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NightView User`s Guide - Concurrent Software Portal

1. macro invocation 7 143 source line decoration 7 68 7 140 7 76 n 7 76 show argument 7 32 body 7 12 pos 9 73 specification 7 12 A A source line decoration 7 67 Abbreviations b breakpoint 7 84 bt backtrace 7 69 c continue 7 103 command 7 1 7 144 d delete 7 96 exception info exception 7 135 f frame 7 114 fo forward search 7 65 hold mcontrol hold 7 91 i b info breakpoint 7 122 1 list 7 61 n next 7 106 ni nexti 7 108 p print 7 70 ptype info declaration 7 139 a quit 7 20 release mcontrol release 7 91 representation info representation 7 139 s step 7 105 si stepi 7 107 whatis info whatis 7 138 xl translate object file 7 24 Abnormal termination 7 37 Abort 3 30 Accelerator 9 10 9 11 9 14 9 15 Glossary 1 Ctrl A 9 30 Ctrl B 9 26 Ctrl C 9 30 Ctrl D 9 28 Index 1 NightView User s Guide Ctrl G 9 29 Ctrl L 9 30 Ctrl M 9 26 Ctri N 9 28 Ctrl O 9 29 Ctrl P 9 26 Ctrl Q 9 22 Ctrl S 9 28 Ctrl T 9 27 Ctrl U 9 27 Ctrl W 9 27 Ctrl X 9 30 Access vector 3 37 Accessing files 3 1 Actual argument macro 7 141 7 143 7 144 Ada 1 5 3 22 3 26 3 35 4 3 4 10 4 15 4 17 4 18 4 20 4 21 4 23 4 25 4 27 4 30 5 3 5 10 5 11 5 13 5 14 5 17 5 18 5 20 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 32 7 47 7 86 7 100 7 113 9 24 9 44 Glossary 2 Ada elaboration 3 35 Ada exception 3 23 7 111 7 112 7 135 Glossary 5 Ada exception handling 3 35 7 111 7 113 7 135
2. Detaching from a process means that the debugger no longer has control over that process and any future children that are created by that process The debugger still has control over previously created children See detach on page 7 35 NightView provides dialogues as a means of starting processes via a shell and communi cating with those processes See Dialogues on page 3 4 See also remote dialogue In the graphical user interface a Dialogue Window provides you with a way to interact with a NightView dialogue See also dialogue See Dialogue Window on page 9 16 A symbolic representation of the raw machine language that makes up your program To disassemble part of your program use the x command with the i format See x on page 7 72 In the graphical user interface you can view disassembly in the debug source dis play by using the View menu in the Debug Window See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 A display item is an expression or memory location whose value or contents are to be printed out whenever the associated process stops NightView assigns a unique number to each display item in each process See display on page 7 77 and info display on page 7 129 DWARF ELF event map file eventpoint eventpoint modifier exception family focus Glossary DWARF is the standard format for symbolic debugging information used with ELF files See ELF Executable and Linking Format
3. Set a tracepoint tracepoint eventpoint modifier event id name tracepoint name lat location spec value logged expression if conditional expression eventpoint modifier Specifies the tracepoint modifier See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 event id An identifier for the trace event to be traced by NightTrace This is either a numeric trace event ID or a symbolic trace event tag obtained from the event map file specified by the eventmap parameter of the set trace command see set trace on page 7 87 name tracepoint name Gives a name to the tracepoint for later reference See name on page 7 83 If tracepoint name is already defined then this command adds the newly cre ated tracepoints to the list of eventpoints associated with the name location spec Specifies the tracepoint location See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame value logged expression Specifies that the value of logged expression should be recorded with the trace event The expression is evaluated in the user program so it obeys the same tules that conditional and patchpoint expressions do See Expression Evalu ation on page 3 21 if conditional expression Specifies a tracepoint condition The language and scope of the expression is determined by the location at which the tracepoint is set see Sc
4. Use the family command to give the name child to only the newly forked child pro cess Solution You should enter one of local family child all parent local fa child all parent At this time the a11 argument consists of both the parent and child PIDs In section Cre ating Families on page 4 12 you created the parent family so it consists of only the parent PID Subtraction leaves only the child PID in the child family Tutorial You will use the child family name later in the tutorial Note that to name only the child process you had to issue this command after Night View executes the fork in the msg program Catching up the Child Process To individually manipulate the parent and child processes you must qualify your debug ger commands Exercise Read about qualifiers Get the child process to continue execution up to the breakpoint on the call to child_routine line 25 in main c line 21 in main f and line 25 in main a Solution You should enter one of local child continue local child c For the C program NightView displays local 13504 at Breakpoint 5 0x10002840 in main at main c line 25 25 B child routine total sig local For the Fortran program NightView displays local 13504 at Breakpoint 4 0x100038fc in main at main f line 26 26 B call child routine local For the Ada program NightView displays local 13504 at Breakpoint 4 0x10010bd0
5. 0000 red and it is set in the usr 1ib X11 app defaults Nview color file D 6 GUI Customization monitorWindowColumns This resource controls the column width in the Monitor Window The default value for this resource is 80 See Monitor Window GUI on page 9 55 showStaleIndicatorToggle set If the value of this resource is True then stale data indicators appear in the Monitor Window initially See Monitor Window GUI on page 9 55 The default value for this resource is True useKoalaTalk Set this resource to False if you do not want NightView to communicate with other tools See Using NightView with Other Tools on page 3 36 The default value of this resource is True Resource values are specified in the application resource files See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Font Selection NightView defines a default font to use for most of the textual display in the windows This proportional width font is specified in the usr 1ib X11 app defaults Nview resource file as the value of the standard Motif fontList resource This font is used by window components that do not have a font specified for them A few of the window components use fonts specified by NightStar font resources These fonts are specified in the same resource file as the default font See NightStar Font Resources on page D 3 You can change the fonts used by NightView and you can control whether or not you use the Nigh
6. Program Counter When a process is stopped it has stopped at one specific place in the program which is the address of the next instruction to be executed This place is where the program counter points Different machines have different sets of registers but the program counter is always referred to as pc If the currently selected frame is not the most recently called frame then the cpc register points to the instruction that made the call and the pc register points to the place where execution will return after the call In the most recently called frame cpc and pc point to the same place 3 25 NightView User s Guide Context Scope Stack 3 26 The location pointed to by cpc implies a specific context for evaluating expressions Scpc is located in some procedure or routine or function the terms are used inter changeably throughout this document This procedure was coded in some language Ada C C Fortran or assembler By default the language of the routine containing the Scpc is the language used to evaluate any expressions Another component of the context is the current stack frame see Current Frame on page 3 27 It establishes which instance of a given local variable you are actually referring to in an expression NightView provides special syntax see Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 for referencing variables in other contexts besides the current one Most languages have scop
7. The following sections describe the parts of the Global Window Global Menu Bar The menu bar in the Global Window allows you to perform global NightView actions invoke other NightStar tools and access the online help system Global NightView Menu Global Tools Menu Global Help Menu 9 74 Mnemonic N The NightView menu is used to control NightView windows and perform global NightView actions The NightView menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 for a description of the individual NightView menu items Mnemonic T The Tools menu may be used to invoke other NightStar tools The Tools menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug Tools Menu on page 9 32 for a description of the individual Tools menu items Mnemonic H This menu provides ways of getting context sensitive help help on the current window help on the last error NightView encountered as well as several other categories of help NightView help information is displayed in a Help Window See Help Window on Graphical User Interface page 9 76 The Help menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window The Help menu is described in another section See Help Menu on page 9 3 A g
8. This section describes dialog boxes that may appear while you are using the Dialogue Window Program Arguments Dialog Box Attach Dialog Box 9 20 This dialog box pops up if you invoke NightView with a program name as a command line argument see Chapter 6 Invoking NightView on page 6 1 It allows you to specify the arguments that your program expects The message in the dialog box tells you the name of the program and what to do You cannot interact with other NightView windows except the Help Window until you select either OK or Cancel in this dialog box Enter Program Arguments Enter the arguments if any in the text input area Pressing Return activates the OK button See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 Choose an Action Button If you are satisfied with the arguments you entered click on OK If you decide you do not want to debug this program click on Cancel You can still debug the program later by entering the appropriate shell command in the dia logue I O area See Dialogue I O Area on page 9 18 You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help The dialog box will disappear and you should see a shell command for your program with the arguments you specified in this dialog box appear in the dialogue I O area The program is started causing a Debug Window to appear for it at that point you can debug the program See Debug Window on page 9 21 This dialog box pops up when you se
9. You should enter one of parent local info eventpoint parent local i ev parent all info eventpoint parent all i ev For the C program NightView responds with the following Eventpoints for process local 15625 2 lt B Y main c 25 3 B Y main c 30 tcrossings 1 hits 1 is Y parent c 16 only if isec total sig crossings 6 8 B N parent c 16 crossings 6 hits 1 commands print total sig 9 E Y parent c 16 val sec sig ct 3 3 1 Eventpoints for process local 13504 4 B Y main c 18 4 29 NightView User s Guide crossings 1 hits 1 5 B Y main c 25 crossings l hits 1 6 B Y main c 30 parent For the Fortran program NightView responds with the following Eventpoints for process local 15625 2 B Y main f 26 3 B Y main f 28 tcrossings 1 hits 1 7 B Y parent f 17 only if isec eq total sig crossings 6 8 B N parent f 17 crossings 6 hits 1 commands print total sig SB Y parent f 17 val isec mod sig ct 3 1 Eventpoints for process local 13504 4 B Y main f 26 tcrossings 1 hits 1 5 B Y main f 28 6 B Y main f 19 tcrossings 1 hits 1 parent For the Ada program NightView responds with the following Eventpoints for process local 15625 2 B Y main a 25 3 B Y main a 27 tcrossings 1 hits 1 dy B Y parent a 15 only if isec total sig crossings 6 8 B N parent a 15 crossings 6 hits 1 commands print tot
10. list 7 137 Routine replacement 7 80 rtcp 3 37 rtutil 3 37 run 3 7 7 22 9 52 9 53 9 54 run 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 31 7 33 7 144 Run a program 1 2 3 15 4 6 5 6 7 31 7 33 Run to Here button 9 38 9 41 S s step 7 105 S key 9 38 Ss key 9 38 Safety level forbid 6 2 7 20 7 26 7 36 7 43 7 52 7 96 7 97 unsafe 3 31 6 2 7 19 7 26 7 35 7 36 7 52 7 96 7 97 verify 6 2 7 19 7 20 7 26 7 36 7 43 7 52 7 96 7 97 Sash 9 12 9 18 9 19 9 34 9 38 Saving agentpoints 3 16 Saving breakpoints 3 16 Saving Data Window contents 9 59 Saving eventpoints 3 16 Saving exception handling 3 16 Saving monitorpoints 3 16 Saving patchpoints 3 16 Saving tracepoints 3 16 Saving watchpoints 3 16 Scheduler frequency based 3 19 3 37 Scope 3 26 3 33 7 84 7 88 7 136 Glossary 10 Script debugger 7 119 7 120 Scroll bar 2 5 5 5 5 7 9 18 9 34 9 42 9 44 9 75 Search button 9 44 Searching function 9 24 path 7 62 7 63 7 129 regular expression 5 16 7 65 9 44 wildcard pattern 9 24 9 44 Section manual 4 5 5 4 7 117 Select a Function Unit Dialog Box 5 16 9 24 9 44 Select a Source File Dialog Box 9 24 9 44 selectColor resource 9 12 select context 3 36 7 108 7 116 Selection object 5 2 5 5 5 8 5 15 5 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 30 5 31 5 34 9 1 Index process 9 19 Selection policy Browse 9 9 9 42 9 44 Extended 9 10 9 19 9 43 9 51 Multiple 9 10 9 19 9 21 Single 9 9 selectionPolicy resource 9 9 Sem
11. on page 7 115 Down Clicking on this button advances one stack frame toward the currently executing newest stack frame This action is similar to using the down command with no argument See down on page 7 116 Debug Interrupt Button Clicking on this button interrupts whatever the debugger is doing This is similar to using the shell interrupt character in the command line interface See Interrupting the Debugger on page 3 32 Debug Qualifier Area In single process mode the debug qualifier area is a label that reminds you that 9 41 NightView User s Guide commands entered in the debug command area are implicitly qualified by the currently displayed process in this Debug Window See Debug Command Area on page 9 42 See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 The label shows the process s qualifier specifier See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 In group process mode any commands that you enter are implicitly qualified by the qualifier associated with this Debug Window See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 The qualifier label is replaced by an indicator that you are in Group Mode To see the value of the qualifier use the View menu item Show Qualifier See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 Debug Command Area The debug command area in the Debug Window is used to enter NightView commands Like the dialogue command area in the Dialogue Window and the global command area in the Global Wi
12. translate object file on page 7 24 Programs and Processes It is necessary to distinguish between a program and a process A program is something that you write compile and link to form a program file A process is an instance of execution of a program There may be several processes running the same program Multiple Processes Families 3 2 The most typical use for NightView is debugging a single program running as a single process but NightView can also be used to debug an application consisting of multiple processes so the debugger has ways to describe multiple processes If you come to a section of the manual that describes multiple processes and you are only debugging one process you can usually just ignore the parts about multiple processes You may inadvertently create multiple processes even though you only want to debug one This may happen if your program forks For example your program may call system This call works by using the fork service to create another process which then runs a shell A process created this way is called a child process Because NightView has the capability of debugging child processes you are notified when this happens If you don t want to debug the child process then you should detach from it which allows it to run without further interference from the debugger See detach on page 7 35 If you know in advance that you don t want to debug any child processes you can use the set c
13. 0x2ff7eae4 at fact c line 26 26 B lt gt answer factorial x You change the interest level threshold which makes factorial interesting again Your current frame is still interesting so it is not reset to frame 0 The frame command shows that your current frame is still the frame for main but now that frame is frame number 1 set auto frame set overload set search Command Line Interface Control the positioning of the stack when a process stops set auto frame args The functionality of this command has been subsumed by the interest command See interest on page 7 54 This command has been retained for compatibility but it might be removed in some future release Control how NightView treats overloaded operators and routines in expressions set overload operator on off routine on off operator on off Turn operator overloading on or of f routine on off Turn routine overloading on or off The set overload command determines how NightView treats overloaded operators functions and procedures in expressions See Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 This behavior can be controlled for operators separately from functions and procedures using the keywords on the command The specified settings apply to all expressions eval uated by NightView The qualifier is ignored by the set overload command The routine mode also controls overloading of function names which appear in location spec
14. 10 Chapter 4 Tutorial Contents About the Titorial prusa eene n a ri 4 1 Creating a Progra it a cs AS NE in MEN Soa a 4 2 Starting NightView tia ii ete Hee te de nw aS 4 3 Getting General and Error Help 0 c eee cece 4 5 Starting Your Program voii ies chen A Se pee Ea 4 6 Debugging All Child Processes 0 0 0 0 ce cee cece rr 4 7 Handling Signals 3 385 it e Re EE SS 4 7 Fisting the Source eevee theses k ts tddi 4 8 Setting the First Breakpoints 1 2 0 2 eect teens 4 9 Listing Breakpoint ereo da A ne BEA OR A 4 10 Continuing Executions is eee ae BE ee See ee E 4 10 Not Entering Functions 0 00 00 cece cece t eens 4 11 Entering Input cc atte ete es eee he oes aN 4 11 Creating Families 3 arna Stale A ota edn rac ot 4 12 Continuing Execution Again 0 2 sanese eenean 4 13 Creating Families Again 0 0 cect tenet eens 4 14 Catching up the Child ProcesS 0ooooooooorrrrrorr e eens 4 15 Verifying Data Valles siii oe ROS VERGARA NEES EA Ss 4 16 Entering Functions it ii Osi eae ec ee Heit Foe ee 4 16 Examining the Stack Frames 1 0 0 eee eect a 4 18 Moving in the Stack Frames 0 cece teen eeeees 4 19 Verifying Data Values in Other Stack Frames 0 0 0 e ee eee ee eee 4 20 Returning to a Stack Frame 2 ro 4 20 Resuming Execution 0 00 ccc eee ene n nent neees 4 21 Setting the Default Qualifier o ooooooooooooorrrr ro 4 22 Removing a Br
15. By default each item is displayed with an identification string a stale data indicator then the value itself laid out left to right The stale data indicator can be turned on and off via mcontrol There are 3 possible states that this indicator can denote Updated The monitorpoint location was executed and values were saved since the last time NightView updated the display Note that the location may have been executed many times in between successive display updates The displayed value represents the value as it existed the last time the monitorpoint location was executed Not executed Execution has not reached the monitorpoint location since the last time NightView updated the display This may happen if that location is executed infrequently if the process gets suspended for some reason or if the process is stopped by a signal or breakpoint The displayed value still represents the value as it existed the last time the monitorpoint location was executed Executed but not sampled Execution reached the monitorpoint location but no values were saved because of an ignore count or unsatisfied condition In this case the displayed value is not nec essarily the same as the value of the expression the last time the monitorpoint loca tion was executed The actual form of the stale data indicator depends on the interface being used See Monitor Window Simple Full Screen on page 8 2 See Monitor Window GUI on page 9 55
16. Current Frame on page 3 27 That is any lower frames are automatically finished before stepping There are also commands to single step individual instructions See nexti on page 7 108 and stepi on page 7 107 When the program has just started next steps to the beginning of the main procedure Because of optimization and other considerations each process may appear to stop multiple times in the same line or not at all in some lines The decorations that appear when you list the source can help you decide which lines are executable see Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 Also disassembly can help you determine the flow of control through your program see x on page 7 72 and Debug View Menu on page 9 28 stepi Command Line Interface If an exception propagates to the current frame or a calling frame then the next com pletes and execution is stopped at the beginning of the exception handler NOTE If you step to a source line and the instructions corresponding to that line begin with an inline call NightView positions you at the beginning of the inline subprogram rather than on the line with the call Execute one instruction stepping into procedures stepi repeat Abbreviation si repeat The repeat argument specifies the number of instructions to single step The default is one instruction stepi executes a single machine instruction in each of the processes specified by the qua
17. Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Select a Data Window and click OK to move the local variables data item to another win dow This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Move Registers This dialog box pops up when you click on Move and To other Data Window in the Data Item Popup Menu for a registers data item See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Select a Data Window and click OK to move the registers data item to another window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Move Stack This dialog box pops up when you click on Move and To other Data Window in the Data Item Popup Menu for a stack item See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Select a Data Window and click OK to move the stack data item to another window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Move Threads This dialog box pops up when you click on Move and To other Data Window in the Data Item Popup Menu for a threads data item See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Select a Data window and click OK to move the threads data item to another window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 9 71 NightView User s Guide Data Window Pointer Array Dimension This dialog box pops up when you
18. Debug Identification Area This area shows the name of the executable program that the currently displayed process is running There is also a label showing the qualifier specifier for this process See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 For threaded programs on Linux the process ID in the qualifier indicates which of the thread processes last stopped See Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 Debug Source Lock Button The Debug Window contains a source lock button The source lock button looks like a little padlock You can lock the source display by clicking on the source lock button The padlock changes from being unlocked to locked and the button is highlighted with the selection color This indicates that the source display is locked Click on the button again to unlock A locked source display does not change which file is displayed unless you explicitly change it These actions explicitly change the source display e Issuing a list command in the command area of the window e Using the Source menu e Issuing an up down or frame command in the command area of the win dow These events can cause an unlocked source display to change The currently displayed process stops The source file for the currently displayed process changes because of an action in another window Debug Source File Name This area shows the name of the source file displayed in the debug source display See Debug Source Displ
19. Monitor Status and Control Area on page 9 57 Graphical User Interface Monitor Tools Menu Mnemonic T The Tools menu may be used to invoke other NightStar tools The Tools menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug Tools Menu on page 9 32 for a description of the individual Tools menu items Monitor Help Menu Mnemonic H This menu provides ways of getting context sensitive help help on the current window help on the last error NightView encountered as well as several other categories of help NightView help information is displayed in a Help Window See Help Window on page 9 76 The Help menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window The Help menu is described in another section See Help Menu on page 9 3 A general discussion of NightView s online help is also available See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Monitor Display Area In the GUI the Monitor Window uses a scrolling area to display monitored values so there is essentially no limit to the number of items you can have in the active display To remain compatible with the simple full screen interface it uses the same item layout algorithm and assumes a column width for the window to determine how many items to put on one line See Monitor Window Simple Full Screen on page 8 2 The default
20. NightView error messages always have this format severity text error message id The severity can be one of Caution Usually just an informational message It is not serious Warning A little more serious but Night View tries to finish the current command as you requested Error A serious error This level of error terminates the current command It also terminates a command stream See Command Streams on page 3 31 Concepts Abort So serious that NightView cannot continue running This does not usually indicate that you have done something wrong either there is a system problem or there is a bug in NightView The text is a brief explanation of the problem The error message id is a section name you can use with the help command to find out more about the error and possibly how to fix it An error message id begins with E NOTE Some libraries used by NightView such as the X Window Sys tem issue their own error messages in certain circumstances These error messages do not follow the format described above You can recognize these messages because they do not have the error message id appended to the message Command Streams A command stream is a set of commands that the debugger executes sequentially There are three kinds of command streams Interactive command streams These are commands entered directly by the user e A file of commands being read by the source command is also a com man
21. Stack Mnemonic S A stack data item is placed in the Data Window See Data Window Add Stack on page 9 68 9 31 NightView User s Guide Threads Mnemonic T A threads data item is placed in the Data Window See Data Window Add Threads on page 9 68 Debug Tools Menu Mnemonic T The Tools menu may be used to invoke other NightStar tools The Tools menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window The tools are invoked on the same display as NightView NightBench Builder Mnemonic B Opens the NightBench Builder window NightBench is a set of graphical user interface GUI tools for developing software with the Concurrent C C and MAXAda compiler toolsets The NightBench Builder is the mechanism used for compilation and linking of units and partitions It can be used in conjunction with the NightBench Development window or stand alone on existing environments NOTE NightBench is currently not available on RedHawk systems See the NightBench User 5 Guide 0890514 for more information NightBench Development Mnemonic L Opens the NightBench Development window NightBench is a set of graphical user interface GUI tools for developing software with the Concurrent C C and MAXAda compiler toolsets The NightBench Development window contains the resources necessary to establish and maintain a NightBench environment Environments organ
22. Tutorial NightView shows the process ID PID of the new process and its parent process the path where your executable exists and another local dialogue prompt Your PIDs and the path where your executable exists will probably differ from those in this tutorial For informa tion about processes see Programs and Processes on page 3 2 Note that by appending an ampersand amp to the run command you could have started your program in the background of the dialogue shell This is generally a good idea because it gives you the flexibility to debug multiple programs in one NightView session however in this tutorial you will be supplying the program with input so the program needs to be running in the foreground Note also that although this tutorial does not ask you to do so you can use the run com mand to rerun a program Debugging All Child Processes By default NightView debugs child processes only when they have called exec 2 In the msg program the child process never calls exec To be able to debug this child pro cess you must use the set children command before msg forks the child process Also you have to issue the set children command after the run command so the set children command can be applied to existing processes Exercise Read about the set children command Issue the set children command so that the child process in msg can be debugged Solution You should enter one of local set children all
23. and also the language for the expression NightView uses the location where the process was last stopped to determine the context of the expres sion see Context on page 3 26 You can use the special forms Night View provides to change this context if you want to access variables local to a procedure for instance See Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 However note that the forms that refer to specific stack frames are not allowed while the process is running because the state of the stack is inde terminate e Examine modify and disassemble executable code e Create manipulate and destroy inserted eventpoints agentpoints break points monitorpoints patchpoints and tracepoints See Eventpoints on page 3 8 These types of eventpoints may be enabled and disabled have conditions added or removed and have ignore counts modified You may modify the commands attached to breakpoints monitorpoints and watch points You may also get information about any type of eventpoint See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 Enabling or disabling watchpoints requires the process to be stopped Any of the other operations may be performed on watchpoints while the process is executing However since by default watchpoints are enabled when created and disabled when destroyed you cannot ordinarily create or destroy a watchpoint while the process is executing See Watchpoints on page 3 11 There are two rule
24. condition delete disable enable ignore AA A A A AA A A A AA A A A AAA A A AA AAA A A o tbreak AAA A A AAA tpatch A Command Line Interface Eventpoint Modifiers An eventpoint modifier modifies the setting of eventpoints in a program The modifiers come after the eventpoint commands as follows command modifier The eventpoint modifiers are delete Causes the eventpoint to be deleted after the first hit This eventpoint modifier is valid only with the breakpoint enable and watchpoint commands see breakpoint on page 7 84 enable on page 7 97 and watchpoint on page 7 100 disabled Causes the eventpoint to be created in a disabled state You must use the enable command to activate the eventpoint see enable on page 7 97 name Give a name to a group of eventpoints name add name eventpoint spec add Add the eventpoints to the named set rather than redefining the set name The name of the set of eventpoints to be defined This must not be the same as the name of any dialogue you currently have or of any process family that is currently defined The name must consist only of alphanumeric characters and underscores and must begin with an alphabetic character The name may be of arbitrary length eventpoint spec An eventpoint specifier See Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 The total set of eventp
25. local list local 1 NightView redisplays the ten lines you were viewing Note that if you are displaying a line with a breakpoint on it that line now has a B for breakpoint source line decoration Continuing Execution To make use of the breakpoints you set you must allow the msg program to execute up to the statement with the breakpoint 4 10 Tutorial Exercise Read about the continue command Use it to continue program execution up to the statement with the breakpoint Solution You should enter one of local continue local c NightView displays the statement with the breakpoint Note that the source line decora tion is now a B The B still indicates a breakpoint and the indicates that execution is stopped there Not Entering Functions Execution is stopped at the line that prompts for the number of signals to send You don t want to enter the code for the output statement or function because it is part of the library not part of your program Exercise Read about the next command Use it to skip over the output statement or function Solution You should enter one of local next local n The msg program writes the prompt How many signals should the parent send the child NightView displays the next line The source line decoration shows that execu tion is stopped there Entering Input You must respond to the msg program prompt How many signals should the parent se
26. local set c a Handling Signals By default signals stop execution under the debugger In the msg program the parent process sends signal SIGUSR1 to the child process It then sleeps as a crude way of syn chronizing the sending and receiving of signals Having execution stop because of this signal is not desirable in this case Exercise Read about the handle command Use it to adjust the default handling of the SIGUSR1 signal so that the process does not stop 4 7 NightView User s Guide Solution You should enter one of local handle SIGUSR1 nostop local ha usri nos NightView responds with Signal handling complete local Note you had to issue the handle command after the run command so the handle command could be applied to existing processes Listing the Source You probably want to look at the source files before debugging them Exercise Read about the list command Notice all the syntax variations for this command and use one of them to examine the source file where main is defined Solution You should enter one of local list main c 1 for the C program local 1 main c 1 for the C program local list main f 1 for the Fortran program local 1 main f 1 for the Fortran program local list main a 1 for the Ada program local 1 main a 1 for the Ada program local list main local 1 main local list local 1 NightView responds by displaying ten numbered source li
27. on page 3 14 single process mode stack stack frame stale data indicator symbol file thread thread processes trace trace event ID Glossary In the graphical user interface the Debug Window can operate in single process mode This means that you can issue commands that apply only to the currently displayed pro cess in the Debug Window See also Debug Window See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 An area of memory used to hold local variables and return information for each active rou tine The stack consists of a sequence of stack frames Calling a routine pushes a new frame onto the stack returning from the routine removes that frame from the stack See Stack on page 3 26 A stack frame is a contiguous set of locations in the process stack that corresponds to the execution of an active routine The stack frame holds the local automatic variables of the routine and it also holds information needed to return to the calling routine See Stack on page 3 26 A stale data indicator is a character or icon displayed with a monitored value to indicate the validity and reliability of that value See monitorpoint An executable file containing symbolic debug information Normally the symbol file is the same as the program s executable file but it may be different if for example you are debugging a stripped program See symbol file on page 7 36 Each instance of execution of a program con
28. Ada expressions 3 22 Ada packages 3 35 Ada task 3 35 7 108 7 116 7 135 9 63 Glossary 1 Glossary 11 Ada unit 7 12 7 62 7 111 7 135 7 137 Add mode 9 10 Address printing 7 137 Addresses limits 7 130 printing 7 49 addr expression 7 74 7 77 Agentpoint 3 8 3 11 3 19 3 21 7 35 7 67 7 82 7 92 Glossary 1 Glossary 5 changing 9 46 clearing 7 93 condition on 3 16 7 95 7 122 7 127 9 47 deleting 7 95 9 49 9 51 disabling 7 96 9 47 9 51 displaying 7 121 7 126 enabling 7 97 9 47 9 51 hitting 7 127 9 47 ignoring 3 16 7 98 7 122 7 127 9 47 Glossary 7 named 3 16 7 83 7 92 9 48 saving 3 16 setting 7 80 7 92 9 46 state 7 127 9 47 temporary 9 47 agentpoint 3 11 3 19 3 21 7 92 7 126 Agentpoint crossing count Glossary 3 Agentpoint Dialog Box 9 27 9 45 Index 2 Aggregate item 7 71 7 130 Alt key 9 11 Anchored match 7 16 7 65 7 130 7 133 7 136 7 137 7 138 7 139 7 145 9 20 9 24 9 44 Glossary 1 Application 3 2 Glossary 1 Application resources D 1 D 5 Glossary 1 apply on dialogue 7 28 7 29 apply on program 7 41 Argument actual 7 141 command 7 1 macro 7 141 7 143 printing 7 132 7 136 Array 7 71 7 130 9 62 printing 7 49 9 63 Array slices 3 23 3 24 Assignment 3 22 7 86 attach 3 3 3 37 6 1 7 35 7 45 Attach button 9 20 Attach Dialog Box 3 3 9 20 attach option 6 1 Attaching 3 3 3 37 3 38 6 1 7 35 9 17 9 20 9 37 Glossary 1 Attaching commands to a dialogue 7 27 Attachin
29. Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 nor can it be used in the graphical or full screen user interfaces Macros are not expanded when reading the input or arguments to this command This command does not care if it is talking to the dialogue shell or to a program running in the shell If you start a program that requests input you can pass the input to it using this command See Repeating Commands on page 7 18 Example afamily pwd afamily PATH extra progs PATH ulimit m 200 ulimit d 100 ulimit s 100 Command Line Interface afamily The first line just sends a pwd command to the dialogue The second switches to dialogue input mode and then several lines of input are sent directly to the dialogue to set up environment variables and limits on the amount of memory subsequent processes will be allowed to use The final switches back to normal command input mode Note that if you just want to send a program name to the shell and wait for that program to start you may want to use the run command instead See run on page 7 33 set show Control where dialogue output goes set show silent notify mode continuous mode log filename buf fer number silent Just buffer the dialogue output do not display it The show command may be used to see what has accumulated see show on page 7 32 notify mode Do not display the dialogue output but do print a notice when outpu
30. Dialogue Input and Output Because each dialogue is a separate shell each dialogue has its own input and output streams NightView has several options for sending input to dialogues and managing the output data generated by the dialogue shell and the programs being run within it Pass input to a dialogue input line input line If input line is specified it is passed to the dialogue or dialogues determined by the command qualifier If input line is not specified then this command switches to a special dialogue input mode If the qualifier for this command specifies more than one dialogue then the same input data is sent to all the dialogues This can make sense if you are doing something like debugging two versions of the same program and you want to see where they diverge It is up to you to insure that the input is sensible to all the dialogues or that the command qualifier only refers to one dialogue When you use the command without an input line argument to switch to dialogue input mode everything you type goes to the specified dialogues Nothing you type is treated as a debugger command until a special terminator string is recognized The default terminator string is note that this is not the same as the used by rlogin 1 or cu 1 See set terminator on page 7 51 for information on how to change the terminator string The command without an input line argument cannot be used inside a macro see
31. Mnemonic E This menu provides ways to set and change eventpoints and see a summary of eventpoints See Eventpoints on page 3 8 Before selecting one of the menu items position the text insertion cursor on the line of interest in the debug source display See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 NightView uses this line to determine the location specifier for you See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 Once you select a menu item NightView displays the eventpoint dialog box for the selected item Set Breakpoint Mnemonic B Accelerator Ctrl B Selecting this menu item pops up a breakpoint dialog box that allows you to set a new breakpoint at a given location and apply eventpoint attributes to 1t See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 See breakpoint on page 7 84 For information on using the breakpoint dialog box see Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes on page 9 45 Like the Breakpoint button this menu item allows you to set a breakpoint But using the breakpoint dialog box provides you with more control and flexibility Using the Breakpoint button you can only set a simple breakpoint See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 Set Monitorpoint Mnemonic M Accelerator Ctrl M Selecting this menu item pops up a monitorpoint dialog box that allows you to set a new monitorpoint at a given location and apply eventpoint attributes to it See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 See
32. Monitor the values of one or more expressions at a given location See monitor point on page 7 90 for more information mreserve Reserve a region of memory in a process See mreserve on page 7 46 for more information name Give a name to a group of eventpoints See name on page 7 83 for more informa tion next n Execute one line stepping over procedures See next on page 7 106 for more information nexti ni Execute one instruction stepping over procedures See nexti on page 7 108 for more information nodebug Specify names for programs you do not wish to debug See nodebug on page 7 24 for more information notify Ask about pending event notifications See notify on page 7 34 for more informa tion on dialogue Specify debugger commands to be executed when a dialogue is created See on dialogue on page 7 27 for more information on program Specify debugger commands to be executed when a program is execed See on program on page 7 39 for more information Summary of Commands on restart Specify debugger commands to be executed when a program is restarted See on restart on page 7 41 for more information output Print the value of a language expression with minimal output See output on page 7 75 for more information patchpoint Install a small patch to a routine See patchpoint on page 7 85 for more informa tion print
33. Only the variable name should be high lighted Click on the Print button For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area 2 tracefile 0x30003100 msg file For the Fortran and Ada programs NightView displays in the debug message area 2 tracefile msg file Tutorial GUI Returning to a Stack Frame GUI You want to return to parent _ routine Exercise Read about the Down debug command button Use the Down button to make the current stack frame of the parent process be parent routine Solution If the parent is not the current process you should switch to it In the debug command button area you should click on the Down button For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area Output for process local 15625 0 0x10002944 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 11 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area Output for process local 15625 0 0x10003a48 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 16 For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area Output for process local 15625 0 0x10010578 in parent routine child pid IN pid t 13504 total sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 6 NightView changes the debug source file name to parent c parent f or par ent a and the debug source display shows the source code The source line decoration i
34. Parent sleeping for 2 seconds 2 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 1 3 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Process local 13504 received SIGUSR1 Child got ordinal signal 2 4 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Process local 13504 received SIGUSR1 Child got ordinal signal 3 5 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Process local 13504 received SIGUSR1 Child got ordinal signal 4 Process local 13504 received SIGUSR1 Child got ordinal signal 5 local 15625 at Breakpoint 8 0x10002950 in parent_routine 4 26 Tutorial pid_t child_pid 13504 int total_sig 10 at parent c line 16 16 B printf Sd Parent sleeping for d seconds n sig ct isec 1 sig ct 6 parent Note the order of the displayed lines may vary For the Fortran and Ada programs Night View prints the argument or arguments to parent routine differently Because of the ignore command on breakpoint 8 the parent process sent only five out of ten signals to the child process before the breakpoint was hit The source code is written so that the lines that begin with a number come from the parent process and the lines that begin with the word Child come from the child process The lines that mention signal SIGUSR appear because the handle command is implicitly set to print and explicitly set to nostop Two lines show where execution stopped these lines will differ depend ing on your programming language Another line shows the v
35. The default set is made by inspecting the local system mount table and by considering the set of cross development environments on the local system In many cases these translations are sufficient additional translations are not necessary Examples Suppose the object files that exist on the remote system under the directory wilma pebbles exist on the local system under the directory pebbles relative to your current working directory fred xl wilma pebbles pebbles This command translates any object filename beginning with the string wilma pebbles to the same filename with wilma pebbles replaced by pebbles For example wilma pebbles hair becomes pebbles hair Note 7 25 NightView User s Guide logout 7 26 that pebbles hair will be evaluated relative to NightView s current working directory See pwd on page 7 60 Suppose the object files that exist on the remote system under betty exist on the local system under barney However the files under betty whose name begins with bam should be found under dino fred xl betty barney fred xl betty bam dino bam These commands translate any object filename beginning with the string betty to the same filename with betty replaced by barney and any object filename beginning with the string betty bam to the same filename with betty bam replaced by dino bam NightView picks betty bam in preference to betty because betty bam is longer For exam
36. This dialog box pops up when you click on Call Stack Frames in the Options menu of the Data Window See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 Use the spin box to enter the number of frames you would like to see for items in this Data Window See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 The initial value for the number of frames is controlled by the X resource dwCallStackDefaultFrames See NightView Resources on page D 5 Click on the check button if you want to change the number of frames displayed for all the existing items in this Data Window Otherwise only future data items use the new num ber of frames Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Copy Expression This dialog box pops up when you click on Copy in the Data Item Popup Menu See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Click on OK to add a copy of the expression to the Data Window The controls are the same as in the Data Window Add Expression dialog box See Data Window Add Expression on page 9 67 Data Window Default Label Columns This dialog box pops up when you click on Label Columns in the Options menu of the Data Window See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 Use the spin box to enter the column width for labels in this Data Window See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 The initial value for the width is controlled by the X resource dwLabelDefaultColumns See NightView Resources on page D 5 Click on the check button if you wa
37. To change the currently displayed process select a list item then press the Switch To button Or you can double click on a list item to both select the item and switch to it The program code for the currently selected process is represented in the source display area and the identification area status area and source file name area contain information about the currently selected process See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 See Debug Identification Area on page 9 35 See Debug Source File Name on page 9 35 The highlighted item in the group area list normally represents the currently displayed Graphical User Interface process in the source display area This is true unless you select a different list item process and fail to switch to it You can cycle through the stopped processes in the group area list by using the button panel labeled Switch To Stopped Process located to the right of the list If you click on Auto NightView determines which process in the list is currently stopped and has been stopped the longest highlights it in the list and automatically switches the currently displayed process in the source display area to this process This is similar to the auto qualifier specifier See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 The up arrow and down arrow buttons cause NightView to automatically select and switch to the next stopped process that is located up in the list or down in the list relat
38. debugger so that the debugger can capture the program I O Watchpoints are implemented by setting the hardware dabr on PowerPC and the DRn registers on Intel IA 32 Other eventpoints are implemented by replacing the instruction at the target address by a branch to a patch area The patch area contains instructions to implement the particular eventpoint emulate the replaced instruction and return to the target address Space for a patch area is acquired by using mmap or by creating a shared memory region in the process s address space The debugger usually creates one data patch area one text patch area and one or two eventpoint patch areas The user can adjust the sizes of the patch areas See set patch area size on page 7 53 Each region is only created in the process if necessary On PowerPC eventpoint patch areas must be within 2 25 bytes of the eventpoint target address Due to the small amount of memory covered a complex method is used to NightView User s Guide E 2 determine where the eventpoint patch areas are placed in order to cover as much of the code space as possible without overlapping the user code The statically linked portion of the program usually begins at 0x10000000 so an eventpoint patch area is placed at 0x12000000 eventpoint patch area size if possible If that address space is already occupied NightView attempts to place the region somewhere within the range 0x 10000000 0x12000000 On Power
39. disable 7 96 display 7 77 down 7 116 echo 7 75 enable 7 97 exec file 7 38 family 7 43 finish 7 108 forward search 7 65 frame 7 114 handle 7 111 help 7 117 ignore 7 98 info address 7 137 info agentpoint 7 126 info args 7 136 info breakpoint 7 122 info convenience 7 129 info declaration 7 139 info dialogue 7 132 info directories 7 129 info display 7 129 info eventpoint 7 121 info exception 7 135 info family 7 133 info files 7 139 info frame 7 128 info functions 7 137 info history 7 130 info limits 7 130 info line 7 139 info locals 7 136 info log 7 121 info macros 7 145 info memory 7 132 info monitorpoint 7 125 info name 7 133 info on dialogue 7 134 info on program 7 134 info on restart 7 134 info patchpoint 7 124 info process 7 131 info registers 7 130 info representation 7 138 info signal 7 131 info sources 7 137 info tracepoint 7 123 info types 7 138 info variables 7 136 info watchpoint 7 127 info whatis 7 138 interest 7 54 jump 7 109 kill 7 36 list 7 61 load 7 80 login 7 21 logout 7 26 mcontrol 7 91 monitorpoint 7 90 mreserve 7 46 name 7 83 next 7 106 nexti 7 108 nodebug 7 24 notify 7 34 on dialogue 7 27 on program 7 39 on restart 7 41 output 7 75 Index patchpoint 7 85 print 7 70 7 79 pwd 7 60 quit 7 20 redisplay 7 78 refresh 7 118 resume 7 104 reverse search 7 65 run 7 33 select context 7 116 set 7 71 set auto frame 7 57 set children 7 44 set disassemb
40. get control again You cannot use this form of the she11 command inside a macro See Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 The programs run by this command run on the local system only the same one you are running NightView on and inherit the current working directory of the debugger see cd on page 7 60 If you start background processes via shell they will continue to run normally even if you quit out of the debugger The shell used is determined by looking for the SHELL environment variable and if that is not found by using your login shell In the simple full screen interface NightView does not have control over the terminal while you are executing a shell command so after the command has completed you are asked to press return This gives you a chance to view the command output before NightView redraws the screen See Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 1 Input commands from a source file source command file command file The file to read This command reads the designated file and treats each line in the file as though it were a command you typed in After reading all the commands in the file the debugger returns to reading commands from the keyboard again If source commands are nested ending one file returns to reading from the previous file If NightView encounters any serious error it stops reading from a source file See 7 119 NightView User s Guide delay Command Str
41. monitorpoint on page 7 90 For information on using the monitorpoint dialog box see Debug Eventpoint Dia log Boxes on page 9 45 Set Patchpoint Mnemonic P Accelerator Ctrl P 9 26 Graphical User Interface Selecting this menu item pops up a patchpoint dialog box that allows you to set a new patchpoint at a given location and apply eventpoint attributes to it See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 See patchpoint on page 7 85 For information on using the patchpoint dialog box see Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes on page 9 45 Set Tracepoint Mnemonic T Accelerator Ctrl T Selecting this menu item pops up a tracepoint dialog box that allows you to set a new tracepoint at a given location and apply eventpoint attributes to it See Manip ulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 See tracepoint on page 7 88 For information on using the tracepoint dialog box see Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes on page 9 45 Set Agentpoint Mnemonic A Selecting this menu item pops up an agentpoint dialog box that allows you to set a new agentpoint at a given location and apply eventpoint attributes to it See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 See agentpoint on page 7 92 For information on using the agentpoint dialog box see Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes on page 9 45 Set Watchpoint Mnemonic W Accelerator Ctrl W Selecting this menu item pops up a watchpoint
42. name number verbose The verbose keyword is accepted for compatibility with other watchpoints but is ignored The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint number This command describes watchpoints in the processes indicated by the qualifier Nor mally all watchpoints are described but if an argument is given only those named are described Any eventpoints specified in the argument list which are not watchpoints are ignored Watchpoints are created with the watchpoint command See watchpoint on page 7 100 The information printed includes e The watchpoint ID e Current state of the watchpoint enabled disabled temporary 7 127 NightView User s Guide info frame 7 128 The address being watched The number of times the process accessed the address being watched since the program started execution This count is incremented even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied This number is displayed as crossings for consistency with other eventpoint types The number of times the watchpoint has been Ait since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to the watchpoint The current ignore count e Any commands attached to the watchpoint Describe a stack frame info frame v expression at location spec v If this option is suppli
43. o fact fact c You can start NightView with or without a program name If you start it with a program name NightView offers you the chance to debug the program in a dialogue shell see Dialogues on page 3 4 If you start NightView without a program name or you want to debug another program you must execute the program with the run command see run on page 7 33 in a dialogue shell Below is an example of starting up the debugger with a program name Note that throughout the quick start the version and the link time might not match exactly for your version of NightView Also some of the shell output and other messages may not come out exactly as shown Some messages might not appear or additional messages might appear depending on your environment Getting Help A Quick Start nview nogui fact NightView debugger Version 5 1 linked Thu Jan 13 10 24 51 EST 2000 Copyright C 2000 Concurrent Computer Corporation In case of confusion type help Note that you invoked NightView with a program name argument fact NightView responded with information about the debugger Now NightView will prompt you for information about running the program Do you want to debug program fact y Type in the arguments you want to supply to program fact Arguments 7 New process local 2347 parent pid 2340 Process local 2347 is executing users bob fact Reading symbols from users bob fact done Executable file set t
44. off then the routine name appears once at the beginning of the disassembly and lt offset gt is appended to each address References to addresses outside the routine being disassembled include the name in either mode The default is off which makes the disassembly listing more compact This command sets the disassembly modes for the debug session Any qualifier is TEL ignored See x on page 7 72 See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 If no arguments are specified set disassembly prints the current disassembly infor mation NightView User s Guide Debugger Environment Control cd pwd 7 60 Set the debugger s default working directory cd dirname dirname The name of the directory The cd command changes the working directory of NightView to the specified directory You usually use this command to control the search for source files core files and program files It affects the behavior of the following commands e shell see shell on page 7 119 e list see list on page 7 61 e directory see directory on page 7 63 e symbol file see symbol file on page 7 36 e core file see core file on page 7 37 e exec file see exec file on page 7 38 The cd command does not affect commands executed in dialogue shells see login on page 7 21 Also the qualifier does not have any effect on this command You can use the pwd command to find out what NightView s current w
45. rest of the help text Exercise Read about the menu bar in the Dialogue Window Solution In the Dialogue Window you should click on the Help menu and select On Context NightView changes your pointer to a modified question mark Click on the menu bar of the Dialogue Window 5 5 NightView User s Guide NightView restores your pointer The Help Window displays information about the Dia logue Window menu bar When this tutorial asks you to read about buttons use this same procedure For now you are finished using help Exercise Close the Help Window Solution In the Help Window you should click on the File menu and select Exit The Help Win dow is running a separate program so only that program will exit NightView will still be running The Help window goes away This tutorial discusses the Help menu again in Debugging All Child Processes GUI on page 5 8 For more information about help see GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Starting Your Program GUI 5 6 Most NightView features operate on existing processes in a running program Because you did not specify a program when you started the debugger there haven t been any pro cesses to debug You must start msg now to debug it and to use most of the rest of the NightView features in this tutorial Exercise Start the msg program and have it wait for debugging Solution In the dialogue I O area you should enter msg and p
46. selection policies browse and single The browse selection policy allows you to select at most one item One item is always selected although the list may initially display with no selected item You can click on an item to select it or you can hold down mouse button 1 and drag the pointer through the list of items scrolling the list As you browse through the list with the mouse pointer the selected item changes The single selection policy allows you to click on an item to select it Click on a selected item to deselect it At most one item is selected There may be no item selected 9 9 NightView User s Guide In some cases a list allows multiple list items to be selected For these lists there are two possible selection policies multiple and extended The multiple selection policy allows you to click on one or more items to select items Clicking on a selected item deselects it You can select all items by using Ctrl You can deselect all items by using Ctrl The extended selection policy allows you to select multiple discontiguous ranges of items Use mouse button to drag the pointer and select a range of items Once you have selected one or more items press the Ctrl key while using the mouse pointer to add more items to the set of currently selected items You can click on any item to deselect all other items in the selection set that item will be selected To deselect items use Ctrl while clicking on a selected i
47. tracepoint agentpoint and watchpoint An ignore count causes NightView to skip an eventpoint the next count times that execu tion reaches the eventpoint You use the ignore command to attach an ignore count to an eventpoint See ignore on page 7 98 An initialization file is a file containing NightView commands that are executed before NightView reads commands from standard input NightView has a default initialization file and you can specify others on the NightView invocation line See Initialization Files on page 3 34 A subprogram that is expanded directly into the calling program See Inline Subpro grams on page 3 27 The level that determines if any inline subprograms are interesting You may set an inter est level for individual inline subprograms to override this level See Inline Subpro grams on page 3 27 You can change or query this level with the interest command See interest on page 7 54 An eventpoint that is associated with a location in your program Inserted eventpoints are implemented by inserting code into your process See Eventpoints on page 3 8 Each subprogram has an associated interest level NightView compares the interest level to the interest level threshold to determine if the subprogram is interesting NightView generally avoids showing you uninteresting subprograms See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 You can change or query the interest level with the inter
48. value for this column width is 80 but you can set the monitorWindowColumns resource to any other appropriate value a common alternative might be 132 See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Dynamically resizing the window to be wider does not cause NightView to put more items on one line Monitor Status and Control Area This area contains the legend for the stale data indicators the current status of window updates and the Hold Release button If stale data indicators are shown in the display area then a legend shows a brief description of those indicators The stale data indicators in the graphical display take the form of icons A blank icon indicates updated values a triangular warning symbol indicates not executed values and a triangular warning symbol containing an exclamation point indicates executed but not sampled values For more information about stale data NightView User s Guide indicators see Monitor Window on page 3 29 A label indicates whether window updates are held or running and shows the current delay time in milliseconds between updates Use the Hold Release button to hold or release window updates The button is labeled Hold when updates are running and Release when updates are held You can also hold and release updates with the mcontrol command or its aliases hold and release See mcontrol on page 7 91 Monitor Window Dialog Boxes This section describes dialog boxes that may appear
49. 3 5 4 nogui 1 2 4 4 6 1 simplescreen 8 1 nview options 6 1 Nview color file D 1 D 8 Nview mono file D 1 D 8 O Object activation 5 2 5 23 5 26 5 30 9 1 Object deselection 9 9 9 10 Object file 3 1 7 80 initial scan 9 7 Object filename translations 7 24 7 36 7 38 7 80 7 133 Object selection 5 2 5 5 5 8 5 15 5 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 30 5 31 5 34 9 1 OK button 2 3 2 7 5 16 5 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 35 9 9 9 15 9 16 9 20 9 43 9 44 9 45 9 49 9 58 9 67 9 68 9 69 9 70 9 71 9 72 9 73 Index on dialogue with local dialogue 7 28 7 29 on dialogue 7 26 7 27 7 29 7 134 on program 3 17 7 17 7 38 7 39 7 41 7 42 7 134 on restart 3 16 3 17 7 40 7 41 7 134 oneWindowPerProcess resource 9 13 Online documentation 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 4 5 5 4 7 117 9 2 Glossary 6 Glossary 8 Online help system Glossary 8 Optimization 3 34 7 105 7 106 Option attach 6 1 g 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 3 help 4 3 5 4 nogui 1 2 4 4 6 1 nolocal 6 1 simplescreen 8 1 x 6 3 xrm 6 3 Options nview 6 1 Options menu 9 59 Data 9 59 Output 3 5 buffered 3 32 dialogue 3 5 7 32 logging 3 33 memory 7 74 7 77 messages 9 6 9 75 program 9 18 session 7 47 shell 9 18 suppressed 8 1 text 7 75 output 7 75 Output addresses limits 7 49 Output array 7 49 Output string limits 7 49 Output variable 1 5 2 6 4 16 4 20 4 26 5 15 5 20 5 27 7 70 outputBa
50. 42 9 75 Glossary 2 full screen 1 5 1 1 3 29 6 2 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 118 7 119 7 141 8 1 8 2 9 1 Glossary 6 graphical 1 5 2 1 3 29 3 32 6 1 6 3 7 1 7 36 7 112 7 118 9 1 9 55 A 2 D 1 Glossary 6 User created Debug Window Glossary 12 User level interrupt 3 36 3 38 V Value history 3 33 4 16 5 15 7 4 7 49 7 71 7 75 7 130 Glossary 12 Variable assignment 3 22 convenience 3 33 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 53 7 71 7 129 Glossary 3 declaration 3 22 global 3 20 7 115 local 3 20 3 26 3 27 7 5 7 76 9 31 9 62 predefined convenience 3 27 7 5 7 6 7 122 7 123 7 124 7 125 7 126 7 127 7 130 7 140 printing 7 136 7 139 register 3 20 7 5 static 3 20 7 5 vector set 7 80 verify safety level 6 2 7 19 7 20 7 26 7 36 7 43 7 52 7 96 7 97 Version NightView 1 2 4 4 6 2 9 4 H 1 vi editor 7 58 8 2 9 25 View menu 9 14 9 15 9 28 Debug 9 14 9 15 9 28 Virtual address space 7 132 Virtual keys 9 10 Virtual memory 7 132 VISUAL environment variable 8 2 Ww Warning Dialog Box 5 23 5 34 9 5 9 15 9 17 9 23 Warnings 3 30 Watchpoint changing 9 46 commands on 3 16 condition on 3 12 3 16 7 122 7 128 9 47 deleting 7 95 9 49 9 51 disabling 9 47 9 51 displaying 7 121 7 127 enabling 3 12 7 97 9 47 9 51 hitting 7 128 9 47 ignoring 3 16 7 98 7 122 7 128 9 47 Glossary 7 named 3 16 7 101 saving 3 16 setting 7 100 9 46 state 7 127 9 47 temporary 9 47 watchpoint 7 100 Watchpoint Dia
51. 7 141 restart begin hook 3 17 7 40 restart end hook 3 17 string 7 143 Macro body 3 32 7 141 7 145 Macro expansion 7 27 7 40 Manual online 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 4 5 5 4 7 117 9 2 Glossary 6 Glossary 8 Manual section 4 5 5 4 7 117 MAXUP configuration parameter A 2 mcontrol 3 29 7 91 8 2 Memory 7 114 global 7 22 local 7 22 output 7 74 7 77 shared 3 19 7 53 A 1 E 1 Glossary 3 static 7 137 X server A 2 D 7 memory 9 54 Memory address expression 7 77 Memory layout 7 132 Memory mapped I O 3 38 Menu Data Display 9 60 Data File 9 59 Data Help 9 61 Data NightView 9 59 Data Options 9 59 Data Tools 9 60 Debug Display 9 31 Debug Eventpoint 5 22 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 30 5 31 9 26 9 45 9 49 Debug Help 9 34 Debug NightView 2 7 5 34 9 21 9 43 Debug Process 9 23 Debug Source 5 15 9 23 9 37 9 39 9 44 D 5 Debug Tools 9 32 Debug View 5 17 5 19 5 31 5 33 9 14 9 15 9 28 Index Dialogue 9 17 Dialogue Dialogue 9 17 Dialogue Help 9 17 Dialogue NightView 2 7 9 17 Dialogue Tools 9 17 Display 9 31 9 60 Eventpoint 9 26 9 45 9 49 File 9 59 Global Help 9 74 Global NightView 9 74 Global Tools 9 74 Help 2 1 2 4 5 4 5 5 5 8 9 2 9 3 9 17 9 34 9 57 9 61 9 74 Monitor Help 9 57 Monitor Monitorpoint 9 56 Monitor NightView 9 56 Monitor Tools 9 57 Monitorpoint 9 56 NightView 9 17 9 21 9 43 9 56 9 59 9 74 Options 9 59 Process 9 23 Source 9 23 9 37 9 39 9 44 Tools 9 17 9 32 9 57 9 60 9
52. 7 93 7 98 Glossary 7 Ignore count Glossary 7 Ignoring agentpoints 3 16 7 98 7 122 7 127 9 47 Glossary 7 Ignoring breakpoints 3 16 4 24 5 25 7 85 7 98 7 103 7 122 7 123 9 47 Glossary 7 Ignoring eventpoints 3 9 3 16 7 98 7 122 9 47 Ignoring monitorpoints 3 16 7 98 7 126 9 47 Glossary 7 Ignoring patchpoints 3 16 7 87 7 93 7 98 7 122 7 125 9 47 Glossary 7 Ignoring tracepoints 3 16 7 89 7 98 7 122 7 124 9 47 Glossary 7 Ignoring watchpoints 3 16 7 98 7 122 7 128 9 47 Glossary 7 iHawk 7 7 inetd A 1 info address 7 137 info agentpoint 7 121 7 126 info args 7 136 info breakpoint 7 121 7 122 info convenience 7 129 info declaration 7 139 info dialogue 7 23 7 24 7 54 7 132 info directories 7 63 7 129 info display 7 78 7 79 7 129 info eventpoint 4 29 7 96 7 121 info exception 7 114 7 135 info family 7 133 info files 7 139 info frame 7 6 7 128 info functions 3 35 7 137 info history 7 130 info limits 7 50 7 130 info line 7 63 7 139 info locals 7 136 info log 7 121 info macros 7 145 info memory 7 54 7 132 info monitorpoint 7 121 7 125 info name 7 133 info on dialogue 7 28 7 134 info on program 7 40 7 134 info on restart 3 16 7 42 7 55 7 134 info patchpoint 7 121 7 124 info process 7 131 info registers 7 10 info registers 3 27 7 10 7 129 7 130 info representation 7 138 info signal 7 110 7 131 info sources 7 137 info tracepoint 7 121 7 123 info types 7 138 inf
53. 74 View 9 14 9 15 9 28 Menu bar 5 5 9 11 Data 9 59 Debug 9 21 Dialogue 9 16 Global 9 74 Monitor 9 56 Menu item dimmed 9 22 disabled 9 22 Message error 7 128 9 6 9 18 9 34 9 75 exit 5 34 9 18 output 9 6 9 75 process status 9 34 mmap E 1 Mnemonic 9 10 9 11 Glossary 8 A 9 17 9 24 9 27 9 30 9 63 9 65 B 9 26 9 32 9 64 9 66 C 9 3 9 22 9 30 9 60 9 64 9 65 D 9 17 9 22 9 23 9 28 9 31 9 60 9 65 9 66 E 2 4 9 3 9 25 9 26 9 31 9 66 F 9 24 9 59 9 64 9 65 G 9 22 9 29 H 2 1 2 4 9 3 9 4 9 17 9 34 9 57 9 60 9 61 9 65 9 74 I 9 4 9 64 K 9 4 9 23 L 9 17 9 30 9 31 9 32 9 59 9 63 9 65 M 9 4 9 26 9 56 9 66 m 2 4 Index 15 NightView User s Guide menu 9 11 menu item 9 11 N 2 7 9 4 9 17 9 21 9 28 9 33 9 56 9 59 9 74 n 2 1 O 9 29 9 59 9 65 P 9 11 9 22 9 23 9 26 9 33 9 60 Q 9 4 9 22 R 9 22 9 31 9 63 monitorpoint 3 10 3 29 7 90 7 125 Glossary 8 Monitorpoint crossing count Glossary 3 Monitorpoint Dialog Box 9 26 9 45 Monitorpoint menu 9 56 Monitor 9 56 Monitorpoint Update Interval Dialog Box 9 58 monitorWindowColumns resource 9 57 D 5 Monochrome display D 8 S 9 23 9 24 9 28 9 31 9 33 9 56 9 59 9 64 Motif 9 1 9 65 Mouse 9 1 T 9 4 9 17 9 27 9 32 9 34 9 57 9 60 9 63 Mouse button 1 2 1 5 2 5 15 5 20 9 1 9 3 9 9 9 10 9 66 9 74 9 11 9 12 9 38 9 39 9 61 Mouse button 3 9 61 mreserve 7 46 msg program 4 3 4 7 4 1
54. 9 Elaboration 3 35 Elan Licence Manager 6 3 ELF 3 34 7 63 Glossary 5 emacs editor 7 58 8 2 enable 7 82 7 83 7 96 7 97 9 38 9 41 Enabling a breakpoint 7 97 9 47 9 51 Enabling a monitorpoint 7 97 9 47 9 51 Enabling a patchpoint 7 97 9 47 9 51 Enabling a tracepoint 7 97 9 47 9 51 Enabling a watchpoint 3 12 7 97 9 47 9 51 Enabling an agentpoint 7 97 9 47 9 51 Enabling an eventpoint 7 97 9 47 9 51 end define 7 141 End key 9 6 9 11 end on dialogue 7 27 end on program 7 39 end on restart 7 42 Entry point 7 80 Environment variable DISPLAY 6 3 EDITOR 8 2 9 25 D 6 NIGHTVIEW ENV 3 5 3 7 PATH 3 8 POWERWORKS ELMHOST 6 3 SHELL 7 119 TERM 8 1 VISUAL 8 2 Error abort 3 30 caution 3 30 Index 9 NightView User s Guide warning 3 30 Error Dialog Box 9 15 9 16 Error message 7 128 9 6 9 18 9 34 9 75 Errors 1 4 2 4 3 30 3 35 4 5 5 5 9 3 9 15 9 16 Glossary 5 Esc key 9 6 9 11 Evaluation of expressions 3 20 7 71 7 76 Event notification 7 33 7 35 Event driven command streams 3 31 Event map file 7 87 7 88 Glossary 5 Eventpoint 3 8 3 15 3 16 3 17 3 38 7 15 7 80 7 82 7 87 7 96 7 123 7 124 7 126 9 26 9 45 9 49 Glossary 5 changing 9 46 clearing 7 93 9 41 commands on 9 48 condition on 3 9 3 16 3 33 7 95 7 98 7 99 7 122 9 47 deleting 7 95 9 49 9 51 disabling 7 96 9 47 9 51 displaying 4 29 5 31 7 121 enabling 7 97 9 47 9 51 hitting 7 122 9 47 Glossary 7 ign
55. 9 18 Exiting 1 6 2 7 3 16 4 32 5 34 7 20 7 45 Explicit focus policy 9 10 Expression 3 26 7 48 Ada 3 22 conditional 3 23 4 23 5 24 7 85 7 88 7 89 displaying 7 76 7 129 9 31 9 40 evaluation 3 20 3 21 7 71 7 76 floating point 3 21 insertion 7 86 7 99 language 7 77 7 78 7 79 7 86 logging 7 88 9 49 memory address 7 77 patchpoint 7 88 9 48 printing 1 5 4 16 4 20 4 26 5 15 5 20 5 27 7 70 7 77 7 125 7 138 9 40 regular 5 16 7 15 7 27 7 57 7 65 7 130 7 133 7 136 7 137 7 138 7 139 7 145 9 24 9 44 regular examples 7 17 syntax 7 4 Expression Evaluation 3 25 Expression limits 7 130 Expressions monitoring 7 90 Extended selection policy 9 10 9 19 9 43 9 51 External data definitions 7 80 External variable 7 115 printing 7 136 f frame 7 114 fkey 9 38 F1 key 9 2 9 3 9 16 fact program 1 1 2 1 Family 3 2 3 17 4 12 4 14 4 22 7 14 7 21 7 43 7 49 7 83 7 109 7 133 Glossary 5 printing 7 133 family 4 12 4 14 7 37 7 39 7 43 FBS 3 19 3 37 flbswait 3 19 3 37 Feedback 9 7 D 4 feedbackBackground resource D 4 feedbackDoneBackground resource D 4 feedbackDoneForeground resource D 4 feedbackForeground resource D 4 feedbackNotDoneBackground resource D 4 feedbackNotDoneForeground resource D 4 File NightViewrc 3 34 7 26 7 28 7 29 profile 3 7 etc conf sdevice d ipc A 1 commands 7 119 core 3 3 3 4 3 18 6 3 7 37 7 139 9 37 Glossary 3 event map 7 87 7 88 Glossary 5 execu
56. 9 51 Disabling a tracepoint 7 98 9 47 9 51 Disabling a watchpoint 7 98 9 47 9 51 Disabling an agentpoint 7 98 9 47 9 51 Disabling an eventpoint 7 96 7 98 9 47 9 51 Disassembly 7 58 7 73 7 105 7 106 7 107 9 30 9 37 Glossary 4 Disassembly display mode 9 25 9 35 9 37 9 39 Dismiss button 9 5 Display 9 31 color 9 6 D 8 monochrome D 8 display 3 16 4 26 7 6 7 77 7 78 7 79 7 107 7 129 Display Ada exception handling 7 135 Display addresses limits 7 49 7 130 Display agentpoint 7 121 7 126 Display arguments 7 132 7 136 Display array 7 49 Display breakpoint 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 122 Display checkpoint information 7 134 Display convenience variables 7 129 Display declaration 7 139 Display dialogue information 7 132 Display display variables 7 129 DISPLAY environment variable 6 3 Display eventpoint 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 133 Display expression 7 129 7 138 9 31 Display expression limits 7 130 Display family information 7 133 Display file names 7 139 Display function names 7 137 Display global variable 7 136 Display item Glossary 4 Display line number 7 139 Display local variables 7 136 9 31 9 62 Display log file information 7 121 Display macro 7 145 Display menu 9 31 9 60 Data 9 60 Debug 9 31 Display mode disassembly 9 25 9 35 9 37 9 39 source 9 37 Display monitorpoint 7 121 7 125 Display on programcommands 7 134 Display on restart commands 7 134 Display patchpoint 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 124 Display process
57. Ada tasks each thread or task has its own stack See select context on page 7 116 Frames corresponding to uninteresting subprograms are not numbered and they are not shown in a backtrace See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 Current Frame Registers Concepts When a process stops the current frame is initially the stack frame associated with the most recently called routine where Scpc points This frame contains the local variables for that routine and these variables may be referenced in expressions you evaluate Each frame also contains the return address indicating the specific point in the older routine where the Spc will be located when the current frame returns You may wish to examine the variables in one of the routines that called the current rou tine To do that you may use the up command up on page 7 115 or the frame com mand frame on page 7 114 to change the current frame As you move up the stack towards older routines or in the same direction a return will go the new stack frame becomes the current frame Any variables referenced are now evaluated in the context of this new frame and new cpc indicated by the called frame NightView also provides special syntax in expressions as an alternative to using the up or frame commands See Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 Each stack frame also contains locations where registers are saved while in one routine so they can be rest
58. Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Add Local Variables This dialog box pops up when you click on Local Variables in the Display menu of the Data Window or the Debug Window See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 Click on OK to add a local variables data item to the Data Window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Add Registers This dialog box pops up when you click on Registers in the Display menu of the Data Window or the Debug Window See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 Click on OK to add a registers data item to the Data Window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Add Stack This dialog box pops up when you click on Stack in the Display menu of the Data Window or the Debug Window See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 Click on OK to add a stack data item to the Data Window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Data Window Add Threads 9 68 This dialog box pops up when you click on Threads in the Display menu of the Data Window or the Debug Window See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 Click on OK to add a threads data item to the Data Window This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item Dialog Box on page 9 67 Graphical User Interface Data Window Call Stack Frames
59. E E E a hd E RS EEE eed G 6 Child a 2 EE EE AEE EE e EE EENE ERA T G 7 Appendix H Reporting Bugs Glossary Index Tables Table 3 1 Eventpoint Summary s s s nsss aese c neee 3 11 Table 7 1 Special Constructs nonon cette teens 7 5 Table 7 2 Predefined Convenience Variables o0ooooooooooooooo 7 7 19 NightView User s Guide 20 Table 7 3 Table 7 4 Table 7 5 Table 7 6 Table 7 7 Table 7 8 TA 32 Registers it Sees bai eee ee 7 8 PowerPG Registered tala donde de od 7 11 Regular Expressions 00 cee cee eee eee E E ene 7 16 Wildcard Patterns ii iin tigen es Seo See Ain ee 7 18 Source Line Decorations ssu 0000s 7 71 Eventpoint Commands 0 cece 7 87 A Quick Start 1 A Quick Start This chapter is for people who want to start using the command line version of the debugger before reading the whole manual You may also be interested in the graphical user interface GUI version of this chapter in Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI on page 2 1 There is a more thorough tutorial in Chapter 4 Tutorial on page 4 1 If you are familiar with the GNU debugger gdb you should have very few problems with NightView The commands are almost all identical The biggest difference between NightView and other debuggers is how you tell NightView what program to debug and how you start that program If you get any errors the error message tells which section of
60. Expressions on page 7 15 A group of related processes The processes may be running the same program or differ ent programs Application resources are application specific resources defined for an X11 or Motif application They allow you to customize the appearance or behavior of the application Application resources affect the entire application See Application Resources on page D 1 Attaching to a process means that the debugger will have control over it This is how you debug processes that already exist See attach on page 7 35 A breakpoint is a place in your program where execution will stop You can set a break point with the breakpoint command See Breakpoints on page 3 10 Breakpoints Glossary 1 NightView User s Guide breakpoint commands checkpoint child process command history command line interfac command stream may be conditional see conditional breakpoint Breakpoints may have debugger com mands associated with them see breakpoint commands A set of debugger commands to be executed when a breakpoint is hit See breakpoint A checkpoint saves information about the eventpoints signal disposition and other infor mation for a program This information is used when a program is restarted See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 When a process forks a new process is created that looks just like the old process The new process is called a child process and the old proces
61. For the Ada program NightView responds with New process local 13504 parent pid 15625 0 Ox10010bc8 in main at main a line 21 21 lt pid posix 1003 1 fork local 15625 at Breakpoint 3 0x10010bdc in main at main a line 28 28 B parent routine pid total sig local The first few lines are from the child process In your output the parent lines might appear first They show that you are currently calling fork ft fork in the Fortran pro gram The lt source line decoration indicates that this line made a subprogram call which has not yet returned You may also see a gt source line decoration which indicates that control will return to or within this line The subprogram that implements fork is hid den NightView usually does not show you system library routines See Interesting Sub programs on page 3 28 In this example the child process has process ID 13504 and the parent process has process ID 15625 Note that your process IDs will differ Note also that after the fork only the parent process continued execution the child process is still at the fork The source line decoration in the parent process is now a B The B still indicates a break point and the indicates that execution is stopped there Creating Families Again 4 14 In this tutorial you will want to issue some NightView commands that pertain only to the parent process and others that pertain only to the child process Exercise
62. For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area Backtrace for process local 15625 O 0x10002944 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 11 1 0x10002854 in main at main c line 31 Backtrace for process local 13504 O 0x10002884 in child routine int total sig 10 at child c line 14 1 0x10002848 in main at main c line 25 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area Backtrace for process local 15625 O 0x10003a48 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 16 1 0x10003910 in main at main f line 29 Backtrace for process local 13504 O 0x1000393c in child routine at child f line 17 1 0x10003900 in main at main f line 26 For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area Backtrace for process local 15625 0 0x10010578 in parent routine child pid IN pid t 13504 5 18 Tutorial GUI total sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 6 1 0x10010be4 in main at main a line 28 2 0x10022750 in lt anonymous gt Backtrace for process local 13504 O 0x100108fc in child routine total sig IN integer 10 at child a line 26 1 0x10010bd8 in main at main a line 25 2 0x10022750 in lt anonymous gt On lines labeled 0 NightView shows its location within the current routine On lines labeled 1 NightView shows the location of the call to the current routine within
63. ID of the thread process whose context is selected The select context command allows you to examine the context see Examining Your Program on page 3 21 of an Ada task a thread a thread process or an LWP Using select context you can get a backtrace see backtrace on page 7 69 and examine registers and variables in the context of the selected task thread LWP or thread process When a process that contains multiple LwPs tasks threads or thread processes stops the current context becomes that of one specific task thread thread process or LWP For a discussion of how this choice is made see Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 You can use the select context command to temporarily change the context to that of some other task thread thread process or LWP Once a context has been selected all frame up down and backtrace commands apply to that context All expressions and references to registers also refer to that context with one exception When an Ada task is not assigned to an LWP the state of the task is saved in memory but only certain registers are saved If you reference other registers their contents reflect the default context Note that execution control is on a process basis if you resume execution all LWPs are allowed to execute If you enter a finish step next stepi or nexti command the process executes until the selected task thread thread process or LWP completes the stepping operation
64. If verbose was specified then the location will be printed in verbose format Otherwise it will be printed in the format in which it was specified when the monitorpoint was created The number of times program execution has crossed the monitorpoint since the program started execution even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied this count is incremented e The number of times the monitorpoint has been hit since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to monitorpoint The current ignore count The commands attached to the monitorpoint This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined convenience variable to the address of the last monitorpoint listed See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Describe current state of agentpoints info agentpoint verbose name number verbose Specify that the locations of all agentpoints displayed will be in verbose for mat Verbose location format includes the program counter address or addresses of the agentpoint and where possible the corresponding function name file name and line number The number of Pc addresses printed is sub ject to the limit on printing addresses see set limits on page 7 49 The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint
65. Interface Dialogue NightView Menu Dialogue Menu Mnemonic N The NightView menu is used to control NightView windows and perform global NightView actions The NightView menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 for a description of the individual NightView menu items Mnemonic D The Dialogue menu lets you attach to a process or terminate the dialogue Attach Mnemonic A Selecting this item pops up a dialog box you can use to view the processes on the system and attach to one of them See Attach Dialog Box on page 9 20 Logout Mnemonic L Selecting this item terminates the dialogue and closes the Dialogue Window This is similar to using the logout command See logout on page 7 26 Depending on the safety level see set safety on page 7 52 and whether there are any active processes NightView may display a warning dialog box when you use the Logout menu item See Warning Dialog Box on page 9 15 Dialogue Tools Menu Mnemonic T The Tools menu may be used to invoke other NightStar tools The Tools menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug Tools Menu on page 9 32 for a description of the individual Tools menu items Dialogue Help Menu Mnemonic H This menu provides ways of getting conte
66. Night View from interfering with your application s use of certain memory pools See the run 1 command and the memory 7 man pages for more infor mation about NUMA policies NUMA policies are not supported on a Linux target The Default option menu selects the overall memory binding policy This policy applies to all pages unless overridden by one of the other more specific NUMA option menus The Text option menu selects the NUMA policy to apply to text code pages the Private option menu selects the NUMA policy to apply to private data pages and so forth for the Shared and UBlock option menus All of these menus contain the Global Soft Local and Hard Local options The Global option specifies that the designated pages should be 9 54 Graphical User Interface placed in global memory The Soft Local option specifies that the desig nated pages be placed in local memory if space is available otherwise they should be placed in global memory The Hard Local option specifies that the designated pages must be placed in local memory For the Default option menu selecting System Default specifies that the NUMA policy will be inherited by the parent process that starts the remote dialogue processes For the Text Private Shared and UBlock menus choosing Default specifies that whatever policy was selected by the Default option menu applies to that class of memory pages For example if you select Default Soft Local Text Default P
67. NightView User s Guide next 7 106 NOTE If you step to a source line and the instructions corresponding to that line begin with an inline call NightView positions you at the beginning of the inline subprogram rather than on the line with the call Execute one line stepping over procedures next repeat Abbreviation n repeat The repeat argument specifies the number of lines to single step The default is one line next causes the processes specified by the qualifier to continue execution until they have crossed a source line boundary With a repeat count this happens repeat times next steps over called procedures including inline procedures See Inline Subprograms on page 3 27 That is if the current line is a procedure call and you single step with next then the process will execute until that new procedure has returned If you want to follow execution into the procedure use step See step on page 7 105 If a next command causes execution to leave a called procedure then the output includes the equivalent of a frame 0 command to show this See frame on page 7 114 This command completes only when all of the processes specified by the qualifier have completed the single step or stopped for some other reason like receiving a signal See Signals on page 3 14 for a discussion of the interactions between single stepping and signals next is interpreted relative to the current frame See
68. P Print the value of a language expression See print on page 7 70 for more infor mation printf Print the values of language expressions using a format string See printf on page 7 79 for more information pwd Print NightView s current working directory See pwd on page 7 60 for more information quit q Stop everything Exit the debugger See quit on page 7 20 for more information redisplay Enable a display item See redisplay on page 7 78 for more information refresh Refresh the terminal screen See refresh on page 7 118 for more information resume Continue execution See resume on page 7 104 for more information reverse search Search backwards through the current source file for a specified regular expression See reverse search on page 7 65 for more information run Run a program in a dialogue and wait for NightView to start debugging it See run on page 7 33 for more information NightView User s Guide B 10 select context Select the context of an Ada task a thread a Lightweight Process LWP or a thread process See select context on page 7 116 for more information set Evaluate a language expression without printing its value See set on page 7 71 for more information set auto frame Control the positioning of the stack when a process stops See set auto frame on page 7 57 for more information set children Control whether c
69. Read about the commands command Attach a command stream that prints out the value of total_sig only when you hit the breakpoint you set in the previous step Note use the NightView predefined name for the most recently set breakpoint Solution You should enter one of parent commands parent com NightView responds with Type commands for when the breakpoints are hit line End with a line saying just end gt You should enter gt print total_sig gt end or gt p total_sig gt end one per 4 25 NightView User s Guide Automatically Printing Variables You can create a list of one or more variables to be printed each time execution stops Exercise Read about the display command Use a display command to display the value of the sig_ct variable Solution You should enter one of parent display sig _ct parent disp sig_ct Note that this display command runs every time execution stops and the print com mand from Attaching Commands to a Breakpoint on page 4 25 runs only when execu tion stops at a specific breakpoint Watching Inter Process Communication You already resumed the execution of the child process so NightView gave you a prompt and did not wait for the child process Exercise Now continue execution for the parent process Solution You should enter one of parent continue parent c NightView responds with something like the following 1
70. Specifies the monitorpoint location See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame The monitorpoint command sets a monitorpoint in each of the processes specified by the qualifier Each line following the monitorpoint command must be a special form described later of print command each print command specifies an expression to be evaluated and monitored at the location of the monitorpoint To end the list of print commands type end monitor on a line by itself In the command line and simple full screen interfaces the prompt changes to gt while you are entering the attached print commands See Command Syntax on page 7 1 When the monitorpoint is executed the expressions specified in the attached commands will be evaluated and their values saved in a location reserved by NightView The monitored values are displayed periodically in a monitor display area see Monitor Window on page 3 29 For a more detailed description of monitorpoints see Monitorpoints on page 3 10 The syntax of the commands attached to a monitorpoint is print print format letter id string expression This syntax is identical to the print NightView command see print on page 7 70 with the addition of the optional id string argument The string if specified is used to identify the monitored expression in the monitor dis
71. The above example defines a macro that prints a descriptive string and the value of an 7 141 NightView User s Guide 7 142 arbitrary variable using the printf command local define advance p as gt set p p gt next gt print p gt end define The preceding example defines a macro that advances a pointer to the next item in a linked list then prints the item Note that this macro requires the language context to be C or C but the type of the argument pointer can be a pointer to any structure that contains an appropriately typed field named next local define short VERY_LONG NAME INDEX 2 INDEX 1 SOME CONSTANT This example simply defines a shorthand for a long Fortran expression Note that it does not have any arguments the parentheses surround the substituted text to make sure that precedence of operators is preserved when the macro is invoked Command Line Interface Referencing Macros Macros are usually referenced by preceding the macro name with the character and following the macro name with a parenthesized list of arguments if the macro was defined with arguments If you wish you may enclose the macro name inside of and 9 but any argument list must appear outside of the braces The number of arguments you supply must be the same as the number of formal arguments 1 e the arg names specified in the define command otherwise NightView issues an error Arguments are matched with
72. This is a standard for the format and contents of an exe cutable file It also determines the form and content of information about your program available to the debugger An event map file lets you associate or map symbolic trace event tags and numeric trace event IDs This file appears on the ntrace invocation line when performing NightTrace tracing See trace An eventpoint is a generic name given to the various kinds of modifications Night View can insert at a particular location of a process The different kinds of eventpoints are breakpoint monitorpoint tracepoint patchpoint agentpoint and watchpoint See Eventpoints on page 3 8 An eventpoint modifier modifies the meaning of an eventpoint command The only eventpoint modifiers are delete and disabled The modifier delete is valid only for breakpoints and watchpoints and tells NightView to delete the eventpoint after the next time it is hit The modifier disabled tells NightView to create the eventpoint but leave it disabled initially See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 An Ada exception is an error or other exceptional situation that arises during program exe cution Normal program execution is abandoned and special actions are executed Exe cuting these actions is called handling the exception An exception can also be caused by a raise statement When an exception arises control can be transferred to a user written han dler at the end of a block statement
73. a NightView dialogue and for input and output with the dialogue shell See Dialogue Window on page 9 16 A Debug Window is used to debug and manipulate one or more processes See Debug Window on page 9 21 The GUI Monitor Window displays monitorpoints See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 A Data Window provides a convenient way to browse the data in a program See Data Window on page 9 58 The Global Window is used to control the debugger in general See Global Window on page 9 74 The Help Window is used only when you ask for help See Help Window on page 9 76 Typically while debugging a process you have the Debug and Dialogue Windows available but most of the actual debugging is done with the Debug Window You may iconify any windows you don t need at the moment Each of the NightView windows has a unique icon image that relates to the window s function The Debug Window icon displays the identifying NightView image and each of the other windows includes this image as part of its icon If you are displaying the icon images it is possible to display only the icon labels you can quickly see which iconified windows belong to the NightView application The graphical user interface provides several ways of providing help on particular topics e Context sensitive help is available in all major NightView windows See Context Sensitive Help on page 9 3 e Each of the major windows has a Help Men
74. a command If you do not specify a qualifier the command is implicitly qualified by the dialogue associated with this Dialogue Window The dialogue command area is a combo box See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 Process Summary The process summary provides a list of all the processes that exist in the dialogue The list is followed by buttons that provide related process actions Select one or more processes then press one of the buttons The button action that you choose applies to all selected processes The buttons allow you to detach and terminate processes To detach from a process first select one or more processes in the summary window The selected processes are highlighted Then click on Detach The selected processes are detached from the dialogue This is similar to using the detach command See detach on page 7 35 The Kill button may be used to terminate one or more processes This is similar to using the kill command See kill on page 7 36 The default list selection policy is extended which means you can select discontiguous ranges of items This list selection policy is configurable The only other selection policy that is appropriate is multiple See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 You can change the height of this area by moving the sash up or down See Sashes on page 9 12 9 19 NightView User s Guide Dialogue Window Dialog Boxes
75. a full screen interface See Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 In the graphical user interface a Debug Window can operate in group process mode This means that you can issue commands that apply to all the processes in the Debug Window See also Debug Window See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 A graphical user interface In the graphical user interface the Help Window displays NightView s online help infor mation You can choose to look at any part of the NightView User s Guide See also online help system See Help Window on page 9 76 A breakpoint is hit when execution reaches the breakpoint location and the ignore count and conditions if any are satisfied Thus hitting a breakpoint stops the process See Breakpoints on page 3 10 hit an eventpoint ignore count initialization file inline subprogram inline interest level inserted eventpoint interest level Glossary An inserted eventpoint is hit when execution reaches the eventpoint location and the ignore count and conditions if any are satisfied A watchpoint is hit when the specified addresses are referenced and the ignore count and conditions are satisfied Thus hitting an eventpoint causes that eventpoint to perform its specified action e g a breakpoint stops the process a monitorpoint evaluates its expressions and saves their values a trace point logs a trace event and so on See eventpoint breakpoint monitorpoint
