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Apple Comp ter Apple Cluster Controller and Appleline

1. 3704 modem modem 10 57 Figure Glossary and Abbreviations Access Generally the obtaining of data from a storage device or peripheral Access Method The technique and or program code for moving data between main storage and 1 0 devices Existing access methods include basic access method basic direct access method basic indexed sequential access method basic partitioned access method basic sequential access method basic telecommunications access method queued indexed sequential access method queued sequential access method queued telecommunications access method telecommunications access method Access Time The time interval between when data is called for or requested to be stored in a storage device and when delivery or storage is completed Acknowledge Character ACK A transmission control character transmitted by a station as an affirmative response to the station with which a connection has been set up An acknowledge character may also be used as an accuracy control character Acronym A word formed from the first letter or letters of the words in a phrase or name Acoustic Coupler A type of low speed modem frequently used with portable terminals It sends and receives data using a conventional telephone handset and does not require a permanent connection to the line Address A coded representation of the destination of data o
2. Access 3270 or Access In addition to the above items the following equipment is needed when hooking up Appleline away from your Apple 1 Set of full duplex asynchronous modems Apples modems work perfectly Installation steps for an Appleline near an Apple computer 1 Connect coaxial cable to Appleline connector labeled controller 2 Connect the other end of the coaxial cable to the 3274 76 configured for a 3278 2 terminal with a typewriter keyboard 3 Connect wall mounting transformer to port labeled 24V and to power source in wall when Appleline is on it consumes 50 watts of power as much as an electric clock 4 Turn on Apple computer and create a document from the appropriate terminal software 5 Configure terminal software The following figures demonstrate the way set up must look using Lisaterminal and Macterminal Figure 6 is Lisaterminal and Figure 7 and 8 are Macterminal Reference the appropriate terminal manuals if necessary 20 Appleline away from Apple computer If an Appleline and an Apple computer must be more than 5 meters away from each other in order for the Appleline to reach the IBM Control Unit they can not be connected with ordinary cable They must communicate by means of telephone lines and a pair of asynchronous modems like the Apple Modems In this case attach one Apple Modem to the serial connector on the back of Appleline and a second Apple Modem to the serial connect
3. IBM 3274 Cluster Controller 6 000 Can accomodate up to 32 terminals Typically contains 7 terminals 1 printer Cost per port 750 IBM 3278 2 Terminal 2 300 IBM 3287 Printer Model 1 80 cps 4 830 Model 2 120 cps 5 150 Obtained from IBM product center Prices do not include service or maintenance charges Lease charges vary by specific contracts 25 Comparative Pricing of Personal Computer Systems with 3278 Terminal Emulation Capability Remote Configuration IBM 3178 IBM PC 3270 Macintosh Terminal 1650 2505 5285 2495 3278 Emulator 240 1295 PC Attachment 2400 Comm Software 700 700 99 Modems amp Cables Total 54750 3950 5285 4384 26 The Following are the current prices for Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller Appleline 51 295 Apple Cluster Controller 3 port 7 port 4 900 Total System Prices Appleline MAC Mac 2 495 Macterminal 100 Appleline 1 295 1 295 TOTAL 3 890 52 900 966 port 700 port APPLE Apple e Super Serial Card Access Appleline TOTAL Total System Prices for Apple Cluster Controller Per port price using price of 7 port ACC MAC Mac 2 495 Macterminal 100 ACC 700 TOTAL 3 295 APPLE Apple e Super Serial Card ACC TOTAL IBM 3278 2 terminal is currently priced at 2 382 IBM 3274 controller is currently priced at 5 587 price per port 699 LISA 1 295 Lisa 2 10
4. Protocol A set of procedures for establishing and con trolling transmissions Examples include BSC and SDLC Protocol Conversion The process of translating the protocol native to an end user device e g a terminal into a different protocol e g ASCII to BSC allowing that end user device to communicate with another device e g a computer with which it would otherwise by incompatible Protocol conversion can be performed by a ded icated device a protocol converter by a software package loaded onto an existing system such as a general purpose computer front end processor or PBX system or by a value added network such as Telenet Pulse Modulation The modulation of the characteristics of a series of pulses in one of several ways to represent the information bearing signal Typical methods involve modifying the ampli tude PAM width or duration PDM or posi tion PPM The most common pulse modultation technique in telephone work is pulse code mod ulation PCM In PCM the information signals are sampled at regular intervals and a series of pulses in coded form are transmitted represent ing the amplitude of the information signal at that time Public Data Network PDN A networking service which fulfills all com munication needs between the host computer and other processors and terminals 66 Physical Unit PU Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM 16 level encoded Amplitude Modulatio
5. Apple Computer Apple Cluster Controller and Appleline Sales Reference Guide Acknowledgements The following people at Apple Computer were principal contributors to this guide Jim Armstrong Ferhan Cook Dennis Demos Barney Dewey Bruce Friesen Arnie Lapinig Jane Silverstein and Dave Susarret Some of the information contained in this guide is from communications hardware and software manufacturers liturature and industry trade publications and therefore subject to updating This Guide is informational in content and products mentioned do not constitute endorsement by Apple Computer Inc Apple Computer cannot be responsible for changes in information given here regarding pricing rates availability or suitability of products for any purpose If you find incorrect information in this guide please let us know and we will attempt to include them in future updates Notice of copyrights trademarks service marks and registrations Apple Apple II e Access Access Access 3270 Lisa Lisa Terminal Macintosh and MacTerminal are registered trademarks of Apple Computer Inc IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation This guide was prepared on an Apple with E Z Pieces and a Macintosh with Mac Write and typeset with an Apple Lisa and a CompuGraphic MCS 8400 phototypesetter and a new printing product Selling and Reference Guide for Table of Contents Synchronous Communication
6. Management Information System 15 1 Management performed with the aid of auto matic data processing 2 An information system designed to aid in the performance management functions Mark The signal communications channel state corresponding to a binary one The marking condition exists when current flows current loop channel or when the voltage is more negative than 3 volts EIA RS 232 C channel Metallic circuit A physical wire between two points as opposed to microwave or fiber optics Modem Eliminator A device for connecting two DTE interfaces physically and logically without requiring intervening modems Multidrop or Multipoint A single line which can have one or more terminals connected Communication is done on a time shared basis Multiplex Combines signals of multiple channels into one channel Modem A device to convert computer signals into a form that is suitable for transmission over telephone lines Modulation The application of information onto a carrier signal by varying one or more of the signal s basic characteristics frequency amplitude or phase the conversion of a signal from its original e g digital format to analog format Multiple Virtual Storage MVS An alternate name for 05 52 release 2 Negative Acknowledge Character NAK A transmission control character that indicates a block of data was received incorrectly 65 Network A computer communica
7. 140 Lisaterminal 75 Office System 1 295 2 795 TOTAL 1 395 140 700 2 235 27 5 495 295 295 Appleline 7 380 LISA Lisa 2 10 Lisaterminal Office System ACC TOTAL 5 495 295 295 700 6 785 Chapter 5 HOW DEMONSTRATE THE PRODUCTS The following is a guide to assist you in demonstrating the Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller Preparation and set up procedures are covered to assure your success Appleline will be covered first followed by the Apple Cluster Controller Appleline Pre demo preparation at customer site There are various ways to demo Applelines to your customer The most effective way 15 to tie the Appleline into the customers existing mainframe environment so that he she can be assured that the two work together It has a great effect on the customer see his IBM mainframe screens appear on the Apple computer The other way is to subscribe to a timeshare service and tie into it There is a section to follow on tieing into a timeshare service At this point we will assume you are hooking up to the customers mainframe There are two things you must ensure before you decide on an Appleline demo they are 1 There is a 3274 76 IBM cluster controller with type A adapters 2 The IBM controller has a port generated for 3278 model 2 terminal with typewriter keyboard If the answer is no to this question then you must work with the systems programer in charge of co
8. 66K 1680 Month Lease PC FOCUS Intelligent Technologies 151 University Ave Palo Alto CA 94301 415 328 2411 155 0 10505 Sorrento Valley Road Diego 92121 619 452 0170 Tellegraf Lotus Development 161 First Street Cambridge MA O2141 617 492 7171 800 345 5414 1 2 3 on IBM XT PCjr 2270 PC and PC Compatibles Symphony Plus on Macintosh Symphony on 3270 PC Symphony on IBM PC XT PCjr Management Science America MSA Inc 3445 Peachtree Road Atlanta GA 30326 404 239 2000 PeachLink Executive Peachpak II DIF Interface with Lotus 1 2 3 Multiplan Visicalc Mathmatica A Martin Marietta Data Systems Company P 0 Box 2392 Princeton 08540 609 799 2600 RAMIS II 40 80 Time Sharing ADP AVCO Boeing Computer Services Informatics Litton Mellonics Martin Marietta National CSS Time Sharing Resources RamLink for IBM PC and XT DIF for Visicalc and Lotus 125 McCormack amp Dodge 560 Hillside Avenue Needham Heights MA 02194 617 449 4012 PC Link Mesa Graphics Box 506 Los Almos NM 87544 Tekalike Microcom 1400A Providence Highway Norwood MA 02062 Microsoft Inc 10700 Northrup Way Bellevue WA 98004 Microstuf Inc 1845 The Exchange Atlanta GA 30339 Crosstalk Micro Tempus Inc 4 Farnham Place Bonaventure PO Box 1339 Montreal Quebec H5A 514 861 3335 NCA Corporation 388 Oakmead Parkway Sunnyvale CA 94086 408
9. Parity A constant state or equal value Parity checking is one of the oldest error checking techniques Character bit patterns are forced into parity total number of one bit odd or even by appropriately adding a one or zero bit as appropriate as they are transmitted the parity odd or even is then verified upon receipt by the receiving device Parity Bit A check bit appended to an array of binary digits to make the sum of all the binary digits including the check bit always off or always even Phase Shift Keying PSK A method of modulation that uses the differences in phase angle to indicate a certain bit or dibit A reference oscillator determines the phase angle change of the incoming signal which in turn determines which bit or dibit is being transmitted Point to Point Pertaining or referring to a communications line where exactly two stations are connected Contrast with multipoint Polling A procedure which asks a terminal on a network if there is any information to transmit usually done on a multipoint line Private Automatic Branch Exchange PABX An automatic switchboard for handling large concentrations of telephones extensions Synonymous with PBX Professional Office System PROFS A IBM VM based product that supports the func tions of calendar management electronic mail project scheduling and the execution of a variety of analysis tools Its focus is the manager or the professional
10. Renex Corporation 6901 Old Keene Mill Road Springfield VA 22150 703 451 2200 Protocol Converters Rolm 4900 Old Ironsides Drive M S 626 Santa Clara CA 95050 800 538 8154 408 986 3025 PBX s with built in 3270 emulation Rixon inc 2120 Industrial Parkway Silver Spring Maryland 20904 301 622 2121 Synchronous Modems Sperry Univac Township Line amp Jolly Rd P O Box 500 Blue Bell PA 19424 Mainframes Communications Equipment Teletype Corporation 5555 Touhy Ave Dept 3223 E Skokie IL 60077 800 323 1229 3270 Terminals Thomas Engineering 1040 Oak Grove Road Concord CA 94518 Protocol Converters Tymnet Inc Division of MacDonald Douglas 2710 Orchard Parkway San Jose CA 95134 Value Added Network Telenet Division of GTE Network Systems amp International Services 8229 Boone Boulevard Vienna VA 22180 703 442 1000 Value Added Network Uninet Inc 10951 Lakeview Ave Lenexa KS 62219 800 642 9606 Value Added Network Universal Data Systems A Motorola Information Systems company 5000 Bradford Drive Huntsville AL 35805 Synchronous modems Viking Associates 2726 S Moline Court Aurora CO 80014 303 632 7004 Protocol Converters Wang Laboratories Inc One Industrial Avenue Lowell MA 01851 Minicomputers Terminals 3270 emulation Winterhalter Inc 3853 Research Park Drive P O Box 2180 Ann Arbor MI 48106 800 321 7785 313 662 2002 in Michigan Protocol Conve
11. San Jose CA 95154 408 946 4900 InfoTym PC United Software Industries ASCII Express Professional 1880 Century Park East Suite 311 Los Angeles CA 90067 619 562 9111 215 556 2211 Viking 2726 S Moline Ct Aurora CO 80014 303 337 2608 VisiCorp 2895 Zanker Road San Jose 95134 408 946 9000 VisiAnswer VisiLink Visiterm VM Personal Computing 60 E 42nd Street New York NY 10165 212 697 4747 New York N Y Please Relay Chapter 7 COMPETITIVE PRODUCT LISTING The following is a list of manufacturers of competitive hardware for connecting personal computers to mini and mainframe computers AT amp T Information Systems P O Box 13970 Orlando FL 32859 800 247 1212 Personal Computers with 3270 capability AT amp T Communications 800 821 2121 Value Added Network 3270 emulation in the phone lines Avatar 3R Computers 18 Lyman Street Westboro MA 01581 617 366 5300 PA 1000 PA 1500 Protocol Converters AST Research Inc Irvine CA 714 540 1333 Protocol Converters for IBM PC Base 2 PTY LTD P O Box 56126 Pinegowrie 2123 South Africa Telex 4 22183 S A Protocol Conversion Software Black Box Corp Pittsburgh PA Protocol Converters Boeing Computer Services Data Network Services Value Added Networks Burroughs Corporation Burroughs Place Detroit MI 48232 313 972 7000 3270 Terminals Braegen Corp 3340 East La Palma Ave Anaheim CA 92086 3270 E
12. Texas Instruments 911 Visual 50 100 200 400 450 550 Zenith Heath Z 19 H 19 13 3278 3278 3278 Local 3274 cluster ontroller APPLELINE m 55252 252555555 KEAN tit fidda LAS LA PLELELEPEPEPPEEEP ELLE EEE PEEL LEE 272772444 22220244 L ELE EEE PPPLELELL LEE LL Z7Z272722 POEPEPEPLELE ELE L LEE PPPELPEELLLEEL EL ELE PPPELPELELEEL EEE LE PIPEEPLELLPEPELLL ELS PEPELPPLELEPLE LL LESS 308 SYNC MODEM 303X MMA 2 PEP EPELELLEL EL LL ESE AM ELLE LE ELL ELE PPLE CALLE EP Ae LE 2Z22222 22226247 C NN BIG PICTURE USING APPLES AS TERMINALS gt RR 552650505 525552590525 APPLELINE APPLELINE 625252500551 TEEN 2 59555 pum ee ett
13. 1 the number twenty three is represented by 0010 0011 compare its representation 10111 in the pure binary numeration system Binary Synchronous Communications A half duplex character oriented data commu nications protocol originated by IBM in 1964 It included control characters and procedures for controlling the establishment of a valid connection and the transfer of data Also called bisync and BSC Although still enjoying widespread usage it is being replaced by IBM s more efficient protocol SDLC Bell Operating Companies BOC s The 7 Regional Operating Companies created since divistiture of AT amp T Bypass The act of going around the local central telephone company office with customer premises equipment Carrier A signal of known characteristics for example frequency that is altered modulated to transmit information Knowing the expected signal the receiving terminal interprets any change in signal as information Changes to the signal made by outside influences noise can cause the receiving terminal to misinterpret the information transmitted Centrex A type of private branch exchange service where incoming calls may be dialed direct to extensions without operator assistance Out going and intercom calls are dialed by extension users Channel 1 In data communications a one way path along which signals can be sent between two or more points Contrast with circuit 2 In tele commun
