User Manual Mathcad, SPICE
Contents
1. all variables F P V1 V vin gt Add gt lt Remove lt Edit expression Add expression Filter unselected variables Filter selected variables More options Add device model parameter 4 Show all device parameters at end of simulation in the audit trail Delete sel variable Select variables to save OK Cancel Help Figure 9 Specifying the output 12 Grapher View fel x File Edit View Graph Trace Cursor Legend Tools Help 2 glx te ele ua lr A4 1q q 4 92 8 A 2 PE AC Analysis Black background hw AC Analysis Magnitude 10 46 280820 280 0 1 0k 46k 280k 1 0M 100M 1000M 10G 10 0G Frequency HZ 10 46 280820 280 0 1 0k 46k 28 0k 1 0M 100M 1000M 10G 10 0G Frequency HZ ISelerted Nianram AC Analvcic Figure 10 Simulation of circuit Note In some cases the axis will need to be change to properly fit the graph You can do so by double clicking on the axis and changing the min and max range 9 One last thing to do is to place a picture of yourself and a title next to your circuit Both can be done by clicking on Place at the top of the screen and going Graphics then picture for image and Title Block for title and selecting example3 tb7 Note Every homework assignment will need to be a in PDF form To do so click File then Print then change the name to Adobe PDF and save where it can be found Do the same thing for the Graph2. 13 Place MCU Simulate Transfer Tools Reports Options Window Help Component Criw El 35 Q n use List 4 Junction colt FR S Ti ulm Wire Ctrl Shift w J Bus Ctrl U Connectors d New hierarchical block Ta Hierarchical block from file Ctrl H Replace by hierarchical block Ctrl Shift H New subcircuit Ctrl B Replace by subcircuit Ctrl Shift B New PLD subcircuit New PLD hierarchical block Multi page L EN A Text o N ime chaste Title block E A tp id O Rectangle ve eT DEST rT AA O Ellipse Ctrl Shift E gt Arc Ctrl Shift A day July 04 2014 4 06 10 PM 5 lt Polygon Ctrl Shift G JA Picture Figure 11 Adding Graphics and Title block Labs Completing the homework assignment before the lab can be very helpful and less stressful since the circuit will be created in the lab The graph obtained in the homework can be used to compare the graph obtained in the labs to verify if the circuit built is correct This will make the lab run a lot smoother and quicker considering the lab takes a long time to complete In some homework assignments it will ask you to design a circuit based on your birthday which will be converted to a frequency The circuits wont have to be created out of thin air as the professor will provide the circuit in his lecture notes on his webpage The circuits will also be provided in the lab manual along with the formulas needed to determine the values of t
3. H 8A 7 BB oo 3 E ANET A O edjez ess B il e ee De e li gt AUTO Num Pagel 4 Press F1 for help Figure 24 Mathcad window 2 Type out all the component values given in the homework To do this just click anywhere on the screen and start typing Try to type the variables out neatly For example to write the value of resistor 1 say R1 shift colon for equals 47k To get the units there is a toolbar shown in figure 25 that will provide everything to make this easier fi 2 lt F 3 op Figure 25 Toolbar 22 Note Appendix B further defines what each of those buttons do Tip To learn what a button on any toolbar does let the mouse pointer rest on the button momentarily A Mathcad hwimathcad IOJ X dal File Edit View Insert Format Tools Symbolics Window Help 8 x D HShe nco Ts p BOO f100 z e E as Summer 2014 Homework No 1 Transfer Function Mathcad 3 9 Ri 47KQ R 62K0 ka mH L 2H Figure 26 Inputting component values 3 Input the equations calculated from doing the homework the professor will also provide most of theses equations You will just need to simplify Important Make sure the equations are entered in a correct manner Mathcad is picky when it comes to importance of equations In figure 27 two of the equations show a red undefined variable This means that Mathcad cannot find that variable
4. because it is not defined in order The defined variable must be placed above the two equations that have a red variable in order for no error to occur 23 Mathcad hwimathcad Afe x il File Edit View Insert Format Tools Symbolics Window Help IES O H 6Q SBloo YPS Summer 2014 Homework No 1 Transfer Function Al Mathcad Ti R 47KQ R 62K aa Les AL 2 j y L L 2 1 k TZ Li L R 1 i f 1 1 mek miT 435 228 Hz fz 2 493 x 10 Hz 1 27 j f Tp 2 Tp 2 T TZ L R LR LR LR n l R R Figure 27 Incorrect way to defining variables rs Summer 2014 Homework No 1 Transfer Function Mathcad Ri 47K R 6 2K1 La 3mH L 2H j Ja i L LR L R L R L R k TZ Tp L L R R j f 1 1 Tf tees 435 228 Hz fa 2 493 x 10 Hz 1 2m j f Tp 2 Tp 2 TZ Figure 28 Correct way to define variables 4 Determine the frequency start frequency stop and number of points to your preference These numbers can be changed around according to how the professor wants the graphs to look refer to lecture notes The homework also asks to create a bode plot and magnitude in dB and phase in degrees These equations can be found in the lecture notes 24 5 The final look should resemble Fig 29 A Mathcad hwimathcad dul File Edit View Insert Format Tools Symbolics Window Help IES D 2 H 8Q7 BB oo T 652 Be0 Summer