76. a macro Not all commands can be repeated in this manner In general commands whose result would not be any different when repeated will not repeat Typing a blank line after a non repeating command has no effect it acts the same as a comment If the description of a command does not say it is repeatable then it isn t A few commands such as list or x alter their behavior slightly when repeated instead of exactly repeating the command they typically repeat the action on a different set of data These differences in behavior are documented in the description of the command In the following examples assume all commands were entered interactively local list func 20 local local In this example lines 16 25 approximately of function func would be listed by the list command Repeating this command lists the next set of 10 lines lines 26 35 Note that List is one of the commands whose behavior changes when it is repeated local define mac ln as gt list func ln gt end define local mac 20 local local This example is equivalent to the previous one It demonstrates that the repeated command may come from a macro Command Line Interface local define mac vn as gt x 20x vn gt echo gt end define local mac xstruct local local This example demonstrates how to write a macro that does not repeat at all Since echo is a non repeating command entering a blank line after the mac xstruc
77. also affects the forward search and reverse search commands See forward search on page 7 65 and reverse search on page 7 65 Repeating the list command by entering a blank line behaves differently depending on the form of list you used last In most cases repeating the command lists the next ten lines following the last line in the last group However if you used the list form last then repetition lists the ten lines preceding the first line in the last group The listed source lines are preceded by source decorations see Source Line directory Command Line Interface Decorations on page 7 67 You can use the info line command to determine the location in your program of the code for a particular source line see info line on page 7 139 Set the directory search path directory dirname dirname The name of a directory to include in the search path If this is not an absolute pathname it is interpreted relative to NightView s current working directory and transformed into an absolute pathname Thus if you later change Night View s working directory the search path will not be affected See cd on page 7 60 and pwd on page 7 60 The directory command sets the directory search path for the program in each process in the qualifier The arguments are used in order as the elements of the directory search path Subsequent directory commands contribute directories to the head of the curre
78. an item in the list If you double click on an item in the list the OK button is activated Choose an action button Click on OK to list that function Ada unit name or source file in the source display area See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 This button is disabled dimmed if the list is empty You can cancel the listing of the selected function or source file by clicking on Cancel You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help Debug File Selection Dialog Box This dialog box pops up when you select List Any File from the Debug Window s Source menu It allows you to list a file of your choice in the Debug Window This is a file selection dialog box See File Selection Dialog Box on page 9 8 Select a file name Select the file you want to list If you double click on a file name in the Files list the OK button is activated Choose an action button If you are satisfied with the file you selected click on OK Clicking on Cancel cancels the action and closes this dialog box You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes NightView provides a dialog box for each type of eventpoint See Eventpoints on page 3 8 These dialog boxes pop up when you use the Debug Window s Eventpoint menu to set or change an eventpoint See Debug Eventpoint Menu on page 9 26 You decide how you want the eventpoint set or changed then select the OK button and NightV
79. appears sur rounded by spaces Only the variable name should be highlighted Click on the Data Display button The Data Window appears with a line for sig_ct The value displayed is meaningless because sig_ct has not yet been initialized by the program Note that the Data Window is updated every time execution stops and the print com mand from Attaching Commands to a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 26 runs only when execution stops at a specific breakpoint Watching Inter Process Communication GUI You already resumed the execution of the child process so NightView did not wait for the child process Exercise Now continue execution for the parent process 5 27 NightView User s Guide Solution In the Debug Window you should click on the Resume button In the dialogue I O area NightView responds with something like the following 1 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds 2 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 1 3 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 2 4 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 3 5 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 4 Child got ordinal signal 5 Because of the ignore count on breakpoint 8 the parent process sent only five out of ten signals to the child process before the breakpoint was hit The source code is written so that the lines that begin with a number come from the parent process and the lines that
80. apply on program The apply on program command allows on program commands to be executed for existing processes See on program on page 7 39 For each process specified by the qualifier the on program commands which would match the executable file name of the process are immediately executed on behalf of the process Example Suppose I want to set a breakpoint at the subroutine named main in all programs both new and old that are debugged in dialogue local Using the on program and apply on program commands this could be accomplished as follows local on program b main local apply on program Specify debugger commands to be executed when a program is restarted on restart pattern on restart pattern command on restart pattern do 7 41 NightView User s Guide checkpoint 7 42 pattern A wildcard pattern to match against the executable file names of newly execed programs See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 command A debugger command to be executed when a new program whose executable file name matches pattern is execed In the third form of the on restart command the debugger commands to be executed must begin on the line following the do keyword The list of debugger commands to execute is terminated when a line containing only the words end on restart is encountered The on restart command is primarily intended to be used internally by the debugger as part of the restart processing See Re
81. area before pressing this button See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 When you press the button the selected expression is added to the default Data Window See Data Window on page 9 58 Breakpoint Clicking on this button is similar to using the breakpoint command with a line number for the location specifier See breakpoint on page 7 84 You must have moved the text cursor in the debug source display area to the source line where you want to set the breakpoint See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 NightView uses this source line as the location specifier for the breakpoint See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 When you press this button a breakpoint is set You see the source line decoration change and a message is displayed in the debug message area See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 You can also set a breakpoint using the breakpoint dialog box which provides you with more control and flexibility than the Breakpoint button See Debug Eventpoint Menu on page 9 26 Graphical User Interface Run to Here Run the process until it reaches the line the source window cursor is on This allows you to use the Run to Here button to quickly skip past chunks of code without sin gle stepping through each line Clicking on this button combines the actions of three commands First it sets a breakpoint at the source window line where the text cursor is located See Debug Source Display on page 9 3
82. as Ctrl O To type Ctrl O hold down the control key and press O In addition to mnemonics and accelerators there are also special keys used for navigation within and among windows and fields These keys include Tab Shift Tab Home End Page Up Page Down and the arrow keys The documentation of these keys is beyond the scope of this chapter For more information about keys see the OSF Motif User s Guide There are many special keys used to edit text input areas See Text Input Areas on NightView User s Guide Sashes Toggle Buttons page 9 5 Some of the windows are divided into panes and have sashes A sash is a little box near the right end of the line that separates the panes A sash may be used to change the sizes of two adjoining panes relative to each other You can do this by dragging the sash with mouse button 1 As you increase the size of one pane the adjoining pane s size is decreased proportionally The size of the window does not change only the sizes of the adjoining panes within the window are affected For more information about Paned Windows see the OSF Motif User s Guide A toggle button is a graphical element that can be toggled on or off There are two types of toggle buttons check buttons and radio buttons More than one check button can be selected in a group of check buttons whereas only one radio button can be selected in a group of radio buttons The graphical item used for a check button t
83. assist in debugging The handle exception command specifies whether to stop execution and notify the user that an exception has occurred See handle on page 7 111 Multithreaded Programs NightView gives you facilities for debugging threads Ada tasks and on PowerMAX OS Lightweight Processes A Lightweight Process LWP is a distinct thread of control managed by the operating system On PowerMAX OS Ada tasks are serviced by LWPs as are threads created by the threads library See Programming with the Threads Library in the PowerMAX OS Programming Guide On Linux threads are implemented with separate processes that share resources including memory In this manual those NightView User s Guide processes are referred to as thread processes When this manual refers to a process that means all the thread processes together See pthread_create 3 On PowerMAX OS when a process containing multiple Ada tasks threads or LWPs stops the operating system will choose one LWP to represent the process This is the execution state that NightView will present to you by default Whatever task or thread was being serviced by that LWP is the task or thread you will be viewing Similarly on Linux NightView shows you the thread process that caused the process to stop To see other tasks threads LWPs or thread processes use the select context command see select context on page 7 116 On PowerMAX OS the select context command a
84. assumes that you have already read that information If there had been earlier errors NightView would display help for the next most recent error now However there are no earlier errors so NightView gives an error message indicating that NightView responds with the command prompt Starting Your Program Most NightView commands operate on existing processes in a running program Because you did not specify a program when you started the debugger there haven t been any pro cesses to debug You must start msg now to debug it and to use most of the rest of the NightView commands in this tutorial Exercise Read about the run command Use it to start the msg program and have the program wait for debugging Solution You should enter one of local run msg local ru msg The preceding is a safety precaution Avoid accidentally debugging the wrong pro gram by always providing some path information NightView responds with msg New process local 15625 parent pid 16428 Process local 15625 is executing users bob nview msg Reading symbols from users bob nview msg done Executable file set to users bob nview msg local If msg was dynamically linked NightView also displays the following messages Program was dynamically linked Dynamic linking completed The file file does not contain symbolic debug information only external symbols will be visible The long message may not appear
85. be removed by using the clear or delete commands see delete on page 7 95 Both commands remove an eventpoint clear removes eventpoints based on where they are in the process delete removes eventpoints specified by name or by eventpoint number NOTE A location specifier may sometimes designate multiple locations see Location Specifiers on page 7 12 Hence it is possible for a single eventpoint to be set at multiple locations If any of the locations at which an eventpoint is set match any of the locations implied by the location specifier for the clear command then that eventpoint will be removed from all of its corresponding locations 7 93 NightView User s Guide commands 7 94 It is unnecessary to clear a breakpoint in order to continue execution after the breakpoint has stopped the program Example local clear sort c 42 This example removes all eventpoints set at line 42 of the file named sort c in each of the processes specified by the default qualifier Attach commands to a breakpoint monitorpoint or watchpoint commands eventpoint spec eventpoint spec The breakpoints monitorpoints or watchpoints to which the given commands are attached See Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 The commands command attaches the given list of commands to the given breakpoints monitorpoints or watchpoints in processes specified by the qualifier Each line following the commands command line should be
86. body of a subprogram package or task unit If a han dler is not present in the frame of context in which the exception arises execution of this sequence of statements is abandoned The exception will be propagated to the innermost enclosing frame of context if possible See handle on page 7 111 See info exception on page 7 135 A group of related processes See family on page 7 43 See keyboard focus Glossary 5 NightView User s Guide fork frame full screen interface Global Window Create a new process The debugger informs you when your process forks See child pro cess See stack frame A full screen interface uses the capabilities of a terminal to control the display of informa tion on the entire screen rather than just writing to the terminal one line at a time Contrast this with a command line interface and a graphical user interface See Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 1 In the graphical user interface the Global Window shows all of NightView s output mes sages and allows you to control the debugger if all other windows are closed See Global Window on page 9 74 graphical user interface group process mode GUI Help Window hit a breakpoint Glossary 6 A graphical user interface may be used on a graphics display This kind of display allows much more flexibility and functionality than a text display Contrast this with a command line interface and
87. box that lets you set the number of stack frames displayed for items in this window See Data Window Call Stack Frames on page 9 69 Pointer Array Dimension Mnemonic P Clicking on this button pops up a dialog box that lets you set the number of elements to show when displaying a pointer as an array See Data Window Pointer Array Dimension on page 9 72 Hide Inactive Menu Buttons Mnemonic H This check button lets you set your preference for menus that are popped up within the Data Window If the button is not checked then all the menus have the same items including items that are not applicable for the particular data item Non applicable menu items are disabled dimmed If the button is checked non applicable menu items are not shown See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 The initial value of this check button comes from the dwMenuHidelInactiveEntries resource See NightView Resources on page D 5 Mnemonic D Use this menu to select a data item to place in a Data Window The Display menu appears in the Data Window and the Debug Window with the same menu items in both windows The Display menu is described in another section See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 Mnemonic T The Tools menu may be used to invoke other NightStar tools The Tools menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug Tools Menu on page
88. by the defaultDisassemblyMode resource The default value of that resource is SourceOnly See NightView Resources on page D 5 A filled radio button appears next to the menu item for whichever source display mode the window is in See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Different Debug Win dows can be in different source display modes When switching between display modes NightView uses the position of the text cursor to determine the line or address to show in the new mode 9 29 NightView User s Guide 9 30 Source Preferred Mnemonic C Accelerator Ctrl C Selecting this menu item puts the source display area in source preferred mode In source preferred mode the debug source display area shows source or any other file when possible If the debugger tries to show a position such as a library rou tine that does not have a corresponding source file then the source display shows disassembly instead See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 See the description of the Source Only menu item for more information Mixed Preferred Mnemonic X Accelerator Ctrl X Selecting this menu item puts the source display area in mixed preferred mode In mixed preferred mode the debug source display shows mixed source and disassem bly when possible If the debugger tries to show a file that does not have any corre sponding instructions then it will show the file with no disassembly See Debug Source Display on page 9
89. byte integer 8 2 byte integer 4 4 byte integer or float For the 4 byte case the component type integer or floating point is determined by the type of the component value NightView warns you if the components are not all of the same type For the integer formats each component is implicitly cast to an unsigned inte ger Examples local vector set my vec 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ly Ly 17 1 41 1 local vector set my vec 16 1 Both of these commands set my_vec to 16 bytes with each byte set to 1 local vector set v0 1 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 Set Sv0 to these floating point values local vector set v0 0 1 2 3 7 81 NightView User s Guide Set vO0 to the results of calling function with various values The type of the 4 compo nents is determined by the return type of f Manipulating Eventpoints This subsection describes the various commands that are used to set and modify eventpoints Some of the commands which operate on breakpoints also operate on patchpoints tracepoints monitorpoints agentpoints and watchpoints as well The following table indicates which types of eventpoints may be affected by which commands Table 7 8 Eventpoint Commands Command Name What the Command Applies to Breakpoints Patchpoints Tracepoints Agentpoints Monitorpoints Watchpoints name A X X X X X clear X X X commands
90. c parent f parent a Sends signals to the child child c child f child a Receives signals from the parent ftint c Provides Fortran interfaces to system services This tutorial takes at least two hours to do Each section must be performed in order Exercises in this tutorial tell you to do things and ask you questions Make the most of this tutorial and the manual follow the steps below 1 Look up the information 4 1 NightView User s Guide 2 Try to figure out the answer on your own 3 Apply the provided solution Warning Type the solutions exactly as they appear or your results may differ from those provided in later steps of the tutorial Do not type anything until you see the words you should enter in the tutorial You do not need to follow cross references in this tutorial unless you are explicitly told to read them This tutorial often displays process IDs Your process IDs will probably differ from those shown Also the tutorial displays hexadecimal addresses The addresses for your pro gram may differ from those shown Additionally the line breaks in your output may differ from those shown because the lengths of displayed data items may vary The code produced when you create your program may vary slightly from the programs used to prepare this tutorial In particular the line shown as the return address from a sub program may be different from what is shown here Some messages might not appear or ad
91. can decide what to do with the process set breakpoints etc and tell it to continue or detach from it and let it run without being debugged At startup NightView provides an initial dialogue named local This initial dialogue shell inherits the current working directory and environment variables in existence at the time you started the debugger You may create additional dialogues at any time see login on page 7 21 Multiple dialogues allow you to debug distributed systems of processes running on different computers Each dialogue has a name Unless you specify otherwise the name of a dialogue is the host name of the system to which it is connected You may use dialogue names in command qualifiers to tell NightView to which system you wish to talk such as when you want to run a command in a particular dialogue You send input to a dialogue shell or to a program you are debugging in the dialogue by using the command see on page 7 30 or the run command see run on page 7 33 The qualifier on the command determines which dialogue receives the input data In the graphical user interface you can send input to a dialogue with the dialogue I O area see Dialogue I O Area on page 9 18 for that dialogue Since each dialogue is a separate shell the programs running in separate dialogues may generate output at any time In the command line interface it would be confusing to have these print at any time Instead al
92. commands print total_sig attached to this breakpoint This breakpoint has been crossed six times and has been hit only once This means that the line has been executed six times but the ignore command has prevented the breakpoint from being hit more than once Patchpoint 9 was set in Patching Your Program on page 4 27 and is still enabled note that NightView displays the expression associated with this patchpoint This patchpoint has not been crossed or hit yet so these statistics are omitted from the display Continuing to Completion There s nothing else to look at so you decide to run msg to completion Exercise Use the continue command to continue execution 4 31 NightView User s Guide Solution You should enter one of parent continue parent c NightView responds with something like this 6 Parent sleeping for 1 seconds 7 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Process local 13504 received Child got ordinal signal 6 Process local 13504 received Child got ordinal signal 7 Process local 13504 received Child got ordinal signal 8 Process local 13504 received Child got ordinal signal 9 Process local 13504 received Child got ordinal signal 10 Process local 15625 is about Process local 13504 is about 1 0x1000285c in main at 1 0x1000285c in main at 34 lt gt exit 0 34 lt gt exit 0 gt Undisplayed items T print sig ct parent Note the order of the d
93. concept of keyboard focus Keyboard input is accepted only in a field when that field has the keyboard focus When a field of a window has the keyboard focus the window is also considered to have the keyboard focus for the purposes of using mnemonics and accelerators See Keys on page 9 11 The field that has the keyboard focus is highlighted How you set the keyboard focus depends on the focus policy If the focus policy is pointer then the keyboard focus is in whatever field the pointer is in If the focus policy is explicit then you must take some action to move the keyboard focus to a field You can do this by clicking on the field or by using certain keys See Keys on page 9 11 Keys Graphical User Interface The default keyboard focus policy for NightView is explicit The resource used to control this is keyboardFocusPolicy Information about how to change this resource can be found in the NightView application defaults file See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 For more information on how to manipulate the keyboard focus see the OSF Motif User s Guide NightView uses certain key combinations as shortcuts for displaying menus and selecting menu items These key combinations are called accelerators and mnemonics Each window has its own set of accelerators and mnemonics that are active only while the keyboard focus is in that window However the keyboard focus does not have to be in any particular field of the
94. counts above must be positive integers less than 256 Most commands that use regular expressions do not require the use of and because they implicitly assume that an anchored match is called for Other commands such as the forward search and reverse search commands assume that only a partial match is called for and does not imply an anchored match The description of each command that uses regular expressions specifies whether or not it implicitly assumes its regular expressions are to be anchored If you do not need the full expressive power of regular expressions you can just use a Command Line Interface normal string Examples r 1 5 This example matches the strings rl r2 r3 r4 and rS This might be a good expression to match register names child pid This example matches only the string child_pid This might be a good expression to match a program variable name Wildcard Patterns Wildcard patterns are used by the commands debug nodebug and on program See debug on page 7 23 nodebug on page 7 24 and on program on page 7 39 Wildcard patterns are similar to regular expressions but are usually more convenient for representing file names See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 If the wildcard pattern starts with a it is assumed to be a pattern that must match a complete absolute path name Otherwise the pattern is matched against the rightmost trailing components o
95. debugging It then uses debug to turn on debugging for any programs started where the basename begins with the letter x Note that even if one command is not debugged its children may be debugged To avoid debugging a command as well as any children you must use the detach command see detach on page 7 35 To print the list of debug and nodebug patterns see info dialogue on page 7 132 translate object file Translate object filenames for a remote dialogue translate object file from to Abbreviation x1 from The filename or filename prefix as seen by the remote system The filename or filename prefix as seen by the local system If both from and to are present a translation is added If only from is present the translation exactly matching from is removed If neither is present all translations are removed 7 24 Command Line Interface NOTE from and to are not wildcard patterns or regular expressions See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 The translate object file command manages translations for object filenames for each dialogue in the qualifier Translations are useful when e An object file is visible from both systems but its position in the file sys tem is different For example usr on system fred may be mounted as fred usr on the local system e An object file is not visible from the local system but you have a copy of the file For exam
96. directly log the input to a dialogue however the input will normally be echoed by the system so it will be logged as output from the dialogue To log the entire debug session see set log on page 7 47 Each dialogue starts off in the default mode all set show buffer 10240 continuous atprompt show Control dialogue output show number all none shell command number The number of old output lines you wish to see again all Specifying all instead of a number means show all the buffered output from the dialogue shell none The none keyword is used to tell the debugger you are not interested in any of the buffered output It pretends you have already seen any data currently in the buffer shell command You may use a vertical bar shell pipe operator to request the output be sent to an arbitrary shell command rather than being displayed You may use this to run the output through a pager or filter of some kind The debugger always internally buffers output generated by dialogues The show com mand displays any buffered output from a dialogue which you have not yet seen The num ber or all arguments tell the debugger to display that many lines of previous output in addition to the new output so the total number of lines displayed may be greater than number The set show command is used to control when dialogue output is printed without a specific request via the show command see set show on page 7 3
97. e A macro referenced within a language expression must expand to text that makes sense as part of that expression e A macro can be used to form part of a syntactic item or token in a Night View command For example you could form a variable name in an expression from the results of two macro invocations However you can not use this technique to construct the name of a macro to be invoked Examples local define short VERY_LONG NAME INDEX 2 INDEX 1 SOME_ CONSTANT local set x i short 10 The above example uses a macro in an expression local define printhex str x printf The value of s is 0x x n str x local printhex ptri ptrl local printhex ptrl gt next ptrl ptrl gt next ptrl info macros Command Line Interface This example invokes the macro printhex twice The second invocation demonstrates how an expression containing a comma can be included as a formal argument The following C fragment defines some data types for use in the next example struct list element struct list element next struct data the data y extern struct list element 2 hd Example NightView commands local define printdata p as gt printf The data is n gt print p gt the_data gt end define local define next p as gt set p fp gt next gt end define Print a description of one or more NightView macros info macros regexp regexp A regular expression matc
98. each formal argument name by position A reference to a macro without any arguments consists solely of the character followed without intervening blanks by the macro name A reference to a macro with one or more arguments consists of the character the macro name and a list of actual arguments The actual arguments begin with a left parenthesis and end with a matching right parenthesis If more than one argument is given a comma must separate them If an actual argument contains a left parenthesis then the argument extends until a matching right parenthesis is encountered irrespective of any other characters including commas in the intervening text Note that an unmatched right parenthesis appearing in an actual argument prematurely ends the list of actual arguments this may cause an error or it may produce unexpected results An actual argument may contain an invocation of another macro that invocation is expanded immediately when the actual argument is read during the processing of the enclosing macro invocation This can lead to some surprising results because NightView expands these actual arguments without regard to the context in which they will ultimately appear For example local define abc xyz local define printit x print The value is s n x local print The value is s n abc local printit abc The print command will print The value is abc because macros are not normally expanded within str
99. editorTalksX 9 25 fontList D 7 foreground D 4 D 8 geometry D 8 initialGlobalWindow D 6 initialPrincipalDebugWindow D 6 keyboardFocusPolicy 9 11 monitorWindowColumns 9 57 oneWindowPerProcess 9 13 selectColor 9 12 selectionPolicy 9 9 showStaleIndicatorToggle set 9 56 D 7 X resources A 2 D 1 D 7 X server memory A 2 D 7 X Window System 3 31 9 1 xl translate object file 7 24 xrm option 6 3 Index 25 NightView User s Guide Index 26 Spine for 1 5 Binder Product Name 0 5 from top of spine Helvetica 36 pt Bold Volume Number if any Helvetica 24 pt Bold Volume Name if any Helvetica 18 pt Bold Manual Title s Helvetica 10 pt Bold centered vertically within space above bar double space between each title Bar 1 x 1 8 beginning 1 4 in from either side Part Number Helvetica 6 pt centered 1 8 up Q lt D z 0890395
100. eee eee eect e net e eens 7 140 Metin iss A te tle a tae el gk E alt ie A ote 7 140 Referencing Macros 3 0 ec0e A oh E ee Cah oP RES a 7 143 info Maros 2 Scena Gee O ans Se eet ae 7 145 Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface Using the Simple Full Screen Interface 0 0 cee ec ee eee 8 1 Editing Commands in the Simple Full Screen Interface 00 8 2 Monitor Window Simple Full Screen 0 000 eee nee 8 2 Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface Night View GUI Concepts a asi ne E a 9 1 GUT Overview ni AAA ATA 9 1 GUTONTme Help ti tl ol 9 2 Context Sensitive HelpD 0ooooooooorrrorrr ees 9 3 15 NightView User s Guide 16 Help Menus 2 8 02 A Se ee a e dee a Oe 9 3 Help Buttons iii dd 9 5 Help Comm O oi 9 5 GUI Components eei A weap icing ee in ods dtc 9 5 Text Input Areas 0 2 ce cece cc eee n eee E a 9 5 Combo Boxes ii sedate hk Ao at oh sold Aa ek awe arta 9 6 Spill BOXES 440 fin hvac sea Ae eee et ee eee en ee 9 6 Messa Areas St A A e e le eek 9 6 File Selection Dialog Box 20 2 eect ett eee 9 8 List Selection Policies 0 0 cece cece eee eens 9 9 Dialogues and Dialog Boxes 2 0 0 cect teens 9 10 Keyboard Focus 1 2 0 0 ccc cect ene ene nee 9 10 A Che eee CU or i Hae Oe ee 9 11 Sashes soit DA 9 12 Toggle Buttons ssc mses vine ene a A eee ai 9 12 GUI Command History 0 0 9 12 Understanding the Debug Window 000 cect
101. enter a bogus command Note that throughout this section the help text and display size may not exactly match your NightView session The debug command area is labeled Command Click in the debug command area see Debug Command Area on page 9 42 and issue the following command foo Press Return to enter the command NightView responded to the bogus command with the following message and error code Error Unrecognizable command foo E command proc003 Now get NightView to tell you more about the error message Click on the Help menu or use the H mnemonic See Help Menu on page 9 3 Click on the On Last Error menu item or use the E mnemonic NightView puts up a Help Window that displays the following extended error information E command_proc003 MESSAGE ERROR Unrecognizable command string EXPLANATION string is not a valid NightView command See Summary of Commands Next dismiss the Help Window by selecting Exit from the File menu See Help Window on page 9 76 Next you will read about the list command Click on the Help menu or use the H mnemonic See Help Menu on page 9 3 Click on the On Commands menu item or use the m mnemonic NightView puts up the following Help Window with a menu of NightView commands Summary of Commands This section gives a summary of all the commands in NightView The table is organized alphabetically by command The abbreviations for the commands
102. entry corresponds to the caller of the frame which precedes it in the listing All active frames are indicated unless a value for number of frames is given in which case the given number of frames is printed Each entry in the backtrace listing includes the frame number the first frame is num bered 0 the program counter the subprogram name if known the arguments of the sub program if known the source file name if known and the line number if known For information on changing the current stack frame see frame on page 7 114 up on page 7 115 or down on page 7 116 Frames corresponding to uninteresting subprograms are not shown in the listing See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 7 69 NightView User s Guide print Print the value of a language expression print print format letter expression Abbreviation p print format letter One of the following letters specifying the format in which to print each com ponent value of the expression a Print the value of the expression in hexadecimal and as an address rela tive to a program symbol a Treat the rightmost least significant eight bits of the value as a charac ter constant and print the constant d Print the bit representation of the value in signed decimal f Print the bit representation of the value as a single precision floating point number and print using floating point syntax If the data type of the language e
103. eventpoint modifier name agentpoint name at location spec clear at location spec commands eventpoint spec condition eventpoint spec conditional expression delete eventpoint spec Abbreviation d disable eventpoint spec enable once delete eventpoint spec ignore eventpoint spec count tbreak name breakpoint name at location spec if conditional expression tpatch name patchpoint name at location spec eval expression tpatch name patchpoint name at location spec goto location spec watchpoint eventpoint modifier once read write name watchpoint name at lvalue if conditional expression Quick Reference Guide watchpoint eventpoint modifier once read write address name watchpoint name at address expression size size expression type expression if conditional expression Controlling Execution continue count Abbreviation e resume sigid step repeat Abbreviation s next repeat Abbreviation n stepi repeat Abbreviation si nexti repeat Abbreviation ni finish stop jump at Jlocation spec signal sigid handle signal sigid keyword handle exception exception name keyword handle exception unit name keyword handle exception all keyword handle unhandled exception keyword NightView User s Guide Selecting Context frame frame number frame expression at location s
104. family name qualifier spec set children all resume exec none set exit stop nostop mreserve start address length bytes end address set log keyword filename set language ada auto c c fortran set qualifier qualifier spec set history count set limits array number string number addresses number set prompt string set terminator string set safety forbid verify unsafe set restart always never verify set local identifier set patch area size data data size eventpoint eventpoint size monitor monitor size text text size interest level at location spec interest inline level interest justlines level interest nodebug level interest threshold level set auto frame args set overload offr Ial off operator on routine on set search sensitive insensitive set editor mode C 3 NightView User s Guide set disassembly flavor att Debugger Environment Control ed dirname pwd Source Files Viewing Source Files list where spec list where specl where spec2 list where spec list where spec list list list list Abbreviation 1 directory dirname Searching forward search regexp Abbreviation fo reverse search regexp C 4 intel symbols off on Quick Reference Guide Examining and Modifying backtrace number of frames Abbreviation bt pri
105. for doing assignments to language objects e g memory addresses preceded by the C language cast syntax variables and array elements and convenience variables as well as for performing calls to subprograms whose return value is unimportant Examples local set i 98 local 27 set vector 5 x 2 5 local set int 0x1234 Oxabcd0123 local set routine 3 4 The first example assigns the value 98 to the convenience variable i The second exam ple assigns the value of x 2 5 to element five of array vector in process 27 The third example assigns the hexadecimal value abcd0123 to the hexadecimal absolute memory location 1234 The final example performs a call to the subprogram routine Print the contents of memory beginning at a given address x repeat count size letter x format letter addr expression repeat count Decimal number of consecutive memory units to print where a unit is defined by the size letter and the x format letter size letter One of the following letters specifying the size of each memory unit b Each memory unit is one byte 8 bits long h Each memory unit is one halfword two bytes long wW Each memory unit is one word four bytes long g Each memory unit is one giant word eight bytes long Command Line Interface Each memory unit is a triple word 12 bytes long Triple words cannot be printed as decimal d or u Triple words can be printed as float f only if the hos
106. given address See x on page 7 72 for more information B 13 NightView User s Guide B 14 Quick Reference Guide E Quick Reference Guide Invoking NightView nview attach pid editor program help ktalk nogui noktalk nolocal nx prompt string safety safe mode simplescreen version Xoption x command file xeditor program name corefile name Controlling the Debugger Quitting NightView quit Abbreviation q Managing Dialogues login conditional popup name dialogue name user login name others machine debug pattern nodebug pattern translate object file from to Abbreviation x1 logout on dialogue regexp on dialogue regexp command C 1 NightView User s Guide on dialogue regexp do apply on dialogue Dialogue Input and Output input line set show silent notify mode continuous mode log filename buffer number show number all none shell command Managing Processes run input line set notify silent continuous mode notify attach pid detach kill symbol file program name core file corefile name exec file program name exec file program name on program pattern on program pattern command on program pattern do apply on program on restart pattern on restart pattern command on restart pattern do checkpoint Setting Modes Quick Reference Guide family
107. history number If the value printed contains an array or a character string the number of array elements and characters will be limited to the values set by the set limits command see set limits on page 7 49 NOTE For ease in debugging C and C programs the print command treats expressions of type char specially Whenever print prints the value of a char pointer it also prints the string it points to inside double quote marks print assumes the string is terminated by a null byte Most other commands that print expressions or variables also treat char pointers in this manner Examples local 12 p x var_name 4 local 12 p array name The first example prints in hexadecimal a number equal to four times the value of var_name for process 12 The second example prints the value of each member of the array array name in a format based on the data type of array name for process 12 Evaluate a language expression without printing its value set expression expression A language expression see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 This command is similar to the print command see print on page 7 70 in that it 7 71 NightView User s Guide 7 72 evaluates a language expression for each process specified in the qualifier However set does not accept a format specifier print the value of the expression or place the value of the expression in the value history It is useful
108. information 7 131 Display registers 9 62 Display search path 7 129 Display source file 4 8 4 10 7 61 Display source file names 7 137 Display stack frame all 4 18 5 18 7 69 7 76 9 31 one 7 128 Display string limits 7 49 Display thread information 9 32 Display tracepoint 7 121 7 123 Display type 7 139 Display type information 7 138 Display value history 7 130 Display variable 1 5 2 6 3 16 4 16 4 20 4 26 5 15 5 20 5 27 7 70 7 139 Display variable address 7 137 Display watchpoint 7 121 7 127 displayCommandButtonsToggleButton set resource 9 28 D 5 displayGroupToggleButton set resource 9 13 9 28 D 5 distinctBackground resource D 4 distinctForeground resource D 4 Documentation online 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 4 5 5 4 7 117 9 2 Glossary 6 Glossary 8 Double clicking 5 15 5 20 9 8 9 45 9 72 down 4 20 7 115 7 116 7 117 9 38 9 41 Down button 5 21 Down button 9 41 DWARF 3 34 7 47 Glossary 5 dwCallStackDefaultFrames resource 9 69 D 5 Index dwLabelDefaultColumns resource 9 69 D 6 dwMenuHidelnactiveEntries resource D 6 dwPointerAsArrayDefaultSize resource 9 72 D 6 dwScrollRegionDefaultLines resource 9 70 D 6 Dynamic linker 3 39 Dynamically loaded library 3 4 3 20 3 39 3 40 7 25 7 132 e key 9 39 echo 7 19 7 75 7 144 Editor emacs 7 58 8 2 gmacs 7 58 8 2 vi 7 58 8 2 9 25 EDITOR environment variable 8 2 9 25 D 6 editor resource 9 25 D 5 editorTalksX resource 9 25 D 5 editres D
109. it to give the name parent to all processes that currently exist in your program There is only one process so far Solution You should enter one of local family parent all local fa parent all Note that to name only the parent process you had to issue this command before Night View executes the fork in the msg program Note also that at this point the a11 argu ment represents only one process the parent process Later you will see it represent mul tiple processes You will use the parent family name later in the tutorial Continuing Execution Again Before you can examine aspects of parent_routine and child routine you must get NightView to stop at the calls to these routines Exercise Continue executing the program so it stops at the next statement with a breakpoint Solution You should enter one of local continue local e For the C program NightView responds with New process local 13504 parent pid 15625 0 0x10002838 in main at main c line 20 20 lt pid fork local 15625 at Breakpoint 3 0x1000284c in main at main c line 31 31 B parent routine pid total sig local For the Fortran program NightView responds with New process local 13504 parent pid 15625 0 Ox100038e4 in main at main f line 22 NightView User s Guide 22 lt pid ftfork local 15625 at Breakpoint 3 0x10003904 in main at main f line 29 29 B call parent routine pid local
110. messages include NightView version information copyright information help information and the command prompt local Your version number and date may differ You will use online help later in this tutorial A dialogue contains a shell where you run shell commands and debug running programs Each dialogue has a name the default dialogue is local The default qualifier is also local The default command prompt is the qualifier in parentheses For information about dialogues see Dialogues on page 3 4 For information about qualifiers see Qualifiers on page 3 4 For information about prompts see Command Syntax on page 7 1 In the command line interface NightView sometimes displays the command prompt before it completes its output display You think NightView may have some undisplayed output Exercise To see the undisplayed output wait a moment press Space then press Return NightView responds with usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug local NightView runs the ReadyToDebug program and your executable in the dialogue shell You might see only one echo of usr 1lib NightView release ReadyToDebug depending on how quickly the dialogue shell starts release is the NightView release level For information about ReadyToDebug see ReadyToDebug on page 3 8 Note that in this tutorial the dialogue shell prompt is Yours may differ Tutorial Getting General a
111. more than one process you can do this by changing to group process mode This means that any commands that you issue apply to each of the processes listed in the group area This includes commands that are typed into the debug command area or commands issued using graphical methods When the Debug Window is in group mode all of the command buttons are enabled and any messages generated by any of the processes in the group are displayed in the debug message area Graphical User Interface You can determine when the Debug Window is in group process mode by looking at the debug qualifier area See Debug Qualifier Area on page 9 41 When the window is in group process mode you do not see the Qualifier label and instead of a specific qualifier you see the phrase Group Mode To see the value of the qualifier use the View menu item Show Qualifier See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 The View menu contains radio buttons that also indicate which of the two modes is currently set and allows you to change your view of the window between single and group process mode See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 There are keyboard accelerators associated with these menu items which allow you to switch between modes without displaying the menu See Keys on page 9 11 Confirm Exit Dialog Box If you try to close a window and NightView determines that this is the last visible window on your scree
112. name is Also sometimes NightView may guess wrong NightView prints a message with the name of the program when the program starts up If this name is wrong then you will need to tell NightView the name of the program by using the exec file command See exec file on page 7 38 Most shells already do this correctly so you will rarely need to worry about it The problem sometimes occurs in programs that run other programs Controlling Your Program Eventpoints 3 8 NightView provides many ways to control the execution of a program you are debugging An eventpoint is a generic term which includes breakpoints patchpoints monitorpoints agentpoints tracepoints and watchpoints All of these are different ways to debug or modify the behavior of your program and all of them are assigned unique numbers by the debugger when you create them These numbers are unique across all processes For example if you use a command qualifier to set a breakpoint in many processes at once each breakpoint in each process is assigned a unique eventpoint number Agentpoints breakpoints monitorpoints patchpoints and tracepoints are inserted eventpoints They are implemented by inserting code into your process A watchpoint is not an inserted eventpoint This difference is mostly transparent to the user but it does Concepts cause some minor differences in behavior Those differences are noted where appropriate NightView allows you to set cond
113. normally used to refer to registers is optional for this command Some registers are defined by the architecture to be composed of various fields info registers expands those fields symbolically If a field is a single bit NightView prints an abbreviation for that field only if the value of the field is 1 See the architecture manual for descriptions of the fields and a list of the abbreviations for each register Print information about signals info signal signal signal A signal number or signal name This command describes how signals will be handled by the process receiving them If the command qualifier specifies multiple processes then the signal information is listed separately for each process The information printed includes The signal name The signal number e The way the debugger will handle this signal see handle on page 7 111 If no signals are specified then information for all signals is printed Describe processes being debugged info process This command lists information about all the processes specified in the command qualifier qualify with a11 to list all of them The information includes e The process ID PID 7 131 NightView User s Guide info memory info dialogue 7 132 The controlling dialogue for the process The arguments passed to the program on startup argv array The current process state running stopped e When the process state is sto
114. on Cancel to dismiss the dialog box without attaching to any processes Click on Help to get help for this dialog box Debug Window The Debug Window provides the primary means of debugging and manipulating one or more processes By default the window is in single process mode which means you can debug and manipulate the currently displayed process or switch to any other process represented in this Debug Window See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 If you want to debug and manipulate all the processes represented in this window at the same time you can change to group process mode See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 You can create Debug Windows and define the group of processes that appear in them See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 The behavior of a Debug Window differs slightly depending on whether it is the Principal Debug Window created automatically by NightView or a Debug Window created by you See Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 Debug Menu Bar From the debug menu bar you can perform global NightView actions perform actions on one or more processes choose source to display or edit manipulate eventpoints change the way you view the window select items to display invoke other NightStar tools and obtain online help Debug NightView Menu Mnemonic N The NightView menu is used to control NightView windows a
115. on page 7 139 This variable holds the contents of the last item printed by the x command If you were dumping words it holds the last word If you were dumping bytes it holds the last byte etc Spc Scpc Ssp Sfp Swas Intel IA 32 Registers Command Line Interface This variable provides access to the program counter This is a machine register but every machine has a Spc so this name is common to all machines When a program is stopped Spc is the location where it stopped On any given machine Spc may not map directly onto a specific machine register RISC machines often have multi ple program counters but it always represents the address at which the program stopped See Program Counter on page 3 25 Scpc is similar to pc In frame 0 if there are no hidden frames below frame 0 because of uninteresting subprograms cpc has the same value as Spc See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 In other frames including frame 0 if there are hidden frames below it Scpc is the address of the instruction that is currently executing In most cases this is the call instruction that caused the frame immedi ately below the current frame to be created For the frame immediately above a sig nal handler stack frame cpc is the address of the instruction that was executing when the signal occurred Most machines have a stack pointer The stack pointer is always called sp Most machines either have a frame pointe
116. on page 6 1 NightView runs NightView p for each dialogue If the dialogue is on the local machine then NightView communicates with NightView p via a shared memory region There is one such shared memory region per invocation of NightView See Dia logues on page 3 4 For remote dialogues NightView establishes a socket connection with NightView p NightView p is responsible for controlling the user processes by some combination of the proc file system on PowerMAX OS proc and the ptrace system service on Linux and the debug agent See Debugger Mechanisms on page 3 18 If the debug agent is used it communicates with NightView p via a shared memory region There is one of these shared memory regions for each process using a debug agent See Debug Agent on page 3 19 Monitorpoints communicate with NightView p via a shared memory region created in your process There is one shared memory region for each dialogue using monitorpoints See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 The shared memory region is placed in your process somewhere in the range 0xa0000000 to 0xb0000000 if there is space available in that range Otherwise it is placed anywhere NightView can find space Each dialogue runs a shell and controls it using proc and ptrace This is not to get control of the shell but so that the debugger is notified of the shell s children which are the processes to be debugged The shell runs at a pseudo terminal controlled by the
117. or record If the value is an array the sub items are the elements of the array A limited number of elements is shown If the value is a pointer the sub item is the result of indirecting through the pointer If the value is an array or is being treated as an array the scroll bar for the sub items always indicates that there are more items on either end because NightView lets you ref erence elements beyond the ends of the array Local Variables Data Item Registers Data Item Stack Data Item 9 62 A local variables data item has sub items for all the local variables visible in the current scope including subprogram arguments For C member functions this is also included in the local variables This data item is updated whenever the process stops or you change the current context e g by clicking on Up or Down in the Debug Window See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 A registers data item has sub items for all of the registers This data item is updated whenever the process stops or you change the current context e g by clicking on Up or Down in the Debug Window See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 A stack data item has sub items for each frame on the stack Expanding a frame shows the local variables in that frame For the current frame gt is displayed as part of the frame label See Current Frame on page 3 27 Threads Data Item Graphical User Interface A threads data item ha
118. or parenthesis is the character which should be suffixed with the For example function 5 12 3 This picks the 5th instance of the name function from a list of overloaded functions object 12 3 5 This on the other hand picks the Sth version of an overloaded operator function call operator applied to the object variable The following example shows a use of the overloaded operator in Ada The is first used to do a query then the desired operator is selected with 1 when the expression is evaluated again local print a b Warning local 5865 Cannot evaluate argument expression Reason follows E print cmd007 Unresolved overloaded functions or operators 1 native language operator 2 interval timer a 294 FUNCTION 1 IN time r IN time RETURN time 3 interval timer a 328 FUNCTION 1 IN time r IN integer RETURN time 4 interval timer a 375 FUNCTION 1 IN time r IN time RETURN long float 5 interval timer a 391 FUNCTION 1 IN time r IN time RETURN float 6 interval timer a 407 FUNCTION 1 IN time r IN time RETURN duration local print at l b Sl a 1 b 11 The following example shows that the set overload command may be used to turn on automatic overloading in which case you will see the same error message without needing the syntax local set overload operator on Overloa
119. preceded by a in which case it is subtracted from the set accumulated so far If no qualifier spec is included then this command removes any previous definition of the family name If your safety level is set to forbid you are not allowed to remove the definition of a family name that is present in the default qualifier If your safety level is set to verify NightView requests verification before removing such a definition See set safety on page 7 52 If one or more qualifier spec arguments are supplied they are immediately evaluated see Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 and the family name is defined as the list of processes indicated by those arguments Evaluation of the arguments has the following implications e Any family name appearing in the argument list must be defined Subse quent changes made to the definition of that family name will have no 7 43 NightView User s Guide set children effect on the processes implied by the family name being defined in the family command e The processes denoted by any dialogue name appearing in the argument list are just those that exist at the time the family command is executed The argument all denotes only those processes that exist at the time the family command is executed The argument auto denotes the process that has been stopped the longest at the time the family command is executed Any qualifier applied to this command has no effect No
120. rate at which the window updates take place and you can stop updates completely then start them again later You can also turn the Monitor Window off to remove it from your screen then restore it later Note that interrupting the debugger implicitly causes the Monitor Window to stop updating See Interrupting the Debugger on page 3 32 The Monitor Window is not available in the command line interface of the debugger You must use either the simple full screen interface see Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 1 or the graphical user interface see Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 in order to take advantage of monitorpoints The monitored items are displayed in the Monitor Window using built in information about the precision of the data type to decide how many columns to use for the value You have some control over this by using the format codes on the print command You also have some control over the layout of the items in the window New items are added across a line from left to right until there is not enough space remaining on the line to add the current item Then a new line is started If you remove some items by using mcontrol nodisplay or by removing the monitorpoints the remaining items are shifted left and up to pack the display If you then add the items back they are added 3 29 NightView User s Guide Errors 3 30 at the end of the display not in their original positions
121. regexp this command lists each eventpoint that is a member of that eventpoint name see name on page 7 83 If regexp is omitted then the contents of all eventpoint names are printed The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Each eventpoint is identified by a dialogue name a process id PID and an eventpoint id that is unique for that process 7 133 NightView User s Guide info on dialogue info on program info on restart 7 134 Printon dialogue commands info on dialogue name name The name of a prospective dialogue If no arguments are given then all existing on dialogue commands are printed If a dialogue name is given then only the on dialogue commands that would be executed if a dialogue named name were to be created are printed See on dialogue on page 7 27 Print on program commands info on program program program The path name of a prospective executable file If no arguments are given then info on program prints all existing on program commands for each dialogue specified by the qualifier If a program path is given then info on program prints the on program commands that would be executed if program were run in each dialogue specified by the qualifier See on program on page 7 39 Printon restart commands info on restart output outname append outname program output outname Write the information to outn
122. run command again See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 If you want multiple programs to run concurrently end the shell commands with amp ampersand You can t do this if your program expects input from you Control how you are notified of events set notify silent continuous mode silent Only report events when explicitly requested NightView User s Guide notify 7 34 cont inuous mode Display events when they happen The continuous mode accepts one of the following keyword arguments immediate In immediate mode the notification is displayed as soon as the event happens atprompt In the atprompt mode the notification is displayed only when the debugger is not requesting input This is typically immediately prior to printing a new prompt to request additional commands but it also prints notifications when the debugger is waiting for some event and has not yet prompted for new input This command controls how the debugger tells you what is happening to the processes you are debugging Individual processes may be set to notify you in different ways using the command qualifier Events that might cause notification include hitting a breakpoint or watchpoint getting a signal but see handle on page 7 111 or exec ing a new program New processes to be debugged also cause notification but this notification is controlled by the notification setting of the parent of the new process Processes created direc
123. save with this file For example Stopped in blarg just before error occurs The comments are saved at the beginning of the snapshot fol lowed by a timestamp Select append or overwrite Use the radio buttons to indicate whether the snapshot should overwrite the file or append to it if it already exists Choose an action button Click on OK to save the snapshot and close the window Clicking on Cancel cancels the action and closes this dialog box Click on Filter to update the files displayed based on the current filter string You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help Graphical User Interface Data Window Scroll Lines This dialog box pops up when you click on Format and Resize Scroll Area in the Data Item Popup Menu See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Use the spin box to enter the desired number of lines in the scrolling area for this data item See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Subscript Array This dialog box pops up when you click on Show Subscript in the Data Item Popup Menu See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Use the spin box to enter the subscript of the array element you want to see See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 Click on OK to show the array element Data Window Subscript Enum Array This dialog box pops up when you click on Show Subscript in the Data Item Popup Menu and the array is indexed by an Ada enumeratio
124. sections describe the details of how restarting works Most users will not need to know these details The normal automatic mechanism handles most situations Restart Mechanism At certain times in the execution of a program NightView takes a checkpoint on that program A checkpoint saves information about the eventpoints signal disposition etc 3 15 NightView User s Guide This information is called the restart information Each checkpoint replaces the previous restart information The restart information is stored as a sequence of commands associated with your program name via anon restart command See on restart on page 7 41 The commands restore the eventpoints and other information in the new program Each time you execute a program NightView checks to see if an on restart command matches your program If one matches NightView executes the sequence of commands associated with your program NightView takes a checkpoint on a process when e It is about to exit terminate with a signal or be killed by NightView e Itis about to exec a new program e You enter a checkpoint command See checkpoint on page 7 42 It is not possible to turn off checkpoints However you can control whether restart information is applied See set restart on page 7 52 Note that if you have a program that has not yet taken a checkpoint and you start a new instance of that program then no restart information is applied to the n
125. see print on page 7 70 on a value history list There is only one list for all the processes and all printed values go on this list regardless of the process You can review this history see info history on page 7 130 or use previous history values in new expressions see Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 NightView User s Guide Command History NightView keeps a record of the commands you enter during a debugging session There are mechanisms in the simple full screen interface and in the graphical user interface to retrieve any of these commands edit them and re enter them if desired See Editing Commands in the Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 2 See GUI Command His tory on page 9 12 NightView does not add a command to the command history if it is the same as the previ ous command Empty lines are never added Commands are added only from interactive command streams See Command Streams on page 3 31 Initialization Files Optimization When the debugger starts up it looks for a file named NightViewrc in the current working directory If it can not find one there it looks for home NightViewrc The file if found is then automatically executed as though it appeared as an argument to the source command see source on page 7 119 You can specify other initialization files and you may disable the automatic execution of the default initialization files using options on
126. service is called nostop The process will not stop before exiting The set exit command controls whether the processes specified by the qualifier will stop before exiting The default state for a process is to stop before exiting See Exited and Terminated Processes on page 3 17 If no arguments are specified to the command the command prints the current state for each process in the qualifier If an argument is specified the command changes the state of each process in the qualifier accordingly and then prints the new state Note that the set exit mode is inherited by a child process if a process forks Note also that the mode persists for the entire life of the process even across an exec system call until modified by another set exit command In the case of an exec an on program or on restart command might specify a set exit command that changes the mode See on program on page 7 39 and on restart on page 7 41 See also Restarting a Program on page 3 15 If you also want a process to automatically resume execution after an exec put a resume command in an on program specification See resume on page 7 104 and NightView User s Guide mreserve 7 46 on program on page 7 39 Reserve a region of memory in a process mreserve start address length bytes end address start address Specify the start address of the region length bytes Specify the length of the region in bytes end address S
127. shows the qualifier local 13504 The Dialogue Window lists entries for processes 15625 and 13504 Catching up the Child Process GUI 5 14 Exercise Get the child process to continue execution up to the breakpoint on the call to child routine line 25 in main c line 26 in main f and line 25 inmain a Solution In the Debug Window with the child as the currently displayed process you should click on the Resume debug command button For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area local 13504 at Breakpoint 5 0x10002840 in main at main c line 25 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area local 13504 at Breakpoint 4 0x100038fc in main at main f line 26 For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area local 13504 at Breakpoint 4 0x10010bd0 in main at main a line 25 The debug source file name is main c main f ormain a NightView puts a B source line decoration in the debug source display on line 25 for the C and Ada programs and line 26 for the Fortran program The debug status area and the debug group area show the status Stopped at break point 5 This means that the process hit breakpoint number 5 Breakpoint 5 in the child corresponds to breakpoint 2 in the parent Inherited eventpoints get new identifiers but the order of the eventpoint identifiers is unpredictable so your breakpoint may have a differ ent number Tutorial GUI Ve
128. size Control the size of patch areas created in your process See set patch area size on page 7 53 for more information set prompt Set the string used to prompt for command input See set prompt on page 7 50 for more information set qualifier Specify the default list of processes or dialogues that will be affected by subsequent commands which accept qualifiers See set qualifier on page 7 49 for more infor mation set restart Control whether restart information is applied See set restart on page 7 52 for more information set safety Control debugger response to dangerous commands See set safety on page 7 52 for more information set search Control case sensitivity of regular expressions in NightView See set search on page 7 57 for more information set show Control where dialogue output goes See set show on page 7 31 for more infor mation set terminator Set the string used to recognize end of dialogue input mode See set terminator on page 7 51 for more information set trace Establish tracing parameters See set trace on page 7 87 for more information shell B 11 NightView User s Guide Run an arbitrary shell command See shell on page 7 119 for more information show Control dialogue output See show on page 7 32 for more information signal Continue execution with a signal See signal on page 7 110 for more informati
129. startup information local interest local 6729 Interest level is 4 uninteresting for 0x100024d0 nodebug You query the interest level using the default location specifier of cpc The program begins in the C runtime startup routine which has no debug information so it is uninter esting local breakpoint 26 local 6729 Breakpoint 1 set at fact c 26 local continue local 6729 at Breakpoint 1 0x10002780 in main int argc 2 unsigned char argv 0x2ff7eae4 at fact c line 26 26 B answer factorial x local step 0 0x100026f4 in factorial int x 7 at fact c line 6 6 if x lt 1 local interest 1 local 6729 Interest level set to 1 uninteresting for factorial 0 Ox10002780 in main int argc 2 unsigned char argv 0x2ff7eae4 at fact c line 26S 26 B lt gt answer factorial x You step into the factorial function then decide that it is not interesting You mark factorial uninteresting using the default location specifier Your current frame becomes uninteresting so it is reset to frame 0 Frame 0 is now the frame for main because factorial is not interesting The source decorations for line 26 show that pc and Scpc are within that line See Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 local interest threshold 1 local 6729 threshold interest level set to 1 local frame Output for process local 6729 1 Ox10002780 in main int argc 2 unsigned char argv
130. sure that each of those processes is running the same program otherwise you may get unpredictable results from the debugger when you examine variables or memory core file Command Line Interface Note If you have not specified a symbol file for a process NightView attempts to obtain the information from the executable file see exec file on page 7 38 In some situations an object filename translation is more appropriate than a symbol file command See translate object file on page 7 24 Create a pseudo process for debugging an aborted program s core image file core file corefile name exec file program name corefile name The name of a core file If corefile name is a relative pathname it is interpreted relative to NightView s current working directory exec file program name Specifies the name of the executable program that created the given core file If program name is a relative pathname it is interpreted relative to Night View s current working directory A core file is a copy of a process s memory made when a process is terminated abnormally You can examine these core files using NightView by specifying the core file name in the core file command NightView responds with a process ID PID corresponding to a newly created pseudo process This is not a real executing process a pseudo process is merely a mechanism for dealing with core files in NightView The PID NightView assigns does not correspond to an
131. tah 7 95 A oats SNe oes Toes oo ans lobe ais oo eee BN OS teat ont 7 95 disable naa 8 Si a ORE A ee Re Me ee Ee 7 96 Sl te Ales ENES aN ood oe the ates nig Ee eee as 7 97 LO Ad Rebates E 7 98 MD od aloe hes el e eae SNS 7 98 tpatchines 22 028 oC ote ey Lite Asin eb ieee es RE oe 7 99 Watchpomtits id a eS 7 100 Controlling Execution 20 each A bee eed Cee as 7 102 COMUMUC 5 iar a oS tS oS te a py he Sat occu 7 103 TESUIMNG sane 6 Be ee ee Ce he 7 104 SPA id di Bale dad 7 105 ME A A A A E E e 7 106 O O nde meets 7 107 ME A A A A A ide ea ees 7 108 O A A A ached a ue 7 108 SAO A A E A bees 7 109 JUDE A E E td E ANN 7 109 A A RI a ete SL BS ee Pe 7 110 A A hg lac i Ut 7 111 Selecting Contexto O Geng ea poi eae ds 7 114 FP AIG 23 ek Scnctnics a ardent Saas BREE de face te Nts 7 114 Up iF ae eee EY Oe ee Re BOG Ae Se A SA eae EOE 7 115 GOWAN ESAE NA ASEL OT TA te RA et Oe a Tal be 7 116 Select Context en settee A hae Cees 7 116 Miscellaneous Commands 0 00 cece eect te nent en enes 7 117 lt EE CLE ORL aa ae o nd 7 117 Petes Hd voc alge wh Sdn oat aes wee a 4 gt see les 7 118 Shee io sek os RR 7 119 SOUNCE Sse ses A ge ete Bava ek tees BN 7 119 delay Sees She I A AS A in Pace te a wee 7 120 Info Commiands tai 7 120 Status Information ii ese Peles to A Rha ee an A 7 121 INOW OG eie a e o OS 7 121 InfoseVentpOint it ee MR CORE EY 7 121 info breakpoint 1 0 0 eect teen eens 7 122 Contents Info trace point ci BAe Se
132. te See hn NS ee en CN Pn oS a oe a 7 61 directory tas a Od A el E o el A oe lo dad 7 63 Searching A NN 7 65 forward searchy aaa 7 65 Teverse search o ao bea E Es 7 65 Source Line Decorations 00ooooooooororrrr eee een ees 7 67 Examining and Modifying 0 0c cece cen ene enes 7 69 backtrac S45 te sped a sates BN nr si Anes tence et sae 7 69 PANE eir Ai Re ea ead A Rte ee eth Sige E oo 7 70 SEU sda ater bid tes ad a Bt od Sith O etl ae A DA 7 71 e Suh lng sais les 7 72 OULU At cies AN 7 75 OChOs 6 co ety Ae oh e a no ta o eS 7 75 datasdisplay to 3 0 15 stile Settle oa beech Alig th Getcha he etl ace thane sed Meee 7 76 13 NightView User s Guide 14 display a ey Sit Oh i ae Rite die ee Ee 7 77 Undisplay fics cad et ed e te ltl dd A ee 7 78 LAU A o cie 7 78 DA A a o a NOS 7 79 A REGGE OR ee ER LSS See he 7 80 Vector Sete Wieden nce lala lat enn dou ho ei Selene hoe 7 80 Manipulating Eventpoints 0 00 cette nen ees 7 82 Eventpoint Modifiers 0 0 ccc cette nee eas 7 83 NAME eves A a Bee EEA CPR EEG eae A 7 83 lA th A eat le ade hd ore tn 7 84 patchpomts init A bed Coie E uae 7 85 OOO a A A E sh te oa cen 7 87 trACEPOINt NON O O CAR II a 7 88 MOnitoOrpOint A teehee hase es ee 7 90 A oe tues ere Mien ei pies Se thee pe Re eee 7 91 AGENUPOIME 0a casa Ape wi Ao ae ete a ee AR a ein oS 7 92 Cla cick Ne Roe a Che he hee Rt ee a eee aa 7 93 COMMANS sO Pet A Ae hs et ee sa ee tod 7 94 COMO ao
133. that dialogue do not nec essarily appear in the new Debug Window unless their parent process is already there See Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 The default list selection policy is extended which means you can select discontigu ous ranges of items See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 This list selection policy is configurable See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Debug Window name 9 43 NightView User s Guide By default NightView uses the first selected item in the list for the window s name Or you can type in a name for the new Debug Window Pressing Return activates the OK button This name appears in the window manager s title bar and as the window s icon label This is a text input area See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 Choose an action button When you are satisfied with your choices click on OK The dialog box is dismissed and a new Debug Window is created that contains the items you selected Clicking on Cancel cancels the action and closes this dialog box You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help Debug Source Selection Dialog Box 9 44 This dialog box pops up when you ask to list a function or Ada unit or ask to list a source file from the Debug Window s Source menu See Debug Source Menu on page 9 23 It allows you to change the program code that is listed in the Debug Window by selecting a function Ada unit name or source file name from a lis
134. the NightView command line See Chapter 6 Invoking NightView on page 6 1 For PowerMAX OS the problems of debugging optimized code are described in Compilation Systems Volume 2 Concepts These are the most common problems but there are others e Machine language code may be moved around so that it does not corre spond line for line to the source code in your program e Variables may not have the values you expect The most common reason for this is that the value of the variable is not needed at the current location in your program and the register storing the value of the variable has been reused for another value In general you must be alert to the possibility that the compiler has changed things in your program It may be easier to debug if you temporarily compile your program without optimization provided your bug is still reproducible in that case Compilers generate debugging information at high optimization levels because it is more useful than to have nothing however the debug information is often inadequate to describe an optimized program Future compilers may generate more accurate debug information So be careful and consult the appropriate manual for details Concepts Debugging Ada Programs Packages Ada programs employ several concepts that are different from C C and Fortran programs NightView provides methods to assist in debugging programs that utilize these concepts Ada packages come in two par
135. the call ing routine In the Ada program stack frame 2 is from the library level elaboration routine which has no name Moving in the Stack Frames GUI You may want to move among the stack frames to examine and modify variables run functions etc in other frames For example suppose that you want to examine the value of local variable tracefile in main Exercise Change back to single process mode and make sure the parent process is the currently dis played process Solution From the debug menu bar you should select Single Process Mode from the View menu The debug qualifier area displays the qualifier for the currently selected process NightView displays these messages in the debug message area Changed to single process mode Switched to process local 15625 If the parent process is not the currently displayed process you should switch to it Exercise Read about the Up debug command button Use the Up button to make the current stack frame of the parent process be main Solution In the debug command button area you should click on the Up button NightView changes the debug source file name to main c main f ormain a and the debug source display shows the source code NightView User s Guide For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area Output for process local 15625 1 Ox10002854 in main at main c line 31 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message
136. the manual can help you determine what went wrong At any time you can ask the debugger to display help on an error message by mentioning that section s name as the argument to the help command see help on page 7 117 The rest of this chapter goes through a sample debug session on a small program Feel free to dive right into the debugger If you get into trouble use the help command to get out of it Sample Program This section lists the program used as an example through the remainder of the chapter The program does not have any bugs in it it will be used to show how to run a program set breakpoints look at variables etc You can copy this file from usr lib NightView fact c into your own directory The following program is in the file fact c 1 1 NightView User s Guide Starting Up 1 2 1 include lt stdio h gt 2 3 static int factorial x 4 int x 5 6 if x lt 1 7 return 1 8 else 9 return x factorial x 1 10 11 12 13 void 14 main argc argv 15 int argc 16 char argv 17 18 int i errors 19 for i 1 i lt argc i 20 long xl 21 Int 205 22 int answer 23 char ends NULL 24 xl strtol argv i amp ends 10 25 x int xl 26 answer factorial x 27 printf factorial d d n x answer 28 29 exit 0 30 The remainder of this chapter assumes that you compiled fact c and put the resulting executable in fact cc g
137. the process stops If repeat count is omitted one memory unit will be printed If size letter or x format letter is omitted the defaults are w and d respectively If display is entered on a line by itself the current values of the expressions or contents of memory for each item on the display list are printed To simply see the expressions themselves use the info display command see info display on page 7 129 Examples local 12 display x var_name local 12 display 4d 0x1234 If these commands are entered then each time process 12 stops the value of var_name will be printed in hexadecimal on one line and four words of memory starting at hexadecimal address 1234 will be printed on the next line Disable an item from the display expression list undisplay item_number item_number An item number of an item to be disabled in the list of expressions to be printed each time the program stops as specified in previous display com mands see display on page 7 77 The undisplay command disables the given items in each of the processes specified by the qualifier The associated expressions or memory locations cease to be displayed when the corresponding process stops until you enable them again using the redisplay command see redisplay on page 7 78 The effect of the qualifier on this command is to limit the items to be disabled to only those that occur in the specified processes Item numbers prefix ea
138. the task progresses and consequently the progress bar may back up rather than progress smoothly This is normal behavior Some examples of tasks that you may see feedback for are Initializing process name This message appears when NightView is preparing a new process executing file name for debugging Initial scan of object file name This message appears when NightView is scanning the debug information of file name prior to debugging a program for the first time The named file may be the name of either an executable program or a shared library Translating n type definitions in name If you are debugging a program that was built from many different source files com piled separately your program may contain debug information for the same user defined type many times NightView must resolve these many definitions before it can manipulate items of that type Because NightView attempts to minimize over head by reading and interpreting debug information only when required this process may be incurred at any time during your debug session This type resolution process is typically only incurred in C and C programs although it may also be required for some Ada programs that use shared libraries You may be able to eliminate or considerably reduce the amount of time NightView takes to resolve these type definitions by running the cprs 1 program on your executable file 9 7 NightView User s Guide Note that once NightView
139. the value NightView still loads the appropriate application defaults file and uses its resource values Monochrome Display Color Display The file usr lib X11 app defaults Nview mono has examples of monochrome resource specifications that were chosen to help distinguish certain fields using standard X Window System bitmaps If you want NightView to have white text on a black background you can add these resources to your Nview mono or Nview file background black foreground white The file usr 1ib X11 app defaults Nview color has examples of color resource specifications These resources include the default color and NightStar colors See NightStar Color Resources on page D 4 The colors in this file were chosen to help distinguish certain fields and to emphasize areas that accept user input If you want to make changes to the colors change your copy of the Nview color file Window Geometry D 8 If you want to specify window geometries for the individual NightView windows then you need to refer to the TopLevelShell widget for each window See Widget Hierarchy on page D 9 For example globalWindowShell geometry 0 0 dialogueWindowShell geometry 0 0 DebugWindowShell geometry 0 0 would put the Global Window in the upper left corner the Dialogue Window in the upper GUI Customization right corner and the Debug Window in the lower left corner Widget Hierarchy Information about the widget hi
140. then a child process is resumed automatically after NightView has prepared it for debug ging This is useful if your program creates many child processes that you want to debug but all you need to do is inherit the eventpoints and debug set tings from the parent process See Multiple Processes on page 3 2 set exit Command Line Interface exec Debug children only when they have called exec 2 that is when they are running a different program The program name is checked against the debug nodebug list for the controlling dialogue to see if the program should be debugged See debug on page 7 23 This is the default setting for direct children of the dialogue shell and processes debugged with the attach com mand See attach on page 7 35 none Ignore all children Sometimes you are not interested in the child processes of the process you are debugging For example your program may make many calls to system 3 which you are not interested in debugging The set children command gives you a way of controlling which children will be debugged without having to detach from each one individually See detach on page 7 35 The set children command applies to future children of the processes specified by the qualifier Existing children are not affected This mode is inherited by future children Control whether a process stops before exiting set exit stop nostop stop The process will stop if the exit system
141. this eventpoint or change exist ing commands by entering one command per line in this multi line text input area This is similar to using the commands command See commands on page 7 94 Evaluate Expression Go To Location Valid for patchpoints only you are required to enter either an expression or a location specifier to set a patchpoint Select one of the two choices by click ing on it The radio button appears filled for your selection and the label for the text input area changes to either Evaluate or Go to See Toggle But tons on page 9 12 Enter the expression or location specifier in the text input area Insert an expression at this location This field represents the eval argument of one variant of the patch point command See patchpoint on page 7 85 This is the default choice Branch to a different location This field represents the goto argument of one variant of the patch point command Once set this field cannot be changed Event ID Value Valid for tracepoints only required to set a tracepoint This field represents the event id argument of the tracepoint command You must enter a trace event number or symbolic name See tracepoint on page 7 88 Once set this field cannot be changed Graphical User Interface Valid for tracepoints only This field represents the value argument of the tracepoint command You can enter an expression whose value should be logged with the tra
142. to change eventpoint characteristics use the Update List button if you are unsure of the current state of eventpoints Select eventpoints from the list to change Graphical User Interface The eventpoint list displays eventpoint ID numbers tells you what type of event point it is its enabled state process and address Scroll bars appear for the list if necessary Messages related to the list are displayed below the list If NightView cannot determine a piece of eventpoint information that part of the list will be empty For example this situation may occur if the process is running when NightView tries to determine the enabled state of an eventpoint If there is only one item in the list NightView selects it for you Otherwise you must select the items in the list you are interested in and then choose an action area button to perform the requested action on each selected eventpoint The default list selection policy is Extended which means you can select discon tiguous ranges of items This list selection policy is configurable See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 Choose an action button The buttons in the action area allow you to make changes to selected eventpoints dismiss the dialog box and request help Some buttons may be disabled dimmed under certain circumstances For example if the list is empty it does not make sense to use some of the buttons The e
143. to child c child f or child a and the debug source display shows the source code Entering Functions GUI 5 16 At this point the parent process is about to run parent routine and the child process is about to run child routine Exercise Change to group process mode Read Group Process Mode on page 9 14 Tutorial GUI Solution From the debug menu bar you should select Group Process Mode from the View menu The debug qualifier area displays Group Mode NightView displays this mes sage in the debug message area Changed to group process mode Exercise Read about the Step debug command button Use the Step button to simultaneously enter both routines Solution In the debug command button area you should click on the Step button Because both the parent and child processes are listed in the debug group area of this Debug Window and the Debug Window is in group process mode the Step button causes both processes to step For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area 0 0x10002884 in child routine int total sig 10 at child c line 14 0 0x10002944 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 11 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area 0 0x1000393c in child routine at child f line 17 0 0x10003a48 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 16 For the Ada program NightV
144. tracepoint on page 7 88 The information printed includes 7 123 NightView User s Guide info patchpoint 7 124 The tracepoint ID e Current state of tracepoint enabled disabled temporary The tracepoint location If verbose was specified then the location will be printed in verbose format Otherwise it will be printed in the format in which it was specified when the tracepoint was created e The tracepoint event ID e The number of times program execution has crossed the tracepoint since the program started execution even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied this count is incremented The number of times the tracepoint has been hit since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to tracepoint The current ignore count The expression being recorded at the tracepoint This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined convenience variable to the address of the last tracepoint listed See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Describe current state of patchpoints info patchpoint verbose name number verbose Specify that the locations of all patchpoints displayed will be in verbose for mat Verbose location format includes the program counter address or addresses of the patchpoint and where possible
145. while you are using the Monitor Window See Dialogues and Dialog Boxes on page 9 10 Monitorpoint Update Interval Dialog Box Data Window 9 58 This dialog box pops up when you select Update Interval in the Monitorpoint menu in the Monitorpoint Window See Monitor Monitorpoint Menu on page 9 56 Enter the number of milliseconds to delay between updates Click on OK to change the interval and close the dialog box Click on Cancel to cancel the action and close the dialog box The update interval can also be changed with the mcontrol command See mcontrol on page 7 91 A Data Window displays various information about your process Each Data Window has a name You specify the name of a Data Window when you place an item in the window If no window of that name exists then one is created with that name There is no limit on the number of Data Windows Items are placed into a Data Window by using the Display menu in the Debug Window or the Data Window or by using the Data Display button in the Debug Window or by invoking the data display command See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 See data display on page 7 76 The Data Window is made up of a menu bar and a display area The following sections describe the parts of the Data Window Graphical User Interface Data Menu Bar From the data menu bar you can perform global NightView actions change the optio
146. window to use accelerators and mnemonics See Keyboard Focus on page 9 10 Menus can be displayed with mnemonics Menus can be displayed from the keyboard by typing Alt mnemonic Each of the main windows has a menu bar near the top of the window The different menus are labeled For example the Debug Window has a Process menu If you look at the Process menu you can see that the P is underlined P is the mnemonic for the Process menu That means that in addition to displaying the Process menu by clicking on it with mouse button 1 you can also display it with Alt p hold down Alt and press p If you decide you don t want to select any of the menu items you can make the menu go away by typing Esc or by clicking somewhere else Menu items can be selected with mnemonics Once a menu is displayed you can select a menu item by typing only the mnemonic for that item The mnemonics for the menu items are underlined just as the mne monics for the menus are underlined To select a menu item by using its mnemonic just press the key Menu functions can be invoked with accelerators Some commonly used menu items have accelerator keys The functions associated with these menu items can be invoked directly without displaying the menu by pressing the accelerator keys The accelerator keys for a particular menu item are listed next to the item in the menu The accelerator keys are often a combination of a control key plus a letter such
147. you experiment with some different breakpoints local set known good breakpoints local breakpoint fred c 123 set other known breakpoints Command Line Interface local checkpoint local info on restart output restart_info local now try experimental breakpoints local breakpoint pebbles c 456 set other experimental breakpoints You decide to start the program again and want only the known breakpoints You kill your process which takes a checkpoint including the experimental breakpoints Then you source the file containing the restart information The restart information is replaced with only the known breakpoints When you restart your program only the known breakpoints are restored local kill local source restart_info restart program family Give a name to a family of one or more processes family family name qualifier spec family name The family name to be defined This must not be the same as the name of any dialogue you currently have The family name must consist only of alphanu meric characters and underscores and must begin with an alphabetic character The family name may be of arbitrary length qualifier spec Identifies one or more processes to be included or excluded in the family named by family name See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 The total set of processes is accumulated by scanning the qualifier spec arguments left to right An argument is added to the set unless it is
148. 0 4 21 5 3 5 8 5 10 5 22 Multiple processes 1 5 3 2 3 4 7 114 7 128 7 129 7 131 7 137 8 1 Multiple selection policy 9 10 9 19 9 21 U 9 27 9 56 9 65 9 66 V 9 4 9 28 9 64 W 9 4 9 27 9 66 X 2 7 9 22 9 30 9 63 Mode add 9 10 group process 5 16 5 31 9 13 9 14 9 21 9 23 9 24 9 29 9 34 9 39 9 42 9 49 Glossary 6 list 9 37 normal 9 10 single process 9 13 9 14 9 15 9 21 9 23 9 24 9 28 9 34 9 39 9 41 9 42 9 49 Glossary 11 Monitor Help menu 9 57 Monitor menu bar 9 56 Monitor Monitorpoint menu 9 56 Monitor NightView menu 9 56 Monitor refresh rate 7 92 Monitor Tools menu 9 57 Monitor Window 3 29 7 91 8 2 9 2 9 55 9 56 GUI 9 2 9 55 D 4 D 5 D 9 simple full screen 8 2 Monitoring expressions 7 90 Monitorpoint 3 8 3 10 3 11 3 18 3 23 3 29 3 38 7 35 7 53 7 67 7 82 7 90 7 91 A 2 Glossary 5 Glossary 8 changing 9 46 N n next 7 106 N key 9 38 n key 9 38 name 7 82 7 83 7 86 7 99 Named agentpoint 3 16 7 92 9 48 Named breakpoint 3 16 7 83 7 84 7 99 9 48 Named eventpoint 3 16 7 15 7 83 9 48 Named monitorpoint 3 16 7 90 9 48 Named patchpoint 3 16 7 86 7 99 9 48 Named process 4 12 4 14 Named tracepoint 3 16 7 88 9 48 Named watchpoint 3 16 7 101 networking A 1 Newline 7 18 7 62 next 4 11 7 105 7 106 7 108 7 117 9 38 9 40 Next button 5 11 9 40 nexti 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 117 9 38 9 40 clearing 7 93 Nexti button 9 40 command
149. 0 PowerPC registers 7 10 POWERWORKS_ELMHOST environment variable 6 3 Predefined convenience variable 3 27 7 5 7 6 7 122 7 123 7 124 7 125 7 126 7 127 7 130 7 140 Principal Debug Window 5 6 9 13 9 21 9 22 D 6 Glossary 9 print Index 18 command attached to monitorpoint 7 90 print 1 5 3 33 4 16 4 20 7 48 7 70 7 71 7 75 7 77 7 79 7 90 7 115 7 137 7 143 9 39 9 40 Print Ada exception handling 7 135 Print addresses limits 7 49 7 130 Print agentpoint 7 121 7 126 Print arguments 7 132 7 136 Print array 7 49 Print breakpoint 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 122 Print button 2 6 5 15 5 20 9 39 9 40 Print checkpoint information 7 134 Print convenience variables 7 129 Print current directory 7 60 Print declaration 7 139 Print dialogue information 7 132 Print display variables 7 129 Print eventpoint 4 29 5 31 7 121 Print eventpoint information 7 133 Print expression 1 5 4 16 4 20 4 26 5 15 5 20 5 27 7 70 7 77 7 138 Print expression limits 7 130 Print family information 7 133 Print file names 7 139 Print function names 7 137 Print global variable 7 136 Print line number 7 139 Print local variables 7 136 Print log file information 7 121 Print macro 7 145 Print monitorpoint 7 125 Print on dialogue commands 7 134 Printon programcommands 7 134 Printon restart commands 7 134 Print patchpoint 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 124 Print process information 7 131 Print registers 7 130 Print search path 7 129 Print signal 7 1
150. 04 at main c 25 6 B Enabled local 13504 at main c 30 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the eventpoint list EvptID Type Enabled Process Address 2 B Enabled local 15625 at main f 26 3 B Enabled local 15625 at main f 28 7 B Enabled local 15625 at parent f 17 8 B Disabled local 15625 at parent f 17 9 P Enabled local 15625 at parent f 17 4 B Enabled local 13504 at main f 26 5 B Enabled local 13504 at main f 28 6 B Enabled local 13504 at main f 19 For the Ada program NightView displays in the eventpoint list EvptID Type Enabled Process Address 2 B Enabled local 15625 at main a 25 3 B Enabled local 15625 at main a 27 7 B Enabled local 15625 at parent a 15 8 B Disabled local 15625 at parent a 15 9 P Enabled local 15625 at parent a 15 4 B Enabled local 13504 at main a 25 5 B Enabled local 13504 at main a 27 6 B Enabled local 13504 at main a 18 NightView displays all eventpoints for process local 15625 followed by the event points for process local 13504 Breakpoints 1 2 and 3 were set in Setting the First Breakpoints GUI on page 5 9 Breakpoint 1 has no entry because it was deleted in Removing a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 22 Breakpoints 2 and 3 are still enabled When the child process was forked it inherited the parent process s breakpoints The child s breakpoints 4 5 and 6 correspond to the parent s breakpoints 1 2 and 3 The order of the eventpoint numbers for inherit
151. 1 Command Line Interface Managing Processes run set notify Run a program in a dialogue and wait for NightView to start debugging it run input line input line The shell command that will start a program or programs to debug This command is very similar to the command see on page 7 30 it sends the specified input line to the dialogue shell or shells specified by the qualifier The difference between run and is that run waits for a new process to be debugged in one of the dialogues specified by the qualifier NOTE Even if the qualifier specifies multiple dialogues the run com mand terminates as soon as one new process has started The run command does not check the given input line for validity it simply passes it unchanged to the dialogue shell just like the command If it does not start a new process to be debugged then run will just continue waiting forever or until you type lt CONTROL C gt If you issue a run command that starts more than one program run will only wait until one of them starts up and is noticed by NightView The other programs will start up and be debugged but you probably won t know about them until after you have entered the next command If you just want to send input to a program that is reading from the shell s input terminal or you want to start up a program or programs without waiting for them just use the command If you want to run the same program again use the