14. 1982 Data Communications Concepts Fourth Edition June 1982 GC21 5169 3 IBM Corporation Information Development Department 245 Rochester MN 55901 Fundamentals of Data Communications Jerry FitzGerald amp Tom S Eason John Wiley amp Sons 1978 IBM System 38 Data Communications Programmer s Guide 5 21 7825 Corporation Introduction to the 3270 Information Display System Manual GA27 2739 IBM Corporation Micros and Modems Telecommunicating with Personal Computers Jack M Nilles Reston Publishing 1983 The Network Revolution Confessions of a Computer Scientist Jacques Vallee And Or Press Inc 1982 RS 232 Made Easy Martin Sayer Prentice Hall Inc 1984 Systems Network Architecture General Information Manual GA27 3102 IBM Corporation Systems Network Architecture Reference Summary GA27 3136 IBM Corporation The RS 232 Solution Joe Campbell Sybex Computer Books 1984 Telecommunications and the Computer James Martin Prentice Hall Inc 1969 73 oppic computer 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino California 95014 408 996 1010 TLX 171 576 7 84 5M
15. 352 lines 3725 3736 3740 3776 3777 3790 3800 3830 3851 3880 3865 3864 3865 3872 4321 4331 4341 4381 4701 4962 4963 4964 4969 497 497 4987 5110 5120 5150 5160 5203 5210 5211 5213 5224 5225 5234 5235 5251 5251 5252 71 Communications Controller Daisy Wheel Printer 8 Diskette Format Batch Cluster Controller workstation Batch Terminal Programmable Terminal Printer Model 1 and 3 Storage Control Unit Models 2 and 3 Mass Storage Facility Storage Control Unit Model 1 2400 1200 bps modem Model 1 4800 1200 bps modem Model 1 and 2 9600 4800 bps modem Model 1 2400 1200 bps modem Minicomputer Pre configured entry level 4300 processor with 1 processor storage Display Printer Adapter which permits attachment of 3278 Model 2 or 3279 Model 2C plus up to 15 additional A type devices such as 3262 line 1 and 2C or 3289 line printers Model 4 Mid size minicomputer processor with 1 4 processor storage One standard byte multiplexor channel One standard block multiplexor channel which can support up to 128 devices Console printer adapter for up to 15 A type printers displays High performance and high function System 370 compatible 4300 processor with 2 16 processor storage 2 block multiplexor channels Console printer adapter 4 16 Megabytes 12 1 0 channels air cooling Finance Controller Disk Storage Unit Disk Subsystem Diskette unit Magnetic Ta
16. Inc VisiCorp 992 South Saratoga Sunnyvale Rd San Jose CA 95129 Comshare Inc 3001 South State Street Ann Arbor MI 48104 313 994 4800 Distributed W is a personal computer version of Comshare s mainframe W Software Context Management Systems 23864 Hawthorne Blvd Suite 101 Torrence CA 90505 Context MBA integrated software with built in communications capability Cullinet Software 400 Blue Hill Drive Westwood MA 02090 2198 617 329 7700 IDMS IDMS R Relational database IDMS DC On Line Query 45 Digital Equipment Corporation 146 Main Street Maynard MA 01754 617 897 5111 RSTS E 6 12 VAX VMS Diversified Data Resources 25 Mitchell Boulevard Suite 7 San Rafael CA 94903 415 499 8870 Acom Asvnchronous Communication up to 9600 bps CRC error checking IBM PC file transfer AcomHFT 3 000 240 Acom 120 D amp B Computing Services 187 Danburv Rd Wilton CT 06897 203 762 2511 NOMAD 2 135K Elcom Svstems Peripherals 439 Harrison St Suite A Corona CA 91720 714 734 8220 EPS Consultants l Industrial Drive Windham NH 603 898 1800 FCS EPS modeling software Ergonomic Software Inc 305 East 86th Street New Vork 10028 212 427 2373 Execucom Svstems Corp 3410 Far West Boulevard Austin TX 78766 800 531 5038 512 346 4980 Interactive Financial Planning System IFPS Goal Seeking Monte Carlo risk Consolidation Sensitivity and Impact Ana
17. a network in relation to one another See ring and star Touch Tone An AT amp T trademark for tone signaling equipment which is superseding rotary dial equipment Use of tones simplifies the switching system design and greatly expands the potential for adding features to telephone systems It also speeds up the dialing operation for a person making call Two wire channel A circuit containing a single wire pair or logical equivalent for non simultaneous i e half duplex two way transmission Teletypewriter Exchange Service TWX A switched teletypewriter service in which suitably arranged teletypewriter stations are provided with lines to a central office for access to other such stations throughout the U S and Canada Value Added Network VAN A common carrier service which has been upgraded by a communication service Virtual Storage VS The national storage space that may be regarded as addressable main storage by the user of a computer system in which virtual addresses are mapped into real addresses The size of virtual storage is limited by the addressing scheme of the computing system and by the amount of auxiliary storage available and not by the actual number of main storage locations Virtual Storage Access Method VSAM An access method for direct or sequential processing of fixed and variable length records on direct access devices The records in a VSAM data set or file can be organized in lo
18. access to a computer but can not itself be programmed Duplex 1 ISO In data communication pertaining to a simultaneous two way independent transmission in both directions Synonymous with full duplex 2 Contrast with half duplex Electronics Industries Association A standards organization specializing in electrical and functional characteristics of interface equipment Electronic Switching System ESS A type of telephone switching system which uses a special purpose stored program digital computer to direct and control the switching operation ESS permits the provision of custom calling services such as speed dialing call transfer three way calling etc Emulation The use of programming techniques and special machine features to permit a computing system to execute programs written for another system This form of imitation is primarily done via software Emulation is generally used to minimize the impact of conversion from one computer system to another and is used to continue the use of production programs as opposed to simulation which is used to study the operational characteristics of another possibly theoretical system Error Detection and Correction A system employing an error detecting code and so arranged that a signal detected as being in error automatically initiates a request for retransmission Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code EBCDIC A coded character set consis
19. an introduction to the 3270 communications environment then we will tell who the customers are that will be buying these products and for what reasons and then we will explain how Apple products meet these needs The 3 Worlds of Communications Everyone Else T Analog Voice Circuits Digital X 25 IBM EBCDIC Svnchronous SNA SDLC Everyone Else ASCII Asynchronous Figure 1 Growth of the Micro to Mainframe Matrketplace Millions 3000 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Total Installed Base 7 97 billion at a 43 average growth rate Micro to Mainframe Communications Products Hardware and Software sales for the next 5 years Source International Resource Development Inc Figure 2 Local Front End 3274 Processor cluster controller 3705 3725 HOST CPU 370 303X 308X Database SYNC MODEM SYNC MODEM 3274 76 IBM Cluster Controller 3278 3279 3178 3179 System 3X SYNC MODEM 3274 76 IBM CLUSTER CONTROLLER 3270 PC 3289 3180 The IBM Picture Figure 3 Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION DATA COMMUNICATIONS A Brief Introduction To The IBM 3270 World In order to express the significant benefits offered by Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller to the potential corporate customer it is necessary to understand the nature of that customer s environment This brief introduction to that environment is intended to provide that understanding For those who desir
20. just coax which may be up to 5 000 feet long The attached peripheral devices are most often terminals or printers but various other input output devices such as card readers and bar code readers are also supported A number of different models of IBM printers are used with 3274 and 3276 cluster controllers The 3287 3288 and 3289 are fairly common models The 3270 series CRT terminals called terminal workstations in the IBM world are available in both monochrome model 3278 and color model 3279 versions Screen size options are available for both models These options are columns x rows mod 1 80x12 or 40x24 mod 2 80x24 mod 3 80x32 mod 4 80x43 and mod 5 132 27 The mod 1 mod 4 and mod 5 options are only available for the 3278 3278 and 3279 are each also available in either full graphics or character only versions This is indicated with a suffix as follows B or G suffix full graphics or no suffix character only As an example the most common terminal workstation the 3278 mod 2 or mod 2A is a monochrome 80x24 character only terminal This is often represented simply as a model 3278 2 or 3278 2A The color equivalent of this which is fairly common is the 3279 2 or 3279 2A The less common 3279 2G or 3279 2B is a color 80x24 full graphics terminal The 3278 and 3279 terminal workstations are dumb terminals that is they have no stand alone computing capabilities Replacing them with an i
21. or pertaining to a signaling tech nique in which a transmission is conveyed by modulating varying the frequency amplitude or phase of a carrier An analog signal is typified by a continuous wavelike pattern Analog signaling is generic to the public switched telephone network as well as to certain other audio frequency and radio frequency facilities A digital baseband signal generated by a business machine must be converted to analog form in order to transmit that signal over an analog facility e g a voice grade telephone line Applicaton Layer In SNA the functional layer of each individual session in which the end user s application program is executed Asynchronous Occuring without a regular or predictable time relationship to a specified event e g the transmission of characters one at a time as they are keyed Contrast with synchronous Asynchronous Transmission Digital data transmission format in which start and stop bits identify the beginning and ending of each character Also called start stop bits Auto Answer A modem capability that allows automatic pick up when the phone rings Auto Dial The ability to automatically make a connection with another modem Automatic Send Receive A teleprinter terminal with paper tape or magnetic tape devices or editable internal memory Refers to any keyboard terminal with off line storage capabilities that permits a message to be generated off line for late
22. supported by an IBM Communications Controller sometimes called front end processor or simply front end It is typically a model 3705 though a newer version called the 3725 is starting to appear Like a local terminal controller a Communications Controller is channel attached directly into the host Remote terminal controllers communicate with the 3705 or 3725 via modems and communications lines such as standard dial up phone lines or dedicated transmission lines A single 3705 or 3725 can be configured to support up to 32 remote terminal controllers in this way Local controllers in a 3270 network are typically model 3274 s Remote controllers are typically either 3274 s or 3276 s You should note that a local 3274 and a remote 3274 are slightly different models and are not interchangeable Either one however be configured to support up to 32 peripheral devices 1 terminals and printers On the other hand 3276 can only support up to eight peripheral devices The Apple Cluster Controller emulates an IBM 3274 76 to the IBM host but can have either 3 or 7 ports 3276 does have CRT terminal built into it while a 3274 does not Each terminal controller also called a cluster controller acts as a communications hub for the peripheral devices clustered in its vicinity Each peripheral device is connected to the cluster controller with a coaxial cable similar to that used in cable television connections and often called
23. systems using a DEC VT 100 asynchronous ASCH protocol instead of the 3278 high speed coaxial protocol In simple terms the ACC acts like an IBM 3271 3274 3276 cluster controller to the IBM mainframe On the terminal side the ACC connects to almost any asynchronous serial terminal device The Apple personal computers communicate to the Bee with VT 100 type protocol The ACC is an 8 bit Z 80A based microcomputer configured with 16KB of ROM and 32KB of RAM Each unit is equipped with its own internal power supply Apple Cluster Controller Feature Benefit Summary Feature Enables Apple Computers to emulate an IBM 3278 2 terminal and 3287 1 printer attached to a 3271 3274 or 3276 cluster controller either locally or remotely attached with either BSC or SDLC protocols Benefit Allows users access to mainframe database information Feature Has diagnostic testing built in for power up and line monitoring Benefit User is assured equipment is functioning properly when it is turned on and while it 15 operating Feature Xon Xoff flow control for printer operation Benefit Printer functions at maximum speed without loosing characters Feature Communication speed up to 9600 bps Benefit Fast communication between mainframe computers and Apple personal computers 17 Chapter 4 QUALIFYING THE PROSPECT Selling Appleline and the Apple Cluster Controllers Wherever IBM mainframes Apple personal computers and 3270 periph
24. to corporate information stored in mainframe data bases began to grow It was led by managers and professionals who found that re entering data from printed spreadsheets wasted time and effort when the same data was already stored in digital form on the corporate mainframe During the past two years the demand for access to mainframes through micros has reached a crescendo In making an attempt to replace DEC and IBM terminals with microcomputers it is important to understand the different types of users and what their needs are Following is a brief profile of the various terminal users and how we best answer their needs The 4 Types of Users 1 Casual The casual user is usually a professional who has minimal requirements for accessing the mainframe He She may query a database once or twice a day he she may use an electronic mail system and check the prices of securities Even though the requirements are small it is important to have this capability at his her fingertips These users are perfect candidates for the kind of capabilities Apple offers in the area of data communications They usually do not want a lot of equipment on their desk therefore the concept of the integrated workstation is very attractive 2 Clerical POWER ENTRY This user probably spends about 7 1 2 out of 8 hours in a day at his her terminal inputting data Therefore the user is always in terminal mode He she may input inventory information purchase order inform
25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stop 1 Mark ASCII Character Code for A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Mark EBCDIC Character Code for A Start Character Stop Start Character Stop Start Character Stop I Ti I I I_ 2 Asynchronous Transmission Sync Sync Header STX Data Sync Sync Header Bisynchronous Transmission Frame End Flag Address Control Information Frame Check Flag Flag Address Control Check C 1 j C T T Information 8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits Multipleof 8 Bits 16 Bits 8 Bits Synchronous Data Link Control SDLC Transmission Customers Requirements The integration of microcomputers either as personal computers or as intelligent workstations into the data processing environment of major organizations corporate governmental and institutional became a key issue of the data processing industry during 1983 The question is not whether microcomputers should be integrated into mainframe environments but rather how this integration can best be accomplished for the most efficient utilization of an organization s computing resources The first generation of personal computers communicated through very slow 300 bit per second modems and were used primarily to link to the new information utilities After 1980 however as VisiCalc revolutionized the corporate professional s working methods a major change began to occur A demand for access
