounds and more complex more animals shapes and animation sequences would all enhance this game Specific events worth highlighting include the sheep first reacting to a nearby dog the sheep entering a pen the dog becoming exhausted losing and the dog herding the entire flock winning More Realistic Animal Movement The sheep could use a more sophisticated algorithm to prevent wall crawling rather than requiring the redirector landscape obstacles in the corner of the pasture It would also be great if the sheep changed speeds and followed other sheep that passed nearby herding instinct Currently the sheep can appear to panic rapidly and repeatedly switch between two directions when they are partially cornered by a dog This is a neat effect for a simple game and it doesn t block game play However the direction code should be fixed so that the sheep can always find a direction if one is available It would also be helpful to allow the user to have the sheepdog halt whenever the user wants without requiring it to come up against an obstacle Requiring Playable Levels The game currently encourages users to make playable games but it would be great to add logic that prevent some of the remaining unpl
16. the middle of the pen and disappear If you herd all the sheep before you run out of leaps you win If you run out of leaps before you herd all the sheep your sheepdog becomes exhausted and the game is over When the game ends whether you win or lose the game will stop and you can see your results on the GUI controls as described below Moving the Sheepdog You can move the sheepdog in four directions right left up and down You can click on the direction buttons in the GUI control use the arrow keys or use the following letter keys a left d right w up x down Pause Resume and Reset Choose Pause at any time to freeze the game Choose Resume to restart the game When the game is paused you can pan using the Map see Using the Map to Zoom and Pan When the game resumes you can no longer pan The Reset feature is not yet implemented Game Status While you are playing the game the GUI controls show the game status You can see how many sheep you have successfully herded into sheep pen areas and how many you have left to herd You can also see how many leaps you have left You can pan and zoom using the Map but you cannot do anything else Press Quit to end the game Tips for Playing the Game e Once a sheep is heading toward a pen you can go herd other sheep As long as you do scare the sheep in another direction and it does not hit an obstacle or another sheep it will continue in to the pen on its own
17. ventions However the last 10 percent of code was added quickly and should be cleaned up For example e There are a handful of some unnamed literals that should be pulled out and put into appropriate class headers e Some methods names are legacies of the game initial design and are no longer useful for the current game e Some of the SD_Game functions should be made private instead of public e The UI implementation could be improved Perhaps the game could bring up a different window for game play rather than showing and hiding controls Also controls such as Next should be visible but greyed out rather than hidden e Some code in the Game API library is not used in the game and could be removed from the executable using IFDEF statements
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