152. 106 7 107 7 117 9 38 9 39 Step button 5 17 9 39 stepi 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 117 9 38 9 39 Stepi button 9 39 stop 3 39 7 109 9 37 9 40 Stop button 9 14 9 40 Stopping a process 7 109 9 40 Stopping execution 1 4 2 5 3 36 3 39 4 9 4 23 4 24 5 9 5 24 5 25 7 84 7 100 Stream command Glossary 2 String C 3 38 7 71 character 7 71 7 130 macro 7 143 String limits printing 7 49 strip 7 36 Stripped executable 7 25 7 36 stty 8 1 Subprogram 4 11 4 16 5 11 5 16 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 129 Subprogram arguments printing 7 136 Subprogram interest level 3 17 3 28 7 54 Glossary 7 Subprogram name list 7 137 Subprograms inline 3 27 interesting 3 17 3 26 3 28 4 14 5 13 7 7 7 55 7 105 7 107 Glossary 7 uninteresting 3 17 3 26 3 28 4 14 5 13 7 7 7 55 7 105 7 107 Subroutine 4 11 4 16 5 11 5 16 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 129 Subroutine arguments printing 7 136 Subroutine call 3 24 7 86 Subroutine name list 7 137 Substitution text 7 140 Summary of commands 5 5 9 4 B 1 Summary of eventpoints 5 22 5 26 5 30 5 31 9 26 9 27 9 45 9 49 Superuser 3 37 Switch To button 5 7 5 13 9 14 Symbol file 3 16 7 36 7 38 Glossary 11 Symbol table 7 80 7 120 7 136 7 137 7 139 symbol file 3 7 3 16 7 25 7 36 7 37 7 60 Symbolic debug information 7 36 9 7 Symbolic debugger 1 5 3 1 Symbols undefined 7 80 Syntax command 7 1 expression 7 4 qualifier 7 1 System local 3 6 A 1 remote 3
153. 15 You must acknowledge the warning before you can interact with any of the other NightView windows Click on the Dismiss button GUI Components Text Input Areas This section describes GUI components that you need to understand to use the graphical user interface Text input areas receive text from the keyboard The most important examples of text input areas are the single line input areas in the major windows which are used to enter NightView commands See Debug Command Area on page 9 42 The command areas use a combo box to provide access to the command history See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 Text input areas have many special keys that can be used to position the text cursor and to edit the text A description of all the special keys is beyond the scope of this chapter However this section describes some of the most important keys as they apply to NightView s command areas For more information on keys see the OSF Motif User s Guide Text input areas can take input only when they have the keyboard focus See Keyboard Focus on page 9 10 9 5 NightView User s Guide Combo Boxes Spin Boxes Message Areas 9 6 For color devices NightView uses a different color for areas of a window that you can type into You can configure this color Refer to the NightView color application defaults file See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 left and right arrows move the cursor by one character to th
154. 16 5 31 9 13 9 14 9 21 9 23 9 24 9 29 9 34 9 39 9 42 9 49 Glossary 6 GUI 2 1 3 29 3 32 6 1 6 3 7 1 7 36 7 112 9 1 9 55 A 2 D 1 Glossary 6 Guide command summary B 1 H h key 9 38 handle 3 14 3 16 3 35 4 7 5 9 7 102 7 110 7 111 7 131 Help context sensitive 9 3 cross reference 5 5 help 1 1 1 4 3 31 4 5 7 117 9 3 9 4 9 5 Glossary 6 Glossary 8 Help button 9 5 9 9 9 15 9 16 9 20 9 21 9 44 9 45 9 49 9 52 9 67 9 72 Help menu 2 1 2 4 5 4 5 5 5 8 9 2 9 3 9 17 9 34 9 57 9 61 9 74 Data 9 61 Debug 9 34 Dialogue 9 17 Global 9 74 Monitor 9 57 Help system movement 9 3 9 76 Help Window 2 1 2 4 2 5 5 5 5 8 9 2 9 3 9 5 9 17 Index 12 9 20 9 34 9 57 9 74 9 76 D 3 D 4 Glossary 6 Help window exiting 2 4 2 5 Hidden frames 7 7 7 55 7 67 7 110 Highlighting 9 9 9 10 9 15 9 19 9 42 History command 3 34 9 5 value 3 33 4 16 5 15 7 4 7 49 7 71 7 75 7 130 Glossary 12 Hit a breakpoint 9 47 Hit a monitorpoint 9 47 Hit a patchpoint 9 47 Hit a tracepoint 9 47 Hit a watchpoint 9 47 Hit an agentpoint 9 47 Hit an eventpoint 9 47 hold mcontrol hold 7 91 Hold button 9 58 Hollerith data 7 70 Home key 9 6 9 11 i b info breakpoint 7 122 T O 3 5 Iconifying windows 9 2 9 3 ID group 3 37 process 3 3 3 5 3 17 4 7 5 7 5 13 7 14 9 20 Glossary 9 trace event 7 87 7 88 9 48 Glossary 11 user 3 37 idtune utility A 1 ignore 4 24 7 82 7 87
155. 31 Print source file names 7 137 Print stack frame all 4 18 5 18 7 69 one 7 128 Print string limits 7 49 Print text 7 75 Print tracepoint 7 121 7 123 Print type information 7 138 7 139 Print value history 7 130 Print variable 7 139 Print variable address 7 137 Print watchpoint 7 121 7 127 printf 7 141 7 144 Procedure 4 11 4 16 5 11 5 16 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 129 Glossary 9 Procedure arguments printing 7 136 Procedure call 3 23 7 86 Procedure name list 7 137 Process 3 2 9 13 9 23 A 2 E 1 Glossary 9 abnormal termination 7 37 attaching to 6 1 7 35 9 17 9 20 background 7 119 child 3 2 3 3 4 1 4 7 4 14 4 15 5 1 5 8 5 13 5 14 7 24 7 35 7 45 Glossary 2 currently displayed 5 7 exiting 3 16 3 18 7 45 initializing 9 7 killing 3 16 7 20 multiple 3 2 3 4 8 1 naming 4 12 4 14 parent 4 14 4 15 5 13 5 14 9 21 printing 7 131 pseudo 3 3 3 18 6 3 7 37 7 39 running 3 17 3 21 single 3 2 stopped 3 17 3 21 3 25 3 27 stopping 7 109 stopping debugging 7 35 terminated 3 18 terminating 3 16 3 17 Process families 3 2 Process ID 3 3 3 5 3 17 4 7 5 7 5 13 7 14 9 20 Glossary 9 Process menu 9 23 Debug 9 23 Process mode group 5 16 5 31 9 13 9 14 9 21 9 23 9 24 9 29 9 34 9 39 9 42 Glossary 6 single 9 13 9 14 9 15 9 21 9 23 9 24 9 28 9 34 9 39 9 42 Glossary 11 process mode group 9 49 single 9 41 9 49 Process selection 9 19 Process state 3 17 7 132 Glossary 9 P
156. 36 users bob mycore was last modified on Wed Nov 18 17 48 38 1992 Core file indicates the executable file is users bob myprog Executable file set to users bob myprog Pseudo process assigned PID 65536 Process 65536 terminated with SIGQUIT local family mycore 65536 local mycore exec file stripped_prog local mycore symbol file full_prog The first command creates a new pseudo process for the file mycore in NightView s current directory NightView assigns this pseudo process PID number 65536 The family command then gives the name mycore to this pseudo process The exec file command then establishes the file stripped_prog as the executable file for that process while the symbol file command establishes full _prog as the name of the symbol file Specify debugger commands to be executed when a program is exec ed on program pattern on program pattern command on program pattern do pattern A wildcard pattern to match against the executable file names of newly exec ed programs See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 command A debugger command to be executed when a new program whose executable file name matches pattern is exec ed In the third form of the on program command the debugger commands to be executed must begin on the line following the do keyword The list of debugger commands to execute is terminated when a line containing only the words end on program is encountered The on p
157. 37 In mixed preferred mode the debugger shows a line of source followed by the instructions that correspond to that line Source lines that do not produce code are not shown Only one source line is shown for each group of instructions so state ments that span lines are only partially shown Note that because of inlining and optimization not all the instructions that follow a line are generated by that line Also note that lines from multiple files may be shown in this mode See the description of the Source Only menu item for more information Disassembly Preferred Mnemonic A Accelerator Ctrl A Selecting this menu item puts the source display area in disassembly preferred mode In disassembly preferred mode the debug source display shows disassembly when possible If the debugger tries to show a file that does not have any corre sponding instructions then it will show the file with no disassembly See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 The range of instructions displayed usually corresponds to a single subprogram See the description of the Source Only menu item for more information Show Qualifier Mnemonic L Accelerator Ctrl L Graphical User Interface Use this menu item to see the value of the qualifier for this window See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 The qualifier is displayed in an information dialog box entitled Window Qualifier Select OK to dismiss the dialog box The Window Qualifier d
158. 4 Index 20 feedbackNotDoneBackground D 4 feedbackNotDoneForeground D 4 fixedFontList D 3 fontList D 7 foreground D 4 D 8 geometry D 8 infoFontList D 3 initialGlobalWindow D 6 initialPrincipalDebugWindow D 6 inputBackground D 4 inputForeground D 4 keyboardFocusPolicy 9 11 monitorWindowColumns 9 57 D 5 oneWindowPerProcess 9 13 outputBackground D 4 outputForeground D 4 selectColor 9 12 selectionPolicy 9 9 showStaleIndicatorToggle set 9 56 D 7 smallFixedFontList D 3 smallFontList D 3 useNightStarColors D 2 useNightStarFonts D 2 Resources application D 1 D 5 Glossary 1 color D 4 D 8 system A 1 X A 2 D 1 D 7 Restart commands on 7 42 restart begin hook macro 3 17 7 40 restart end hook macro 3 17 Restarting a program 3 16 7 40 7 45 Restarting execution 3 15 3 16 7 40 7 42 7 45 Glossary 2 Glossary 10 resume 3 14 3 36 3 37 4 21 7 94 7 102 7 103 7 104 9 38 9 39 9 41 Resume button 2 6 5 10 5 12 5 22 5 28 5 33 9 39 Resuming execution 1 5 2 6 4 10 4 15 4 21 4 31 5 10 5 14 5 22 5 33 7 102 7 103 9 39 Return key 4 4 4 8 4 12 4 27 5 5 5 6 5 8 5 9 5 12 5 18 5 19 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 7 18 7 19 7 62 8 1 9 6 9 20 9 43 9 44 9 49 reverse search 7 16 7 62 7 65 rlogin 7 22 Root user 3 37 Routine 4 11 4 16 5 11 5 16 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 129 Glossary 10 trace open thread 7 89 trace start 7 89 Routine arguments printing 7 136 Routine name
159. 4 Continue execution resume sigid sigid The processes receive the specified signal when they resume execution sigid is a signal name or number You may specify a signal name with or without the SIG prefix the name is case insensitive If sigid is 0 then the processes receive no signal when they resume execution See signal on page 7 110 If this argument is not present then the processes are resumed with the signal that caused them to stop similar to continue NOTE On Linux there is no way to pass SIGSTOP to a process being debugged resume causes the processes specified by the qualifier to resume execution at the point where they last stopped The processes run concurrently Each process will execute until some event such as hitting a breakpoint or watchpoint causes it to stop If a resume command in a breakpoint or watchpoint command stream continues execution of the process stopped at that breakpoint or watchpoint the command stream is terminated no further commands are executed from that stream If a resume command continues execution of a process that is currently executing another breakpoint or watchpoint command stream the resume command does not take effect until that command stream has completed execution See Command Streams on page 3 31 If a resume command continues execution of a process that is currently executing an on program or on restart command stream the resume command does not take eff
160. 4 0YNROMO G 4 Every time the parent sends the child a signal the parent writes a message subroutine parent _routine child pid common msg_comm total sig common usrl_comm sigusrl integer child pid integer total sig integer sigusrl integer isec integer ireturn integer sig_ct integer kill data isec 2 do 10 sig ct 1 total_sig write 6 FMT 13 A 12 X A sig ct x Parent sleeping for isec seconds call sleep isec ireturn kill child pid sigusrl continue return end Every time the child receives a signal from the parent the child writes a message subroutine child routine common msg_comm total_sig common sig_comm sig ct_child common usrl_comm sigusrl integer total sig integer sig_ct child integer sigusrl integer ireturn integer ftpause integer ftsignal external signal_handler integer signal_handler ireturn ftsignal sigusrl signal handler do while sig ct child 1t total sig ireturn ftpause ireturn ftsignal sigusr1l signal handler write 6 FMT A 13 Child got ordinal signal X sig_ct_child end do return end ftint c 28 29 30 San 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 AANIANAONPFPWNHNRFP TWO WANA PWN FP WWWWWWNHNNNNNN DN N DN 00M eN ROO J0dm4s YN ROMO 36 Ww N Tutorial Files Count how many signals have been received integer function signal handler common sig_comm sig ct_child integer sig _ct_
161. 4 INE Ky 5 6 X 1f x lt 1 do A return 1 8 else 9 return x factorial x 1 10 You told the List command abbreviated to 1 in this example to list at line 1 You now decide where you want to set a breakpoint An interesting spot in this program is the return statement in the recursive routine factorial where it is about to start backing out of the recursive calls local b 7 local 2347 Breakpoint 1 set at fact c 7 local Finishing up A Quick Start The return was on line 7 so you used the breakpoint command abbreviated to b to set a breakpoint on line 7 Complete descriptions of the commands you used here appear in list on page 7 61 and breakpoint on page 7 84 Now run the program until it reaches the breakpoint local c local 2347 at Breakpoint 1 0x100026fc in factorial int x 1 at fact c line 7 7 B return 1 local You used the continue command abbreviated to c without any arguments This told the program to start running It ran until it hit the breakpoint that you had set on line 7 Note that your process ID and addresses will differ Now look at the call stack local bt O 0x100026fc in factorial int x 1 at fact c line 7 1 0x1000271c in factorial int x 2 at fact c line 9 2 Oxl000271c in factorial int x 3 at fact c line 9 3 0x1000271c in factorial int x 4 at fact c line 9 4 0xl000271c in factorial int x 5 at fact c
162. 5 17 5 19 5 20 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 30 7 119 7 140 9 23 9 24 9 37 current 7 62 7 65 7 66 displaying 4 8 4 10 7 61 list 7 137 Index 22 search path for 7 62 7 63 7 129 Source line decorations 2 5 2 6 4 8 4 10 4 11 4 14 4 17 5 7 5 10 5 11 5 13 5 14 5 18 5 20 5 21 5 25 5 30 7 62 7 67 7 105 7 106 9 25 9 37 9 40 9 41 Source listing 1 4 2 3 4 8 4 10 7 18 7 61 Source menu 9 23 9 37 9 39 9 44 Debug 9 23 9 37 9 39 9 44 Space key 4 4 4 12 Spin box 9 69 Stack Glossary 11 Stack examination 1 5 2 6 4 18 5 18 7 69 Stack frame 7 5 7 62 7 80 7 137 Glossary 6 Glossary 11 current 3 26 3 27 4 19 4 20 4 31 5 19 5 21 5 33 7 67 7 84 7 86 7 88 7 90 7 92 7 93 7 100 7 108 7 114 7 115 7 116 7 117 7 128 7 130 Glossary 3 displaying 7 76 7 128 9 31 printing 4 18 5 18 7 69 Stack pointer 7 7 7 130 Stack variable 3 20 Stale data indicator 3 30 8 2 9 56 9 57 D 7 Glossary 11 Starting execution 1 2 2 2 3 15 Starting the debugger 1 2 2 2 3 34 4 3 5 4 6 1 Starting tracing 7 87 State agentpoint 7 127 9 47 breakpoint 7 123 9 47 eventpoint 7 121 9 47 monitorpoint 7 126 9 47 patchpoint 7 125 9 47 process 3 17 7 132 Glossary 9 tracepoint 7 124 9 47 watchpoint 7 127 9 47 Static data definitions 7 80 Static function specifying location of 7 12 Static memory 7 137 Static variable 3 20 7 5 Status information 7 120 step 3 28 3 35 3 36 4 16 5 16 7 102 7 105 7
163. 6 target A 1 system 3 2 7 45 System crash 3 38 System resources A 1 Index System tuning A 1 T T source line decoration 7 67 Tab key 9 11 Tag trace event 7 87 7 88 Glossary 12 Target system A 1 Task 3 35 7 108 7 116 Ada 9 63 Glossary 1 Glossary 1 1 tbreak 7 82 7 98 telnetd A 1 Temporary agentpoint 9 47 Temporary breakpoint 7 99 9 47 Temporary monitorpoint 9 47 Temporary patchpoint 7 99 9 47 Temporary tracepoint 9 47 Temporary watchpoint 9 47 TERM environment variable 8 1 Terminal refresh 7 118 Terminating a process 3 16 3 17 7 36 9 19 9 23 Termination abnormal 7 37 Terminator input 7 30 7 51 Text printing 7 75 Text cursor 9 38 9 40 9 41 Text fonts D 3 D 7 Text input area 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 9 5 9 20 9 44 9 46 9 47 9 48 9 49 D 4 editing 9 5 9 11 Text substitution 7 140 Thread 3 35 7 108 7 116 9 63 Glossary 1 1 Thread process 3 35 7 14 7 108 7 116 7 135 9 35 9 63 Glossary 1 1 Threshold interest level 3 17 3 28 7 55 Toggle button 9 12 9 14 9 15 9 28 9 29 9 48 9 50 tool set NightStar D 1 Tools menu 9 17 9 32 9 57 9 60 9 74 Data 9 60 Debug 9 32 Dialogue 9 17 Global 9 74 Monitor 9 57 tpatch 7 82 7 99 Trace Glossary 11 Trace initialization 7 87 trace open thread routine 7 89 Index 23 NightView User s Guide trace start routine 7 89 Trace event ID 7 87 7 88 9 48 Glossary 11 Trace event map file 7 87 7 88 Glossary 5 Trace event tag 7 87 7 88 Glossar
164. 6 for more information display Add to the list of expressions to be printed each time the process stops See dis play on page 7 77 for more information down Move one or more stack frames toward frames called by the current stack frame See down on page 7 116 for more information echo Print arbitrary text See echo on page 7 75 for more information enable Enable an eventpoint for a specified duration See enable on page 7 97 for more information exec file Specify the location of the executable file corresponding to a process See exec file on page 7 38 for more information family Give a name to a family of one or more processes See family on page 7 43 for more information finish Continue execution until the current function finishes See finish on page 7 108 for more information forward search fo Search forward through the current source file for a specified regular expression See forward search on page 7 65 for more information frame f Select a new stack frame or print a description of the current stack frame See frame on page 7 114 for more information handle Specify how to handle signals and Ada exceptions in the user process See handle on page 7 111 for more information help Access the online help system See help on page 7 117 for more information B 3 NightView User s Guide B 4 ignore Attach an ignore count t
165. 7 Next it runs enable delete on that breakpoint which will cause it to be deleted when it is hit Finally it resumes the process See breakpoint on page 7 84 See enable on page 7 97 See resume on page 7 104 When you press the button you will see the source line decoration for the break point appear and the message area will print a message about the new breakpoint When the process finally stops at that breakpoint the breakpoint will be deleted and the decoration will disappear See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 Clear Clicking on this button is similar to using the clear command with a line number for the location specifier See clear on page 7 93 You must have moved the text cursor in the debug source display area to the source line where you want to clear eventpoints See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 NightView uses this source line as the location specifier See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 When you press this button any eventpoints that are set at the first instruction of this line are removed If you have eventpoints set at instructions within the line they will not be cleared You see the source line decoration change and a message is dis played in the Debug message area See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 Up Clicking on this button advances one stack frame toward the oldest calling frame This action is similar to using the up command with no argument See up
166. 7 1 7 144 b breakpoint 7 84 bt backtrace 7 69 c continue 7 103 d delete 7 96 exception info exception 7 135 f frame 7 114 fo forward search 7 65 hold mcontrol hold 7 91 i b info breakpoint 7 122 1 list 7 61 n next 7 106 ni nexti 7 108 p print 7 70 ptype info declaration 7 139 q quit 7 20 release mcontrol release 7 91 representation info representation 7 139 s step 7 105 si stepi 7 107 whatis info whatis 7 138 xl translate object file 7 24 Command arguments 7 1 Command case 7 1 Command execution delaying 7 120 Command file 7 119 Index 4 Command history 3 34 9 5 Command input 7 119 7 120 Command prompt 4 4 4 12 Command qualifier 3 4 4 22 5 4 7 1 7 13 7 49 9 19 9 41 Glossary 10 Command repetition 4 14 7 2 7 18 7 62 Command replacement 7 144 Command stream 3 31 3 32 3 34 7 103 7 104 7 110 7 119 7 120 Glossary 2 event driven 3 31 Command summary 5 5 9 4 B 1 Command syntax 7 1 Command line interface 1 5 1 1 3 29 4 1 4 3 5 1 5 4 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 112 7 141 8 1 9 1 9 19 9 42 9 75 Glossary 2 Command line user interface 7 118 Commands 7 30 agentpoint 7 92 apply on dialogue 7 29 apply on program 7 41 attach 6 1 7 35 backtrace 7 69 breakpoint 7 84 cd 7 60 checkpoint 7 42 clear 7 93 commands 7 94 condition 7 95 continue 7 103 core file 7 37 data display 3 17 7 76 debug 7 23 define 7 140 delay 7 120 delete 7 95 detach 7 35 directory 7 63
167. 9 32 for a description of the individual Tools menu items Data Help Menu Graphical User Interface Mnemonic H This menu provides ways of getting context sensitive help help on the current window help on the last error NightView encountered as well as several other categories of help NightView help information is displayed in a Help Window See Help Window on page 9 76 The Help menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window The Help menu is described in another sec tion See Help Menu on page 9 3 A general discussion of NightView s online help is also available See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Data Display Area Data Items The data display area shows data items A scroll bar appears to the left of the data items Each data item shows one piece of data from your process A data item has a small action button on the left a label and a value field The format of the value field depends on the kind of data item If the action button is shown with a then any sub items the data item has are collapsed not currently displayed You can expand the sub items by clicking on the action button with mouse button 1 If the action button is shown with a then any sub items the data item has expanded dis played You can collapse the sub items by clicking on the action button with mouse but ton 1 If the action button is blank then the dat
168. 9 42 9 75 D 4 Debug command button area 5 17 9 28 9 39 D 5 Debug Display menu 9 31 Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes 9 45 Debug Eventpoint menu 5 22 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 30 5 31 9 26 9 45 9 49 Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change Dialog Box 5 23 5 26 5 30 5 31 9 27 9 49 Debug File Selection Dialog Box 9 45 Debug group area 5 7 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 17 5 22 5 28 5 34 9 13 9 14 9 28 9 29 9 39 9 42 D 5 Debug Group Selection Dialog Box 9 43 Debug Help menu 9 34 Debug identification area 2 3 5 6 5 13 9 35 Debug information 4 3 5 3 7 36 9 7 Debug Interrupt button 9 41 Debug menu bar 9 21 Debug message area 2 3 2 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 15 5 17 5 18 5 20 5 24 5 25 5 28 5 30 5 31 9 14 9 34 9 44 9 75 D 3 D 4 Debug NightView menu 2 7 5 34 9 21 9 43 Debug Process menu 9 23 Debug qualifier area 5 7 5 14 9 14 9 15 9 41 Debug session Glossary 4 Debug source display 2 3 2 5 2 6 5 7 5 10 5 11 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 17 5 19 5 20 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 30 9 24 9 25 9 26 9 35 9 37 9 40 9 45 9 46 9 50 D 3 D 4 Debug source file name 2 3 5 7 5 13 5 19 5 21 5 34 9 35 Debug source lock button 9 35 Debug Source menu 5 15 9 23 9 37 9 39 9 44 D 5 Debug Source Selection Dialog Box 9 24 9 44 Debug status area 2 3 5 7 5 11 5 12 5 14 5 17 5 22 5 28 5 34 9 36 Debug status message 9 34 Debug table 7 136 7 137 Debug Tools
169. 9 52 A 1 A 2 E 1 Glossary 4 commands on 7 27 local 3 5 7 1 local with on dialogue 7 28 7 29 printing 7 132 remote 3 6 7 22 9 22 9 52 A 1 starting 7 21 terminating 7 26 dialogue local 6 1 Dialogue command area 5 5 9 19 9 42 D 4 Dialogue Dialogue menu 9 17 Dialogue Help menu 9 17 Dialogue I O 9 2 Dialogue I O area 2 2 2 3 2 6 3 5 5 4 5 6 5 11 5 12 5 28 5 33 9 18 9 20 D 3 D 4 Dialogue identification area 9 18 Dialogue input 7 30 7 33 7 51 Dialogue Interrupt button 9 18 Dialogue menu 9 17 Dialogue 9 17 Dialogue menu bar 9 16 Dialogue message area 5 5 9 18 9 75 D 3 D 4 Index 8 Dialogue name 7 23 Dialogue NightView menu 2 7 9 17 Dialogue output 3 5 7 30 7 32 Dialogue prompt 6 2 Dialogue qualifier area 5 4 9 19 Dialogue shell 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 5 3 18 5 6 9 2 9 18 E 1 login 7 21 logout 7 26 Dialogue Tools menu 9 17 Dialogue Window 2 3 5 4 5 7 5 11 5 12 5 14 9 1 9 6 9 16 9 18 9 19 9 20 9 22 9 42 9 56 9 74 9 75 Glossary 4 Dimmed button 5 22 9 39 9 45 9 49 9 51 9 52 Dimmed label 9 47 Dimmed menu item 9 22 Directory current 7 60 9 8 directory 3 16 7 60 7 62 7 63 Directory searching 3 16 7 62 7 63 7 129 disable 4 28 7 82 7 96 Disable button 5 30 Disabled button 5 22 9 39 9 45 9 49 9 51 9 52 Disabled menu item 9 22 Disabling a breakpoint 4 24 4 28 5 25 5 30 7 96 7 98 9 47 9 51 Disabling a monitorpoint 7 98 9 47 9 51 Disabling a patchpoint 7 98 9 47
170. 9 68 Data Window Add Registers 9 31 9 68 Data Window Add Stack 9 31 9 68 Data Window Add Threads 9 32 9 68 Data Window Call Stack Frames 9 69 Data Window Copy Expression 9 69 Data Window Default Label Columns 9 69 Data Window Default Scroll Lines 9 69 9 70 Data Window Edit Expression 9 70 Data Window Expand Tree 9 70 Data Window Item 9 67 Data Window Label Columns 9 70 Data Window Move Expression 9 70 Data Window Move Local Variables 9 71 Data Window Move Registers 9 71 Index 7 NightView User s Guide Data Window Move Stack 9 71 Data Window Move Threads 9 71 Data Window Pointer Array Dimension 9 72 Data Window Save Snapshot 9 72 Data Window Scroll Lines 9 73 Data Window Subscript Array 9 73 Data Window Subscript Enum Array 9 73 Data Window Text Query 9 73 Data Window Value Query 9 73 Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change 5 23 5 26 5 30 5 31 9 27 9 49 Debug File Selection 9 45 Debug Group Selection 9 43 Debug Source Selection 9 24 9 44 Error 9 15 9 16 Eventpoint 9 45 File Selection 9 8 9 25 Monitorpoint 9 26 9 45 Monitorpoint Update Interval 9 58 Patchpoint 5 29 9 27 9 45 Program Arguments 9 20 Remote Login 9 52 Select a Function Unit 5 16 9 24 9 44 Select a Source File 9 24 9 44 Tracepoint 9 27 9 45 Warning 5 23 5 34 9 5 9 15 9 17 9 23 Watchpoint 9 27 9 45 Dialog Boxes Debug Eventpoint 9 45 Dialogue 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 18 3 21 4 4 5 4 5 7 5 11 5 12 5 14 7 14 7 21 7 22 7 35 7 133 9 10 9 22
171. Buttons Mnemonic N Accelerator Ctrl N This menu item displays a check button which is either set or unset depending on whether the debug command button area is displayed or hidden from view See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 The default initial setting is set the debug command button area is displayed You can change the setting at any time by selecting this menu item You can change the initial setting by setting the resource displayCommandBut tonsToggleButton set The default value of this resource is True See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Single Process Mode Mnemonic S Accelerator Ctrl S Selecting this menu item causes the appearance of the window to change and causes NightView commands to operate on a single process rather than on all the processes which may be represented in this window s group area See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 Single process mode is the default setting When the Debug Window is in single process mode a filled radio button is shown next to the menu item to indicate that this option is selected See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Graphical User Interface The other member of this set of options is the Group Process Mode menu item See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 The behavior of the Debug Window when in single or group process mode is described in another section S
172. C 55 tain ects fe amis Gens els a oe aie os E enn 7 35 detach 2 5 3 24 54 0 2 tie pi e ear a ete E 7 35 KD Sek ech A AA AAA tie lt Mitte 7 36 Symbol file ci A Cee Ss 7 36 EU a ees Se eo 7 37 excl ii oan Mi Ben oe ee ee eG 7 38 nprogiani eet Re ae ee A a 7 39 apply On program A A ee he OE DE 7 41 ONTOS tal NN 7 41 Checkpoint karreren A A OE de 7 42 A A 225 hoe eb Rit lenid Sis eee tit hts 7 43 SetaChildren ayes A ah PR 7 44 A ce dt rte Se Nee i ne 7 45 MIPESETVE i ni A ee de a adie Baran ee 7 46 Setting Modest sd settee Adel a cine di 7 47 Ad a eee 7 47 Setzlan O a o A e e E e ne 7 47 set qualier o ias tas es pactos te do cartas lo rea 7 49 ST bath ew ew Os teed ees E hei 7 49 Set limits otto te eee ccd Le ead Ree Gah E REO ES s 7 49 Setpro pt a ei BA gee Sem hi See a 7 50 Set terminator a Kc Gs Me ae oe ee ce R 7 51 Set safety ac tece tad A eel ett hw 7 52 SOLTERA eee ee eA 7 52 Seta lOCa lies cctars ote a agora 7 53 set patch areassiz a5 ii i a ee eS 7 53 A oad hs el A Shek ee ee cash ei aia 7 54 Stato a A e E ee ES 7 57 set OVverlOad excep ics kein Seen A ee Boe gant 7 57 A sk Oe BE a ole oe Pate 7 57 Setzeditor lt field ued Sit Geek lcci Gun ache e ta a 7 58 Set disassembl yet ii Lege S ees Leas pace Bees 7 58 Debugger Environment Control 00 00 c cece teens 7 60 Cd ioe Sah A as 7 60 PWG ee O At note 7 60 Source Files ireira eats eee eae BRE SE O 7 61 Viewing Source Files eA it enh dh Ba eae 7 61 MA
173. Color Resources on page D 4 The next time you run NightView the color of all the input fields has the new setting Changing the inputBackground line in your Nview color file to inputBackground Yellow causes the background color for all input areas to be yellow This assumes that you are using a color display and that the useNightStarColors resource is True See Using NightStar Resources on page D 2 Resource values are specified in the application resource files See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Using NightStar Resources D 2 The following resources are provided so you can control NightView s appearance as it applies to the NightStar resources In most cases however the default values for the following resources should be used useNightStarColors By default this resource is True It controls whether the NightStar colors are used by NightView useNightStarFonts By default this resource is True It controls whether the NightStar fonts are used by NightView These resources are specified in the usr lib X11 app defaults Nview resource file If you set one of these resources to False NightView does not use the corresponding NightStar resource Instead only standard X11 resources are used such as background foreground fontList as defined in the resource files and you are responsible for explicitly specifying fonts and colors for NightView s window components For example if you s
174. For the graphical user interface X server memory may also be a concern See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 A 2 Summary of Commands B Summary of Commands This section gives a summary of all the commands in NightView The table is organized alphabetically by command The abbreviations for the commands are included with the corresponding commands rather than alphabetically Also remember that you can abbreviate commands by using a unique prefix oy Pass input to a dialogue See on page 7 30 for more information agentpoint Insert a call to a debug agent at a given location See agentpoint on page 7 92 for more information apply on dialogue Execute on dialogue commands for existing dialogues See apply on dialogue on page 7 29 for more information apply on program Execute on program commands for existing processes See apply on program on page 7 41 for more information attach Attach the debugger to a process that is already running See attach on page 7 35 for more information backtrace bt Print an ordered list of the currently active stack frames See backtrace on page 7 69 for more information breakpoint b Set a breakpoint See breakpoint on page 7 84 for more information cd Set the debugger s default working directory See cd on page 7 60 for more infor mation checkpoint Take a restart checkpoint now See checkpoint o
175. MAXAda Reference Manual Harris C Reference Manual Elan License Manager Release Notes NightView Reference Manual Contents Contents Chapter 1 A Quick Start Sample Program pics 4 5600 a feed a btt de 1 1 Starting Ups ccrac o Eel Stay ee 1 2 Getting Help iia sw Mea e es aie Ba eds a aed tete 1 3 Setting a Breakpoint oan ro 1 4 Fi ishi g UP di eds 1 5 Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI Sample Program GUI oo ooococococooc teen nnene 2 1 Starting Up CUL A A SAEED 2 2 Getting Help GU AR A A os a a A Nass 2 4 Setting a Breakpoint GUI 0ooooooooccoocor e ee tneae 2 5 Finishing Up GU in A A S 2 6 Chapter 3 Concepts DELLE ME o A A in 3 1 Accessing Files uni ii a TEE EE EOR E EEA 3 1 Programs and Processes 0 cee cece cette ene E EA PeR OSAS 3 2 Multiple Processes ssc ress eed es 3 2 Eamilies seresa TVS ATA 3 2 AA ide 3 3 Detail SIA AS 3 3 Core Files es a o id RRL ae 3 4 DU e o ROD 3 4 Dialogues 0 a iia 3 4 Dialogue Oir iris tad oe A 3 5 Real Time Debugging o oooooocooorrrrr n eens 3 6 Remote Dialogues ti TA RS 3 6 R adyToDebug ed rats 3 8 Finding Your Programs rta A dal 3 8 Controlling Your Program 0 00 cece nent nen eens 3 8 Eventpoints ss A ee ee ea ee SoS AUT 3 8 Breakpoints 20c0 so shee oo Gada eda ee ai 3 10 Monitorpoints s ssi pane fee tell bee Ee reae by oar ae eb hs 3 10 Patchpoints 229 5244 sei dd Ce 3 10 TRACE POINtS 2 32 ce tse A PAM OER RY SA BUTE eA 3 11 A
176. NightView User s Guide EN NEUE 0890395 260 ORPORATIO November 2003 CORPORATION Copyright 2003 by Concurrent Computer Corporation All rights reserved This publication or any part thereof is intended for use with Concurrent Computer Corporation products by Concurrent Computer Corporation personnel customers and end users It may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher The information contained in this document is believed to be correct at the time of publication It is subject to change without notice Concurrent Computer Corporation makes no warranties expressed or implied concerning the infor mation contained in this document To report an error or comment on a specific portion of the manual photocopy the page in question and mark the cor rection or comment on the copy Mail the copy and any additional comments to Concurrent Computer Corporation 2881 Gateway Drive Pompano Beach FL 33069 4324 Mark the envelope Attention Publications Department This publication may not be reproduced for any other reason in any form without written permission of the publisher The license management portion of this product is based on Elan License Manager Copyright 1989 1993 Elan Computer Group Inc All rights reserved Elan License Manager is a trademark of Elan Computer Group Inc gdb is a trademark of the Free Software Foundation NightHawk is a registered trademark and NightSim NightSta
177. One Mnemonic D Move this data item after the following item To other Data Window Edit Mnemonic W This button pops up a dialog box that lets you select another Data Window to receive this item See Data Window Move Expression on page 9 70 See Data Window Move Local Variables on page 9 71 See Data Window Move Registers on page 9 71 See Data Window Move Stack on page 9 71 See Data Window Move Threads on page 9 71 Mnemonic E This button pops up a dialog box that lets you modify the expression in this data item See Data Window Edit Expression on page 9 70 Delete Mnemonic D The data item is removed from the Data Window 9 66 Graphical User Interface Data Window Dialog Boxes Data Window Item Dialog Box This section describes common information for several of the Data Window dialog boxes These dialog boxes all contain controls to set the data window name and the qualifier plus OK Cancel and Help buttons Data Window Name Enter the name of the Data Window to receive the data item or select a name from the list by clicking on the arrow This control is a combo box See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 If no Data Window exists with this name one is created The default name is Data Window Qualifier Enter a qualifer e g a process id to associate with this data item This is a text input area See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 The qualifier identifi
178. PC for the dynamically linked portion of the program eventpoint patch areas may be placed at 0xb0000000 eventpoint patch area size and at 0xb4000000 2 eventpoint patch area size Other eventpoint patch areas may be created for some programs The data patch area is placed somewhere in the range 0xa0000000 to 0xb0000000 if space is available otherwise it is placed anywhere NightView can find room The text patch area is placed in a manner similar to the data patch area On Linux NightView tries to put all the patch areas between 0xa0000000 and 0xb0000000 You can see where NightView has placed patch areas with the info memory command see info memory on page 7 132 The user process is sometimes forced to execute code on behalf of the debugger This is how function calls work in evaluated expressions and it is also used to do some of the housekeeping chores e g creating memory regions Performance Notes F Performance Notes Debug Agent Performance The performance of the debug agent see Debug Agent on page 3 19 is affected by the operations it is asked to perform and by whether NightView is able to tell whether the memory locations accessed by such operations are valid or not Reading from or writing to memory locations that NightView already knows are valid addresses takes much less time than if the locations are not known to NightView Some examples of locations not known to NightView are addresses in the h
179. See frame on page 7 114 gt This key is similar to using the frame command with no arguments See frame on page 7 114 e This key is similar to selecting the Edit item in the Source menu See Debug Source Menu on page 9 23 This key is disabled in disassembly display mode P This key performs the same action as the Print button in the debug command but tons area See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 b This key performs the same action as the Breakpoint button see Debug Com mand Buttons on page 9 39 Debug Command Buttons The debug command buttons let you control one or more processes by clicking with mouse button 1 See Understanding the Debug Window on page 9 12 Some buttons may be disabled dimmed under certain circumstances If the Debug Window is in single process mode button activated commands apply only to the currently displayed process See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 If the Debug Window is in group process mode button activated commands apply to each of the processes represented in the debug group area list See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 You can use the View menu item Display Command Buttons to display this area or to hide it from view See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 Resume Clicking on this button is similar to using the resume command with no argument See resume on page 7 104 Step Clicking on this button is similar to using t
180. Use it to remove breakpoint 1 Tutorial Solution You should enter one of parent delete 1 parent dl Setting Conditional Breakpoints It is often useful to suspend execution conditionally Exercise Read about the breakpoint command Set a breakpoint on the line that displays how long the parent is sleeping in parent routine the breakpoint should suspend execu tion when the value of i sec equals the value of total_sig Solution For the C program you should enter one of parent breakpoint 16 if isec total_sig parent b 16 if isec total_sig For the Fortran program you should enter one of parent breakpoint 17 if isec eq total_sig parent b 17 if isec eq total_sig For the Ada program you should enter one of parent breakpoint 15 if isec total_sig parent b 15 if isec total_sig For the C program NightView responds with local 15625 Breakpoint 7 set at parent c 16 For the Fortran program NightView responds with local 15625 Breakpoint 7 set at parent f 17 For the Ada program NightView responds with local 15625 Breakpoint 7 set at parent a 15 4 23 NightView User s Guide Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint 4 24 Sometimes you won t want to monitor each iteration of a loop For example assume that a loop runs many times and somewhere during the loop an error occurs You could ignore the first half of the loop values to determine in which half of the iterations th
181. View Process local 13504 exited normally Process local 15625 exited normally Dialogue local has exited 4 33 NightView User s Guide 4 34 Tutorial GUI 5 Tutorial GUI This is the tutorial for the graphical user interface GUI version of NightView Night View s graphical user interface runs only on X servers For more information about the graphical user interface see Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 You may also be interested in the command line version of this chapter in Chapter 4 Tutorial on page 4 1 There is a much shorter tutorial in Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI on page 2 1 About the Tutorial GUI This tutorial shows only the most common debugger commands and features It expects you to know the basics about window system concepts processes and signals but you do not need to know about NightView and debugging concepts The supplied tutorial program spawns a child process The parent writes a message to std out sleeps sends signal SIGUSR1 to the child and loops The child writes a message to stdout when it receives the signal Become familiar with the tutorial s source code see Chapter G Tutorial Files on page G 1 or the files under the usr lib NightView Tutorial directory The source files are C Fortran Ada msg h Defines constants main c main f main a Forks a child and calls other rou tines parent c parent f parent a Sends signals to the child child c
182. View has no way to know what the value was immediately before the instruc tion executed You can approximate Swas by adding some code to your conditional expression However note that this picks up the old value only when the watchpoint is triggered and that there are circumstances described below that can change the value without triggering the watchpoint Example This example code assumes the current language is C Suppose you want the process to stop if the old value was 1 Set the condi tion on the watchpoint to this expression Swuz Sprev Sprev Sis wuz Set these convenience variables before resuming the process set wuz 0 set Sprev 0 set local wuz set local prev A watchpoint condition is evaluated relative to the global scope of your program The lan guage of the condition is controlled by your current language setting If the setting is auto then the condition is evaluated in the language of the main program Unlike other eventpoints a watchpoint is not associated with a code location A watch point is not an inserted eventpoint See Eventpoints on page 3 8 You can have multiple watchpoints per process but there is a limit on the number of watchpoints that can be enabled at one time If the target system is a PowerPC at most one watchpoint can be enabled at a time If the target system is an Intel IA 32 system at most 4 watchpoints can be enabled at a time A watchpoint can be set only on a program e
183. Window See Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 The value history is a list of values you have printed in your NightView session You can view this list and you can reference the values in other expressions See Value History on page 3 33 A watchpoint stops the process when the process reads or writes a variable in memory See Watchpoints on page 3 11 family or name argument 7 43 7 83 list argument 7 61 7 62 Symbols 1 3 3 5 4 11 7 30 7 33 7 51 7 144 texit 7 27 comment 7 2 7 4 7 53 7 71 prompt 1 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 7 4 S 7 6 S_ 7 6 Scope 3 25 3 26 3 27 7 7 7 55 7 68 7 114 7 115 7 128 Sfp 7 7 7 114 7 128 Sis 7 7 Spe 3 21 3 25 3 27 7 7 7 74 7 115 Ssp 7 7 Swas 3 12 7 7 amp 3 23 4 7 5 7 7 13 7 33 7 137 local prompt 1 3 4 4 source line decoration 7 68 list argument 7 61 7 62 7 15 input terminator 7 30 7 51 NightViewrc file 3 34 7 26 7 28 7 29 profile file 3 7 disabled eventpoint modifier 7 83 Glossary 5 etc conf sdevice d ipc file A 1 proc 3 3 3 18 3 19 3 21 3 38 E 1 Tutorial 4 3 usr lib NightView Tutorial 5 3 usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug 1 3 2 3 3 8 4 4 5 4 usr ucb rsh 3 3 lt source line decoration 7 68 lt 7 135 9 63 list argument 7 61 source line decoration 7 67 key 9 39 gt prompt 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 141 gt source line decoration 7 67 Index
184. a control panel for program input and output See the NightProbe User s Guide 0890465 for more information NightSim Scheduler Mnemonic S Opens the NightSim Application Scheduler NightSim is a tool for scheduling and monitoring real time applications which require predictable repetitive process execution With NightSim application build ers can control and dynamically adjust the periodic execution of multiple coordi nated processes their priorities and their CPU assignments See the NightSim User Guide 0890480 for more information 9 33 NightView User s Guide Debug Help Menu NightTrace Analyzer Mnemonic T Opens the NightTrace Analyzer NightTrace is a graphical tool for analyzing the dynamic behavior of single and mul tiprocessor applications NightTrace can log application data events from simulta neous processes executing on multiple CPUs or even multiple systems and can com bine these application events with kernel events to present a synchronized view of the entire system NightTrace allows users to zoom search filter summarize and analyze events in a wide variety of ways In addition NightTrace allows users to manage user and kernel NightTrace daemons providing the user with the ability to start stop pause and resume execution of any of the daemons under its manage ment See the NightTrace Manual 0890398 for more information Mnemonic H This menu provides ways of getting context sensi
185. a command to associate with the eventpoints To end the list of commands type end on a line by itself Each of the commands given is implicitly qualified with the PID of the process associated with the eventpoint In the command line and simple full screen interfaces the prompt changes to gt while you are entering this command See Command Syntax on page 7 1 If the first line given is silent then the usual message that is printed when a breakpoint or watchpoint stops the process will be suppressed Furthermore the silent command will also prevent the current source line from being listed and will prevent any displays from being updated The silent command is valid only when attached to a breakpoint or watchpoint and is useful for breakpoints or watchpoints that are intended only to print a specific message and then resume execution Certain commands such as continue resume and signal once executed will automatically terminate the command stream associated with a set of commands that were attached to a breakpoint or watchpoint using the commands command See continue on page 7 103 resume on page 7 104 and signal on page 7 110 Although you can use the commands command to attach commands to breakpoints monitorpoints or watchpoints the eventpoints specified on the command line must be all of the same type Also note that the commands allowed for monitorpoints are restricted to print c
186. a item has no sub items Regardless of whether the action button has a a or is blank you can click on the action button with mouse button 3 to pop up a menu for the data item See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 If sub items are displayed they are shown with a scroll bar if the number of sub items is more than will fit in the scroll region or if the item is an array If there is a scroll bar there is a small horizontal button at the bottom of the scroll bar You can drag this button to change the size of the scroll region Sometimes you may not be able to drag the button because of constraints on the other data items in the window or because of the size of the window You can also change the size of the scroll region with the data item popup menu You can change the size of scroll regions in this window with the data options menu See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 9 61 NightView User s Guide Expression Data Item An expression data item displays the value of an expression such as a variable The expression is re evaluated whenever the process stops The expression is re evaluated in the context that was current at the time the data item was created or in the context that is current at the time of the re evaluation depending on the setting when you created the data item See Data Window Add Expression on page 9 67 If the value is a C struct or Ada record then the sub items are the members of the struct
187. a program NightView displays 0 0x100108fc in child routine total sig IN integer 10 at child a line 26 0 0x10010578 in parent routine child pid IN pid t 13504 total sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 6 26 procedure child routine total sig integer is 6 procedure parent routine child pid posix 1003 1 pid t total sig integer is local Line 26 is from the child process Line 6 is from the parent process NightView User s Guide NightView tells you when a step command takes you into or out of a subprogram call The lines that begin with 0 announce that you have entered child routine in the child process and parent routine in the parent process Note that the order of the lines displayed may vary Examining the Stack Frames 4 18 It is often helpful to see how you got to a certain point in a program Exercise Read about the backtrace command Use it to display the list of currently active stack frames Solution You should enter one of local backtrace local bt For the C program NightView responds with Backtrace for process local 13504 O 0x10002884 in child routine int total sig 10 at child c line 14 1 0x10002848 in main at main c line 25 Backtrace for process local 15625 O 0x10002944 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 11 1 0x10002854 in main at main c line 31 local For the Fortran program N
188. a regular expression is given it lists only names matching the regular expression The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Print type definition information info types regexp regexp A regular expression to match against type names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 This command prints information about type definitions When the regexp argument is given it prints only type names matching the regular expression otherwise it prints all the types defined in the program The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Describe the result type of an expression visible in the current context info whatis expression Abbreviation whatis expression An expression for which the data type is to be determined See Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 Describe the result type of the expression The expression is not normally evaluated but operations which require run time type determination may require portions of the expres sion to be evaluated If the expression includes the Ada self attribute or the C dynamic _cast lt gt function their operands must be evaluated in order to determine the actual type of the result Describe the storage representation of an expression info declaration info files info line Command Line Interface i
189. ables without stopping a process See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 See Tracepoints on page 3 11 The first inserted eventpoint in a process must be set while the process is stopped See Eventpoints on page 3 8 A watchpoint may be enabled or disabled only when the process is stopped See Watchpoints on page 3 11 In addition to being stopped or running a process may be exiting or terminated or it may be a pseudo process associated with a core file A pseudo process cannot be continued Continuing an exiting or terminated process causes the process to cease existence Debugger Mechanisms NightView has multiple mechanisms it uses to interact with and control your program proc ptrace and the debug agent Which mechanisms are used depends on the kind of target platform and on whether you are using agentpoints The mechanisms are described in the subsections below proc and ptrace On PowerMAX OS the primary debugger mechanism is called proc or procfs which is a file system that allows one program such as NightView to control the execution of another program NightView uses proc whenever you start up a program in a Dialogue see Dialogues on page 3 4 or attach to a running process see Attaching on page 3 3 On PowerMAX OS the proc mechanism provides for comprehensive control of a process including control over what happens when your program is about to get a signal proc can read and write sta
190. acro because it may cause any text following the macro invocation to be ignored In the command line and simple full screen interfaces the prompt changes to gt while you are entering the second form of the define command See Command Syntax on page 7 1 The define command associates a body of text with the given macro name When the macro is invoked see Referencing Macros on page 7 143 the macro name and its actual arguments are replaced by the associated text The text of the macro called the macro body may contain references to other macros in particular they will want to reference their formal arguments A macro may not reference itself either directly or indirectly that is macros cannot be recursive Within the body of a macro each arg name becomes a macro without arguments that expands to its corresponding actual argument Referencing Macros on page 7 143 describes the syntax of macro invocations and actual arguments A macro body should not contain another define command The define command ignores any qualifier supplied for it If the given macro name was previously defined as a macro the new definition replaces the old one If you omit the text in a one line definition or the end define command appears on the line immediately following the define as command any prior definition of macro name is removed Examples local define printhex str x printf The value of s is 0x x n str x
191. act c line 9 2 0x1000271c in factorial int x 3 at fact c line 9 3 Oxl000271c in factorial int x 4 at fact c line 9 4 0xl000271c in factorial int x 5 at fact c line 9 5 0x1000271c in factorial int x 6 at fact c line 9 6 0x1000271c in factorial int x 7 at fact c line 9 7 0x10002784 in main int argc 2 unsigned char argv 0x2ff7eaec at fact c line 26 Now look at the value of the variable x Drag the mouse pointer over the variable x anywhere it appears in the source display Click on the Print button See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 NightView showed that the value of x was equal to 1 You saw the following output in the debug message area See x l Now finish running the program Click on the Resume button See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 This allowed the process to run to completion NightView showed the call to exit 0 in the debug source display and displayed the following message in the debug message area Process local 2347 is about to exit normally NightView displays the following message in the dialogue I O area See Dialogue I O Area on page 9 18 factorial 7 5040 A Quick Start GUI Exit from NightView by selecting the dialogue NightView menu or debug NightView menu See Dialogue NightView Menu on page 9 17 or Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 Click on NightView or use the N mnemonic Click on the Exit Quit NightView menu item or use
192. acts the same as the C language library routine printf 3C with the exception of the n format descriptor As in that routine each print format 1 e substring beginning with and or width specifier in the format string corresponds to one language expression in the specified list The number of language expressions entered must match the number of print formats If a n format descriptor is present in the format string it is considered a syntax error and the printf command is aborted Example local 27 printf The value of var_name d n var_name This example prints The value of var name followed by the decimal value of var name and a newline for the process with PID 27 7 79 NightView User s Guide load vector set Dynamically load an object file possibly replacing existing routines load object object The name of an object file to be loaded into the program object is subject to object filename translations see translate object file on page 7 24 This command dynamically loads the designated object file into the address space of the running program If the loaded file contains any routines which are already defined in the program the entry points of the existing routines are patched to jump directly to the new routines just loaded If there are any active stack frames for old routines the return addresses in the stack still point to the old code New calls made following t
193. ains special characters Wherever a function name appears in a location specifier it may also appear with an over loading suffix to distinguish between multiple functions with the same name see Select ing Overloaded Entities on page 7 2 The names of operator functions in Ada or C may also be used as function names In Ada the operator name must appear in double quotes and in C the keyword operator should be followed by the operator name the same syntax used to declare operator functions in the language Because the function name form of operator functions is always used in location specifiers the only set overload mode which affects location specifiers is the routine mode see set overload on page 7 57 All commands that accept a Jocation spec argument allow the keyword at to precede the location spec In most cases the at keyword is optional but a few commands require it to be present The syntax of each command indicates whether the keyword is required or optional Qualifier Specifiers Qualifiers are used to apply NightView commands to specific processes or dialogues A qualifier is simply a list of qualifier specifiers each specifier representing one or more processes or dialogues You can supply a qualifier explicitly in parentheses as a prefix to the command or implicitly by using the set qualifier command see set qualifier on page 7 49 In a prefix qualifier the list of specifiers is separated by ei
194. al sig 99 2 Y parent a 15 val isec sig ct rem 3 1 4 30 Tutorial Eventpoints for process local 13504 4 B Y main a 25 Crossings 1 hits 1 5 B Y main a 27 6 B Y main a 18 crossings 1 hits 1 parent NightView displays all eventpoints for process local 15625 followed by the event points for process local 13504 Breakpoints 1 2 and 3 were set in Setting the First Breakpoints on page 4 9 Breakpoint 1 has no entry because it was deleted in Removing a Breakpoint on page 4 22 Break points 2 and 3 are still enabled Breakpoint 3 has been crossed once and hit once This means that its line has been executed once and stopped on once When the child process was forked it inherited the parent process s breakpoints The child s breakpoints 4 5 and 6 correspond to the parent s breakpoints 1 2 and 3 The order of the eventpoint numbers for inherited eventpoints is not necessarily the same as in the parent Breakpoint 7 was set in Setting Conditional Breakpoints on page 4 23 and is still enabled note that NightView displays the condition on this breakpoint This breakpoint has been crossed six times without being hit This means that the line has been executed six times but the condition has not been true yet Breakpoint 8 was set in Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint on page 4 24 and was disabled in Disabling a Breakpoint on page 4 28 note that NightView displays the
195. alifier then each tracepoint in each process is assigned a unique tracepoint number It is possible and sometimes useful to set more than one tracepoint at the same location in a process Perhaps there is more than one noteworthy event that takes place at the same location in your program If more than one tracepoint is set at the same location in a glven process then the tracepoints at that location are recorded in the order they were defined Example local 441 115 tracepoint 27 name loop trace sort c 42 This example sets two tracepoints at line 42 of the file named sort c and associates both tracepoints with the name loop_ trace One of the tracepoints is set in process 441 and the other tracepoint is set in process 115 Each of the two tracepoints is assigned a unique tracepoint number The ID of the trace event to trace is given by the number 27 7 89 NightView User s Guide monitorpoint 7 90 Monitor the values of one or more expressions at a given location monitorpoint eventpoint modifier name monitorpoint name lat location spec eventpoint modifier Specifies the monitorpoint modifier See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 name monitorpoint name Gives a name to the monitorpoint for later reference See name on page 7 83 If monitorpoint name is already defined then this command adds the newly created monitorpoints to the list of eventpoints associated with the name location spec
196. alue of sig_ct because of the display command Note that the print total_sig output did not appear if NightView returned your prompt before the commands in the commands command stream completed their output Exercise To see the print total_sig output enter a space and Return You do not need to do this if the output already appeared WARNING If you press Return without the space you will repeat the con tinue command NightView responds with the following 4 total sig 10 parent Patching Your Program You just watched the parent process sleep for 2 seconds between sending signals to the child process Look at how this is done in the source Exercise List the source file for the parent routine so the display is centered around line 13 Solution You should enter one of parent list parent c 13 for the C program 4 27 NightView User s Guide parent 1 parent c 13 for the C program parent list parent f 13 for the Fortran program parent 1 parent f 13 for the Fortran program parent list parent a 13 for the Ada program parent 1 parent a 13 for the Ada program You will notice that the variable isec always has the value 2 Instead you could vary the sleep interval isec by assigning it a value from 1 through 3 based on the signal count sig_ct Hint In C the operator in Fortran the mod function and in Ada the rem operator may be useful Exercise Read about the patchpoint com
197. ame append outname Append the information to outname program The path name of a prospective executable file If no program is given then info on restart prints all existing on restart commands for each dialogue specified by the qualifier If a program path is given then info on restart prints the on restart commands that would be executed if program were run in each dialogue specified by the qualifier See on restart on page 7 41 info exception info threads Command Line Interface If no outname is specified then the output is to the terminal or to the GUI message area info on restart may be used to preserve restart information in a file for use in a later debug session See source on page 7 119 See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 For an example see checkpoint on page 7 42 Print information about Ada exception handling info exception exception name info exception unit name info exception Abbreviation exception exception name Specifies the name of a particular Ada exception unit name Specifies all Ada exceptions defined in the specified unit This command describes the current exception handling settings for the processes specified by the qualifier See handle on page 7 111 With no arguments the current default handling of exceptions is displayed along with the handling of any specific exceptions to which the default is not applicable If an argument is given the handling of those s
198. ame maps onto the floating point opcode register Sfoo or fooff These names map onto the lower 32 bits of the floating point last data operand pointer register They are synonyms Sfos or foseg These names map onto the upper 16 bits of the floating point last data operand pointer register They are synonyms dr0 through dr3 These names map onto the debug address registers NightView uses these registers to implement watchpoints See Watchpoints on page 3 11 Users should not modify these registers Sdr6 This name maps onto the debug status register NightView uses this register to implement watchpoints and single step See Watchpoints on page 3 11 step on page 7 105 stepi on page 7 107 next on page 7 106 and nexti on page 7 108 Users should not modify this register 7 9 NightView User s Guide Sdr7 This name maps onto the debug control register NightView uses this register to implement watchpoints See Watchpoints on page 3 11 Users should not modify this register mmO through mm7 These names map onto the 64 bit vector registers available with Intel MMX Tech nology Note that these registers are aliases of the registers st0 through st7 However the ram0 through mm7 registers are not defined as a stack xmm0 through xmm7 These names map onto the 128 bit vector registers available with the Streaming SIMD Extensions SSE Smxcsr This name maps onto t
199. and Ada programs NightView responds with 3 tracefile msg file local Note that you could have qualified the command with the parent s process ID number instead of the parent family name Returning to a Stack Frame 4 20 You want to return to parent routine Tutorial Exercise Read about the down command Qualify the down command so the current stack frame of the parent process is parent_ routine Solution You should enter one of local parent down local parent do For the C program NightView responds with Output for process local 15625 0 0x10002944 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 11 11 int isec 2 local For the Fortran program NightView responds with Output for process local 15625 0 0x10003a48 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 16 Le do 10 sig ct 1 total sig local For the Ada program NightView responds with Output for process local 15625 0 0x10010578 in parent routine child pid IN pid t 13504 total sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 6 6 procedure parent routine child pid posix 1003 1 pid t total sig integer is local Note it is not meaningful to do a down without doing an up first as you did in section Moving in the Stack Frames on page 4 19 Resuming Execution You want to continue the execution of the child process so that 1t w
200. arate window See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 NOTE In the non graphical user interfaces help is available only for error messages The help command ignores the command qualifier Examples local help Summary of Commands The above example displays the section of the document that contains a brief description of each command local help backtrace Display the description of the backtrace command local help E command_proc003 Display help for the error with error message identifier E command_proc003 Refresh the terminal screen refresh The refresh command clears the terminal screen and redraws it This is helpful when the screen becomes garbled such as with a modem and noisy phone lines shell source Command Line Interface refresh is only useful in the simple full screen interface This command does nothing in the command line interface See Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 1 Run an arbitrary shell command shell shell command The shell command is used to execute a single line in a subshell This command has nothing to do with debugging and the qualifier is ignored It is simply provided because it is sometimes convenient to have a way to execute a shell command without having to suspend or exit the debugger If you just type shell without arguments the debugger puts you in a shell where you can execute arbitrary commands until you exit the shell at which time the debugger will
201. are included with the corresponding commands rather than alphabetically A Quick Start GUI Also remember that you can abbreviate commands by using a unique prefix Pass input to a dialogue agentpoint Insert a call to a debug agent at a given location etc Most of the information would not fit on your display The Help Window showed this by having only a small thumb or slider on the vertical scroll bar Scroll down to the list command by moving the thumb or by clicking on the arrow heads of the vertical scroll bar Click on the list command NightView displayed the following Help Window with information about the list command list List a source file This command has many forms which are summarized below list where spec List ten lines centered on the line specified by where spec list where specl where spec2 List the lines beginning with where spec up to and including the where spec2 line etc To see more about the 1ist command you could move the thumb or click on the arrow heads of the vertical scroll bar However rather than reading more you make the Help Window go away by selecting Exit from the File menu Setting a Breakpoint GUI You now decide where you want to set a breakpoint An interesting spot in this program is the return statement in the recursive routine factorial where it is about to start backing out of the recursive calls Click on the line with the return statement line 7 in the deb
202. area Output for process local 15625 1 0x10003910 in main at main f line 29 For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area Output for process local 15625 1 Ox10010be4 in main at main a line 28 The gt source line decoration in the debug source display indicates that execution will resume there when the called routine returns This source line decoration appears on line 34 of main c line 29 of main f and line 31 of main a The gt source line decoration may appear on different lines depending on which compiler you used The lt source line decoration in the debug source display indicates that this line made a subprogram call which has not yet returned This source line decoration appears on line 31 of main c line 29 of main f and line 28 of main a Verifying Data Values in Other Stack Frames GUI 5 20 From main you can examine local variables run functions etc Exercise Use the Print debug command button to display the value of local variable tracefile in main for the parent process Solution In the debug source display start at one side of any instance of the tracefile variable hold down mouse button 1 drag it across the entire variable name and release Alterna tively you could double click on the variable name Note that this does not work in the C source because double clicking would highlight text delimited by spaces in this case it would highlight the with the variable name
203. art a debug session for a program using NightView as a debug server This functionality is available only in the graphical user interface If you want to disable this mode use noktalk see Chapter 6 Invoking NightView on page 6 1 or set the useKoalaTalk resource to False See Appendix D GUI Custom ization on page D 1 Concepts Limitations and Warnings Setuid Programs Setuid and setgid programs can be run in a dialogue shell If you are the superuser or the owner of the setuid program you may also debug the program Otherwise NightView issues a warning message telling you that it has automatically detached from the process and the program runs without being debugged In this case you also cannot debug any child processes of such a program On PowerMAX OS one or more privileges may be associated with a program These behave in a manner similar to setuid programs If you run NightView with a privilege set that includes the privileges associated with the program you are attempting to debug NightView is able to debug it Otherwise NightView automatically detaches from the process and the program runs without being debugged Note that programs run using the shell command see shell on page 7 119 are not controlled by the debugger and so may run setuid Attach Permissions You are only allowed to attach to processes running as the same user as the dialogue specified on the attach command More precisely the dialogue s
204. ary 6 Interrupt user level 3 36 3 38 Interrupt button 9 18 9 41 9 75 Interrupting the debugger 3 29 3 32 7 92 9 18 9 41 9 75 Interrupts 3 38 Invoking NightStar Tools 9 32 Invoking the debugger 1 2 2 2 3 34 4 3 5 4 6 1 IPC configuration A 1 IPL register 3 38 Job control 3 17 jump 7 109 Justlines interest level 3 17 3 29 7 55 K Kernel configuration A 1 Key Index 13 NightView User s Guide 9 39 gt 9 39 Alt 9 11 b 9 39 Backspace 9 6 Ctrl 9 6 9 11 Ctrl 9 10 Ctrl 9 10 d 9 38 Delete 9 6 e 9 39 End 9 6 9 11 Esc 9 6 9 11 f 9 38 F1 9 2 9 3 9 16 h 9 38 Home 9 6 9 11 N 9 38 n 9 38 p 9 39 Page Down 9 11 Page Up 9 11 r 9 38 Return 4 4 4 8 4 12 4 27 5 5 5 6 5 8 5 9 5 12 5 18 5 19 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 7 18 7 19 7 62 8 1 9 6 9 20 9 43 9 44 9 49 S 9 38 s 9 38 Shift F8 9 10 Shift Tab 9 11 Space 4 4 4 12 Tab 9 11 u 9 38 virtual 9 10 Keyboard activation 9 1 Keyboard focus 9 2 9 5 9 10 Glossary 8 Keyboard selection 9 1 keyboardFocusPolicy resource 9 11 ki11 3 14 kill 7 36 9 19 9 23 Kill button 7 36 9 19 Killing processes 3 16 7 20 7 36 9 19 9 23 1 list 1 4 7 61 Label dimmed 9 47 Language 7 88 7 108 machine 3 1 3 34 Language expression 7 77 7 78 7 79 7 86 Index 14 Language support 1 5 3 21 3 26 4 1 5 1 7 47 7 132 Library dynamically loaded 3 4 3 20 3 39 3 40 7 25 7 132 shared 3 4 3 20 3 39 3 40 7 25 7 132 Library fil
205. as unsigned integers in decimal format Print as unsigned integers in hexadecimal format Print as unsigned integers in hexadecimal format with a display of the corresponding ASCII characters addr expression An expression yielding a memory address see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 The x command prints the contents of memory beginning at the address specified by addr expression in each process specified by the qualifier If an addr expression is not given the address corresponds to the byte following the end of the memory contents printed in the last x command The space between x and may be omitted If repeat count is omitted one memory unit is printed If either size letter or x format letter is omitted the default is the last value used in an x command beginning defaults are w and d respectively If the x command is repeated memory contents are printed using the same repeat count size letter and x format letter as in the previous x command and the beginning address corresponds to the byte following the end of the memory contents printed in the previous command A 0 precedes octal numbers A 0x precedes hexadecimal numbers Thus decimal 64 would appear in hexadecimal as 0x40 and in octal as 0100 The x format letter z produces a hexadecimal display without the leading 0x prefix The character display shows non printable characters replaced by period Here printable is determined by the current locale The
206. at line since the other indicators imply there is executable code for the line a Used only when displaying instructions this character indicates that the associated instruction is the first for the corresponding source line NightView reserves enough columns for displaying a 3 digit line number 2 decoration characters and a 2 character separator If the line number and decorations fit within this space the source text displayed lines up in columns just as it does in the source file If more space is needed for line number or decorations the line is shifted over accordingly In the source listing the 2 character separator is a vertical bar followed by a space This helps distinguish decorations from source characters In the disassembly listing the 2 character separator consists of 2 spaces Example source listing 20 void 21 main argc argv 22 int argc 23 char argv 24 25 int i errors 26 errors 0 240 8 for i 1 i lt argc i 28 long xl 29 int x 30 int answer 31 char ends NULL 32T xl strtol argv i amp ends 10 33 B x int xl 34 B answer factorial x 35 P printf factorial d d n x answer 36 37 exit errors 38 In this example line 32 has a tracepoint set on it line 33 has a breakpoint set somewhere within the line and execution is stopped on the line but not necessarily at the breakpoint Line 34 has a breakpoint set somewhere w
207. at the default language should be Ada auto Indicates that the default language should be determined automatically Indicates that the default language should be C c Indicates that the default language should be C fortran Indicates that the default language should be Fortran The arguments to this command can be in any mixture of upper and lower case For each process specified by the qualifier set language sets the default language used to interpret expressions and variables in commands If a default language has not been established or if the default has been set to auto NightView decides the language in one of two ways If the object file contains DWARF then it contains the language information Otherwise NightView infers the language from the extension the last few characters of the source file name associated with the frame selected when the expression or variable is mentioned The following extensions are recognized a The language is assumed to be Ada c The language is assumed to be C lt C The language is assumed to be C The language is assumed to be Fortran s Although this indicates an assembler source file NightView uses the C lan guage for such files C expressions include nearly all the operators allowed by the assembler plus much more The language determines the meaning of operators and constants in expressions determines the syntax of some kinds of expressions e g C type casts controls
208. ations to show you but it will not show them to you because it is waiting for you to type a command You can press car riage return a few times to see output you are expecting but that can be annoying A full screen interface gives NightView a way to show you output and event notifications as soon as they are available without interfering with your typing The simple full screen interface has the same basic functionality as the command line interface All the commands are the same In fact the simple full screen interface looks a lot like the command line interface The main difference is that NightView has control over the entire screen so it can print output to you while you are at a prompt Using the Simple Full Screen Interface To use the simple full screen interface you should have your TERM environment variable set to the type of your terminal If you are using a full screen editor such as vi 1 you probably have already taken care of this Invoke NightView with the simplescreen option nview simplescreen NightView clears the screen before it writes its welcome message Then the prompt is written to the bottom line and you can type a command NightView does not have control over the terminal while you are executing a she11 com mand so after the command has completed you are asked to press return This gives you a chance to view the command output before NightView redraws the screen See shell on page 7 119 The simp
209. aximum number of shared memory clicks system wide may need to be increased IPC On PowerMAX OS make sure the ipc module is configured etc conf sdevice d ipc SHMMNI On PowerMAX OS check the maximum number of shared memory identifi ers system tunable using the idtune 1M utility The following information about the particular memory regions used by NightView is supplied only to aid in fine tuning of the memory parameters Regions on the local system A 1 NightView User s Guide Communications among processes which make up the debugger One shared memory region per invocation of NightView Regions on the target system Debug agent One shared memory region for each process using a debug agent See Debug Agent on page 3 19 The shared memory identifier for this region exists as long as the process is running Monitorpoints One shared memory region per invocation of NightView on each target system that is using monitorpoints See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 processes Each invocation of NightView uses at least one process on the local system The target system uses two processes per dialogue not including the processes being debugged On PowerMAX OS the maximum number of processes on the system NPROC tun able and the maximum number of processes per user MAXUP tunable may need to be increased for the local and target systems ptys NightView uses one pty per dialogue on the target system
210. ay on page 9 37 If there is no source file displayed then this field shows No Source File If NightView cannot find the source file this field shows Cannot find filename If the source display area is in disassembly display mode this field shows information about the region displayed such as Function main 9 35 NightView User s Guide Debug Status Area 9 36 This area shows the status of the currently displayed process Here are the values that this field may have About to exit The process hit the exit breakpoint See Exited and Terminated Processes on page 3 17 Calling function The process is executing to evaluate a function call Exited The process has exited See Exited and Terminated Processes on page 3 17 This status does not normally appear because the process is removed from the Debug Window when the process exits Finish frame The process is executing until a designated instance of a subprogram returns to its caller See finish on page 7 108 New process This process has just been created by a fork call in the parent process The process is stopped See Multiple Processes on page 3 2 Running The process is currently executing Stepping The process is executing because of a stepping command See step on page 7 105 Stopped after finish The process has completed a finish command See finish on page 7 108 Stopped after step The process has finished a
211. b NightView fact c into your own directory The following program is in the file fact c 2 1 NightView User s Guide 1 include lt stdio h gt 2 3 static int factorial x 4 int x 5 6 if x lt 1 7 return 1 8 else 9 return x factorial x 1 10 11 12 13 void 14 main argc argv 15 int argc 16 char argv 17 18 int i errors 19 for i 1 i lt argc i 20 long xl 21 Int 205 22 int answer 23 char ends NULL 24 xl strtol argv i amp ends 10 25 x int xl 26 answer factorial x 27 printf factorial d d n x answer 28 29 exit 0 30 The remainder of this chapter assumes that you compiled fact c and put the resulting executable in fact cc g o fact fact c Starting Up GUI 2 2 You can start NightView with or without a program name If you start it with a program name NightView offers you the chance to debug the program in a dialogue shell see Dialogues on page 3 4 If you start NightView without a program name or you want to debug another program you must execute the program in the dialogue I O area see Dialogue I O Area on page 9 18 The dialogue I O area is labeled Dialogue 1 O Run your programs in this shell Below is an example of starting up the debugger with a program name Note that throughout the quick start the version and the link time might not match exactly for your version of NightView Also so
212. be executed the next time the patchpoint is hit then never executed again unless explicitly enabled See enable on page 7 97 tpatch name patchpoint name at location spec goto location spec Overwrite an instruction in the program with a branch that will only be taken once Subsequent execution will ignore the patchpoint and execute the original instruction name patchpoint name Patchpoints are assigned event numbers and the name syntax as well as the name command see name on page 7 83 may be used to give them names See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 7 99 NightView User s Guide watchpoint 7 100 at location spec Specify the exact point in the program to execute the patchpoint See Loca tion Specifiers on page 7 12 The patchpoint is executed immediately prior to any existing code at this location If location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 eval expression This variant of the patchpoint command specifies an expression to insert in the program at the designated location spec Ada C and C programmers should note that this is an expression and not a statement therefore it does not end with a semicolon The concept of expression is extended to include assignments and procedure calls in Ada and Fortran See Expression Evalu ation on page 3 21 goto location
213. begin with the word Child come from the child process The debug status area and the debug group area show the status Stopped at break point 8 This means that the process hit breakpoint number 8 For the C program NightView displays something like the following in the debug mes sage area local 15625 at Breakpoint 8 0x10002950 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 16 3 total_sig 10 For the Fortran program NightView displays something like the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 8 0x105d0 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 17 3 total sig 10 For the Ada program NightView displays something like the following in the debug mes sage area local 15625 at Breakpoint 8 0x30324 in parent routine child pid IN integer 13504 total _ sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 15 3 total sig 10 Initial lines show where execution stopped One line shows the value of total_sig from the print command attached to breakpoint 8 Note that the order of the displayed lines may vary 5 28 Tutorial GUI The Data Window shows the value of sig_ct as 6 Patching Your Program GUI You just watched the parent process sleep for 2 seconds between sending signals to the child process Look at how this is done in the source You will notice that the variable isec always has the value 2 Instead y
214. bug Command Line Interface password for user barney Password enter barney s password afamily The above example shows the creation of two new dialogues The first login command starts a dialogue on a machine named fred and logs in as the current user wilma in this example This dialogue is named fred because no explicit name was given The second creates a dialogue on machine fred named fredTIT In this case the user logged into fred is barney The login command is creating a new dialogue so the qualifier has no effect on this command Specify names for programs you wish to debug debug pattern pattern A wildcard pattern matching the name of a program to be debugged Spaces and tabs are not allowed in pattern See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 This command and its inverse see nodebug on page 7 24 allow you to control which programs get debugged The list of programs applies to the individual dialogues specified in the debug command qualifier different dialogues may have different lists of programs to be debugged The debug and nodebug commands work by remembering the list of debug and nodebug commands When a new file needs to be checked to see if it should be debugged the name is first compared to the pattern in the most recent command then the pattern in the next most recent command and so on The first pattern that matches the file name determines what to do with the associated process If the
215. buggers on dialogue command list Now if we create yet another dialogue named benny and jerry then this third dialogue will not automatically debug programs that reside in the directory usr bin but it will debug programs that reside in usr remote and usr local just like the first one did apply on dialogue Command Line Interface local info on dialogue benny and_jerry on dialogue ben do nodebug usr bin end on dialogue Execute on dialogue commands for existing dialogues apply on dialogue The apply on dialogue command allows on dialogue commands to be executed for existing dialogues See on dialogue on page 7 27 For each dialogue specified by the qualifier the on dialogue commands which would match the name of the dialogue are immediately executed on behalf of the dialogue When the debugger automatically creates a local dialogue it does anon dialogue command with a qualifier of local after processing all the initialization files See Initialization Files on page 3 34 Because dialogue local exists before the customization commands in the user s NightViewrc file are interpreted by the debugger the on dialogue command by itself cannot initialize the environment for dialogue local since it only applies to dialogues that will be created after the apply on dialogue command is issued The automatic on dialogue executes any on dialogue commands that refer to dialogue local 7 29 NightView User s Guide
216. but other tasks threads thread processes or LWPs may execute as well If you request evaluation of an expression containing a function call the process is allowed to execute and all LwPs are allowed to run If another LWP hits a breakpoint or stops for some other reason the function call is terminated prematurely and an error message is issued To get a list of the tasks threads thread processes and LWPs in a process see info threads on page 7 135 Miscellaneous Commands help Access the online help system help section 7 117 NightView User s Guide refresh 7 118 section The name of a section in this manual anything in the table of contents You can read any section in this document by giving the section name or a unique prefix of the section name as an argument to the help command If you type help without arguments the help system displays the document section most relevant to the last error you received Type help again to see help on the previous error you received and so on Error message identifiers are section names so you can get help for a specific error by giving the help command with the error message identifier An error message identifier beginning with E is printed with each error message See Errors on page 3 30 In the non graphical user interfaces help prints to the terminal In the graphical user interface help uses another program to display the documentation in a sep
217. cal 15625 Patchpoint 9 set at parent c 16 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Patchpoint 9 set at parent f 17 For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Patchpoint 9 set at parent a 15 Disabling a Breakpoint GUI 5 30 You want to run msg to completion without stopping at breakpoint 8 Exercise Disable breakpoint 8 set in section Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 25 Solution You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Summarize Change NightView displays the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box Exercise Read about the Disable button in Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change Dialog Box on page 9 49 Use it to disable the breakpoint Solution Select breakpoint 8 from the eventpoint list and click on the Disable button The eventpoint list shows that breakpoint 8 is disabled NightView also displays the fol lowing message below the eventpoint list Disabled 1 eventpoint 8 Exercise Make the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box go away Tutorial GUI Solution In the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box you should click on the Close button NightView closes the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box Examining Eventpoints GUI You want to examine the types locations and statuses of the eventpoints you have set in msg Exercise Change to gro
218. case insen sitive Either the upper case or the lower case form of an alphabetic character will match both the upper and lower case form of that same character Set the mode for editing commands in the simple full screen interface set editor mode mode One of emacs gmacs or vi Determine which kind of keystroke commands are available to edit commands in the sim ple full screen interface See Editing Commands in the Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 2 Control how NightView displays disassembled instructions set disassembly flavor att intel symbols off on flavor att intel Set the flavor of disassembly to the att style or the intel style This is ignored if the target system is not an Intel IA 32 system The default flavor is att The att flavor is the one used by the standard RedHawk tools The intel flavor is the one described in the 4 32 Intel Architecture Soft ware Developer s Manual For a discussion of the differences in the two fla vors enter this command in a shell outside of NightView info gas Machine Dependencies i386 Dependent symbols off on Command Line Interface Indicate whether each line of the disassembly should include the name of the routine being disassembled If this is set to on lt routine offset gt is appended to each address where routine is the name of the routine being disassembled and offset is the offset in bytes from the beginning of routine If this is set to
219. ccoccoccoccooc 9 68 Data Window Call Stack Frames 0 0 eee eee ee eee 9 69 Data Window Copy Expression 0 0c c eee eee eee ees 9 69 Data Window Default Label Columns 0 00002 ee eee 9 69 Data Window Default Scroll Lines 0 0 0 0 eee eee eee 9 69 Data Window Edit Expression 000 cece cece eee ees 9 70 Data Window Expand Tree 0 0 cette 9 70 Data Window Label Columns 00 e eee eee eee eee 9 70 17 NightView User s Guide Data Window Move Expression 0 00 0c cece eee teen en eee 9 70 Data Window Move Local VariablesS o o0oooooomommoo 9 71 Data Window Move Registers 00 cece eee cece ete eens 9 71 Data Window Move Stack 1 0 00 cece eee ene 9 71 Data Window Move Threads 00 0c cece cette eee 9 71 Data Window Pointer Array Dimension 0 00 cee eee 9 72 Data Window Save Snapshot 0 20 2 0 0 cece cece tenes 9 72 Data Window Scroll Lines 2 0 000s cece cee eee 9 73 Data Window Subscript Array 00 9 73 Data Window Subscript Enum Array 00 0 c eee eee ee eee 9 73 Data Window Text Query 0 2 0 0 ccc cent nee 9 73 Data Window Value Query 0 0 cece ccc teen eens 9 73 Global Window 43 2 i235 A ee ES 9 74 Global Menu Bar nt 9 74 Global NightView Menu 0 0 0 c eee cee tenes 9 74 Global Tools Menu ss 00 cece cc ett E 9 74 Global H
220. ce event Once set this field cannot be changed Choose an action button Click on OK to set or change the eventpoint The dialog box is dismissed Click on Delete to delete an existing eventpoint The dialog box is dismissed This button is disabled dimmed if this is a new eventpoint Clicking on Cancel cancels the action and closes this dialog box You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help The dialog box is not dis missed If you are setting a new eventpoint or deleting an existing one you see the source line decoration change NightView displays a message in the Debug message area to tell you if the eventpoint was set If you make an error while entering data NightView may display an error dialog box and allow you to re enter the data See Error Dialog Box on page 9 16 Other warnings or errors associated with setting or changing this eventpoint are displayed in the debug message error See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 You can use the info eventpoint command to check the eventpoint settings See info eventpoint on page 7 121 Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change Dialog Box This dialog box pops up when you use the Debug Window s Eventpoint menu to select the Summarize Change item See Debug Eventpoint Menu on page 9 26 If the Debug Window is in single process mode it shows you a summary of existing eventpoints for the process If the Debug Window is in group process mode the Qualif
221. cece cette ene C 10 Defining and Using Macros 0 cece ect ne teen nee C 10 Contents Appendix D GUI Customization Application Resources 0 00 cece cette teen a E EE D 1 NightStar Resources 0 0 cece cect e teens D 1 Using NightStar Resources 2 2 2 0 cece cee eens D 2 NightStar Font Resources 00 eect eee nes D 3 NightStar Color Resources unnn unanunua eaae D 4 Night View Resources cia ornan a eine ata anata A ORAR D 5 Font Selection vs A ee SE ee D 7 Color Selection Wet telah al at Bhat I D 7 Monochrome Display 00 cee cece tte e teens D 8 Color Display eiia ema a cena etn eke ct he ts Sond ean Re Se ore RES Bed D 8 Window Geometry cereo ocd FAA ee eee oo ee A D 8 Widget Hierarchy 0 ccc ccc teen teen teen ees D 9 Appendix E Implementation Overview Appendix F Performance Notes Debug Agent Performance 0 0 cece eet en enes F 1 Appendix G Tutorial Files A AA G 1 A EEE ad A A TA E te te a cited G 1 MA A ate hae Big Wie tis A A Ne G 1 Palen Czo Ses aha Aa sooner OO G 2 calida BR Ee ee E G 2 Fortran Files dde Sue E E ER G 3 AMMAN Be te Soe a cS Veo yea cep SEA a etal abe eet no abst ee geen REET G 3 Ps A ae San eee aa at e G 4 Chim He ee seta aces ik Meshes a So SOAR dale ea ene A nee a G 4 A cea Neate AIEE E A EEE BANE S Sole aaah G 5 Ada FIE Setare a e o o p e lato G 6 TAINO 388 e O n o n AE aan ed G 6 JOLI R aTe KOE EEEE
222. cee 9 12 Debug Window Behavior 0 cece cece tenes 9 13 Single Process Mode ek ep ORA E EE EE E teens 9 14 Group Process Modest 9 14 Confirm Exit Dialog Box 00 tte tenes 9 15 Warning and Error Dialog Boxes 0 ce eee cece eens 9 15 Warning Dialog Box 0 cece ect teen eens 9 15 Error Dialog BOX init ian Se et a NS 9 16 Dialogue Window 2 205 5 sce iad oe A Oe BP A aA 9 16 Dialogue Menu Bar 0 eas 9 16 Dialogue NightView Menu 00 00 ce cece teen eee eee 9 17 Dialogue Ment suriri a Pie eS 9 17 Dialogue Tools Menu 0 c cece cent een eee 9 17 Dialogue Help Menu 00 ccc tenets 9 17 Dialogue Identification Area 2 2 cece tenes 9 18 Dialogue Message Area 1 2 00 cece tte t teen tees 9 18 Dialogue W O Ar a ii a ee ee ee a 9 18 Dialogue Interrupt Button 2 0 ect eens 9 18 Dialogue Qualifier Area 1 au 9 19 Dialogue Command Area 1 0 0 ce eect e etn n ene 9 19 Process Summary oo 9 19 Dialogue Window Dialog Boxes 00s c eee eects 9 20 Program Arguments Dialog Box 12 0 0 c cece eee ee eee 9 20 Attach Dialog BOX 00 it E ek SS 9 20 Debug Windows oeeie Li Se eee oe As en ES ES 9 21 Debug Menu Bar 20 ccc tte ttn e enn 9 21 Debug NightView Menu 00 9 21 Debug Process Menu 00 0 cece cee eee cette enn eee 9 23 Deb g Sourcs Ment it BE be A 9 23 Debug Event
223. cess identifier or PID You can get a list of running processes and their PIDs by clicking on the Attach menu item in the Dialogue menu of the Dialogue Window see Dialogue Menu on page 9 17 to bring up the Attach Dialog Box As an alternative you can run the ps 1 program You can use the shell command see shell on page 7 119 to run ps 1 If you want to attach to a process running on another machine you may have to use the remote shell command usr bin rsh to run ps 1 on the right machine Once you have attached to a process you can debug it in the same way you would debug a process started normally from a dialogue An attached process is debugged using proc or ptrace see Debugger Mechanisms on page 3 18 For the security restrictions on attach see Attach Permissions on page 3 37 If the process to which you attach is stopped lt CONTROL Z gt stops a foreground process in most shells then the attach will not take effect until the process is continued from the shell Detaching a process is the inverse of attaching one When you detach a process it starts running independently of the debugger Nothing it does will get the debugger s attention Any children it forks will also be ignored by the debugger You have to explicitly attach to the process again to make the debugger notice it Detaching from an exited or terminated process completely removes the process from the system See Exited and Term
224. cette ees 5 12 Catching up the Child Process GUI 0 0 e cece tenes 5 14 11 NightView User s Guide Verifying Data Values GUI 0 tenes 5 15 Listing the Source GUI 1 cence cette enn 5 15 Entering Functions GUI aii aa Sahn 5 16 Examining the Stack Frames GUI 0 ee cee 5 18 Moving in the Stack Frames GUI 0 eee eee nee 5 19 Verifying Data Values in Other Stack Frames GUI 0 0 00 e ee eee 5 20 Returning to a Stack Frame GUI ouuu ee cee 5 21 Resuming Execution GUI 0 0 cece nent eens 5 22 Removing a Breakpoint GUI 0 ec cee enn 5 22 Setting Conditional Breakpoints GUI 0 00 c eee eee eee 5 24 Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint GUI 00 e eee eee 5 25 Attaching Commands to a Breakpoint GUI 12 02 00 eee eee eee 5 26 Automatically Printing Variables GUI 0 0 0 eee 5 27 Watching Inter Process Communication GUI 0 0 eee eee eee 5 27 Patching Your Program GUI 2 tente e cee ee nee 5 29 Disabling a Breakpoint GUI 0 0 ee cee eee 5 30 Examining Eventpoints GUI 2 0 ec aeee 5 31 Continuing to Completion GUI uss eee nee 5 33 Leaving the Debugger GUI n n nunnu unnan nnne 5 34 Chapter 6 Invoking NightView Chapter 7 Command Line Interface 12 Command Syntax nits ies eke te tw Ade Sale a eh a 7 1 Selecting Overloaded Entities 2 0 0 0 ec eee eee 7 2 Special E
225. ch displayed language expression and memory section The item numbers also may be viewed by entering the info display command see info display on page 7 129 Enable a display item printf Command Line Interface redisplay item number item_number An item number of an item to be enabled in the list of expressions to be printed each time the program stops as specified in previous display com mands see display on page 7 77 The redisplay command enables the specified display items so that they once again print data when the corresponding process stops The redisplay command reverses the effect of the undisplay command The effect of the qualifier on this command is to limit the items to be enabled to only those that occur in the specified processes Item numbers prefix each displayed language expression and memory section The item numbers also may be viewed by entering the info display command see info display on page 7 129 Print the values of language expressions using a format string printf format string expression format_string A string within quotes containing text to be printed and print formats for expressions to be printed expression A language expression see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 printf prints user specified text plus optionally values of language expressions evaluated in the currently defined language for each process specified in the qualifier This command
226. ch mode see set search on page 7 57 Search backwards through the current source file for a specified regular expression reverse search regexp regexp The regular expression to search for No anchored match is implied see Regular Expressions on page 7 15 If regexp is omitted the previous regexp 1s used The search command is applied to the current source file of each process specified by the qualifier The search starts at the last line displayed by the last 1ist command the last place the process stopped or the last place a search was satisfied whichever was most recent and proceeds backward through the file to the beginning In the graphical user interface the search position is not affected by scrolling the source window If the regular expression is found the containing source line is listed This will affect subsequent List commands that specify relative arguments 7 65 NightView User s Guide If the beginning of the file is encountered without finding the regular expression a message is printed indicating the search was unsuccessful For a definition of current source file see list on page 7 61 The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 7 66 Command Line Interface Source Line Decorations When NightView lists source lines in your program or displays the disassembled instructions of your program it precedes each line