26. 2 column width XMODEM protocol Pull down PF keys Make files into tables for spreadsheet Apple LisaTerminal Plus VT 52 VT 100 Emulation Pull down menus Simultaneous Sessions Cut amp Paste 80 or 132 column ABW Corp Box M 1047 Ann Arbor MI 48106 313 971 9364 Teksim Tektronics Terminal Emulation Addison Wesley Applications Software Division 6 Jacob Way Reading MA 01867 617 655 9191 DSS F Decision Support Software with Log On communications program Applied Data Research Route 206 amp Orchard Road CN 8 Princeton NJ 08540 201 874 9000 ADR PC Datacom DB DC Empire Decision Support Tool ADR Librarian AT amp T Technology Licensing 0 Box 25000 Greensboro NC 27420 919 697 5087 UNIX BMDP Statistical Software Inc 964 Westwood Dr Cincom Systems 2300 Montana Ave Cincinnati OH 45211 800 543 3010 513 661 6000 662 2300 TOTAL DBMS 13K 80K TIS 4th generation procedural language 250K Optional components Intelligent Query Comprehensive Retrieval Intelligent Reporter Decision Support Manage User Series Mancalc 19 500 Mantext Mangraf 16 500 Mantis Computer Associates International 125 Jerico Turnpike Jerico NY 11753 516 335 6700 800 645 5005 Owns IUS Sorcim CA Universe Relational DBMS 85K 102K Communications Research Group 8939 Jefferson Highway Baton Rouge LA 70809 504 925 0888 BLAST Blocked Asynchronous Trans Computer Solutions
27. 245 7990 On Line Software International Fort Lee NJ OmniLink OmniMicro Oracle Corporation 2710 Sand Hill Rd Menlo Park CA 94025 415 854 7350 Oracle R DBMS 12K Pathway Design 177 Worchester Street Wellesley Massachusetts 02181 617 237 7722 800 343 0515 Pansophic Systems Inc 709 Enterprise Drive Oak Brook IL 60521 312 986 2260 Easytrieve Ross Systems Inc 1860 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto CA 94303 415 856 1100 Management Aid for Planning Strategies MAPS MAPS DB 12K 30K DEC PDP 11 VAX 11 with RSTS E and VMS 47 SAS Institute Inc SAS Circle BOX 8000 Cary NC 27511 919 467 8000 SAS Statistical Analysis SAS Graph Seed Software 2300 Walnut Street Suite 734 Philadelphia PA 19103 215 568 2424 Simware Inc Ottawa Ontario Canada SIM3278 AZPC 2 Softronics Inc 6626 Prince Edward Place Memphis TN 38119 901 755 5006 Softerm 1 and 2 for the Apple Terminal emulation software Software AG of North America 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston Virginia 22091 703 860 5050 Natural 4th generation language ADABAS Adaptable Data Base System Runs on S 360 S 370 303X 4500 most compatibles Runs under DOS DOS VS DOS VSE OS OS VS SPSS Inc 444 Michigan Ave Suite 3000 Chicago IL 60611 312 329 2400 SPSS Data Analysis System Tominy Inc 4221 Malsbary Rd Cinncinati OH 45242 513 984 6605 Data Base Plus Tymnet Tymshare Inc 2710 Orchard Parkway
28. 278 3275 Discontinued Models 1 2 11 12 3276 Control Unit Display Station Models 1 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 3277 Model 2 Display Station 3278 Models 2 3 4 5 Display Station 3278 Personal Computer Adapter 3278 Attachment Option An adapter in the IBM PC to interface w 3278 keyboard 3279 Color terminal Models S2A S2B S3G 2X 3X 3280 Display Station replacement for 3278 3290 Plasma Information Panel Display 5150 Personal Computer 3770 3101 3278 emulation 5160 Personal Computer XT 370 Models 568 and 588 3277 and 3101 emulation 5251 Model 11 12 Terminal for the System 34 36 and 38 5271 3270 Personal Computer Terminals from other manufacturers ADDS Regent 25 60 Viewpoint 60 78 90 Executive 80 V210 Ampex 80 81 Anderson Jacobson 510 520 APL Beehive DM5 DM78 Topper Burroughs SR 110 TD830 MT983 ET 1100 ET 2130 2230 Data General Dasher D 100 D 200 D 400 6052 6053 DEC 52 VT 61 VT100 101 102 125 131 132 200 Esprit 78 51 Hazeltine 1400 s and 1500 s Esprit Hewlett Packard 86 125 2621 2622A 2624 2626 2641 2645A Honeywell VIP 7700 7800 Lear Siegler ADM 3A ADM 5 ADM 11 ADM 12 ADM 24E 31 NCR 501 796 7900 Model 3 NCR 1 NCR 4 Microdata Sequoia and Reality Perkin Elmer 1251 Prime 45 PST100 Renex 278 378 379 Soroc IQ 120 Sperry Uniscope 100 U200 UTS 20 Tektronix 4010 Series 4010 4012 4014 4016 and 4662 Option 31 Televideo 900 Series Teletype Corp TTY KSR 33 43 5420
29. 555555 455555555 45 55 555555555455 55555554554 S SANNA SSS SENSES 5 SFTWR ac E 55 PPPOE PEPE LE ELE LE CPL ELE SL Ae MSS SS NS LE EE KE ia ai EB PPPELEP POPE PEL ELE LE UY MN WARARA ALAR AAR ARAAA SQ SN 2722227 N feet elias ME LELAL ELLE LE LE LE EE A 5 5705 PEP OR A 2 COPPELL EPL 24222222 PEPPER EE Qa LLLP EEL EE PPPS EL LY AN AN 5 ARA ANA A ANA AN modem LLP EL Le SP ee eee SFTWR 2705 modem oe LEIP EE LY PAL EP EPA ALLELE ELE EL A KA AJ A tata ali LA kati ai PPL EEL PEELE ESE PPPPPIE LLP EL EP EEL AKA CREPE SL SY PPP LEPIPEP PILE PEEL LEE RES AE COPPELL Fe PPLE ELLE EI ILE PL LE EE PPP EPLP LL EOP EL EL EPEC EL EEE PELE LEE ui
30. 58 168 195 XT 370 Mainframe in a micro box 68000 amp 8088 650 Discontinued Mainframe 1401 Discontinued Mainframe 1403 Printer 1443 Printer 2250 Display Unit 2550 Single Cluster Feature 2551 Dual Cluster Feature 2704 Discontinued Front End Processor 2770 Bisync batch workstation 2780 Bisync batch workstation 303X 1 2 3 Maniframe Full range of high performance processor for large system environements with 2 32 MB processor storage 5 2 block multiplexor channels 308X 1 3 4 IBM s largest series of processors 3178 Display Station Models Cl C2 Less expensive 3278 3179 Display Station cheaper 3279 type color display 3180 Display Station 3203 Line Printer up to 1200 1 3211 Line Printer up to 2000 lpm 3230 Dot Matrix Printer up to 350 cps 3262 Line Printer Model 1 5 650 lpm Model 11 325 lpm 3268 Printer 540 cps 3270 PC Communications Terminal amp computer 3271 Bisync cluster controller 70 3272 3274 3274 3275 3276 3276 3277 3278 Device Control Unit a controller for the 3270 Information Display System family of displays and printers type B devices Models l 480 character buffer BSC line control 2 1920 character buffer BSC line control 3 480 character buffer SDLC line control 4 1920 character buffer SDLC line control Features Remote cluster up to 32 devices attachable Line speed up to 7200 bps for BSC 9600 via RPQ Line speed up to 9600 bps for SDL
31. C Device Control Unit type B devices Models 1 480 character buffer 2 1920 character buffer Features Local cluster up to 32 devices attachable Data transfer to channel up to 650 000 bps Models 21A 21B 21D 51 41A 410 local Floor standing Cluster Controller 51C 61C Models A B C D Model 51C Features Attaches up to eight type A and four type B devices Supports full range of 3270 display and printer products Bisync workstation terminal and printer SNA cluster controller and terminal Models 1 2 3 4 BSC or SDLC Models 11 12 15 14 SDLC protocol Control Unit Display Station Models 1 960 character buffer BSC 11 960 character buffer SDLC 2 1920 character buffer BSC 12 1920 character buffer SDLC 3 2560 character buffer BSC 15 2560 character buffer SDLC 4 3440 character buffer BSC 14 3440 character buffer SDLC Features Remote small cluster up to 8 devices attached Lease line facility up to 7200 bps BSC or 9600 bps SDLC Public switched network up to 4800 bps Batch Terminal Display Station 3279 3287 3289 3290 3299 3330 3333 3370 3375 3540 3600 3601 3650 3660 3694 3701 3704 3705 Models buffer buffer buffer buffer buffer 7 960 character 1920 character 2560 character 3340 character 3564 character 12x80 24x80 32x80 43x80 27x132 U FUN Features Attaches to 3274 and 3276 to 3274B or 3276 Model 5 not attachab
32. E MVS VM VTAM IMS DC MVS XA ISAM NCP with NTO UNIX Micro DOS 3 3 CP M UNIX ProDOS MS DOS UCSD p System o Training and support from the dealers and vendors o User friendliness of software is of primary importance to first time users On the following pages is list of major vendors of micro to mainframe software 44 Software Products for Micro to Mainframe Links The following is a list of compatible and competitive software products for use on either the mainframe end the microcomputer end of a communications link The reason that both compatible and competitive products are given is that products that are one day competitive are the next day compatible in this fast moving business We are trying to get as many of the competitive companies compatible as soon as possible Apple Computer 20525 Mariani Ave Cupertino CA 95014 408 996 1010 Apple Access 75 00 Digital Equipment Corportation VT 100 and VT 52 terminal emulation 110 to 9600 bps Includes data capture to disk and file transfer ProDOS Based Macro Capability Transfers Appleworks files Apple Access 150 00 Digital Equipment Corportation VT 100 and VT 52 terminal emulation 110 to 9600 bps Includes data capture to disk and file transfer Transfers all SOS files Apple Access 5270 Based on Access with PF and PA keys on numeric keypad Apple MacTerminal Emulate VT 52 VT 100 IBM 3278 and TTY Terminals at 50 19 200 bps 80 or 12
33. ESET DEV CNCL INSERT DELETE ENTER Figure 6 53 APPLE KEYSTROKES ESCAPE ESCAPE RETURN J CONTROL K CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL 3 CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL e CONTROL 1 CONTROL CONTROL F CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL T CONTR x gt J CONTR CONTR CONTROL ENTER 4 CENT FAI USSEZA Unformatted Systems Seru Rpple Computer Available applications Cupertino systems Texas lt y tem TSUH King TS TSOB Lonestar TSG TENA Godzilla 50 IDMSFRE allas ONS Production IDnzPEDOD DHS Production i DHEDUE Dallas ID E Developmen ID ETEST OHS Test IDMZDULP OMS Development UHIZONG Hccezz to system Figure 7 54 Z22272 Z22277 508 PILE CLE ES ELLE TARANA CFL LLL CO A EE PPPPL ELLIE EPL LEP EE LLL NN NN NS MS NS NN AN NN NN NS NN NN YN AA SN MN te CN 555
34. Mute ee CLUSTER CONTROLLE 00 552550555 555255 62525552525 552525955 Mieten 3 sett 2525 Figure 4 4 1 APPLELINE APPLELINE Chapter 3 APPLE SYNCHRONOUS PRODUCTS OVERVIEW Following is a description of two solutions Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller ACC for using your Apple computer as an IBM 3278 2 terminal Refer to Figure 4 a visual representation of where they fit in the IBM environment What is Appleline Appleline is a powerful cost effective solution to terminal emulation and protocol conversion device that allows Apple computers to communicate in an IBM mainframe environment Appleline allows Apple computers to emulate the functions of the 3278 Model 2 3278 2 terminal with typewriter style keyboard Where does Appleline Fit Appleline is installed at a controller site via a direct coaxial cable connection to an IBM 3274 3276 or integral terminal controller with Type adapters 3274 controllers can have either Type A or Type B adapters but 3276 controllers will have only Type A The protocol used between the IBM 3274 76 and the 3278 2 terminal is essentially the same in BSC and SNA SDLC environments Appleline operates with BSC or SNA SDLC linked 3274 controllers that are either channel attached or remote The Apple computer communicating with the 3274 contro
35. a on paper 10 when he she is terminal mode and then re keying the data into the spreadsheet This powerful integration provides all the processing power right on the desktop The professional is an ideal candidate for the sale of Mac s and Lisa s which integrate the personal computing functions required by the individual and the terminal software with Appleline or Apple Cluster Controller to give him her access to the mainframe 4 Programmers IBM environment programmers are usually used to the functionality of the 3278 with all of its special keys and attributes If they have spent a long time on this kind of terminal they may be quite resistant to the changes when using a personal computer for this function There are a few considerations here First are they used to a true terminal and are they resistant to learning variations Second do they have a need for the other applications on a personal computer There are various levels of programmers Some have the need to design projects in which case they may use one of the project programs they also may have the need to use word processing Selling Apples as terminals is much easier when the user has other personal computer needs besides mainframe access 11 Apple Personal Computers as Intelligent Terminals Since Apple computers are programmable they can emulate many different types of terminals the most common being the DEC VT 100 The 3278 and 3279 display stations are dumb term
36. ata receive results and be preprogrammed Space 1 An impulse which in a neutral circuit causes the loop to open or causes absence of signal while in a polar circuit it causes the loop current to flow in a direction opposite to that for a mark impulse A space impulse is equivalent to a binary O 2 In some codes a character which causes a printer to leave a character width with no printed symbol Star A network topology in which each station is connected only to a central station by a point to point link and communicates with all other stations through the central station Start Bit In asynchronous transmission a signal used to signify the beginning of the transmission of a character Stop Bit In asynchronous transmission the quiescent state following the transmission of a character usually required to be at least 1 1 42 1 5 or 2 bit times long Switch Hook A switch on a telephone set associated with the structure supporting the receiver or handset It is operated by the removal or replacement of the receiver or handset on the support Switched Line One of a series of lines that can be inter connected through a switching center a line on the public telephone network Contrast with leased line Synchronous Having a constant time interval between suc cessive bits characters or events Synchronous transmission uses no redundant information such as the start and stop bits in asynchronous
37. ation or some other type of major database information More often than not this user is trained on a particular terminal type It is possible to go after this type of terminal replacement However considering the differences between the Apple computer in terminal mode and the 3278 you may find resistance to change Keep posted on future characteristics added to the software and hardware that give us the characteristics we emulate Also if this user is always in terminal mode and has no use for the rest of the functionality of the personal computer it makes it a tougher sell Not impossible but not our perfect target 3 Professional Not dissimilar to the casual user above the professional has some requirements for terminal mode He she may access a corporate database a few times a day may have access to a securities database and perhaps use electronic mail The professional probably has a greater requirement for things like spreadsheets personal databases minimal wordprocessing and Mac or Lisa drawing packages As with the casual user the professional often wants the ability to tie into a mainframe but wants one integrated workstation that is easy to use instead of a cumbersome complicated terminal in addition to his her personal computer Often the professional requests the ability to leverage off of the information contained in the database by copying it and pasting it into a spreadsheet This ability saves the user from having to copy the dat
38. band channels are used for high speed voice and data communications radio and television broadcasting some local area data networks and many other services Workstation An intelligent terminal X 3 Packet Assembly Disassembly facility PAD in a public data network X 21 Interface between DTE and DCE equipment for synchronous operation on public data networks X 25 A protocol developed bv CCITT the standards writing organization for international tele phone carriers for packet swtiching procedures governing the exchange of data units between the public data network and the user 69 IBM the Numbers Series 1 Minicomputer Model 495X 32K 512K System 23 Datamaster 8086 Microprocessor 64K 128K System 34 General purpose minicomputer system for all types of smaller businesses Uses the SSP operating system Supports the 5250 Information Display System family of terminal and printers in local and remote environments BSC or SDLC communications is supported Supports programming in RPG II COBOL and BASIC System 36 General Purpose minicomputer System 38 Multi user general purpose SP sytem with a virtual design Uses the CPF operating system Supports the 5250 Information Display System family of terminals and printers in local and remote environments Only SDLC data communications is supported Supports programming in RPG and COBOL 360 Mainframe Computer 370 Mainframe Computer Models 138 148 1