5. homework assignment from labeling to determining what the output of the graph should look like User Interface The user interface provides brief background information about what each software is and what it does Multisim Interface Multisim is the schematic capture and simulation application of National Instruments Circuit Design Suite a suite of EDA Electronics Design Automation tools that assists you in carrying out the major steps in the circuit design flow Multisim is designed for schematic entry simulation and feeding to downstage steps such as PCB layout 1 LTSpice Interface LTspice is Linear Technology Corporation s switch mode power supply synthesis and analog circuit simulation software 2 LTspice IV is intended to be used as a general purpose schematic capture program with an integrated SPICE simulator The idea is you draw a circuit or start with an example circuit that s already drafted and observe its operation in the simulator The design process involves iterating the circuit until the desired circuit behavior is achieved in simulation 2 TECHNOLOGY Figure 2 LTspice 2 Mathcad Interface Mathcad is the industry standard calculation software for technical professionals educators and college students Mathcad is as versatile and powerful as programming languages yet it s as easy to learn as a spreadsheet 3 Mathcad lets you type equations as you re used to seeing them expanded
6. 2014 Homework No 1 Transfer Function Mathcad Ri 47KQ R 62KQ La mE L 2H j L L L R L R gt L R LR k TZ Tp MMMM L L R R R 1 27j f 1 1 Tf e AAA po 435 228 Hz fz 2 493 x 10 Hz 1 2m j f Tp 2 Tp 2 T TZ fstart 10 Hz fstop 100KHz N 1024 i 0 N 1 180 are T f isto Y No M 20 108 T o AE stop f fstart j fstart b A Press F1 for help AUTO NUM Page 1 A Figure 29 Final design in Mathcad 6 To graph go to the top Insert and X Y plot It will open up a blank graph Specify the variables that need to be graphed First double click on the graph to change the units to log 25 A Mathcad hwimathcad P a E3 il File Edit View Insert Format Tools Symbolics Window Help 8 x AO ee oe AR P to Ctl 7 13 Matrix cim ____fo aru les S H lt x V Function Ctri E 8 Surface Plot Ctri 2 EP Unit Ctrl U KE Contour Plot Ctri 5 Picture Ctrl T 3h 3D Scatter Plot Page Break Ctrl 55 Vector Field Plot 10 1x10 1x10 ESS AAA AAA E Math Region Ctrl4 Shift 4 Plot Wizard Text Region p ZP Component Data gt Control gt BS Hyperlink Ctri4k d Figure 30 Graphing in Mathcad 7 Figure 31 shows the blank graph The small boxes can be clicked on to change to the variable needed to be graphed Click on the middle black square on the x axis to define it as well on the y axis Figure 32 shows M fi vs fi
7. A User s Manual to Multisim LTSpice and Mathcad for Electrical and Analog Electronic Circuits 3043 Georgia College of Tech Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hiren Patel School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Table of Contents Tes TER OCUICEION A eevee 3 ZAUSEY TMUCK LAC ies iensashanedeitt nian tnd ladududioitne lara esace sated aeeaanteyeteareseidtia eden stiaeeenminlioue 4 21 MIS Interact 4 ZZ ATS PICS Intence oa 4 Za Maticad tera aid eta 5 SACHA pter le Mulas Is nodo ile 6 ALAS ca 14 BS ChapterZ TaD SPCC ilatina 15 GaGa peer o MINCI pista araceli 22 FAPPENdICES iS 28 TAA DOM OI Aa MUS Mi lalo iaondis 28 7 2 APpendi B MACI dentiera n e 32 O ROTerences bi caretviatvaceninnscaceuesaciaLaunieeaed a N 34 Introduction Intended audience The purpose of this manual is to provide ECE 3043 students a quick and easy guide on how to use Multisim LTSpice and Mathcad to aid in their homework assignments and labs Non ECE students willing to learn new softwares can also benefit from this guide because it provides step by step instructions In ECE 3043 all of the homework assignments will be completed used Multisim LTSpice and Mathcad Getting started on the first homework assignment can be difficult if you are not familiar with the softwares This guide was created to help those struggling on getting started It will also provide helpful hints on each