227. child data sig_ct_ child 0 sig_ct_child sig _ct_ child 1 return end C routines to provide simple Fortran interfaces to some system services so that the tutorial works the same way on different systems E include lt signal h gt include lt unistd h gt int ftfork_ int status fork return status int ftpause_ int status pause return status typedef void sig handler int int ftsignal int signum sig handler handler int status int signal signum handler return status int ftsigusrl return SIGUSRI1 NightView User s Guide Ada Files main a parent a G 6 AANA OFWNHRrFDWWO WAI HDAOLPWN FP child 20 21 22 23 24 29 26 2al 28 29 30 31 This program spawns a child process and sends signals from the parent to the child with child routine with parent_routine with text_io with posix 1003 1 procedure main is pid posix 1003 1 pid t total_sig integer tracefile constant string msg file buffer string 1 80 last natural begin text_io put_line How many signals should the parent send the y text jo get_line buffer last total sig integer value buffer 1 last pid posix 1003 1 fork if pid 0 then It s the child child_routine total_sig else It s the parent parent_routine pid total_sig end if end main Every time the parent s
228. child f child a Receives signals from the parent ftint c Provides Fortran interfaces to system services This tutorial takes at least two hours to do Each section must be performed in order If you do not have two hours you may want to see Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI on page 2 1 Exercises in this tutorial tell you to do things and ask you questions Make the most of this tutorial and the manual follow the steps below 1 Look up the information 2 Try to figure out the answer on your own 5 1 NightView User s Guide 3 Apply the provided solution in the correct window Warning Perform the solutions exactly as indicated or your results may differ from those provided in later steps of the tutorial Do not do anything until you see the words you should in the tutorial You do not need to follow cross references in this tutorial unless you are explicitly told to read them Sometimes NightView displays a status so briefly that it seems to flash before being replaced by another status This tutorial documents only the last status displayed This tutorial often displays process IDs Your process IDs will probably differ from those shown Also the tutorial displays hexadecimal addresses The addresses for your pro gram may differ from those shown Additionally the line breaks in your output may differ from those shown because the lengths of displayed data items may vary The code produced when you create your pr
229. ckground resource D 4 outputForeground resource D 4 Overloading 3 25 Glossary 8 p print 1 5 7 70 P source line decoration 7 67 p key 9 39 Packages Ada 3 35 Page Down key 9 11 Index 17 NightView User s Guide Page Up key 9 11 Pane 9 12 Parent process 4 14 4 15 5 13 5 14 9 21 Patch Glossary 8 patch area Glossary 9 Patchpoint 3 8 3 23 3 38 7 35 7 67 7 68 7 82 Glossary 5 Glossary 9 changing 9 46 clearing 7 93 condition on 3 16 7 87 7 93 7 95 7 122 7 125 9 47 deleting 7 95 9 49 9 51 disabling 7 96 9 47 9 51 displaying 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 124 enabling 7 97 9 47 9 51 hitting 7 125 9 47 ignoring 3 16 7 87 7 93 7 98 7 122 7 125 9 47 Glossary 7 named 3 16 7 83 7 99 9 48 saving 3 16 setting 4 27 5 29 7 80 7 86 7 99 9 46 state 7 125 9 47 temporary 7 99 9 47 patchpoint 3 10 4 27 7 85 7 124 Patchpoint crossing count Glossary 3 Patchpoint Dialog Box 5 29 9 27 9 45 Patchpoints named 7 86 PATH environment variable 3 8 Pattern wildcard 7 17 7 23 7 39 7 42 7 137 9 24 9 44 wildcard examples 7 17 Pattern matching 7 15 7 23 7 24 7 58 7 65 7 133 Glossary 9 Pattern matching examples 7 17 PID 3 3 3 5 3 17 4 7 5 7 5 13 7 14 9 20 Glossary 9 Pipelines 3 2 3 4 Pointer question mark 5 5 9 3 Pointer focus policy 9 10 PowerMAX OS 1 5 3 7 3 14 3 18 3 19 3 21 3 34 3 35 3 37 3 38 6 3 7 113 7 116 9 53 A 1 E 1 PowerPC 1 5 3 12 3 13 7 10 E 1 PowerPC 604 7 1
230. click on Pointer Array Dimension in the Options menu of the Data Window See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 Use the spin box to enter the number of array elements you would like to see for pointers being treated as arrays in this Data Window See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 The initial value for the number of elements is controlled by the X resource dwPointerAsArrayDefaultSize See NightView Resources on page D 5 Click on the check button if you want to change the number of elements displayed for all the existing items in this Data Window Otherwise only future data items use the new number of elements Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Save Snapshot 9 72 This dialog box pops up when you select Save Snapshot in the File menu of the Data Window See Data File Menu on page 9 59 It allows you to select a file in which to save a snapshot of the data window The items are saved at their current level of expansion For example if a struct is shown in the data window but it is not expanded 1 e the members of the struct are not shown then the struct is saved in the snapshot but the members of the struct are not This is a file selection dialog box See File Selection Dialog Box on page 9 8 Select a filename Use the file selection controls to select a file If you double click on a filename in the Files section the OK button is activated Enter comments Enter some comments to
231. command is not intended to be used directly by users Its main use is in restart information See Restart Information on page 3 16 A description of all the 7 76 display Command Line Interface forms of this command is beyond the scope of this document However users may some times have a use for the simplest forms of the data display command described here Add to the list of expressions to be printed each time the process stops display print format letter expression display repeat count size letter x format letter addr expression print format letter A letter specifying the format in which to print the expression as in the print command see print on page 7 70 expression A language expression see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 repeat count Decimal number of consecutive memory units to print where a unit is defined by the size letter and the x format letter size letter A letter specifying the size of each memory unit as described in the x com mand see x on page 7 72 The size letter may appear either before or after the x format letter x format letter A letter specifying the format in which to print the contents of memory as 6609 described in the x command see x on page 7 72 addr expression An expression yielding a memory address see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 The display item list contains language and memory address expressio
232. count However NightView may not display every value saved by the monitorpoint If the monitorpoint location is executed more frequently than NightView can update the Monitor Window you will miss seeing some of the values evaluated by the monitorpoint Note that there may be some delay between the time that NightView reads the values saved by a monitorpoint and the time the values appear on your display Therefore values sampled by different monitorpoints cannot reliably be related in time However you may be sure that all the values sampled by a single monitorpoint were all evaluated at the same time During the course of debugging you may find a small error you would like to fix but you would also like to continue debugging the program without recompiling and relinking The patchpoint command see patchpoint on page 7 85 allows you to patch in a change to the memory image of the process and continue running Note that it does not change the disk copy of the program file recompiling and relinking is the only way to make a permanent change A patchpoint can cause an expression including function calls to be evaluated modify a Tracepoints Agentpoints Watchpoints Concepts variable or cause the program to branch to a new location The load command see load on page 7 80 provides the ability to make larger scale changes by loading in whole object files This feature may be used to replace defective routines or
233. d Entities 7 2 For general information about function and operator overloading see Overloading on page 3 24 The special overloading syntax used in both expressions and location specifiers is always introduced by a number sign character used as a suffix directly following the entity an operator in an expression or a function or procedure name The is followed by addi tional information indicating the specific kind of overload request There are three forms of syntax 1 A number sign followed by a question mark is a query It always makes the com mand it appears in fail but the error message shows all the possible choices for overloading the name or operator even if there is only 1 choice The choices will be numbered starting at 1 and the number may be used to select the specific func tion 2 4 Two number signs in a row act just as if set overload were on for that one name If there is only one possible choice it is used if there are multiple choices the command fails and the error message shows the list Command Line Interface 3 lt digits gt A number sign followed by a number is the syntax used to pick a specific over loaded function or operator from the list printed in the error message In C the function call and subscript operators don t appear in a single location but are spread out with arguments or subscripts between the parenthesis or brackets In these cases the final bracket
234. d mode set to operator on routine off local print a b Warning local 5865 Cannot evaluate argument expression 7 3 NightView User s Guide Reason follows E print cmd007 1 native language operator 2 interval timer a 294 FUNCTION 1 IN time r IN time RETURN time etc Overloaded procedures may also be referenced with similar syntax local set ada text_io putit Hello world Warning local 5865 Unable to evaluate expression ada text io put Hello world Problem follows E set _cmd007 Unresolved overloaded functions or operators 1 phase2 predefined text_io b pp 1247 PROCEDURE text io put file IN file ptr item IN character 2 phase2 predefined text_ io b pp 1269 PROCEDURE text io put item IN character 3 phase2 predefined text_io b pp 1469 PROCEDURE text io put file IN file ptr item IN string 4 phase2 predefined text_io b pp 1491 PROCEDURE text io put item IN string local set ada text_io putit4 Hello world Special Expression Syntax For general information about expression evaluation see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 In addition to the standard language syntax NightView offers a special syntax for referencing convenience variables and variables from other scopes or stack frames The special constructs all start with as shown in the fo
235. d stream Execution of the source command suspends execution of the command stream it appears in and creates a new one that endures until the file is exhausted e Event driven command streams For example commands attached to a breakpoint are an event driven command stream Each instance of hitting a breakpoint creates a new command stream the stream terminates when the commands attached to the breakpoint are finished These non interactive command streams always operate with safety level set to unsafe see set safety on page 7 52 The debugger may interleave the execution of two or more command streams For instance it may execute some of the commands attached to one breakpoint then execute some of the commands attached to a different breakpoint on behalf of a different process then execute more of the commands attached to the first breakpoint The debugger stops executing a command stream if it encounters a serious error such as an unknown command or a badly formed command A less severe error such as a warning about a process not being stopped simply generates an error message but the debugger continues to execute the remaining commands Ifa serious error terminates a command stream and that command stream was created by another command stream then the older command stream is also terminated This goes on until the interactive command stream is reached The interactive command stream is not terminated 3 31 NightView Use
236. d the ienable 2 service PowerMAX OS does not allow you to stop an LWP attached to a user level interrupt Debugging with Shared Libraries NightView provides the ability to debug programs that reference shared libraries but there are a few things you need to know to use this effectively This section describes how NightView interacts with shared libraries Shared libraries are a mechanism that allows many programs to share libraries of common code without duplicating that code in each executable file The executable files for those programs contain the names of the shared library files referenced by that program These references must be resolved before the program can reference data or functions in the libraries When the program first starts executing a routine called the dynamic linker gets control and resolves references to shared libraries However NightView gets control of a process before the dynamic linker executes This is useful for NightView but not very useful for you the user because until the dynamic linker runs you cannot reference any of the data or functions in the shared libraries For instance you could not set a breakpoint in a function residing in a shared library Therefore when NightView detects that the process references shared libraries it lets the dynamic linker execute before giving you control of the process This allows you to debug the entire program without needing to know which parts reside in which sha
237. determine the source line of interest Note that the meaning of these keys does not change between source display mode and disassembly display mode For example s means step one line in both modes The text cursor an I beam cursor can be moved to different locations within this area by using the arrow keys or by pointing to a source line and clicking mouse button 1 s This key is similar to using the step command with no argument See step on page 7 105 S This key is similar to using the stepi command with no argument See stepi on page 7 107 n This key is similar to using the next command with no argument See next on page 7 106 N This key is similar to using the nexti command with no argument See nexti on page 7 108 Y This key is similar to using the resume command with no argument See resume on page 7 104 h Run the process until it reaches the line the source window cursor is on This key is identical to the Run to Here button See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 It combines the actions of breakpoint enable delete and resume f This key is similar to using the inish command See finish on page 7 108 u This key is similar to using the up command with no argument See up on page 7 115 d Graphical User Interface This key is similar to using the down command with no argument See down on page 7 116 This key is similar to using the frame 0 command
238. dialog box that allows you to set a new watchpoint at a given location and apply eventpoint attributes to it See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 See watchpoint on page 7 100 For more information on using the watchpoint dialog box see Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes on page 9 45 Summarize Change Mnemonic U Accelerator Ctrl U Selecting this menu item pops up an eventpoint dialog box that allows you to see a summary of eventpoints and make changes to existing eventpoints See Manipu lating Eventpoints on page 7 82 For information on using the eventpoint summary dialog box see Debug Event point Summarize Change Dialog Box on page 9 49 NightView User s Guide Debug View Menu 9 28 Mnemonic V This menu allows you to change the way you view the contents of the Debug Window Display Group Area Mnemonic D Accelerator Ctrl D This menu item displays a check button which is either set or unset depending on whether the debug group area is displayed or hidden from view See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 The default initial setting is set the debug group area is displayed You can change this setting at any time by selecting this menu item You can change the initial setting by setting the resource displayGroupTog gleButton set The default value of this resource is True See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Display Command
239. display on page 7 76 If anon restart command is created by a checkpoint then in addition to commands to restore eventpoints and other program information there are two macros restart begin hook at the beginning of the commands and restart end hook at the end of the commands Both macros are called with the name of the program being restarted as an argument These macros let you customize restart processing The initial definition of these macros is define restart begin hook program _ name apply on program define restart_end hook program _ name echo This means that on program commands will be applied before any restart processing and nothing will be done afterwards restart_end_hook is defined as echo because there is no way to make an empty macro You can define these macros to be anything you wish See Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 For example you could define restart _ begin hook to be echo to disable the on program processing See on program on page 7 39 Exited and Terminated Processes When a process terminates normally it flushes its 1 0 buffers closes any open files then calls the exit service By default NightView automatically arranges for a process to stop when it calls the exit system service You may alter this behavior with the set exit command See set exit on page 7 45 When a process terminates abnormally it receives a signal which causes the process to stop and NightView t
240. display of characters is framed in and After an x command the convenience variables and __ are set and ready to use in expressions see Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 The convenience variable _ is set to address of the last memory unit examined The convenience variable 1s set to the contents and type of the last memory unit examined Examples local 14544 x 4i Spc 7 B 0x1000271c lt factorial 28 gt li r3 1 7 0x10002720 lt factorial 32 gt lwz r16 0x40 r1 7 0x10002724 lt factorial 36 gt lwz r13 0x58 r1 7 0x10002728 lt factorial 40 gt mtlr r13 For the process with process id 14544 print memory as four machine instructions starting with the address of the current program counter See Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 for a description of the characters at the beginning of each line of this format local x 4wx 0x40a188 output echo Command Line Interface 0x0040a188 0x77767574 0x73727170 Ox6f6e6d6c 0x6b6a6968 local x 8bz 4235656 0x0040a188 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 wvutsraqp local 0x0040a190 6f 6e 6d 6c 6b 6a 69 68 onmlkjih local p _ 4235656 17 4235656 Oxf local p __ 18 104 h Print memory as four words four byte memory units starting at hexadecimal address 0x0040a188 as unsigned integers in hexadecimal format with Ox prefixes Print memory as eight bytes one byte memory units starting at the same address expressed in d
241. dition to the standard resources associated with an X11 or Motif program NightView defines special application resources you can use to customize NightView s appearance and behavior See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 These resources affect the entire NightView graphical user interface they are global to the application There are two categories of application resources used by NightView One set of application resources applies to all products that are part of the NightStar tool set In addition to these NightView has its own application resources NightStar Resources NightView is part of the NightStar tool set To provide a consistent appearance among these tools and to provide an easy way for you to change the default appearance special application resources exist that define fonts and colors They allow you to change one resource instead of many to affect the font or color for a set of window components that have similar characteristics These resources are applied only to certain window components many of NightView s window components are unaffected by the NightStar resources NightView User s Guide For example some textual display areas show only program output and some areas accept input only from you Different colors are used for these areas to distinguish them If you want to change the color for input fields for example you need to change only one resource in NightView s color resource file See NightStar
242. ditional messages might appear depending on your environment Creating a Program 4 2 NightView is mainly used with executables that contain debug information To create such a program compile source files with a particular option and link edit them Exercise Create a directory named nview where you can create files for this tutorial and move into that directory Solution You should enter S mkdir nview cd nview Note do not enter the It is part of the shell prompt Exercise Use the manual to find out what compiler option is necessary for debugging Hint use the index Solution From the index Compiling has this information The g compiler option puts debug information into an executable Tutorial Exercise Decide what language program you want to debug Do not copy the source files from the usr lib NightView Tutorial directory just compile and link these files Make the msg program contain debug information For the Fortran program you should also build the ft int c interface but for this tutorial do not build it with debug information What command or commands did you use Solution For C you should enter cc g o msg usr lib NightView Tutorial c For Fortran you should enter cc c usr 1lib NightView Tutorial ftint c f77 g o msg ftint o usr lib NightView Tutorial f For MAXAda you should enter usr ada bin a mkenv g usr ada bin a path I obsolesce
243. dow has no effect on the processes in the window If this is a Dialogue Window closing the window has the same effect as logging out of the dialogue See Dialogue Menu on page 9 17 Exit Quit NightView Mnemonic X Accelerator Ctrl Q Selecting this menu item causes NightView to exit This has the same effect as the quit command See quit on page 7 20 9 22 Debug Process Menu Graphical User Interface Depending on the safety level see set safety on page 7 52 and whether there are any active processes NightView may display a warning dialog box when you use the Exit menu item See Warning Dialog Box on page 9 15 Mnemonic P This menu is used to perform actions on processes If the window is in single process mode the menu item you select will affect only the currently displayed process See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 If the window is in group process mode then the menu item you select will act on each of the processes in the group area list See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 Detach Kill Debug Source Menu Mnemonic D Selecting this item causes NightView to detach from the currently displayed process if in single process mode or from each process listed in the group area list if in group process mode See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Group Pro cess Mode on page 9 14 See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 This is similar to using the detach co
244. ds are the values of and u respectively Most C expressions are supported with a few exceptions noted below The debugger supports array slices in C See also C Expressions on page 3 23 In function calls and assignments the debugger copies an object by copying the bytes of the object No copy constructor or user defined assignment operator is called These C features are not supported e Exceptions e Templates Operator and function overloading is supported with additional input from the user used to select the desired function See Overloading on page 3 24 A special case form of the dynamic _cast lt gt function is supported You may use dynamic _cast lt gt spelled exactly this way with no type name given as a template argument inside the lt gt This form of dynamic casting will cast an object or a pointer to the actual type of that object as determined by run time type information provided by the compiler Fortran Expressions Overloading All Fortran expressions are supported Fortran subroutines are treated as if they were functions with no return value Fortran assignments are supported except for Concurrent Fortran array assignments The debugger cannot execute statements of any kind except assignments and procedure calls including Fortran 1 0 statements Overloading means that more than one entity with the same name is visible at the same point in the program Overloading is allowed fo
245. e e The specifiers all and auto are evaluated at the time a command is actu ally executed Eventpoint Specifiers Eventpoints may be grouped together and assigned a name see name on page 7 83 In addition the name is a reserved name that always refers to the set of eventpoints most recently created by a single command Eventpoint numbers and eventpoint names are the two different types of eventpoint specifiers Eventpoint specifiers that refer only to breakpoints may also be called breakpoint specifiers tracepoint specifiers patchpoint specifiers agentpoint specifiers monitorpoint specifiers and watchpoint specifiers are similarly defined Regular Expressions A regexp is used by many of the commands to specify a pattern used to match against a set of names like variable names or register names in the info commands Regular expres sions may be case sensitive or case insensitive depending on the set search command see set search on page 7 57 Regular expressions are similar to wildcard patterns but are more flexible Regular expressions and wildcard patterns are used for different things in the debugger see Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 The descriptions of the commands tell if they take a regular expression or a wildcard pattern The regular expression syntax recognized is similar to that recognized by many other common tools but the details as always vary somewhat Table 7 5 Regular Express
246. e You can also enter input to the shell and to your programs This window acts something like a little terminal If your shell lets you do command line editing then you can do that in this window too This is a scrolling area You can use the scroll bar to look at older or newer output You can change the height of this area by moving the sash up or down See Sashes on page 9 12 Dialogue Interrupt Button Clicking on this button interrupts whatever the debugger is doing This is similar to using the shell interrupt character in the command line interface See Interrupting the Debugger on page 3 32 9 18 Graphical User Interface Dialogue Qualifier Area The dialogue qualifier area is a label to remind you that commands entered in the dialogue command area are implicitly qualified by the dialogue associated with this Dialogue Window The label shows the name of the dialogue Unlike the default qualifier in the global qualifier area in the Global Window you cannot change this qualifier Dialogue Command Area The dialogue command area in the Dialogue Window is used to enter NightView commands Like the debug command area in the Debug Window and the global command area in the Global Window all the command line interface commands except for she11 can be entered in the dialogue command area Input to this area is similar to using the command line interface For example you can enter an explicit qualifier followed by
247. e command Enable delete after next hit Valid for breakpoints and watchpoints only You can have the event point be deleted automatically after the next hit This is similar to using the enable delete command Disable You can disable the eventpoint Condition You can attach a condition to this eventpoint or change an existing condition by editing this text input field This is similar to using the condition com mand See condition on page 7 95 If you delete an existing condition the eventpoint becomes unconditional Ignore Count 9 47 NightView User s Guide 9 48 Name You can attach an ignore count to this eventpoint or change an existing ignore count by entering a number in this text input area This is similar to using the ignore command See ignore on page 7 98 The default ignore count is zero and is represented by a blank field When setting a new eventpoint you can assign a name to it by entering text in this text input area The name must consist only of alphanumeric characters and underscores and must begin with an alphabetic character The name may be of arbitrary length This is similar to using the name command See name on page 7 83 You cannot change an existing eventpoint s name using the dialog box Use the name command to change eventpoint names Commands Valid for breakpoints monitorpoints and watchpoints only required to set monitorpoints You can attach commands to
248. e processes specified by the qualifier are disabled see set safety on page 7 52 If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is verify then you are prompted for confirmation before the eventpoints are disabled see Replying to Debugger Questions enable Command Line Interface on page 7 19 If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is forbid then no eventpoints are disabled The effect of the qualifier on this command is to limit the eventpoints disabled to be only those that occur in the processes specified by the qualifier Example local disable 4 local 115 441 disable calvin local 549 disable 8 hobbes 12 14 The first example disables eventpoint number 4 in the processes specified by the default qualifier The second example disables the eventpoints associated with the name gt calvin in process 115 and in process 441 The third example disables the eventpoints associated with the name hobbes and disables eventpoints numbered 8 12 and 14 in process 549 Enable an eventpoint for a specified duration enable once delete eventpoint spec once Specify whether the given eventpoints are to be enabled once only and then immediately disabled after the next time they are hit There need not be a space between the command name and the delete Valid only for breakpoints and watchpoints Specify whether the given break points and watchpoints are to be enabled once on
249. e 3 1 licences 6 3 License manager 6 3 Lightweight Process 3 35 3 39 7 108 7 116 7 135 9 63 Limits addresses 7 130 expression 7 130 Line decorations 2 5 2 6 4 8 4 10 4 11 4 14 4 17 5 7 5 10 5 11 5 13 5 14 5 18 5 20 5 21 5 25 5 30 7 62 7 67 7 105 7 106 9 25 9 37 9 40 9 41 Line number printing 7 139 Linking 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 3 7 89 dynamic Glossary 5 Linux 3 18 3 35 6 3 7 14 7 116 9 35 9 53 A 1 E 2 Glossary 11 list 1 4 3 35 4 8 4 10 7 18 7 60 7 61 7 63 7 65 List function names 7 137 List mode 9 37 List selection policy Browse 9 9 Extended 9 10 9 19 9 51 Multiple 9 10 9 19 Single 9 9 List source file 4 8 4 10 7 61 List source file names 7 137 load 3 11 7 25 7 80 local dialogue 1 3 2 3 3 5 4 4 6 1 7 1 7 40 with on dialogue 7 28 7 29 Local system 3 6 A 1 Local variable 3 20 7 5 7 76 9 31 9 62 printing 7 136 Location in executable program 7 12 printing 7 49 7 137 Location specifier 7 12 9 26 9 40 9 41 9 45 9 46 9 48 9 50 Location Specifiers 3 25 Log dialogue 7 32 Log file 7 47 7 121 Logging session 7 47 login 3 7 7 21 Logout 7 26 logout 7 26 9 17 LWP 3 35 3 39 7 108 7 116 9 63 M source line decoration 7 67 Machine language 3 1 3 34 Macro 3 17 3 32 7 18 7 30 7 140 Glossary 8 actual arguments 7 143 argument 7 140 7 143 definition 7 141 example 7 18 formal arguments 7 140 7 143 printing 7 145 recursion 7 141 referencing 7 143 replacing
250. e Debug Window s NightView menu Use it to leave the debugger Solution You should click on the NightView menu of any window Select Exit Quit Night View Neither process has completely exited so NightView puts up a warning dialog box asking the following question Kill all processes being debugged Exercise Make the processes go away Solution In the warning dialog box you should click on the OK button All windows are removed Tutorial GUI 5 35 NightView User s Guide 5 36 Invoking NightView 6 Invoking NightView This section describes how to start a NightView session You can start NightView without any arguments at all if you wish The arguments available on the NightView command line control the initial state of the debugger and optionally allow you to specify the first program to be debugged The command line to invoke NightView looks like this nview attach pid editor program help ktalk nogui noktalk nolocal nx prompt string safety safe mode simplescreen version Xoption x command file xeditor program name corefile name attach pid Attach to the process specified by pid in the local dialogue This is similar to using the attach command See attach on page 7 35 This option is not meaningful with nolocal editor program Use program to edit source files See Edit on page 9 25 This option is valid only in
251. e a loca tion specifier into this field See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 Watch points are not associated with a location so no watchpoints will match if you enter a location specifier If you want NightView to fill in the location field with a location specifier that corresponds to the location of the text insertion cursor in the source display area press the Update button next to the location field See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 The location field is a text input area Choose eventpoint name If you want to see a list of eventpoints that have a certain name enter the name in this field If the name field is blank NightView shows you all eventpoints in the process regardless of any name taking into consideration your other list specifica tions The name field is a text input area Qualifier The qualifier is displayed to remind you that this list of eventpoints applies to the process or processes represented by this qualifier See Qualifier Specifi ers on page 7 13 Update the list The Update List button updates the list of eventpoints and the qualifier that represents them Press this button whenever you want to see the current list of eventpoints and their status for the Debug Window s current qualifier The list of eventpoints is automatically updated when you change an event point by using this dialog box The list is not updated if you create new event points or type in commands
252. e error occurred Exercise Read about the ignore command Set a breakpoint command on the line that dis plays how long the parent is sleeping in parent routine NightView has a predefined name for the most recently set breakpoint For more information about this name see Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 Use this name on an ignore command on this line in parent routine ignore the next five iterations Solution For the C program you should enter parent breakpoint 16 parent ignore 5 or parent b 16 parent ig 5 For the Fortran program you should enter parent breakpoint 17 parent ignore 5 or parent b 17 parent ig 5 For the Ada program you should enter parent breakpoint 15 parent ignore 5 or parent b 15 parent ig 5 For the C program NightView responds with local 15625 Breakpoint 8 set at parent c 16 Will ignore next 5 crossings of Breakpoint 8 in local 15625 For the Fortran program NightView responds with local 15625 Breakpoint 8 set at parent f 17 Will ignore next 5 crossings of Breakpoint 8 in local 15625 For the Ada program NightView responds with local 15625 Breakpoint 8 set at parent a 15 Will ignore next 5 crossings of Breakpoint 8 in local 15625 Attaching Commands to a Breakpoint Tutorial You can attach arbitrary NightView commands to a breakpoint They run when that partic ular breakpoint is hit Exercise
253. e left or right respectively Home moves the cursor to the beginning of the line of text End moves the cursor to the end of the line of text Return completes the text entry Backspace deletes the character before the text cursor Delete deletes the character following the text cursor Combo boxes combine a text input area and a drop down list see Text Input Areas on page 9 5 You can see the list by clicking on the downward pointing arrow next to the text input area You may then select any item in the list The selected item replaces the text in the text input area You may then edit that text and enter it if desired You can also use the keyboard to manipulate the combo box Use the up arrow or down arrow to replace the text with the next item in the list without displaying the list Display the list by holding down CTRL and pressing the up arrow or the down arrow When the list is displayed you can move within the list with up arrow and down arrow Hide the list by pressing Esc NightView uses combo boxes to provide access to the command history and to select some settings for the Data Window See GUI Command History on page 9 12 See Data Window on page 9 58 Spin boxes let you enter a number either by typing into the text area by clicking on the arrow buttons or by pressing the arrow keys The Global Dialogue and Debug windows each have an output area that displays Graphical User Interface messages pertai
254. e or more tracepoints possibly disabled are set within this source line When displaying instructions this indicates a tracepoint immediately preced ing this instruction see tracepoint on page 7 88 Indicates that execution is stopped somewhere within or at the beginning of this line When displaying instructions this indicates the instruction at which execution is stopped the one that will next be executed Indicates the line or instruction in the current frame see frame on page 7 114 where execution will resume when the called routine returns This decoration is not displayed if the current frame is frame 0 with no hidden frames below frame 0 in this case the decoration will appear in its place 7 67 NightView User s Guide 7 68 Indicates the line or instruction in the current frame see frame on page 7 114 which was executing when the called frame was created i e Scpc See Program Counter on page 3 25 This decoration is not displayed if the current frame is frame 0 with no hidden frames below frame 0 in this case the decoration will appear in its place Indicates that this source line corresponds to executable code A line that appears executable may still not have executable code associated with it because of optimi zation or conditional compilation Not used when displaying instructions This decoration is not displayed if there are any other indicators also on th
255. e program slightly to insert calls to a special Debug Agent see Debug Agent on page 3 19 This can be useful for some real time programs NightView can insert the necessary code in your process for you using the agentpoint command See agentpoint on page 7 92 These inserted calls are called agentpoints A watchpoint stops your program when a particular area of memory is read or written This is most useful in determining when a variable or other program element is being changed to a bad value during execution You could set a watchpoint on the variable and then the program would stop whenever the variable is modified Watchpoints are set with the watchpoint command See watchpoint on page 7 100 Often you know what the bad value is If so you can set a condition on the watchpoint so that the program will stop only when the variable is changed to the bad value The condi tion is evaluated after the instruction that triggers the watchpoint has completed Night View provides two process local convenience variables is and Swas that are useful in watchpoint conditional expressions See Convenience Variables on page 3 33 Sis contains the value of the variable or other program element after the instruction that trig NightView User s Guide 3 12 gers the watchpoint has completed Swas contains the value of the variable before the instruction began NOTE Swas is not available on an Intel A 32 target Night
256. e specified following the delay keyword If you tell it to wait zero milliseconds it updates the monitor window as fast as it possibly can All of the mcontrol parameters allow you to control various aspects of the monitor display window see Monitor Window on page 3 29 You may not combine parameters on the mcontrol command Only one keyword may be used in one invocation of the command The command qualifier is only used when the display or nodisplay keywords are used to specify a list of monitorpoints Insert a call to a debug agent at a given location agentpoint eventpoint modifier name agentpoint name lat location spec eventpoint modifier Specifies the agentpoint modifier See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 name agentpoint name Gives a name to the agentpoint for later reference See name on page 7 83 If agentpoint name is already defined then this command adds the newly cre ated agentpoints to the list of eventpoints associated with the name location spec Specifies the agentpoint location See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 clear Command Line Interface If location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame Once an agentpoint is installed a call to a special debug agent see Debug Agent on page 3 19 will be executed each time control reaches location spec in the program After the debug agent is executed the
257. e syntax is not described here consult the reference manuals for the language for that information One important point to note is that the debugger may not always precisely follow the NightView User s Guide Ada Expressions 3 22 language semantics when evaluating an expression In particular the results of a floating point expression evaluated by the debugger may not be bit for bit identical to the results the same expression would give if it were compiled and executed in your program See Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 A program written in multiple languages may define identical names for different global objects NightView looks first for the name as defined in the language of the current context see Context on page 3 26 If there is no current context it uses the current language setting to determine which symbols to look at first see set language on page 7 47 The debugger can evaluate arithmetic or logical expressions essentially anything that may appear on the right hand side of an assignment The debugger cannot declare new variables In general the debugger cannot execute statements it can only evaluate expressions For Ada and Fortran the concept of an expression is extended to assignment Assignment is an expression in C and C In some ways the debugger is more flexible than the compiler The debugger usually allows you to evaluate expressions or assign new values to variables with
258. e used in any of your code If you specify nostop noprint and pass for a signal then the system will deliver the signal to the process normally and bypass the debugger This avoids any performance penalty to your program if it makes frequent use of signals Signals may cause somewhat different behavior when you are single stepping your program see Controlling Execution on page 7 102 Ifa signal occurs while you are single stepping NightView s reaction depends on whether you specified stop or nostop and pass or nopass in the handle command see handle on page 7 111 The four possible combinations are explained below nostop pass The single step operation continues but the signal will be passed to the program If you have a signal handler in your program it will be executed without single step ping When the handler finishes executing single stepping will be resumed until it is complete or another signal occurs nostop nopass The signal has no effect other than temporarily interrupting execution The single step operation continues until it is completed or another signal occurs stop pass The single step operation is terminated and the process is stopped If you issue another single step command or a continue command or a resume command with no argument the signal is passed on to the process when it resumes execution stop nopass The single step operation is terminated and the process is stopped The si
259. eakpoint 0 0 ect eent teenies 4 22 Setting Conditional Breakpoints 0 eee cette eee nes 4 23 Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint 00 000 c eee eee eee 4 24 Attaching Commands to a Breakpoint 00 e eee eee ee eee 4 25 Automatically Printing Variables 2 0 0 0 0 ccc ec cee eens 4 26 Watching Inter Process Communication usure cece eee eee eee 4 26 Patching Your Program 0 0 0 c ec e en e eet ees 4 27 Disabling a Breakpoint c erete onee E E EE e ete ne ees 4 28 Examining Eventpoints 0 eee ce eee cece nee ee ene ne eens 4 29 Continuing to Completi0D oooooooooooorrrrrrr e een ens 4 31 Leaving the Debugger 0 6 eet teen ees 4 32 Chapter 5 Tutorial GUI About the Tutorial GUIs 303 5 caee ta ie 2a et dete pee 5 1 Creating a Program GUI ccoo eee ee eee ee Sawa ele CEN wee ties 5 2 Starting Night View GUIS 2 uy es Gawd naa Paseo nee o eae eerndiler nee ab bs 5 4 Getting General and Error Help GUI 0 2 cece aeee 5 4 Starting Your Program GUI 0 unean 5 6 Debugging All Child Processes GUI 0 cece tees 5 8 Handling Signals GUL stresy tote rd oye Medel See 5 9 Setting the First Breakpoints GUI 1 0 6 eect nes 5 9 Continuing Execution GUD sve eis a E EEA EE E EN 5 10 Not Entering Functions GUI 6 ok ccc eneneee 5 11 Entering Input GUT urraca 5 12 Continuing Execution Again GUI 0 cee
260. eams on page 3 31 The qualifier on the source command has no effect The default qualifier is applied to any commands in the source file which do not have explicit qualifiers Delay NightView command execution for a specified time delay milliseconds milliseconds The number of milliseconds to delay command execution If not specified the default is 1 This command delays the execution of NightView commands for at least the specified time period expressed in milliseconds The actual delay may be longer than the specified period The command following a delay command in the same command stream will not execute until at least the specified time has elapsed The primary use of the delay command is in command scripts when you may want to prevent a command from executing immediately after the preceding one For instance you may wish to allow time for your program to execute for some length of time between the execution of two NightView commands The qualifier on the delay command has no effect Info Commands 7 120 The info commands all start with the word info which may always be abbreviated to the single character i The keyword following info identifies one of the many topics for which info is available Each info command may also have additional arguments specific to the individual command The info commands can be broadly divided into two basic categories Status queries returning information about the current state o
261. eap and stack and addresses in shared memory regions your program attaches to Writing to memory that contains executable instructions is more expensive than other forms of reads or writes You should be aware that NightView must modify the executable instructions when it creates or deletes an eventpoint See Eventpoints on page 3 8 The effect of debug agent calls on the performance of the debugged program has been measured on a NightHawk 4800 system running CX UX 7 1 All pages of the debugged program were locked in memory and the program was isolated to a CPU from which all interrupts were excluded the program was also running at the highest possible priority Various statistics from this measurement separated according to the types of operation performed are set forth below Times are approximate and may vary under different circumstances Calls to the agent when there is nothing to do Maximum 278 microseconds per call Minimum 35 microseconds per call Average 38 microseconds per call Calls to agent when it performs only reads and writes of data maximum of 160 bytes per operation Maximum 1194 microseconds per call Calls to agent when it performs a mix of operations including writes to executable F 1 NightView User s Guide instructions Maximum 1816 microseconds per call F 2 Tutorial Files G Tutorial Files The following sections show source listings for the files used in the tutorials These f
262. eas on page 9 5 Action Area Buttons If you are satisfied with the file name selection click on the OK button NightView uses the file you chose how the file is used depends on the application context Clicking on Filter changes the Directories and Files list contents to reflect the contents of the Directory and Filter fields Clicking on Cancel cancels the current action and closes this dialog box You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help List Selection Policies A list allows you to select one or more items The selected items are highlighted Once selected you can cause some action to be taken on the items usually this action is invoked by pressing a button near the list With some lists in NightView you can change the default selection policy The resource that controls the list selection policy is selectionPolicy Refer to the NightView application defaults file to determine which windows have list selection policies that are configurable See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Lists may have different selection policies depending on what type of selection is most appropriate in a given application context For example a list may allow only one item at a time to be selected or it may allow you to select multiple discontiguous items Unless otherwise indicated browse is the default list selection policy In the case where it is appropriate to select only one item at a time there are two possible
263. ec The ranges of addresses occupied by the generated code for the line The number of address ranges printed is subject to the current limit on addresses see set limits on page 7 49 If this is the first range for an instance of the line the address range is preceded by e The source file and line number The function containing the line This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined convenience variable to the address of the first instruction in the line See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Defining and Using Macros define 7 140 NightView provides a macro facility so you can augment the NightView commands with your own features Macros can either be used as part of another command or as a new command A macro is a named set of text possibly with arguments that can be substituted later in any NightView command The arguments allow macros to expand to different text in different circumstances Macros are useful in extending the command set available in NightView they can also serve as shortcuts for frequently used constructs in commands or expressions Define a NightView macro define macro name arg name arg name text define macro name arg name arg name as macro name This is the name of the macro Macro names follow the usual rules for identi fiers in most languages they must begin with an al
264. ecause there are multiple processes in the default qualifier Local Entering Functions 4 16 At this point the parent process is about to run parent routine and the child process is about to run child routine Exercise Read about the step command Use it to simultaneously enter both routines Tutorial Solution You should enter one of local step local s Note that if you had wanted to enter a routine in only one process you would have had to qualify the step command For information about qualifiers see Qualifiers on page 3 4 In all the following output descriptions NightView displays the line you stepped to The source line decoration indicates that execution is stopped there For the C program NightView displays 0 0x10002884 in child routine int total sig 10 at child c line 14 0 0x10002944 in parent routine pid t child pid 13504 int total sig 10 at parent c line 11 14 signal SIGUSR1 signal handler 11 int isec 2 local Line 14 is from the child process Line 11 is from the parent process For the Fortran program NightView displays 0 0x1000393c in child routine at child f line 17 17 ireturn ftsignal sigusrl signal handler 0 0x10003a48 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 16 16 do 10 sig ct 1 total sig local Line 17 is from the child process Line 16 is from the parent process For the Ad
265. eceive a spurious SIGTRAP signal the next time you resume its execution This sig nal should be harmless resuming your process after this signal occurs should get everything back to normal Example local addams stop This example stops each of the processes in the process family named addams Continue execution at a specific location jump at Jlocation spec location spec The location spec specifies where to continue execution See Location Speci fiers on page 7 12 jump causes execution to continue at the specified location This happens for each 7 109 NightView User s Guide signal 7 110 process specified in the qualifier jump does not modify the stack frames or registers it just modifies the program counter and continues execution Unless you are sure the registers have the right contents for the new location you are cautioned to avoid using this command You must be in frame 0 with no hidden frames below frame zero to use jump See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 Continue execution with a signal signal sigid sigid Specifies the name or number of the signal with which to continue If sigid is 0 then the processes are continued without a signal You may specify a signal name with or without the SIG prefix the name is case insensitive signal resumes execution of the processes specified in the qualifier passing them a signal signal is useful if a process has received a s
266. ecimal 4235656 as unsigned integers in hexadecimal format with a display of the printable characters Print in the same format and repeat count starting at the next address 0x0040a190 Print an expression _ 4235656 to show the relative difference between the address of the last memory unit printed _ 4235656 and address of the first memory unit two commands ago 4235656 Print expression ___ to show the value of the last memory unit printed Print the value of a language expression with minimal output output print format letter expression print format letter A letter specifying the format in which to print the expression as described in the print command see print on page 7 70 expression A language expression see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 output prints the value of a language expression for each process specified by the qualifier in the same manner as the print command except that a newline is not printed the value is not entered in the value history and the Shistory number string does not prefix the output The space between output and may be omitted If no print format letter is given expression is printed in a format corresponding to the data type of the expression Print arbitrary text 7 75 NightView User s Guide echo text text Arbitrary text to be printed up to the end of the line Non printing characters may be represented with C language escape sequences such a
267. ect until the affected process has been completely initialized by NightView and is ready to be debugged The difference between resume and continue is that resume does not wait for the processes to stop The debugger continues to read and process commands See continue on page 7 103 Example local resume 0 The processes specified by the default qualifier are resumed with no signal Example local resume 2 The processes specified by the default qualifier are resumed with signal number 2 step Command Line Interface Execute one line stepping into procedures step repeat Abbreviation s repeat The repeat argument specifies the number of lines to single step The default is one line step causes the processes specified by the qualifier to continue execution until they have crossed a source line boundary With a repeat count this happens repeat times step follows execution into called procedures That is if the current line is a procedure call and you step then the process will execute until it is in that new procedure and then stop If you want to step over the procedure use next See next on page 7 106 If a step command causes execution to enter or leave a called procedure then the output includes the equivalent of a frame 0 command to show this See frame on page 7 114 This command completes only when all of the processes specified by the qualifier have completed the single step or stopped f
268. ed NightView prints detailed machine specific infor mation about the requested stack frame You are seldom likely to be inter ested in this information it is provided primarily for detecting problems with the generated debugging information expression The address of a stack frame This is the value that p would have not sp location spec Specifies a location in the program to use to interpret the stack frame at the address given by expression See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If you do not supply this argument the default is the current value of cpc NOTE The at keyword may not be abbreviated in this command This command describes all available information about the current stack frame for a process see Current Frame on page 3 27 See also frame on page 7 114 If multiple processes are specified in the command qualifier each of them is described separately An error message is printed if any of the processes are running If the optional expression is given then the frame at that address is described but the current frame is not changed If you supply the location spec argument the frame is interpreted as a frame for the routine at the resulting address If you omit this argument the current value of cpc is used in decoding the frame info directories info convenience info display Command Line Interface If expression does not evaluate to a valid frame address or the frame at t
269. ed eventpoints is not necessarily the same as in the parent Breakpoint 7 was set in Setting Conditional Breakpoints GUI on page 5 24 and is still enabled 5 32 Tutorial GUI Breakpoint 8 was set in Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 25 and was disabled in Disabling a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 30 Patchpoint 9 was set in Patching Your Program GUI on page 5 29 and is still enabled Exercise Make the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box go away Solution In the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box you should click on the Close button NightView closes the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box Exercise Change back to single process mode and make sure the parent process is the currently dis played process Solution From the debug menu bar you should select Single Process Mode from the View menu The debug qualifier area displays the qualifier for the currently selected process NightView displays these messages in the debug message area Changed to single process mode Switched to process local 15625 If the parent process is not the currently displayed process you should switch to it Continuing to Completion GUI There s nothing else to look at so you decide to run msg to completion Exercise Continue execution of msg Solution In the Debug Window you should click on the Resume button NightView displays in the dial
270. ee Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 Group Process Mode Mnemonic G Accelerator Ctrl G Selecting this menu item causes the appearance of the window to change and causes NightView commands to operate on all the processes represented in the group area rather than on a single process See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 When the Debug Window is in group process mode a filled radio button is shown next to the menu item to indicate that this option is selected See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 The other member of this set of options is the Single Process Mode menu item See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 The behavior of the Debug Window when in single or group process mode is described in another section See Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 Source Only Mnemonic O Accelerator Ctrl O Selecting this menu item puts the source display area in source only mode In source only mode the debug source display area shows only source or any other file it does not automatically show disassembly If the debugger tries to show a position such as a library routine that does not have a corresponding source file then the source display is blank See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 The other members of this set of options are the Source Preferred Mixed Pre ferred and Disassembly Preferred menu items The initial setting for this set of options is controlled
271. ee breakpoint on page 7 84 tracepoint on page 7 88 patchpoint on page 7 85 agentpoint on page 7 92 monitorpoint on page 7 90 and watchpoint on page 7 100 The information printed includes e The eventpoint ID The eventpoint type e Current state of eventpoint enabled disabled temporary 7 121 NightView User s Guide info breakpoint 7 122 The eventpoint location If verbose was specified then the location will be printed in verbose format Otherwise it will be printed in the format in which it was specified when the eventpoint was created For watchpoints information is printed about the address being watched e The number of times program execution has crossed the eventpoint since the program started execution even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied this count is incremented The number of times the eventpoint has been hit since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to the eventpoint The current ignore count e Any commands attached to the eventpoint if it is a breakpoint monitor point or watchpoint This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined convenience variable to the address of the last eventpoint listed See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Describe cu
272. effective UID must be the same as the real and saved UID of the process you want to attach and the dialogue s effective GID must be the same as the real and saved GID of the process you want to attach An exception to the above rule is made for the superuser or on PowerMAX OS users with P_ DACREAD and P_DACWRITE privileges These users are allowed to attach to any process Frequency Based Scheduler When a process running under control of the Frequency Based Scheduler FBS hits a breakpoint or watchpoint or receives a signal that is handled by the debugger the FBS stops running This means that other processes under control of the same FBS will no longer be scheduled Any other processes that are currently running will continue to run but once they do an fbswait 2 call they will not start running again until the FBS is restarted it is as if the clock running the scheduler was stopped If you continue the stopped process it will resume running but once it executes an fbswait 2 call it will also go to sleep and not wake up until the scheduler is restarted It is your responsibility to start the scheduler running again This can be done via the resume command of the rtcp 1 program perhaps using NightView s shell command from the rtutil 1 program or by clicking Resume in NightSim NightView User s Guide NightTrace Monitor The tracepoint command see tracepoint on page 7 88 can be used to trace variables i
273. elp Menine en A Rd Oe dia set 9 74 Global Output Area nnaou unauna cette teens 9 75 Global Interrupt Button 0 0 0 cette eens 9 75 Global Qualifier Area 0 cc ence nent n ene nes 9 75 Global Command Area 00 0 cece e teens 9 75 Help Wide eA ahaa eee eee 9 76 Appendix A System Resource Requirements Appendix B Summary of Commands Appendix C Quick Reference Guide 18 Invoking Night View 0 o ed adobe C 1 Controlling the Debugger isor erep eye Mots op baal fase pe pase epee ees C 1 Quitting NightView s seis essin eedit en tenet teen eens C 1 Managing Dialogues 0 0 cece ETARE A S Cl Dialogue Input and Output 2 0 0 0 cee C 2 Managing Processes ocn oir rd Pe bok oe ena ees Ye ge C 2 Setting Modesto cit pierces wissen Eoi EA ts epee da dpi C 3 Debugger Environment Control 0 0 tees C 4 Source Files ii Se ak oe ea eee C 4 Viewing Source Files memos coo hae eae oy bea baw tato C 4 Searching siseses inreder r nE pasado seek bere Cede Lead eed Sea C 4 Examining and Modifying 0 0 cece cette ene C 5 Manipulating Eventpoints 2 0 cette teenies C 5 Controlling Exec tion tora as ali C 7 Selecting Context ss resape es eae ira s EE E de dodge wee ee ae E C 8 Miscellaneous Commands 00 cece cece eee ene nes C 8 Info Commiands ti o ae ee een See eee ees C 8 Status Information seses r baw dye AS Adee LE RSS C 8 Symbol Table Information 0000 c
274. ends the child a signal the parent writes a message with posix 1003 1 with text_io procedure parent routine child pid posix 1003 1 pid_t total_sig integer is i 8 9 10 11 12 abe isec integer 2 sig ct integer 1 stat integer begin child a for act address 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0 3 0M4 a N HA OO O O H aa a w FP WWWWWNHNNNNNN DN N NY BWHrRr DCDMO WANA FWNHR OW 35 36 3d 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 while sig ct lt total sig loop text jo put _line integer image sig ct amp integer image isec amp seconds delay duration isec Tutorial Files Parent sleeping stat posix 1003 1 ki11 child pid posix_ 1003 _1 SIGUSRI sig_ct sig ct 1 end loop end parent routine Every time the child receives a signal from the parent the child writes a message package child signal handler is sig ct child integer procedure signal handler end child_signal_handler package body child signal handler is procedure signal handler is begin sig_ct_child sig _ct_child 1 end signal_handler end child _signal_handler with system with posix 1003 1 with text_io with child_signal_handler procedure child routine total sig integer is act posix 1003 1 sigaction_t stuff integer begin act sa_handler child signal handler signal handler address stuff posix 1003 1 sigempt
275. eneral discussion of NightView s online help is also available See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Global Output Area The output area in the Global Window is similar to the output from the command line interface It shows a combination of the output and messages displayed in the Debug Window and the Dialogue Window as well as the output and error messages from commands that are processed by this Global Window In contrast the message area in the Dialogue Window shows only messages and program output associated with that dialogue and the message area in the Debug Window shows only messages associated with processes represented in that window See Dialogue Message Area on page 9 18 and Debug Message Area on page 9 34 This is a scrolling area You can use the scroll bar to look at older or newer messages Global Interrupt Button Clicking on this button interrupts whatever the debugger is doing This is similar to using the shell interrupt character in the command line interface See Interrupting the Debugger on page 3 32 Global Qualifier Area The qualifier area in the Global Window shows the current default qualifier for the global interactive command stream which you can access through the global command area see Global Command Area on page 9 75 You can set the default qualifier using the set qualifier command See set qualifier on page 7 49 Global Command Area The global command area in the G
276. eption on page 7 135 Selecting Context frame Select a new stack frame or print a description of the current stack frame frame frame number frame expression at location spec Abbreviation frame number Frame number selected as the new current stack frame Frame number zero corresponds to the currently executing frame Frame numbers for all the cur rently available stack frames may be obtained with the backtrace com mand see backtrace on page 7 69 expression Expression which yields an address at which the stack frame should start This is the value that fp would have not the value of sp location spec Specifies a location in the program to use to interpret the stack frame at the address given by expression See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If you do not supply this argument the default is the current value of cpc NOTE The at keyword may not be abbreviated in this command If no argument is given a brief description of the current stack frame is printed If multiple processes are specified in the command qualifier each of them is described separately For a more complete description of a frame see info frame on page 7 128 If a frame number is given the chosen stack frame is selected as the current frame see Current Frame on page 3 27 The expression form of this command is provided for those occasions in which the stack is in an inconsistent state or you wish
277. er NightStar tools and obtain online help Monitor NightView Menu Mnemonic N The NightView menu is used to control NightView windows and perform global NightView actions The NightView menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 for a description of the individual NightView menu items Monitor Monitorpoint Menu Mnemonic M The menu items are Update Interval Mnemonic U Selecting this menu item pops up a dialog box that lets you change the interval between window updates See Monitorpoint Update Interval Dialog Box on page 9 58 Show Stale Data Indicator 9 56 Mnemonic S This menu item displays a check button which is either set or unset depending on whether stale data indicators are shown or not See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 The default initial setting is set the stale data indicators are shown You can change this setting at any time by selecting this menu item You can also change whether the stale data indicators are shown with the mcontrol command See mcontrol on page 7 91 You can change the initial setting by setting the resource showStaleIndica torToggle set The default value of this resource is True See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 The stale data indicator legend at the bottom of the window is also shown when stale data indicators are shown See
278. erarchy for the graphical user interface is useful for modifying the behavior of NightView through the use of standard X11 or Motif resources You can get this information by using editres 1 See the man page for information about editres The widget hierarchy specific to the Monitor Window requires additional explanation not covered by the functionality of editres 1 The items displayed in the Monitor Window in the graphical user interface are composed of three label gadgets one each for the identifier stale data indicator and value These labels inherit attributes from their parent the monitorBulletinBoard The names of the gadgets are label status and value The icons for the various stale data indicators may be changed by changing the resources updatedStatusPixmap notExecutedStatusPixmap and notSampledStatusPixmap NightView User s Guide D 10 Implementation Overview E Implementation Overview This section gives a very high level description of how the debugger is implemented The user invokes nview nview is a script that runs either snview or xnview snview implements the command line and simple full screen interfaces xnview implements the graphical user interface Users are discouraged from invoking snview or xnview directly The user interface programs deal with all aspects of the user inter face and with managing the symbolic debugging information from executable files See Chapter 6 Invoking NightView
279. ers on page 3 4 Registers are special storage locations in the CPU for holding frequently accessed data In NightView you can access most of these registers using specially named convenience variables See Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 A remote dialogue is a dialogue started on a system other than the one on which Night View was invoked See Remote Dialogues on page 3 6 When a program is run again in the same debug session it is considered to be restarted Information from the most recent checkpoint is applied to the process See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 Routine is a generic term denoting a function or subroutine in a program Different lan guages use different terms for this concept other similar terms are subprogram and proce dure A scope is a section of your program where a particular set of variables can be referenced Scope forms a part of the context See Scope on page 3 26 The shell is the program the system normally executes when you log in There are several varieties of shell Bourne shell C shell and Korn shell are some examples In NightView each dialogue you create executes an instance of your login shell A signal is a notification of some event to your process This event may be external to your process or it may be the result of an erroneous action by the process itself Night View allows you to control how signals are delivered to your process See Signals
280. es a process in which to evaluate the data item See Qualifiers on page 3 4 If multiple processes are specified multiple data items are created If this dialog box was popped up from the Debug Window then the qualifier defaults to the current qualifier for that window If this dialog box was popped up from a particular data item the qualifier defaults to the process associated with that data item Otherwise the qualifier defaults to all OK Click on this button to perform the operation and dismiss the window Cancel Click on this button to dismiss the window without performing any operation Help Click on this button to get help about the specific dialog box Data Window Add Expression This dialog box pops up when you click on Expression in the Display menu of the Data Window or the Debug Window See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 Enter an expression and click on OK to add the expression to the Data Window Radio buttons let you select the context for later re evaluation When the expression is re evaluated it can be evaluated in the current context at the time of the re evaluation Always evaluate in context where process stops or it can be evaluated with the context saved when the expression data item is created 9 67 NightView User s Guide Always evaluate in context saved with expression See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 This is a Data Window Item Dialog Box See Data Window Item
281. es include text entry areas such as the command areas in the Dialogue Debug and Global Windows the dialogue I O area and other text input areas in dialog boxes outputBackground GUI Customization outputForeground Used for the background and foreground colors in output only areas NightView areas that use these color resources include message areas in the Dia logue Debug and Global Windows lists Debug source display area display area in the Monitor Window and text input areas that are used for displaying informa tion such as the eventpoint dialog boxes when used for changing an existing event point s attributes The usr lib X11 app defaults Nview color resource file specifies the color values for NightView NightView Resources In addition to NightStar resources NightView has application resources that you can set See NightStar Resources on page D 1 These resources are not shared by other NightStar tools The following NightView resources are available defaultSourceDisplayMode This resource determines the initial source display mode in the source pane of the Debug Window See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 The value of this resource should be one of SourceOnly SourcePreferred MixedPreferred DisassemblyPreferred The default value is SourceOnly An example of setting this resource is defaultSourceDisplayMode SourcePreferred displayCommandButtonsToggleButton set This resource determines whether t
282. es specified by the qualifier Examples local enable calvin local enable once 4 6 23 local enable delete 8 hobbes The first example enables all eventpoints associated with the name calvin in the default qualifier The second example enables eventpoints number 4 6 and 23 for once only execution the eventpoints will be disabled after the next time they are hit The third example enables breakpoint number 8 and the breakpoints and watchpoints associated with the name hobbes for deletion these breakpoints and watchpoints will be deleted after the next time they are hit Attach an ignore count to an eventpoint ignore eventpoint spec count eventpoint spec The eventpoints to be ignored See Eventpoints on page 3 8 count The number of times to ignore the eventpoint Specifying an ignore count of zero has the effect of causing the eventpoints to no longer be ignored The ignore count is evaluated in the user s process The ignore command causes the specified eventpoints to be skipped the next count times execution reaches them even if the eventpoint is a conditional eventpoint This is accomplished by attaching an ignore count to the given eventpoints In the case of a breakpoint any NightView commands associated with the breakpoint will not be executed until the breakpoint is hit Example local ignore calvin 4 This example causes the eventpoints associated with the name calvin to be ignored 4 t
283. es the scope and the stack Context determines the language i e Ada C C or Fortran as well as the type and location of variables in the program NightView allows convenience variables core file crossing count current frame Glossary you to specify the context to be used in interpreting an expression See Context on page 3 26 A convenience variable is a variable maintained by the debugger to hold the value of an expression The type of a convenience variable is determined by the type of the expres sion assigned to it See Convenience Variables on page 3 33 A core file is a snapshot of a process s memory created by the operating system when the process is aborted You can examine this process state using NightView See Core Files on page 3 4 A crossing count is the number of times program execution has crossed an eventpoint since the program has started execution This count is updated even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied The crossing count is not updated if the eventpoint is dis abled The current frame is one of the frames on the stack of a stopped process It is often the same as the currently executing frame but other frames can be selected using the up down and frame commands The current frame is used to determine the context for evaluating an expression See Current Frame on page 3 27 currently executing frame Data Window debugger debug agent The curren
284. ess that is not attached to an interrupt See Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 If you set an eventpoint in code that will be executed while servicing a user level interrupt you must make sure that all memory referenced by the eventpoint is locked in physical memory NightView allocates memory regions where it places the code and data for eventpoints so those regions must be locked in memory as well You may either call the mlockall 3C service specifying MCL CURRENT after you have set all the eventpoints that will be executed by user interrupt code or you may call mlockall 3C and specify MCL FUTUR E If your process has attached an LWP to a user level interrupt but also has other LWPs not attached to an interrupt then the non interrupt LWPs can be stopped by NightView either using the stop command see stop on page 7 109 by hitting a breakpoint or watchpoint see Breakpoints on page 3 10 and Watchpoints on page 3 11 or by receiving a signal see Signals on page 3 14 NightView indicates that the process has stopped but the LWPs serving user level interrupts continue to run and service interrupts Only the LWPs not attached to an interrupt are stopped If you use the select context command see select context on page 7 116 to examine the state of an LWP attached to an interrupt the context will not be consistent The registers will probably reflect the values they had when the LwP calle
285. ess you decide to create additional Debug Windows It contains all processes that appear in a Night View session The Principal Debug Window remains available throughout the NightView ses sion See also user created Debug Window See Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 A process identifier This is an integer from 1 to 30000 which uniquely identifies a pro cess on a particular system In some situations NightView may create false PIDs outside the normal range to identify false processes e g core files See routine The execution of a program Many processes may be executing the same program See Programs and Processes on page 3 2 A process state describes whether the process is actively executing and what you can do with the process using NightView The two most common process states are running and stopped See Process States on page 3 17 A file containing instructions and data A program is usually created with the 1d 1 pro gram An executing program represents a process See Programs and Processes on page 3 2 Glossary 9 NightView User s Guide program counter qualifier registers remote dialogue restarted routine scope shell signal Glossary 10 The program counter is a register that locates the instruction that is to be executed next See Program Counter on page 3 25 A qualifier specifies the set of processes or dialogues that a command affects See Qual ifi
286. est command See interest on page 7 54 interest level threshold Each process has an interest level threshold If the interest level of a subprogram is less than the interest level threshold the subprogram is considered to be uninteresting See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 Glossary 7 NightView User s Guide keyboard focus macro mnemonic monitorpoint NightTrace NightView online help system overloading patch Glossary 8 The keyboard focus determines which field receives keyboard input in the graphical user interface See Keyboard Focus on page 9 10 A macro is a named set of text possibly with arguments that can be substituted in a NightView command by referencing the name This is a means of extending the facilities provided by NightView See Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 A mnemonic is a way of selecting a menu or a menu item quickly in the graphical user interface See also accelerator See Keys on page 9 11 A monitorpoint is a location in a debugged process where one or more expressions are evaluated and the values saved The saved values are displayed periodically by Night View Monitorpoints thus provide a means of viewing program data while the program is executing See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 and monitorpoint on page 7 90 An interactive debugging and performance analysis tool that lets you examine trace events logged by user applicati
287. estab lished see below this form lists the ten lines centered around the line where execu tion is stopped in the current source file Otherwise this form lists the ten lines just after the last lines listed Abbreviation 1 Each where spec argument can be any one of the following forms 7 61 NightView User s Guide 7 62 at location spec Specifies a location in the program or a source file See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 No matter which form of location spec you use it is always translated into a source line specification for this command If you give two arguments on the 1ist command they cannot specify different source files at file_name Specifies the first line of the file The file_name may be a quoted or unquoted string but be aware that an unquoted string may be ambiguous A string with out quotes will be interpreted first as a function name or an Ada unit name if no such function or Ada unit exists the string will then be interpreted as a file name n Specifies the line that is n lines after the last line in the last group listed see below If this is the second where spec it specifies the line n lines after the first argument n Like n except it specifies the line n lines before the last line in the last group listed see below If this is the second where spec it specifies the line n lines before the first argument The List command is applied to each process in the qualifie
288. esting for each process in the qualifier See Interesting Subpro grams on page 3 28 The minimum keyword specifies the lowest possible interest level The maximum key word specifies the highest possible interest level A query prints the interest information requested If an interest level is being set the com mand prints the new interest level Some compilers provide a means to specify the interest level of a subprogram through the debug information If the subprogram has debug information but it does not specify an interest level the default level is 0 The interest command overrides an interest level set at compile time The interest levels and the interest level threshold are remembered as part of the restart information See Restart Information on page 3 16 For a way to see all the interest lev els that have been explicitly set see info on restart on page 7 134 If an interest level or the interest level threshold is changed then NightView checks the current frame to see if it has become uninteresting See Current Frame on page 3 27 If 7 55 NightView User s Guide 7 56 it has then the current frame is reset to frame 0 of the current context and frame informa tion is printed See select context on page 7 116 Even if the current frame does not have to be reset it gets a different frame number if frames below it have become hidden or unhidden Examples local run fact 7 process
289. et useNightStarFonts to False all of NightView s textual display would use the font defined for the standard fontList resource See Font Selection on page D 7 The NightStar default font is a proportional width font Some of NightView s textual displays require a fixed width font for proper text alignment so this default proportional font is inappropriate for these areas You would need to specify a fixed width font individually for some of NightView s display areas Adding the following lines to your resource file would tell NightView to use the 6x13 fixed width font for the text in the Dialogue Window s process summary list and the Debug GUI Customization Window s source display area See Widget Hierarchy on page D 9 processSummaryHeadingsLabel fontList 6x13 processSummaryList fontList 6x13 sourceText fontList 6x13 If useNightStarFonts is set to True NightView takes care of setting the fonts for you based on font resource values in the resource file NightStar Font Resources This section describes the special font resources available for NightStar tools In addition to these resources NightStar tools specify an overall default font that is used for most of the textual display See Font Selection on page D 7 NightStar tools use proportional width fonts except in areas that depend on text alignment in these instances a fixed width font is important for readability If you decide to change fonts make sure
290. etc If you give a regular expression argument any register with a name matching that regular expression is printed To print all the registers you must specify the regular expression as an argument this includes all the obscure control registers and any other registers not normally of interest to a programmer See Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Registers are printed relative to the current frame see Current Frame on page 3 27 info signal info process Command Line Interface This means that any register saving is logically unwound as you change frames the register contents are not actually modified You see the value the register would have if you returned to the current frame If the current frame is also the most recent frame at the end of the stack the current machine register contents are the correct contents relative to frame zero If the current frame is not frame zero but you want to see the current active contents of the machine registers you have to move to frame zero before running the info registers command see frame on page 7 114 If the command qualifier names multiple processes the registers from each process are printed separately If any of the processes are running an error is printed Since this command operates only on register names the dollar sign
291. etween each click so that NightView can respond For the C program the lines are 18 25 and 30 NightView displays the following infor mation in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 1 set at main c 18 local 15625 Breakpoint 2 set at main c 25 local 15625 Breakpoint 3 set at main c 30 For the Fortran program the lines are 19 26 and 28 NightView displays the following information in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 1 set at main f 19 local 15625 Breakpoint 2 set at main f 26 local 15625 Breakpoint 3 set at main f 28 For the Ada program the lines are 18 25 and 27 NightView displays the following infor mation in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 1 set at main a 18 local 15625 Breakpoint 2 set at main a 25 local 15625 Breakpoint 3 set at main a 27 An eventpoint is a generic term which includes breakpoints patchpoints monitorpoints agentpoints and tracepoints NightView gives each eventpoint an ordinal identification number beginning at 1 Note that you can put breakpoints only on executable statements NightView did not give you an error for attempting to put a breakpoint on a comment line Instead it put the breakpoint on the executable statement that immediately follows the comment line How ever the message in the debug message area has the number of the line you clicked on NightView changes the debug source display when you set a breakpoint Note that each line with a breakpo
292. ew instance because there is none for that program You can save restart information to a file See info on restart on page 7 134 This allows you to save the information across debug sessions Or you can edit the file to change the restart information In either case you would then source the file to restore the restart information See source on page 7 119 Restart Information 3 16 This section describes the restart information saved during a checkpoint e Any memory reservations made with the mreserve command See mre serve on page 7 46 e Eventpoints including any names conditions ignore counts and com mands associated with each eventpoint See Eventpoints on page 3 8 Directory search path See directory on page 7 63 e Child disposition See set children on page 7 44 e Signal and exception disposition See handle on page 7 111 e Display list See display on page 7 77 Symbol file See symbol file on page 7 36 e Default language See set language on page 7 47 e Whether or not the process will stop before exiting See set exit on page 7 45 Restart Macros Concepts e The interest level threshold the interest level for inline justlines and nodebug and any explicit interest levels for subprograms See interest on page 7 54 e Information to reproduce the items in the Data Window See Data Win dow on page 9 58 See data
293. ey appear in your program source You can also refer to source files and line numbers within those files For example you can tell your program to stop at a particular line In order to use the symbolic capabilities of the debugger you must compile and link your program with options that tell the compiler and linker to save the symbolic information along with your program Sometimes you want to be able to debug at a lower level referring to machine language instructions and registers NightView lets you do that too Accessing Files During the course of debugging NightView will likely have to access a number of files executable files for programs being debugged source files for those programs and possibly object and library files Those files must all reside or be accessible from the system on which NightView is executing 3 1 NightView User s Guide If you are debugging processes running on some other system you will probably want to have some of that system s files mounted via NFS on the system running NightView Furthermore your debugging will probably go much easier if the pathnames to those files especially the executables are the same on both systems This will allow NightView to find the executable files automatically most of the time See Finding Your Program on page 3 8 If the pathnames of the executable files are different you can use the translate object file command to tell how to translate the names See
294. f the debug ger and the processes being debugged e Symbol table queries returning information about program variables and type definitions Command Line Interface Status Information info log info eventpoint The status info commands allow you to query various information about the current state of the debugger e g what breakpoints are set how many dialogues are active etc Describe any open log files info log Describes any open log files currently in use by the debugger The log files may be created by set log see set log on page 7 47 or by set show see set show on page 7 31 Describe current state of breakpoints tracepoints patchpoints monitorpoints agentpoints and watchpoints number info eventpoint verbose name verbose Specify that the locations of all eventpoints displayed will be in verbose for mat Verbose location format includes the program counter address or addresses of the eventpoint and where possible the corresponding function name file name and line number The number of PC addresses printed is sub ject to the limit on printing addresses see set limits on page 7 49 The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint number This command describes eventpoints associated with the processes in the command qualifier An eventpoint is any of a breakpoint tracepoint patchpoint monitorpoint agentpoint or watchpoint S
295. f the program name Patterns are always matched to component boundaries Spaces and tabs are not allowed in wildcard patterns Wildcards are similar to wildcards in sh Table 7 6 Wildcard Patterns Matches zero or more characters but does not match a chars Matches any of the characters in the set A dash can be used to separate a range of characters and a leading bang matches any characters except the ones in the set but not a Matches any single character except a Any other character matches itself Unlike sh a matches a leading dot in a file name If you do not need the full expressive power of wildcards you can just use the file name Examples bin NightView User s Guide This matches any file in the directory bin test This matches any file that begins with the letters test in any directory c This matches any source file that ends with c in any directory This might be a good expression to match file names usr bob myprog This matches only the file usr bob myprog Repeating Commands 7 18 A line typed from an interactive terminal consisting solely of a newline no other characters including blanks generally causes NightView to repeat the previous command Note that the blank line must come from an interactive device a blank line in a macro or in a disk file read by the source command does not cause repetition The command that gets repeated may however come from
296. form the unsafe action Selecting the Cancel button tells the debugger to cancel the request to per form the unsafe action If you wish to get help press the F1 Help key Or you can select the Can cel button and then either get help on the last diagnostic or error message that was displayed or on the section that was referenced by the last diagnostic mes sage or error message See Help Menu on page 9 3 You must select either the OK button or the Cancel button before you can use any other NightView windows Error Dialog Box If you make an error while using NightView an error dialog box may pop up to inform you of the mistake Error Message The error dialog box that pops up contains a message about the error condition Action Area Buttons Click on OK to acknowledge the error and dismiss the error dialog box If you wish to get help press the F1 Help key You must acknowledge the error by selecting the OK button before you can use any other NightView windows Dialogue Window The Dialogue Window lets you communicate with and control a NightView dialogue See Dialogues on page 3 4 Any programs that you run in the dialogue I O area can be debugged and manipulated by NightView See Dialogue I O Area on page 9 18 Dialogue Menu Bar The dialogue menu bar lets you perform global NightView actions control the dialogue invoke other NightStar tools and access online help 9 16 Graphical User
297. g a program 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 3 Busy feedback 9 7 D 4 Busy indication 9 7 D 4 Button Attach 9 20 Breakpoint 5 9 9 39 9 40 Cancel 2 3 5 33 9 9 9 15 9 16 9 20 9 21 9 44 9 45 9 49 9 58 9 67 9 72 Change 5 26 9 51 check 9 12 9 28 9 50 Check All 9 50 Clear 9 41 Clear All 9 50 Close 5 8 5 23 5 27 5 31 9 52 Data Display 5 27 9 40 data item action 9 61 Delete 5 23 9 49 9 51 Detach 9 19 dimmed 5 22 9 39 9 45 9 49 9 51 9 52 Disable 5 30 disabled 5 22 9 14 9 39 9 45 9 49 9 51 9 52 Dismiss 9 5 Down 5 21 Down 9 41 Filter 9 8 9 9 9 20 Finish 9 40 Help 9 5 9 9 9 15 9 16 9 20 9 21 9 44 9 45 9 49 9 52 9 67 9 72 Hold 9 58 Interrupt 9 18 9 41 9 75 Kill 7 36 9 19 Index Next 5 11 9 40 Nexti 9 40 OK 2 3 2 7 5 16 5 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 35 9 9 9 15 9 16 9 20 9 43 9 44 9 45 9 49 9 58 9 67 9 68 9 69 9 70 9 71 9 72 9 73 Print 2 6 5 15 5 20 9 39 9 40 radio 9 12 9 14 9 15 9 28 9 29 9 48 9 67 Release 9 58 Resume 2 6 5 10 5 12 5 22 5 28 5 33 9 39 Run to Here 9 38 9 41 Search 5 16 9 44 source lock 9 35 Step 5 17 9 39 Stepi 9 39 Stop 9 14 9 40 Switch To 5 7 5 13 9 14 toggle 9 12 9 14 9 15 9 28 9 29 9 48 9 50 Up 5 19 Up 9 41 Update 9 50 Update List 9 50 Cc c continue 1 5 7 103 Clanguage 1 5 3 23 3 26 3 35 3 38 7 47 7 51 7 70 7 71 7 76 7 79 7 86 7 100 7 137 7 142 Glossary 2 C string 3 38 7 71 C
298. g commands to a program 7 39 7 42 B b breakpoint 1 4 2 5 4 9 7 84 B source line decoration 7 67 b key 9 39 Background process 7 119 background resource D 4 D 8 Backspace key 9 6 backtrace 1 5 2 6 3 26 4 18 5 18 7 5 7 69 7 114 7 115 7 117 Blank line 7 18 7 62 Body macro 3 32 7 141 7 145 boldFontList resource D 3 Branch instruction 7 86 7 99 Breakpoint 3 8 3 10 3 17 3 37 4 15 5 14 7 67 7 68 7 82 7 87 7 104 7 110 9 36 9 39 9 40 Glossary 1 Glossary 5 changing 9 46 clearing 7 93 7 94 commands on 3 16 3 31 3 33 4 25 5 26 7 94 7 122 7 123 9 48 Glossary 2 condition on 3 16 4 23 5 24 7 85 7 95 7 122 7 123 9 47 Glossary 2 deleting 4 22 5 22 7 35 7 95 9 49 9 51 disabling 4 28 5 30 7 96 9 47 9 51 displaying 4 29 5 31 7 121 7 122 enabling 7 97 9 47 9 51 hitting 3 17 7 34 7 77 7 102 7 103 7 123 9 47 Glossary 6 ignoring 3 16 4 24 5 25 7 85 7 98 7 122 7 123 9 47 Glossary 7 named 3 16 7 83 7 84 7 99 9 48 saving 3 16 setting 1 4 2 5 4 9 4 23 4 24 5 9 5 24 5 25 7 80 7 84 7 99 9 39 9 40 9 46 state 7 123 9 47 temporary 7 99 9 47 breakpoint 1 4 2 5 3 2 3 4 4 9 4 24 4 25 7 84 7 99 7 122 9 38 9 39 9 40 9 41 Breakpoint button 5 9 9 39 9 40 Breakpoint crossing count Glossary 3 Breakpoint Dialog Box 5 24 5 25 5 26 9 26 9 40 9 45 Browse selection policy 9 9 9 42 9 44 bt 1 5 2 6 bt backtrace 7 69 Buffered output 3 32 Buildin
299. gENtPOIN S ee E E ERE E EE 3 11 Watchpoints corri td A 3 11 Sign lS s a e E E E E E E RE E E AEN 3 14 Restarting a Program s crees i varaa cose A TETEA 3 15 NightView User s Guide Restart Mechanism iiaee neier enes cece cette teen en A 3 15 Restart Information 0 000 c cect cet teen eens 3 16 Restart Mar Sse e eeu MON id cee atin 3 17 Exited and Terminated Processes 0c cece eee eee eee eens 3 17 Process States ocio age pba ih dete eee oa et 3 17 Debugger Mechanisms 0 0 cece cece eet nnn teens 3 18 proc and Place in SAB E cath PEELE eA 3 18 Debug Agent cee ct tA Akan ee Soden ee We ES 3 19 Operations While the Process Is Executing 000 0 ce eee eee 3 19 Using proc or ptrace and the Debug Agent Together 3 21 Examining Your Program seese nae a E e TE E n eens 3 21 Expression Evaluation a ee p a cece cece cect a a R 3 21 Ada Expressions se iane cece cece tte a A eens 3 22 CUEXpressions A iat vee wt eee dite et ttt lt ad 3 23 C EXPTE SIONES ae hes 3 24 Fortran Expressions 1 0 20 cece cece cette eens 3 24 Overloading 2425 2 e ak eee ee Oe ee eee oa 3 24 Program OUMLET sie 3 Naik At da heh aug eee he Bw db E od ae 3 25 Context pact eeu iui eee ca elegy Ghia ee ea cee eas hs 3 26 O E th oat eee AE 3 26 Stacks ai hi tenths PE ie be hee Ae 3 26 Current Fraime dd esl eatin eee Si Wie tds lees in 3 27 A ents ee ak emailed pi E E eRe E EEE E Hebde
300. gent Second the debug agent call must occur fairly frequently at least a few times a second to ensure reasonable response time from NightView Each debug agent call does at most one NightView operation such as read or write a memory location to keep the overhead per debug agent call as small as possible A given NightView command may require several such operations each of which requires that the debug agent be called If your application uses the Frequency Based Scheduler a good place to call the agent is usually right before the call to foswait You may include multiple calls to the debug agent in a program if you wish Operations While the Process Is Executing This section lists what you can do with either proc or the debug agent while the 3 19 NightView User s Guide process is executing 1 e running e Examine and modify statically allocated variables This includes static and global variables in C and COMMON variables and variables with the SAVE attribute in Fortran It does not include variables allocated to regis ters or the stack e Examine and modify absolute memory locations This includes accessing memory referenced by a pointer variable if the pointer variable is accessi ble as noted above e Evaluate expressions involving the above items See Expression Evalua tion on page 3 21 Note that a function call is not allowed For the purposes of establishing the scope and meaning of variable names
301. gisters on page 7 130 Describe expressions that are automatically displayed info display This command describes the set of expressions that are automatically displayed each time 7 129 NightView User s Guide info history info limits info registers 7 130 a program stops see display on page 7 77 Print value history information info history number number Specifies an item in the value history list each value has a unique sequence number The default value is the most recent history list entry This command prints ten history list values centered around the specified entry It also prints information about how many history items currently exist See set history on page 7 49 Print information about limits on expression and location output info limits The command prints the limits on array elements and character string elements printed by expression output commands and the limits on program locations printed by other info commands See set limits on page 7 49 The qualifier is ignored by this command Print information about registers info registers regexp regexp A regular expression matching register names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 If the regexp argument is not given this command prints all the normally accessible registers that are of general interest to most programmers such as accumulators program counter stack pointer