39. baud rate for the terminal software 38 Demonstration of the Apple Cluster Controller 1 Power on appropriate computer and create a terminal document with the proper settings Refer to diagram If the is linked to the Apple computer via an asynchronous modem you must establish communications with the ACC at this point 2 Power on the ACC and wait for self test to finish green light on front panel will go on when complete The following ACC banner message is displayed on your screen Apple SSS N VY Z BB CC DD RRRR TTTT LU X gt gt This banner message gives information about your ACC s configuration Message Component Meaning SSS SNA for Model 76 BSC for Model 71 N Number of ports recognized by the ACC VY Z Internal software version number Y is anumber Z is a letter AA SWO address setting of SNA SDLC or BSC polling address BB SW1 terminal type setting CC SW2 prompting and autospeed detection settings DD SW3 printer optionsetting RRRR Current retransmission count from host to ACC TTIT Current retransmission count from ACC to host computer LU X Refers to local address of the terminal 3 The terminal type must be identified to the ACC Press ESCAPE CONTROL B and the ACC displays a list of terminal types and asks you to choose one Your response will depend on what type of Apple computer you have 4 Press ESCAPE CONTROL D you will get a prompt lt lt Enter XID gt gt Enter your XID n
40. be located in the data center In this situation the ACC is directly attached to the front end processor 3705 3725 etc Refer to Figure 12 Alternatively the IBM host and the ACC can be located in the data center while the Apple computers and or printers can reside in remote locations and be linked to the ACC through asynchronous modems Refer to Figure 13 Apple computers connected through individual modems need not all operate at the same speed their speeds can range from 300 or 1200 bps The ACC with Apple computers attached directly can reside in a location remote from the IBM host and be linked to it through a synchronous modem Refer to Figure 14 Defining The Configuration To properly configure your ACC you need to answer a few questions in advance Refer to the back panel of you ACC during this discussion 36 SNA SDLC or BSC Port The first set of questions pertain to the SNA SDLC BSC port 1 How will the ACC be connected to the IBM front end processor directly or through a modem Does the IBM host use NRZI format coding What is the polling address of the ACC This is normally a two letter hexadecimal code and should be the same address code as that of the IBM front end processor At what speed will the IBM host be operating This speed is normally specified in bps and can be 1200 2400 4800 or 9600 Asynchronous Ports The second set of questions pertain to the asynchronous por
41. correct distance from the earth and at the correct speed to appear fixed in space as the earth rotates Half duplex Pertaining to the capability to transmit in two directions but not simultaneously Handshake An exchange of control sequences between two locations to set up the correct parameters for transmission Houston Automatic Spooling Priority HASP A computer program that provides supplementary job management data management and task management functions such as control of job flow ordering of tasks and spooling High level Data Link Control HDLC An ISO standard data communications line protocol Information Management System Virtual System IMS VS IBM data base management software system that also provides communications monitor functions Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN Intelligent Terminal A terminal that can do editing error checking and is programmable Interactive Processing The exchange of information and control between the user and a computer on a current basis not in batch mode Also called conversational Interface A shared boundary An interface might be hardware component to link two devices or it might be a portion of storage or registers accessed by two or more computer programs International Standards Organization ISO An international federation of national standards organizations which also becomes involved in developing standards including communication
42. cuit that is established by a switched circuit connection Dibit A pair of bits treated as one information element In modulation schemes with more than two states multiple bits are represented by each state The term dibit originally was used for the AT amp T 201 series of modems which used four phase states to encode information each state could therefore represent two bits Digit A character used to designate a quantity The decimal system uses the digits 0 9 binary sytem 0 1 hexadecimal system O F See also binary digit Digital Referring or pertaining to a signaling technique in which a transmission is conveyed by gener ating pulses of electromagnetic energy in a discontinuous i e on off coded pattern representing for example bits in a data stream Contrast with analog Digital Data Communications Message Protocol DDCMP A Digital Equipment Corporation data communications line protocol Digital Service Unit or Data Service Unit DSU A device for amplifying timing and converting unipolar digital signals into bipolar digital signals suitable for transmission to the Central Office Direct Access Storage Device DASD A device in which the access time is effectively independent of the location of the data Direct Distance Dialing DDD A means for making long distance telephone calls over the switched telephone network without operator assistance 62 Disk Operating System Virtual Stora
43. e Data Corporation 7075 Flying Cloud Drive Minneapolis MN 55344 800 328 3998 3270 Terminals Lemcom Systems Inc 2104 W Peoria Avenue Phoenix AZ 85029 602 944 1543 Le Roux International 3090 Acushnet Avenue New Bedford MA 02745 617 995 8519 Local Data 2701 Toledo St Suite 706 Torrance CA 90503 213 320 7126 49 MA Comm Data Communications Group 11717 Exploration Lane Germantown MD 20874 9989 Modems Multiplexers Error Controllers Corporaton 1125 Memorex Drive Santa Clara CA 95052 3270 Terminals Cluster Controllers NCR Corporation Box 606 Dayton OH 45479 Mainframes Terminals PC s NCR Comten 2700 Snelling Ave North St Paul MN 55113 Communications Equipment Northern Telecom 259 Cumberland Bend Nashville TN 37228 PBX s with built in protocol conversion Northern Telecom Business Communications Systems 1001 East Arapaho Road Richardson TX 75081 Northern Telecom Terminal Systems Division Data Park P O Box 1222 Minneapolis MN 55405 Phaze Information Machines Corp 7650 East Redfield Road Scottsdale AZ 85260 800 423 2994 Phaser Systems Inc 24 California St San Francisco CA 94111 415 434 3990 PCI Protocol Computers Inc 6150 Canoga Avenue Woodland Hills CA 91367 3773 800 423 5904 213 716 5500 in Calif Personal Systems Technology Inc Persyst Products 15801 Rockfield Blvd Suite A Irvine CA 92714 714 859 8871 Protocol Converters
44. e additional depth a glossary of IBM software and hardware terminology and a guide to IBM product numbering is provided in Chapter 8 The great majority of large corporations today use large scale IBM or IBM plug compatible mainframes as the central computer in their data processing systems Typically hundreds or even thousands of CRT terminals and printers are in use on these systems If all of these had to be handled directly by the mainframe little capacity would remain for actual computing IBM had therefore chosen to distribute this terminal handling burden to intelligent control devices called simply enough controllers Thus a mainframe rarely communicates directly with a user s terminal or printers but instead does so through a number of controllers arranged in some form of communications network The most widely used communications network type utilizes an interrelated group of controllers terminals printers and miscellaneous devices called collectively the 3270 or 327X family When an IBM mainframe system is installed or expanded members of this family are arranged building block style into a 3270 Communications Network Many such configurations are possible and a fairly representative one is diagrammed on Figure 3 You may wish to refer to this diagram as the individual components are briefly described below The heart of any computer system is of course the central or host computer IBM has divided its various models of compu
45. e customers existing network Before installing your Apple Cluster Controller you should have a discussion with the operator of the IBM host computer He she will need to inform the host Network Control Program NCP of the addition of your ACC Tell the host operator which ACC model you are going to install so that he she can properly SYSGEN the host computer Changes to the NCP when a Model 76 is added are the same as those required when an IBM 3276 12 or 3274 is added Changes when a Model 71 is added are the same as those required when an IBM 3276 2 is added You also need to indicate to the systems programmer the type of devices which will be hooked up to the ACC If your computer will be emulating a 3278 2 you indicate to the programmer that the device to be attached to the ACC is a 3278 2 If you are hooking up a printer then you indicate to the programmer which ports on the ACC should be reserved for the printer The host operator will inform you of your user ID and password and of any operating characteristics you need to know about in order to properly set up and configure your ACC to communicate with the IBM host If the customer is disconnecting an existing functioning IBM 3274 6 controller and replacing it with an ACC you need not do a gen on their system In this case you need only set a couple of switches on your ACC Refer to the subsequent discussions on defining the configuration and configuring the hardware 35 If the cu
46. e typewriter keyboard is the problem Have your mainframe support re gen your controller port for typewriter keyboards 34 get around the problem in the meantime reset will clear 4 This should CONTROL R Other strange numbers may appear on the status line First check and make sure you are connected to port gened for a 3278 model 2 or 3279 model 2A with typewriter keyboard Anytime you get a F you ve typed on the keyboard before the controller is ready for you A reset control and R should clear it If your screen is blank with a blinking cursor even after depressing the escape key twice You are not getting a connection to your controller Controller connection will always give you a 4A 4B 6A or 6B in the bottom left corner of the screen Solution A Check coax connection B Check coax wire for breaks C Change coax D Check RS 232 connections E Check RS 232 for breaks F Repair or change RS 232 cable Apple Cluster Controller Pre demo preparation at customer site The following discussion assumes that you will be tying the Apple Cluster Controller ACC into the customers existing network If you will be tying into your own system or a timeshare service then you will work out your own set up for the ACC based on your services requirements Tying into your own system has one advantage in that you need only set up the hardware once however it is not as convincing to the customer as tying into th
47. e will ignore further password attempts for 20 seconds 4 You are now ready to log on to the IBM system To best demonstrate the Apple to mainframe connection hand the keyboard over to the customer and let him her sign on to the mainframe and use his her own system 32 Using Your Apple Computer Like IBM Terminal Now you can start using your Apple keyboard and monitor screen as if they were the keyboard and screen of an IBM Model 3278 2 terminal The Operator Information Area by which the IBM system informs you of its status will appear as the bottom line on your 24 line by 80 column Apple screen To see the twenty fifth line of the IBM 25 line by 80 column display press the 5 key twice Special IBM Keys The Model 3278 2 terminal has keys with special labels on them ATTN SYS REQ etc which do not exist on your Apple keyboard However all their functions are still available To achieve the same result with your Apple as you would by pressing these keys on a 3278 2 terminal you use a combination of keystrokes These combinations are listed in Figure 9 In addition Macterminal has a built in pictoral keypad which allows you to select the IBM keys also referred to as PF keys by pointing and clicking with the mouse Refer to Figure 10 5 Logging off A Have customer log off of his her IBM environment B There are 3 different log off procedures you can use to terminate a work session with your Appleli
48. eline will reply with the prompting message AppleLine has been reset to factory settings Please log on as Appleline SUPERVISOR using the supervisor password APPLES to get Appleline to your particular configuration 30 A terminal type must selected before you continue Possible selections Lisaterminal Macterminal C Access 3270 D VT100 Your selection Lisaterminal The Lisaterminal in brackets means that it is the default setting For practice we ll change the terminal to Macterminal assuming we are using a Macintosh to communicate and not a Lisa c Press B and RETURN This tells the Appleline that you are using Macterminal to communicate with it Your Appleline will reply with this prompting message Current terminal type is Macterminal Is this correct Y d Press RETURN Pressing RETURN accepts the default response shown inside the brackets in this case the default is Y which stands for yes Your Appleline will reply with this prompting message Appleline Supervisor Logged ON Possible selections A Display terminal type and modem settings B Modify terminal type and modem settings C Change USER or SUPERVISOR passwords D Log off and hang up modem E Log off and return to logon screen Your selection Log off and return to log on screen 31 At this point you can make any of the above 5 selections to A Display the communications parameters stored in Appleline fo
49. erals are found Appleline and Apple Cluster Controllers are a great potential sale Because of IBM s considerable marketing power the list of qualified organizations includes the vast majority of governments universities financial institutions utilities and the coveted Fortune 1000 companies The list doesn t stop there however The recent popularity of IBM s low cost 4300 series mainframes has delivered 3270 Networks into the hands of tens of thousands of smaller concerns as well In short 80 of all medium to large corporations are probably prospects for Appleline Apple Cluster Controller and the Apple personal computers it allows to attach Further qualifying should guide you towards the people in these organizations who can benefit most directly from Apple personal computers Current Apple application programs support two major groups of users executives and data processing professionals The executives are decision makers whose jobs depend upon information Often the information can be found on the organization s mainframe The ability to access and process that information on their own Apple personal computer is extremely attractive to these people They are prime candidates for Appleline sales The DP people create and use tools to access mainframe information Though their own needs may not be great they are still tremendously valuable to your sales campaign since they are developing tomorrow s tools for the executive Their support is
50. f data communications terms are unfamiliar to you you may want to look at the glossary before you read the rest of this guide The Organization of this Guide Chapter 1 covers synchronous and asynchronous communications worlds Chapter 2 15 introduction to data communications and overview of customers needs Chapter 3 tells how Apple products meet customers needs Chapter 4 covers sales scenarios qualifying the prospect Chapter 5 covers the demonstration of Apple synchronous communications products Chapter 6 lists compatible and competitive software products Chapter 7 lists competitive hardware products Chapter 8 is a Glossarv a Guide to IBM Numbers a Reading List and Figures 5 10 Chapter 1 COMMUNICATIONS OVERVIEW The 3 Worlds of Communications One could say that there are three independent yet interrelated worlds of data communications The American Telephone and Telegraph world is by far the biggest with yearly revenues of over 165 billion dollars This world comprises the highways and by ways of voice and data communications Wherever there is a communications wire between two points chances are that AT amp T owns it The next biggest world is IBM With yearly revenues of 40 billion dollars and about 65 share of the mainframe computer market it is nearly as big as everyone else in the computer business put together IBM s communications are primarily EBCDIC character based a