8. For example in figure 14 the AC voltage source lies between 1 and 0 This means it starts at 0 and ends at 1 However always start from the node and end at the ground In the notepad write Vi 1 0 ac 1 AC 1 means it is a AC voltage source with 1kHz 1Vpk Untitled Notepad File Edit Format View Help Figure 15 Coding the circuit 6 Do the same for all the other components Once done the code should resemble Fig 16 with the component values being different ll Untitled Notepad 7 The next line starts with ac dec 10 10 100000k however the 100000k will be different for the circuit given in your homework In order it means the graph will be an AC Voltage Analysis as done in Multisim dec meaning decimal for units and number of points starting point and ending point 10 10 100000k The last value can be changed if wanting a better looking graph 17 Untitled Notepad ac dec 10 10 100000k Figure 17 Adding increments 8 The last two lines are prode and end Do not forget the period before these lines as well as the one in step 7 This will ensure that LT Spice will graph The prode is added because it tells LTSpice to create the result in a AC Simulation done in Multisim Some homework assignments will use DC or Transient Simulation it will be specified in the homework The last code end is just added so LTSpice knows where to end Untitled Notepad File Edit Format View Help Hiren
9. Patel vi10actl R1 1 2 47k ac dec 10 10 100000k probe end Figure 18 Final code 9 Last thing to do is to save it Save the file as a cir file because that is how LTSpice reads it Simply save it was HW1 cir and place it somewhere you can easily find it because it will be needed to open in LTSpice 10 Open LTSpice by going to Start and typing in LTSpice in the virtual lab It will open with a blank page shown in Fig 19 18 LTspice IV Brel ES File View Tools Help ASHIT Z0 2OOR EEEa BA AS LL9 243 YD YOO CHE A Figure 19 LTSpice start page 11 In LTSpice go to file at the top left and open the file you recently saved It will resemble Fig 20 Ej File Edit View Simulate Tools Windov Be l E P F 1 80 e Hiren Patel vi 1 6 ac 1 R1 1 2 47k L1 1 2 3m R2 2 O 6 2k L2 2 6 2 sac dec 16 16 166666k probe end Figure 20 File opened in LTSpice 12 Click on Simulate and Run or click on the symbol resembling a man running This will graph the code The output will need to be specified since the graph will appear blank at first 19 Hiren Patel vi 1 6 ac 1 R1 1 2 47k L1 1 2 3m R2 2 6 6 2k L2 2 02 ac dec 10 10 166666k probe end Figure 21 Blank graph in LTSpice 13 Right click on the graph and go down to Add Trace Only list traces matching a ds V Asterisks match colons Cancel Expression s to add m MV AutoRange Figure 22 Adding a
10. When this is done it will graph on its own The units and range of the graph can be changed by right clicking on the graph The same will be done for the phase shown in Fig 33 Figure 31 Blank graph in Mathcad 26 10 1x10 1x10 fi Figure 32 Defined black squares 20 N 40 Hfi 80 100 10 100 1x10 1x10 1x10 f Figure 33 Graphing phase 8 The last thing to do is to insert a picture of yourself anywhere on the software Make sure all of your variables and graphs are NOT passing the line to the right That is the cut off line when you print Congratulations on completing the first homework assignment These assignments can be long and tedious but with the help of this guide it should provide enough information needed to do well on future homework assignments and even some labs Good luck 27 Appendix A Multisim 28 Button Description New button Creates a new circuit file Open button Opens an existing circuit file Open Sample button Opens a folder containing sample and getting started files Save button Saves the active circuit Print Circuit button Prints the active circuit Print Preview button Previews the circuit as it will be printed Cut button Removes the selected elements and places them on the Windows clipboard Copy button Copies the selected elements and places them on the Windows clipboard Paste button Inserts the contents of the Windows clipb
11. fully on your screen 3 But Mathcad equations do much more than look good You can use them to solve just about any math problem you can think of symbolically or numerically You can place text anywhere around them to document your work You can show how they look with Mathcad s two and three dimensional plots You can even illustrate your work with graphics taken from another Windows application Plus Mathcad takes full advantage of Microsoft s OLE 2 object linking and embedding standard to work with other applications supporting drag and drop and in place activation as both client and server 3 Mathcad Figure 3 Mathcad 3 Chapter 1 Multisim Multisim is designed for schematic entry and simulation which is required for all of the homework assignments in ECE 3043 A quick tutorial will be provided for each assignment on how to get started In homework problem set 1 your circuit will look different from mine a circuit will be given to simulate a plot using Multisim The values of all the components will be given in problem 2 which will add later in the guide Figure 1 Circuit design In order to get started first navigate to the ECE 3043 webpage and click on virtual lab Once logged in go to START and type in Multisim Design1 Multisim Design1 ER Eile Edit View Place MCU Simulate Transfer Tools Reports Options Window Help e Figure 2 Multisim page Figure 2 shows how Multisim will open up T