302. gnal is dis carded Some signals can have additional information passed to the signal handler via siginfo 5 However NightView has no mechanism for the user to specify this information so signals sent to the process using the signal or resume commands will have no associated siginfo 5 information If a process stops with a signal that has associated siginfo 5 information that Concepts information is preserved by NightView whenever possible If you specified pass for that signal and you continue execution using the continue command or the resume command with no argument the siginfo 5 information will be delivered to the process along with the signal However no siginfo 5 information is ever delivered if you explicitly specify a signal number on the signal or resume commands Restarting a Program Restarting execution of a program under NightView is different than in many other debuggers because instead of being executed directly by the debugger programs are executed from a dialogue shell or by other programs The typical way you restart a program is to invoke it again in the dialogue shell See run on page 7 33 When NightView recognizes that a program is being run again it automatically applies the same eventpoints and other information to the new instance of the program NightView considers two programs to be the same if they have the same full pathname This method of restarting programs was chosen because of Nigh
303. gnal number 2 Specify how to handle signals and Ada exceptions in the user process handle signal sigid keyword handle exception exception name keyword handle exception unit name keyword handle exception all keyword handle unhandled_exception keyword signal Specifies handling of a signal This is the default sigid Specifies the name or number of a signal to handle Does not apply to handle exception commands You may specify a signal name with or without the SIG prefix the name is case insensitive exception Specifies handling of an Ada exception exception name Specifies the name of a particular Ada exception to be handled This form of handle exception takes precedence over any previous handle exception command that specified a11 unit name Specifies that all Ada exceptions defined in the specified unit will be handled according to the keyword specifications The effect is identical to the effect obtained by mentioning each of those exceptions in a han dle exception command all Specifies that all Ada exceptions will be handled as specified by the keywords This overrides any previous handle exception com 7 111 NightView User s Guide mand that specifies either an exception name or a unit name Doesn t apply to signal handling specifications nor to the handling of excep tions for which the user program does not have a handler use han dle unhandled exception for that unha
304. h the parent as the currently displayed process use this item to display the source code for child_routine Solution You should switch to the parent process by clicking on the parent process s entry in the debug group area process list and then clicking on the Switch To button Then you should click on the Source menu and select List Function Unit 5 15 NightView User s Guide After pressing Switch To Switched to process local 15625 appears in the debug message area The debug status area shows Stopped at breakpoint 3 The debug source display shows that execution is stopped at the call to parent routine After clicking in the Source menu NightView puts up the Select a Function Unit dialog box Exercise Read about the Search button in the Select a Function Unit dialog box Use it to search for child routine Solution In the Select a Function Unit dialog box you should enter child routine as the regular expression and click on the Search button For more information about regular expressions see Regular Expressions on page 7 15 NightView finds the child_routine function and puts it in the list Exercise Read about the OK button in the Select a Function Unit dialog box Use it to change the debug source display Solution In the Select a Function Unit dialog box you should click on the OK button NightView closes the Select a Function Unit dialog box NightView changes the debug source file name
305. hanging eventpoints are displayed in dialog boxes or in the debug message area See Warning and Error Dialog Boxes on page 9 15 See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 You can use the info eventpoint command to check eventpoint settings See info eventpoint on page 7 121 Remote Login Dialog Box 9 52 This dialog box pops up when you use the NightView menu s Start Remote Dialogue item See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 This dialog box allows you to specify the parameters for creating a remote NightView session See Remote Dialogues on page 3 6 Some of these parameters are required but most are optional The parameters specified in this dialog apply to the NightView processes that execute on the remote system These processes include a NightView target program a dialogue shell and unless you specify otherwise using the run 1 shell command all the processes started by that dialogue shell Remote host information Remote host This is the name or address of the remote system on which you want a remote dialogue This field is required information Login name This specifies the user name to use to log into the remote system This field is required but it defaults to the user running NightView Password This specifies the password for the user name specified in the Login name field For security the password you type is not echoed in the window instead an asterisk replaces each characte
306. has resolved the definition of a particular data type it does not need to resolve that type again for that executable regardless of how many times you debug that program during your NightView session As long as you do not exit NightView and do not modify the executable file NightView will be able to retain the information it has acquired from debug information and thus reduce your debugging time See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 File Selection Dialog Box 9 8 A file selection dialog box allows you to browse through directories and choose a file from a list Or you can type in a file name You can change directories and view subdirectories and their files Typically the file selection dialog box lists files in the current directory In some cases NightView may instruct the file selection dialog box to list certain files in a specific directory There are two possible versions of the file selection dialog box this section describes the default version used by NightView You can use the other version if you comment out the following resources in usr lib X11 app defaults Nview XmFileSelectionBox pathMode XmFileSelectionBox fileFilterStyle Also see the OSF Motif Style Guide The file selection dialog box consists of a Directory text input area for the directory name a Filter mask a list of subdirectories a list of files a Selection text input area for the filename and buttons that allow you to take actions related to
307. hat address does not correspond to the given program location the information printed will probably be nonsense The information printed about a frame includes The address of the frame The addresses of the adjacent frames if any The current frame size The saved return address and its location on the stack or in a register e Any saved registers and their locations on the stack Which registers are currently in use as stack and or frame pointers and their relation to the current frame The name of the subroutine associated with the frame along with the source line and file name if known Print the search path used to locate source files info directories Print the search path used to locate source files If multiple processes are given in the qualifier print the list of directories for each process See directory on page 7 63 for the command used to set the search path Describe convenience variables info convenience This command describes all the convenience variables that have been defined Convenience variables may be global or process local see set local on page 7 53 This command first describes the global variables then for each process specified by the command qualifier describes the process local variables The name data type and value of each variable is listed The convenience variables that correspond to the process registers are not described by this command see info re
308. he SSE MXCSR control and status register Note that the floating point debug MMX and SSE registers are not normally displayed by the info registers command see info registers on page 7 130 If you want to display those registers you can do so with the following commands info registers st displays floating point registers info registers dr displays debug registers info registers mm displays MMX registers info registers xmm displays SSE registers info registers displays all registers PowerPC Registers The PowerPC machines are based on the IBM Motorola PowerPC 604 architecture see PowerPC Microprocessor Family The Programming Environments for architectural details See info registers on page 7 130 In addition to the common register definitions for stack pointer frame pointer and program counter the PowerPC machines support the registers shown in the following table Table 7 4 PowerPC Registers 7 10 Sr0 through r31 These names map onto the 32 general purpose registers note that sp is the same as r1 and fp will typically be either r1 or r2 depending on the kind of code generated by the compiler Command Line Interface 0 through 31 These names map onto the 32 floating point registers The floating point registers on the PowerPC always hold double precision format values Slr The link register ctr The counter register Ser The condition register Scrf0 thr
309. he command buttons area of the Debug Window is shown initially See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 The default value for this resource is True displayGroupToggleButton set This resource determines whether the process group area of the Debug Window is shown initially See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 The default value for this resource is True dwCallStackDefaultFrames This resource controls the initial number of frames in a call stack data item in the Data Window See Data Window on page 9 58 The default value for this resource is 5 See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 D 5 NightView User s Guide dwLabelDefaultColumns This resource controls the default number of columns in labels in the Data Window See Data Window on page 9 58 The default value for this resource is 20 dwMenuHidelnactiveEntries This resource determines the appearance of the popup menu in the Data Window See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Ifthe value is True then menu entries not applicable to this item are not displayed 1 e they are hidden Otherwise non applicable menu entries are displayed but are disabled dimmed The default value for this resource is True dwPointerAsArrayDefaultSize This resource controls the initial number of elements displayed when a pointer is treated as an array in the Data Window See Data Window on page 9 58 The default value for this resource is 2 See Da
310. he load will call the new routines If you had any breakpoints or other eventpoints set in the old routine you may need to set equivalent ones again in the new routine the old ones are still there but since the old routine will never be called again you will probably never hit any of them The primary purpose of this command is to allow you to replace an existing routine with a new version avoiding the overhead of forcing you to stop debugging the program relink it and rerun to get back to the point of interest This command must be used with care If the new object file contains any global data definitions you are very likely to wind up with an erroneous program in which old routines refer to the original data locations and new routines refer to the newly loaded data definitions Patching the old routine entry points to jump to the new routine definitions is simple but it is not possible to locate all the places that might refer to data items defined in the object file so loading object files that define static data items is likely to generate unexpected results If the object file refers to other routines or external data items that are not already defined in the program file you are told about the undefined symbols and the object file is not loaded If you load an object file that defines new symbols they are added to the symbol table for the program so subsequent loads may refer to the new names This command checks for obvious
311. he manual begins with the short tutorials Chapter 1 A Quick Start on page 1 1 and Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI on page 2 1 giving you just enough information to get you started For more complete tutorials see Chapter 4 Tutorial on page 4 1 and Chapter 5 Tutorial GUI on page 5 1 The next section describes the major concepts you will need to understand in order to get the best use out of NightView See Chapter 3 Concepts on page 3 1 More detailed information about the NightView commands is found in Chapter 7 Com mand Line Interface on page 7 1 The next chapter describes a simple full screen interface to NightView See Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 1 The next chapter describes the graphical user interface for NightView See Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 This manual also contains several appendixes that may not be of interest to all users such as an implementation overview A glossary of terms related to NightView and a quick ref erence guide are also provided The following notation is used throughout this guide italic Books reference cards and items that the user must specify appear in italic type Special terms and comments in code may also appear in italic list bold User input appears in list bold type and must be entered exactly as shown Names of directories files commands options and man page references also appear in list bold type list Operating system and
312. he step command with no argument See step on page 7 105 Stepi 9 39 NightView User s Guide 9 40 Clicking on this button is similar to using the stepi command with no argument See stepi on page 7 107 Next Clicking on this button is similar to using the next command with no argument See next on page 7 106 Nexti Clicking on this button is similar to using the nexti command with no argument See nexti on page 7 108 Finish Clicking on this button is similar to using the finish command See finish on page 7 108 Stop Clicking on this button is similar to using the stop command except that the but ton also interrupts any pending commands for the currently displayed process or all the processes in the group in group process mode See stop on page 7 109 See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 Print Clicking on this button is similar to using the print command See print on page 7 70 You must have selected an expression in the debug source display area before pressing this button See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 When you press the button the value of the selected expression is printed using the default for mat for the type of the expression Data Display Clicking on this button is similar to using the Expression button in the Display menu See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 You must have selected an expression in the debug source display
313. hed in at that point or a description of where the pro gram will branch This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined convenience variable to the address of the last patchpoint listed See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Describe current state of monitorpoints info monitorpoint verbose name number verbose Specify that the locations of all monitorpoints displayed will be in verbose format Verbose location format includes the program counter address or addresses of the monitorpoint and where possible the corresponding func tion name file name and line number The number of PC addresses printed is subject to the limit on printing addresses see set limits on page 7 49 The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint number This command describes monitorpoints in the processes indicated by the qualifier Normally all monitorpoints are described but if an argument is given only those named are described Any eventpoints specified in the argument list which are not monitorpoints are ignored Monitorpoints are created with the monitorpoint command See monitorpoint on page 7 90 7 125 NightView User s Guide info agentpoint 7 126 The information printed includes e The monitorpoint ID e Current state of monitorpoint enabled disabled temporary e The monitorpoint location
314. hildren command to specify this See set children on page 7 44 If you use pipelines in the dialogue shell or invoke shell scripts which call many other programs you are likely to get multiple processes which you are not interested in debugging Dialogues are described in a later section see Dialogues on page 3 4 Again if you don t want to debug those other processes you should detach from them Another way to determine which processes are debugged is to use debug and nodebug which let you describe which processes you want to debug by their program names See nodebug on page 7 24 One of the handy things NightView lets you do is group processes together into families You do this by giving the family a name and telling the debugger what processes are in Attaching Detaching Concepts that family For example you might have several processes executing the same program and you might want to set a breakpoint at the same source line in all of them You could define a family containing all of the processes and then use that family name with the breakpoint command See family on page 7 43 Sometimes you want to debug a process that is already running rather than starting up a new process running the same program You can do this with the attach command see attach on page 7 35 or with the Attach Dialog Box see Attach Dialog Box on page 9 20 In order to attach to a process you must know its pro
315. hildren should be debugged See set children on page 7 44 for more information set disassembly Control how NightView displays disassembled instructions See set disassembly on page 7 58 for more information set editor Set the mode for editing commands in the simple full screen interface See set edi tor on page 7 58 for more information set exit Control whether a process stops before exiting See set exit on page 7 45 for more information set history Specify the number of items to be kept in the value history list See set history on page 7 49 for more information set language Establish a default language context for variables and expressions See set lan guage on page 7 47 for more information set limits Specify limits on the number of array elements string characters or program addresses printed when examining program data See set limits on page 7 49 for more information set local Define process local convenience variables See set local on page 7 53 for more information set log Summary of Commands Log session to file See set log on page 7 47 for more information set notify Control how you are notified of events See set notify on page 7 33 for more information set overload Control how NightView treats overloaded operators and routines in expressions See set overload on page 7 57 for more information set patch area
316. hing macro names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 If the regexp argument is not given the info macros command prints a description of every macro you have defined If you give a regexp argument a description of every macro whose name matches the regular expression is printed The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 The description of each macro includes e The name of the macro The formal argument names if any of the macro e The macro body text exactly as it will appear when substituted except that the last line of the macro will be followed by a newline 7 145 NightView User s Guide 7 146 Simple Full Screen Interface 8 Simple Full Screen Interface NightView is designed to be able to debug multiple processes asynchronously That means your processes may be running and producing output or hitting breakpoints all at the same time You might be entering NightView commands at the same time as well This can be a little confusing It would be especially confusing if NightView were to write to your terminal at the same time you are trying to enter a command For this reason NightView doesn t usually show you output or event notifications while it is reading your commands It will do that if you want it to though See set show on page 7 31 This means that NightView may have output or event notific
317. how the data item is printed in the value field This applies to the data item and all its sub items which are set to Default format 9 64 Graphical User Interface Default Mnemonic L The value is displayed according to the format set in the parent item If there is no parent item or the parent item is set to Default format then this item is displayed according to its type See print on page 7 70 Address Offset a Mnemonic A Character c Mnemonic C Decimal d Mnemonic D Float f Mnemonic F Octal o Mnemonic O String s Mnemonic S Unsigned Decimal u Mnemonic U Hex h Mnemonic H The value is displayed in the selected format See print on page 7 70 Resize Label Mnemonic L This button pops up a dialog box to set the number of columns in the label field See Data Window Label Columns on page 9 70 Resize Scroll Area Mnemonic S This button pops up a dialog box to set the number of lines in the scroll area for sub items of this data item See Data Window Scroll Lines on page 9 73 9 65 NightView User s Guide Move Mnemonic M This button pops up a sub menu with choices of where to move the data item To Top Mnemonic T Move this data item to be the first item in this window Up One Mnemonic U Move this data item before the preceding item To Bottom Mnemonic B Move this data item to be the last item in this window Down
318. hows an index that lists all the help topics available for NightView Table of Contents Mnemonic N This item shows a table of contents that lists all the help topics available for Night View A Quick Start Mnemonic Q This item takes you to the beginning of the GUI quick start chapter See Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI on page 2 1 Tutorial Mnemonic T This item takes you to the beginning of the GUI tutorial chapter See Chapter 5 Tutorial GUI on page 5 1 On Version Help Buttons Help Command Graphical User Interface Mnemonic V This item pops up an information dialog box that describes which version of Night View you are running Dialog boxes include a Help button in the lower right corner You can click on this button to receive help on the dialog box See Dialogues and Dialog Boxes on page 9 10 You can type the help command followed by the topic you want help on into the command entry area of a major NightView window to obtain online help See help on page 7 117 A Help Window is displayed that contains information about the requested topic See Help Window on page 9 76 If a Help Window does not exist NightView displays one for you Otherwise the text of the existing Help Window changes to show you the information that you requested If NightView cannot find the information you requested a warning dialog box and a Help Window are displayed See Warning Dialog Box on page 9
319. ialog box is not dynamically updated when the qualifier changes You must redisplay this dialog box each time you want to see the current value of the qualifier Debug Display Menu Mnemonic D Use this menu to select a data item to place in a Data Window The Display menu appears in the Data Window and the Debug Window with the same menu items in both windows Each menu button pops up a dialog box that lets you choose which Data Window to add the data item to and which processes the data item is associated with For Expression the dialog box also has a field for entering the expression See Data Window on page 9 58 Note that the default qualifier for items added to a Data Window with the Display menu in a Data Window includes every process being debugged The default qualifier for items added with the Display menu in a Debug Window includes only the current processes in that Debug Window See Understanding the Debug Window on page 9 12 The menu items are Expression Mnemonic E The dialog box allows you to enter an expression A data item for that expression is placed in the Data Window See Data Window Add Expression on page 9 67 Local Variables Mnemonic L A local variables data item is placed in the Data Window See Data Window Add Local Variables on page 9 68 Registers Mnemonic R A registers data item is placed in the Data Window See Data Window Add Regis ters on page 9 68
320. ialogues specified in the command qualifier qualify with a11 to list all of them The information includes info family info name Command Line Interface The machine running the dialogue The sizes that will be used for patch areas created in the future See set patch area size on page 7 53 e The list of debug and nodebug patterns for this dialogue See debug on page 7 23 The processes being debugged under control of the dialogue The user running the dialogue e The status of any dialogue output see set show on page 7 31 e The list of object filename translations for this dialogue See translate object file on page 7 24 Print information about an existing process family info family regexp regexp A regular expression matching family names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 For each family name that matches regexp this command lists each process that is a member of that family see family on page 7 43 If regexp is omitted then the contents of all process families are printed The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Print information about an existing eventpoint name info name regexp regexp A regular expression matching eventpoint names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 For each eventpoint name that matches
321. icolon 7 86 7 100 Session debug Glossary 4 Session logging 7 47 set 7 71 set auto frame 7 57 set children 3 2 3 16 4 7 5 8 7 44 set disassembly 7 58 set editor 7 58 8 2 set exit 7 45 set history 7 49 set language 3 17 7 47 7 132 set limits 7 49 7 50 7 71 7 73 7 121 7 122 7 123 7 124 7 125 7 126 set local 3 33 7 53 set log 7 47 7 121 set notify 7 33 set overload 3 25 7 57 set patch area size 7 53 7 133 E l Glossary 9 set prompt 7 2 7 50 set qualifier 4 22 7 13 7 49 9 75 9 76 set restart 3 16 7 52 set safety 7 28 7 40 7 52 set search 7 57 set show 3 5 7 31 7 32 7 47 7 121 set terminator 7 51 Setting a breakpoint 1 4 2 5 4 9 4 23 4 24 5 9 5 24 5 25 7 84 7 99 9 39 9 40 9 46 Setting a conditional agentpoint 7 122 7 127 9 47 Setting a conditional breakpoint 3 9 5 24 7 122 7 123 9 47 Glossary 2 Setting a conditional eventpoint 7 95 7 98 7 99 7 122 9 47 Setting a conditional monitorpoint 7 122 7 126 9 47 Setting a conditional patchpoint 7 122 7 125 9 47 Setting a conditional tracepoint 7 122 7 124 9 47 Setting a conditional watchpoint 7 122 7 128 9 47 Setting a monitorpoint 7 90 9 46 Setting a patchpoint 4 27 5 29 7 86 7 99 9 46 Setting a tracepoint 7 89 9 46 Setting a watchpoint 7 100 9 46 Setting an agentpoint 7 92 9 46 Setting an eventpoint 9 46 set trace 7 87 7 88 Setuid programs 3 3 Shared library 3 4 3 20 3 39 3 40 7 25 7 132 Index 21 NightView Use
322. ieee ede Pees 9 57 Monitor Help Mens teas Sao eer ny gare a 9 57 Monitor Display Area 1 0 20 tect ene eens 9 57 Monitor Status and Control Area 06 cee ee et ee nee 9 57 Monitor Window Dialog Boxes 00 cece cece ete eens 9 58 Monitorpoint Update Interval Dialog Box 0 0 00 00 0 eee 9 58 Dita WindOW 2 reeter oe A he A A ges oe ee ae 9 58 Data Menu Bar ttc A eck Silas Oe wehbe ile 9 59 Data NightView Menu 00 cece eee eee eens 9 59 Data Elle Mei AA 9 59 Data Options MEU ooococcoc t teens 9 59 Data Display Menu 1 2 0 eect teeeene ee 9 60 Data Tools Meese pe eck es see tela Gee Sea hae 9 60 Data Help Ment Ai 9 61 Data Display Area ii ae a ae a eee aes 9 61 Data Items vt tek i tel il oh IS 9 61 Expression Data Item ar en eee eee 9 62 Local Variables Data Item 2 2 2 eee eee ee eee 9 62 Registers Data Item 1 0 eects 9 62 Stack Data Item 1 cette 9 62 Threads Data ltem arc fit cee nate bore oat bas ee 9 63 Data Item Popup Menu 0 eee eee eens 9 63 Data Window Dialog Boxes 0 0 00 cece cette eens 9 67 Data Window Item Dialog Box 0 20 00 0 cece eee ees 9 67 Data Window Add Expression 0000 eee eee eee eens 9 67 Data Window Add Local Variables 0000 e cee eee eee 9 68 Data Window Add Registers 000 cece eects 9 68 Data Window Add Stack 1 0 eee eect eee 9 68 Data Window Add ThreadS oocoo
323. ience variables set local identifier identifier The name of a convenience variable the leading on each identifier nor mally used to reference convenience variables is optional Each named identifier is defined to be a process local convenience variable A process local variable always has a unique value in each process If the variable was already defined as a global at the time it appears in a set local command then each process gets a separate copy of the current global value but future changes will be unique for each process The command qualifier does not have any effect on this command It is not possible to define a variable to be local for only one process but globally shared among other processes set patch area size Control the size of patch areas created in your process set patch area size data data size eventpoint eventpoint size monitor monitor size text text size data data size The data keyword parameter specifies the size of the data area in kilobytes monitor monitor size The monitor keyword parameter specifies the size of the shared memory region used by all monitorpoints in this dialogue in kilobytes text text size The text keyword parameter specifies the size of the text area in kilobytes eventpoint eventpoint size The eventpoint keyword parameter specifies the size of the eventpoint areas in kilobytes The data monitor text and eventpoint keywords may be abbreviated and ma
324. ier changes to Group Mode and the list of eventpoints includes all the processes in the qualifier This dialog box also provides several ways for you to change eventpoints See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 See Eventpoints on page 3 8 Specify eventpoints to appear in the list NightView displays a list of eventpoints according to the selections you make in this section of the dialog box By default NightView displays all eventpoints that occur for the qualifier If there is only one eventpoint NightView selects it for you in the list Pressing Return while the focus is in one of the text input areas causes the default Update List button to be activated See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 Choose eventpoints 9 49 NightView User s Guide 9 50 You can choose any combination of eventpoint types to display in the list by clicking on the check button or its label for each eventpoint type you are interested in See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Two buttons are also avail able to help you check all of the eventpoint types Check All or clear all of the checked eventpoint types Clear All Choose location By default the location field is blank NightView shows you all eventpoints for the qualifier regardless of their locations taking into consideration your other list specifications If you want to see a list of eventpoints found at a given location typ
325. iew will set or modify it for you All types of eventpoints share common traits some eventpoints have additional optional or required information The eventpoint dialog boxes generally present the common eventpoint information first followed by any data that is specific to a given eventpoint The watchpoint dialog box first presents information specific to watchpoints followed by the common eventpoint information For inserted eventpoints NightView provides default settings for new eventpoints including a default location specifier See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 In addition you can enter other information to define the eventpoint Required data that must be provided by you before NightView can set the eventpoint is visually emphasized 9 45 NightView User s Guide 9 46 Depending on whether you are setting a new eventpoint or changing an existing eventpoint NightView allows or disallows access to certain fields in the eventpoint dialog boxes Define the eventpoint Description display only The title bar of each eventpoint dialog box indicates which kind of eventpoint the dialog box deals with and whether the dialog box allows you to set a new eventpont or to change an existing eventpoint Location This field is displayed only for inserted eventpoint dialog boxes not for watchpoint dialog boxes When the dialog box appears the Location field contains a location speci fier When setting a new event
326. iew displays in the debug message area 0 0x100108fc in child routine total sig IN integer 10 at child a line 26 0 0x10010578 in parent _ routine child pid IN pid t 13504 total sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 6 NightView tells you when a step command takes you into or out of a subprogram call The lines that begin with 0 announce that you have entered child_routine in the child process and parent_routine in the parent process Note that the order of the lines displayed may vary Both the State fields in the debug group area show the status Stopped after step This means that the processes have finished a stepping command The debug status area shows the same status for the parent process NightView changes the debug source file name to parent c parent f or par ent a and the debug source display shows the source code NightView User s Guide Line 11 of parent c line 16 of parent f or line 6 of parent a in the debug source display has the source line decoration which indicates that execution is stopped there Examining the Stack Frames GUI It is often helpful to see how you got to a certain point in a program Exercise Read about the backtrace command Use it to display the list of currently active stack frames for both processes Solution In the debug command area you should enter one of backtrace bt and press Return NightView echoes this command in the debug message area
327. ifiers After setting the specified overloading modes the set overload command prints the new settings If no arguments are specified the command simply prints the existing overloading modes For a discussion of how overloading works in NightView see Overloading on page 3 24 For the details of the syntax used to specify overloading in expressions and location spec ifiers see Selecting Overloaded Entities on page 7 2 When NightView starts the overloading modes are initially set overload operator off routine on Control case sensitivity of regular expressions in NightView set search sensitive insensitive sensitive Make regular expressions case sensitive this is the default setting 7 57 NightView User s Guide set editor set disassembly 7 58 insensitive Make regular expressions case insensitive The set search command controls case sensitivity for the regular expressions see Regular Expressions on page 7 15 used by several commands as well as some dialog boxes in the graphical interface When the set search command is run with no argument it reports but does not change the current mode setting When the sensitive argument is specified regular expressions become case sensitive The case of alphabetic characters must match exactly as written in the regular expression This is the default set search mode When the insensitive argument is specified regular expressions become
328. ightView responds Backtrace for process local 13504 O 0x1000393c in child routine at child f line 17 1 0x10003900 in main at main f line 26 Backtrace for process local 15625 O 0x10003a48 in parent routine INTEGER child pid 13504 at parent f line 16 1 0x10003910 in main at main f line 29 local For the Ada program NightView responds Backtrace for process local 13504 Tutorial 0 0x100108fc in child routine total sig IN integer 10 at child a line 26 1 Ox10010bd8 in main at main a line 25 2 Ox10022750 in lt anonymous gt Backtrace for process local 15625 0 0x10010578 in parent routine child pid IN pid t 13504 total sig IN integer 10 at parent a line 6 1 Ox1l10010be4 in main at main a line 28 2 Ox10022750 in lt anonymous gt local Note the order of the displayed lines may vary On lines labeled 0 NightView shows its location within the current routine On lines labeled 1 NightView shows the location of the call to the current routine within the call ing routine In the Ada program stack frame 2 is from the library level elaboration routine which has no name Moving in the Stack Frames You may want to move among the stack frames to examine and modify variables run functions etc in other frames For example suppose that you want to examine the value of local variable tracefile in main Exercise Read about the up command Qualify the u
329. ignal causing it to stop and be recognized by the debugger but you don t want it to see the signal Then rather than using continue to continue the process use signal 0 Or perhaps you want the process to receive a different signal signal can resume your process with any signal If a signal command in a breakpoint or watchpoint command stream continues execution of the process stopped at that breakpoint or watchpoint the command stream is terminated no further commands are executed from that stream If a signal command continues execution of a process that is currently executing another breakpoint or watchpoint command stream the signal command does not take effect until that command stream has completed execution See Command Streams on page 3 31 If a signal command continues execution of a process that is currently executing an on program or on restart command stream the signal command does not take effect until the affected process has been completely initialized by NightView and is ready to be debugged For a way to have the debugger deal with signals automatically see handle on page 7 111 signal overrides the pass setting of handle NOTE On Linux there is no way to pass SIGSTOP to a process being debugged handle Command Line Interface Type info signal to get a list of all of the signals on your system See info signal on page 7 131 Example local signal 2 The processes resume with si
330. iles all reside under the usr lib NightView Tutorial directory C Files msg h 1 tinclude lt stdio h gt 2 tinclude lt sys types h gt 3 tinclude lt signal h gt main c 1 tinclude msg h 2 3 This program spawns a child process and sends 4 signals from the parent to the child 5 6 ay 7 8 main 9 0 int total_sig 1 pid_t pid 2 char tracefile msg file 3 extern void parent routine 4 extern void child routine 5 extern void signal handler 6 7 signal SIGUSR1 signal handler 8 printf How many signals should the parent send the child n 9 scanf Sd s total sig 20 pid fork 21 22 if pid 23 24 It s the child 25 child routine total_sig 26 27 28 else 29 G 1 NightView User s Guide 30 31 32 33 34 35 parent c NN 04 YNRAODO J 00Mw 0DN EA co N child c O0woO0O_ J 0nM4U0UNR OW WHA SFWN EA N G 2 It s the parent parent_routine pid total_sig exit 0 include msg h Every time the parent sends the child a signal the parent writes a message x7 void parent_routine child pid total_sig pid_t child pid int total_sig int sec 27 int sig ct for sig ct 1 sig ct lt total sig sig printf Sd Parent sleeping for d sec sleep isec ki11 child pid SIGUSRI1 tinclude msg h Every time the child receives a signal from the parent the child wri
331. ill get signals as soon as they are sent by the parent process The continue command can do this but it ties up the debugger s input mechanism while waiting for the process You don t want to wait 4 21 NightView User s Guide Exercise Read about the resume command Qualify the resume command to resume execution of the child process without the waiting that occurs with the continue command Solution You should enter one of local child resume local child res Note that you could have qualified the command with the child s process ID number instead of the child family name Setting the Default Qualifier As described in Starting NightView on page 4 3 the default qualifier is Local which means that unqualified commands affect all processes It is cumbersome to keep qualify ing commands that operate on a subset of these processes The rest of the commands in this tutorial apply only to the parent process Exercise Read about the set qualifier command Use it to tell NightView that the default qualifier for the remaining commands is the family that consists of only the parent pro cess Solution You should enter one of local set qualifier parent local set q parent NightView changes the prompt to your new qualifier parent Removing a Breakpoint 4 22 Breakpoint 1 set in Setting the First Breakpoints on page 4 9 is no longer needed Exercise Read about the delete command
332. imes before they may be hit again Set a temporary breakpoint Command Line Interface tbreak name breakpoint name at location spec if conditional expression name breakpoint name Gives a name to the breakpoint for later reference See name on page 7 83 If breakpoint name is already defined then this command adds the newly cre ated breakpoints to the list of eventpoints associated with the name location spec Specifies the breakpoint location See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 if conditional expression Specifies an eventpoint condition The language and scope of the expression is determined by the location at which the breakpoint is set see Scope on page 3 26 and Context on page 3 26 See Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 Note The at if and name keywords may not be abbreviated in this command Like the breakpoint command see breakpoint on page 7 84 the tbreak command sets a breakpoint The difference between the two is that tbreak sets a one time only breakpoint in each of the processes specified by the qualifier The breakpoint will be disabled after being hit once Example local 115 tbreak sort c 48 This example sets a temporary breakpoint in process 115 at line 48 of the source file sort c tpatch Set a patchpoint that will execute only once tpatch name patchpoint name at location spec eval expression Insert an expression in the program that will
333. in f ormain a In the debug source display NightView displays numbered source lines Executable lines have an asterisk source line decoration beside the line numbers For more information about source line decorations see Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 The vertical and horizontal scroll bars next to the debug source display let you examine the rest of the source file The debug status area shows the status Stopped for exec This means that the process has just exec 2 ed a new program image The debug qualifier area shows the qualifier local 15625 The debug group area has an entry for this process The entry shows the qualifier local 15625 the name of the program this process is running msg and the status of the process Stopped for exec See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 The Switch To button and the buttons below the label Switch To Stopped Process are disabled dimmed because there is only one process present at this time The Dialogue Window lists an entry for process 15625 and says the process is running msg Note that by appending an ampersand amp to the msg you could have started your pro gram in the background of the dialogue shell This is generally a good idea because it gives you the flexibility to debug multiple programs in one NightView session however in this tutorial you will be supplying the program with input so the program needs to be running in the foreground NightView Use
334. in main at main a line 25 25 B child routine total sig local This breakpoint in the child corresponds to breakpoint 2 in the parent Inherited event points get new identifiers The order of eventpoint numbers in the child is unpredictable so you might see a breakpoint number of 4 5 or 6 Note that you could have qualified the command with the child s process ID number instead of the child family name NightView User s Guide Verifying Data Values You want to look at the value of variables in the msg program Exercise Read about the print command Use it to check that the total_sig variable has the value 10 Solution You should enter one of local print total_sig local p total_sig NightView responds with Process local 15625 1 total_sig 10 Process local 13504 2 total_sig 10 By default the 10 is printed in decimal NightView keeps a history of printed values The 1 means that this is the first value in this history For more information about the printed value history see Value History on page 3 33 Note that if you had looked at the total_sig variable after its last use you might have seen gibberish This happens when the location holding a value gets overwritten For more information see Optimization on page 3 34 In the Fortran program total_sig was put in COMMON so you could consistently see its value in the tutorial NightView displays values for both processes b
335. inated Processes on page 3 17 Detaching from or killing a pseudo process associated with a core file see Core Files on page 3 4 is the only way to make that pseudo process go away Detaching from a process causes NightView to forget all the eventpoint settings and other information it remembers about the process NightView typically uses some memory in the debugged process If you detach and re attach repeatedly NightView will eventually be unable to find memory where it needs it in 3 3 NightView User s Guide Core Files Qualifiers Dialogues 3 4 the process See Appendix E Implementation Overview on page E 1 See also set patch area size on page 7 53 A core file is a snapshot image of a process created by the system when the process aborts typical reasons for creating a core file include referencing an address outside the memory allocated to the process dividing by zero floating point exceptions etc NightView allows you to debug core files as well as processes see core file on page 7 37 Since a core file is not actually a running process all you can do is look at it None of the commands which require a running process will work on core files for example you cannot continue a core file and you cannot evaluate any expression containing a function call If a core file is from a process that used dynamic linking the core file must be debugged on the same system where the process was runni
336. ing The only advantages of using the debug agent are 1 the program has greater control of exactly when the overhead of performing debugger operations occurs and 2 there is no restriction on how the first eventpoint must be set See Operations While the Process Is Executing on page 3 19 A watchpoint may not be set or deleted using the debug agent NightView allows you to use multiple mechanisms when debugging a single process by allowing you to add a debug agent to your program while you are debugging it with proc or ptrace This gives you the advantages of both methods comprehensive control over your program along with control over debugger overhead See Using proc or ptrace and the Debug Agent Together on page 3 21 You control where the call to the debug agent is placed in your application by placing an agentpoint in your process See Using proc or ptrace and the Debug Agent Together on page 3 21 To effectively use the debug agent you will need to choose this location carefully the guidelines that follow will help you do this First the debug agent executes as part of your process so it has some effect on the performance of your application The debug agent is very fast and efficient though so the impact should be minimal Nevertheless we recommend you avoid placing the debug agent call in a time critical location See Debug Agent Performance on page F 1 for information about the performance of the debug a
337. ing literals However the printit command will print The value is xyz because NightView expands the macro abc when it is processing the invocation of macro printit At that time it does not know that the double quotes imply a string literal String literals as actual arguments can cause other problems as well For example local Illegal reference local mymac This has a left parenthesis local Okay local mymac This has two parentheses The first invocation of mymac is invalid because the actual argument contains an unmatched left parenthesis Since NightView attempts to balance parentheses without regard to any other text including quotes the right parenthesis matches the left parenthesis in the argument leaving the argument list without a closing right parenthesis If a macro invocation appears where a command keyword is expected then you can leave off the prefix character but the macro name may not be enclosed between and 7 143 NightView User s Guide 7 144 This allows macros to be used conveniently as command shortcuts However if the macro requires arguments these must still be placed within parentheses after the macro name Macros take precedence over commands when the macro name appears in place of a command keyword This means that if you name a macro the same as a built in NightView command you may not be able to reference the built in command anymore However y
338. ing rules with local variables visible only in inner blocks and more widely visible variables in outer blocks Often the same name is used for different variables in different scopes Just as the cpc is located in a particular routine it is also located in a particular block of the routine The variables that are directly visible to the debugger are determined by the language rules and current block nesting structure of the program at that point When debugging you may need to look at other variables which would normally not be visible by the strict language rules NightView makes every effort to make any additional variables visible for use in expressions as long as the names do not conflict If you cannot reference a variable due to a naming conflict NightView provides special syntax see Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 for referencing variables visible in other scopes When a process stops it not only stops at a particular program counter but it also has a current stack The stack is used to hold local variables and return address information for each routine As a routine calls another routine new entries called frames are made on the stack The stack can be examined to show the routines which were called to get to the current routine using the backtrace command see backtrace on page 7 69 The debugger assigns numbers to each frame The most recent frame is always frame zero In a program with multiple threads or
339. inherits its regions from the parent so the regions are the same size in the child and the parent Each process has its own data eventpoint and text areas but the monitorpoint shared memory region is shared by all the processes that have monitorpoints in the dialogue and by the dialogue itself Therefore if you want to change the size of the monitorpoint shared memory region you need to do so before creating any monitorpoints in the dialogue See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 The initial values of the patch area sizes are 512 kilobytes each for the data and text patch areas 256 kilobytes for the eventpoint areas and 32 kilobytes for the monitorpoint shared memory region This is adequate for most applications Use info dialogue to see the current patch area size values see info dialogue on page 7 132 You can see information about the patch areas in an existing process with the info memory command see info memory on page 7 132 Control which subprograms are interesting interest level at location spec Set or query the interest level for a subprogram interest inline level interest justlines level interest nodebug level interest threshold level Set or query the interest keyword values level Specify a level for the subprogram defined by location spec or a value for the specified keyword level is a signed integer or the keywords minimum or Command Line Interface maximum If this argu
340. int on it now has a B for breakpoint source line decoration Continuing Execution GUI 5 10 To make use of the breakpoints you set you must allow the msg program to execute up to the statement with the breakpoint Exercise Read about the Resume debug command button in the Debug Window Use it to con tinue program execution up to the statement with the breakpoint Tutorial GUI Solution In the Debug Window you should click on the Resume button The debug status area shows the status Stopped at breakpoint 1 This means that the process hit breakpoint number 1 The debug group area shows the same status NightView changes the source line decoration on the statement with the breakpoint to B The B still indicates a breakpoint and the indicates that execution is stopped there For the C program NightView displays the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 1 0x10002818 in main at main c line 18 For the Fortran program NightView displays the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 1 0x10003878 in main at main f line 19 For the Ada program NightView displays the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 1 0x10010b18 in main at main a line 18 Not Entering Functions GUI Execution is stopped at the line that prompts for the number of signals to send You don t want to enter the code for the output statement or function because
341. inter changes to a question mark with an arrow Place the point of the arrow over the graphical region for which you want help and click mouse button 1 The Help Window is displayed with information about that region The pointer changes back to its original shape To get context sensitive help using the F1 Help key select a window component that you have a question about Press the F1 Help key A Help Window is displayed with information about that region Mnemonic H Each major window in NightView has a Help menu The Help menu in each window has the same menu items On Context Mnemonic C This item provides help about a particular graphical region of a window See Con text Sensitive Help on page 9 3 On Last Error Mnemonic E If NightView just displayed an error message you can get help on that error by selecting this menu item 9 3 NightView User s Guide 9 4 Selecting this item is similar to using the help command with no argument See help on page 7 117 On Help Mnemonic H This item gives help about how to use NightView s help system See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 On Window Mnemonic W This item gives help about the window where you selected the Help menu On Commands Mnemonic M This item gives a summary of NightView commands On Keys Mnemonic K This item gives help about using special keys in NightView See Keys on page 9 11 Index Mnemonic This item s
342. ion before quitting causes any debugged processes to be killed see Replying to Debugger Questions on page 7 19 The processes killed include all active processes started in any dialogue shell and not explicitly detached NightView detaches from any processes that are being controlled but are not being debugged by you because of a nodebug command See Detaching on page 3 3 See nodebug on page 7 24 Processes started using the shell command are independent of the debugger and are not affected by a quit Command Line Interface Managing Dialogues login A dialogue is an interaction with a particular host system for the purpose of debugging one or more processes on that system under a particular user name You may have as many dialogues as you wish there can even be more than one dialogue with a particular host system Dialogues are described in more detail in the Concepts chapter see Dialogues on page 3 4 Login to a new dialogue shell login conditional popup name dialogue name user login name others machine NOTE If present the options conditional and popup must appear before the machine name and before any keywords The login command takes many keyword parameters The most commonly used are conditional Ignore this login command if a dialogue with this name already exists This is useful from macros see Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 and for other programs that c
343. ions A dot matches any character except a newline A star matches zero or more occurrences of the preceding regular expression For example matches zero or more of any character except a newline A plus matches one or more occurrences of the preceding regular expression 7 15 NightView User s Guide 7 16 m Matches exactly m occurrences of the preceding regular expression m Matches m or more occurrences of the preceding regular expression m n Matches from m to n occurrences of the preceding regular expression A caret matches at the beginning of a string A dollar sign matches at the end of a string Parentheses are used to group regular expressions Brackets define a set of characters any one of which will match Within the brack ets additional special characters are recognized A If the first character inside the brackets is a caret then the set of characters matched will be the inverse of the set specified by the remaining characters in the brackets A range of characters may be matched by specifying the starting and ending characters in the range separated by a dash To define a set that includes a character specify the dash as the first or last character in the set Any other character matches itself To literally match one of the special characters defined above use a backslash A character in front of it to literally match a backslash use two of them The m and n match
344. is currently stopped and has been stopped for the longest time You may want to specify auto as your default quali fier if you want to work on only one process at a time see set qualifier on page 7 49 NightView gives you an error message if you use auto when there are no processes stopped Note that because a qualifier specifier can be either a family name or a dialogue name you cannot have a dialogue with the same name as a process family In general the specifiers in a qualifier are not evaluated until a qualified command requests the information A qualifier is evaluated when a command qualified by it needs the information that is when the command is applied to the processes or dialogues in the qualifier Certain NightView commands ignore their qualifier so they do not request evaluation of the specifiers in the qualifier This has several effects on you e A family name appearing in a qualifier may remain undefined until a com mand requires evaluation of the qualifier You may also change the defini Command Line Interface tion of a family name currently in use in a qualifier such a change will affect the next command that evaluates that qualifier e Evaluating a dialogue name yields all the processes in the dialogue at the time of the evaluation Since evaluation is generally delayed until the last possible moment using a dialogue name is usually a good way to refer ence all the currently existing processes in a dialogu
345. is data item and their sub items etc are collapsed 9 63 NightView User s Guide Copy Mnemonic C Make a copy of this data item The copy may be in the same window or in another Data Window This can also be used to make a new top level data item which is a copy of a sub item See Data Window Copy Expression on page 9 69 Re evaluate Mnemonic V The data item is re evaluated The new value is displayed in the value field Describe Mnemonic Pop up a dialog box with information about this data item See Data Window Value Query on page 9 73 See Data Window Text Query on page 9 73 Show Subscript Mnemonic B This button is meaningful only for arrays If the data item is a pointer it is treated as an array You are prompted for a subscript When you click on OK the range of sub items displayed is increased to include the subscript and the display is scrolled to make that sub item visible See Data Window Subscript Array on page 9 73 See Data Window Subscript Enum Array on page 9 73 Select Frame Mnemonic S This button is meaningful only for a local variables data item including sub items of stack or threads data items The frame becomes the current frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 Format Mnemonic F This button pops up a sub menu to allow you to control the format of the data item Value Format Mnemonic F This button pops up a sub menu to allow you to control
346. is part of the shell prompt Exercise Use the manual to find out what compiler option is necessary for debugging Hint use the index Solution From the index Compiling has this information The g compiler option puts debug information into an executable Exercise Decide what language program you want to debug Do not copy the source files from the usr lib NightView Tutorial directory just compile and link these files Make the msg program contain debug information For the Fortran program you should also build the ft int c interface but for this tutorial do not build it with debug information What command or commands did you use Solution For C you should enter cc g o msg usr lib NightView Tutorial c For Fortran you should enter cc c usr 1lib NightView Tutorial ftint c f77 g o msg ftint o usr lib NightView Tutorial f For MAXAda you should enter usr ada bin a mkenv g usr ada bin a path I obsolescent usr ada bin a intro usr lib NightView Tutorial a usr ada bin a partition create active main main msg usr ada bin a build v msg usr ada bin a rmenv For HAPSE Ada you should enter usr hapse bin a mklib g f usr hapse bin a make v lib o msg main f usr lib NightView Tutorial a usr hapse bin a rmlib You should now have a msg program with debug information in your nview directory Note that for this tutorial the source files sho
347. is the next instruction to be 7 12 Command Line Interface executed in the current stack frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 Function names always refer to the location of the first instruction following any prologue code the prologue is code that allocates local stack space saves the return address etc To refer to the actual entry point of a function use the expression form and write an expression that evaluates to the function entry point address in C language mode this would look like function NOTE A location specifier may sometimes designate multiple locations for instance a line number within an Ada procedure that has been expanded inline several times will designate every location where that procedure was expanded If such a location specifier is used to set an eventpoint see Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 NightView will set the eventpoint at each of the corre sponding locations An eventpoint set at multiple locations is still considered to be a single eventpoint If you wish to set an event point at some subset of the locations that are implied by a particu lar location specifier the info line command may be used to determine the locations corresponding to the particular location specifier The expression form of location specifier may then be used to designate the proper location Wherever a file_name appears it may be enclosed in double quotes This is necessary if the file_name cont
348. isplayed lines may vary The source code is written so that the lines that begin with a number come from the parent process and the lines that begin with the word Child come from the child process Note that the sleep interval varies from through 3 because of the patch you made The lines that mention signal SIGUSR1 appear because the handle command is implicitly set to print and explicitly set to nostop The last two lines say that sig_ct is not displayed This message appears because of the display command and because the sig_ct variable is not visible at this point in the parent process For the Fortran program depending on which compiler you used 8 Parent sleeping for 3 seconds 9 Parent sleeping for 1 seconds 10 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds SIGUSRI1 SIGUSRI1 SIGUSRI1 SIGUSRI1 SIGUSR1 to exit normally to exit normally main c line 34 main c line 34 sig _ct may still be available so it may be displayed Leaving the Debugger The tutorial is over 4 32 Tutorial Exercise Read about the quit command Use it to leave the debugger Solution You should enter one of parent quit parent q Neither process has completely exited so NightView asks the following question Kill all processes being debugged Exercise Make the processes go away Solution You should respond Kill all processes being debugged y NightView responds with You are now leaving Night
349. it is part of the library not part of your program Exercise Read about the Next debug command button in the Debug Window Use it to skip over the output statement or function Solution In the Debug Window you should click on the Next button The msg program writes the prompt How many signals should the parent send the child in the dialogue I O area In the debug source display NightView changes the source line decoration of the next line to which shows that execution is stopped there The debug status area and the debug group area show the status Stopped after step This means that the process has finished a stepping command 5 11 NightView User s Guide Entering Input GUI You must respond to the msg program prompt How many signals should the parent send the child Exercise Send ten signals Solution In the dialogue I O area you should enter 10 and press Return Continuing Execution Again GUI 5 12 Before you can examine aspects of parent routine and child routine you must get NightView to stop at the calls to these routines Exercise Continue executing the program so it stops at the next statement with a breakpoint Solution In the Debug Window you should click on the Resume debug command button The debug status area and the debug group area show the status Stopped at break point 3 This means that the process hit breakpoint number 3 For the C program NightView disp
350. it will receive that signal when the process resumes subject to the setting of the handle command see handle on page 7 111 If you want the process to receive a different signal or no signal at all then use the signal command See signal on page 7 110 NOTE On Linux there is no way to pass SIGSTOP to a process being debugged If you ask to continue execution of a process with any of the commands here and that process is already executing then you get a warning message Any other processes specified by the qualifier are continued If a process is stopped at a breakpoint or watchpoint it is not necessary to remove the continue Command Line Interface breakpoint or watchpoint before continuing Continue execution and wait for something to happen continue count Abbreviation c count If the count argument is specified the processes will not stop at the current breakpoint or watchpoint again until they have hit it count times This argu ment is ignored for any processes that are not stopped at breakpoints or watch points continue causes the processes specified by the qualifier to resume execution at the point where they last stopped Processes run concurrently Each process will execute until some event such as hitting a breakpoint causes it to stop If this command is entered interactively the debugger does not prompt for any more commands until one of the processes specified by the qualifier stops execu
351. itched to process local 13504 New process local 13504 parent pid 15625 0 0x10002838 in main at main c line 20 For the Fortran program the debug message area shows Switched to process local 13504 New process local 13504 parent pid 15625 0 0x100038e4 in main at main f line 22 For the Ada program the debug message area shows Switched to process local 13504 New process local 13504 parent pid 15625 0 0x10010bc8 in main at main a line 23 In this example the child process has process ID 13504 and the parent process has process ID 15625 Note that your process IDs will differ Note also that after the fork only the parent process continued execution the child process is still at the fork The debug source display shows the main program because execution is stopped in a rou tine fork 2 which is hidden because it is uninteresting NightView usually does not show you system library routines See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 The lt source line decoration indicates that this line made a subprogram call which has not yet returned You may also see a gt source line decoration which indicates that control will return to or within this line NightView User s Guide The debug status area shows the status New process This means that the process has just been created by a fork 2 call in the parent process The process is stopped See Multiple Processes on page 3 2 The debug qualifier area
352. ithin the line perhaps on the Command Line Interface return from factorial Line 35 has a patchpoint inserted somewhere within it Apart from these lines the other lines with asterisks on them have executable code associated with them Example instruction listing 31 Q 0x10002788 lt main 52 gt li r6 0 31 0x1000278c lt main 56 gt stw r6 0x40 r1 32 T 0x10002790 lt main 60 gt slwi r5 r16 2 32 0x10002794 lt main 64 gt lwzx r3 r17 r5 32 0x10002798 lt main 68 gt addi r4 r1 64 32 0x1000279c lt main 72 gt li r5 10 32 0x100027a0 lt main 76 gt bl 0x100010e0 lt strtol gt 33 B 0x100027a4 lt main 80 gt mr r20 r3 34 0x100027a8 lt main 84 gt b1 0x10002700 lt factorial gt 34 B 0x100027ac lt main 88 gt Mi r53 35 P 0x100027b0 lt main 92 gt lis r3 12288 35 0x100027b4 lt main 96 gt addi r3 r3 12528 35 0x100027b8 lt main 100 gt mr r4 r20 35 0x100027bc lt main 104 gt bl 0x10001100 lt printf gt This is a partial disassembly listing for the preceding example source listing Examining and Modifying backtrace Print an ordered list of the currently active stack frames backtrace number of frames Abbreviation bt number of frames Number of stack frames to print starting with the currently executing frame The backtrace command prints for each process specified in the qualifier a summary of the active stack frames starting with the currently executing frame Each subsequent
353. itions on eventpoints so the action associated with the eventpoint is taken only if the condition is satisfied For inserted eventpoints the condition is an arbitrary expression in the language of the routine where the eventpoint is set in other words if you set a conditional eventpoint in a Fortran subroutine you would write the conditional expression in Fortran NightView actually compiles the conditional expressions and patches them into the program so evaluating the condition does not require the debugger to take control This means that setting a conditional eventpoint only adds the overhead required to evaluate the condition and the program will run at almost full speed until the condition is satisfied See condition on page 7 95 However a condition on a watchpoint is evaluated in the debugger For watchpoints the language of the expression is determined by your language setting See set language on page 7 47 Because watchpoint conditions are always evaluated in the global scope if your language setting is auto NightView evaluates the condition in the language of the main program You can also specify an ignore count for an eventpoint This means you must execute past the eventpoint a certain number of times before it might be taken The ignore count is checked prior to the condition so if you have both ignore counts and conditions the condition will not be checked until the ignore count is down to zero See ignore on
354. ive to the currently selected list item Continuing to click on a directional arrow in this button panel after the top or bottom list item has been reached causes NightView to wrap around its search in the list for the next stopped process You can use the View menu item Display Group Area to display this area or to hide it from view See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 The size of the Debug Window does not change to accommodate the presence of the group area rather the source display area expands or shrinks depending on whether it needs to make room for the group area The group area can be resized within the Debug Window by adjusting the sash that separates it from the pane containing the source display See Sashes on page 9 12 Debug Window Dialog Boxes This section describes dialog boxes that may appear while you are using the Debug Window See Dialogues and Dialog Boxes on page 9 10 Debug Group Selection Dialog Box This dialog box pops up when you use the NightView menu to create a new Debug Window See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 You can select qualifier specifiers and provide a name for the new window See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 Select qualifier specifiers Select one or more items to define the new Debug Window If you choose a quali fier specifier such as a dialogue name the existing processes in that dialogue appear in the new Debug Window future processes that start up in
355. ivileges on the remote system to be able to specify a priority explicitly Nice Value This is an alternative way to adjust the priority of the remote NightView pro cesses On PowerMAX OS the Nice Value is meaningful only in the Time Shar ing scheduling class the default and if you specify both a Priority and a Nice Value the Priority takes precedence On Linux the Nice Value is meaningful only in the Time Sharing sched uling class the default and the Round Robin scheduling class In the Time Sharing scheduling class if you specify both a Priority and a Nice Value the Priority takes precedence In the Round Robin scheduling class if you specify both a Time Quantum and a Nice Value the Time Quantum takes precedence Scheduling Class This option menu selects the scheduling policy for the remote Night View pro cesses You will usually want to leave this at its default selection However if you need greater control over how much CPU resources the remote Night View processes get you may need to select a different scheduling class and priority On Linux there are some restrictions on combinations of Priority and Scheduling Class Time Sharing only priority 0 is allowed FIFO only priorties gt 0 are allowed and you must spec ify one 9 53 NightView User s Guide Round Robin only priorties gt 0 are allowed and you must spec ify one Time Quantum This field is enabled only if you select the Round Robi
356. ization You might see only one echo of usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug depending on how quickly the dialogue shell starts release is the NightView release level For information about ReadyToDebug see ReadyToDebug on page 3 8 Note that in this tutorial the dialogue shell prompt is Yours may differ Getting General and Error Help GUI 5 4 This tutorial expects you to look up information in the NightView manual You may read the hard copy or the similar online manual The online manual is accessible through each major window s Help menu Tutorial GUI Exercise Try to use the non existent foo command Solution In the dialogue command area you should enter foo and press Return NightView displays in the dialogue message area Error Unrecognizable command foo E command proc003 Exercise Read about this error message Solution In the Dialogue Window you should click on the Help menu and select On Last Error The Help Window displays additional information about your most recent error Read the information Note that Summary of Commands appears highlighted Exercise Read about getting information about all NightView commands Solution In the Help Window you should click on Summary of Commands The Help Window displays a list of NightView commands with each command high lighted The vertical and horizontal scroll bars next to the help display let you examine the
357. ize the source files as well as the units contained within them which are used to build partitions e g executables shared objects archives defined by the user 9 32 Graphical User Interface NOTE NightBench is currently not available on RedHawk systems See the NightBench User 5 Guide 0890514 for more information NightBench Project Mnemonic N Opens the NightBench Project window NightBench is a set of graphical user interface GUI tools for developing software with the Concurrent C C and MAXAda compiler toolsets The NightBench Project window is the central location for accessing the various NightBench tools and environments It maintains a list of the user s NightBench environments and allows the user to add or remove environments from this list It acts as a launching pad to any of the environments listed permitting the user to open any of these environments in the NightBench Development window or the Night Bench Builder NOTE NightBench is currently not available on RedHawk systems See the NightBench User 5 Guide 0890514 for more information NightProbe Monitor Mnemonic P Opens the NightProbe Data Monitoring application NightProbe is a real time graphical tool for monitoring recording and altering pro gram data within one or more executing programs without significant intrusion NightProbe can be used in a development environment as a tool for debugging or in a production environment to create
358. k 3 26 3 27 4 19 4 20 4 31 5 19 5 21 5 33 7 5 7 62 7 67 7 80 7 84 7 86 7 88 7 90 7 92 7 93 7 100 7 108 7 114 7 115 7 116 7 117 7 128 7 130 7 137 Glossary 3 Glossary 6 Glossary 11 stack printing 4 18 5 18 7 69 9 62 frame 3 27 7 105 7 108 7 114 7 117 9 39 Frame pointer 7 7 7 114 7 128 Frame zero 7 7 7 55 7 67 7 110 7 114 7 115 7 116 7 130 Frames hidden 7 7 7 55 7 67 7 110 Frequency Based Scheduler 3 19 3 37 Full screen interface 1 5 1 1 3 29 6 2 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 119 7 141 8 1 8 2 9 1 Glossary 6 Full screen user interface 7 118 Function 4 11 4 16 5 11 5 16 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 129 static location of 7 12 Function arguments printing 7 136 Function name list 7 137 G g option 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 3 gdb 1 1 1 4 Index 11 NightView User s Guide Geometry window D 8 geometry resource D 8 GID 3 37 Global command area 9 19 9 42 9 75 D 4 Global data definitions 7 80 Global Help menu 9 74 Global Interrupt button 9 75 Global menu bar 9 74 Global message area D 3 D 4 Global NightView menu 9 74 Global output area 9 75 Global qualifier area 9 75 Global Tools menu 9 74 Global variable 3 20 7 115 printing 7 136 Global Window 9 2 9 6 9 19 9 22 9 42 9 56 9 74 9 75 D 6 Glossary 6 gmacs editor 7 58 8 2 Graphical user interface 1 5 2 1 3 29 3 32 6 1 6 3 7 1 7 36 7 112 7 118 9 1 9 55 A 2 D 1 Glossary 6 Group ID 3 37 Group process mode 5
359. kernel A 1 Confirm Exit Dialog Box 9 15 Context 3 20 3 25 3 26 3 35 3 36 7 5 7 47 7 62 7 108 7 132 7 137 7 138 7 139 Glossary 2 Glossary 5 Context sensitive help 9 3 continue 1 5 3 4 3 14 4 10 4 15 4 31 7 103 7 104 7 110 Continuing execution 1 5 2 6 3 36 4 10 4 15 4 21 4 31 5 10 5 14 5 22 5 33 7 103 7 104 7 108 7 109 7 110 7 117 9 39 Convenience variable 3 33 7 4 7 6 7 71 Glossary 3 global 3 33 7 53 7 129 predefined 3 27 7 5 7 6 7 122 7 123 7 124 7 125 7 126 7 127 7 130 7 140 process local 3 33 7 6 7 53 7 129 Core file 3 3 3 4 3 18 6 3 7 37 7 139 9 37 Glossary 3 core file 7 37 7 60 cprs 9 8 CPU bias 7 22 CPU hang 3 38 Cross reference help 5 5 Crossing count Glossary 3 Ctrl key 9 6 9 11 Ctrl key 9 10 Ctrl key 9 10 Current frame 3 27 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 9 41 Current source file 7 62 7 65 7 66 Current stack frame 3 26 3 27 4 19 4 20 4 31 5 19 5 21 5 33 7 67 7 84 7 86 7 88 7 90 7 92 EXT option A 1 Index 6 7 93 7 100 7 108 7 114 7 115 7 116 7 117 7 128 7 130 Glossary 3 Current working directory 7 60 9 8 Currently displayed process 5 7 customization resource D 8 D d delete 7 96 d key 9 38 Data definitions global 7 80 static 7 80 Data Display button 5 27 9 40 Data Display menu 9 60 Data File menu 9 59 Data Help menu 9 61 Data item 9 61 Data item action button 9 61 Data NightView menu 9 59 Data Opti
360. l the output generated by each dialogue shell and the programs running in it is logged by NightView You can control this log using the set show command see set show on page 7 31 and you can review the log with the show command see show on page 7 32 In the graphical user interface dialogue output goes to the dialogue I O area for that dialogue 3 5 NightView User s Guide Real Time Debugging By running NightView on a development system and starting a dialogue on a real time system you are debugging you can minimize the impact of the debugger on the real time system Most of the debugger runs on the development system and only a NightView control program and the dialogue shell run on the real time system You can also control the CPU memory and other resource allocations of debugger processes to help minimize the impact of the debugger on critical resources See Remote Dialogues on page 3 6 Monitorpoints provide a means of monitoring the value of variables in your program without stopping it See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 You may also want to use the debug agent See Debugger Mechanisms on page 3 18 The debug agent gives you a little more control over exactly when some of the debugger overhead occurs NightTrace is another tool you may find useful in debugging real time programs It allows you to gather performance information and record limited amounts of data with minimal overhead NightView
361. lays the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 3 0x1000284c in main at main c line 31 For the Fortran program NightView displays the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 3 0x10003904 in main at main f line 29 For the Ada program NightView displays the following in the debug message area local 15625 at Breakpoint 3 0x10010bdc in main at main a line 28 Tutorial GUI The source line decoration is now a B The B still indicates a breakpoint and the indi cates that execution is stopped there The debug group area has a new entry for the child process The child process is the one with the status New Process The Switch To button and the buttons below the label Switch To Stopped Process are now enabled not dimmed You would like to view the child process in the Debug Window Exercise Read about the debug group area Switch to the child process Solution In the process list of the debug group area you should click on the entry for the child pro cess Then you should click on the Switch To button Now the Debug Window is displaying the child process The debug identification area still shows that msg is the executable program the process in this window is running The child is executing the same program as the parent The qualifier specifier field now shows the qualifier of the child process For the C program the debug message area shows Sw
362. le from some other context the results are not defined number routine expression This syntax is used to go up the stack see up on page 7 115 until you see number previous occurrences of routine relative to the current frame It does not matter what the current routine name is this construct always backs up the frame first then starts looking for frames associated with the given routine The given expression is then evaluated in that context For example 1 fred x refers to the variable named x in the first routine named fred above the current routine number expression This syntax simply refers to previous stack frames regardless of the routine name The immediately previous frame is 1 number routine expression This syntax is useful only if you have changed your current frame with the up com mand This allows you to refer to frames down the stack and is analogous to the ver sion above which uses the syntax number expression This is also analogous to the corresponding syntax but refers to frames down rather than up the stack number expression This syntax evaluates the expression in the context of the given absolute frame num ber regardless of the current frame You can determine absolute frame numbers by using the backtrace command see backtrace on page 7 69 frame addr expression This syntax uses frame addr which must be a nume
363. le full screen interface creates a special window when you use monitorpoints See Monitor Window Simple Full Screen on page 8 2 for more information about this window 8 1 NightView User s Guide Editing Commands in the Simple Full Screen Interface You can use special key sequences to edit your commands The key sequences are based on the line editing modes of ksh 1 NightView implements the emacs gmacs and vi modes of ksh In particular you can use the various key sequences to retrieve previously entered commands The initial editor mode is set from your VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables If NightView cannot determine the mode from those variables then the default mode is emacs You can explicitly set the editor mode with the set editor command See Set editor on page 7 58 Monitor Window Simple Full Screen 8 2 The Monitor Window is created when you use monitorpoints while running NightView with the simple full screen interface See Monitor Window on page 3 29 In the simple full screen interface the Monitor Window appears at the top of the screen and takes up as many lines as it needs for the number of items displayed plus one status line while leaving at least ten lines for other debugger operations at the bottom of the screen Only the items that fit in the space available at the top of the screen are displayed Any further items are left in the same state they would be in following anmcon
364. le machine instruction in each of the processes specified by the qualifier except that nexti steps over procedure calls and inlined procedures See Inline Subprograms on page 3 27 This is very similar to next except that next executes lines and nexti executes individual instructions See next on page 7 106 This command completes only when all of the processes specified by the qualifier have completed the single step or stopped for some other reason like receiving a signal See Signals on page 3 14 for a discussion of the interactions between single stepping and signals nexti is interpreted relative to the current frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 That is any lower frames are automatically finished before stepping If an exception propagates to the current frame or a calling frame then the nexti com pletes and execution is stopped at the beginning of the exception handler Continue execution until the current function finishes finish finish causes a process to continue execution until the current frame returns This happens in each process specified by the qualifier Note that this may cause the process to finish multiple procedures depending on which frame is the current frame See frame on page 7 114 If the current frame is in the context of a task thread LWP or thread process chosen by the select context command execution continues until that task thread LwP or thread process completes e
365. lect the Attach item in the Dialogue menu of the Dialogue Window See Dialogue Menu on page 9 17 This dialog box lets you view the processes on the system and select one or more to attach to Select which processes you want to see with the filter fields then click on Filter Select the processes you want to attach to by clicking on them then click on Attach The filter has three text input areas See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 The text input areas each take a regular expression When you click on the Filter button the Pro cesses list is filled in with the processes that match all three regular expressions one for the process identifier PID one for the User and one for the Program name See Reg ular Expressions on page 7 15 Each regular expression must match the entire corre sponding string that is each one uses an anchored match The initial value of the PID and Graphical User Interface Program regular expressions is which match all processes The initial value of the User regular expression is the name of the user logged in to the dialogue The Processes list indents the program names to show the parent child relationship Each process appears below its parent process and indented relative to the parent process The Processes list uses the multiple selection policy See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 The Attach button closes the dialog box and attaches to the selected processes Click
366. lement in memory not in a register You should be careful about setting a watchpoint on a variable on the stack because the watch point probably will not be meaningful once the routine that contains the variable returns For watchpoint restart information NightView always uses the same address that it calcu lates when you originally create the watchpoint Note that the specific address may or may not be interesting in another run of your program depending on exactly what your program does For example a variable on the heap may always be allocated in the same place each time your program runs or it may be allocated at a different address depending on when it is allocated what other allocations are done timing of external events etc You may need to delete a watchpoint that was created by restarting and create a different watchpoint See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 Concepts When you have a watchpoint set your process does not incur any performance penalty until it references the addresses being watched When that happens NightView gets con trol NOTE If the target system is a PowerPC then the mechanism NightView uses for watchpoints always watches exactly 8 bytes on an 8 byte boundary If the variable you are watching is not 8 bytes long and aligned on an 8 byte boundary then NightView automatically resumes the process for accesses outside the variable although there is still considerable overhead associated with sto
367. letes the breakpoint from the eventpoint list NightView displays the following message below the eventpoint list Deleted 1 event point 1 You have finished removing this breakpoint Exercise Make the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box go away Solution In the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box you should click on the Close button NightView closes the window 5 23 NightView User s Guide Setting Conditional Breakpoints GUI 5 24 It is often useful to suspend execution conditionally Exercise Read about the Debug Window s Eventpoint menu s Set Breakpoint item in Debug Eventpoint Menu on page 9 26 Use this feature to set a breakpoint on the line that displays how long the parent is sleeping in parent routine the breakpoint should suspend execution when the value of isec equals the value of total_sig Solution In the debug source display you should click on the line For parent c it is line 16 For parent f itis line 17 For parent a it is line 15 You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Set Breakpoint NightView displays the breakpoint dialog box Do not press Return after you enter the following text For the C program you should enter in the condition text input area isec total_sig For the Fortran program you should enter in the condition text input area isec eq total_sig For the Ada program you should enter in the condition text input a
368. level read from disk A watchpoint is not triggered by accesses during a system service call NightView has no good way to handle watchpoint traps from the lwarx and stwcx instructions on PowerPC target systems These instructions are typically used in very tight loops to synchronize with other processes If NightView gets a watchpoint trap from one of these instructions it stops the process and gives you an error message If this happens you should set a breakpoint nearby disable the watchpoint see disable on page 7 96 let the process run to the breakpoint and then enable the watchpoint see enable on page 7 97 NightView User s Guide Signals 3 14 Usually your process is stopped and the debugger gets control if the process receives a signal Signals may be generated by error conditions such as dividing by zero or trying to write to a write protected location Other signals may be generated under program control the program can request the system to send it a SIGALRM periodically or another program may explicitly send a signal with the kil1 2 system service Several ways in which to handle a signal are described in the handle command see handle on page 7 111 In addition you may use the debugger to explicitly send a signal to a process see signal on page 7 110 This is useful if you need to test the signal handler code in a program however the debugger itself uses SIGTRAP so it should not b
369. lifier This is very similar to step except that step executes lines and stepi executes individual instructions See step on page 7 105 This command completes only when all of the processes specified by the qualifier have completed the single step or stopped for some other reason like receiving a signal See Signals on page 3 14 for a discussion of the interactions between single stepping and signals stepi is interpreted relative to the current frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 That is any lower frames are automatically finished before stepping Sometimes when stepping by instructions it is useful to set up a display command to show the instruction that is just about to be executed each time the process stops To do that say local display i pc See display on page 7 77 If the stepi command causes execution to enter a procedure which is uninteresting the stepi acts like nexti See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 See nexti on page 7 108 If an exception propagates to the current frame or a calling frame then the stepi com pletes and execution is stopped at the beginning of the exception handler 7 107 NightView User s Guide nexti finish 7 108 Execute one instruction stepping over procedures nexti repeat Abbreviation ni repeat The repeat argument specifies the number of instructions to single step The default is one instruction nexti executes a sing
370. line 9 5 0x1000271c in factorial int x 6 at fact c line 9 6 Oxl000271c in factorial int x 7 at fact c line 9 7 0x10002784 in main int argc 2 char argv Ox2ff7eaec at fact c line 26 local You used the bt backtrace command to display the call stack You saw all the expected recursive calls see backtrace on page 7 69 Now look at the value of the variable x You used the p print command to print the variable x verifying that it was equal to 1 Now finish running the program local c factorial 7 5040 Process local 2347 is about to exit normally 1 5 NightView User s Guide 1 6 0 Ox100027ac in main int argc 2 unsigned char argv 0x2ff7eaec at fact c line 29 29 lt gt exit 0 local You used the c continue command to allow the process to run to completion Exit from NightView local q Kill all processes being debugged y You are now leaving NightView Process local 2347 exited normally Dialogue local has exited Finally you typed q quit to leave the debugger The fact program had not fully exited so NightView prompted asking if the program should be killed You responded with y and the sample session ended The commands used in this section appear in continue on page 7 103 backtrace on page 7 69 print on page 7 70 and quit on page 7 20 A Quick Start GUI 2 A Quick Start GUI This chapter is for people
371. llowing table Table 7 1 Special Constructs A simple by itself is a special convenience variable which always refers to the last value history entry see print on page 7 70 See Value History on page 3 33 The name refers to the value history entry immediately prior to See Value History on page 3 33 Snumber A followed by a number refers to that number entry in the value history See Value History on page 3 33 Command Line Interface number A followed by a negative number enclosed in braces refers to value history entries prior to the most recent one 0 is a complicated way to refer to the same thing as and 1 is the same as This syntax is useful when you want to reference values farther back than 1 See Value History on page 3 33 Sidentifier This is the standard syntax for convenience variables Many names are predefined for instance all the machine registers may be referenced using predefined conve nience variables See Convenience Variables on page 3 33 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 file line expression This syntax is used to evaluate the expression in the context specified by the given file and line number This is most useful for referencing static variables which are not visible in the current context If you reference a local stack or register variab
372. llows you to view the context of an Ada task or thread whether or not it is currently being serviced by an LWP If the task or thread is currently being executed by an LWP the select context command automatically selects the context of that LWP It is important to note that NightView does not allow you to control the execution of a task thread LWP or thread process independently of the others in that process When you resume execution see resume on page 7 104 all LWPs or thread processes are allowed to execute and they may service any of the threads or Ada tasks that are available to run If you issue a single step command see step on page 7 105 the selected task thread LWP or thread process will be stepped according to the command but the other LWPs or thread processes may also execute one or more instructions they are not restricted to stepping the current line or instruction Each time your process stops NightView automatically sets the current context to the context of the LWP or thread process that caused the process to stop You may then use the select context command to change the context Note that on PowerMAX OS an LWP attached to a user level interrupt cannot be stopped and continues to run when the other LWPs are stopped See User Level Interrupts on page 3 38 Using NightView with Other Tools 3 36 NightView normally communicates with other programs via KoalaTalk For example other tools can st
373. load candidate information for a single function or operator even when the corresponding overload mode is off If overloading is on NightView interprets overloaded entities according to the current language If overloading is off NightView uses the built in meaning of all operators if possible and interprets all function and procedure calls as referring to one function or procedure it arbitrarily picks from the list of candidates If operator overloading is off and the built in operator does not make sense in the context in which it is used NightView gives an error If overloading is on but a unique meaning for an overloaded operator or routine cannot be determined NightView gives an error that includes the list of the possible overload candidates You may then run the command again adding the syntax to select the correct candidate The numbers assigned to the choices are unique for the specific context see Context on page 3 26 where the expression or location specifier appears If for example the Sth item in a list of choices refers to a particular instance of the overloaded function funcname when you are stopped at one point in your program you may not assume the 5th item will refer to that same instance when you are stopped at a different location The one number you can rely on is 1 for overloaded operators The built in language operator is always number 1 and any user or library defined operators have numbers greater than 1
374. lobal Window is used to enter NightView commands Like the debug command area in the Debug Window and the dialogue command area in the Dialogue Window all the command line interface commands except for shell can be entered in the global command area Input to this area is similar to using the command line interface For example you can enter an explicit qualifier followed by a command 9 75 NightView User s Guide Help Window 9 76 Commands entered in this area are implicitly qualified by the default qualifier You can change the default qualifier by using the set qualifier command See Global Qualifier Area on page 9 75 The global command area is a combo box See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 NightView displays online help in the Help Window The Help Window allows you to display any section of the NightView User s Guide and provides different methods to allow you to navigate from one section to another NightView uses HyperHelp to display help To learn about HyperHelp click on the Help menu of the Help Window and select Help On HyperHelp For a general discussion of NightView s online help see GUI Online Help on page 9 2 System Resource Requirements A System Resource Requirements This appendix describes system resources used by NightView PowerMAX OS system administrators may want to modify the System Tuning Parameters so that their users can use NightView effectively See System Administration Vo
375. log Box 9 27 9 45 whatis info whatis 7 138 Widget hierarchy D 9 Wildcard pattern 7 17 7 23 7 39 7 42 7 137 9 24 9 44 Wildcard pattern examples 7 17 wildcard_pattern 7 137 Window Data 3 17 5 27 5 29 5 34 7 76 9 2 9 31 9 40 9 58 Debug 2 3 5 6 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 14 5 15 5 17 5 22 5 24 5 28 5 29 9 1 9 6 9 11 9 13 9 14 9 15 9 20 9 21 9 28 9 29 9 31 9 34 9 36 9 39 9 41 9 42 9 43 9 44 9 45 9 56 9 74 9 75 Glossary 4 Dialogue 2 3 5 4 5 7 5 11 5 12 5 14 9 1 9 6 9 16 9 18 9 19 9 20 9 22 9 42 9 56 9 74 9 75 Glossary 4 Global 9 2 9 6 9 19 9 22 9 42 9 56 9 74 9 75 D 6 Glossary 6 Help 2 1 2 4 2 5 5 5 5 8 9 2 9 3 9 5 9 17 9 20 9 34 9 57 9 74 9 76 D 3 D 4 Glossary 6 iconifying 9 2 9 3 Monitor 3 29 7 91 8 2 9 2 9 55 9 56 D 4 D 5 D 9 Principal Debug 5 6 9 13 9 21 9 22 D 6 Glossary 9 user created Debug Glossary 12 Window geometry D 8 Window resizing 9 12 Index X X 9 1 x 7 6 7 18 7 72 7 77 7 122 7 123 7 124 7 125 7 126 7 127 7 140 x option 6 3 X resource background D 4 D 8 customization D 8 defaultDisassemblyMode 9 29 defaultSourceDisplayMode D 5 displayCommandButtonsToggleButton s et 9 28 D 5 displayGroupToggleButton set 9 13 9 28 D 5 dwCallStackDefaultFrames 9 69 D 5 dwLabelDefaultColumns 9 69 D 6 dwMenuHidelInactiveEntries D 6 dwPointerAsArrayDefaultSize 9 72 D 6 dwScrollRegionDefaultLines 9 70 D 6 editor 9 25
376. lue to create the editor string The variable specifier characters are Replaced by That is to get a use s Replaced by the name of the source file 1 Replaced by the line number of the current position P Replaced by the offset in characters of the current position from the begin ning of the file c Replaced by the column of the current position A followed by any other character is ignored An example editor resource is nview editor emacsclient 1 s If the editor resource is not defined then the name of the editor is taken from the EDITOR environment variable If there is no EDITOR variable then vi is used In these cases the editor is invoked with the name of the current source file as the sole argument If your editor can communicate with the X Window System display directly then you should set the resource editorTalksX to true Then the editor is invoked as editorstring Otherwise the editor is run via usr bin X11 xterm e edi torstring The editor runs on the same display as NightView Note that once you have edited the source file NightView displays the new contents but the debugging information still refers to the o d contents For this reason the source decorations may no longer match Also you might get confusing results 9 25 NightView User s Guide from using the special keys in the debug source display or from entering commands based on the new contents Debug Eventpoint Menu