51. f information recognized by a computer and is a unit of information corresponding to a choice between two alternatives such as one and zero Bits Per Second bps The basic unit of data communications rate measurement Usually refers to rate of information bits transmitted Bit Error Rate Testing BERT Testing a data line with a pattern of bits which are compared before and after the transmission to detect errors Bit Rate The rate at which bits binary digits are transmitted over a communications path Normally expressed in bits per second bps The bit rate is not to be confused with the data signaling rate Baud which measures the rate of signal changes being transmitted Block A group of characters bytes or words communicated as a unit Blocking A condition in a switching system in which no paths or circuits are available to complete a call and a busy tone is returned to the calling party In this situation there is no alternative but to hang up and try the call again Also referred to as denial or busy condition Block Error Rate Testing BLERT Testing a data line with groups of information arranged into transmission blocks for error checking Burrough s Data Link Control BDLC A bit oriented protocol Binary Coded Decimal BCD A binary coded notation in which each of the decimal digits is represented by a binary numeral e g in binary coded decimal notation that uses the weights 8 4 2
52. ftware or special network configuration needed to accomodate Appleline To aid in the security of the network multi level password selection is provided in the configuration process Appleline Feature Benefit Summary Feature Coaxial cable protocol connector which works with IBM 3270 controllers 3274 6 Benefit Allows Apple Computers to attach to BSC to SNA SDLC networks Preserves coaxial investment Feature Allows Apple Computers to emulate IBM 3278 2 terminals Benefit Transforms a Macintosh Lisa Apple II or Apple into a multi functional workstation Network flexibility Feature Muti level password scheme one supervisor and 4 users Benefit Built in security 16 What is an Apple Cluster Controller The Apple Cluster Controller ACC is a stand alone device manufactured by Protocol Computers Inc PCD This unit allows up to 7 serial devices Apple Personal Computers Imagewriters Daisy Wheel Printer or Scribe Printer to be attached to an IBM 3270 network These devices are connected to the ACC via serial RS 232C ports The ACC looks like an IBM 3274 or 3276 cluster controller to the IBM network How does the Apple Cluster Controller work The ACC communicates to the IBM mainframe with either IBM Binary Synchronous Communication BSC protocol or IBM System Network Architecture Synchronous Data Link Control SNA SDLC protocol different ACC versions are required It in turn communicates to Apple
53. ge Extended DOS VSE Disk resident virtual storage operating system Runs on S 370 Model 115 158 3031 and 45 Distributed Office Support System DISOSS A collection of systems and software that is aimed at integrating the various pieces of the IBM office product IL is the foundation for much of the work in the DIA DCA area DPPX Data Base and Transaction Management System DPPX DTMS An online transaction svstem which runs on the 8100 under DPPX Similar to CICS VS for 370 users DPPX Interactive Productivity Facility DPPX IPF SP A program product which provides a simplified full screen interactive interface to the DPPX command facility Document Interchange Architecture DIA An access protocol to allow the transmission of documents over an SNA type of network It relies heavily on the Advanced Program to Program Communication APPC technique Document Content Architecture DCA A method of defining the rules and format of documents which are known to programs and other systems This scheme requires the program to format and store or transmit known formats between applications Dual In Line Package DIP The most common integrated circuit package having dual or parallel rows of pins at 0 1 inch intervals Dumb Terminal A device with a keyboard for inputting data and a display screen for the output of data but lacking local processing capability A dumb terminal provides remote
54. gical sequence by a key field key sequence in the physicalsequence in which they are written on the data set or file entry sequence orby relative record number Virtual Telecommunications Access Method Network Control Program VTAM NCP A set of programs that control communication between terminals and application programs running under DOX VS 05 51 AND OS VS2 Voice grade Channel A channel with bandwidth equivalent to a telephone line obtained through the public telephone network The maximum potential bandwidth of a voice grade channel is approx imately 20K hertz however most voice grade channels in a transmission facility are usually spaced 4000 Hz apart and not all of the band width is generally available to a user due to the presence of noise limiting loading coils the telephone network itself is usually defined in terms of channels with frequencies of from 300 Hz to 3400 Hz 21 300 bps duplex modem standard for use the general switched network V 22 1200 bps duplex modem standard for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased circuits V 23 600 1200 bps modem standard for use on the general switch network V 24 CCITT equivalent to EIA RS 232C standard Wideband channel Referring or pertaining to an analog circuit that provides more bandwidth than a voice grade telephone line i e a circuit that operates at a frequency of 20K Hz or greater Wideband also known as broad
55. ications a transmission path may be one way or two way depending on the channel between two or more points Provided by a common carrier also called a link line circuit or facility Character A language unit composed of a group of bits Character Error Rate Testing CERT Testing a data line with test characters to determine error performance Circuit A two way path along which signals can be sent between two or more points Also see channel 60 Clocking Time synchronizing of communications information Cluster A group of user terminals co located and con nected to a single controller through which each terminal is afforded the opportunity to access a single communication line Cluster Control Unit A device such as the 3274 Control Unit that can control the input output operations of more than one terminal such as a group cluster of 3278 Display Stations Common Carrier A company that furnishes communication ser vices to the general public at public regu lated prices In data communications a pub lic utility company that is recognized by an appropriate regulatory agency as having a vested interest and responsibility in furnishing communication services to the general public Bell MCI GTE Communication Transmission of intelligence between points of origin and reception without alteration of sequence or structure of the information content See also data communication Communication Co
56. ides IBM mainframe users with more flexible network hardware solutions Dial up capability allows users access to the IBM network from remote locations If customer is currently tying ASCII terminals to IBM mainframes through the use of Network Terminal Option NTO software on the front end controller NTO is very expensive and usually leased by customer refer to discussion on NTO in the following section on WHEN TO SELL APPLE CLUSTER CONTROLLER OR WHEN TO SELL APPLELINE 19 When Sell Appleline Customer has an existing or is about to purchase 3274 or 3276 cluster controller with type adapters Customer has channel attached controller approximately 50 of IBM mainframe world 15 channel attached Refer to Figure 2 do not connect to 3274 s Customer wants a coaxial connection Customer has a fully loaded 3705 or 3725 and wants to connect a personal computer to the IBM network Customer has NTO defined in glossary on front end to handle protocol conversion of ASCII terminals NTO is a very expensive software extension to NCP which customers lease and Appleline eliminates the need for NTO If an organization has NTO on their front end they are an excellant prospect for the sale of Apple systems When To Sell Apple Cluster Controller Customer is cost conscious and wants cheapest connect cost per attachment 3 port ACC cost s 2 900 compared to 3 Appleline s which would cost 3 885 Customer has 3 or
57. inals Replacing them with an intelligent terminal which has full stand alone computing capabilities is a very attractive solution to IBM 3270 Network users The most common of the 3278 s and 3279 s can be replaced by an Apple Computer and a terminal emulation device In particular the IBM 3278 model 2 monochrome character only terminal with a typewriter style keyboard is easily replaced by an Apple personal computer The biggest advantages and benefits for using personal computers as intelligent terminals instead of using dumb terminals are Cost Advantages Ease of use with Lisa Technology Mice and Pull Down Menus Downloading and Remote Storage of Information Remote Processing e Creating Editing and Uploading of Information Elimination of Duplicate Equipment e Eliminate Re keying of Information The Capability of End Users Writing Their Own Programs Remote Mainframe Program Creation Testing Updating Running Applications Not Available on Mainframe Computers Such As Spreadsheets Integrated Software Products Graphics Programs with Output to Plotters Project Management Software Some of the other major terminals in the market are listed on the next page 12 Terminal Types The following is a list of the most popular terminal types beginning with IBM models and followed by mode 3178 Models and C2 Replacements for the 3278 3179 Color replacement for the 3279 3180 Monochrome replacement for 3
58. invaluable and your greatest successes will come from customers whose DP shops sold on Apples as terminals Once you have qualified the prospects in your area visit them If you believe corporate customers will walk into your place of business and ask to buy you will lose out on the majority of corporate customers These people expect to be courted Despite what some trade publications claim most corporate purchasing agents are not walking into stores to buy their personal computers The most important selling points of Apple computers connected to Applelines or Apple Cluster Controllers are Appleline l Combines easy to use Apple personal computers with the IBM mainframe environment BSC or SNA SDLC Transforms your Macintosh Lisa Apple or Apple II into a multi functional workstation Network flexibility through dial up capability which cannot be done with an IBM 3278 2 Preserves investment in coaxial cable If customer is currently tying ASCII terminals to IBM mainframes through the use of NTO software on the front end controller NTO is very expensive and usually leased by customer refer to discussion on NTO in the following section on WHEN TO SELL APPLE CLUSTER CONTROLLER OR WHEN TO SELL APPLELINE Apple Cluster Controller Combines easy to use Apple personal computers with the IBM mainframe environment BSC or SNA SDLC Provides less expensive solutions to users of IBM mainframe computers Prov
59. isting network Important Demoing Tips and Hints The best demos of Macintosh and Lisa Terminals show the ease of use and consistency of user interface in addition to the integration capability In order to emphasize these critical selling points the following outlines a demo for Macterminal and Lisaterminal which you can duplicate on your respective systems 40 First create data set on your IBM mainframe within the environment that you will be tying into For example under TSO you can create a data set under the ISPF editor Your technical support person should be able to do this either by using the help facility under ISPF or by purchasing the appropriate user s guide from IBM In some cases your timeshare service will create a data set for afee The data set should contain a small model approximately 5x5 matrix of numbers It should also contain titles over the columns Once the data set is stored you can use it as the permanent information to be copied and then pasted into a calc model The data set is on the mainframe and therefore can be accessed by Macintosh or Lisa using either the Appleline or ACC To set up the demo refer to the following discussions on Demonstrating Macterminal or Demonstrating Lisaterminal in 3270 environment Demonstrating MacTerminal in the 3270 Environment Create a multiplan model containing titles and formulas to receive the data set which will be copied from the mainframe Remember to leave enough c
60. le Color Displav Station Models 2 2B 3B 1920 character buffer 24 80 Four colors 2560 character buffer 32x80 Four colors 1920 character buffer 24 80 Seven colors 2560 character buffer 32x80 Seven colors Printer Models 1 80 cps 132 print positions 2 120 cps 132 print positions 11 80 cps 132 print positions 12 120 cps 132 print positions Features Model 1 and 2 attachable to 3271 3272 3274 3276 Line Printer up to 120 cps Plasma Display Information Panel Multiplexer Disk Storage Unit Disk Storage Unit Disk Storage Unit Disk Storage Unit Diskette Input Output Unit Banking System Finance Controller Retail System Supermarket System Document Processor EIA CCITT Interface Communications Controller Withdrawn from production in August 1978 Contains 64K bytes of storage and can handle up to 34 half duplex lines Communications controller that provides for the physical management of the communcatons network It can be locally attached or can operate as a remote communications controller The 3705 has a maximum storage capacity of 512K memory which is used to store the control program and to buffer incoming and outgoing traffic The control program can be NCP Network Control Program or EP Emulation Program 270X emulation Provides attachment facilities for asynchronous binary synchronous BSC and synchronous data link control SDLC protocols Can handle up to
61. ller via the Appleline can be either remotely attached to the Appleline using a full duplex modem or directly attached to Appleline by an RS 232 cable The two configurations described above for Appleline are described in Figure 4 Corporations with large 3270 installations will find this solution attractive because it allows them to preserve their investment in coaxial cable Customers who already have existing 3270 controllers can simply replace a 3278 display with an Apple and Appleline without changing host software or network configuration The Appleline solution expands the potential market for Lisa s and Macintosh s because it allows access to channel attached 3270 controllers It is estimated that 5096 of the installed 3270 controllers are connected to the IBM mainframe via its channel direct to host How does Appleline Work Appleline s on board high speed microprocessor 8x305 handles the 3270 coaxial protocol A second microprocessor handles the RS 232 protocol independently When terminal emulator VT 100 emulator i e LisaTerm or MacTerm has been activated and the user has successfully logged on to Appleline the 3270 system protocol will be accepted and acknowledged 15 Appleline s 3278 2 emulator package includes menu driven configuration routine This routine is used to establish the communications requirements for the attached device and to select the passwords for Appleline There is no additional so
62. lysis Options Graphics Foreign File Interface Multiple Linear Regression Runs On IBM DEC Prime CDC Honeywell H P Wang IFPS Decision Support Software 64K IFPS SENTRY data entry and validation system 12K IFPS DATASPAN transfers data into IFPS files 10K IFPS Personal Ferox Microsystems Inc 1201 North Ft Meyer Drive Arlington VA 22209 IBM Corporation 1133 Westchester Ave White Plains NY 10604 914 696 1900 IMS VS DB DC 1 310 Month DOS DOS MVT VSE DOS VS 05 51 OS VS2 SVS and MVS SSX Small System Executive VSE 15 20K 46 IE Systems Inc 5 Emulation 1195 00 Box 359 98 Main Street Newmarket NH 03857 603 659 5891 Enables a CP M based Apple to communicate with remote computers using bisynchronous protocols When combined with bisynchronous software products from Micro Integration an Apple can emulate an RJE remote job entry terminal using either 3780 3741 2780 and 2770 protocols or a 3271 77 3274 78 3275 and 3276 bisynchronous device Cost with serial 1 0 board and bisynchronous software product is 1195 00 Informatics General Corporation 210 Ventura Boulevard Woodland Hills CA 91364 213 887 9040 401 Park Ave South New York NY 10016 212 696 5700 Answer DB VisiAnswer TAPS Transaction Processor Application Development Tool Relational Datamanager Information Builders Inc 1250 Broadway New York NY 10001 212 736 4433 FOCUS