12. he figures in Appendix A will help provide an introduction to the main buttons Take a minute to familiarize with this page and what each of the buttons do Procedure 1 To begin click on the place basic symbol button as shown in the Appendix figure under Component toolbar or click Place at the top of the screen then component Select a Component Ioj JE Database Symbol ANSI 7 Search Master Database Group WW Basic 10Line_Isolated Family 120V_AC_NC_RELAY_VIRTUAL Detail report 120V_AC_NO_RELAY VIRTUAL View model 120Y_AC_NONC_RELAY VIRTUAL 12V_AC _NC_RELAY VIRTUAL Help 12V_AC_NO_RELAY_VIRTUAL 12V_AC_NONC_RELAY_VIRTUAL IRB easic_vIRTUAL GBB RATED_VIRTUAL BR 2 _virTuAL fE RPACK National Instruments RPACK 2P55 Footprint manufacturer type Ultiboard SIL11 AF VARIABLE_CAPACITOR Components 285 Searching ter off A Figure 3 Components page 2 All Resistors Capacitors and Inductors will be from the RATED_VIRTUAL family Do not use the Resistor Capacitor and Inductor components shown in the figure above under family Place all necessary components by clicking and placing them on the page 3 The sources will be placed next On the same page click on the down arrow under group and select Sources Under Family click on SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES and click AC_VOLTAGE and also add the necessary number of grounds by clicking on POWER_SOURCES then GROUND Design M
13. he other components i e resistors inductors and capacitors As the labs become more complicated the circuits will become bigger Complete the homework before coming to lab to ensure a less stressful lab 14 Chapter 2 LTSpice Another software you will use is LTSpice to complete your homework assignments The idea is observe the circuit drawn in Multisim and observe it in the simulation The graph obtained here will be the same in Multisim In order to use LTSpice determine the nodes and where the components are in the circuit Procedure 1 To do so use the circuit in Multisim before the Vin and Vout were added This will make it easier to determine the nodes Figure 12 Circuit before the Vin Vout added 2 Click on Options at the top of the screen and under Net names check the show all button and hit apply then OK 15 Sheet Properties a lt lt 4 e Iw Iw Iv Figure 13 Numbering nodes 3 The circuit should resemble Fig 14 The nodes will be numbered making it easier to code LTSpice Applying this technique for the later more challenging homework assignments will be useful and quicker jen Figure 14 Circuit with nodes numbered 16 4 Next open up notepad This is where the code will be written to use in LTSpice The first line in the notepad should be your name 5 For the second and so forth lines look at where the nodes are numbered The nodes tell where the components lie
14. n Selects the Power component group in the browser Place Indicator button Selects the Indicator component group in the browser Figure 3 Components Toolbar 1 31 Appendix B Mathcad 32 Button 9 S es ba Se Li E Le Opens math toolbar Calculator Common arithmetic operators Graph Various two and three dimensional plot types and graph tools Matrix Matnx and vector operators Evaluation Equal signs for evaluation and definition Calculus Derivatives integrals limits and iterated sums and products Boolean Comparative and logical operators for Boolean expression Programming Programming constructs Mathcad Professional only Greek Greck letters Symbolic Symbolic keywords Figure 1 Functions of each symbol 3 33 References 1 NI Multisim User Manual Online http www ni com pdf manuals 374483d pdf July 10 2014 2 LTSpice Linear Technology Corporation http eas uccs edu wang ECE2205 su_13 LTspice LTspiceManual pdf July 10 2014 3 Mathcad User s Guide Mathsoft Inc http claymore engineer gvsu edu jackh eod courses egr345 media mathcad p df July 10 2014 34
15. oard at the cursor location Undo button Undoes the most recently performed action Redo button Redoes the most recently performed undo Figure 1 Main Toolbar 1 29 Run resume simulation button Starts resumes simulation of the active circuit Refer to the Start Stop Pause Simulation section of Chapter 8 Simulation for more information Pause simulation button Pauses simulation Refer to the Start Stop Pause Simulation section of Chapter 8 Simulation for more information Stop simulation button Stops the simulation Refer to the Start Stop Pause Simulation section of Chapter 8 Simulation for more information Pause at Next MCU Instruction Boundary button Refer to the Stepping and Breaking section for more information Figure 2 Simulation Toolbar 1 30 Place Source button Selects the Source components hd group in the browser Place Basic button Selects the Basic components group Place Diode button Selects the Diode components group Place Transistor button Selects the Transistor components group in the browser Place Analog button Selects the Analog components Place TTL button Selects the TTL components group in Place CMOS button Selects the CMOS component group in the browser Place Miscellaneous Digital button Selects the Miscellaneous Digital component group in the browser Place Mixed button Selects the Mixed component group in the browser Place Power Components butto