377. lume 1 This discussion refers to the local system and the target system The local system is the system where NightView is invoked The target system is the system where the application program is running In many cases these are the same system but they are distinguished here so that special purpose applications can be dealt with appropriately Many system administrators will simply want to make all their systems be able to be both local and target systems System components If you are using the remote dialogue feature see Remote Dialogues on page 3 6 you must have networking installed on both the local and target systems You must also have in telnetd running on the target system or you must arrange for inetd xinetd on Linux to run it See the man pages for these facilities for more information On Linux your kernel must be built with the CONFIG _PTRACE_ EXT option shared memory regions NightView uses a variety of shared memory regions on both the local and the target system Each shared memory region contributes to the total number of regions and the total number of shared memory clicks on the system Most of the shared mem ory regions also contribute to the number of shared memory identifiers on the sys tem as long as the debugger is running Therefore on PowerMAX OS both the local and target systems must be configured with shared memory enabled The maximum number of shared memory identifiers and the m
378. ly 7 58 set editor 7 58 set exit 7 45 set history 7 49 set language 7 47 set limits 7 49 set local 7 53 set log 7 47 set notify 7 33 set overload 7 57 set patch area size 7 53 set prompt 7 50 set qualifier 7 49 set restart 7 52 set safety 7 52 set search 7 57 set show 7 31 set terminator 7 51 set trace 7 87 shell 7 119 show 7 32 signal 7 110 source 7 119 step 7 105 stepi 7 107 stop 7 109 symbol file 7 36 tbreak 7 98 tpatch 7 99 tracepoint 7 88 translate object file 7 24 undisplay 7 78 up 7 115 vector set 7 80 watchpoint 7 100 x 7 72 commands 3 10 4 25 7 82 7 94 Commands attached to a dialogue 7 27 Commands attached to a program 7 39 7 42 Commands on breakpoint 3 16 5 26 7 84 7 85 7 94 9 48 Glossary 2 Index 5 NightView User s Guide Commands on eventpoint 9 48 Commands on monitorpoint 3 16 7 90 7 94 9 48 Commands on watchpoint 3 16 Comments 7 2 7 141 Compilation by debugger 3 9 3 33 Compiling 1 2 2 2 3 10 3 34 4 2 5 3 Condition agentpoint 3 16 7 122 7 127 9 47 breakpoint 3 16 5 24 7 122 7 123 9 47 Glossary 2 eventpoint 3 9 3 16 7 95 7 98 7 99 7 122 9 47 monitorpoint 3 16 7 122 7 126 9 47 patchpoint 3 16 7 122 7 125 9 47 tracepoint 3 16 7 122 7 124 9 47 watchpoint 3 12 3 16 7 122 7 128 9 47 condition 7 82 7 87 7 93 7 95 Condition removal 7 95 9 47 conditional expression 3 12 3 23 7 84 7 88 7 95 7 99 7 100 CONFIG PTRACE Configuration
379. ly and then immediately deleted after the next time they are executed There need not be a space between the command name and the eventpoint spec The eventpoints to be enabled See Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 The enable command enables for the specified duration each of the eventpoints in the processes specified by the qualifier If neither once nor delete is specified then the given eventpoints are simply enabled If once is specified then the given eventpoints are temporarily enabled The eventpoints will be disabled again after the next time they are hit If delete is specified then for each process in the qualifier the given breakpoints and watchpoints are enabled and also marked for deletion The breakpoints and watchpoints will be deleted after the next time they are hit If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is unsafe then all eventpoints in the processes specified by the qualifier are enabled see set safety on page 7 52 If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is verify then you are prompted for confirmation before the eventpoints are enabled see Replying to Debugger Questions on page 7 19 If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is forbid then no 7 97 NightView User s Guide ignore tbreak 7 98 eventpoints are enabled The effect of the qualifier on this command is to limit the eventpoints enabled to be only those that occur in the process
380. macro 7 141 Index 19 NightView User s Guide redisplay 7 78 Referencing macros 7 143 refresh 7 118 Refreshing terminal 7 118 regexp 7 15 7 65 7 130 7 133 7 136 7 138 7 139 7 145 Register IPL 3 38 Register variable 7 5 Registers 3 1 3 21 3 25 3 27 7 5 7 7 7 76 7 110 7 115 7 129 7 137 9 31 9 62 Glossary 10 display 9 62 Intel A 32 7 7 PowerPC 7 10 printing 7 130 Regular expression 5 16 7 15 7 27 7 57 7 65 7 130 7 133 7 136 7 137 7 138 7 139 7 145 9 20 9 24 9 44 Regular expression examples 7 17 release mcontrol release 7 91 Release button 9 58 Remote dialogue 3 6 7 22 9 22 9 52 A 1 Glossary 10 Remote Login Dialog Box 9 52 Remote system 3 6 Repeating commands 4 14 7 2 7 18 7 62 Replacing commands 7 144 representation info representation 7 139 Rerunning a program 3 15 3 16 7 40 7 42 7 45 Resizing windows 9 12 Resource background D 4 D 8 boldFontList D 3 customization D 8 defaultDisassemblyMode 9 29 defaultSourceDisplayMode D 5 displayCommandButtonsToggleButton s et 9 28 D 5 displayGroupToggleButton set 9 13 9 28 D 5 distinctBackground D 4 distinctForeground D 4 dwCallStackDefaultFrames 9 69 D 5 dwLabelDefaultColumns 9 69 D 6 dwMenuHidelnactiveEntries D 6 dwPointerAsArrayDefaultSize 9 72 D 6 dwScrollRegionDefaultLines 9 70 D 6 editor 9 25 D 5 editorTalksX 9 25 D 5 feedbackBackground D 4 feedbackDoneBackground D 4 feedbackDoneForeground D 4 feedbackForeground D
381. mand In the parent process on the line that displays how long the parent is sleeping patch in the assignment expression just described Solution For the C program you should enter parent patchpoint at 16 eval isec sig_ct 3 1 For the Fortran program you should enter parent patchpoint at 17 eval isec mod sig ct 3 1 For the Ada program you should enter parent patchpoint at 15 eval isec sig ct rem 3 1 For the C program NightView responds with the following local 15625 Patchpoint 9 set at parent c 16 For the Fortran program NightView responds with the following local 15625 Patchpoint 9 set at parent f 17 For the Ada program NightView responds with the following local 15625 Patchpoint 9 set at parent a 15 Disabling a Breakpoint 4 28 You want to run msg to completion without stopping at breakpoint 8 Exercise Read about the disable command Use it to disable breakpoint 8 set in section Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint on page 4 24 Tutorial Solution You should enter one of parent disable 8 parent disa 8 Examining Eventpoints An eventpoint is a generic term which includes breakpoints patchpoints monitorpoints agentpoints and tracepoints You want to examine the locations associated commands and statistics related to the eventpoints you have set in msg Exercise Read about the info eventpoint command Use it to examine all eventpoints Solution
382. mand whose regular expression matches the dialogue name will have its commands executed In its first form given only a regular expression the on dialogue command will remove any commands that were associated with the given regular expression If no regular expression is given then all previously defined on dialogue commands are removed If your safety level is set to forbid you are not allowed to remove all on dialogue commands If your safety level is set to verify NightView requests verification before removing all on dialogue commands See set safety on page 7 52 In its second and third forms the on dialogue command will associate a sequence of one or more user specified debugger commands with the given regular expression Macro invocations are not expanded when reading the commands to associate with the regular 7 27 NightView User s Guide 7 28 expression If dialogue local is started up automatically by NightView then it will exist before any commands in your NightViewrc file are read In this case NightView automatically runs the on dialogue command after all the initialization files have been processed See apply on dialogue on page 7 29 See Initialization Files on page 3 34 The default qualifier for all commands associated with the given regular expression will be the newly created dialogue The commands specified by on dialogue are event triggered commands they have an implied safety level
383. matching pattern is on a debug command then the process will be debugged Ifit was on a nodebug command then the process will not be debugged The pattern matches everything so the list of patterns is always reset when appears as an argument Since each dialogue always starts with either debug or nodebug in the list it is impossible to pick a file name that does not match at some point in the list The default pattern list for a dialogue is nodebug bin sbin usr X11R6 bin usr ada bin usr ada bin usr bin usr bin X11 usr ccs usr ccs usr kerberos bin usr kerberos sbin usr lib usr lib usr lib usr lib usr lib usr lib usr lib usr local bin usr local sbin usr sbin usr ucb usr ucblib debug To print the list of debug and nodebug patterns see info dialogue on page 7 132 NightView User s Guide nodebug Specify names for programs you do not wish to debug nodebug pattern pattern A wildcard pattern matching the name of a program to avoid debugging This command is typically used in combination with the debug command to control which programs are debugged in a dialogue The complete syntax of wildcards and the algorithm used to match files is described in the debug command see debug on page 7 23 Example afamily nodebug afamily debug x This example uses nodebug to turn off all
384. me of the messages might not come out exactly as shown Some messages might not appear or additional messages might appear depending on your environment A Quick Start GUI S nview fact NightView displays the Dialogue Window and a dialog box See Dialogue Window on page 9 16 and Program Arguments Dialog Box on page 9 20 The dialog box says the following To debug program fact enter any command line arguments you want to supply to the program and press OK Press Cancel if you do not want to debug program fact Enter the number 7 as an argument and click on the OK button The dialogue I O area displays the following information usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug fact 7 NightView always runs a special program usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug release is the NightView release level This program helps NightView synchronize with the shell That s why you see that line in the output You might see only one echo of usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug depending on how quickly the dialogue shell starts The dollar signs are prompts from the shell When NightView started it automatically created a dialogue named local it also displayed the string local as the qualifier showing that by default commands apply to that dialogue or the processes running in that dialogue Your answers to the dialog box sent the line fact 7 to the local dial
385. ment is not present then this command queries the level of the subprogram or the specified keyword at location spec Set or query the interest level for the subprogram specified by location spec See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If no location spec is present it defaults to cpc Ifthe at keyword is present it must be followed by a location spec If no level is specified then the at keyword is required to dis tinguish some forms of location specifiers from a level inline Set or query the inline interest level If this level is less than the interest level threshold then all inline subprograms have the minimum interest level unless their interest level has been explicitly set with interest level location spec The initial value of this level is 0 justlines Set or query the interest level for subprograms with line number information but no other debug information The initial value is 2 nodebug Set or query the interest level for subprograms with no debug information e g system library routines Without debug information the interest level cannot be specified for individual subprograms so NightView uses the value specified by this form The initial value is 4 threshold Set or query the interest level threshold NightView uses to decide whether a subprogram is interesting The initial value is 0 The interest command sets or queries the information NightView uses to decide which subprograms are inter
386. menu 9 32 Debug View menu 5 17 5 19 5 31 5 33 9 14 9 15 9 28 Debug Window 2 3 5 6 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 14 5 15 5 17 5 22 5 24 5 28 5 29 9 1 9 6 9 11 9 13 9 14 9 15 9 20 9 21 9 28 9 29 9 31 9 34 9 36 9 39 9 41 9 42 9 43 9 44 9 45 9 56 9 74 9 75 Glossary 4 Principal 5 6 D 6 Index user created Glossary 12 Debugger 3 1 Glossary 3 gdb 1 1 1 4 NightView 1 5 3 1 symbolic 3 1 Debugging multiple processes 3 2 real time 3 6 single process 3 2 Declaration printing 7 139 Default color D 4 D 7 D 8 Glossary 4 Default font D 2 D 3 D 7 Glossary 4 defaultDisassemblyMode resource 9 29 defaultSourceDisplayMode resource D 5 define 7 140 7 143 Defining a macro 7 141 delay 7 120 delete 4 22 7 82 7 93 7 95 Delete button 5 23 9 49 9 51 Delete key 9 6 Deleting agentpoints 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deleting breakpoints 4 22 5 22 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deleting eventpoints 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deleting monitorpoints 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deleting patchpoints 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deleting tracepoints 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deleting watchpoints 7 95 9 49 9 51 Deselecting objects 9 9 9 10 detach 7 24 7 27 7 35 9 19 9 23 Detach button 9 19 Detaching 3 2 3 17 7 20 7 26 7 27 7 35 7 89 9 19 9 23 Glossary 4 Dialog Box 2 3 2 7 9 10 9 20 Agentpoint 9 27 9 45 Attach 3 3 9 20 Breakpoint 5 24 5 25 5 26 9 26 9 40 9 45 Confirm Exit 9 15 Data Window Add Expression 9 31 9 67 Data Window Add Local Variables 9 31
387. mes that Night View knows about See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 For example enter mod c to search for source file names that start with mod followed by any num ber of characters and ending with c A list of source files is displayed and one source file can be selected for display in the debug source display The Select a Source File dialog box is one variation of the debug source selec tion dialog box which is also used by the List Function Unit menu item See Debug Source Selection Dialog Box on page 9 44 List Any File Mnemonic A Selecting this menu item pops up a file selection dialog box that allows you to choose any file you wish and list it in the debug source display See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 Edit Graphical User Interface This dialog box is titled Select a File See Debug File Selection Dialog Box on page 9 45 Mnemonic E Selecting this item lets you edit the source file that is currently displayed in the debug source display See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 This item is dis abled dimmed if the window is displaying disassembly There are some rules for determining how the editor is invoked The resource edi tor is expected to be a string editorstring that describes how to invoke the editor The string may contain variable specifiers which are composed of a followed by another character The variable specifiers are replaced by an appropriate va
388. mmand See detach on page 7 35 Depending on the safety level see set safety on page 7 52 NightView may dis play a warning dialog box when you use the Detach menu item See Warning Dialog Box on page 9 15 Mnemonic K Selecting this item causes NightView to terminate the currently displayed process if in single process mode or each process listed in the group area list if in group pro cess mode See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 This is similar to using the ki11 command See kill on page 7 36 Depending on the safety level see set safety on page 7 52 NightView may dis play a warning dialog box when you use the Kill menu item See Warning Dialog Box on page 9 15 Mnemonic S This menu provides ways of changing the program code displayed in this window s source display area and editing source files that are listed See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 9 23 NightView User s Guide 9 24 Because the source display area shows only one process s program code at a time the items in this menu act independently of whether the window is in single or group process mode See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 List Function Unit Mnemonic F Selecting this menu item pops up a dialog box that allows you to list the program code of a func
389. most button button 2 the middle button and button 3 the rightmost button You can reassign the functions associated with mouse buttons by using xmodmap 1 If you do not have a three button mouse see your system administrator or read sections on input and navigation in the OSF Motif Style Guide Use mouse button 1 when you are told to click drag press and select This chapter refers to using a mouse and refers to clicking on objects to select them or to activate them but you may also use keyboard selection and activation See Keys on page 9 11 You can customize the NightView GUI See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 Sample debug sessions showing how to use the NightView graphical user interface are available See Chapter 2 A Quick Start GUI on page 2 1 See Chapter 5 Tutorial GUI on page 5 1 NightView GUI Concepts GUI Overview This section explains concepts that you need to understand so that you can use the NightView graphical user interface to its fullest advantage The Graphical User Interface contains these major types of windows e Dialogue Window e Debug Window 9 1 NightView User s Guide GUI Online Help 9 2 e Monitor Window GUI e Data Window e Global Window e Help Window Each of these major windows has supporting dialog boxes which are described with the corresponding major window See Dialogues and Dialog Boxes on page 9 10 A Dialogue Window is used to control
390. mple local 441 115 break name loop sort c 42 This example sets two breakpoints at line 42 of the file named sort c and associates both breakpoints with the name loop One of the breakpoints is set in process 441 and the other breakpoint is set in process 115 Each of the two breakpoints is assigned a unique breakpoint number Install a small patch to a routine patchpoint eventpoint modifier name patchpoint name at location spec eval expression 7 85 NightView User s Guide Insert an expression in the program patchpoint eventpoint modifier name patchpoint name lat location spec goto location spec Insert a branch in the program eventpoint modifier Specifies the patchpoint modifier See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 name patchpoint name Patchpoints are assigned event numbers and the name syntax as well as the name command see name on page 7 83 may be used to give them names See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 at location spec Specify the exact point in the program to execute the patchpoint see Loca tion Specifiers on page 7 12 The patchpoint is executed immediately prior to any existing code at this location If location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 eval expression This variant of the patchpoint command specifies an expression to inser
391. n NightView assumes you want to exit the debugger NightView displays a dialog box allowing you to confirm this assumption Message The dialog box that pops up contains text that indicates that this is the last open win dow and asks you if you want to exit the debugger Action Area Buttons Selecting the OK button tells the debugger to go ahead and exit the debugger Selecting the Cancel button tells the debugger to cancel the request to exit the debugger If you wish to get help select the Help button You must select either the OK button or the Cancel button before you can continue Warning and Error Dialog Boxes If an error occurs or if you have instructed NightView to take an action that may result in the loss of data NightView displays warning or error windows to alert you to the error or the unsafe action Often you need to acknowledge the warning or error before you can continue by clicking on one of the buttons A default choice is indicated by a highlighted box around one of the buttons Warning Dialog Box Certain actions performed by the debugger are considered unsafe They cause a warning dialog box to pop up and ask you for verification to perform the unsafe action Warning Message 9 15 NightView User s Guide The warning dialog box that pops up contains text that specifies the unsafe action that is to be performed Action Area Buttons Selecting the OK button tells the debugger to go ahead and per
392. n a process Tracing only works if the ntraceud 1 monitor program has been started prior to adding tracepoints to the process It is the responsibility of the user to make sure that the monitor is started it may be started from within NightView using the she11 command see shell on page 7 119 Memory Mapped I O Special purpose programs often attach to regions of memory mapped to 1 O space This memory is sometimes very sensitive to the size of reads and writes often requiring an 8 bit or 16 bit reference With the proc or debug agent mechanisms the debugger may access memory using 8 bit 16 bit or 32 bit references See proc and ptrace on page 3 18 See also Debug Agent on page 3 19 This means you should probably avoid referencing I O mapped memory unless the size of access does not matter Be especially careful of printing pointers to strings e g variables declared to be char in C or C because the debugger automatically dereferences these variables to print the referenced string Note that accesses made by tracepoints monitorpoints and patchpoints will be made according to the natural data type of the variable accessed so those accesses should normally work correctly Blocking Interrupts If you are debugging a program containing sections of code that raise IPL and block interrupts you can easily get a CPU hung or crash the system by attempting to single step through this code or by hitting a breakp
393. n dies 3 27 Inline Subprogram ua a dan tari Slee Pane Sa eas 3 27 Interesting Subprograms 0 0 e teen eens 3 28 Monitor Window oooooooocoo cent t nent teen nee 3 29 EOS coi cape ete etree Ghee ioe mite hide eee es 3 30 Command Streams 1 2 0 ccc eect een ett eens 3 31 Interrupting the Debugger osise tiyri iet ee A ea n eens 3 32 Macros ee a rt MESS ata SA R a a iaa 3 32 Convenience Variabl gecene e 0 ccc EE O TEE E E E 3 33 TOS BING A e Ne St el E o e e ne wy 3 33 Value Histotias A Oe id 3 33 Command History oooooooooor cette tenet eens 3 34 Initialization Files coi eels lee ne Be Eo PRS ia ac 3 34 OPEMIZA OM occ sev sois ee wie end rig St ca 3 34 Debugging Ada Programs 0 cece ccc ttt teen eee 3 35 Packages 0 32 had de cat oe ek SAA eae Sade ee eA ee taht 3 35 Exception Handle Ad Ee eee 3 35 Multithreaded ProgramS ooooooooooooo n ett n nen eee 3 35 Using NightView with Other Tools 0 0 cee cece enn eee 3 36 Limitations and Warnings 0 cette teens 3 37 SEA Programs 2 seer lk eee ee SL a a Re ee en 3 37 Attach Permissions o A ane 3 37 Frequency Based Scheduler 0 00 c ec cece eens 3 37 NightTrace Monitor 00 cette nee ees 3 38 Memory Mapped VO eee Oe oe PR ee Rd 3 38 Blocking Interrupts pce pide da ann ek oth Sen eS 3 38 User Level Interrupts sce ace fe a Es et Rea hee 3 38 Debugging with Shared Libraries 0 00 00 cece eee ees 3 39
394. n matched against local variable names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 Print a description of every local variable visible in the current context If the regexp argument is given print only the variables with names matching the regular expression The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 The term local variables is defined to include all variables with any sort of restricted scope External variables visible throughout the program are never listed by this command The information listed for each variable includes The name of the variable e The type of the variable The current value of the variable The location of the variable e The scope of the variable directly visible inherited from an outer block etc Print global variable information info address info sources info functions Command Line Interface info variables regexp regexp A regular expression matched against global variable names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 This command prints information about global variables When the regexp argument is given it prints only variable names matching the regular expression The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Determine the location of a variable info address identifie
395. n of the executable code in memory Users should not modify this regis ter Modification of this register in patchpoints and eventpoint conditions is prohib ited The stack segment register The IA 32 architecture uses this register to determine the location of the process stack Users should not modify this register Ses fs gs The data segment registers The IA 32 architecture uses the ds register to deter mine the location of the process data Users should not modify that register Care should be taken if modifying Ses fs or gs Command Line Interface st0 through st7 These names map onto the 8 floating point registers The floating point registers on the IA 32 always hold 80 bit double extended precision 1 e long double values Note that the architecture defines these registers as a stack Also note that these reg isters are aliases of the registers mm0 through mm7 cwd and fctrl These names map onto the floating point control register They are synonyms swd or fstat These names map onto the floating point status register They are synonyms Stwd or ftag These names map onto the floating point tag word register They are synonyms Sfipor fioff These names map onto the lower 32 bits of the floating point last instruction pointer register They are synonyms fcs or fiseg These names map onto the upper 16 bits of the floating point last instruction pointer register They are synonyms Sfop This n
396. n page 7 42 for more informa tion B 1 NightView User s Guide clear Clear all eventpoints at a given location See clear on page 7 93 for more infor mation commands Attach commands to a breakpoint or monitorpoint See commands on page 7 94 for more information condition Attach a condition to an eventpoint See condition on page 7 95 for more infor mation continue c Continue execution and wait for something to happen See continue on page 7 103 for more information core file Create a pseudo process for debugging an aborted program s core image file See core file on page 7 37 for more information data display Control items in a Data Window See data display on page 7 76 for more infor mation debug Specify names for programs you wish to debug See debug on page 7 23 for more information define Define a NightView macro See define on page 7 140 for more information delay Delay NightView command execution for a specified time See delay on page 7 120 for more information delete d Delete an eventpoint See delete on page 7 95 for more information detach Stop debugging a list of processes See detach on page 7 35 for more informa tion directory Set the directory search path See directory on page 7 63 for more information Summary of Commands disable Disable an eventpoint See disable on page 7 9
397. n scheduling class See the run 1 command man page for more information about time quan tum You may use the units option menu to the right of this field to specify the time units to apply to the quantum value On a Linux target in the Round Robin scheduling class the Nice Value determines the quantum If the user specifies both Nice Value and Time Quantum values the Time Quantum value takes precendence CPU and memory binding information Binding Type This option menu selects the kind of CPU binding to apply to the remote NightView processes You may wish to use this if you want to isolate the NightView processes to a particular CPU or set of CPUs If you select the Bias option the CPU toggle buttons will be enabled and allow you to select any set of CPUs If you select Exclusive the CPU toggle buttons are enabled but you are restricted to selecting exactly one CPU If you select any other choice in the Binding Type menu the CPU toggle buttons are disabled Exclusive binding is not supported on a Linux target CPU These toggle buttons allow you to select the CPUs on which the remote Night View processes can execute They are enabled only for the Bias or Exclu sive binding type options When these toggle buttons are enabled the OK button is disabled until you select at least one CPU NUMA These option menus allow you to select the memory binding parameters for the remote NightView processes You may need to use these to keep
398. n the debug source display indicates that execution stopped there This source line decoration appears on line 11 of parent c line 15 of par ent f and line 6 ofparent a Note it is not meaningful to do a Down without doing an Up first as you did in section Moving in the Stack Frames GUI on page 5 19 5 21 NightView User s Guide Resuming Execution GUI You want to continue the execution of the child process so that it will get signals as soon as they are sent by the parent process Exercise Use the Resume debug command button to resume execution of the child process Solution You should switch to the child process by clicking on the child process s entry in the debug group area process list and then clicking on the Switch To button Then you should click on the Resume button After pressing Switch To the debug source file shown is child c child f or child a Switched to process local 13504 appears in the debug message area After pressing Resume NightView disables dims most of the debug command buttons The debug status area and the debug group area show the status Running This means that the process is currently executing Exercise The remainder of this tutorial does not deal with the child process directly Arrange for the remaining commands to affect only the parent process Solution You should switch to the parent process by clicking on the parent process s entry in the debug group a
399. n the msg program the parent process sends signal SIGUSR1 to the child process It then sleeps as a crude way of syn chronizing the sending and receiving of signals Having execution stop because of this signal is not desirable in this case Exercise Read about the handle command Use it to adjust the default handling of the SIGUSR1 signal so that the process does not stop Solution In the debug command area you should enter one of the following handle SIGUSR1 nostop ha usrl nos and press Return NightView echoes this command and displays in the debug message area Signal handling complete Note you had to issue the handle command after invoking msg so the handle command could be applied to existing processes Setting the First Breakpoints GUI A breakpoint is set on the executable statement where you want program execution sus pended The program stops at the breakpoint before it executes the instruction where the breakpoint is set Exercise Read about the Breakpoint debug command button in the Debug Window Set a separate breakpoint to stop at each of the following places The line that prompts for the number of signals to send The call to child routine The comment before the call to parent routine 5 9 NightView User s Guide Solution You should alternate between clicking on a prospective breakpoint line in the debug source display and clicking on the Breakpoint debug command button Pause b
400. n the problem occurs Do you get any error messages Exactly what incorrect behavior do you see How will we know when we have reproduced the problem Try to isolate the problem to a small test program and a small series of actions in the debugger This is not always possible but to the extent that you can isolate the problem that will help us reproduce and fix it Be explicit about exactly how to reproduce the problem Try not to leave out any facts even if you think you know the cause of the problem NightView User s Guide H 2 accelerator Ada task agentpoint anchored match application application resource attaching breakpoint Glossary This glossary defines terms used in NightView Terms in italics are defined here A special key used to select a menu item quickly in the graphical user interface See also mnemonic See Keys on page 9 11 Ada tasks are entities whose executions proceed in parallel Different tasks proceed inde pendently except at points where they synchronize A call to the debug agent see Debug Agent on page 3 19 inserted by NightView at your direction You can set an agentpoint with the agentpoint command See agent point on page 7 92 Agentpoints may be conditional The entire string must match the regular expression Put another way a is implied at the beginning of the regular expression and a is implied at the end of the regular expression See Regular
401. n type See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Use the spin box to enter the subscript of the array element you want to see See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 This is the pos value Or you can use the combo box to select the array subscript by name See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 Click on OK to show the array element Data Window Text Query This dialog box pops up when you click on Describe in the Data Item Popup Menu and the data item does not have a value See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 This dialog box shows information about the data item Click on OK to dismiss the window Data Window Value Query This dialog box pops up when you click on Describe in the Data Item Popup Menu and the data item has a value See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 This dialog box shows information about the expression Click on OK to dismiss the window 9 73 NightView User s Guide Global Window The Global Window provides global interaction and gives you control over dialogues There is only one instance of a Global Window for an invocation of NightView The Global Window is normally hidden and appears only when you ask to see it or when no Dialogue Windows exist You can display the Global Window by choosing the Open Global Window menu item found in the NightView menu of both the Debug and Dialogue Windows See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 See Dialogue NightView Menu on page 9 17
402. nd the child By default NightView interprets all input as debugger commands Exercise Assume that you want to send ten signals See what problems arise when you simply enter the number ten 4 11 NightView User s Guide Solution You should enter local 10 NightView responds with an error message Exercise Read about the command Use it to make NightView understand that the 10 is data for the msg program For information about Dialogue I O see Dialogue I O on page 3 5 and on page 7 30 Solution You should enter local 10 NightView responds with local As described in Starting NightView on page 4 3 NightView sometimes has output that does not appear until you press Return Press Space then press Return to see your input echoed NightView responds with 10 local Creating Families 4 12 Naming a process or process group has the following advantages over specifying PIDs Mnemonic names are often easier to remember and type than numeric PIDs e You can group PIDs with a single name so that qualified NightView com mands act only on the processes in the group e You can write generic NightView command files that use process names instead of specific PIDs In this tutorial you will want to issue some NightView commands that pertain only to the parent process and others that pertain only to the child process Tutorial Exercise Read about the family command Use
403. nd Error Help This tutorial expects you to look up information in the NightView manual For the com mand line and simple screen interfaces online help is available only for error messages For general help you need to read the printed manual or consult the online help via Night View s graphical user interface or vianhelp 1 When this tutorial refers to another section of the manual use one of those methods to read the section Exercise Try to use the non existent foo command Solution You should enter local foo Note do not enter the local It is part of the command prompt NightView responds with Error Unrecognizable command foo E command proc003 local Exercise Now invoke help without any arguments Solution You should enter one of local help local he NightView displays additional information about your most recent error and prints a new command prompt Note that he is not an official abbreviation for the help command however you may abbreviate NightView commands and some keywords to the shortest unambiguous prefix For more information see Command Syntax on page 7 1 You cannot abbreviate file names symbolic names or NightView construct names Exercise Once again invoke help without any arguments Solution You should enter one of NightView User s Guide local help local he Note that NightView does not redisplay the extended error information it
404. nd perform global NightView actions The NightView menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window 9 21 NightView User s Guide Create Debug Window Mnemonic D Selecting this menu item allows you to create a new Debug Window See Debug Window on page 9 21 A dialog box is displayed that allows you to select one or more qualifier specifiers to define the new window You can also provide a name for the new Debug Window See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 See Debug Group Selection Dialog Box on page 9 43 Open Principal Debug Window Mnemonic P Selecting this menu item opens the Principal Debug Window See Debug Window Behavior on page 9 13 This menu item is disabled dimmed if the Principal Debug Window is already open Open Global Window Mnemonic G Selecting this menu item opens the Global Window This menu item is disabled dimmed if the Global Window is already open See Global Window on page 9 74 Start Remote Dialogue Mnemonic R Selecting this menu item allows you to create a remote dialogue on a target system of your choice A dialog box is displayed that allows you to choose parameters for the remote dialogue See Remote Login Dialog Box on page 9 52 Close Window Mnemonic C Selecting this menu item closes this window and any related dialog box windows If this is a Debug Window closing the win
405. ndled exception Specifies the handling by NightView of exceptions raised by the program when the program has no handler of its own for that exception keyword keyword is one of stop nostop print noprint pass or nopass Multiple keywords may be specified handle tells the debugger how to deal with signals sent to or exceptions generated by the user program Here are the meanings of the keywords stop The process stops when it gets this signal or exception print is implied with this keyword nostop The process continues executing automatically after the signal or exception You may still use print to tell you when the signal or exception has occurred print NightView notifies you that the signal or exception has occurred In the com mand line interface a message is printed to your terminal In the graphical user interface a message is printed in the Debug Message Area See Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 noprint You do not receive notification when the signal or exception occurs nostop is implied with this keyword pass The signal will be passed to your process the next time it executes This key word is not applicable to Ada exceptions NOTE On Linux there is no way to pass SIGSTOP to a process being debugged 7 112 Command Line Interface nopass The signal is discarded after stopping and printing if that s appropriate This key
406. ndow all the command line interface commands except for shell can be entered in the debug command area Input to this area is similar to using the command line interface For example you can enter an explicit qualifier followed by a command If you do not specify a qualifier the command is implicitly qualified by the currently displayed process if you are in single process mode or by the group of processes represented in this Debug Window if you are in group process mode See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 The debug command area is a combo box See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 Debug Group Area 9 42 The debug group area provides a list of all the processes that are represented in this Debug Window Scroll bars appear if the list requires more space than the group area currently provides The list is followed by the Switch To button which allows you to switch the currently displayed process to a process that you have selected in the list The list selection policy is browse which means you can select only one list item at a time See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 Each item or row in the list contains the following information about one process the qualifier specifier of each process the executable file name and an abbreviated status indicator See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 If the status information for a process changes it is updated in the list
407. ne corresponding to the frame called by the current frame This command is applied to each process in the qualifier select context Select the context of an Ada task a thread a Lightweight Process LWP or a thread process select context default select context task expression select context thread expression select context l1wp wpid select context pid pid default This keyword selects the stack frame for the context where the process has stopped On PowerMAX OS if the process contains multiple Lightweight Processes the operating system chooses one of them as the default context On Linux if the process has threads the default context is the thread process that stopped the process See Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 task expression The task keyword selects the context of an Ada task The expression must either denote a task object or it must be an integer or pointer whose value is the address of a Task Control Block TCB thread expression The thread keyword selects the context of a thread created by thr create 3thread The expression must be the thread_t value returned by thr_create for a currently active thread 7 116 Command Line Interface 1wp wpid The 1wp keyword selects the context of a specific Lightweight Process LWP The wpid is the ID of the Lightweight Process whose context is selected pid pid The pid keyword selects the context of a specific thread process The pid is the
408. ne of the most frequently used features of a debugger You can set a breakpoint at any place in a program you are debugging and when execution reaches that point the program will stop You may then use the debugger to examine the current values of variables set additional breakpoints etc See breakpoint on page 7 84 You may also specify an arbitrary set of debugger commands to execute each time a breakpoint is hit if it is a conditional breakpoint that means only when the condition is satisfied See commands on page 7 94 If you are debugging a real time program you may wish to monitor the value of one or more variables without interrupting the execution of your program Monitorpoints allow you to do this A monitorpoint is code inserted at a specified location by the debugger that will save the value of one or more expressions which you specify Because the expressions are evaluated by the program within a specific context the expressions may reference local stack variables and machine registers and may call functions in your program The saved values are then periodically displayed by NightView in a Monitor Window see Monitor Window on page 3 29 You can set a monitorpoint using the monitorpoint command See monitorpoint on page 7 90 Note that the expressions you specify are evaluated every time execution passes the location of the monitorpoint unless the monitorpoint is disabled or has a condition or an ignore
409. need to be aware of when you use a remote dialogue Because source files and debug information are read on the local system those files or copies of them need to be accessible on the local system This is particularly true of the executable program file because that is where the debug information resides When a debugged process execs a new program NightView attempts to determine the location of the executable program file See Finding Your Program on page 3 8 With a remote dialogue NightView assumes that the pathname of the executable program file is the same or locates identical files on both systems If this is not true then NightView is not able to read debug information for that program until you specify the correct pathname with the symbol file command or use object filename translations See symbol file on page 7 36 Also see translate object file on page 7 24 You may need to configure your local and remote systems to be able to use NightView remote dialogues See Appendix A System Resource Requirements on page A 1 for more information about configuring systems for NightView Creating a new dialogue involves logging into a system see login on page 7 21 You may login again as yourself or as another user subject to a password check When a dialogue is created it executes your login shell or more accurately the login shell of the user whom you logged in as Logging in runs your profile or other ini
410. nes You will see a different ten source lines depending on how you ran the list command Executable lines have an asterisk source line decoration beside the line numbers For more information about source line decorations see Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 The list command is repeatable Press Return Now you see the next ten lines of the source file Keep pressing Return until you get an end of file message Tutorial Exercise List the source file so the display is centered around line 16 Solution You should enter one of local list main c 16 for the C program local 1 main c 16 for the C program local list main f 16 for the Fortran program local 1 main 16 for the Fortran program local list main a 16 for the Ada program local 1 main a 16 for the Ada program local list 16 local 1 16 NightView responds by listing the lines Setting the First Breakpoints A breakpoint is set on the executable statement where you want program execution sus pended The program stops at the breakpoint before it executes the instruction where the breakpoint is set Exercise Read about the breakpoint command Set a separate breakpoint to stop at each of the following places The line that prompts for the number of signals to send e The call to child routine The comment before the call to parent routine Solution For the C program this part of your debug session should look
411. nfo representation expression Abbreviation representation expression An expression for which the data type is to be determined See Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 Describe the storage representation of the result type of the expression The expression is not evaluated Print the declaration of variables or types info declaration regexp Abbreviation ptype regexp A regular expression to match against type names and variable names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 The regexp parameter may specify type or variable names visible in the current context This command prints the complete declaration of all matching names The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 Print the names of the executable symbol table and core files info files For each process specified in the command qualifier print the names of the executable file symbol table file and core file associated with the process the executable and symbol table files are usually the same Describe location of a source line info line at ocation spec location spec Query the source line number associated with this location Describe the location of the source line implied by the ocation spec argument see Location Specifiers on page 7 12 The information printed includes 7 139 NightView User s Guide The address of the location sp
412. ng otherwise information from the libraries may not match the core file If you are not debugging multiple processes you will probably never need to worry about command qualifiers but for multiprocess debugging they are essential A qualifier is used to restrict a command so it operates only on specific processes There is always a default qualifier in effect but any command may be given an explicit qualifier Most qualified commands act as though the command was specified once for each process for instance the breakpoint command sets a separate breakpoint in each of the processes specified in its qualifier Some commands treat the qualifier in special ways and other commands ignore the qualifier Any special treatment is described in the section on each command Qualifiers are specified as a prefix on the command The complete description may be found in Command Syntax on page 7 1 and Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 Dialogues are one of the most important and unique concepts in NightView Essentially a dialogue is just an ordinary shell where you run commands as you would normally run them in the shell in fact you are running your normal shell but in a dialogue you have the opportunity to debug any or all of the programs you run in the dialogue shell Most debuggers have special commands to tell the debugger which program to debug and what arguments to give it In NightView the way to debug a program is to run it
413. ning to that element along with the output of commands and actions performed in that window These message areas are scrolling text areas and each is headed by the word Messages above the scrolling text See Global Output Area on page 9 75 See Dialogue Message Area on page 9 18 See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 Above each scrolling text area to the right of the Messages label is an area used to provide feedback to the user when NightView is busy performing a task that might prevent or delay other user interaction This area will display one of two forms of feedback e An output only text field displaying a message The message indicates the task that NightView is performing The background color of this field indi cates that it is an output only field See NightStar Color Resources on page D 4 e A progress bar displaying both a message and a visual indication of progress The message again indicates the task that NightView is perform ing and the progress bar gives an approximate indication of how much of the task is done and how much is left to do The colors used for progress indication are user customizable see NightStar Color Resources on page D 4 Some tasks involve an amount of work that is difficult to quantify from the begin ning In those cases a number may be included in the feedback message that indi cates the current estimate of the amount of work to be done This number may change as
414. ns for the window invoke other NightStar tools and obtain online help Data NightView Menu Mnemonic N The NightView menu is used to control NightView windows and perform global Night View actions The NightView menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window See Debug NightView Menu on page 9 21 for a description of the individual Night View menu items Data File Menu Mnemonic F Save Snapshot Mnemonic S This menu item lets you save the current contents of the Data Window to a text file Clicking on this button brings up a dialog box that lets you specify the name of a file in which to save the data You can also record a comment in the file to describe the data that is being saved See Data Window Save Snapshot on page 9 72 Data Options Menu Mnemonic O Scroll Region Size Mnemonic S Clicking on this button pops up a dialog box that lets you set the default scroll region size for items in this window See Data Window Default Scroll Lines on page 9 69 Label Columns Mnemonic L Clicking on this button pops up a dialog box that lets you set the default width of the label columns for each item in the window See Data Window Default Label Col umns on page 9 69 9 59 NightView User s Guide Data Display Menu Data Tools Menu 9 60 Call Stack Frames Mnemonic C Clicking on this button pops up a dialog
415. ns which will be used to print expression values or contents of memory respectively each time one of the specified processes in the qualifier stops hits a breakpoint receives a signal etc display adds a language or memory address expression to the list In order to determine whether the given expression is a language or address expression the parameters before the expression are first examined If a repeat count or size letter is given or if either of the x format letters s or 1 is given then the expression is treated as an addr expression Otherwise the expression is treated as a language expression When one of the processes specified by the qualifier stops each enabled item in the display item list is evaluated The indicated expression value or memory location is displayed each item beginning on a new line Each display item has an item number followed by the text of the expression and then the expression s value or the contents of 7 77 NightView User s Guide undisplay redisplay 7 78 memory If a language expression for an item cannot be evaluated in the currently defined language output will not appear for that item however a summary of the unevaluated items will appear at the end of the display output The space between display and may be omitted If no print format letter is given for a language expression expression is printed in a format corresponding to the data type of the expression at the time
416. nt usr ada bin a intro usr lib NightView Tutorial a usr ada bin a partition create active main main msg usr ada bin a build v msg usr ada bin a rmenv For HAPSE Ada you should enter usr hapse bin a mklib g f usr hapse bin a make v lib o msg main f usr lib NightView Tutorial a usr hapse bin a rmlib You should now have a msg program with debug information in your nview directory Note that for this tutorial the source files should not be in this directory Starting NightView You are ready to start up NightView without the graphical user interface Exercise Read how to invoke the command line interface of NightView You can find this infor mation in the manual on the man page or by invoking nview with the help option Start up the command line interface of NightView 4 3 NightView User s Guide Solution In the index Starting the debugger Invoking the debugger and nview invoking have this information See Chapter 6 Invoking NightView on page 6 1 You should enter one of nview nogui nview nog Note that in this tutorial msg does not appear on the nview invocation line NightView responds with nview nogui NightView debugger Version 5 1 linked Mon Jan 17 13 57 27 EST 2000 Copyright C 2000 Concurrent Computer Corporation In case of confusion type help Use the run command to run your program under the debugger local These
417. nt print format letter expression Abbreviation p set expression x repeat count size letter x format letter addr expression output print format letter expression echo text data display window window name kind value expression display print format letter expression display repeat count size letter x format letter addr expression undisplay item number redisplay item number printf format string expression load object vector set value component component vector set value repeat count component Manipulating Eventpoints name add name eventpoint spec breakpoint eventpoint modifier name breakpoint name at location spec if conditional expression Abbreviation b patchpoint eventpoint modifier name patchpoint name at location spec eval expression NightView User s Guide C 6 patchpoint eventpoint modifier name patchpoint name at location spec goto location spec set trace eventmap event map file tracepoint eventpoint modifier event id name tracepoint name at location spec value logged expression if conditional expression monitorpoint eventpoint modifier name monitorpoint name at location spec mcontrol display nodisplay monitorpoint spec mcontrol delay milliseconds mcontrol off on stale nostale hold release Abbreviation hold Abbreviation release agentpoint
418. nt This is because the eventpoint expressions are compiled into your program by the debugger and these constructs must be evaluated at compile time In the rare case of a user program which contains variables that have a in their name the user program variable is always referenced in preference to the convenience variable Predefined Convenience Variables You may create any number of convenience variables simply by assigning values to new names but some variables are predefined and have special values The and variables have already been documented see Special Expression Syntax on page 7 4 The following special variables are all automatically defined on a per process basis Table 7 2 Predefined Convenience Variables 7 6 5 This variable holds the address of the last item dumped with the x command see x on page 7 72 It is also set by the eventpoint status commands to the address of the last eventpoint listed and the info line command to the address of the first executable instruction in the line If you were dumping words it holds the address of the last word If you were dumping bytes it holds the address of the last byte etc See x on page 7 72 info eventpoint on page 7 121 info breakpoint on page 7 122 info tracepoint on page 7 123 info patchpoint on page 7 124 info mon itorpoint on page 7 125 info agentpoint on page 7 126 and info line
419. nt search path The directory search path is used for displaying source files When you list a source file see list on page 7 61 NightView looks for the source file in each of the directories in the search path starting at the beginning of the search path each time If no directory command has been specified for the program the search path implicitly contains the path to the executable file and NightView s current working directory Once a directory command is specified for the program these directories are no longer implicit in the search path If you enter a directory command with no arguments the search path is reset to its initial state The directory search path is associated with a program not with a process If you debug multiple instances of a program the directory search path is the same for each instance If your process calls exec 2 the directory search path is implicitly set for the new program Use the info directories command to display the directory search path for a program See info directories on page 7 129 For ELF programs the debugging information contains absolute pathnames to source files so the directory search path may not be needed It is still sometimes useful to indicate that a source tree is not where the debugging information indicates Example Suppose your ELF program was compiled from two source files usr bob src main main c and usr bob src doit doit c You want to debug your p
420. nt to change the width for all the existing labels in this Data Window Otherwise only future data item labels have the new width See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Default Scroll Lines This dialog box pops up when you click on Scroll Region Size in the Options menu of the Data Window See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 Use the spin box to enter the number of lines in scroll regions in this Data Window See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 9 69 NightView User s Guide The initial value for the number of lines is controlled by the X resource dwScrollRegionDefaultLines See NightView Resources on page D 5 Click on the check button if you want to change the number of lines in all the existing data items in this window Otherwise only future data items have the new scroll region size See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Edit Expression This dialog box pops up when you click on Format and Edit in the Data Item Popup Menu See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Change the expression as desired The controls are the same as the Data Window Add Expression dialog box except that you cannot modify the qualifier See Data Window Add Expression on page 9 67 Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Expand Tree This dialog box pops up when you click on Expand in the Data Item Pop
421. nt types may not give correct results Other attributes are supported in such commands as print and set but they can not be used in monitorpoint patchpoint or tracepoint expressions nor in an event point conditional expression One attribute self is supported as a language addition in the debugger When used on a tagged type object or access to a tagged type object the self attribute returns the same object with the type set to the actual type of the real object as deter mined from the run time type information provided by the compiler The catenation operator is not implemented Logical operations e g the and operator on arrays are not supported Relational operations that require ordering e g lt are not supported for all arrays they are supported only for arrays of character Equality opera tions and are supported for all arrays svariable may be used as a synonym for variable address Any exceptions raised in a monitorpoint a patchpoint or a tracepoint or in an eventpoint conditional expression are propagated to the program All C expressions are supported 3 23 NightView User s Guide C Expressions The debugger supports array slices in expressions using the following syntax array_name I u where is the lower bound and u is the upper bound The array_name may be any expression that denotes either an array object or a pointer The type of an array slice is an array whose boun
422. nter 5 in the ignore count text input area Do not press Return You are ready to finish attaching an ignore count to a breakpoint Exercise Save your changes and make the breakpoint dialog box go away Solution In the breakpoint dialog box you should click on the OK button NightView closes the breakpoint dialog box For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 8 set at parent c 16 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 8 set at parent f 17 For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 8 set at parent a 15 5 25 NightView User s Guide Attaching Commands to a Breakpoint GUI 5 26 You can attach arbitrary NightView commands to a breakpoint They run when that partic ular breakpoint is hit Exercise Attach a command stream that prints out the value of total _sig only when you hit the breakpoint you set in the previous step set in Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 25 Solution You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Summarize Change NightView displays the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box Exercise Read about the Change button in Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change Dialog Box on page 9 49 Use it to add commands to this breakpoint Solution Notice that some of the buttons are disabled dimmed beca
423. number This command describes agentpoints in the processes indicated by the qualifier Normally all agentpoints are described but if an argument is given only those named are described Any eventpoints specified in the argument list which are not agentpoints are ignored Agentpoints are created with the agentpoint command See agentpoint on page 7 92 info watchpoint Command Line Interface The information printed includes e The agentpoint ID e Current state of agentpoint enabled disabled temporary e The agentpoint location If verbose was specified then the location will be printed in verbose format Otherwise it will be printed in the format in which it was specified when the agentpoint was created The number of times program execution has crossed the agentpoint since the program started execution even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied this count is incremented The number of times the agentpoint has been hit since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to agentpoint The current ignore count This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined convenience variable to the address of the last agentpoint listed See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Describe current state of watchpoints info watchpoint verbose
424. nvoking NightView corefile name When you supply both program name and corefile name arguments NightView starts out by creating a pseudo process for the given core file using the given pro gram name as the executable image for that core file See Core Files on page 3 4 and core file on page 7 37 All options may be abbreviated to unique prefixes For example nview si invokes NightView with the simple full screen interface If the environment variable DISPLAY is set or the standard X Toolkit command line option display is used then NightView communicates through a graphical user interface In this case other standard X Toolkit command line options are also allowed e g xrm resourcestring See Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 NightView must be run with the Elan License Manager For PowerMAX OS if your site has multiple license servers and you need to indicate a server on a particular system you can set the environment variable POWERWORKS_ELMHOST to the name of the server s system before invoking NightView On Linux NightView always uses a local license server For more information about the license manager see the Elan License Manager Release Notes All NightView command line options are case insensitive However note that X Toolkit options are case sensitive When NightView starts execution it first attempts to read commands from any files specified in x options It then looks for any ini
425. o users bob fact usr lib NightView ReadyToDebug usr lib NightView ReadyToDebug fact 7 local NightView requested information about the program and its arguments and you complied NightView always runs a special program usr lib NightView ReadyToDebug This program helps NightView synchronize with the shell That s why you see that line in the output You might see only one echo of usr lib NightView ReadyToDebug depending on how quickly the dialogue shell starts The dollar signs S are prompts from the shell NightView automatically created a dialogue named local it also displayed the string local as the prompt showing that by default commands apply to that dialogue or the processes running in that dialogue The debugger waited for the new program to get started Because sending input to a dialogue is just like typing commands to a shell the dialogue is really running the same shell program you normally use this caused the fact program to be executed with the single argument 7 If the fact program had required input you would have used the command to send the input to the program See on page 7 30 When the dialogue executed the program NightView got control and informed you that a new process was just started in dialogue local and told you that the process id was 2347 Because this is the only program running in dialogue local you do not have to do anything special to cause any commands you type
426. o an eventpoint See ignore on page 7 98 for more infor mation info address Determine the location of a variable See info address on page 7 137 for more information info agentpoint Describe current state of agentpoints See info agentpoint on page 7 126 for more information info args Print description of current routine arguments See info args on page 7 136 for more information info breakpoint ib Describe current state of breakpoints See info breakpoint on page 7 122 for more information info convenience Describe convenience variables See info convenience on page 7 129 for more information info declaration ptype Print the declaration of variables or types See info declaration on page 7 139 for more information info dialogue Print information about active dialogues See info dialogue on page 7 132 for more information info directories Print the search path used to locate source files See info directories on page 7 129 for more information info display Describe expressions that are automatically displayed See info display on page 7 129 for more information info eventpoint Describe current state of breakpoints tracepoints patchpoints monitorpoints agentpoints and watchpoints See info eventpoint on page 7 121 for more infor mation Summary of Commands info exception exception Print information about Ada exce
427. o get control Thus you may always examine a program that is about to exit or terminate abnormally The process will still exist so you can examine memory and registers If you continue execution of a process in one of these states the process will cease to exist and NightView will forget about all the eventpoints set in that process The PID for that process will be removed from all families see Families on page 3 2 in which it appears Detaching from such a process has the same effect see Detaching on page 3 3 Process States A process is normally in one of two states it is either running or it is stopped A process NightView User s Guide is said to be stopped when it gets a signal and it is being debugged or it hits a breakpoint or watchpoint meaning that the point of execution reached the breakpoint or the watchpoint was triggered and all the conditions on the breakpoint or watchpoint were satisfied When it is stopped the debugger has control The debugger may continue to execute commands attached to that breakpoint or watchpoint but once the debugger initially gets control the process is considered to be stopped This is not the same type of stop as job control in the C shell or the Korn shell Some debugger commands require the process to be stopped It is meaningful to examine or modify stack locations or variables only if the process is stopped Monitorpoints and tracepoints provide ways to examine vari
428. o indicate the on state is either a check mark graphic in a square box the default or a filled square check box The graphical item used for a radio button to indicate the on state is either a filled circle the default or a filled diamond The off state is indicated with an empty box circle or diamond You can configure the selection color of the toggle button by defining the selectColor resource Refer to the NightView color application defaults file See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 GUI Command History NightView keeps a history of the commands you enter See Command History on page 3 34 In the graphical user interface you can access the command history through the combo box in the command area of each major window The combo box in each window shows the entire history from all the windows See Combo Boxes on page 9 6 Understanding the Debug Window 9 12 This section explains the concepts you need to understand so that you can debug and manipulate processes in a NightView Debug Window Graphical User Interface Debug Window Behavior NightView automatically creates one Principal Debug Window This Debug Window contains all processes that appear in a NightView session You can debug processes using only this window or you can create additional Debug Windows and define which processes appear in them Any single process may be represented in one or more Debug Windows at a time While all Debug Windo
429. o variables 7 136 info watchpoint 7 127 info whatis 7 138 infoFontList resource D 3 Initial scan of object file 9 7 initialGlobalWindow resource D 6 Initialization file 6 2 6 3 7 119 Glossary 7 Initialize tracing 7 87 Initializing process 9 7 initialPrincipalDebugWindow resource D 6 Inline interest level 7 55 Inline subprograms 3 27 7 106 7 108 Input dialogue 7 30 7 33 7 51 program 1 3 2 3 3 5 4 11 5 12 7 30 7 51 shell 9 18 Input area 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 9 5 9 20 editing 9 5 9 11 text 9 44 Index Input command 7 119 Input terminator 7 30 7 51 inputBackground resource D 4 inputForeground resource D 4 Inserted eventpoints 3 8 3 10 3 12 3 13 3 18 3 20 3 33 7 6 Glossary 7 Instruction branch 7 86 7 99 Intel A 32 3 12 3 13 7 7 7 58 7 73 7 101 7 102 9 37 9 46 E 1 Intel A 32 registers 7 7 interest 3 28 7 54 7 57 Glossary 7 Interest level inline 7 55 justlines 3 17 3 29 7 55 nodebug 3 17 3 29 7 55 subprogram 3 17 3 28 7 54 Glossary 7 Interest level threshold 3 17 3 28 7 55 Glossary 7 Interesting subprograms 3 17 3 26 3 28 4 14 5 13 7 7 7 55 7 105 7 107 Glossary 7 Interface command line 1 5 1 1 3 29 4 1 4 3 5 1 5 4 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 112 7 141 8 1 9 1 9 19 9 42 9 75 Glossary 2 full screen 1 5 1 1 3 29 6 2 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 119 7 141 8 1 8 2 9 1 Glossary 6 graphical user 1 5 2 1 3 29 3 32 6 1 6 3 7 1 7 36 7 112 9 1 9 55 A 2 D 1 Gloss
430. ogram may vary slightly from the programs used to prepare this tutorial In particular the line shown as the return address from a sub program may be different from what is shown here Some messages might not appear or additional messages might appear depending on your environment Some of the shortened commands that appear in this tutorial are not official abbreviations for NightView commands however you may abbreviate NightView commands and some keywords to the shortest unambiguous prefix For more information see Command Syn tax on page 7 1 You cannot abbreviate file names symbolic names or NightView con struct names Field names that begin with the word dialogue are part of the Dialogue Window Field names that begin with the word debug are part of the Debug Window You could run this entire tutorial with commands and operations from the keyboard However to reduce confusion use the mouse whenever possible during this tutorial Use mouse button when you are told to click drag and select Creating a Program GUI 5 2 NightView is mainly used with executables that contain debug information To create such a program compile source files with a particular option and link edit them Exercise Create a directory named nview where you can create files for this tutorial and move into that directory Solution You should enter S mkdir nview Tutorial GUI cd nview Note do not enter the It
431. ogram ren break main c 24 After issuing the above command if we now run a program in dialogue local named ren n stimpy then we will automatically set a breakpoint in it at line 24 of the file main c Now suppose we do the following local on program stimpy do handle 5 noprint nostop handle 6 noprint nopass end on program VVV At this point if we run ren _n stimpy again then this newly exec ed program will handle signals 5 and 6 in the specified manner Note that even though the name ren n stimpy also matches the pattern ren that a breakpoint will not automatically apply on program on restart Command Line Interface be set at line 24 of main c in this new invocation of ren_n_stimpy This is because on program patterns are matched in reverse chronological order most recent first and only the first match found is used local info on program ren n stimpy on program stimpy do handle 5 noprint nostop handle 6 noprint nopass end on program If we were to now issue the command local on program stimpy Then this would remove stimpy and its associated commands from the on program list for dialogue local Now if we run ren n stimpy a third time then this third invocation will automatically have a breakpoint set at line 24 of main c just like the first one did local info on program ren n stimpy on program ren do break main c 24 end on program Execute on program commands for existing processes
432. ogue I O area 6 Parent sleeping for 1 seconds 7 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 6 5 33 NightView User s Guide 8 Parent sleeping for 3 seconds Child got ordinal signal 7 9 Parent sleeping for 1 seconds Child got ordinal signal 8 10 Parent sleeping for 2 seconds Child got ordinal signal 9 Child got ordinal signal 10 The source code is written so that the lines that begin with a number come from the parent process and the lines that begin with the word Child come from the child process Note that the sleep interval varies from 1 through 3 because of the patch you made in Patching Your Program GUI on page 5 29 Note the order of the displayed lines may vary The debug source display shows the main program at the call to exit The debug status area and the debug group area show the status About to exit This means that the process has called the exit system service See Exited and Terminated Pro cesses on page 3 17 The debug group area shows the same status for the child NightView displays in the debug message area Process local 15625 is about to exit normally The Data Window shows that the sig_ct variable is not visible at this point in the parent process Identifier sig ct is not visible in the given context Depending on which compiler you used the value may still be visible Leaving the Debugger GUI 5 34 The tutorial is over Exercise Read about th
433. ogue and caused the debugger to wait for the new program to get started Because sending input to a dialogue is just like typing commands to a shell the dialogue is really running the same shell program you normally use this caused the fact program to be executed with the single argument 7 If the fact program had required input you would have typed the input into the dialogue I O area NightView puts up a Debug Window see Debug Window on page 9 21 The debug message area see Debug Message Area on page 9 34 contains a message like the following New process local 2347 parent pid 2340 Process local 2347 is executing users bob fact Reading symbols from users bob fact done Executable file set to users bob fact Switched to process local 2347 When the dialogue executed the program NightView got control and informed you that a new process was just started in dialogue local and told you that the process id was 2347 The debug identification area displays the program name fact See Debug Identifica tion Area on page 9 35 The debug source file name is fact c See Debug Source 2 3 NightView User s Guide Getting Help 2 4 File Name on page 9 35 The debug status area shows Stopped for exec See Debug Status Area on page 9 36 The source code from file fact c appears in the debug source display centered around main See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 GUI Next you will
434. oint or watchpoint in a section of code which executes with IPL raised In particular the trace library routines do this so do not try to single step through them User Level Interrupts This section applies only to PowerMAX OS Debugging a process that attaches to a user level interrupt requires special care There are certain restrictions you must obey and certain actions you must take to ensure correct operation Note that this refers to user level code attached directly to a hardware interrupt not an ordinary signal handler which requires no special treatment to debug You must never set a breakpoint or an agentpoint in any code that might be executed by the interrupt routine Ifa user level interrupt routine hits a NightView breakpoint it will almost certainly crash the system You may however set monitorpoints patchpoints and tracepoints but be certain that none of the expressions associated with these eventpoints perform any actions not allowed by user level interrupt code See Concepts Eventpoints on page 3 8 Note that you can set a breakpoint or agentpoint in the process as long as you ensure they are not executed while servicing a user level interrupt You may set watchpoints in a process with user level interrupts however the watchpoint will not be in effect within the user level interrupt routine You may attach to a process that has attached to user level interrupts only if there is at least one Lightweight Proc
435. oint which causes execution to be suspended only if the condition evaluates to TRUE The conditional expression is evaluated in the user program when the breakpoint location is reached unless the breakpoint is currently being ignored see ignore on page 7 98 If more than one breakpoint is set through the use of more than one process in the qualifier then each breakpoint in each process is assigned a unique breakpoint number You can specify debugger commands to be executed when a breakpoint is hit See commands on page 7 94 It is possible and sometimes useful to set more than one breakpoint at the same location in a process Perhaps you have two breakpoints set at the same place and each has its own set of commands By enabling only one of the two breakpoints at a time you can effectively toggle the set of commands that gets executed when the process reaches that location If more than one breakpoint is set at the same location in a given process then the oldest breakpoint with an ignore count of zero and a condition that evaluates to TRUE will be the first breakpoint responsible for stopping the process After this breakpoint has stopped the process before continuing on to the next instruction NightView will check for any remaining breakpoints at that location which may stop the process If there are any then the process will stop at least once more at the same location before continuing on to the next instruction Exa
436. oints is accumulated by scanning the eventpoint spec arguments left to right An argument is added to the set unless it is preceded by a in which case it is subtracted from the set accumulated so far If no eventpoint spec is given then this command removes any previous definition of name Any qualifier applied to this command has the effect of restricting the set of eventpoints named to those which exist in the processes specified by the qualifier 7 83 NightView User s Guide Examples local name evptl 12 25 18 local name evpt2 evptl 99 local name evptl evptl 16 The first command gives the name evpt to three eventpoints identified by eventpoints 12 18 and 25 The second command gives the name evpt2 to the three eventpoints in evptl plus eventpoint 99 The third command extends the definition of evpt to include eventpoint 16 thus evpt is a synonym for four eventpoints 12 16 18 and 25 Note that extending evpt has no effect on evpt2 which still consists of eventpoints 12 18 25 and 99 Using the names defined in the previous examples the use of a minus sign on arguments can be illustrated by the following examples local name evpt3 evptl evpt2 12 local name evpt3 evptl 12 evpt2 The first command defines evpt3 to be the eventpoints 16 18 25 and 99 In contrast the second command defines evpt3 to be the eventpoints 12 16 18 25 and 99 In this case the argument 12 removed eventpoint 12 fr
437. om the set accumulated from evpt1 but the evpt 2 argument adds that eventpoint back in breakpoint Set a breakpoint breakpoint eventpoint modifier name breakpoint name lat location spec if conditional expression Abbreviation b eventpoint modifier Specifies the breakpoint modifier See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 name breakpoint name Gives a name to the breakpoint for later reference see name on page 7 83 If breakpoint name is already defined then this command adds the newly cre ated breakpoints to the list of eventpoints associated with the name location spec Specifies the breakpoint location see Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 if conditional expression Specifies a breakpoint condition The language and scope of the expression is determined by the location at which the breakpoint is set see Scope on page 7 84 patchpoint Command Line Interface 3 26 and Context on page 3 26 See also Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 NOTE The at if and name keywords may not be abbreviated in this command breakpoint sets a breakpoint in each of the processes specified by the qualifier This causes the program to suspend execution at the breakpoint location An optional condition may be applied to the breakp
438. ommands See monitorpoint on page 7 90 condition delete Command Line Interface Attach a condition to an eventpoint condition eventpoint spec conditional expression eventpoint spec The eventpoints associated with the condition See Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 conditional expression The condition to be associated with the eventpoints See Expression Evalua tion on page 3 21 The simplest type of breakpoint is one which stops the program each time it is encountered an unconditional breakpoint Often however you may wish to stop the program at a given location only after a certain event has occurred or when a specified condition has been met a conditional breakpoint The condition command may be used to attach a condition to a breakpoint In a similar manner conditions may also be attached to tracepoints monitorpoints agentpoints patchpoints and watchpoints causing the associated action to take effect only when the attached condition evaluates to TRUE The condition command attaches the condition conditional expression to one or more eventpoints in the processes specified by the qualifier If conditional expression is omitted then any condition attached to the specified eventpoint is removed in each of the processes specified by the qualifier and the eventpoint becomes an unconditional one If the specified eventpoint already has a condition attached to it the existing condition is replaced
439. ommands to step into inline subprograms to step over them or to finish them See step on page 7 105 next on page 7 106 and finish on page 7 108 3 27 NightView User s Guide NOTE If you step to a source line and the instructions corresponding to that line begin with an inline call NightView positions you at the beginning of the inline subprogram rather than on the line with the call If you set an eventpoint within an inline subprogram NightView modifies each instance of the subprogram If there are a lot of calls to the subprogram this may take a long time If execution is stopped in an inline subprogram and you set an eventpoint using the default location specifier which corresponds to pc the location specifier refers only to that particular instance of the inline subprogram as opposed to all instances See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 You can set an interest level for individual inline subprograms The interest level applies to all instances of an inline You can also set an interest level to avoid seeing any inline subprograms See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 This may be desirable depending on how your program uses inline subprograms You may not call an inline subprogram in an expression unless the compiler has created an out of line instance of the subprogram See Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 Interesting Subprograms 3 28 NightView considers some subprogram
440. ommunicate with NightView popup Pop up the Remote Login Dialog Box see Remote Login Dialog Box on page 9 52 initialized with the machine name and the values of the name and user keywords No other keywords are allowed with this option This option is meaningful only in the graphical user interface name dialogue name Give this parameter to specify a name for the dialogue you are creating If you leave it off the dialogue name is the same as the name of the machine running the dialogue To run multiple dialogue shells on the same machine you must give them unique names No dialogue name may be the same as a family name see family on page 7 43 A dialogue name must start with an alpha betic character and may be followed by any number of alphabetic numeric or underscore characters user login name Login as this user Normally your current user name is used but you may login as any user NightView User s Guide 7 22 machine Specify the machine where the programs to be debugged are located and the dialogue shell will run This is a required parameter It may be a host name with or without domain qualification or it may be an IP address The following parameters are less frequently used but are provided to allow you to control the execution environment of the remote dialogue nice nice value The dialogue normally runs with normal interactive priority A positive nice value lowers the priority makes o
441. on source Input commands from a source file See source on page 7 119 for more informa tion step s Execute one line stepping into procedures See step on page 7 105 for more information stepi si Execute one instruction stepping into procedures See stepi on page 7 107 for more information stop Stop a process See stop on page 7 109 for more information symbol file Establish the file containing symbolic information for a program See symbol file on page 7 36 for more information tbreak Set a temporary breakpoint See tbreak on page 7 98 for more information tpatch Set a patchpoint that will execute only once See tpatch on page 7 99 for more information tracepoint Set a tracepoint See tracepoint on page 7 88 for more information translate object file xl Translate object filenames for a remote dialogue See translate object file on page 7 24 for more information undisplay Summary of Commands Disable an item from the display expression list See undisplay on page 7 78 for more information up Move one or more stack frames toward the caller of the current stack frame See up on page 7 115 for more information vector set Set the value of a vector See vector set on page 7 80 for more information watchpoint Set a watchpoint See watchpoint on page 7 100 for more information 6699 Print the contents of memory beginning at a
442. ons and the kernel See trace See the NightTrace Manual for details A pretty good debugger All of the NightView User 5 Guide is available to you online through NightView s online help system In the graphical user interface help information is displayed in the Help Window See also Help Window See help on page 7 117 See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Overloading means that more than one entity with the same name is visible at some point in the program See Overloading on page 3 24 A patch is an expression or a branch inserted into a debugged process to alter its behav ior usually to fix a bug See patchpoint See Patchpoints on page 3 10 patch area patchpoint pattern Glossary NightView creates regions known as patch areas in your process This is where Night View puts code and data that is inserted into your process See Appendix E Implementa tion Overview on page E 1 See set patch area size on page 7 53 A patchpoint is a location in a debugged process where a patch is inserted See patch See Patchpoints on page 3 10 A pattern is used in the debug and nodebug commands to control which programs will be debugged in a particular dialogue Patterns are similar to shell wildcard patterns See debug on page 7 23 Principal Debug Window PID procedure process process state program In the graphical user interface this is the only Debug Window you see unl
443. ons menu 9 59 Data Tools menu 9 60 Data type printing 7 138 Data Window 3 17 5 27 5 29 5 34 7 76 9 2 9 31 9 40 9 58 saving contents 9 59 Data Window Add Expression Dialog Box 9 67 Data Window Add Local Variables Dialog Box 9 68 Data Window Add Registers Dialog Box 9 68 Data Window Add Stack Dialog Box 9 68 Data Window Add Threads Dialog Box 9 68 Data Window Call Stack Frames Dialog Box 9 69 Data Window Copy Expression Dialog Box 9 69 Data Window Default Label Columns Dialog Box 9 69 Data Window Default Scroll Lines Dialog Box 9 69 Data Window Edit Expression Dialog Box 9 70 Data Window Expand Tree Dialog Box 9 70 Data Window Item Dialog Box 9 67 Data Window Label Columns Dialog Box 9 70 Data Window Move Expression Dialog Box 9 70 Data Window Move Local Variables Dialog Box 9 71 Data Window Move Registers Dialog Box 9 71 Data Window Move Stack Dialog Box 9 71 Data Window Move Threads Dialog Box 9 71 Data Window Pointer Array Dimension Dialog Box 9 72 Data Window Save Snapshot Dialog Box 9 72 Data Window Scroll Lines Dialog Box 9 73 Data Window Subscript Array Dialog Box 9 73 Data Window Subscript Enum Array Dialog Box 9 73 Data Window Text Query Dialog Box 9 73 Data Window Value Query Dialog Box 9 73 data display 3 17 7 76 debug 3 2 3 5 7 17 7 23 7 24 7 133 Debug agent 3 6 3 11 3 18 3 19 3 21 3 38 7 93 A 2 E 1 F 1 Glossary 1 Glossary 3 Debug command area 2 4 2 6 5 8 5 9 5 18 5 19 5 21 9 14 9 41
444. ope on page 3 26 and Context on page 3 26 See also Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 Command Line Interface NOTE The name value and if keywords may not be abbreviated in this command The tracepoint command sets a tracepoint in each of the processes specified by the qualifier This causes the program to emit special tracing output at the tracepoint location An optional condition may be applied to the tracepoint which causes tracing to be performed only if the condition evaluates to TRUE The conditional expression conditional expression is evaluated in the user program when the tracepoint location is reached unless the tracepoint is currently being ignored see ignore on page 7 98 Tracepoints set in a process remain set even if you detach the debugger from the program unless the tracepoint was disabled at the time you detached See detach on page 7 35 and disable on page 7 96 NOTE The ntrace 3X routines must have been linked into the pro gram when it was built If the program does not initialize tracing then you must initialize tracing manually by evaluating expres sions that contain calls to the appropriate trace routines trace start followed by trace open thread The debugger does not start the ntraceud 1 monitor process You must do that manually see NightTrace Monitor on page 3 38 If more than one tracepoint is set through the use of more than one process in the qu
445. or some other reason like receiving a signal See Signals on page 3 14 for a discussion of the interactions between single stepping and signals step is interpreted relative to the current frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 That is any lower frames are automatically finished before stepping There are also commands to single step individual instructions See stepi on page 7 107 and nexti on page 7 108 When the program has just started step steps to the beginning of the procedure that calls static initializers or library level elaboration procedures if any If there are none step steps to the beginning of the main procedure Because of optimization and other considerations a process may appear to stop multiple times in the same line or not at all in some lines The decorations that appear when you list the source can help you decide which lines are executable see Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 Also disassembly can help you determine the flow of control through your program see x on page 7 72 and Debug View Menu on page 9 28 If the step command causes execution to enter a procedure which is uninteresting the step acts like next See Interesting Subprograms on page 3 28 See next on page 7 106 If an exception propagates to the current frame or a calling frame then the step com pletes and execution is stopped at the beginning of the exception handler 7 105
446. ored when returning to the calling routine As the current frame is moved the debugger notices which registers will be saved and restored If you look at registers using the info registers command or examine local variables which are being kept in registers you see the values as they will be restored when the process finally returns to that frame Referencing a specific register using the predefined convenience variable also refers to the register relative to the current frame When examining a variable allocated to a register you must be aware that the variable may exist in that register for only a short time Therefore the contents of the register may not accurately reflect the value of the variable See Optimization on page 3 34 for more information Inline Subprograms Ada and C programs can have inline subprograms The code for these subprograms is expanded directly into the calling program rather than being called with a transfer of con trol There is usually a time savings sometimes at a cost in the size of the code NightView generally treats inline subprogram calls the same as non inline calls Although an inline call does not create a stack frame NightView creates a frame for it to match the semantics of the language and to simplify the model of debugging You can use the usual commands to move up and down the stack frames and view variables within each frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 You can use single step c
447. original instruction will also execute The debug agent allows you to debug your process while it is running You may attach a condition or ignore count to an agentpoint using the condition see condition on page 7 95 or ignore see ignore on page 7 98 commands This suppresses execution of the debug agent unless the ignore count is zero and the conditional expression evaluates to TRUE Agentpoints are implemented by modifying the executable code for the program so they remain in effect until the program exits even if you detach the debugger from the program unless the agentpoint was disabled when you detached see detach on page 7 35 and disable on page 7 96 For best results the debug agent should be executed frequently If you cannot find just one place in your program that is executed frequently enough you may create multiple agentpoints each at a different location You can enable and disable each agentpoint independently Clear all eventpoints at a given location clear at location spec location spec Specifies the location from which all eventpoints are to be removed See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 Tf location spec is omitted then the location used is the next instruction to be executed in the current stack frame See Current Frame on page 3 27 clear removes all eventpoints at the specified location in each process Once an eventpoint has served its purpose the eventpoint may
448. oring 3 9 3 16 7 98 7 122 9 47 inserted 3 8 3 10 3 12 3 13 3 18 3 20 3 33 7 6 Glossary 7 named 3 16 9 48 naming 7 15 7 83 printing 7 133 removing 7 93 saving 3 16 setting 3 3 9 46 state 7 121 9 47 Eventpoint crossing count Glossary 3 Eventpoint Dialog Boxes 9 45 D 4 Eventpoint ID 9 46 Eventpoint menu 9 26 9 45 9 49 Debug 9 26 9 45 9 49 Eventpoint modifier 7 83 Glossary 5 delete 7 83 disabled 7 83 Glossary 5 Eventpoint number 3 8 9 46 Eventpoint state 9 49 Eventpoint summary 5 22 5 26 5 30 5 31 9 26 9 27 9 45 9 49 Eventpoints changing 5 26 5 30 9 45 9 46 9 49 D 4 Event triggered commands 7 28 7 40 Exception 7 105 7 107 7 108 7 109 Ada 3 23 7 111 7 112 7 135 Glossary 5 exception info exception 7 135 Exception handling 3 35 7 111 7 113 7 135 saving 3 16 exec 3 16 4 7 5 8 7 35 7 39 7 42 7 45 9 37 Index 10 exec file 3 8 3 40 7 25 7 37 7 38 7 39 7 60 Executable stripped 7 25 7 36 Executable and linking format Glossary 5 Executable file 3 1 7 36 7 37 7 38 7 136 7 139 Execution continuing 1 5 2 6 3 36 4 10 4 15 4 21 4 31 5 10 5 14 5 22 5 33 7 103 7 104 7 108 7 109 7 110 7 117 9 39 restarting 3 15 3 16 7 40 7 42 7 45 Glossary 2 Glossary 10 resuming 1 5 2 6 4 10 4 15 4 21 4 31 5 10 5 14 5 22 5 33 7 102 7 103 9 39 starting 1 2 2 2 3 15 stopping 1 4 2 5 3 36 3 39 4 9 4 23 4 24 5 9 5 24 5 25 7 84 7 100 Exit messages 5 34
449. orking directory is See pwd on page 7 60 Print NightView s current working directory pwd This command prints the current working directory of the debugger Note that this directory may not be the same as the current working directory of your dialogue shells nor need it be the same as the current working directory of any program you are debugging You can use the cd command to set the current working directory see cd on page 7 60 The qualifier does not have any effect on this command Source Files Command Line Interface This section describes commands to view source files and to search for text in source files Viewing Source Files list List a source file This command has many forms which are summarized below list where spec List ten lines centered on the line specified by where spec list where specl where spec2 List the lines beginning with where spec1 up to and including the where spec2 line list where spec List ten lines ending at the line specified by where spec list where spec List the ten lines starting at where spec Note the comma list List the ten lines just after the lines last listed list List the ten lines immediately preceding the lines last listed list List the last set of lines listed If the previous command was a search command list the ten lines around the line found by the search list If a list command has not been given since the current source file was last
450. ou cannot abbreviate the macro name in an invocation so you may be able to use an abbreviation for the built in command If you name a macro the same as a built in command abbreviation you won t be able to use that particular abbreviation for the built in command later but you can still use the full form or a different abbreviation If you accidentally name a macro the same as a built in command you can remove the definition by entering local Note no text given in definition local define macro name You may want to refer to the Summary of Commands see Appendix B Summary of Commands on page B 1 for a complete list of the NightView commands so you can avoid these kinds of conflicts Macro references can generally appear anywhere within a NightView command but you should be aware of the following rules e NightView never expands macros that appear within command comments e NightView usually does not expand macros that appear within string liter als However if the literal appears as an actual argument in another macro invocation macros within the string literal may be expanded e Macros are not expanded in the format string argument to the printf command See printf on page 7 79 e Macros appearing in an echo command are expanded See echo on page 7 75 oy e Macros appearing in a see on page 7 30 run see run on page 7 33 or shel1 see shell on page 7 119 command are not expanded
451. ou could vary the sleep interval isec by assigning it a value from 1 through 3 based on the signal count sig_ct Hint in C the operator in Fortran the mod function and in Ada the rem operator may be useful Exercise Read about the Debug Windows Eventpoint menu s Set Patchpoint item in Debug Eventpoint Menu on page 9 26 In the parent process on the line that displays how long the parent is sleeping patch in the assignment expression just described Solution You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Set Patchpoint NightView displays the patchpoint dialog box Do not press Return after you enter the following text For the C program you should enter in the evaluate text input area isec sig ct 3 1 For the Fortran program you should enter in the evaluate text input area isec mod sig ct 3 1 For the Ada program you should enter in the evaluate text input area isec sig ct rem 3 1 You are ready to finish patching your program Exercise Save your changes and make the patchpoint dialog box go away Exercise In the patchpoint dialog box you should click on the OK button NightView closes the patchpoint dialog box 5 29 NightView User s Guide Note that the line in the debug source display with a patchpoint on it now has a BP for breakpoint patchpoint and execution stopped here source line decoration For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area lo