63. minals 7 printers 22 Incremental Cost Comparison SCENARIO I Software not Included IBM CPU Fr End Processor 3705 6 Cluster Controllers Terminals 3278 s Mac s IBM Solution N A N A 36 000 6000 x 6 96 600 2300 x 42 Printers IBM s 5 36 000 6000 x 6 Total Incremental Cost 168 000 Added Convenience of No Having a P C NOTE Average savings per Apple Cluster Controller 24 400 7 3 485 Worth 1 additional PC plus software and printer Items used in both solutions not included e g 4800 baud modem included in both solutions therefore no incremental charge for Apple 23 Apple Solution N A N A 34 300 4900 x 7 105 000 2500 x 42 4 900 700 x 7 144 200 Yes Savings with Apple N A N A 1 700 28 400 gt 31 100 24 400 SCENARIO Using AppleLine amp Macintosh VS IBM PC amp Irmacard Apple IBM 3278 IBM PC 256K Macintosh CPU N A N A F E P 3274 Terminal 2 300 2 420 2 500 3278 Emulator N A 1 000 1 295 Irma AppleLine Total Incremental Cost 2 300 3 420 3 795 NOTE PC solution is more expensive in comparison to terminal solution But added flexibility of owning a PC will make up for the difference 24 IBM SYSTEM EQUIPMENT PRICES IBM Front End Processor 46 600 10 lines Comes with 10 to 312 lines
64. mmu nications Originally an IBM trademark Telex A generic name for the international network of teleprinter subscriber services Western Union provides such services within the U S and abroad under its Telex and Telex II trademarks International record carriers IRC S are now permitted to extend their telex services to the domestic U S Terminal Hardware device connected to a computer used for inputting and receiving data See Dumb Terminal Smart Terminal Intelligent Terminal Time Sharing Option TSO A full function time sharing system that provides interactive computing for the large system environment It is an integral part of MVS Transparency A transmission mode in which control character recognition is suspended allowing any bit pattern to be transmitted without unexpected results The rules for control code recognition are changed so that commands involving specific operations for example Escape sequences are not acted upon but simply transmitted as data Even in transparency mode certain commands remain active otherwise once in transparency mode there would be no way to get out of it Token Passing A local area network access technique in which participating stations circulatea special bit pattern the token that grants access to the network to each station in sequence often used in networks with a ring topology 68 Topology The logical or physical arrangement stations on
65. mmunications to gen a line for a 3278 model 2 in order to assure proper functioning of the Appleline When both of the above are ensured you may go on to the actual preparation of the equiment at the customer site Setting up the equipment for demo at customer site If you will be replacing an existing 3278 2 on the customers system and if the 3278 2 is in operation at the time of your set up ask the customer to properly log off and power off his her own system to assure that his her system is not disturbed by you If the customer has a port properly configured but does not have a true 3278 2 plugged in all the better you can just plug directly in without having to disconnect his her terminal 28 There are two possible set ups for the Appleline 1 With the Appleline nearan Apple computer Refer to Figure 4 and 2 With the Appleline away from an Apple computer Refer to Figure 5 The configuration with Appleline near your Apple is covered first and the latter covered second Equipment needed Appleline Apple serial cable Gender changer provided with the Appleline Coaxial cable up to 5000 ft customer usually provides this Wall mounting transformer provided with Appleline Self test plug loop back plug provided with Appleline Communications software the following is a recommended software list to be used with the various Apples ren LISA Lisaterminal Macintosh Macterminal Apple Access Apple
66. more personal computers in a remote location not near an IBM 3274 76 and needs to dial into an IBM network asychronously Customer wants to replace IBM 3274 76 to have personal computers as terminals on the network Customer has various types of personal computers and wants to hook them all up to the same protocol converter Customer has NTO defined in glossary on front end to handle protocol conversion of ASCII terminals NTO is a very expensive software extension to NCP which customers lease and Appleline eliminates the need for NTO If an organization has NTO on their front end they are an excellant prospect for the sale of Apple systems Customer needs to hook up printers directly to the converter or Apple computer The following is an APPLE IBM pricing comparison 20 APPLE SYSTEMS VS IBM FAMILY Appleline IBM PC Hardware 256K 2420 IrmaCard 1195 Total 3420 IBM PC XT Hardware 256K 4395 IrmaCard 1195 Total 5395 IBM 3270 PC Hardware 256K 3785 Hardware 512K 4650 Hardware 512K 10MB 6210 21 SCENARIO I Replacing IBM Communications Equipment Assumed System Configuration with IBM Equipment 6 IBM Cluster since epu 7 3278 Terminals Controllers 1 3287 Printer per Cluster Controller Total 42 terminals 6 printers Same Configuration with Apple Equipment 7 Apple Cluster Host CPU 3705 F E P pp Controllers 1 Printer per Cluster Controller Total 42 ter
67. mulation with PC added on Carterphone Communications Corp Dallas TX Protocol Converters Computer Communications Inc 2610 Columbia Street Torrence CA 90503 800 421 1178 213 320 9101 Protocol Converters C Itoh Electronics CIE Terminals 2505 McCabe Way Irvine CA 92714 6297 800 854 5959 800 432 3687 in Calif 3270 Terminals with PC s added on Codex A Motorola Information Systems company 20 Cabot Blvd Mansfield MA 02048 High Speed Synchronous Modems Desktop computers with 3270 3780 protocols Commspecialists 206 East Park Lebanon OH 45036 513 932 8998 Commware 5710 Paradise Drive Corte Madera CA 94925 415 924 1777 Protocol Converters Control Data 8100 34th Avenue South Minneapolis MN 55440 612 853 8100 3270 Terminals Core Technologv Corp 1000 Universitv Drive Suite 109 Rochester MI 48063 313 651 6421 48 3606 W Rd Palo Alto CA 94303 415 424 0700 Corporation 2852 Alton Irvine CA 92714 714 760 7171 PBX with 3270 emulation Data General Corp 4400 Computer Drive Westboro 02090 DataNetComm Inc P O Box 881283 San Francisco CA 94188 1283 Protocol Conversion Devices DCA TAC 120 W Wieuca Road N E Atlanta GA 30042 404 252 1045 Protocol Converters Digital Equipment Corporation 146 Main Street Maynard MA 01754 100 200 Terminals Digital Communications Associates Inc DCA 303 Technology Park Norcros
68. n usually 9 600 to 14 400 BPS Speed is Real Time Pertains to a computer application whose response is a time frame almost simultaneous or within milliseconds of the actual event RS 232 C A physical and electrical interface between computers terminals modems and communications lines A recommended standard developed by the Electronics Industries Association RS 422 and RS 423 Recommended Standards published by the Elec tronic Industries Association establishing the interface requirements between modems and ter minals or computers Remote Job Entry RJE An HP software program which allows you to sub mit jobs grouped together Also called batch processing Serial Transmission The transmission of a character or byte of data one bit at a time Contrast with parallel Session 1 The engaging of two end user processes in a logical connection 2 Layer 5 of the International Standards Organization 150 Open Systems Interconnection OSI reference model for network architectures Signal to Noise Ratio The relative power of signal to the noise on a line As the ratio decreases it becomes more difficult to distinguish between information and interference Simplex Pertaining to the capability to transmit in one direction only Contrast with half duplex and full duplex Single wire Line A transmission line that uses the ground as one side of the circuit Smart Terminal A terminal that can input d
69. nd synchronously transmitted with either a bisync or SDLC protocol When standards regarding communications are set generally they are patterned after either AT amp T or IBM The third communications world is everyone else in the business of moving information electronically This world is primarily ASCII character based and asynchronously transmitted This world has its origins in equipment that has evolved since the 1800 s well before the first electronic computer The Micro to Mainframe Marketplace The exciting and demanding new micro to mainframe marketplace for communications products is just now starting to explode In the early days of computers the market was primarily technology driven But the micro to mainframe market is primarily customer driven Early users of personal computers in major corporations have helped generate a pent up demand for methods to access existing data stored in their companies mainframe computers As the number of installed personal computers in large businesses doubles and quadruples so too will the products that connect them to the corporate mainframe computers International Resource Development has projected the size of this market and it is graphed in Figure 2 The Objective of this Guide The objective of this selling guide is to explain the IBM communications world and to tell how Apples synchronous communications products enable Apple personal computers to fit into that world First we will give
70. ne depending on what you have been doing and what you want to do next They are as follows a If you have been working with the mainframe and want to quit just break off communication with your Appleline How you break off communication depends on how your Appleline is connected b Ifthe Appleline is connected directly to your Apple computer simply quit the communication program you have been using If you are not sure how to do this consult the user s manual for your communication program c H itis connected through a pair of asynchronous modems like the Apple Modems tell the modem connected to your Apple computer to hang up the modem at the other end will then disconnect itself from your Appleline 33 If you have been working with the mainframe and want to switch to your Appleline s supervisor program log the mainframe first and then press ESCAPE and then hold down CONTROL and press Z Your Appleline will display the message Appleline User Logged OFF but will not discontinue communication Twenty seconds later it will automatically return to the start of its log on sequence At this point you can log back on the Appleline with the supervisor password Subsequent Demonstrations of Appleline Assuming the default parameters have been defined subsequent use of Appleline does not require resetting the parameters Therefore when Appleline receives power the user will be prompted to enter the password Enter the user
71. ntelligent terminal which has full stand alone computing capabilities is very attractive to IBM 3270 Network users You will sometimes encounter an older class of 3270 devices which are represented by the 3271 and 3272 cluster controllers and 3277 terminals These are now not nearly as common as the newer 3274 and 3276 cluster controllers and 3278 and 3279 terminals You should note that a 3274 controller can support both newer 3278 3279 terminals and older 3277 terminals 3276 controllers do not support 3277 s The 3274 accomplishes this through the use of terminal adapters adapters work with 3278 s and 3279 and Type adapters work with 327775 You will often hear the terms BSC SNA SDLC applied to a 3270 environment These are software protocols one or the other being used for the transmission of data through a given 3270 Network BSC which stands for Binary Synchronous Communications often called bi synch is an older protocol but remains popular SNA SDLC which stands for System Network Architecture Synchronous Data Link Control often called just SNA or SDLC is more powerful but also much more expensive These protocols differ substantially at points in the network However the protocol used between a cluster controller and a 3278 or 3279 terminal is essentially the same in the BSC and SNA SDLC environments Protocols and Protocol Converters Protocols are established rules governing communications Whenever
72. ntroller A type of communications control unit whose operations are controlled by a program stored and executed in the unit Examples are the IBM 3704 and 3705 Communication Controllers Computerized Branch Exchange CBX A telephone switch that controlled by a computer Computerized in house telephone system Concentrator An electronic device which interfaces in a store and forward mode with multiple low speed communication lines at a message level and then retransmits those messages via one or more high speed communications lines to a processing site Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph CCITT This United Nations group is currently setting up worldwide communication standards Contention Competition by users for the use of the same communications facilities a method of line control in which terminals request or bid to transmit If the channel is not free the terminals must wait until the channel is free Control Character A coded character which does not print but initiates some kind of machine function such as a carrier return Conversational Monitor System CMS A component of VM 370 which provides a high performance interactive computing system suitable for general problem solving and program development and which can serve as a base for interactive applications Customer Information Control System CICS An IBM data base data communication DB DC program product that pr
73. olumns and rows blank 5x5 matrix in order to paste the data successfully The formulas must be put into the model in advance so that the calculations will be performed as the numbers are pasted Create a Macterminal document using the settings outlined in figures 7 amp 8 Make your connection to the IBM mainframe following the instructions for demonstrating Appleline or ACC depending on which one your using If you are using TSO Type TSO Type your user ID Type your password Type ISPF Type your demo data set name Select the numbers you want copied 5x5 matrix Select COPY TABLE Use the menu keypad PF keys to back out of ISPF Stress the importance of the user interface and ease of use The keypad feature is unique to Macterminal Logoff of TSO Quit Macterminal Open Multiplan model Select 5x5 matrix Paste numbers columns are automatically formatted when copying from mainframe to Macterminal Change a number or two to show the ability to calculate the pasted data set 4 Demonstrating LisaTerminal in the 3270 Environment The most important aspects to demonstrate on Lisa are the multiple window multiple session capability as well as the ease of use and integration capability Lisaterminal does not have PF keys on the menu therefore emphasize the above features Create a LisaTerminal document and set the parameters as outlined in Figure 6 Create a Lisacalc document and add the same titles and formula
74. or on the back of your Apple computer The Appleline is still connected to the IBM 3274 76 controller via coax cable the same way it was described above For instructions on operating the Apple Modem 300 1200 consult the appropriate manual Once the installation of the modems is complete the rest of the set up 15 the same as in local connect eliminating step 3 of installation procedures 7 Atthis point there are a few avenues to take we will make the assumption the Appleline has never been used and therefore there are two procedures which must be performed These are a Sending the autobaud message b Using the supervisor program Once this has been done it is not necessary to do it again Power on the Appleline switch is located on right side switch to 1 Initially the red green and yellow LED s on front all blink The red LED then goes out Finally the yellow and green blink alternately Appleline has gone through its self test sucessfully 8 a Press the BREAK key labeled ENTER to the right of the space bar then press the RETURN key This is the autobaud message b Your Appleline will respond by displaying an identification line across the top of your screen followed by this message Press RETURN to begin log on sequence 9 a Press RETURN Your Appleline will reply with this prompting Enter Password b Type APPLES and press RETURN This is the default password to the Appleline s supervisor program Your Appl
75. ovides an interface between the operating system access methods and applications programs to allow remote or local display terminal interaction with the data base in the central processor Different versions include Time Management facilities and support for bisync dial up PL 1 support and expanded data base control items such as file browsing dynamic file open and close Converter A device capable of converting impulses from one mode to another such as analog to digital or parallel to serial or from one code to another Cyclic Redundancy Check A powerful error detection technique Using a polynomial a series of two 8 bit block check characters are generated that represent the entire block of data The block check characters are incorporated into the transmission frame then checked at the receiving end Data Any type of information such as numbers letters or symbols that can be processed by a computer Data Access Arrangement DAA A telephone switching system protective device used to attach non telephone company manufactured equipment to the carrier network 61 Data Communication Equipment DCE The equipment installed at the user s premises which provides all the functions required to establish maintain and terminate a connection the signal conversion and coding between the data terminal equipment and the common carrier s line e g data set modem Data Communications A broad term covering any e