16. put is according to the homework and go to Properties Under the tab Net name a blank space will be provided Type in Vin for the input and Vout for the output where specified on homework then click check the box for it to show up on the circuit Click OK It should look like the figure below Figure 7 Adding input and output for graph 8 Once the Vin and Vout are specified at the top of the screen click Simulate then Analyses then AC Analyses The page will look like Fig 8 Once here click the tab Output then highlight the Vout and click Add in the center It will resemble figure 9 and click Simulate A graph will appear in black shown in Fig 10 The graph will need to be in white Click on the button that resembles a black and white box right above the graph to change the background to white Note In the later homework assignments it will specify whether to do an AC Analyses or a Transient Analyses However the procedure will be similar to these steps The outputs will need to be specified 11 AC Analysis ES Frequency parameters output Analysis options Summary Stop frequency FSTOP En Sweep type Decade y Number of points per decade E Vertical scale logarithmic y Start frequency FSTART 1 Hz bi Reset to default GHz x ok cancel Heb Figure 8 AC analysis Frequency parameters Output Analysis options Summary Variables in circuit Selected variables for analysis al variables
17. trace 14 The output was V 2 for this circuit page 6 When the output is clicked it will be added under Expression s to add 20 Add Traces to Plot x Only list traces matching ET Available data IV Asterisks match colons Cancel Expression s to add v 2 Y AutoR utoRange A Figure 23 Adding the output 15 Next hit OK Sometimes the axis will need to be adjusted if the graph doesn t properly show up This can be done in the code written in step 7 Don t forget to save both the code and the graph in PDF form by going to file then print then changing the Name to Adobe PDF Note In later homework assignments the coding will exceed a page The professor will provide the code for LTSpice Just copy and paste it into notepad and follow all the steps in this section again The only values that will need to change are your component values and the range if needed 21 Chapter 3 Mathcad Mathcad will be the last software needed to complete the homework assignments This software is the most complicated if you do no follow the procedure correctly Although it is the most powerful and very helpful once mastered It can easily compute complex equations for certain labs and a great study tool for exams Procedure 1 To get started head to the start menu and type in Mathcad A window with a blank page will pop up kA Mathcad Untitled 1 e x da File Edit View Insert Format Tools Symbolics Window Help D
18. ultisim Design1 Y A cut Ctrl X E File Edit View Place MCU Simulate Transfer Tools Reports Options Wir B copy Ctrl C DeESaISnh BmrB gt A a fF Paste Cri y IX Delete Delete f Save component to database Edit symbol te block Lock Unlock name position Reverse probe direction Save selection as snippet n LLL Color x E Multisim Friday July 04 2014 4 06 10 PM Font Properties Ctrl M NI ELVIS If instrument enabled in simulation Results Nets _ Components Copper layers Simulation Figure 4 Rotating components 4 Once all of the components are on the page they will need to be rotated to the correct position according to the homework by right clicking on each component and rotating 90 degrees 5 The values of the components can be changed by right clicking on the component then going to Properties as shown in Fig 5 In the resistance space simply change it to the given resistance value then hit OK The same procedure will done on the Inductor and the Capacitor RESISTOR_RATED Figure 5 Adding component values 6 The components will be all combined to form a circuit resembling your homework To do so click on one end of the component and drag the line to the other end of another component as shown in Fig 6 Figure 6 Creating circuit 10 7 The line will be labeled Vin for input and Vout for output Right click on the line where the input and out
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