452. ou specify its name the names of the formal arguments and the text to be substituted The text to be substituted is called the body of the macro When you reference the macro in a NightView command you again specify its name along with the actual arguments Actual arguments are the text you want substituted for the references to the formal arguments in the macro body See Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 for details on how to define and reference macros Macro expansion the process of replacing the reference to a macro with its body is simply a textual substitution Very little analysis is performed on the substituted text so macros can be a very powerful facility Furthermore a macro reference is expanded only when it is needed Macros provide a way for you to extend the set of NightView commands They also provide a way to define shortcuts for things frequently used in commands or expressions Concepts Convenience Variables Logging Value History NightView provides an unlimited number of convenience variables These are variables you can assign values and reference in expressions but they are managed by the debugger not stored in your program You don t have to declare these variables just assign to them They remember the data type and value last assigned to them There are two kinds of convenience variables global and process local Variables are global by default but by using the set local command se
453. ough crf7 These names map onto the eight individual condition fields contained in the condi tion register Scr Sfpscr The floating point status and condition register xer The integer exception register Ssrr0 through srr1 The exception state save and restore register The srr0 register is the same as the Spc register mq The mq register does not really exist on the machine and the compilers will not generate references to it but for backward compatibility with older architectures it is emulated by the operating system and you can refer to it in the debugger dabr The data address breakpoint register NightView uses this register to implement watchpoints See Watchpoints on page 3 11 Users should not modify this regis ter Note that the floating point registers are not normally displayed by the info registers command Ifyou want to display all the floating point registers you can do so with the following command info registers f The Power Hawk 700 Series supports additional registers v0 through v31 NightView User s Guide Vector registers To change the value of these registers with the debugger see vec tor set on page 7 80 Svrsave This register describes which vector registers are in use by the program This is used by the operating system when context switching Avoid modifying this regis ter Svscr Vector status and control register Location Specifiers A location
454. out the type checking done by the compiler Unless the expression simply makes no sense the debugger will evaluate it Remember that the debugger handles expressions plus assignment and procedure calls not executable statements You must leave off the trailing semicolon for an Ada assignment or procedure call Most Ada expression forms are supported but there are some restrictions and limitations summarized in the list below e Data types All data types are supported with a few exceptions Task types are not fully supported as a data type They are treated simply as an address Access to subprogram is not supported e Type conversions are supported as defined for the Ada language and using the same syntax as that of the language i e type_mark expression with certain exceptions and additions As defined by the language conversions involving numeric types convert the value of the expression not the repre sentation For example float 1 would return 1 0 NightView allows conversions from a value of any type to any target type not just those cases allowed by the Ada language Note that NightView does not perform rep resentation changes when converting to or from derived or convertible array types with differing representations Conversions involving non numeric types are performed by simply interpreting the left justified bit pattern of the value as the value of the target type with the corresponding left justified bi
455. ows Each NightStar tool uses a unique color for its menu bars The following NightStar color application resources are defined distinctBackground distinctForeground Used for the background and foreground colors in areas that require user input NightView areas that use these color resources include fields in the eventpoint dia log boxes that require you to enter data before the eventpoint can be successfully set feedbackBackground feedbackForeground Used for the background and foreground colors of the user feedback area see Mes sage Areas on page 9 6 for feedback that does not provide progress information These colors default to the same values as outputBackground and output Foreground respectively feedbackDoneBackground feedbackDoneForeground Used for the background and foreground colors of the user feedback area for that portion representing the amount of work completed in those cases where progress information is provided We recommend that the feedbackDoneForeground and feedbackNot DoneForeground colors always be the same feedbackNotDoneBackground feedbackNotDoneForeground Used for the background and foreground colors of the user feedback area for that portion representing work to be done in those cases where progress information is provided inputBackground inputForeground Used for the background and foreground colors in areas that accept user input NightView areas that use these color resourc
456. p command so the current stack frame of the parent process is main Solution You should enter local parent up For the C program NightView responds with Output for process local 15625 1 Ox10002854 in main at main c line 31 31 B lt parent routine pid total sig local For the Fortran program NightView responds with Output for process local 15625 1 0x10003910 in main at main f line 29 29 B lt call parent routine pid NightView User s Guide local For the Ada program NightView responds with Output for process local 15625 1 0x10010be4 in main at main a line 28 28 B lt parent routine pid total sig local The lt source line decoration indicates that this line made a subprogram call which has not yet returned You may also see a gt source line decoration which indicates that control will return to or within this line Note that you could have qualified the command with the parent s process ID number instead of the parent family name Verifying Data Values in Other Stack Frames From main you can examine local variables run functions etc Exercise Qualify a print command so it displays the value of local variable tracefileinmain only for the parent process Solution You should enter one of local parent print tracefile local parent p tracefile For the C program NightView responds with 3 tracefile 0x30003100 msg file local For the Fortran
457. p onto the lower 16 bits of each of the 8 general purpose registers mentioned above respectively Note that the lower 16 bits of the ESP register 1s more commonly known as simply SP But the name sp is reserved for an architec ture independent stack pointer in NightView So the name sp16 is used for the lower 16 bites of the ESP register instead Sbl1 cl al These names map onto the low order 8 bits of each of the AX BX CX and DX regis ters respectively In other words they map onto bits 0 7 of each of the EAX EBX ECX and EDX registers respectively Sbh Sch dh These names map onto the high order 8 bits of each of the AX BX CX and DX regis ter respectively In other words they map onto bits 8 15 of each of the EAX EBX ECX and EDX registers respectively Seflags The program status and control register NightView and the RedHawk Linux OS kernel use the TF flag of this register to implement stepping See step on page 7 105 stepi on page 7 107 next on page 7 106 and nexti on page 7 108 Users should not modify the TF field of the eflags register Other flags in this register are used by RedHawk Linux OS Care should be taken if modifying this register Seip Scs Sss Sds The instruction pointer register This is the same as the Spc register The code segment register The IA 32 architecture uses this register to determine the locatio
458. page 7 98 Like conditions the code to implement ignore counts is patched into the program for inserted eventpoints so the program will execute at nearly full speed until the ignore count reaches zero An ignore count on a watchpoint is evaluated in the debugger There are several commands to manipulate eventpoints but not every type of manipula tion makes sense for every type of eventpoint Deleting disabling enabling and attaching ignore counts and conditions works for all types of eventpoints See Manipulating Eventpoints on page 7 82 Table 3 1 Eventpoint Summary A Code is May have Action P inserted commands agentpoint call the debug agent x breakpoint stop the process when the X X breakpoint is reached monitorpoint display the value of X X expressions in the moni torpoint window patchpoint execute an expression or X modify the flow of the program tracepoint record an event when exe X cution reaches the trace point watchpoint stop the process when the X process reads or writes a variable in memory 3 9 NightView User s Guide Breakpoints Monitorpoints Patchpoints Inserted eventpoints evaluate their conditions and ignore counts at full program speed and may be manipulated while the process is running Watchpoint conditions and ignore counts are evaluated in the debugger Watchpoints may be enabled and disabled only while the process is stopped A breakpoint is o
459. pec Abbreviation up number of frames down number of frames select context default select context task expression select context thread expression select context lwp wpid select context pid pid Miscellaneous Commands help section refresh shell shell command source command file delay milliseconds Info Commands Status Information info log info eventpoint verbose name number info breakpoint verbose name number C 8 Quick Reference Guide Abbreviation i b info tracepoint verbose name number info patchpoint verbose name number info monitorpoint verbose name number info agentpoint verbose name number info watchpoint verbose name number info frame v expression at location spec info directories info convenience info display info history number info limits info registers regexp info signal signal info process info memory verbose info dialogue info family regexp info name regexp info on dialogue name info on program program info on restart output outname append outname program info exception exception name info exception unit name info exception info threads verbose NightView User s Guide Symbol Table Information info args info locals regexp info variables regexp info address identifier info sources pattern info functions regexp info types rege
460. pecific exceptions is displayed The info exception command will list e The exception name or the keyword a11 denoting the default The exception handling settings Describe lightweight processes Ada tasks and C threads and thread processes info threads verbose verbose Show which thread is the current thread by placing lt next to it for each thread type This command describes the lightweight processes LWPs Ada tasks and C threads and thread processes for the processes specified by the qualifier The identifiers listed for each thread type may be used with the select context command to switch to that thread See select context on page 7 116 In the graphical user interface you can also get thread information from the Display menu See Debug Display Menu on page 9 31 7 135 NightView User s Guide Symbol Table Information info args info locals info variables 7 136 The info commands in this section are used to lookup and report on information recorded in the debug tables of program files This includes the names and declarations of variables the address of generated code for source lines etc Print description of current routine arguments info args This command prints a description of each argument of the subroutine associated with the current frame see Current Frame on page 3 27 Print information about local variables info locals regexp regexp A regular expressio
461. pecify the end address of the region The start address parameter is required You must specify either a length or an end address The mreserve command reserves a region of memory for each process specified by the qualifier This means that NightView will not allocate space for patch areas in that region See Appendix E Implementation Overview on page E 1 This command does not directly affect the process It is only an indication to NightView to avoid placing patch areas in the specified region presumably because your program will be using that region later in its execution mreserve only affects future allocations You should reserve memory before using any commands that allocate space in the process including eventpoint commands the load command or any command with an expression that involves a function call See Eventpoints on page 3 8 See load on page 7 80 See Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 You should exercise some caution with this command It is possible to reserve memory in such a way that NightView cannot function For convenience you are allowed to specify reservations that overlap or contain existing regions in your process Memory reservations are printed as part of the info memory command See info memory on page 7 132 Memory reservations are remembered as part of the restart information See Restart Information on page 3 16 During restart memory reservations are applied before an
462. phabetic character fol lowed by zero or more alphanumeric characters or underscore There is no limit to the length of a macro name A macro name can be the same as a NightView command name but this may render the command unusable See Referencing Macros on page 7 143 for more information arg name A formal argument name These names follow the same rules as macro name Command Line Interface text The text to be substituted when the macro is invoked In this form the substi tuted text will not contain any newline characters so the text becomes part of whatever command the macro invocation appears in NOTE There must not be any blanks separating the macro name from the left parenthesis that introduces the formal arguments In the second form of the define command the text of the macro begins on the line following the define command and extends until a line containing only the words end define is encountered Except for the newline character immediately following the as keyword and the newline immediately preceding the end define command the newline characters within the body of the macro will be retained in the substituted text Thus each line of text in the macro body must normally be a complete NightView command Comments appearing in the body of the macro become part of the body Thus they appear in the text that is substituted for a reference to the macro You should avoid having a comment as the last line of a m
463. play area If you do not specify the id parameter the text of the expression itself is used as the identifying string Note that you may not abbreviate the id keyword to anything shorter like i Once you have created a monitorpoint you can change the set of commands attached to it and thus the expressions being monitored using the commands command See commands on page 7 94 mcontrol Command Line Interface Example local monitorpoint file c 12 gt print variablel gt print id Velocity ft sec variable2 gt end monitor In this example two variables will be monitored at line 12 of file c The first variable variablel will be displayed using its name as the identifying string The second variable variable2 will be displayed with the string Velocity ft sec Control the monitor display window mcontrol display nodisplay monitorpoint spec Turn on or off the display of individual monitorpoints in the monitor window mcontrol delay milliseconds Set the milliseconds to delay between monitor window updates hold release nostale stale on mcontrol off Toggle a monitoring parameter Abbreviation hold This is an abbreviation formcontrol hold Abbreviation release This is an abbreviation formcontrol release display nodisplay These keywords are used to enable or disable the display of specific monitor points in the monitor window The monitorpoints appearing in the argument and in
464. ple betty dress becomes barney dress betty bambam becomes dino bambam betty bambino becomes dino bambino A good place to put a translate object file command is in an on dialogue command in your NightViewrc file See on dialogue on page 7 27 Also see Initialization Files on page 3 34 Example all on dialogue fred do gt xl usr fred usr gt end on dialogue This command translates the directory usr on the remote system to the directory usr fred on the local system for dialogues whose name begins with fred Terminate a dialogue logout The logout command terminates any dialogues named in the command qualifier If your safety level is unsafe then all processes being debugged in the dialogues are killed see set safety on page 7 52 If your safety level is verify then you are prompted for confirmation before the logout causes any debugged processes to be killed see Replying to Debugger Questions on page 7 19 If your safety level is forbid then the logout does not occur If you want any processes to continue running you must detach them prior to using logout see detach on page 7 35 NightView detaches from any processes that are being controlled but are not being debugged by you because of a nodebug command See Detaching on page 3 3 Also see nodebug on page 7 24 If the dialogue shell is still running at logout time it is killed you may send an exit command to the
465. ple you might have a development directory from which the image on the remote system is created The object file on the remote system has been stripped but you have a copy with debugging information Object filenames from exec file and load commands are subject to object filename translation See exec file on page 7 38 See load on page 7 80 Dynamic library names are also subject to object filename translation See Debugging with Shared Libraries on page 3 39 Object filenames from symbol file commands are not subject to object filename translation See symbol file on page 7 36 NightView attempts to match translations to the initial characters of the filename Filename component boundaries are not treated as a special case If you want to match to component boundaries include slashes in the strings NightView tries all translations that match the strings beginning with the longest matching translation until it finds a translated filename with the same text segment contents as the executing program If no file is found with the same text segment contents NightView gives a warning and uses the first translation that matched the object filename If an exec file command fails because you don t have any translations or the translations are wrong you can re issue the exec file command again after fixing the translations NightView automatically supplies a default set of translations when a remote dialogue is created
466. point NightView determines this value from the location of the text insertion cursor in the debug source display area See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 You can edit this text input area See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 When changing an existing eventpoint NightView displays the location spec ifier associated with this eventpoint You cannot change this location Watchpoint options watchpoint dialog box only These controls let you indicate whether you want to specify an L value e g a variable name or an explicit program address and size You can also control whether you want the watchpoint to be for memory reads memory writes or both If the target is an Intel IA 32 watchpoints always trap on memory writes but you can control whether they also trap on memory reads When changing an existing watchpoint these controls cannot be changed Watchpoint target watchpoint dialog box only This text input area lets you enter an L value or an explicit program address depending on the setting of the controls in the watchpoint options area See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 When changing an existing watchpoint this field cannot be changed Watchpoint size watchpoint dialog box only This text input area lets you enter the size of the watchpoint target if you have selected Watch address and size in the watchpoint options area See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 The size is an expression whose value is the n
467. point Menu 0 0 00 2c etnies 9 26 Debug View Men eee ee ee ee a ee Oe id 9 28 Debug Display Menu 00 ccc 9 31 Debug Tools Ment vist is ts it 9 32 Debug Help Menu oooooocooco teens 9 34 Debug Message Atari a a 9 34 Debug Identification Area o oooooooooororr tenes 9 35 Debug Source Lock ButtoM o0oooooocooororrr 9 35 Debug Source File Name o oooooooocororr eteees 9 35 Contents Debug Status Area 2 42 ie 9 36 Debug Source Display 0 00 tent n ene 9 37 Debug Command Buttons 0 0 cect 9 39 Debug Interrupt Buttons viii as Ai 9 41 Debug Qualifier Area cece pe eens 9 41 Debug Command Area 0 cece nent e een eee 9 42 Debug Group At d s cure eae A Pe alas Ca be ee 9 42 Debug Window Dialog Boxes 0 nnana 9 43 Debug Group Selection Dialog Box 0 eee eee eee 9 43 Debug Source Selection Dialog Box o0ooooooooooommmmoo 9 44 Debug File Selection Dialog Box 0 0 0 eee eee eee 9 45 Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes 00 eee eee eee 9 45 Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change Dialog Box 9 49 Remote Login Dialog Box 00 ec cee ete eee 9 52 Monitor Window GUI avec nett ane eae a 9 55 Monitor Menu Bafa srona iia AAA A de A 9 56 Monitor NightView MendU o oooooocoocorr cece eee ees 9 56 Monitor Monitorpoint Menu 2 0 eee eee ee eee 9 56 Monitor Tools Men siii choke chee Phos
468. pped list where and why it stopped The current language setting See set language on page 7 47 The disposition of child processes that is under what circumstances a child process will be debugged See set children on page 7 44 Print information about the virtual address space info memory verbose verbose Indicates that extra information should be printed This command prints information about the virtual address space for each process speci fied in the command qualifier For each region of memory this command prints the fol lowing information The beginning address and ending address of the region The size in bytes of the region e Ifthe region is the first region associated with a shared library the name of the library is printed Whether the region is readable writable executable shared or locked in physical memory e Whether the region is being used as the process stack or memory heap e If the region was attached by NightView what the region is for and how much space is left in the region See Appendix E Implementation Over view on page E 1 Ifthe verbose option is specified NightView prints information about the individual blocks allocated in the region The list also includes any regions reserved by the user with the mreserve command See mreserve on page 7 46 Print information about active dialogues info dialogue This command lists information about all the d
469. pping and resuming the process so the process does not run at full speed in this case If the variable extends outside the aligned 8 byte range because it is not aligned or because it is bigger than 8 bytes then only the smallest address bytes of the variable are watched If the target system is an Intel IA 32 system then the mechanism NightView uses for watchpoints watches 1 2 or 4 bytes If the variable you are watching is 3 bytes long then you may get some extraneous triggers on the next byte If the variable you are watching is longer than 4 bytes only the smallest address bytes of the variable are watched If you need to watch more bytes of the variable you can use multiple watchpoints specifying addresses and lengths On a PowerPC target system once any watchpoint has been set in a process Night View must control calls to getcontext and setcontext for that process which adds overhead to these calls Note that returning from a signal handler implicitly calls setcontext Because watchpoints are not inserted eventpoints the debugger evaluates any ignore count and condition so the ignore count and condition are not evaluated at full program speed See Eventpoints on page 3 8 A watchpoint is not triggered if the variable is accessed by other processes through shared memory unless they are also being debugged and have watchpoints set or if the variable is accessed through I O using direct memory access DMA such as a low
470. printed It only tells you about pending events in the processes specified by the command qualifier Attach the debugger to a process that is already running attach PID PID The process ID of the running process This command allows a program to be debugged even if it was not started from a debugger dialogue shell see Attaching on page 3 3 The qualifier on this command must specify a single dialogue indicating which machine is running the specified PID An error is reported if the qualifier implies multiple dialogues It is also an error to attempt to attach to a program already being debugged or to attach any of the processes required to run the debugger Since the program to which you are attaching is already running independently of the debugger you will not be able to send it input through the normal dialogue input mechanism see on page 7 30 or see the output it generates the input and output for the process remain connected to the same streams they were connected to prior to the attach Once you attach to a process any future children it forks will also be debugged See set children on page 7 44 Children created prior to the attach must be explicitly attached if you want to debug them See Attach Permissions on page 3 37 for a description of what processes you are allowed to attach Stop debugging a list of processes detach The detach command terminates the debugger s connection to all the proces
471. problems with the new object file and warns you of anything that is likely to be a mistake but it loads the new object anyway Set the value of a vector vector set value component component vector set value repeat count component Command Line Interface The arguments to vector set are all expressions separated by commas The expressions may not contain commas l value A vector variable array element register etc which can be assigned The value may be followed by either a comma or an equals sign This expres sion may not contain an equals sign or a comma component One component of the vector repeat count The number of times to repeat the following component This command creates a vector value by concatenating the component values and assigns the value to the specified value which must be a vector for each process in the command qualifier vector set is meaningful only on the Power Hawk 700 Series The command operates based on the number of arguments following the l value If there are 2 arguments then the first argument is taken as a repeat count The value of the com ponent is replicated to make repeat count components The value of the repeat count must be one of 4 8 or 16 If there are more than 2 arguments then each argument is a compo nent The format of each component is determined by the number of components Number of Components Component Format 16 1
472. process terminated with signal signal See Exited and Terminated Processes on page 3 17 This status appears only for core files See Core Files on page 3 4 Debug Source Display The debug source display area lists the program source code code or the disassembled instructions corresponding to the currently selected frame in the currently selected process You can select various display modes to display source or disassembly with the View menu in the Debug Window See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 See Current Frame on page 3 27 See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 See list on page 7 61 for information on how the current source file is determined The text in this area includes the program source or disassembled instructions along with line numbers and source decorations See Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 The text in this area changes if you use the debug source menu to list other functions or files if you use the List command see list on page 7 61 and when the process stops NightView User s Guide 9 38 or you change the current context You can change the height of this area by moving the sash up or down See Sashes on page 9 12 There are several special keys that may be used within this area The function of most keys is independent of the position of the text cursor in this area Some keys like b and h do depend on the position of the text cursor so that NightView can
473. program output such as prompts and messages and listings of files and programs appears in list type Keywords also appear in list type emphasis Words or phrases that require extra emphasis use emphasis type window Keyboard sequences and window features such as push buttons radio buttons menu items labels and titles appear in window type ze 20 Brackets enclose command options and arguments that are optional Mutually exclusive choices are separated by the pipe character You do not type the brackets or the pipe character if you choose to specify such options or arguments Braces enclose mutually exclusive choices separated by the pipe character where one choice must be selected You do not type the braces or the pipe character with the choice An ellipsis follows an item that can be repeated Related Publications 0800032 0890161 0890240 0890288 0890300 0890380 0890382 0890398 0890429 0890460 0890475 0890497 0890516 0891019 0891055 Preface This symbol means is defined as in Backus Naur Form BNF PowerPC Microprocessor Family The Programming Environments The C Programming Language Hf77 FORTRAN Reference Manual HAPSE Reference Manual X Window System User s Guide OSF Motif Documentation Set UNIX System V AT amp T C Language System Release 2 1 NightTrace Manual System Administration Volume 1 Compilation Systems Volume 2 Concepts NightView Pocket Reference C Reference Manual
474. provides facilities for using NightTrace from within the debugger see Tracepoints on page 3 11 Remote Dialogues 3 6 A remote dialogue is a shell controlled by NightView running on a system other than the one on which NightView was initially invoked We refer to the system where NightView was invoked as the local system while the system where the remote dialogue shell is running is referred to as the target or remote system You may need to use a remote dialogue if e you need to debug programs running on multiple target systems simulta neously e your application uses most of the system s CPU or memory resources leav ing insufficient resources for NightView e the source files for your programs are not accessible on the target system e you do not wish to install all of NightView on the target system perhaps to conserve disk space on the target e you need to reduce network traffic on the target system by eliminating NightView s GUI overhead e you need to reduce disk loading on the target system by eliminating Night View s reading of source and object files When you use a remote dialogue the NightView user interface runs on the local system while another process named NightView p runs on the remote system to access and control the processes you are debugging The following activities are performed on the local system in this case Concepts e all user interaction including command input output and
475. ption handling See info exception on page 7 135 for more information info family Print information about an existing process family See info family on page 7 133 for more information info files Print the names of the executable symbol table and core files See info files on page 7 139 for more information info frame Describe a stack frame See info frame on page 7 128 for more information info functions List names of functions subroutines or Ada unit names See info functions on page 7 137 for more information info history Print value history information See info history on page 7 130 for more informa tion info limits Print information about limits on expression and location output See info limits on page 7 130 for more information info line Describe location of a source line See info line on page 7 139 for more informa tion info locals Print information about local variables See info locals on page 7 136 for more information info log Describe any open log files See info log on page 7 121 for more information info macros Print a description of one or more NightView macros See info macros on page 7 145 for more information info memory Print information about the virtual address space See info memory on page 7 132 for more information B 5 NightView User s Guide B 6 info monitorpoint Describe curren
476. r s Guide Interrupting the Debugger Macros The shell interrupt character normally lt CONTROL C gt does not terminate NightView Instead it terminates whatever command is currently executing if any You may wish to use it if you accidentally ask NightView to print a large quantity of information you don t want To type lt CONTROL C gt press the c key while holding down the control key In the graphical user interface you can interrupt the debugger by clicking the Interrupt button in any of the major windows See Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 See Debug Interrupt Button on page 9 41 If you interrupt the debugger all command streams except the standard input stream are terminated The standard input stream is interrupted but not terminated so it will prompt for the next command immediately Furthermore any output from debugged processes is temporarily halted it is still buffered but not displayed until after you enter the next debugger command This gives you a chance to type a command without interference from the debugger or the debugged processes See Dialogue I O on page 3 5 for more information about controlling the output from debugged processes Interrupting the debugger stops the Monitor Window from updating See Monitor Window on page 3 29 A macro is a named set of text possibly with arguments that can be substituted later in any NightView command When you define a macro y
477. r s Guide Note also that although this tutorial does not ask you to do so you can rerun a program by invoking it again Debugging All Child Processes GUI 5 8 By default NightView debugs child processes only when they have called exec 2 In the msg program the child process never calls exec To be able to debug this child pro cess you must use the set children command before msg forks the child process Also you have to issue the set children command after invoking msg so the set children command can be applied to existing processes Exercise Read about the set children command Solution You should click on the Help menu of either window and select On Commands Scroll down to the set children command Click on the highlighted text Read the infor mation that the Help Window displays about the set children command Exercise Use the File menu to close the Help Window Solution In the Help Window you should click on the File menu and select Exit The Help Window goes away When this tutorial asks you to read about commands use this same procedure Exercise Issue the set children command so that the child process in msg can be debugged Solution In the debug command area you should enter one of set children all set c a and press Return NightView echoes this command in the debug message area Tutorial GUI Handling Signals GUI By default signals stop execution under the debugger I
478. r s Guide Shared memory 3 19 7 53 A 1 E 1 Glossary 3 Shell Glossary 10 dialogue 3 4 3 5 3 18 3 21 5 6 9 18 E 1 shell 3 3 3 37 3 38 7 20 7 60 7 119 7 144 8 1 9 19 9 42 9 75 SHELL environment variable 7 119 Shell O 9 18 Shell prompt 1 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 Shift F8 key 9 10 Shift Tab key 9 11 SHMMNI configuration parameter A 1 show 3 5 7 31 7 32 showStaleIndicatorToggle set resource 9 56 D 7 si stepi 7 107 SIGABRT 7 113 SIGADA 7 113 SIGALRM 7 113 SIGFPE 7 113 siginfo 3 14 SIGINT 7 113 signal 3 14 7 94 7 102 7 110 Signals 3 14 3 16 3 38 4 1 4 7 5 1 5 9 7 34 7 40 7 77 7 102 7 104 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 109 7 110 7 112 Glossary 10 printing 7 131 SIGQUIT 7 113 SIGSEGV 7 113 SIGSTOP 7 102 7 104 7 110 7 112 SIGTRAP 3 14 7 109 SIGUSRI 4 1 4 7 4 27 4 32 5 1 5 9 Simple full screen interface 1 5 1 1 3 29 6 2 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 119 7 141 8 1 8 2 9 1 Glossary 6 editing commands 8 2 simplescreen option 8 1 Single process 3 2 Single process mode 9 13 9 14 9 15 9 21 9 23 9 24 9 28 9 34 9 39 9 41 9 42 9 49 Glossary 11 Single selection policy 9 9 Single stepping 3 14 3 36 3 38 4 11 4 16 5 11 5 16 7 105 7 106 7 107 7 108 7 109 9 36 9 38 9 39 smallFixedFontList resource D 3 smallFontList resource D 3 source 3 16 3 31 3 34 7 18 7 119 7 135 Source display area 9 23 9 45 Source display mode 9 37 Source file 3 1 5 1 5 7 5 10 5 11 5 14 5 15 5 16
479. r If the qualifier specifies more than one process you get one listing for each process each listing is preceded by a notation indicating which process the listing is for The specified source file is found using the directory search path you established using the directory command see directory on page 7 63 Note that each program has its own directory search path NightView maintains for each process a current source file The current source file is usually the most recent file listed or searched However when the process stops execution the current source file is automatically set to the file where execution stopped The context selection commands see Selecting Context on page 7 114 also set the current source file to the one associated with the selected stack frame When a process first starts execution the current source file is the one containing the main program If the first argument to the List command does not explicitly specify a source file then the current source file is used When you list one or more lines in a source file NightView remembers the first and last line of that group If you subsequently give a List command that uses a relative where spec or contains just a or argument those arguments are interpreted relative to the lines in the last group listed Arguments containing a are relative to the last line in the group and arguments containing a are relative to the first line in the group This
480. r NightTrace NightView PowerMAX OS iHawk and RedHawk are trademarks of Concurrent Computer Corporation NFS is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc OSF Motif is a registered trademark of The Open Group Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red Hat Inc PowerPC is a registered trademark of IBM Corp and PowerPC 604 is a trademark of IBM Corp UNIX is a registered trademark licensed exclusively by the X Open Company Ltd X Window System and X are trademarks of The Open Group HyperHelp is a trademark of Brisol Technology Inc Printed in U S A Revision History Level Effective With Original Release July 1992 010 NightView 1 1 Previous Release June 2003 250 NightView 5 6 Current Release November 2003 260 NightView 5 7 Preface General Information Scope of Manual NightView is a general purpose source level program debugger Some of the features make it useful for debugging systems of real time programs but it can also be used to debug a single ordinary program NightView can debug programs written in multiple languages C C and Fortran are supported Ada is supported on PowerMAX OS NightView can debug multiple processes on the local system or on different hosts NightView has been designed to be as flexible as possible The NightView command interpreter includes macro processing so that you can write your o
481. r You may leave this field empty if the specified user name does not have a password on the designated remote system Name for new Dialogue This field specifies the name to give to the dialogue See Qualifier Specifi ers on page 7 13 If you leave this field empty the name of the dialogue will default to be the same as the Remote host field If the remote system name is not a valid dialogue name an error dialog will appear See Warning and Graphical User Interface Error Dialog Boxes on page 9 15 A common reason for the remote system to be an invalid dialogue name is that the remote system name contains period characters e g it includes domain names or it is an IP address instead of a name Scheduling information Priority This field specifies the priority you want applied to the NightView processes running on the remote system You will usually want to leave this empty to select the default value However if your application contains continuously running processes that run at real time priorities you may need to set the pri ority of NightView or it will not get sufficient CPU time to perform its debug ging chores We suggest that you set this only if the target system has little or no spare CPU resources and you notice a lack of responsiveness in Night View Valid values for the priority depend on the scheduling class you select See the run 1 command for valid values Note that you may need special pr
482. r identifier The name of the variable to be described Print out information about where the given variable visible in the current context is located If the variable is in a register it prints the register name If it is on the stack it prints the stack frame offset If it is in static memory it prints the absolute location To determine the absolute address of a particular instance of a stack variable you must use the print command to evaluate an expression which returns the address for the C language this would be something like print amp name see print on page 7 70 List names of source files info sources pattern pattern Wildcard pattern to match against source file names See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 This command lists the names of the source files recorded in the debug tables If a wildcard pattern is given it lists only file names matching the wildcard pattern If multiple processes are specified in the command qualifier the source files for each process are listed separately List names of functions subroutines or Ada unit names info functions regexp 7 137 NightView User s Guide info types info whatis info representation 7 138 regexp A regular expression to match against function names An anchored match is implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 This command lists the names of functions subroutines or Ada unit names recorded in the debug tables If
483. r or have an implicit frame pointer derived from information in the program The fp variable always represents the frame address even if it is not a specific hardware register and local variables are always described with some offset from the frame pointer see info address on page 7 137 Sis is defined when a watchpoint is triggered See Watchpoints on page 3 11 Sis is the value of the variable being watched after the instruction that causes the trigger has completed Swas is defined when a watchpoint is triggered before the condition is evaluated See Watchpoints on page 3 11 Swas is the value of the variable being watched before the instruction that causes the trigger has begun was is not available on an Intel A 32 system The Hawk machines are based on the Intel IA 32 architecture see A 32 Intel Architec ture Software Developer s Manual for architectural details See info registers on page 7 130 In addition to the common register definitions for stack pointer Ssp frame pointer fp and program counter Spc the IA 32 machines support the registers shown in the following table 7 7 NightView User s Guide Table 7 3 IA 32 Registers 7 8 Seax Sebx Secx Sedx Sesi Sedi Sebp Sesp Sax Sal Sah These names map onto the 8 general purpose registers Note that sp is the same as Sesp and Sfp is the same as Sebp Sbx cx dx si di Sbp sp16 These names ma
484. r location specifiers and for expressions In C language mode overloading of functions and operators is allowed In Ada language mode overloading of enumeration constants functions operators and procedures is allowed See set language on page 7 47 NightView refers to the appropriate entity if it has enough context to determine that there is only one choice Otherwise you need to provide NightView with additional information in the form of Concepts special syntax added to the expression or location specifier where the overloaded name is used This is typically a two step process You run the command once and get an error which displays the possible choices Then you run the command again with additional syntax to request the specific candidate number from that list The special syntax used to request candidates from the list is described in Selecting Overloaded Entities on page 7 2 Overloaded names are supported in language expressions see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 and location specifiers see Location Specifiers on page 7 12 and the same syntax is used for both The set overload command see set overload on page 7 57 may also be used to make NightView automatically generate overload candidate lists by turning on either of the two separate overload modes for routine names and language operators This automates the first step of the two step process The special syntax may be used to request over
485. re count and any eventpoint condition on the patchpoint If the patchpoint is not hit the original instruction is executed normally When patching in a goto you should be aware that the compiler has probably generated code which expects certain register contents and altering the flow of control in your pro gram can very easily send it to a new location with unexpected values in registers so the goto patchpoint should be used only when you are sure you know all the consequences You may attach a condition or ignore count to both kinds of patchpoints using the condition see condition on page 7 95 or ignore see ignore on page 7 98 commands This suppresses execution of the patched expression unless the ignore count is zero and the conditional expression evaluates to TRUE Patchpoints are implemented by modifying the executable code for the program so they will remain in effect until the program exits even if you detach the debugger from the program unless the patchpoint was disabled when you detached see detach on page 7 35 and disable on page 7 96 Note that the disk copy of the program is not modified you must edit your source recompile and relink to make a permanent modification to the program If multiple patchpoints are made at the same point in the program they will all be executed in the order they were applied This is especially important to note for goto patchpoints because once a goto is executed an
486. rea isec total_sig You are ready to finish setting the conditional breakpoint Exercise Save your changes and make the breakpoint dialog box go away Solution In the breakpoint dialog box you should click on the OK button NightView closes the breakpoint dialog box For the C program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 7 set at parent c 16 For the Fortran program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 7 set at parent f 17 Tutorial GUI For the Ada program NightView displays in the debug message area local 15625 Breakpoint 7 set at parent a 15 The indicated line gets a B source line decoration in the debug source display Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint GUI Sometimes you won t want to monitor each iteration of a loop For example assume that a loop runs many times and somewhere during the loop an error occurs You could ignore the first half of the loop values to determine in which half of the iterations the error occurred Exercise Set a breakpoint on the line that displays how long the parent is sleeping in parent routine ignoring the next five iterations Solution In the debug source display you should click on the line For parent c it is line 16 For parent f itis line 17 For parent a it is line 15 You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Set Breakpoint NightView displays the breakpoint dialog box E
487. rea process list and then clicking on the Switch To button After clicking Switch To the debug source file name source display area and status are changed to their values for the parent The debug message area shows Switched to local 15625 The buttons that were dimmed for the child process are no longer dimmed Removing a Breakpoint GUI 5 22 Breakpoint 1 set in Setting the First Breakpoints GUI on page 5 9 is no longer needed Exercise Read about the Debug Window s Eventpoint menu s Summarize Change item in Debug Eventpoint Menu on page 9 26 Use this item to remove breakpoint 1 Tutorial GUI Solution You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Summarize Change NightView displays the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box Three eventpoints appear in the eventpoint list NightView displays the following mes sage below the eventpoint list 3 eventpoints were found Exercise Read about the Delete button in Debug Eventpoint Summarize Change Dialog Box on page 9 49 Use it to delete the breakpoint Solution You should select breakpoint 1 from the eventpoint list and click on the Delete button NightView puts up a warning dialog box Exercise Read the message in the warning dialog box allow the delete to proceed and make the dialog box go away Solution In the warning dialog box you should click on the OK button NightView closes the warning dialog box and de
488. rectory program name is subject to object filename translations See translate object file on page 7 24 This command tells NightView where to find the executable file corresponding to the processes specified by the qualifier Obviously you should ensure that all those processes are in fact running the same program otherwise you may get strange behavior NOTE NightView does not do this verification for you because the processes may be executing different copies of the same program on several different systems NightView would not be able to tell that these were the same program You usually use this command in conjunction with the core file command see core file on page 7 37 You may also need to use it if NightView is unable to determine the executable file corresponding to a new process being debugged See Finding Your Program on page 3 8 If you do not explicitly specify a symbol file for a process see symbol file on page 7 36 NightView uses the executable file Since the symbolic information is usually contained in the executable file anyway this is most often what you want You can specify the executable file and symbol file in any order for a given process When a new executable file is specified any on program commands that match the new file name are executed See on program on page 7 39 Examples on program Command Line Interface local core file mycore New process local 655
489. red library 3 39 NightView User s Guide 3 40 One consequence of this action however concerns signals If your process should receive a signal while the dynamic linker is running NightView will detect it and give you an error message You will not be able to reference the shared library parts of your program and most likely the process will not be able to continue executing properly One source of such a signal is the dynamic linker itself If it cannot find one or more of the shared library files referenced by the program it will abort the process with a signal Some programs require more flexibility in their use of shared libraries These programs call the dlopen 3X service to load a shared library when it is needed Because this happens after the program has initialized Night View is unaware that a new shared library has been brought into the program s address space However it is easy to make NightView aware of any dynamically loaded libraries at any time Once your program has loaded a library or libraries using dlopen you can use the exec file command to force NightView to reexamine the list of shared libraries referenced by the program See exec file on page 7 38 After your program has called dlopen enter the following command exec file program name where program name is the name of the program you are running the one that calls dlopen NightView updates its database of shared libraries and you can then refe
490. red in either upper or lower case You cannot abbreviate file names symbolic names or NightView construct names Commands are terminated by the end of the input line 7 1 NightView User s Guide If you enter a line interactively consisting solely of a newline NightView will usually repeat the previous command This is explained more fully later see Repeating Commands on page 7 18 You can include comment lines with your commands A comment line starts with the character which must be the first non blank character on the line and terminates at the end of the input line Comments are most useful when you write debugger source files or macros see Defining and Using Macros on page 7 140 and source on page 7 119 NightView prompts you for input The format of the prompt may be controlled by the set prompt command see set prompt on page 7 50 The default prompt includes the names of all the dialogues in the default qualifier and looks like this local Some NightView commands require multiple lines of input For these commands the command line and simple full screen interfaces change the prompt to gt to remind you that you are entering a multi line command gt To terminate NightView use the quit command which can be abbreviated q see quit on page 7 20 The subsections below explain some common syntactic constructs that are used in a variety of NightView commands Selecting Overloade
491. rence data and procedures in the dynamically loaded libraries You can issue this exec file command as often as you wish If your program loads several libraries at various points during its execution you may want to issue the exec ile command several times Tutorial A Tutorial This is the tutorial for the command line version of NightView NightView s command line interface runs on all terminals For more information about the command line inter face see Chapter 7 Command Line Interface on page 7 1 You may also be interested in the graphical user interface GUI version of this chapter in Chapter 5 Tutorial GUI on page 5 1 There is a much shorter tutorial in Chapter 1 A Quick Start on page 1 1 About the Tutorial This tutorial shows only the most common debugger commands and features It expects you to know the basics about processes and signals but you do not need to know about NightView and debugging concepts The supplied tutorial program spawns a child process The parent writes a message to std out sleeps sends signal SIGUSR1 to the child and loops The child writes a message to stdout when it receives the signal Become familiar with the tutorial s source code see Chapter G Tutorial Files on page G 1 or the files under the usr lib NightView Tutorial directory The source files are C Fortran Ada msg h Defines constants main c main f main a Forks a child and calls other rou tines parent
492. ress Return The preceding is a safety precaution Avoid accidentally debugging the wrong pro gram by always providing some path information NightView displays the Principal Debug Window You can create other Debug Windows but you won t do that for this tutorial The debug identification area shows that msg is the executable program the process is run ning Tutorial GUI The debug message area shows New Process local 15625 parent pid 17882 Process local 15625 is executing users bob nview msg Reading symbols from users bob nview msg done Executable file set to users bob nview msg Switched to process local 15625 If msg was dynamically linked NightView also displays the following messages Program was dynamically linked Dynamic linking completed The file file does not contain symbolic debug information only external symbols will be visible The long message may not appear NightView shows the process ID PID of the new process and the path where your execut able exists Your PID and the path where your executable exists will probably differ from those in this tutorial For information about processes see Programs and Processes on page 3 2 The message Switched to process local 15625 indicates that this process is the currently displayed process The debug source file name field shows the name of the source file that is being displayed in the debug source display main c ma
493. ric constant as an absolute frame address It evaluates expression in the context of this frame address regard 7 5 NightView User s Guide less of the current frame If there is no frame on the current stack with this address the results are undefined You may wish to use this form in display expressions see display on page 7 77 to refer to a specific stack frame regardless of where it appears relative to the current frame You can use the info frame command see info frame on page 7 128 to get the frame address for any stack frame The above constructs may be used freely in any language expression This means they may be nested in case you want to do something like back up the stack frame then shift to a different local scope in that routine Because different frames may be associated with routines in different languages the expressions evaluated in any given context may be expressions in different languages This might not always make sense because different languages support different data types If NightView cannot figure out how to evaluate a mixed language expression it returns an error If you use any of these constructs in a conditional expression for an inserted eventpoint breakpoint agentpoint monitorpoint patchpoint or tracepoint or in a monitorpoint patchpoint or tracepoint expression they are evaluated at the time you establish the expression not when the expression is evaluated within the eventpoi
494. rifying Data Values GUI You want to look at the value of variables in the msg program Exercise Read about the Print debug command button in the Debug Window Use it to check that the total_sig variable has the value 10 Solution In the debug source display of the Debug Window start at one side of any instance of the total_sig variable hold down mouse button 1 drag it across the entire variable name and release Alternatively you could double click on the variable name where it appears surrounded by spaces Only the variable name should be highlighted Click on the Print button NightView displays in the debug message area 1 total sig 10 The Print button always prints integers in decimal NightView keeps a history of printed values The 1 means that this is the first value in this history For more information about the printed value history see Value History on page 3 33 Note that if you had looked at the total_sig variable after its last use you might have seen gibberish This happens when the location holding a value gets overwritten For more information see Optimization on page 3 34 In the Fortran program total_sig was put in COMMON so you could consistently see its value in the tutorial Listing the Source GUI You want to look at the source code for child_routine Exercise Read about the Debug Windows Source menu s List Function Unit item in Debug Source Menu on page 9 23 Wit
495. rivate Hard Local Shared Global and UBlock Default then text and ublock pages will be placed in local memory if possible soft local policy specified by the Default Soft Local selection while private data will be forced to local memory and shared data will be forced to global memory Action Buttons OK The OK button is enabled if you have specified all the required information Required information is the remote host name and login name and if you selected a binding type of Bias or Exclusive at least one CPU must be selected When you press the OK button the remote dialogue is created and the remote login dialog is dismissed If the remote dialogue cannot be created either an error dialog box will appear or the remote login dialog disappears and a mes sage is displayed in the message area See Warning and Error Dialog Boxes on page 9 15 See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 Cancel Pressing the Cancel button dismisses the dialog box without creating a remote dialogue Help Pressing the Help button brings up the online help with information about the remote login dialog Monitor Window GUI The Monitor Window is created when you use monitorpoints while running NightView with the graphical user interface See Monitor Window on page 3 29 9 55 NightView User s Guide Monitor Menu Bar From the monitor menu bar you can perform global NightView actions change the options for the window invoke oth
496. rocess summary 9 19 Processes multiple 1 5 7 114 7 128 7 129 7 131 7 137 procfs 3 18 Program 3 2 Glossary 9 commands on 7 39 compiling 1 2 2 2 3 34 4 2 5 3 fact 1 1 2 1 msg 4 3 4 7 4 10 4 21 5 3 5 8 5 10 5 22 restarting 3 15 3 16 7 40 7 42 7 45 Glossary 2 Glossary 10 running 1 2 4 6 5 6 7 31 7 33 Index setuid 3 3 starting 3 15 Program arguments 1 3 2 3 6 1 9 20 Program Arguments Dialog Box 9 20 Program counter 3 21 3 25 3 27 7 7 7 110 7 130 Glossary 10 Program I O E 1 Program input 1 3 2 3 3 5 4 11 5 12 7 30 7 51 Program location specifying 7 12 Program name 1 1 2 1 3 8 4 3 4 7 5 3 5 8 6 2 9 20 9 35 Program output 3 5 3 32 3 33 9 18 Progress bar 9 7 D 4 Progress indication 9 7 D 4 Prologue 7 13 Prompt 7 2 7 51 1 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 local 1 3 4 4 gt 7 90 7 94 7 141 command 4 4 4 12 dialogue 6 2 7 2 shell 1 3 2 3 4 4 5 4 ps 3 3 Pseudo process 3 3 3 18 6 3 7 37 7 39 Pseudo terminal A 2 ptrace 3 3 3 18 3 19 3 20 3 21 E 1 pty A 2 ptype info declaration 7 139 pwd 7 60 Q q quit 1 6 7 2 7 20 Qualifier 3 4 4 15 4 22 5 4 7 1 7 13 7 49 9 19 9 31 9 41 9 43 9 50 Glossary 10 Quick command summary B 1 quit 6 3 quit 1 6 4 32 7 2 7 20 9 22 Quitting 1 6 2 7 4 32 5 34 7 20 R rkey 9 38 Radio button 9 12 9 14 9 15 9 28 9 29 9 48 9 67 raise 3 35 ReadyToDebug 1 3 2 3 3 8 4 4 5 4 Real time debugging 3 6 Recursion
497. rogram but you have moved the source files to usr joe main main c and usr joe doit doit c Enter a directory 7 63 NightView User s Guide command to indicate the new root of the source tree local directory usr joe 7 64 Searching forward search reverse search Command Line Interface Search forward through the current source file for a specified regular expression forward search regexp Abbreviation fo regexp The regular expression to search for No anchored match is implied see Regular Expressions on page 7 15 If regexp is omitted the previous regexp is used The search command is applied to the current source file of each process specified by the qualifier The search starts at the first line displayed by the last list command the last place the process stopped or the last place a search was satisfied whichever was most recent and proceeds forward through the file to the end In the graphical user interface the search position is not affected by scrolling the source window If the regular expression is found the containing source line is listed This will affect subsequent list commands that specify relative arguments If the end of the file is encountered without finding the regular expression a message is printed indicating the search was unsuccessful For a definition of current source file see list on page 7 61 The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current sear
498. rogram command allows a user specified sequence of one or more debugger commands to be executed immediately after exec ing a program that is being debugged by NightView When a debugged process performs an exec or the exec file command is used to change the location of the executable file name the list of on program patterns for that process s controlling dialogue is checked to see if any of the patterns match the executable file name of the program that was just exec ed The most recently specified on program command whose pattern matches the executable file name of the newly exec ed program will have its commands executed 7 39 NightView User s Guide 7 40 on program processing is related to on restart processing When a program execs or the exec file command is used NightView first checks the on restart patterns See on restart on page 7 41 If a match is found then the commands associated with the matching pattern are executed In this case no on program patterns are checked However on restart commands created by a checkpoint always begin with a call to the macro restart begin hook The initial definition of this macro invokes the apply on program command So by default on program patterns are checked and matching commands are run before the on restart commands are run See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 If no match is found in the on restart patterns then NightView checks the on program pat
499. rrent state of breakpoints info breakpoint verbose name number Abbreviation i b verbose Specify that the locations of all breakpoints displayed will be in verbose for mat Verbose location format includes the program counter address or addresses of the breakpoint and where possible the corresponding function name file name and line number The number of PC addresses printed is sub ject to the limit on printing addresses see set limits on page 7 49 The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint number This command normally describes all breakpoints associated with the processes indicated by the command qualifier If you specify a list of eventpoint names or numbers only those events are described If any of the specified eventpoints are not breakpoints they are ignored Breakpoints are created with the breakpoint command See breakpoint on page 7 84 The information printed includes info tracepoint Command Line Interface The breakpoint ID e Current state of breakpoint enabled disabled temporary e The breakpoint location If verbose was specified then the location will be printed in verbose format Otherwise it will be printed in the format in which it was specified when the breakpoint was created The number of times program execution has crossed the breakpoint since the program started execution even if the ignore count or condition was no
500. s about manipulating eventpoints while your process is running with proc or ptrace The first inserted eventpoint within a particular text region must be set while the process is stopped A text region is either your program or the dynamic libraries it references The first monitorpoint must be set while the process is stopped regardless of whether other eventpoints have been set in that region See Monitorpoints on page 3 10 This is necessary because NightView needs to do special processing when the first eventpoint is created within a text region or when the first monitorpoint is created That special processing requires the process to be stopped 3 20 Concepts These restrictions do not apply to the debug agent which handles the special pro cessing in a different way While the process is executing you may not use forms of commands that depend on knowing the program counter or the value of any machine register See Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Note that monitorpoints and tracepoints also provide ways of monitoring your program without stopping it See Real Time Debugging on page 3 6 Using proc or ptrace and the Debug Agent Together Using the debug agent together with proc or ptrace is easy To debug a program this way you first get control of it with proc or ptrace by either running the program in a dialogue shell or using the attach command See Dialogues on page 3 4 A
501. s apply to dialogues The qualifier is a prefix that determines the dialogues and or processes to which the following command applies A qualifier is simply a list of dialogues and or processes enclosed in parentheses If a command applies only to dialogues and the qualifier includes specific processes the command applies to the dialogues containing the processes If a command applies only to processes but the qualifier includes dialogues the command applies to all processes in those dialogues If a command affects neither dialogues nor processes the qualifier is ignored You can set a default qualifier that will be applied when you don t provide one For more information on the syntax and operation of qualifiers see Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 On startup NightView provides you with a dialogue local for debugging on the local machine The initial default qualifier is set to all to indicate all dialogues and processes After the qualifier if any all commands start with a keyword which may be abbreviated to the shortest unambiguous prefix Many frequently used commands also have special abbreviations Most commands have one or more arguments some arguments are also keywords while others are information you supply A keyword argument can usually be abbreviated if it is unambiguous any exceptions to this rule are noted in the section describing the command Both command and argument keywords are case insensitive they can be ente
502. s is called the parent process A process may have many child processes but only one parent process You can control whether the child process is debugged with the set children command See set children on page 7 44 NightView keeps a history of all the commands you enter You can retrieve commands edit them and re enter them See Command History on page 3 34 e A command line interface deals with only one line at a time This kind of interface can be used from a terminal or from other programs that expect simple behavior such as a shell running in emacs Contrast this with a full screen interface and a graphical user interface See Chapter 7 Command Line Interface on page 7 1 A command stream is a set of commands executed sequentially by NightView The com mands attached to a breakpoint form a command stream as do the commands you type as input to NightView Execution of commands in one command stream may be interleaved with the execution of commands from another command stream See Command Streams on page 3 31 conditional breakpoint context Glossary 2 A breakpoint may have a language expression associated with it The breakpoint is hit only if the expression evaluates to TRUE when the breakpoint is encountered See break point Context refers to the information the debugger uses to determine how to evaluate an expression The main components of the context are the program counter which deter min
503. s n for new line This command prints the given text It is intended as an adjunct to the other commands which print information about the program so that the output can be customized to whatever is desired A backslash V may be used to correctly print leading and trailing spaces In other words a backslash may be used at the beginning of text to print leading spaces appearing after the backslash and one may be used at the end of text to print the spaces appearing before the backslash The backslash characters themselves are not printed Note that a newline is not printed unless the newline sequence n is included Examples local echo Text with two leading spaces and a newline n local echo A backslash and the number three 063 The first example prints Text with two leading spaces and a newline followed by a newline The second example prints A backslash and the number three 3 but does not print a newline data display Control items in a Data Window data display window window name kind value expression window window name Determines which Data Window is affected by this command The default is Data Window kind value value indicates which kind of item to placed in the Data Window value is one of locals registers callstack or threads expression An expression to place in a Data Window There should not be a kind key word in this form of the command The data display
504. s on 3 16 7 94 7 122 7 126 9 48 NFS 3 2 condition on 3 16 7 95 7 122 7 126 9 47 ni nexti 7 108 deleting 7 95 9 49 9 51 nice value 7 22 disabling 7 96 9 47 9 51 NightBench Builder 9 32 displaying 7 121 7 125 NightBench Development 9 32 enabling 7 97 9 47 9 51 NightBench Project 9 33 hitting 7 126 9 47 NightBench tool set ignoring 3 16 7 98 7 122 7 126 9 47 Glossary 7 NightBench Project 9 33 named 3 16 7 83 7 90 9 48 NightProbe 9 33 saving 3 16 NightSim 3 37 9 33 setting 7 80 7 90 9 46 NightStar tool set 9 32 9 74 D 1 state 7 126 9 47 temporary 9 47 Index 16 NightBench Builder 9 32 NightBench Development 9 32 NightProbe 9 33 NightSim 9 33 NightTrace 9 34 NightTrace 9 34 Glossary 8 NightTrace 3 6 3 11 7 88 7 89 NightView 1 5 3 1 Glossary 8 NightView menu 9 17 9 21 9 43 9 56 9 59 9 74 Data 9 59 Debug 9 21 9 43 Dialogue 9 17 Global 9 74 Monitor 9 56 NightView version 1 2 4 4 6 2 9 4 H 1 NIGHTVIEW_ENV environment variable 3 5 3 7 nodebug 3 2 3 5 7 17 7 20 7 23 7 24 7 26 7 28 Nodebug interest level 3 17 3 29 7 55 nogui option 1 2 4 4 6 1 Normal mode 9 10 Notification of events 7 31 7 33 7 35 7 112 8 1 notify 7 34 NPROC configuration parameter A 2 ntrace 3 11 7 87 ntraceud 3 38 7 89 nview invoking 6 1 nview exiting 1 6 2 7 4 32 5 34 7 20 invoking 1 2 2 2 3 34 4 3 4 4 5 4 nview l 2 2 2 8 1 Nview file D 1 D 8 nview option help 4
505. s sub items to describe Ada tasks C threads and Lightweight Pro cesses LWPs or thread processes The sub items of each of those items is a list of threads of that type Expanding a thread shows the stack for that thread The currently selected thread shows lt in the value field Data Item Popup Menu This menu pops up when you click on a data item action button with mouse button 3 The menu lets you operate on the data item or its sub items Some menu items are not applicable for some data items These inactive items are dis abled dimmed or hidden depending on the setting of the Hide Inactive Menu But tons check button in the data options menu See Data Options Menu on page 9 59 Collapse Mnemonic L Expand Mnemonic X Either Collapse or Expand is shown depending on whether the sub items are cur rently expanded Clicking on this button is the same as clicking on the data item action button with mouse button 1 Treat Pointer as Array Mnemonic A This check button may be set to consider the pointer to point to an array of elements so that the sub items are the elements of the array See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Expand Tree Mnemonic T Expand all the sub items of this data item and their sub items etc Clicking on this button pops up a dialog box to ask you how many levels of sub items to expand See Data Window Expand Tree on page 9 70 Collapse Tree Mnemonic R All the sub items of th
506. s to be interesting and the rest to be uninteresting NightView avoids showing you uninteresting subprograms Single step commands do not normally stop in an uninteresting subprogram See step on page 7 105 A stack walk back does not display frames corresponding to uninteresting subprograms See Stack on page 3 26 In general subprograms compiled with debug information are usually interesting and the rest are usually uninteresting NightView gives you control over which subprograms are considered interesting by using the interest command See interest on page 7 54 Each process has a current interest level threshold The default threshold is 0 NightView uses rules to decide on the interest level of a subprogram If the interest level of the sub program is greater than or equal to the interest level threshold then the subprogram is con sidered to be interesting NightView uses these rules in order to determine the interest level for a subprogram 1 The interest level may be specified for that subprogram with the inter est command 2 If the subprogram is an inline subprogram the value of the inline inter est level is compared to the interest level threshold If the inline interest level is less than the interest level threshold then the interest level for the subprogram is the minimum value Otherwise continue with the next rule Concepts 3 The interest level may be recorded in the debug information for that s
507. safety forbid verify unsafe forbid In forbid mode the debugger simply refuses to execute a dangerous com mand and explains why it will not execute You may have tried to quit while processes were still running etc verify In verify mode the debugger tells you what dangerous thing you are about to do and asks if you really meant that see Replying to Debugger Questions on page 7 19 If you answer yes it goes ahead and does it This is the default safety level of the debugger unsafe In unsafe mode the debugger simply tells you what it did It assumes you meant what you said and does not try to stop you If no mode is specified then the set safety command prints the current safety level The qualifier on the set safety command is ignored Control whether restart information is applied set restart always never verify always Restart information is unconditionally applied when a program starts This is the default mode never Restart information is never applied when a program starts verify When a program starts you are asked whether to apply restart information to it If no keyword is specified then the set restart command prints the current restart mode The restart mode is a global mode not a per process or per dialogue mode The qualifier on the set restart command is ignored See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 set local Command Line Interface Define process local conven
508. scribe current state of tracepoints See info tracepoint on page 7 123 for more information info types Print type definition information See info types on page 7 138 for more informa tion info variables Print global variable information See info variables on page 7 136 for more information info watchpoint Describe current state of watchpoints See info watchpoint on page 7 127 for more information info whatis whatis Describe the result type of an expression visible in the current context See info whatis on page 7 138 for more information interest Control which subprograms are interesting See interest on page 7 54 for more information Jump Continue execution at a specific location See jump on page 7 109 for more infor mation kill Terminate a list of processes See kill on page 7 36 for more information list 1 List a source file See list on page 7 61 for more information load Dynamically load an object file possibly replacing existing routines See load on page 7 80 for more information login Login to a new dialogue shell See login on page 7 21 for more information B 7 NightView User s Guide B 8 logout Terminate a dialogue See logout on page 7 26 for more information mcontrol hold release Control the monitor display window See mcontrol on page 7 91 for more infor mation monitorpoint
509. sed to prompt for command input set prompt string string Specify the string the debugger uses to prompt for command input The string must be enclosed in double quotes If you include any of the following sub strings in the prompt they will be expanded by the debugger immediately prior to printing the prompt sq Expands to the current default qualifier This prints out the same way the qualifier was defined If you used a family name it shows the family name not the individual PIDs etc If the default qualifier is auto it prints the current automatically selected PID Sp Expands to the complete list of PIDs implied by the current default qual ifier Sd Expands to the complete list of dialogues implied by the current default qualifier sa Expands to the complete list of dialogues if the current default qualifier is all Otherwise this expands to the current default qualifier set terminator Command Line Interface oe oo Expands to the single character The string argument may also include the escape sequences recognized in C language strings such as n to indicate a newline The string Sa is the default prompt The qualifier on the set prompt command is ignored Examples afamily set prompt p gt local 2047 2048 gt The above example shows what happens when the default qualifier is a process family named afamily assumed to contain two PIDs 2047 and 2048 both in dialogue local The ini
510. ses named in the command qualifier Any breakpoints monitorpoints or watchpoints set in those processes are removed but patchpoints tracepoints and agentpoints remain if they are enabled when you execute the detach command See breakpoint on page 7 84 patchpoint on page 7 85 monitorpoint on page 7 90 agentpoint on page 7 92 tracepoint on page 7 88 and watchpoint on page 7 100 The processes are allowed to continue running normally and the debugger will not be notified of any subsequent events that occur in those processes If any of the processes fork or exec new programs the debugger will not see them When the safety level is unsafe see set safety on page 7 52 detaching a process NightView User s Guide kill symbol file that was stopped while evaluating a debugger expression containing a function call aborts any expression evaluation in progress This returns the process to the state it was in when you asked to evaluate the expression At verify safety level it asks first and at safety level forbid it refuses to let you detach the process For another way of avoiding debugging certain processes see nodebug on page 7 24 Also see set children on page 7 44 Terminate a list of processes kill The kill command terminates all the processes named in the command qualifier In the graphical user interface if you use a Kill button as opposed to manually typing
511. shell to terminate it normally prior to logging out on dialogue Command Line Interface Example adialogue detach adialogue exit adialogue logout The example shows how to avoid having any processes killed The detach command allows all processes in the dialogue to continue running independently of the debugger The exit command sends an exit command to the dialogue shell to terminate it normally then the logout command terminates the debugger dialogue Specify debugger commands to be executed when a dialogue is created on dialogue regexp on dialogue regexp command on dialogue regexp do regexp A regular expression to match against the names of newly created dialogues See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 command A debugger command to be executed when a new dialogue whose name matches regexp is created In the third form of the on dialogue command the debugger commands to be executed must begin on the line following the do keyword The list of debugger commands to execute is terminated when a line containing only the words end on dialogue is encountered The on dialogue command allows a user specified sequence of one or more debugger commands to be executed immediately after creating a new dialogue within NightView When a new dialogue is created the list of all on dialogue regular expressions is checked to see if any of them match the name of the new dialogue The most recently specified on dialogue com
512. sing occurs for a write i e a store of the specified address Either or both of read and write may be specified If neither is specified the default is write If the target is an Intel IA 32 watchpoint processing always occurs for a write even if write is omitted because it is not possible to create a read only watchpoint on Intel address Indicates this is the address expression form of the command name watchpoint name Gives a name to the watchpoint for later reference see name on page 7 83 If watchpoint name is already defined then this command adds the newly cre ated watchpoints to the list of eventpoints associated with the name lvalue An expression that yields an addressable item to watch For example value may be a variable name or an array element address expression An expression that yields an address to watch size size expression The size of the item to watch in bytes type expression An expression whose type indicates the size of the item to watch type is used only in restart information if conditional expression Sets a condition on the watchpoint The watchpoint is considered to be hit only if conditional expression evaluates to TRUE The conditional expression is always evaluated in the global scope conditional expression is evaluated after the process has executed the instruction causing the trap 7 101 NightView User s Guide conditional expression may refer to the proce
513. something like this local b 18 local 15625 Breakpoint 1 set at main c 18 local b 25 local 15625 Breakpoint 2 set at main c 25 local b 30 local 15625 Breakpoint 3 set at main c 30 For the Fortran program this part of your debug session should look something like this local b 19 local 15625 Breakpoint 1 set at main f 19 4 9 NightView User s Guide local b 26 local 15625 Breakpoint 2 set at main f 26 local b 28 local 15625 Breakpoint 3 set at main f 28 For the Ada program this part of your debug session should look something like this local b 18 local 15625 Breakpoint 1 set at main a 18 local b 25 local 15625 Breakpoint 2 set at main a 25 local b 27 local 15625 Breakpoint 3 set at main a 27 Note that the preceding examples could have spelled out the breakpoint command NightView gives each breakpoint an ordinal identification number beginning at 1 By default breakpoints are set in the current list file main c main f or main a in this tutorial Note that you can put breakpoints only on executable statements NightView did not give you an error for attempting to put a breakpoint on a comment line Instead it put the breakpoint on the executable statement that immediately follows the comment line Listing a Breakpoint NightView changes the list display when you set a breakpoint Exercise Issue the list command that will relist the current lines Solution You should enter one of
514. spec This variant of the patchpoint command specifies a location to branch to when the program reaches the point of the patchpoint The instruction origi nally at the patchpoint location will not be executed NOTE The keywords name at eval and goto may not be abbrevi ated in this command The tpatch command is a variant of the patchpoint command See patchpoint on page 7 85 It works exactly like the patchpoint command but a temporary patchpoint will automatically disable itself after executing one time A temporary patchpoint may be enabled later in which case it will act exactly like a normal patchpoint See enable on page 7 97 A temporary patchpoint may be useful for patching in initialization code which should only execute once Set a watchpoint watchpoint eventpoint modifier once read write name watchpoint name at lvalue if conditional expression watchpoint eventpoint modifier once read write address name watchpoint name at address expression size size expression type expression if conditional expression Command Line Interface eventpoint modifier Specifies the watchpoint modifier See Eventpoint Modifiers on page 7 83 once The watchpoint is enabled only until the first time it is hit read Watchpoint processing occurs for a read 1 e a load of the specified address Either or both of read and write may be specified write Watchpoint proces
515. spec is used in various commands to specify a location in the executable program It can be any of the following function_name or unit_name specification body specifies the beginning of the named function or Ada unit Note that specifi cation and body are meaningful only with an Ada unit If a unit name is speci fied and neither specification nor body are given then body is assumed specification and body may be abbreviated to unique prefixes file_name line_number specifies the first instruction generated for the given line in the given file file_name function_name specifies the beginning of the specified function declared in the given file this is required for static functions that are not globally visible line_number specifies the first instruction generated for the given line in the current file line_number unit_name specification body specifies an Ada unit name which may be specified as a fully expanded unit name preceded by the line number in the source file If neither specification nor body are given then body is assumed specification and body may be abbreviated to unique prefixes Note that when specifying a line number and a unit name as a location specifier that the line number comes first whereas when specifying a filename with a line num ber the line number is ast expression specifies the address given by expression If a location specifier is omitted then the location used
516. ss local convenience variables Sis and was was is the value of the watched item before the process has executed the instruction causing the trap was is not available on an Intel IA 32 target Sis is the value of the watched item after the process has exe cuted the instruction causing the trap See Watchpoints on page 3 11 NOTE The at if name size and type keywords may not be abbre viated in this command watchpoint sets a watchpoint in each of the processes specified by the qualifier This causes the process to stop when it accesses the value or address expression See Watch points on page 3 11 You can specify commands to be executed when the watchpoint is hit See commands on page 7 94 Controlling Execution 7 102 This section describes commands used to control the execution of a process Most of the commands described in this section cause the processes specified in the qualifier to resume execution and then wait for something to happen This is what you usually want when you are debugging a single process Only resume resumes execution and then returns immediately for another command Some of the commands continue until something special happens For example step continues until control crosses a source line boundary However you should be aware that another event such as a signal or hitting a breakpoint may cause the process to stop sooner If the process stopped because of a signal then
517. starting a Program on page 3 15 You may use on restart explicitly if desired but you should be wary of conflicts with the debugger s use The debugger creates on restart commands as a result of a checkpoint on restart is virtually identical to on program in form and function See on program on page 7 39 for a description of the parameters and functionality of these commands That section also describes the interaction of these two commands If you wish to list allon restart commands or see which on restart commands would be executed for a particular program name use the info on restart command See info on restart on page 7 134 Take a restart checkpoint now checkpoint The checkpoint command saves restart information for the program running in each process in the qualifier In most cases you do not need to use the checkpoint command because checkpoints are taken automatically at certain times See Restarting a Program on page 3 15 checkpoint gives you a way to explicitly take a checkpoint at a time you choose Note that any later checkpoints either explicit or automatic will replace the restart information Example In this example you are debugging a complex program You know some good places to set breakpoints and you know that you need some more to find the bug but are not sure yet where they should be You set your known breakpoints take a checkpoint and save the restart information to a file Then
518. stepping command See step on page 7 105 Stopped at breakpoint number The process hit breakpoint number number See Breakpoints on page 3 10 Stopped at watchpoint number The process stopped because of watchpoint number See Watchpoints on page 3 11 Graphical User Interface Stopped for watchpoint error The process stopped because of an error during watchpoint processing An error message in the debug message area in the Debug Window should explain the problem See Watchpoints on page 3 11 See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 Stopped after unexpected trap The process stopped due to an int3 instruction at a location that NightView was not expecting Either the user program has an int3 instruction in it which would be unusual or else there is an internal error in NightView This status is possible only on an Intel IA 32 target Stopped by attach The process has just been attached by the debugger See Attaching on page 3 3 Stopped by user The process stopped because of a stop command See stop on page 7 109 Stopped for exception name The process stopped because of the Ada exception named exception name See Exception Handling on page 3 35 Stopped for exec The process has just exec ed a new program image See Programs and Processes on page 3 2 Stopped with signal The process stopped with signal signal See Signals on page 3 14 Terminated with signal The
519. t You can interact with other NightView windows while this dialog box is displayed This dialog box is titled Select a Function Unit or Select a Source File depending on which menu item you selected and displays the qualifier of the currently displayed process Enter search criteria Enter the regular expression if you are searching for functions or wildcard pattern if you are searching for source files you want to search for then either press Return or click on Search For a regular expression an anchored match is not implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 See Wildcard Patterns on page 7 17 If you do not want to enter a regular expression or wildcard pattern you can simply press Return or click on Search and all functions or files are displayed For Ada and C the regular expression is only applied to the final component of a name The next time you use this dialog box this text is redisplayed Select a list item If NightView finds any functions or source files their names are displayed in the list area Scroll bars appear if the list requires more space than the dialog box currently provides If no functions or files are found a message is displayed in the debug message area See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 The list uses the browse selection policy which means that only one item can be selected at a time See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 Graphical User Interface Select
520. t in the program at the designated location spec Ada C and C programmers should note that this is an expression and not a statement therefore it does not end with a semicolon The concept of expression is extended to include assignments and procedure calls in Ada and Fortran See Expression Evalu ation on page 3 21 goto location spec This variant of the patchpoint command specifies a location to branch to when the program reaches the point of the patchpoint The instruction origi nally at the patchpoint location will not be executed Note that if an expression is used as a location spec the expression is evalu ated only once for each process in the qualifier For example if the location spec is S1r the value of register lr in the current context is used as the location to branch to NOTE The keywords name at eval and goto may not be abbrevi ated in this command Once an eval patchpoint is installed the language expression will be executed each time control reaches location spec in the program After the patchpoint is executed the original instruction will also execute 7 86 set trace Command Line Interface Once a goto patchpoint is installed the branch will be executed before the patched instruction each time execution reaches location spec in the program It is important to note that the original instruction is not executed if the patchpoint is hit that is depending on the enabled status the igno
521. t line does nothing Replying to Debugger Questions This section describes how to respond when the debugger asks you a question Certain forms of some debugger commands are considered unsafe and will check the debugger s safety level see set safety on page 7 52 before executing When the safety level is verify these commands will ask a question of the user and wait for verification The possible responses to the question are always yes and no case insensitive These responses may be abbreviated to their first letter if desired The response must be terminated by a carriage return A yes response indicates that the unsafe action is to be performed A no response indicates that the unsafe action is not to be performed In the graphical user interface the debugger pops up a warning dialog box See Warning Dialog Box on page 9 15 Controlling the Debugger This section describes how to exit NightView and the commands used to control debugged processes and your interaction with them NightView User s Guide Quitting NightView quit Stop everything Exit the debugger quit Abbreviation q This command terminates the debugger If the safety level see set safety on page 7 52 is forbid you will not be allowed to quit unless there are no processes being debugged In other safety levels any active processes will be killed when you quit If the safety level is verify you will be prompted for confirmat
522. t first becomes available cont inuous mode Display dialogue output when it is generated The notify and continuous modes both accept one of the following keyword arguments immediate In immediate mode the notification or actual output is displayed as soon as output becomes available atprompt In the atprompt mode the output is displayed only when the debugger is not requesting input This is typically immediately prior to printing a new prompt to request additional commands but it also prints output when the debugger is waiting for some event and has not yet prompted for new input Additional parameters on the set show command control logging to a file and the size of the internal buffer log filename The log parameter without the filename option turns off logging to a file and resumes buffering a limited amount of output in memory When a file name is 7 31 NightView User s Guide specified the output from the dialogue is logged to that file until the log parameter is changed buf fer number The buffer parameter is used to set the size of the buffer holding all the most recent output from the dialogue The default size is 10240 10K bytes When the buffer fills up the oldest output is discarded When logging to a file this parameter does not have any effect a log file may grow until disk space is exhausted This command only logs the output from dialogues It does not log debugger commands nor does it
523. t is an Intel I A 32 system The size letter may appear either before or after the x format letter x format letter One of the following letters specifying the format in which to print the con tents of memory a Print as an integer in hexadecimal and as an address relative to a pro gram symbol This format ignores size letter and always uses w Print as character constants This format ignores size letter and always uses b Print as signed integers in decimal format Print as floating point values Print as machine instructions in assembler syntax using the length of each instruction as the unit size A repeat count given with this format indicates how many instructions to print See set disassembly on page 7 58 to control the form of the diassem bly You can also view disassembly in the source display area of the Debug Window see Debug View Menu on page 9 28 Print as unsigned integers in octal format Print as a null terminated string using the length of the string including the null byte as the specified unit size the size letter if any is ignored A repeat count given with this format indicates how many strings to print If the string to be printed is longer than the string limit set by the set limits command the initial characters of the string are printed with an ellipsis following the closing quote see set limits on page 7 49 7 73 NightView User s Guide 7 74 Print
524. t local on page 7 53 you can make a variable local to a process Once you declare a variable name process local each process maintains a separate copy of that convenience variable a variable cannot be local in one process but shared among all other processes It is possible to imagine other types of scoping for convenience variables such as breakpoint local or dialogue local but process local and global are the only kinds currently implemented Because conditions on inserted eventpoints and the expressions associated with monitor points patchpoints and tracepoints are compiled code executed in the process being debugged references to convenience variables in these expressions always treat the con venience variable as a constant using the value the variable had at the time the expression was defined On the other hand the commands associated with a breakpoint or watch point and conditions attached to watchpoints are always executed by the debugger so a convenience variable referenced in a command gets the value at the time the command or condition is evaluated Each dialogue retains a buffer showing the output generated by the programs run in that dialogue shell This output may also be logged to a file see set show on page 7 31 In addition to the output log for each dialogue you may log the commands you type or the entire debug session see set log on page 7 47 NightView keeps the results of the print command
525. t pattern Note that if the target type is smaller than the source value the rightmost bits of the converted value are indeterminate C Expressions Concepts e NightView treats user defined character types i e enumerations which have character literals as enumeration values strictly as enumerations not as a character type The chief effect of this is that you cannot use string lit eral notation e g abc to form arrays of these types In NightView string literals are always interpreted as arrays of the built in type charac ter Aggregate values such as a gt 1 b gt 2 are not supported Other expressions that yield aggregate values are allowed Subprogram calls A NightView expression can contain subprogram calls either functions or proce dures provided that the arguments are either scalar types statically sized record types or arrays Note that this excludes subprograms with a formal argument that is an unconstrained record with discriminants but unconstrained arrays are supported Functions that return arrays or records are supported Overloaded operators and functions are supported in NightView with help from the user to select the correct function See Overloading on page 3 24 Attributes Subprograms that rename attributes are not supported The following attributes are not supported callable count key lock shm id terminated and unlock The fore and aft attributes of fixed poi
526. t satisfied this count is incremented The number of times the breakpoint has been hit since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to the breakpoint e The current ignore count e Any commands attached to the breakpoint This command sets the default x command dump address as well as the _ predefined TEL convenience variable to the address of the last breakpoint listed See x on page 7 72 and Predefined Convenience Variables on page 7 6 Describe current state of tracepoints info tracepoint verbose name number verbose Specify that the locations of all tracepoints displayed will be in verbose for mat Verbose location format includes the program counter address or addresses of the tracepoint and where possible the corresponding function name file name and line number The number of PC addresses printed is sub ject to the limit on printing addresses see set limits on page 7 49 The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint number This command describes tracepoints in the processes indicated by the qualifier Normally all tracepoints are described but if an argument is given only those named are described Any eventpoints specified in the argument list which are not tracepoints are ignored Tracepoints are created with the tracepoint command See