76. password If the password 1s acknowledged by Appleline communication with the mainframe is established Problems During and After Installation If you have any problems with Appleline in bringing it up during and after installation there are a few things to be aware of Baud Rates 1 Ifa line of garbage appears on the screen the baud rates on Appleline and the terminal emulator do not match Solution Appleline will autobaud by pressing the break key for several seconds and then hitting the enter key If it doesn t work the first time try again Framing Error 2 Again the baud rates do not match Try autobauding first If this does not work reset Appleline with the loopback plug comes with the Appleline This will set the baud rate to 4800 Set the terminal software to 4800 and try connection again Following is the procedure for using the loopback plug a Turn your Appleline s power switch to OFF b Unplug its connection to your apple computer c Replace the plug that went to your Apple with the loop back plug d Turn the power switch ON e Your Appleline s yellow light should blink slowly to indicate that it is OK Errors on the Mainframe After the connection is made you may still have problems talking to the mainframe Some common problems are X 29090 Appears on the status line the keyboard is locked Solution The port you re hooked up to is not gen d for a 3278 mod 2 with typewriter keyboard Th
77. pe Subsystem Printers Display Stations Programmable Communications Subsystem Desktop Computer Desktop Computer IBM PC IBM PC XT Printer Model 3 Daisy wheel printer Line Printers up to 300 Printer Printers Model 1 140 lpm Model 2 240 Printers Model 1 280 1 Model 2 400 lpm Model 3 490 lpm Model 4 560 1 Time Entry Station Data Entry Station 11 Display Station 12 Cluster Controller display terminal Dual Display Station 5256 5280 550 5500 550 5520 564 574 5798 6670 7426 7850 81XX 9000 Printers Model 1 40cps Model 2 80 cps Model 3 120 cps Distributed Data System Workstation Controller Modem 1200 bps Nonswitched Modem 1200 bps Switched Administrative System Modem 2400 bps Modem 4800 bps RHE System 38 Front End Processor Software Information Distributor Terminal Interface Unit Protocol Converter Teletypewriter Adpater Distributed processing computer series 8130 8140 8150 Instrumentation System 68000 Xenix 72 Reading List Synchronous Products ComputerWorld Newsweekly CW Communications Box 880 Cochituate Road Framingham MA 01701 Data Communications McGraw Hill 1221 Avenue of the Americas New York NY 10020 Data Decisions 20 Brace Road Cherry Hill NJ 08034 Data Communications a users guide Kenneth Sherman Reston 1981 Data Communciations For Microcomputers Nichols Nichols Musson McGraw Hill
78. r transmission Baud A measure of data rate often used to denote bits per second A baud is equal to the number of discrete conditions or signal events per second There is disagreement over the appropriate use of this word since at speeds above the 2400bps the baud rate does not equal the data rate in bits per second Balanced Circuit A circuit terminated by a network whose impedance balances the impedance of the line so that the return losses are negligible Baseband The frequency band occupied by information bearing signals before they are combined with a carrier in the modulation process Basic Telecommunications Access Method BTAM An access method that permits read write communications with remote devices Batch Processing A technique of data processing in which jobs are collected and grouped before processing Data is collected over a period of time and then submitted to the host machine for processing Batched Job A job that is grouped with other jobs as part of an input stream to a a computer system Binary A numbering system using 2 as its base and only the symbols O and 1 It is especially well adapted to computer use since and 1 can be represented as on and off or negative charges and positive charges The binary digits appear in strings of O s and l s Most computers do their calculations in binary 59 Bit The commonly used abbreviation for binary digit A bit is the smallest unit o
79. r of their originating terminal Multiple terminals on one communication line for example must have unique addresses Telegraph messages reaching a switching center carry an address before their text to indicate the destination of the message Advanced Communications Function Telecommunications Access Method ACF TCAM A high level access method which supports a large selection of terminal BSC S S Local Attachment and SDLC and offers support for most MVS and 51 applications 58 Advanced Communications Function Virtual Telecommunications Access Method ACF VTAM Provides an operating system for the network Its functions are analogous to the function of a host operating system in terms of resource sharing and logical handling of user requests Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol ADDCP A communications protocol endorsed by the American National Standards Institute It is a bit oriented protocol Advanced Program to Program Communication APPC American National Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII 1 A coded character set consisting of 7 bit coded characters 8 bits including parity check used for information interchange among data processing systems data communication Systems and associated equipment The ASCII set consists of alphanumeric characters control characters and graphic characters 2 A wide ly used asynchronous protocol based on ASCII code Analog Referring
80. r the communication between the Apple and Appleline B Modify the communications parameters stored in Appleline for the communication between the Apple and Appleline C Change the default passwords supervisor or any of 4 user D Log off the supervisor program E Log off the supervisor and return to Appleline screen Select option A to make sure the default settings meet with your requirements If the default settings do not match your needs select option B and run through all of the currently stored options by pressing return to accept or by selecting the proper option and then pressing return to accept Refer to the Appleline User s Manual Chapter 3 part 1 for specific information about Appleline parameter definitions 9 Atthis point you can make selection E and log on to Appleline and begin demonstration Demonstrating Appleline 1 Press RETURN to begin log on sequence Appleline responds by asking for your password Enter password 2 Type your user password If no special password has been established through the supervisor program you can use any of the 4 provided by the default settings of Appleline they are APPLEI APPLE2 APPLE3 APPLE4 3 When the Appleline recognizes your password the screen will go blank and then a new message will appear on it transmitted from the IBM mainframe NOTE If the Appleline does not recognize your password it will ask to enter it again After 3 attempts the Applelin
81. rdware requires you to take off the cover of the ACC and set quite a few switchs etc The ACC manual diagrams the internals very well NOTE If you will always be demoing your own ACC via a timesharing network to which you have subscribed you need only set up the ACC once to meet that system s requirements Installation Steps 1 Place the in its operating position Make sure that all the cables you are planning to use can reach the rear of the unit 2 Connect the cable coming from the IBM front end processor either directly or through synchronous modem to the SNA SDLC or BSC port on the rear of the ACC 3 Ifyou are planning to use an asynchronous modem to connect either printers or Apple computers to the ACC make sure that the modem is set as follows Orginate mode Full duplex Speed set to match the printer or computer 4 Connect the cables coming from your Apple computers printers or modems to the asynchronous ports Secure the cable connectors to the ACC NOTE There is no need for modem eliminator cables in this set up 5 Make sure that the POWER switch is turned OFF Then plug the power cord into the connector marked 115 VAC 60 HZ at the rear of the ACC Plug the other end of the cord into the wall outlet 6 Setup terminal software Refer to the diagrams for the terminal set up modes The only variation may be the baud rate used The location of your ACC and the recipient baud rate will determine the
82. requency modulation FM A method of transmission whereby the frequency of the carrier wave is changed to correspond to changes in the wave signal Frequency shift keying FSK A method of frequency modulation in which frequency is made to vary at significant instants by smooth as well as abrupt transitions Front end An auxiliary computer system which performs network control operatons relieving the host computer system to do data processing Full full duplex A protocol which when operating on a multidrop line is capable of transmitting from the master location to one of the slave sites and at the same time the master location can receive a transmission from a different slave site on the same line Front end Processor A communications processor to regulate the flow of information between the host computer and other elements of a communications system Full full duplex A protocol which when operating on a multidrop line is capable of transmitting from the master location to one of the slave sites and at the same time the master location can receive a transmission from a different slave site on the same line Front end Processor A communications processor to regulate the flow of information between the hostcomputer and other elements of a communications system Full duplex Pertaining to the capability to transmit in two directions simultaneously Geosynchronous A communications satellite orbit at the
83. ro Inverted NRZI Non Switched Lines A communications link which is permanently installed between two points Off Hook Activated in regard to a telephone set By extension a data set automatically answering on a public switched system is said to go off hook On line System A data communications system associated with a computer which processes data as it is received by the computer Open System Interaction 051 Layered data communication model or architecture developed by the International Standards Organization Operating System Virtual Storage 2 0S VS2 A compatible extension of the IBM System 360 Operating System that supports relocation hardware and the extended control facilities of System 370 OS Disk Operating System Virtual Storage Extended 0S DOS VSE Partitioned Emulation Program PEP Packet Assembler Disassembler PAD A software module that receives characters from terminals assembles them into packets and sends them down the line The receiving end disassembles the packets and sends the characters to the terminal Packet Switching A data transmission technique in which a long message is broken into smaller units called packets These packets can be individually addressed and routed throughout the network using several different routes The receiving end node ascertains that all packets are received and in the proper sequence before forwarding the complete message to the addressee
84. rters Chapter 8 APPLELINE APPLE COMPUTER APPLELINE ne DL I BM 3274 76 APPLELINE AWAY FROM APPLE COMPUTER Figure 5 51 LISA AND MAC EQUIVALENTS FOR 3278 2 USING IBM LISA IBM LISA ATTENTION ENTER PF24 TILDE ENTER RETURN PA1 TILOE PF1 TILDE 1 2 TILDE PF2 TILDE PA3 TILDE PF3 TILDE BEER D 7 sre e PF6 DUPLICATE command 8 HORIZ B ERASE INPUT 12 INSERT MODE command En de 8 e Figure 6 52 AND LISA KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS FOR 3278 2 USING APPLELINE IBM KEYS DUP FIELD MARK 2 1 2 PFS 7 9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 APPLE KEYSTROKES CONTROL u CONTROL ESCAPE ESCAPE 1 ESCAPE ESCAPE ESCAPE ESCAPE ESCAPE m ESCAPE ESCAPE ESCAPE 9 ESCAPE 33803888 5 5 5 5 ESCAPE ESCAPE EJ E9 1 C3 85 9 3 8 E3 9 ELF 63 9 8 3 8 RB m 5 5 5 5 IBM KEYS PF22 PF23 24 NEW LINE TAB BACK TAB HOME LEFT CURSOR RIGHT CURSOR UP CURSOR DOWN CURSOR ATTN SYS REQ CURSR SEL CLEAR ERASE INPUT ERASE EOF PRINT IDENT TEST R
85. s GA 30092 404 448 1400 Protco Converters Elcom Systems Peripherals 439 Harrision Street Suite Corona CA 91720 714 734 8220 Protocol Converters Fibronics International Inc 218 W Main Street Hyannis MA 02601 617 778 0700 Forte Data Systems 1500 Norman Avenue Santa Clara CA 95050 408 980 1750 800 233 3278 Protocol Converters Gateway Communications Inc 16782 Redhill Ave Irvine CA 92714 714 261 0762 General Electric Information Services Company GEISCO 401 North Washington Street Rockville MD 20850 Value Added Network with 3270 emulation GTE Spacenet Corporation 1700 Old Meadow Road McLean VA 22102 703 790 7700 Value Added Network with 3270 emulation IBM National Accounts Division 1133 Westchester Avenue White Plains NY 10601 3270 Systems IBM National Marketing Division 4111 Northside Parkway P O Box 2150 Atlanta GA 30055 3270 Systems IBM Entry Systems Division P O Box 1328 Boca Raton FL 33432 3270 Systems IDEAssociates Inc 7 Oak Park Drive Bedford MA 01730 Protocol Converters for IBM PC Informer Computer Terminals Inc 22936 Mill Creek Road Laguna Hills CA 92653 3270 Terminals InteCom Inc 601 InteCom Drive Allen TX 75002 214 727 9141 PBX with built in 3270 emulation ITT Courier 1515 West 114th Street Tempe AZ 800 528 1400 3270 Terminals IBM PC work alikes JBM Electronics 6020 N Lindbergh Blvd St Louis Missouri 63042 Le
86. s Products Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 son Communications Market Overview The 3 Worlds of Communications Figure 1 Introduction to Data Communications The IBM Big Picture Figure 2 A Brief Introduction to the IBM 3270 World Protocols and Protocol Converters Customer Requirements Apple Personal Computers as Terminals Terminal Types Apple Synchronous Products Overview Apple Solutions Figure 3 AppleLine Apple Cluster Controllers Qualifying the Prospect Selling Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller How to Demonstrate the Products Communications Software Products Ls ii Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Competitive Product Listing A di PPEDGIES ua Figures 5 10 Glossary Reading List IBM by the Numbers iii Introduction Purpose of the Sales and Reference Guide on Synchronous Communications Products The purpose of this selling guide is to quickly familiarize an Apple Authorized Dealer or Salesperson with the Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller products This guide will also explain the concepts of terminal emulation and protocol conversion Furthermore it will serve as a useful reference source and provide background material for seminars and demonstrations A glossary of data communications terminology is provided at the back of this guide I
87. s to fit the data set from the mainframe Connect to the mainframe using the instructions on demonstrating appleline or ACC depending on which one your using Access the data set which you have stored on the mainframe in the same manner indicated for MacTerminal LisaTerminal requires you to set tab stops in between columns on the mainframe before copying the data set to be pasted into multiplan Follow instructions in the Lisaterminal manual on copying numbers from mainframe to Lisaterminal Copy the data set using the copy command on Lisa Open the LisaCalc model which you have previously set up Select the upper left cell contained in your matrix Paste the copied numbers into the model 42 Chapter 6 COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE PRODUCTS The Desktop to Database Dating Decision or The Micro to Mainframe Software Marriage Typical uses of corporate databases exist in the accounting design and engineering distribution manufacturing sales and marketing research and development and service departments When considering software for the micro to mainframe marriage people should consider those packages that are easy to use by non technical personnel this software should not require a programmer analyst to operate it Here are a few Important areas of software consideration o Access to corporate databases Ability to do file transfers and extract partial reports Upload and download screens of information View and change informa
88. standards Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE Job Entry Subsystem JES A system facility for spooling job queuing and managing 1 0 under MVS Leased Line Private Line Dedicated Line A communications line for voice and or data leased from a communcations carrier on a monthly basis Limited Distance Modem A short haul modem or line driver that operates over a limited distance Some limited distance modems operate at higher speeds than modems that are designed for use over analog telephone facilities since line conditions can be better controlled Line Driver An alternative device to a modem when trans mitting via EIA cable over short distances e g a few hundred feet The line driver amplifies the signal and reshapes distorted pulses Line Hit A disturbance causing a detectable error on a communications line Line protocol A control program used to perform data communications functions over network lines Consists of both handshaking and line control functions which move the data between transmit and receive locations Local Area Network A user owned user operated high volume data transmission facility connecting a number of communicating devices computers terminals word processors printers mass storage units robots etc within a single building or campus of buildings Loop Current A teletypewriter to line interface and operating technique without modems 64
89. stomer has only a channel attached IBM controller you cannot disconnect their controller and hook up an the reason being that there 15 not channel cable connectors on the ACC If this is the case perhaps the solution is an Appleline Setting up the equipment for demo at customer site Equipment Needed 1 Apple Cluster Controller 2 RS232 cables one for each computer or printer hooked up 3 2 RJ 11 phone cords 4 Power cord 5 Terminal software the following list is recommended to be used with the various computers Lisa Lisaterminal Macintosh Macterminal Apple Access Apple Access There are three possible set ups for the ACC Deciding on Your Set Up Your next step is to decide how you are going to physically set up your ACC and Apple computers and or printers You need to think about where they will be located and how you will assign printers Device Location You can locate your ACC either in the same computer room as the IBM mainframe host to which it is connected or in a remote location The former set up permits the fastest communication with the IBM host You can connect your ACC to as many as seven Apple computers or six printers either directly or through individual asynchronous modems if you want to place your computers and or printers in remote locations These options give rise to three possible set ups The IBM mainframe host the ACC and the Apple computers and or printers can all
90. ters into families also called series The main memory size and processing power of different machines within a family may vary widely Significantly software written for one machine in a family can run with little or no modification on any other machine in the family This feature makes upgrading of computer systems within a family much more simple and cost effective It is this concept that catapulted IBM into its prominent market position in the mid 60 s In an IBM 3270 Terminal Network the host is a member of the IBM 370 303X 308X or 43XX family Note that the X s represent actual digits in model numbers of family members For instance the 43XX family includes among others 4331 and 4341 models As mentioned earlier the host communicates with terminals and printers through a network of controllers The type and arrangement of the controllers vary according to whether the controllers are handling local or remote terminals and printers Thus there exist two classes of terminal controllers local and remote Local controllers attach directly to a mainframe channel a channel is roughly analogous to a connector into the system bus on a microcomputer They are therefore often referred to as channel attached controllers Remote controllers as the name implies are located anywhere from few miles to several thousand miles away from the host computer site Remote terminal controllers are not managed directly by the host but are instead
91. ting of 8 bit coded characters EBCDIC is the usual code generated by synchronous IBM devices Facsimile FAX A system for the transmission of images The image is scanned at the transmitter recontructed at the receiving station and duplicated on some form of paper Federal Communication Commission FCC A board of commissioners empowered to regulate all interstate communications between the U S and abroad Foreign Exchange Service FEX A service that connects a customer s telephone to a remote exchange This service provides the equivalent of local telephone service to and from the distant exchange 63 Forward error correction FEC The technique which provides for the transmittal of additional information with the original bit stream such that if an error is detected the correct information can be recreated at the receiving end without a retransmission Four wire Channel Provision of two wire pairs or logical equivalent for simultaneous two way transmission Four wire Circuits Indicates the capability of the switching system to accomodate connections to special 4 wire circuits Framing bits In data transmission noninformation carrying bits used to make posssible the separation of characters in a bit stream Synonymous with sync bits Frequency division multiplexing FMD Division of the available transmission frequency range into narrower bands eachof which is used for separate channels F
92. tion as needed o Accuracy Integrity Security and Reliability of Information Systematic backup of information Passwords to restrict access to people with a need to know Error checking built into hardware and software o Auditibility being able to trace transactions from input to update to output o Application Software on the Mainframe and on the Micro Accounting A P A R G L Payroll Inventory Communications Text File Transfer Graphics Transfer Databases Mainframe IDB IMS DB IDMS R Nomad Ramis Micro dBase DB Master QuickFile Decision Support Software Financial Modeling SAS ETS econometric amp modeling software DSS F Graphics Packages Mainframe SAS Graph Micro MacPaint LisaDraw 43 Integrated software packages for multiple use applications Appleworks from Apple Computer Lotus 1 2 3 and Symphony Framework from Ashton Tate 3 EZ Pieces from Haba Systems Spreadsheets Mainframe IFPS Micro Visicalc Supercalc Multiplan Statistics BMDP SPSS Statpro Specialized and Vertical Market Medical Insurance Banking Construction Legal Wordprocessing Applewriter from Apple Wordstar from Micropro Microsoft Word Appleworks 3 EZ Pieces from Apple and Haba Systems o Cost controls governing software purchase should be put in place o Documentation that is easy to read and comprehensive is a must o Operating Environment on Mainframe and on Micro Mainframes and Minis CICS CMS TSO OS DOS VS
93. tions system consisting of one or more terminals communicating with a single host computer system which acts as the network control component through internal programming or perhaps through a front end processor The chief characteristic of a network is the single controlling host computer system which may include multiple processors The general use of the word network to mean a collection of interconnected components is no longer precise just as the word system no longer carries the connotation of close proximity of components Network Address In SNA the address consisting of subarea and element subfields that uniquely identifies a link or the location of a network addressable unit The conversion from a local address to a network address or vice versa is accomplished as part of the boundary function in the node attached to a cluster controller node or a terminal node Network Control Program NCP Resides in the 3705 Communications Controller and provides the physical management of the communicaton network Its main function is to control attached lines and terminals perform error recovery and route data through the network communicates with the host through VTAM EXTM ACP TCAM or through another NCP Network Terminal Option NTO A software protocol converter that resides in the front end processor Non Return To Zero NRZ Pertains to both magnetic recording and communications Non Return To Ze
94. transmission to identify the beginning and end of characters and thus is faster and more effi cient than asynchronous transmission The timing achieved by transmitting sync characters prior to data usually synchronization can be achieved in two or three characters times 67 Synchronous Communications Binary A set of operating procedures for synchronous transmission used in IBM teleprocessing net works With BISYNC some system batch terminals automatically perform error checking on all incoming data and request retransmission of a message whenever it is not received exactly as sent As a transmitting terminal the system automatically retransmits messages when they are not accurately received by the remote station Because of the reliability of data transmissions using binary synchronous methods it becomes economical to collect and store large amounts of data at the processor using either cassettes or a mass memory subsystem and to later transmit the data to computers or terminals including other systems Synchronous Data Link Control SDLC An IBM communications line discipline or proto col associated with SNA In contrast to BSC SDLC provides for full duplex transmissions and is more efficient Synchronous Transmission A mode of data communcations by which the bit stream and character stream are slaved to accurately synchronized clocks at the receiving and transmitting stations Start and stop pulses are not req
95. ts l 2 4 5 Will the ACC be connected to the Apple computer printer directly or through a modem Do you want to set the port to autospeed Automatic speed detection Autospeed allows the incoming data to set the speed of the ACC port It is used when a port is connected to a modem whose data rate may change usually between 300 and 1200 bps At what speed will the port be operating This speed can be 300 1200 2400 4800 or 9600 bps however if a port is set to autospeed then it must be set to 1200 bps Will a printer be connected to the port If so what is the delay requirement of the printer This delay allows time for the paper and the print head to move after a carriage return or a line feed This information should be provided in the table of specifications in your printer manual If you connect more than one printer to your ACC answer this question for the printer requiring the shortest delay 37 Configuring The Hardware Once you and your customer have determined the configuration requirements you must configure the ACC hardware itself to meet your specifications Ideally the hardware configuration itself should be done before the day of the demo The set up is not difficult but it looks a little messy therefore you may want to spare the customer from this task Refer to the Cluster Controller User s Manual A9L0301 Part 1 Reference pages 16 23 for the details on the ACC configuration Configuring the ha
96. two pieces of equipment are connected together certain rules must be preset in order for communications to take place Transmission speed how to verify connection the organization of one s and zero s to identify characters which characters are control characters and which are data and so forth are just a few of these rules Therefore a protocol provides a method for the orderly and efficient exchange of data by establishing rules for the proper interpretation of controls ASCII asynchronous communications are one type of protocol and EBCDIC synchronous BSC and SNA SDLC are other types of protocols Some of the key tasks of a communications protocol are Specify the Code Set i e 5 or EBCDIC e Specify Data Format Asynchronous or Synchronous Full or Half Duplex Initiate and Verify a Communications Connection e Identifv Persons or Equipment on Each End Establish Order of Transmission and Precedence Handle Error Situations and Re transmissions The purpose of a protocol converter is to change from one protocol to another From ASCII to EBCDIC from Asynchronous to Synchronous and from the control functions of environment to that of another It is hoped that this discussion has provided you with sufficient background to enhance your Appleline and Apple Cluster Controller sales efforts with the IBM 3270 user For more detailed information you can refer to the information given in Chapter 8 Parity Start
97. uired with each character System An organized collection of parts or pro cedures united by regulated interaction and interconnected to perform a function Systems Network Architecture SNA The total description of the logical structure formats protocols and operational sequences for transmitting information units through the communication system Communication system functions are separated into three discrete areas the application layer the function management layer and the transmission subsystem layer The structure of SNA allows the ultimate origins and destinations of information that is the end users to be independent of and unaffected by the specific communication system services and facilities used for information exchange System Generation SYSGEN The process of using an operating system to assemble and link together all of the parts that constitute another operating system Tariff The published rate for a specific unit of equip ment facility or type of service provided by a communications common carrier Also the vehicle by which the regulating agencies approve or disapprove such facilities or services Thus the tariff becomes a contract between customer and common carrier Telecommunications Transmission of electrical signals over long distances such as by radio telegraph or telephone lines Teleprocessing A communications system combining two tech nologies data processing and teleco
98. umber in response to this prompt this command is for dial up mode 39 5 If you are communicating from the ACC to the front end via synchronous modem you must establish communication at this time Sync modem set up plug modem to line set switch on front plate to talk phone line goes to connector on back of modem labeled DIAL LINE plug phone into connector labeled TEL SET on back of modem power on modem and check for dial tone 6 Dial phone number if using modem When you hear tone set modem front plate switch to NORMAL mode 7 Atthis point you should get the host s banner screen transmitted to your computer 8 Your Apple computer 15 now an IBM 3278 terminal If you are logged on to the customer s system you should allow the customer to experiment using his her own system Special IBM Keys Refer to Figure 11 for the appropriate Lisa and Mac 3278 2 keyboard equivalents when using the ACC Refer to the Apple Cluster Controller User s Manual for greater detail on the use of the ACC Using Timesharing Services for Demos Following is a partial list of timesharing services to which you can subscribe in order to demonstrate the Apple Cluster Controller and Appleline Boeing Computer Services Litton Mellonics Electronic Data Systems EDS The greatest advantage to using a timeshare service is that you can control the demo to a greater extent However it is more believable to the customer if he can tie into his her ex
99. xchange of infor mation between computers or similar systems over telephone lines Data Compression A technique that saves storage space by eliminating gaps empty fields redundancies or unnecessary data to shorten the length of records or blocks For data transmission a byte string of data is transmitted as a count plus a string value Data Integrity A performance measure based on the rate of undetected errors See also integrity Data Language I DL I Used for reducing application program and file maintenance while allowing more sharing of data by multiple programs and users Data Link The physical connection and the connection protocols between units that exchange data over a communication line Dataphone Digital Service DDS An AT amp T leased line service offering digital transmission at speeds ranging from 2400 bps to 1 544 bps Data Terminal Data processing equipment that is used for collection use or transfer of data Data Terminal Equipment DTE Equipment comprising the data source the data sink or both that provides for the nication control function protocol Data termination equipment is actually any piece of equipment at which a communications path begins or ends Decibel dB Power level measurment unit 1 10 Bel Demodulation The opposite of modulation the conversion of a signal from analog to its original e g digital form Dial up Line A communications cir

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