527. t state of monitorpoints See info monitorpoint on page 7 125 for more information info name Print information about an existing eventpoint name See info name on page 7 133 for more information info on dialogue Printon dialogue commands See info on dialogue on page 7 134 for more information info on program Print on program commands See info on program on page 7 134 for more information info on restart Printon restart commands See info on restart on page 7 134 for more infor mation info patchpoint Describe current state of patchpoints See info patchpoint on page 7 124 for more information info process Describe processes being debugged See info process on page 7 131 for more information info registers Print information about registers See info registers on page 7 130 for more infor mation info representation representation Describe the storage representation of an expression See info representation on page 7 138 for more information info signal Print information about signals See info signal on page 7 131 for more informa tion info sources List names of source files See info sources on page 7 137 for more information Summary of Commands info threads Describe lightweight processes Ada tasks and C threads and thread processes See info threads on page 7 135 for more information info tracepoint De
528. t the process never sees it The normal setting for SIGINT is local handle sigint stop print nopass Ada programs use some signals in the run time library so by default NightView sets these to nostop noprint pass For PowerMAX these are SIGADA SIGFPE and SIGSEGV For Linux these are SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGSEGV and signal 47 For a way to deal with signals one at a time see signal on page 7 110 To find out the current settings for all the signals see info signal on page 7 131 If two conflicting keywords are specified they are both applied in the order they appear For example if the initial setting for signal number is stop print pass and you say local handle 1 noprint print then the new setting is nostop print pass because noprint implies nostop handle applies to all the processes specified in the qualifier The default settings for all Ada exceptions are nostop noprint If the settings are changed to stop and print then execution is stopped in the Ada runtime routine that routes exceptions to the proper handler This routine is usually uninteresting so the cur rent frame is set to the code that caused the exception See Interesting Subprograms on 7 113 NightView User s Guide page 3 28 The user is informed of the name of the exception and the Ada Reference Manual references To find out how one or more exceptions will be handled you may use the info exception command See info exc
529. t was before you issued the frame expression command We recommend that while you have the frame set using the expression form you should restrict yourself to just using the up down backtrace and print commands and that you print only global variables or variables stored on the stack Move one or more stack frames toward the caller of the current stack frame up number of frames number of frames Number of stack frames to advance toward the oldest calling frame The num ber zero may be used to restore the current source position in the current frame see Current Frame on page 3 27 If a negative number is specified then frames are advanced toward the newest stack frame see down on page 7 116 If number of frames is not given the number defaults to one corresponding to the caller of the current frame This command is applied to each process in the qualifier 7 115 NightView User s Guide down Move one or more stack frames toward frames called by the current stack frame down number of frames number of frames Number of stack frames to advance toward the currently executing newest stack frame The number zero may be used to restore the current source posi tion in the current frame see Current Frame on page 3 27 If a negative number is specified then frames are advanced toward the oldest stack frame see up on page 7 115 If number of frames is not given the number defaults to o
530. tStar fonts See Using NightStar Resources on page D 2 You can for example change the default font by setting the resource fontList Changing the fontList line in your Nview file to fontList 9x15 causes NightView to use the 9x15 font for most of the textual display Fonts can take up a lot of memory in your X server If you are running low on server memory you might want to set up your resources so that you use fewer fonts Color Selection NightView defines a default color to use for most of the window areas This color is specified in the usr 1lib X11 app defaults Nview color resource file as the value of the standard X11 background resource This color is used by window NightView User s Guide components that do not have a color specified for them A few of the window components use colors specified by NightStar color resources These colors are specified in the same resource file as the default color See NightStar Color Resources on page D 4 You can change the colors used by NightView and you can control whether or not you use the NightStar colors See Using NightStar Resources on page D 2 NightView determines whether you are using a monochrome or color display and automatically loads the appropriate NightView monochrome or color application defaults file This means that you do not have to specify an X11 customization resource explicitly If you do specify this resource using either color or mono for
531. tView s multi process nature You may actually want to debug multiple copies of the same program and in that case you may or may not want to have the same eventpoints set in each copy However if you are debugging just one instance of one program you can easily restart its execution without having to manually duplicate your eventpoint settings Occasionally you may wish to run a program again and again without stopping when it execs or when it exits For instance if a program sometimes dies with a signal you could run it repeatedly until the signal occurs and then examine where it occurred To avoid having the process stop when it execs put a resume command see resume on page 7 104 inside an on program command see on program on page 7 39 like this on program yourprogram do resume end on program The resume command will not actually take effect until after the process has been initialized so on program and on restart commands that set eventpoints and otherwise modify the process work as expected Note that the process does actually stop when it execs but the resume command tells it to start running again as soon as NightView is finished initializing it To avoid having the process stop when it exits use the set exit command See set exit on page 7 45 These two mechanisms in combination allow you to run a program repeatedly and only stop it if it hits a breakpoint or a watchpoint or gets a signal The following
532. ta Options Menu on page 9 59 dwScrollRegionDefaultLines This resource controls the default number of lines in each scroll region in the Data Window See Data Window on page 9 58 The default value for this resource is 20 editor This resource allows you to define the editor that is invoked by the Source gt Edit menu item If the editor resource is not defined default then the name of the editor is taken from the environment variable EDITOR If there is no EDITOR vari able then vi is used The editor is invoked with the name of the current source file as the sole argument See Debug Source Menu on page 9 23 editorTalksX Setting this resource to True indicates that your editor can communicate with the X Window System directly The default value for this resource is False See the description of the Source gt Edit menu item for further information See Debug Source Menu on page 9 23 initialGlobalWindow If the value of this resource is True the Global Window is opened when NightView starts The default value for this resource is False initialPrincipalDebugWindow If the value of this resource is True the Principal Debug Window is opened when NightView starts The default value for this resource is False lockButtonSelectColor This resource controls the selected color of the debug source lock button See Debug Source Lock Button on page 9 35 The default value for this resource is
533. table 3 1 7 36 7 37 7 38 7 136 7 139 filter 9 8 initialization 6 2 6 3 7 119 Glossary 7 library 3 1 log 7 47 7 121 Nview D 1 D 8 Nview color D 1 D 8 Nview mono D 1 D 8 object 3 1 3 11 7 80 ReadyToDebug 1 3 2 3 3 8 4 4 5 4 source 3 1 4 8 4 10 5 1 5 7 5 10 5 11 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 17 5 19 5 20 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 30 7 61 7 62 7 63 7 119 7 129 7 137 7 140 9 23 9 24 9 37 symbol 7 36 7 38 trace event map 7 87 7 88 Glossary 5 File access 3 1 File menu 9 59 Data 9 59 File name printing 7 139 File Selection Dialog Box 9 8 9 25 Filter file 9 8 PID 9 20 Program 9 20 User 9 20 Filter button 9 8 9 9 9 20 finish 4 31 7 108 7 117 9 36 9 38 9 40 Finish button 9 40 fixedFontList resource D 3 Floating point expressions 3 21 fo forward search 7 65 Index Focus keyboard 9 2 9 5 9 10 Glossary 5 Glossary 8 Focus policy explicit 9 10 pointer 9 10 Font default D 2 D 3 D 7 Glossary 4 fontList resource D 7 Fonts D 3 D 7 forbid safety level 6 2 7 20 7 26 7 36 7 43 7 52 7 96 7 97 foreground resource D 4 D 8 Forking 3 2 3 3 4 7 4 14 5 8 5 13 7 35 9 36 Glossary 6 Formal argument macro 7 140 7 143 Fortran 1 5 3 9 3 24 3 26 3 35 4 1 4 3 4 15 4 17 4 18 4 19 4 20 4 21 4 23 4 25 4 27 4 30 5 1 5 3 5 10 5 13 5 17 5 18 5 20 5 21 5 24 5 25 5 32 7 47 7 70 7 71 7 86 7 100 7 142 Glossary 2 forward search 7 16 7 62 7 65 Frame displaying 7 128 stac
534. tains one or more threads of execution Some programs have a single thread Ada programs through the use of tasking have multiple parallel threads See Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 On Linux threaded programs are implemented with multiple processes that share resources including memory This manual refers to these processes as thread processes The collection of data produced by executing tracepoints in a process is called a trace See NightTrace An integer that identifies a NightTrace trace event User trace event IDs are in the range 0 through 4095 inclusive See event map file and trace event tag Glossary 11 NightView User s Guide trace event tag tracepoint A symbolic name that identifies a NightTrace trace event It is mapped to a numeric trace event ID in an event map file A tracepoint is a call to one of the ntrace 3X library routines for recording the time when execution reached the tracepoint You can insert a tracepoint in your source or you can use NightView to insert them after starting your process See Tracepoints on page 3 11 user created Debug Window value history watchpoint Glossary 12 In the graphical user interface a user created Debug Window initially contains processes that are defined by you This type of Debug Window can not be empty When the last process in the window exits this type of Debug Window is automatically closed by Night View See also Principal Debug
535. te eS a ds 7 123 info patchpoint A E T a cee teen teen ees 7 124 info monitorpoint 6 tte teenies 7 125 IO ALEM POM swale sehen AGA A 7 126 info watchpoint iesse eme cette eens 7 127 Info frame v4 gs e ra a a a a E aaea a A a alt ath a tl 7 128 info CITECtOMES in e E E E E E E EEE 7 129 info CONVENIENCE LA At A 7 129 info displasia SS 7 129 A A 7 130 O O a E aie Leake c 7 130 INfO TE PISCETS mpe A eee Pea het 7 130 info signal 2a ide hie b Aa Ue te ed Bee eS 7 131 A bate eh ae Shes 7 131 EOI eh ener el EE N ee A a PRE 7 132 Infordialo gues sce A Hee Se ad ae ak a AS 7 132 AA PP Ae ee ee ech eR 7 133 infomame shat Ad ot le Le Se a oe i ak 7 133 info on dialogue aii cae A Ets Re 7 134 TITO O PLOT o oo hein elton Stee Ge 7 134 info on restart e en te do Eo 7 134 is A a aet E a a a de e A p EA 7 135 info threads a a E bee Gale E E pe AS 7 135 Symbol Table Information n nenns eannan 7 136 ADA ee a ee dl he ee 7 136 intolocalse nta a tt e al teles Lo boto ad tl 7 136 info Vanables ci AAA Dae ne eg SE 7 136 A hs atin citar ta he Stated nec cet pect a mire Mt 7 137 INfO SOULCES 22 6c S a ee Re eS Ry 7 137 info FUNCTIONS eas e A da 7 137 ILO A DES A A a 7 138 T O WAS a ri ew has 7 138 info representations cres ea E AE e e EE EE RE A ES 7 138 AAA edd Bg bee bedi Ale o 7 139 A coh otis 28 eae og Cae Cece Pec nes gee eee 7 139 ILO NG hate vars a te eee Gah to an ha AN 7 139 Defining and Using Macros 00
536. te that you may use a family name in a qualifier before it is actually defined but you must define the family name before executing any command that needs to know what the family name refers to Examples local family faml 12 25 18 local family fam2 faml 99 local family faml faml 16 The first command gives the name fam to the processes identified by PIDs 12 18 and 25 The second command gives the name fam2 to the three processes in faml plus process 99 The third command extends the definition of fam to include process 16 thus faml is a synonym for four processes 12 16 18 and 25 Note that extending fam has no effect on fam2 which still consists of processes 12 18 25 and 99 Using the families defined in the previous examples the use of a minus sign on arguments can be illustrated by the following examples local family fam3 faml fam2 12 local family fam3 faml 12 fam2 The first command defines fam3 to be the processes 16 18 25 and 99 In contrast the second command defines fam3 to be the processes 12 16 18 25 and 99 In this case the argument 12 removed process 12 from the set accumulated from fam but the fam2 argument adds that process back in In general it is a good idea to put all the subtracted arguments at the end of the list Control whether children should be debugged set children all resume exec none all Debug all children If the optional keyword resume is specified
537. tem or while dragging the pointer through a range of selected items You can also use keyboard methods to select and deselect all items in a list with an extended selection policy You select all items by using Ctrl While in normal mode notice that the location cursor is a solid box you can deselect all list items except the item indicated with the location cursor by using Ctrl To deselect all items in the list you must change to add mode notice that the location cursor is a dashed box and use Ctrl The standard key binding for toggling between normal mode and add mode is Shift F8 For more information on list selection policies virtual keys and common key bindings see the OSF Motif Style Guide For information on using lists see the OSF Motif User s Guide Dialogues and Dialog Boxes Keyboard Focus 9 10 NightView has a concept called a dialogue which is a way of communicating with an ordinary command shell See Dialogues on page 3 4 Note that this kind of dialogue is spelled with a ue at the end The graphical user interface uses another term dialog box This is not related to the NightView concept of a dialogue Dialog box refers to a particular type of window that may appear during your session A dialog box usually appears only briefly and typically allows you to specify a particular item such as a file name These two concepts are distinct and unrelated even though they sound alike The GUI uses the
538. terns In its first form given only a pattern the on program command will remove any commands that were associated with the given pattern for each dialogue specified in the qualifier If no pattern is given then all previously defined on program commands are removed from each dialogue specified in the qualifier If your safety level is set to forbid you are not allowed to remove all on program commands If your safety level is set to verify NightView requests verification before removing all on program commands See set safety on page 7 52 In its second and third forms the on program command will associate a sequence of one or more user specified debugger commands with the given pattern for each dialogue specified by the qualifier Macro invocations are not expanded when reading the commands to associate with the pattern The default qualifier for all commands associated with the given pattern will be the process performing the exec The commands specified by on program are event triggered commands they have an implied safety level which may be different from the safety level that was set using set safety and may be terminated automatically if they resume execution of the exec ing process See Command Streams on page 3 31 If you wish to list all on program commands or see which on program commands would be executed for a particular program name you should use the info on program command Example local on pr
539. tes a message Al int sig ct_child 0 void child routine total sig int total sig extern void signal handler signal SIGUSR1 signal handler while sig ct child lt total sig pause printf Child got ordinal signal d n Cun onds n sig ct isec Sig ct_child Fortran Files main f 21 22 23 24 25 26 23 28 29 30 31 32 AANINDNONFPFWNHRFRFVWVWO WDAIHDAO PWN FP WWWWNHNNNNN NN DN NH WNPOO J 00m a0y NR O WHO Count how many signals have been received void signal _handler sig_num int sig_ num signal SIGUSR1 signal handler sig_ct child Cc This program spawns a child process and sends signals from the parent to the child Q program main common msg_comm total sig common usrl_comm sigusrl integer total_sig integer sigusrl integer pid integer ftfork integer ftsigusrl character 8 tracefile external parent _routine external child_routine sigusrl ftsigusrl tracefile msg file write 6 FMT A Tutorial Files X How many signals should the parent send the child read 5 total_sig pid ftfork if pid eq 0 then It s the child call child routine else It s the parent call parent_routine pid end if call exit end G 3 NightView User s Guide parent f 0 30004 0YNPOto0 J 00syun A N NNDNDN SS Y NRP O W child f 0 3 0104 YN DW WANA SFPWN A NNNNNNDN DNyN JO 0
540. that you choose another fixed width font for the font resources that have fixed in their names NightStar font resources include boldFontList Used for text that is emphasized to attract your attention fixedFontList Used for areas that depend on text alignment NightView areas that use this font include headings for lists lists and the display area in the Monitor Window infoFontList Used for areas that display informational messages warnings errors NightView does not currently use this font The default font is used for these areas smallFixedFontList Used for areas that depend on text alignment but require a smaller font NightView areas that use this font include message areas in the Dialogue Debug and Global Windows dialogue I O area and Debug source display area smallFontList Used for areas that require a smaller font NightView does not currently use this font The usr 1ib X11 app defaults Nview resource file specifies the font values for NightView D 3 NightView User s Guide NightStar Color Resources D 4 This section describes the special color resources available for NightStar tools In addition to these resources NightStar tools specify an overall default color that is used for most of the window areas See Color Selection on page D 7 NightStar tools use the same color scheme to indicate that they are part of the same tool set and to provide cues about the usage of different areas in the wind
541. the visibility of variable names and controls the significance of case upper versus lower in variable names The language also controls the formatting of output from the print command see print on page 7 70 especially the way the type of an expression is set qualifier set history set limits Command Line Interface indicated Specify the default list of processes or dialogues that will be affected by subsequent commands which accept qualifiers set qualifier qualifier spec qualifier spec Specifies a process or dialogue to be included in the default qualifier list see Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 Any family names in the qualifier spec are evaluated at the time of each command not at the time of set quali fier If no argument is specified the default qualifier is set to null meaning that a qualifier must be supplied to subsequent commands that require qualification Specify the number of items to be kept in the value history list set history count count The number of items to be kept in the value history The qualifier is ignored on this command The default history list size is 1000 If more history items than that are created the oldest ones are discarded No matter how many items are in the list each new history item gets the next highest number Specify limits on the number of array elements string characters or program addresses printed when examining program data set limits arra
542. the X mnemonic NightView responds with a warning dialog box The warning dialog box says Kill all processes being debugged Finally you click on the OK button to leave the debugger The fact program had not fully exited so NightView prompted asking if the program should be killed You responded by clicking OK and the sample session ended 2 7 NightView User s Guide 2 8 Concepts 3 Concepts This section describes concepts you will need to understand in order to use the debugger effectively Many of the concepts described in this section are also defined in the glossary The glossary is an alphabetical list of the concepts the description here is organized hierarchically Debugging The term debugger is actually a misnomer A debugger does not remove bugs from your program Instead it is a tool to help you monitor and examine your program so that you can find the bugs and remove them yourself A debugger primarily lets you do two things 1 start and stop the execution of your program and 2 examine and alter the contents of the program s memory There are many ways to do these things so there are lots of debugger commands Also some of the commands control the debugger itself NightView is a symbolic debugger That means that you can talk about your program using the same high level language constructs that you use when you write programs You can refer to variables expressions and procedures as th
543. the contents of read only memory 7 37 NightView User s Guide exec file including the machine instructions of the program If NightView is unable to locate the executable program then you will only be able to examine writable memory by absolute address You can specify the file or files NightView should use by specifying the exec file program name option or by using the exec file and symbol file commands see exec file on page 7 38 and symbol file on page 7 36 Note that unlike other debuggers NightView allows you to examine the core file of a process at the same time you are executing the program that produced the core file This allows you to try executing your program again to try to find the problem while still accessing information from the core file For instance you may find from the core file that a certain global variable has an incorrect value You could then run the program again stopping it at interesting points to check the value of that global variable By using an appropriate qualifier you can easily print out the values of variables in both the running program and the core file for easy comparison Specify the location of the executable file corresponding to a process exec file program name program name Specifies the file containing the executable program corresponding to the specified processes If program name is a relative pathname it is interpreted relative to Night View s current working di
544. the corresponding function name file name and line number The number of Pc addresses printed is sub ject to the limit on printing addresses see set limits on page 7 49 The verbose keyword may be abbreviated name An eventpoint name number An eventpoint number This command describes patchpoints in the processes indicated by the qualifier Normally all patchpoints are described but if an argument is given only those named are described Any eventpoints specified in the argument list which are not patchpoints are ignored Patchpoints are created using the patchpoint command See patchpoint on page 7 85 info monitorpoint Command Line Interface The information printed includes e The patchpoint ID e Current state of patchpoint enabled disabled temporary The patchpoint location If verbose was specified then the location will be printed in verbose format Otherwise it will be printed in the format in which it was specified when the patchpoint was created The number of times program execution has crossed the patchpoint since the program started execution even if the ignore count or condition was not satisfied this count is incremented The number of times the patchpoint has been hit since the program started execution this count is incremented only if the condition and ignore count are satisfied e Any conditions attached to patchpoint The current ignore count e The expression patc
545. the file selection dialog box See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 See List Selection Policies on page 9 9 Directory This area shows the name of the directory whose files and subdirectories appear in the lists This is a text input area You can change the directory name click on the Filter but ton and the file selection dialog box updates the Directories and Files lists File Filter By editing the Filter string and clicking on the Filter button you can change the files that are displayed in the Files lists This is a text input area See Text Input Areas on page 9 5 Directories List This list shows the subdirectory names that are located in the directory indicated by the Directory string To choose a directory from the list click on its name in the list and click on the Fil ter button Double clicking on a directory entry changes the Filter directory to that directory The list of subdirectories and the list of files are also changed Graphical User Interface Files List This list shows the file names that are located in the directory indicated by the Directory string To select a file from the list you can click on its name in the list and click on the OK button You can also double click on a file in the list to select that file File Selection This area shows the currently selected file name in the Files list or you can type in a file name This is a text input area See Text Input Ar
546. the graphical user interface help Causes NightView to print its command line syntax followed by a brief description of each option and then exit with code 0 ktalk Allows NightView to communicate with other tools via KoalaTalk See Using NightView with Other Tools on page 3 36 This is the default mode of operation Use noktalk to disable this mode This option is valid only in the graphical user interface nogui Prevents NightView from automatically invoking the graphical user interface See Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 noktalk Prevents NightView from being used as a debug server via KoalaTalk See Using NightView with Other Tools on page 3 36 This option is valid only in the graph ical user interface 6 1 NightView User s Guide 6 2 nolocal Prevents NightView from starting a dialogue on the local system See Dialogues on page 3 4 In the graphical user interface if nolocal is used NightView pops up a Remote Login Dialog Box see Remote Login Dialog Box on page 9 52 nolocal is implied on Intel Red Hat Linux Prevents NightView from reading commands from the default initialization file See Tnitialization Files on page 3 34 prompt string Sets NightView s initial prompt string to string See set prompt on page 7 50 safety safe mode Sets the initial safety level to safe mode which can be forbid verify or unsafe The default level is
547. the kill command the debugger will check your safety level see set safety on page 7 52 before permitting you to kill the desired processes If your safety level is forbid then you will not be permitted to kill the selected processes If your safety level is verify then you will be prompted for verification see Warning Dialog Box on page 9 15 If your safety level is unsafe then the processes are terminated with no questions asked Establish the file containing symbolic information for a program symbol file program name program name This must be the name of an executable file corresponding to the programs running in the specified processes It should contain symbolic debug informa tion for the program If program name is a relative pathname it is interpreted relative to Night View s current working directory program name is not subject to object filename translations See translate object file on page 7 24 A symbol file is an executable file from which NightView obtains information about symbols in a program being debugged Normally the symbol file is the same as the program s executable file but it may be different if for example you are debugging a stripped program see strip 1 In this case you need to specify an unstripped version of the program in the symbol file command if you want to access information symbolically The symbol file command is applied to each process in the qualifier You should make
548. the processes specified by the qualifier are either added to or removed from the monitor window display area This does not affect the monitorpoint itself it simply determines which monitorpoints are shown in the window See monitorpoint on page 7 90 on off These keywords turn the monitor window on or off You may wish to turn off the monitor window to reclaim screen space then turn it back on later Turn ing off the window also does a hold but turning the window on does not implicitly do a release 7 91 NightView User s Guide agentpoint 7 92 stale nostale The monitor window normally displays a stale data indication next to each value The nostale keyword causes the monitor window to display blank space rather than one of the stale data indicators The indicators may be turned back on with the stale keyword hold release The hold and release keywords are used to hold or release updates of the monitor window When the window is held the values displayed in the moni tor window will no longer change the processes containing the values are not affected they continue to run The release keyword allows the monitor window to start updating the values again Interrupting the debugger implicitly causes the Monitor Window to stop updating See Interrupting the Debugger on page 3 32 delay The monitor window normally waits one second 1000 milliseconds between updates A different number of milliseconds may b
549. ther blanks or tabs 7 13 NightView User s Guide 7 14 Each qualifier specifier can be any one of the following items family name A name given by you to a set of processes called a family See family on page 7 43 dialogue name The name of a dialogue in your NightView session This is usually the name of the system on which the dialogue is running but you may also specify a different name see login on page 7 21 In contexts where the qualifier is being used to specify a set of processes a dialogue name refers to all the processes being debugged in that dialogue PID The numeric value of the process ID of one of the processes being debugged by NightView You can use this form only if the process ID is unique among all the pro cesses being debugged This may not be true if you have multiple dialogues but it is always true if you have only one dialogue On Linux if your process is threaded the threads are implemented as multiple pro cesses sharing resources thread processes See Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 You may use the PID of any of those thread processes in a qualifier Night View considers them all to refer to the same process dialogue name PID This is how you specify a particular process when processes in different dialogues have the same process ID all This keyword designates all processes or dialogues known to NightView auto This keyword designates the one process that
550. ther programs seem more important You must have special privileges to specify a negative nice value cpu cpu list Set the CPU bias for the dialogue memory flags Control what sort of memory local or global will be used for the dialogue priority value Specify the priority of the remote dialogue processes The scheduling policy determines what values may be specified for the priority scheduling sched_keywords Control the scheduling policy that will be used for the dialogue The allowed keywords are sched_fifo fifo sched_rr rr sched_other and other quantum time Control the time slice quantum size for the process The cpu memory scheduling priority and quantum parameters all accept the same arguments as the corresponding options on the run 1 command see the man page for details Any programs started in the dialogue shell will inherit all the above parameters The run 1 command can control all these parameters and may be used within the dialogue shell to debug programs and change the parameters When you use the login command you are asked for a password See Remote Dialogues on page 3 6 for a general discussion of how to use remote dialogues Example afamily login fred To begin a remote debug session on fred enter th password for user wilma Password enter wilma s password afamily login user barney name fredII fred To begin a remote debug session on fred enter th de
551. thread 7 135 9 63 C 1 5 3 24 3 26 3 35 3 38 7 47 7 70 7 86 7 100 7 142 9 24 9 44 Glossary 2 Calling macros 7 143 Cancel button 2 3 5 33 9 9 9 15 9 16 9 20 9 21 9 44 9 45 9 49 9 58 9 67 9 72 Cautions 3 30 cc option g 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 3 cd 7 60 Change button 5 26 9 51 Changing a breakpoint 9 46 Changing a monitorpoint 9 46 Changing a patchpoint 9 46 Changing a tracepoint 9 46 Changing a watchpoint 9 46 Changing an agentpoint 9 46 Changing an eventpoint 9 46 Changing eventpoints 5 26 5 30 9 45 9 49 D 4 Character string 7 71 7 130 printing 7 49 Check All button 9 50 Index 3 NightView User s Guide Check button 9 12 9 28 9 50 Checkpoint 3 15 3 16 7 40 7 42 Glossary 2 Glossary 10 checkpoint 3 16 7 42 Child process 3 2 3 3 4 1 4 7 4 14 4 15 5 1 5 8 5 13 5 14 7 24 7 35 7 45 Glossary 2 clear 7 82 7 93 7 96 9 41 Clear All button 9 50 Clear button 9 41 Clearing agentpoints 7 93 Clearing breakpoints 7 93 Clearing eventpoints 7 93 9 41 Clearing monitorpoints 7 93 Clearing patchpoints 7 93 Clearing terminal 7 118 Clearing tracepoints 7 93 Clicking double 5 15 5 20 9 8 9 45 9 72 Clicking on objects 5 2 5 5 5 8 5 15 5 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 29 5 30 5 31 5 34 9 1 Close button 5 8 5 23 5 27 5 31 9 52 Color default D 4 D 7 D 8 Glossary 4 Color display 9 6 D 8 Color resources D 4 D 8 Combo boxes 9 5 9 19 9 42 9 76 Command abbreviations
552. tial prompt is Sq and the set prompt command changes it to expand to a list of PIDs afamily set prompt Dialogues d nProcesses p gt Dialogues machl mach2 Processes mach1 15 mach2 15 549 2047 2048 gt The above example prints two lines as a prompt the first containing a list of dialogues and the second containing a list of processes Set the string used to recognize end of dialogue input mode set terminator string string oy Define the string used to terminate dialogue input mode see 7 30 on page When the command is used to switch all input to a dialogue the terminator string is recognized to switch input back to the debugger The terminator string must appear on a line by itself to be recognized The default string is different from rlogin and cu Unlike normal debugger commands this string must be typed exactly as specified in the set terminator command The case of the letters must match and the full string must be typed Only one terminator string is defined The qualifier on this command is ignored Leading and trailing whitespace in the specified terminator string is ignored Macros are not expanded when reading the new terminator string If no terminator string is given then the current terminator string is printed otherwise the new terminator string is printed 7 51 NightView User s Guide set safety set restart 7 52 Control debugger response to dangerous commands set
553. tialization file appropriate to your normal login shell If the target system is running PowerMAX OS then the environment variable NIGHTVIEW_ ENV is set to the name of the local system that is the one you are logging in from during the shell initialization Your profile should avoid reading from the standard input if NIGHTVIEW_ENV has a non empty value 3 7 NightView User s Guide ReadyToDebug The program usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug is a special program used by NightView to synchronize with the dialogue shell release is the NightView release level You will probably see this program name echoed when a dialogue shell starts up When NightView sees this program run it knows that the shell is through with any initialization NightView then considers any new processes that run in the shell to be candidates for debugging This allows the initialization to take place without debugging the programs that might run during that time Finding Your Program When a program is started up from a dialogue NightView is notified that a new program is executing but there is currently no way for NightView to find out exactly what program is running NightView tries to guess the name of your program by looking at the arguments the current working directory and the PATH environment variable of the program Usually these correctly identify the program name but not always Then NightView can t tell what the program
554. tialization files to read see Initialization Files on page 3 34 unless the nx option was specified When those files have all been processed NightView reads commands from standard input until it encounters the end of the file or the quit command is executed see quit on page 7 20 6 3 NightView User s Guide 6 4 Command Line Interface 7 Command Line Interface This chapter describes how to interact with NightView through commands In some cases this may be your only means of directing the debugger s actions If you are using the graphical user interface see Chapter 9 Graphical User Interface on page 9 1 however commands are only one of several ways to control the debugger and your programs Command Syntax This section describes the general syntax and conventions of NightView commands Most commands have three parts A qualifier appears first in parentheses and is used to restrict the command to a certain set of processes or dialogues Next comes the keyword indicating which command is to be executed The command arguments follow as the third part In general you must separate syntactic items like keywords and argument values with white space unless they are separated by punctuation characters White space consists of one or more blank or tab characters These rules may be different within expressions where the rules of the programming language apply Some commands apply to individual processes other
555. tic variables while the process is executing but it cannot read or modify stack variables or registers unless the process is stopped See Operations While the Process Is Executing on page 3 19 On Linux the proc mechanism does not control the process but NightView uses it to read and write memory NightView uses the ptrace system service to control the pro cess on Linux Concepts Debug Agent Another mechanism NightView can use is called a debug agent A debug agent is a code subsystem that executes as part of your process and communicates with NightView through shared memory The debug agent contains a subroutine that when called performs an operation on behalf of NightView When NightView needs to perform an operation using the debug agent it sends a message to the agent and waits for the agent to reply The debug agent mechanism allows NightView to examine and control your program while it is running Because you control where in your program the debug agent is called it can be a less intrusive means of debugging your program However the debug agent by itself does not provide comprehensive control of your program you cannot get control when your program gets a signal for example The debug agent was originally created for operating systems that do not support proc The advantages of using the debug agent with proc are much smaller because proc gives you the ability to read and modify memory while the process is runn
556. ting for some reason Note that only one of the specified processes has to stop for the continue command to complete it does not wait for all of the processes to stop Note also that a process is considered to be stopped the moment it hits a breakpoint or watchpoint if the breakpoint or watchpoint has commands attached to it they probably will not execute before you receive a prompt for another command If a continue command in a breakpoint or watchpoint command stream continues execution of the process stopped at that breakpoint or watchpoint the command stream is terminated no further commands are executed from that stream If a continue command continues execution of a process that is currently executing another breakpoint or watchpoint command stream the continue command does not take effect until that command stream has completed execution See Command Streams on page 3 31 If a continue command continues execution of a process that is currently executing an on program or on restart command stream the continue command does not take effect until the affected process has been completely initialized by NightView and is ready to be debugged continue is similar to resume See resume on page 7 104 Example local c 5 The processes specified by the default qualifier are resumed and will not stop again at the current breakpoint or watchpoint until it has been hit 5 times 7 103 NightView User s Guide resume 7 10
557. tion or Ada unit in the debug source display See Debug Source Dis play on page 9 37 This dialog box is titled Select a Function Unit and displays the process s qual ifier specifier See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 It allows you to optionally enter a regular expression that is used to search for function names that NightView knows about An anchored match is not implied See Regular Expressions on page 7 15 For example enter set to search for function names ending with set A list of functions is displayed and one function can be selected for display in the debug source display For Ada and C the regular expression is only applied to the final component of a name The regular expression case sensitivity depends on the current search mode see set search on page 7 57 The Select a Function Unit dialog box is one variation of the debug source selection dialog box which is also used by the List Source File menu item See Debug Source Selection Dialog Box on page 9 44 List Source File Mnemonic S Selecting this menu item pops up a dialog box that allows you to list a source file in the debug source display See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 This dialog box is titled Select a Source File and displays the process s quali fier specifier See Qualifier Specifiers on page 7 13 It allows you to optionally enter a wildcard pattern which is used to search for source file na
558. tive help help on the current window help on the last error NightView encountered as well as several other categories of help NightView help information is displayed in a Help Window See Help Window on page 9 76 The Help menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window The Help menu is described in another section See Help Menu on page 9 3 A general discussion of NightView s online help is also available See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Debug Message Area 9 34 This area displays messages related to the processes represented by this window The displayed information includes process status messages error messages and output from commands that are processed by this Debug Window If the window is in single process mode NightView displays output from only the currently selected process plus messages from any commands that are executed in this window while that process is selected See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 If the window is in group process mode then NightView displays output from all the processes in the group plus messages from any commands that are executed in this window See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 This is a scrolling area You can use the scroll bar to look at older or newer messages You can change the height of this area by moving the sash up or down See Sashes on page 9 12 Graphical User Interface
559. tly by the dialogue shell always cause notification in the default notify mode When a process exits you will be notified by the process dialogue but see show on page 7 32 and set show on page 7 31 The output generated by any commands attached to a breakpoint or watchpoint or any automatic display expressions is also controlled by set notify If you set notify mode to silent for a process all debugger output associated with that process will be buffered up and saved until you ask to see it Any change to the notify mode of a process takes place immediately so changing the mode from silent to continuous may also result in large amounts of accumulated event notifications and other buffered output being generated The notify command see notify on page 7 34 can be used to explicitly request notification of any events that have been saved up this is the only way to find out about events that have happened in a process where the notify mode is silent If no arguments are given to the notify command then the current notify mode of each process in the qualifier is printed The default notify mode is all set notify continuous atprompt Ask about pending event notifications notify attach detach Command Line Interface If you have been suppressing event notification on certain processes see set notify on page 7 33 the notify command may be used to request any notifications that have not yet been
560. tly executing frame is the stack frame associated with the most recently called routine in a stopped process Contrast this with current frame In the graphical user interface a Data Window allows you to view data items in your pro cess See Data Window on page 9 58 A debugger is a tool to help you debug programs A debugger lets you control the execu tion of your program and look at your program s memory A debug agent is a module supplied with NightView that enables debugging while your process is running The debug agent communicates with NightView through shared mem ory See Debug Agent on page 3 19 Glossary 3 NightView User s Guide debug session Debug Window default color default font detaching dialogue Dialogue Window disassembly display item Glossary 4 A debug session is one invocation of NightView it lasts until you exit from the debugger See Chapter 6 Invoking NightView on page 6 1 See Quitting NightView on page 7 20 In the graphical user interface a Debug Window allows you to manipulate and debug one or more processes See also process See Debug Window on page 9 21 The default color is specified by the X11 background resource and applies only to the graphical user interface See Color Selection on page D 7 The default font is specified by the Motif fontList resource and applies only to the graphical user interface See Font Selection on page D 7
561. to examine some memory whose contents look like 7 114 Command Line Interface stack frames You should be very careful when using this form observing the following cautions e A stack frame cannot be interpreted except in the context of some program counter value Therefore you must be sure that the location spec you give or the value of cpc is consistent with the stack frame you are examin ing e The values of the machine registers are not altered by this form of the frame command This means that variables that reside in registers cannot be reliably examined The up down and backtrace commands are executed relative to the given frame address and program counter value However the register contents for calling frames may still be incorrect since only the registers saved in the stack can be restored by NightView e Modifying a register or a variable stored in a register may alter the cur rent value of a machine register or it may alter the value of that register stored on the stack You must be very careful when doing this e Unless you have modified Spc or other machine registers resuming exe cution of the process will resume with the state the process was in before the frame command was issued Once you have issued a frame command with a expression argument you can restore the previous view of the stack by issuing a frame command with a frame number argument This restores NightView s view of the stack to what i
562. to load custom designed debugging routines that can do things like verify complex data structures or search through linked lists The manual for the NightTrace tool describes a library that may be used to generate trace records by calling trace routines in your program If you didn t initially build a program with trace calls or you did but decided later additional trace calls were necessary the tracepoint command see tracepoint on page 7 88 may be used to patch in tracepoints The values traced may then be examined with the ntrace tool For more information on NightTrace see ntrace 1 Because the program runs at full speed through a tracepoint you can use tracepoints in real time applications where breakpoints are unacceptable One significant difference between a tracepoint and a monitorpoint is that values recorded by a tracepoint are all available for later analysis values will not be lost because of delays in displaying as they may with a monitorpoint Another difference is that tracepoints provide a reliable means of relating values of expressions at different points of execution to the times those values were evaluated Monitorpoints do not However monitorpoints have the advantage of displaying information as it is happening whereas tracepoint data may be analyzed only after execution is finished NightView allows you to control when the overhead of debugging occurs relative to your program s execution if you modify th
563. to refer to this process the default qualifier is already set to local so commands will automatically apply to the one process running there Next you will enter a bogus command Note that throughout this section the help text and display size may not exactly match your NightView session 1 3 NightView User s Guide local foo Error Unrecognizable command foo E command proc003 NightView responded to the bogus command with an error message and an error code E command_proc003 Now get NightView to tell you more about the error message local help E command proc003 Unrecognizable command string STRING is not a valid NightView command See Summary of Commands You typed help without any arguments to see more information about the error message NightView showed the extended error information In the command line and and simple screen interfaces online help is available only for error messages Consult a printed manual or view the online help with NightView s graphical user interface or with nhelp 1 If you are familiar with gdb the remainder of this chapter will be fairly boring because once you get the program started NightView and gdb look very much alike at least for all the commands demonstrated in this simple example Setting a Breakpoint 1 4 You will now use the list command to look at the source local 1 1 1 tinclude lt stdio h gt 2 3 static int factorial x
564. trol nodis play command See mcontrol on page 7 91 The stale data indicators used in the simple full screen Monitor Window are simple char acters used to indicate each state A space is used to indicate updated values A period is used for monitorpoints that have not been executed An exclamation point is used for monitorpoints which have executed but not taken a sample For more informa tion about stale data indicators see Monitor Window on page 3 29 A status line at the bottom of the simple full screen Monitor Window divides it from the remainder of the screen The status line indicates the state of the Monitor Window held or running and shows the current delay time in milliseconds between updates of the window Graphical User Interface 9 Graphical User Interface This chapter describes the graphical user interface GUI for NightView The GUI provides more flexibility and functionality than either the command line interface or the simple full screen interface The graphical user interface for NightView is based on OSF Motif NightView runs in the environment of the X Window System Version 11 Release 6 or later This chapter assumes that you have a basic understanding of window system concepts such as selecting objects by clicking with the mouse For more information see the OSF Motif User s Guide It is assumed that your X server has a three button mouse By default mouse button 1 is the left
565. ts the specification which gives the visible interface and the body which contains the details NightView knows what source file to display depending on the execution context For the Ada user what is displayed is the body If the unit specification is of interest the list command with the specification modifier on the unit name may be used The modifier may be abbreviated See list on page 7 61 An Ada unit name may be used to specify a location for those NightView commands that need a location specifier See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 For example locations are required for commands that manage eventpoints and the list command All Ada unit names recorded in the debug table may be listed with the info functions command With Ada programs declarations are elaborated in linear order The elaboration of a dec laration brings the item into existence then evaluates and assigns any initial value to it Elaboration occurs before any statements are executed If the program has just started you can step into the elaboration code of library level units with the step command See step on page 7 105 Exception Handling Ada exception handling provides a method to catch and handle program errors Each unit may have exception handlers Exceptions which occur in a unit without appropriate handling code are propagated to the invoking unit The unwinding process may be complex therefore NightView provides several mechanisms to
566. ttaching on page 3 3 and attach on page 7 35 Once you have control of your process you can use the agentpoint command to insert the call to the debug agent in your program An agentpoint is a type of eventpoint see Eventpoints on page 3 8 You can create multiple agentpoints in your process you might want to do this if you cannot find one single place that will be executed sufficiently frequently For a description of the operations you can do using the debug agent see Operations While the Process Is Executing on page 3 19 While your process is executing NightView uses the debug agent for reading and writing memory If the process stops either because you ask NightView to stop it or because of a breakpoint watchpoint or signal NightView automatically switches to using proc for all access to the process When you resume execution again NightView automatically switches back to using the debug agent Examining Your Program If you specify running processes in the qualifier of a command which requires stopped processes you get a warning message about each running process but the command executes normally on any of the stopped processes in the qualifier Expression Evaluation Because NightView is a symbolic debugger supporting multiple languages you are allowed to evaluate expressions written in different languages but this does not mean you have access to all the features of each language Specific languag
567. tted and your safety level is verify then you are prompted for confirmation before the eventpoints are removed see Replying to Debugger Questions on page 7 19 If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is forbid then no eventpoints are removed The effect of the qualifier on this command is to limit the eventpoints deleted to be only those that occur in the processes specified by the qualifier Examples local d loop local d 2 5 The first example removes all eventpoints associated with the name loop The second example removes eventpoints 2 and 5 Disable an eventpoint disable eventpoint spec eventpoint spec The eventpoints to be disabled See Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 The disable command disables the given eventpoints in each of the processes specified by the qualifier Disabling an eventpoint is not quite the same as removing an eventpoint When an eventpoint is removed it is made inoperative and all the information associated with the eventpoint is removed When an eventpoint is disabled it is simply made inoperative It may still be seen however if you use the info eventpoint command see info eventpoint on page 7 121 All information associated with the eventpoint is still retained so that the eventpoint may later be reactivated using the enable command see enable on page 7 97 If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is unsafe then all eventpoints in th
568. u See Help Menu on page 9 3 e Pressing the F1 function key displays help for the part of the window that has the current focus e Some of the windows have help buttons that pop up help for the particular window Graphical User Interface e You can use the help command from the command line interface See help on page 7 117 Help information is displayed in a Help Window NightView uses a separate program to display the Help Window Once a Help Window is displayed you can move around in the help system in a variety of ways You can keep the Help Window on your screen or dismiss it You can also iconify it and it redisplays itself the next time you ask for help See Help Window on page 9 76 Context Sensitive Help Help Menu Context sensitive help is available through the Help menu found in each major NightView window See Help Menu on page 9 3 In addition the lt Help gt key usually this is the F1 function key displays help information for the currently selected window component Generally help is not provided on individual graphical items such as individual buttons Instead you are given help for the region you have selected For example if you select help on the Detach button in the Dialogue Window the Help Window displays information about the process summary area See Process Summary on page 9 19 To get context sensitive help using the Help menu select the On Context menu item The po
569. ub program by the compiler Some compilers have a way of designating an interest level in the source 4 Ifthe subprogram has debug information but no explicit interest level the interest level is 0 5 Ifthe subprogram has line number information but no other debug infor mation the interest level is the value of the justlines interest level for that process 6 If the subprogram has no debug information at all the interest level is the value of the nodebug interest level for that process In some situations there may be no interesting subprograms on the stack In that case the most recently called subprogram is considered interesting You can make all subprograms interesting by setting the interest level threshold to the minimum value Monitor Window The Monitor Window shows the values of expressions being monitored by monitorpoints see Monitorpoints on page 3 10 When you set a monitorpoint see monitorpoint on page 7 90 the Monitor Window is created if it does not already exist and the expressions associated with that monitorpoint are automatically displayed in the Monitor Window The values in the window are updated approximately once a second to show the values computed the last time each monitorpoint was executed The mcontrol command see mcontrol on page 7 91 controls the monitorpoint display You can remove monitorpoint items from the display window and add them back in later You can change the
570. ug source display Then click on the Breakpoint debug command button The return was on line 7 so you clicked on that line then clicked on the Breakpoint debug command button to set a breakpoint on that line The source line decoration beside line 7 is now a B for breakpoint See breakpoint on page 7 84 and Source Line Decorations on page 7 67 NightView responds with local 2347 Breakpoint 1 set at fact c 7 2 5 NightView User s Guide Finishing up 2 6 GUI Now you want to run the program until it reaches the breakpoint Click on the Resume button See Debug Command Buttons on page 9 39 Clicking on Resume told the program to start running It ran until it hit the breakpoint that you had set on line 7 The source line decoration beside line 7 is now a B NightView responds with local 2347 at Breakpoint 1 0x100026fc in factorial int x 1 at fact c line 7 Note that your process ID and addresses will differ Now look at the call stack Click in the debug command area and issue the following command bt You used the bt backtrace command to display the call stack See backtrace on page 7 69 You saw all the following expected recursive calls in the debug message area See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 Note that the output may scroll in the debug message area O 0x100026fc in factorial int x 1 at fact c line 7 1 0x1000271c in factorial int x 2 at f
571. uld not be in this directory 5 3 NightView User s Guide Starting NightView GUI You are ready to start up NightView with the graphical user interface Exercise Read how to invoke the graphical user interface of NightView You can find this infor mation in the manual on the man page or by invoking nview with the help option Start up the graphical user interface of NightView Solution In the index Starting the debugger Invoking the debugger and nview invoking have this information See Chapter 6 Invoking NightView on page 6 1 You should enter nview Note that in this tutorial msg does not appear on the nview invocation line NightView responds by displaying a Dialogue Window A Dialogue Window is used to control a NightView dialogue and for input and output with the dialogue shell A dialogue contains a shell where you run shell commands and debug running programs Each dialogue has a name the default dialogue is Local The dialogue qualifier area shows the command qualifier for this dialogue Local For information about dialogues see Dialogues on page 3 4 For information about Dialogue Windows see Dialogue Window on page 9 16 For information about command qualifiers see Qualifiers on page 3 4 The dialogue I O area displays usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug usr lib NightView release ReadyToDebug NightView runs the ReadyToDebug program automatically as part of initial
572. umber of bytes to watch If you have not selected Watch address and size then this area is not enabled When changing an existing watchpoint this field cannot be changed Eventpoint Number display only Graphical User Interface This labeled field is dimmed if Night View has not yet assigned a unique num ber to the eventpoint See Eventpoints on page 3 8 When changing an existing eventpoint NightView displays the eventpoint number Enable Options When setting a new eventpoint you can choose from several enable options By default the eventpoint is created enabled This is similar to using the enable or disable commands See enable on page 7 97 See disable on page 7 96 When changing an existing eventpoint NightView displays the eventpoint s enabled state You can select a different enable option by clicking on one of the choices These options are dimmed if Night View cannot determine this state Enable This is the default choice when setting a new eventpoint The event point is enabled Enable disable after next hit You can have the eventpoint be disabled automatically after the next hit For breakpoints this is similar to using the tbreak command or the enable once command See tbreak on page 7 98 For patchpoints this is similar to using the tpatch command or the enable once command See tpatch on page 7 99 For other eventpoint types this is similar to using the enable onc
573. up Menu See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Use the spin box to enter how many levels of sub items you want expanded See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Label Columns This dialog box pops up when you click on Format and Resize Label in the Data Item Popup Menu See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Use the spin box to enter the width of the label for this data item See Spin Boxes on page 9 6 The box labeled Sample shows how a label of the selected size looks Check buttons allow you to make the same change to all sibling data items all data items with the same parent as this one or to make the same change to all children all sub items or both See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 Click on OK to complete the operation Data Window Move Expression 9 70 This dialog box pops up when you click on Move and To other Data Window in the Data Item Popup Menu for an expression See Data Item Popup Menu on page 9 63 Graphical User Interface Change any information about the expression and press OK to move the expression data item to another window The controls are the same as for the Data Window Add Expression dialog box See Data Window Add Expression on page 9 67 Data Window Move Local Variables This dialog box pops up when you click on Move and To other Data Window in the Data Item Popup Menu for a local variables item See
574. up area list and clicking on the Switch To button See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 Initially the process that occurs first in the group area list is the currently displayed process in the source display area See Debug Source Display on page 9 37 When the Debug Window is in single process mode some of the command buttons may be disabled to indicate that their use is not appropriate at this time For example when the selected process is stopped the Stop button is disabled Any messages generated by commands are displayed in the debug message area See Debug Message Area on page 9 34 You can determine when the Debug Window is in single process mode by looking at the debug qualifier area See Debug Qualifier Area on page 9 41 When the window is in single process mode you see the Qualifier label and the process s qualifier displayed here Otherwise you see the phrase Group Mode See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 The View menu contains radio buttons that also indicate which of the two modes is currently set and allows you to change your view of the window between single and group process mode See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 See Toggle Buttons on page 9 12 There are keyboard accelerators associated with these menu items which allow you to switch between modes without displaying the menu See Keys on page 9 11 Group Process Mode 9 14 If you want to issue commands that apply to
575. up process mode Solution From the debug menu bar you should select Group Process Mode from the View menu The debug qualifier area displays Group Mode NightView displays this mes sage in the debug message area Changed to group process mode NightView displays in the debug message area Process local 13504 received SIGUSRI1 Process local 13504 received SIGUSRI1 Process local 13504 received SIGUSRI1 Process local 13504 received SIGUSRI1 Process local 13504 received SIGUSRI1 The lines that mention signal SIGUSR1 appear because the handle command is implicitly set to print and explicitly set to nostop These messages were saved while the Debug Window was in single process mode with another process as the currently displayed pro cess now that the Debug Window is in group process mode messages from all processes are displayed including any saved messages Exercise Examine all eventpoints Solution You should click on the Eventpoint menu Select Summarize Change NightView displays the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box 5 31 NightView User s Guide For the C program NightView displays in the eventpoint list EvptID Type Enabled Process Address 2 B Enabled local 15625 at main c 25 3 B Enabled local 15625 at main c 30 7 B Enabled local 15625 at parent c 16 8 B Disabled local 15625 at parent c 16 9 P Enabled local 15625 at parent c 16 4 B Enabled local 13504 at main c 18 5 B Enabled local 135
576. use you have not yet selected an eventpoint from the eventpoint list Select breakpoint 8 from the eventpoint list which will enable the buttons and click on the Change button NightView displays the breakpoint dialog box Note that 5 is in the ignore count text input area from Attaching an Ignore Count to a Breakpoint GUI on page 5 25 Do not press Return after you enter the following text In the commands text input area you should enter one of print total_sig p total_sig Exercise In the breakpoint dialog box save your changes and make the dialog box go away Solution In the breakpoint dialog box you should click on the OK button NightView closes the breakpoint dialog box Tutorial GUI Exercise Make the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box go away Solution In the debug eventpoint summarize change dialog box you should click on the Close button NightView closes the window Automatically Printing Variables GUI You can create a list of one or more expressions to be displayed each time execution stops Exercise Read about the Data Display debug command button Use it to display the value of the sig_ct variable Solution In the debug source display of the Debug Window start at one side of any instance of the sig ct variable hold down mouse button 1 drag it across the entire variable name and release Alternatively you could double click on the variable name where it
577. ventpoint summary dialog box is dismissed only if you choose the Close but ton Change Click on Change to see additional information about an eventpoint and to change eventpoint characteristics An eventpoint dialog box is displayed for each eventpoint you selected in the list See Debug Eventpoint Dialog Boxes on page 9 45 Enable Click on Enable to enable the selected eventpoints This is similar to using the enable command See enable on page 7 97 Disable Click on Disable to disable the selected eventpoints This is similar to using the disable command See disable on page 7 96 Delete Click on Delete to delete selected eventpoints Depending on your safety level Night View may display a warning dialog box to make sure you want to delete the eventpoints See set safety on page 7 52 Once deleted you cannot refer to these eventpoints again This is simi lar to using the delete command See delete on page 7 95 If you think you may want to turn off an eventpoint temporarily then use it again later you should disable the eventpoint and enable it when you are ready to use it 9 51 NightView User s Guide Close Clicking on Close cancels any action and closes this dialog box This button is never disabled dimmed Help You can get help for this dialog box by clicking on Help This button is never disabled dimmed Warnings or errors associated with using this dialog box or c
578. verify This controls the debugger s response to dangerous commands See set safety on page 7 52 simplescreen Directs NightView to use a simple full screen interface This option implies nogui See Chapter 8 Simple Full Screen Interface on page 8 1 version Causes NightView to display its current version and then exit with code 0 Xoption Any standard X Toolkit command line option see X 1 These options are allowed only when using the graphical user interface x command file Directs NightView to read commands from command file before reading commands from the default initialization file or from standard input You may supply more than one x option if you like the files are read in the order of their appearance on the command line xeditor Use this option if the program specified by editor communicates with X directly see X 1 For example if nedit 1 is specified by the editor option you should specify xeditor However if vi 1 is specified as the editor you should not use this option because vi must run from within an xterm 1 This option is valid only in the graphical user interface program name If no corefile name argument is specified then NightView will prompt you for argu ments to supply to program name and start debugging that program If you inad vertently specified the program name argument you will have the opportunity to cancel its effect when you are prompted for arguments I
579. which may be different from the safety level that was set using set safety If you wish to list all on dialogue commands or see which on dialogue commands would be executed for a particular dialogue name you should use the info on dialogue command Example local on dialogue ben nodebug usr bin After issuing the above command if we now create a new dialogue named ben_hur then we will automatically set it up so that programs residing in the directory named usr bin are not debugged by NightView Now suppose we do the following local on dialogue jerry do gt nodebug usr remote gt nodebug usr local gt end on dialogue At this point if we create another dialogue named ben n jerry then this newly created dialogue will automatically be set up so that programs residing in the directories usr remote and usr local are not debugged by NightView Note that even though the name ben n jerry also matches the regular expression ben this dialogue will try to debug programs that reside in the directory usr bin This is because on dialogue regular expressions are matched in reverse chronological order most recent first and only the first match found is used local info on dialogue ben_n jerry on dialogue jerry do nodebug usr remote nodebug usr local end on dialogue If we were to now issue the command local on dialogue jerry Then this would remove jerry and its associated commands from the de
580. who want to start using the graphical user interface GUI version of the debugger before reading the whole manual You may also be interested in the command line version of this chapter in Chapter 1 A Quick Start on page 1 1 There is a more thorough tutorial in Chapter 5 Tutorial GUI on page 5 1 In this manual the words click drag press and select always refer to mouse button 1 This entire manual is available through the online help system built into the debugger If you get any errors the error message tells which section of the manual can help you determine what went wrong At any time you can ask the debugger to display any section of the manual by clicking on the Help menu or using the H mnemonic See Help Menu on page 9 3 Click on the Table of Contents menu item or use the n mnemonic NightView puts up a Help Window that displays the table of contents for the manual See Help Window on page 9 76 You can read this manual section by clicking on A Quick Start GUI The rest of this chapter goes through a sample debug session on a small program Feel free to dive right into the debugger If you get into trouble use the Help menu to get out of it Sample Program GUI This section lists the program used as an example through the remainder of the chapter The program does not have any bugs in it it will be used to show how to run a program set breakpoints look at variables etc You can copy this file from usr li
581. window manipu lation and updating e reading source and object files including reading and interpreting debug information in your program e evaluation of expressions in commands such as print and x except that retrieving data from a debugged process such as variable values is per formed on the remote system The activities performed on the remote system are limited to storing and retrieving data to and from a debugged process controlling execution of a debugged process and supplying target dependent information to the local system portion of NightView Additionally NightView sometimes runs the C compiler on the target system to generate code for eventpoints See Eventpoints on page 3 8 You may wish to control how the target system allocates resources to NightView p and the dialogue shell both to prevent them from interfering with your application and to ensure that they get sufficient resources to give adequate response in NightView You can control the allocation of CPU and memory resources as well as the scheduling policy and priority through either the Login command or the remote login dialog See login on page 7 21 See Remote Login Dialog Box on page 9 52 Note that the parameters you specify for the remote dialogue will be inherited by processes you execute within that dialogue shell You may wish to use the run 1 shell command when you run your application in the dialogue shell There are some things you
582. with conditional expression Examples local breakpoint name loop at foo c 12 local condition loop index 0 local condition loop The first condition command attaches a condition to the breakpoint named loop so that it only stops the program when the variable index is zero The second condition command removes any condition associated with the breakpoint named loop thus making it an unconditional breakpoint local trace MyEvent name tracel at foo c 12 local condition tracel x gt 12 In this example a tracepoint named tracel is set and the condition x gt 12 is attached to the tracepoint Therefore the event will be traced only when x is greater than 12 Delete an eventpoint 7 95 NightView User s Guide disable 7 96 delete eventpoint spec Abbreviation d eventpoint spec The eventpoints to be deleted See Eventpoint Specifiers on page 7 15 delete removes the specified eventpoints in each of the processes specified by the qualifier Both delete and clear may be used to delete eventpoints see clear on page 7 93 The difference is that delete removes eventpoints specified by name or by eventpoint number and clear removes eventpoints specified by location If eventpoint spec is omitted and your safety level is unsafe then all eventpoints in the processes specified by the qualifier are removed see set safety on page 7 52 If eventpoint spec is omi
583. with decorations providing information about that line Every source line gets a line number which is relative to the beginning of that file Each instruction displayed is preceded by the line number of the 6699 source line that generated it see x on page 7 72 Following the line number may be one or more of the decorations shown in the following table Table 7 7 Source Line Decorations gt A Indicates that one or more agentpoints possibly disabled are set somewhere within this source line When displaying instructions this indicates that one or more agent points are set on this instruction see agentpoint on page 7 92 Indicates that one or more breakpoints possibly disabled are set somewhere within this source line When displaying instructions this indicates that one or more break points are set on this instruction see breakpoint on page 7 84 Indicates that one or more monitorpoints possibly disabled are set somewhere within this source line When displaying instructions this indicates that one or more monitorpoints are set on this instruction see monitorpoint on page 7 90 Indicates that one or more patchpoints possibly disabled have been inserted some where within this source line see patchpoint on page 7 85 When displaying instructions this indicates the instruction where the patchpoint was inserted and the patched expressions are displayed elsewhere Indicates that on
584. within a dialogue shell This means you can debug a program that is a member of a pipe or is invoked by some other program and you can run the program in the debugger using the exact same invocation you would normally use outside the Dialogue I O Concepts debugger For instance if your programs run under the control of the Frequency Based Scheduler you could invoke rtutil or NightSim from your dialogue The environment variable NIGHTVIEW_ENV is set to 1 within a dialogue shell This allows you to alter the behavior of programs and scripts running in the dialogue shell For example you may wish to avoid running some programs in a shell initialization file when the shell is a dialogue shell Once the shell is started you can change directory set environment variables or set ulimit 2 parameters just like a normal shell Any processes you start in the dialogue will automatically be debugged except for programs in the standard directories such as bin You may alter this default behavior using the debug and nodebug commands See debug on page 7 23 and nodebug on page 7 24 When you start a program in a dialogue shell the debugger prints a message describing the new process that just started in the dialogue The information printed includes the program name the arguments it received on startup and the process identifier PID This new process is stopped immediately prior to executing any code At this point you
585. wn NightView com mands You communicate with NightView with one of three user interfaces The command line interface is useful when no advanced terminal capabilities are present A simple full screen interface is available for ASCII terminals The graphical user interface provides the most functionality NightView is supported on PowerPC systems running PowerMAX OS iHawk systems running RedHawk Linux OS and Intel IA 32 systems running Red Hat Linux See the Hardware Prerequisites section of the NightView Release Notes associated with your particular version for a list of supported systems A NightView user interface running on PowerMAX OS can be used to debug either locally or on a target system running PowerMAX OS Similarly a NightView user interface running on RedHawk Linux OS can be used to debug either locally or on a target system running either PowerMAX OS or RedHawk Linux OS A NightView user interface running on Red Hat Linux cannot be used to debug locally but can be used to debug on a target system running either PowerMAX OS or RedHawk Linux OS This document is the user manual for the NightView debugger It is intended for anyone using NightView regardless of their previous level of experience with debuggers This manual describes how to use NightView by way of tutorial and reference guide There is also material for system administrators NightView Reference Manual Structure of Manual Syntax Notation T
586. word is not applicable to Ada exceptions In most cases a signal sent to a debugged program will cause that program to be stopped and NightView to be notified of the signal NightView s normal action for most signals is to notify you of the signal and save it to be passed to the process the next time it is continued For example the default setting for SIGQUIT would be described as local handle sigquit stop print pass This default behavior can be altered by the handle command Some settings allow the system to avoid stopping your process and notifying NightView of the signal See Signals on page 3 14 for more information about this The default action for a few signals is different than the behavior described above Consider SIGALRM which is not usually an error it is used in the normal functioning of the program You usually don t want to know when your program gets a SIGALRM but your program does so the default setting for SIGALRM is local handle sigalrm nostop noprint pass This says that if NightView discovers that your process has been sent a SIGALRM it will automatically resume execution and pass the signal to the process without notifying you NightView may not even be aware of the signal with these settings of the handle command See Signals on page 3 14 SIGINT is handled a little differently when the process receives a SIGINT the process stops and NightView notifies you but the signal is discarded so tha
587. ws User Created Debug Windows You can create other Debug Windows and define which processes initially appear in each window See Debug Group Selection Dialog Box on page 9 43 In contrast to the Principal Debug Window a Debug Window that you create is never empty NightView automatically closes the window when the last process in the window exits You can tell NightView to automatically display each process in its own Debug Window by setting the oneWindowPerProcess resource to True the default is False See Appendix D GUI Customization on page D 1 When this resource is True 9 13 NightView User s Guide e NightView displays a separate Debug Window for each process Any Debug Windows created this way are considered to be user created Debug Windows e NightView sets the window s title to the process s qualifier e The Principal Debug Window is not automatically displayed You might also want to consider setting the displayGroupToggle Button set resource to False See Debug View Menu on page 9 28 Single Process Mode By default the Debug Window is in single process mode This means that any commands that you issue apply only to the currently displayed process This includes commands that are typed into the command area or commands that are issued using graphical methods If there is more than one process in the window you can change the currently displayed process by selecting a process from the debug gro
588. ws share common behavior traits the behavior of the Principal Debug Window varies slightly from Debug Windows that you create Common Debug Window Behavior NightView allows you to control one or more processes in one or more Debug Win dows You can choose to manipulate one process at a time or to manipulate all the processes in the window as a group To accomplish this the Debug Window allows you to switch between single and group process modes See Single Process Mode on page 9 14 See Group Process Mode on page 9 14 If the window is in single process mode commands and actions apply to the cur rently displayed process If the window is in group process mode commands and actions apply to each of the processes in the group area list See Debug Group Area on page 9 42 New processes always appear in the same windows as their parent If a process exits it is removed from the group list of all Debug Windows where it appeared You can choose to close a Debug Window at any time during the NightView session Closing a Debug Window has no effect on the processes that are represented in that window Principal Debug Window The Principal Debug Window can be empty This window remains available throughout the NightView session it is not automat ically closed If you choose to close it the Principal Debug Window can be re opened by using the NightView menu found in the Data Debug Dialogue Moni tor and Global Windo
589. xecution of that procedure or until the process stops for some other reason See Multithreaded Programs on page 3 35 In general the exact action of this command is dependent on the language being debugged The finish command causes execution to leave a called procedure so the output includes the equivalent of a frame 0 command to show this stop jump Command Line Interface This command completes only when all of the processes specified by the qualifier have completed the function execution or stopped for some other reason like receiving a signal The discussion in Signals on page 3 14 concerning interactions between single stepping and signals also applies to the finish command If an exception propagates past the current frame then the finish completes and execu tion is stopped at the beginning of the exception handler Stop a process stop The stop command stops each of the processes specified by the qualifier In many cases such as setting breakpoints NightView requires a process to be stopped before a command may be applied to the process The stop command does not complete until all of the specified processes have been stopped If a specified process is already stopped this command silently ignores that process WARNING It is possible though unlikely that the process will stop of its own accord say by hitting a breakpoint while NightView is trying to stop it If that happens your process may r
590. xp info whatis expression Abbreviation whatis info representation expression Abbreviation representation info declaration regexp Abbreviation ptype info files info line at location spec Defining and Using Macros define macro name arg name define macro name info macros regexp C 10 arg name arg namel text arg namel as GUI Customization D GUI Customization This appendix contains information that you need if you want to customize the graphical user interface NightView s behavior may be modified by specifying resources Resources can be specified in many ways A complete discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this text For more information on setting X11 client resources refer to the X Window System User s Guide or to the X man page X 1 NightView s default resources are specified in the file usr lib X11 app defaults Nview Default color resources are specified in the file usr lib X11 app defaults Nview color default monochrome resources are specified in the file usr 1ib X11 app defaults Nview mono See Color Selection on page D 7 You can look in these files for examples of ways to customize NightView s appearance and behavior One way to specify resources is to copy the default resource files to your home directory and change your versions of NightView s resource files That is the method used in this appendix Application Resources In ad
591. xpression Syntax 00 ccc ccc etc ettten ees 7 4 Predefined Convenience Variables 2 00 c eee eee ee eee 7 6 Intel IA 32 Registers 2 2 ect eet neee 7 7 PowerPG Registers ceviche Cha ee es 7 10 Location Specifierss A an RS ie BEN 7 12 Qualifier Specifiers 4 5 2022 0 A ee EEE 7 13 Eventpoint Specifiers 0 0 ect tte n ene 7 15 Regular Expressions ii E ee en eg Ce ea 7 15 Wildcard Patterns 1 0 3028 3 tab Nas apts be Reg sine a ee Daeg ah eee 7 17 Repeating Commands enne ccc E E OE EE eens 7 18 Replying to Debugger Questions 1 0 0 0 cece eee ees 7 19 Controlling the Debugger 0oooooooooocrrrrrrr teenies 7 19 Quitting Night View ci ia a Bee ee ea 7 20 QUITS thie ett tk eA tad o ee a 7 20 Managing Dialogues 2 0 c cece eee t eens 7 21 VO Qi sat creole A bi 7 21 Ce DUG e a o did GP detest sated hens 7 23 MOCEDUG A he ee ee ee A ee Sen 7 24 translate object file 0 ccc tte eens 7 24 lO SOUt Aci a eee pl ie ieee eae Le hee 7 26 ON didlOSUe Joc eace A ai in nae 7 27 apply on dialogue 00 eect cette ene neee 7 29 Dialogue Input and Output 2 0 0 0 teens 7 30 A A Wa peels Mme 7 30 SEL SHOW See Sa tir AN da ahaa LONE batt Rae ETA 7 31 SNOWS edhe bbe ew ease REY LOR da e oe 7 32 Managing Processes o ooooooorrrrr ence teen teen eae 7 33 Contents TUM ch head A ee we dt See ee 7 33 Set nOtify s lt ash A e le ad 7 33 A ee a ee 7 34 ALA
592. xpression is double precision however then the bit repre sentation is printed as a double precision floating point number O Print the bit representation of the value in octal S Print the data as a character string Arrays of characters will print as one character string terminated with a zero byte if the language is C or C scalar types will print using their default format plus the bytes of the value will be printed as a string You might want to use this in For tran if you put Hollerith data in INTEGER variables See note below about limits on the length of printed strings u Print the bit representation of the value in unsigned decimal x Print the bit representation of the value in hexadecimal 7 70 set Command Line Interface expression A language expression see Expression Evaluation on page 3 21 print displays the value of a language expression in each process specified by the qualifier When the expression is an aggregate item such as an array record or union each component value of the expression is printed along with the appropriate subscript record field name etc The space between print and may be omitted If no print format letter is given expression is printed in a format corresponding to the data type of the expression in the currently defined language The printed value is given a value history number see Value History on page 3 33 indicated in the output by followed by the
593. xt sensitive help help on the current window help on the last error NightView encountered as well as several other categories of help NightView User s Guide NightView help information is displayed in a Help Window See Help Window on page 9 76 The Help menu appears in the Data Debug Dialogue Monitor and Global windows and has the same menu items in each window The Help menu is described in another section See Help Menu on page 9 3 A general discussion of NightView s online help is also available See GUI Online Help on page 9 2 Dialogue Identification Area This area shows the name of the particular dialogue that this window is associated with There is also a label showing the name of the system the dialogue is running on Dialogue Message Area This area displays messages related to this dialogue The displayed information includes process exit messages error messages and output from commands that are processed by this Dialogue Window This is a scrolling area You can use the scroll bar to look at older or newer messages You can change the height of this area by moving the sash up or down See Sashes on page 9 12 Dialogue I O Area This area allows you to interact with the dialogue shell and with your programs See Dialogues on page 3 4 You can run your program here just as you would normally run it providing any arguments that it needs Shell and program output is displayed her
594. y be specified in any order NightView creates some regions in your process and uses these regions to store text and data There is usually one data region one text region one or more eventpoint regions and if there are any monitorpoints in the process one shared memory region for the monitorpoints These regions are called patch areas See Appendix E Implementation Overview on page E 1 7 53 NightView User s Guide interest 7 54 You can adjust the sizes of the patch areas with this command For example if you have a lot of conditional eventpoints then you may need to make the size of the eventpoint and text regions larger so that NightView has room to allocate all the code necessary for those eventpoints Similarly if you have a lot of monitorpoints then you may need to make the size of the monitorpoint shared memory region larger On the other hand if system memory resources are scarce then you may need to make some of these regions smaller The patch area size values are associated with each dialogue and apply to all processes within the dialogue This command sets the values for each dialogue specified in the qualifier Note that these values only apply to patch areas created in the future Existing regions are not changed Therefore if you want to debug a program and use a large text or data area you need to specify that before you run your program i e before the process calls exec For fork the child process
595. y commands that would allocate space in the process Setting Modes set log set language Command Line Interface Log session to file set log keyword filename keyword The keyword parameter must be one of the following all Log entire session commands as well as the output generated by com mands commands Log just commands typed close Close a log file filename Name of the log file This command starts logging the debugger session to a file If the file already exists the log information is appended to it You may log just the commands by using the commands keyword or the entire session all keyword to a file if the named file is already an open log file specifying a different keyword simply changes the mode of the log You may open multiple log files although more than one of each type of log would be rather redundant The close keyword is used to close the log associated with the file See info log on page 7 121 The qualifier does not have any effect on this command Any logs are global to the debug session Note that this command logs everything that happens during the debug session essentially everything you see on your terminal The set show command may be used to log output from a single dialogue see set show on page 7 31 Establish a default language context for variables and expressions set language ada auto c c fortran NightView User s Guide ada Indicates th
596. y 12 Tracepoint 3 8 3 11 3 18 3 23 3 38 7 35 7 67 7 68 7 82 7 87 Glossary 5 Glossary 12 changing 9 46 clearing 7 93 condition on 3 16 7 95 7 122 7 124 9 47 deleting 7 95 9 49 9 51 disabling 7 96 9 47 9 51 displaying 7 121 7 123 enabling 7 97 9 47 9 51 hitting 7 124 9 47 ignoring 3 16 7 89 7 98 7 122 7 124 9 47 Glossary 7 named 3 16 7 83 7 88 9 48 saving 3 16 setting 7 80 7 89 9 46 state 7 124 9 47 temporary 9 47 tracepoint 3 11 3 38 7 88 7 123 Tracepoint crossing count Glossary 3 Tracepoint Dialog Box 9 27 9 45 Tracing 3 6 3 11 3 38 translate object file 3 7 7 24 7 37 Translating type definitions 9 8 Translations object filename 7 24 7 36 7 38 7 80 7 133 Tuning system A 1 Tutorial command line 4 1 5 1 Type definition printing 7 138 7 139 Type definitions translating 9 8 Type resolution 9 8 U u key 9 38 UID 3 37 ulimit 3 5 Undefined symbols 7 80 undisplay 7 78 7 79 Uninteresting subprograms 3 17 3 26 3 28 4 14 5 13 7 7 7 55 7 105 7 107 unsafe safety level 3 31 6 2 7 19 7 26 7 35 7 36 7 52 7 96 7 97 up 3 27 4 19 7 5 7 115 7 117 9 38 9 41 Up button 5 19 Index 24 Up button 9 41 Update button 9 50 Update List button 9 50 useNightStarColors resource D 2 useNightStarFonts resource D 2 User 7 133 User ID 3 37 User interface command line 1 5 1 1 3 29 4 1 4 3 5 1 5 4 7 2 7 90 7 94 7 112 7 118 7 141 8 1 9 1 9
597. y number string number addresses number array number The array keyword parameter specifies the maximum number of array ele ments to be printed If you want unlimited output specify zero as the limit string number The string keyword parameter specifies the maximum number of charac ters of a string to be printed If you want unlimited output specify zero as the limit 7 49 NightView User s Guide set prompt addresses number The addresses keyword parameter specifies the maximum number of addresses to be printed for a particular location See Location Specifiers on page 7 12 If you want unlimited output specify zero as the limit The array string and addresses keywords may be specified in any order The qualifier is ignored on this command The limits set by set limits apply to all output of variables or expressions or program locations If a printed value is truncated because of these limits the value will be followed by ellipses Note that the limitation on array elements applies to each dimension of a multi dimensional array If you printa 50 x 20 two dimensional array and you have the array limit set to 5 then you will see the first 5 elements of the each of the first 5 rows or columns for Fortran The default limits are 100 array elements 100 characters and 10 addresses To find out what the current limits are use the info limits command See info limits on page 7 130 Set the string u
598. y running process but you can use it in qualifiers and you can also include it in process families using the family command See family on page 7 43 The qualifier for the core file command is used only to determine with which dialogue the pseudo process should be associated Among other things this determines the type of machine that created the core file The core file must have been created on the system the dialogue is running on Thus the qualifier should specify exactly one dialogue otherwise NightView issues an error message and refuses to honor the command If you specify the exec file program name option it is equivalent to executing an exec file command see exec file on page 7 38 on the pseudo process created by the core file command This is seldom required since NightView attempts to determine the location of the executable program from information saved in the core file see Finding Your Program on page 3 8 If NightView is unable to correctly determine the executable program you will need to specify the exec file program name option or use the exec file command to specify the name of the executable program When debugging a core file NightView uses the executable program file for two purposes NightView uses this file to obtain symbolic information about variables and procedures in your program just as it does when debugging normal processes For core files NightView also must use this file to obtain
599. y subsequent patchpoints or other kinds of eventpoints such as breakpoints and tracepoints at that same location will not be executed If a goto patchpoint is not hit because it was disabled or the ignore count or condition caused it to be skipped then the branch will not be taken and subsequent patchpoints will be executed as well as the original patched instruction Example local patchpoint file c 12 eval i 0 This C example patches the code to initialize the variable i to zero immediately prior to executing line 12 in the file ile c Note that no semicolon appears in this example Establish tracing parameters set trace eventmap event map file eventmap event map file Names the file that contains the mapping between symbolic trace event tags and numeric trace event IDs This should be the same as the event map file passed to ntrace 1 The set trace command is used to specify information that may be required before any tracepoints may be set in a process see tracepoint on page 7 88 7 87 NightView User s Guide tracepoint 7 88 If you want to use symbolic trace event tags rather than numeric trace event IDs as the event id parameter of the tracepoint command then you must specify an event map file You may specify multiple event map files by repeating the eventmap parameter As long as the files do not contain conflicting definitions for tags all the tags will be defined for use as trace event identifiers
600. yset act sa_mask address act sa_flags 0 child_signal handler sig ct_child 0 stuff posix 1003 1 sigaction posix 1003 1 SIGUSRI while child signal handler sig_ct child lt total_sig loop stuff posix 1003 1 sigsuspend act sa_mask address text_io put_line Child got ordinal signal amp integer image child_signal_handler sig ct_child end loop end child routine NightView User s Guide G 8 45 This section describes how to report bugs in NightView Reporting Bugs H Reporting Bugs It is important to report problems otherwise we might never know about them You can report a problem by calling the Concurrent Software Support Center For more information see the section Direct Software Support in the release notes for the current release It is also important to report a problem in a way that helps us understand and reproduce the problem Here is a list of things you should tell us in a problem report What version of NightView are you using You can get this by running nview v or by activating On Version in the Help menu in the GUI What type of machine are you running on and what is the version of the operating system Use the command uname a to get this information Are you using the GUI the simple screen interface or the command line interface Sometimes this is not obvious from the description of the prob lem Try to be very explicit about what you see happen whe

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