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Falcon 1.4M100 Camera Manual

1. eene 97 4 11 Generating a Test Pattern ccccscscsscsssssssssssssssssseesseseseessessessesseseesaeseeseseseeseesensansansates 58 Optical and Mechanical Considerations 61 5 1 Mechanical Interface essen nnns 61 9 2 PING IV IS i elo 62 9 3 Optical ERE 63 MAI RE 63 5 3 2 Light SOUN COS id ida 63 63 5 3 4 Lens se 63 5 3 5 Magnification and Resolution ssseseeeennnnnnnnnnnne 64 Troubleshooting 65 6 1 Common QUID ente etree 65 Sl COMP 65 6 2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface 66 COmMMUNICANON CIN Orel Nem 66 6 2 2 Verify ParameterS sse nor nor nro nnne nnn nnns nnns 66 6 2 3 Verify Factory Calibrated Settings eene 66 6 2 4 Verify Timing and Digital Video Path sssseenenee 66 6 3 Sensis e 66 6 3 1 No Output or Erratic Behavior 4 66 6 3 2 Line Dropout Bright Lines or Incorrect Frame 66 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual DALSA 6 3 3 Noisy OutpUt 6 3 4 Dark Patches eese 6 4 Product Support sse Appendix A Camera Link Reference Tim
2. By similar triangles the magnification is alternatively given by f m OD These equations can be combined to give their most useful form h f This is the governing equation for many object and h OD image plane parameters Example An acquisition system has a 512 x 512 element 10um pixel pitch area scan camera a lens with an effective focal length of 45mm and requires that 100um in the object space correspond to each pixel in the image sensor Using the preceding equation the object distance must be 450mm 0 450m 10um _ 45mm 100um OD OD 450mm 0 450m 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Troubleshooting The information in this chapter can help you solve problems that may occur during the setup of your camera Remember that the camera is part of the entire acquisition system You may have to troubleshoot any or all of the following e power supplies e cabling e frame grabber hardware amp software e host computer e light sources e optics e operating environment e encoder Your steps in dealing with a technical problem should be 1 Try the general and specific solutions listed in sections 6 1 6 2 and 6 3 2 If these solutions do not resolve your problem see section 6 4 on getting product support 61 Common Solutions 6 11 Connections The first step in troubleshooting is to verify that your camera has all the correct connections Power Supply Voltages Check for the presence of all voltag
3. Toretrieve the current coefficient set number use get csn csn 0 49 3 Enabling Pixel Coefficients Purpose Syntax Syntax Elements Notes Example 03 032 20024 01 The camera ships with the FPN and PRNU coefficients enabled but you can enable and disable FPN and PRNU coefficients whenever necessary epc i i i FPN coefficients 0 FPN coefficients disabled 1 FPN coefficients enabled PRNU coefficients 0 PRNU coefficients disabled 1 PRNU coefficients enabled The coefficient set that you are enabling or disabling is determined by the csn value Refer to the previous section for an explanation of the csn command epc 11 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 49 The pixel coefficients are enabled using the Frame Rate Hz parameter available through the Camera Control tab This parameter enables both FPN and PRNU coefficients Camera Control Parameters X Parameter Value 2 aystem Gain 1024 Subtract Background DM 0 Enable Flat Field Correction Irraring Made Binning Horizontal Binning Vertical Exposure Control ri 5 pet SD Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Enable Flat Field Correction on Camera Control Tab 49 4 Selecting the Calibration Sample Size Setting the Number of Frames to Sample Purpose Sets the number of frames to sample when performing pixel coefficient ca
4. 0 0 during the algorithm execution but returned to the state they were prior to command execution cpa ii i PRNU calibration algorithm to use 2 Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target value as shown below Target PRNU Coefficient AVG Pixel Value FPN sdo value The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras It is important that the target value set with the next parameter is set to be at least equal to the highest pixel across all cameras so that all pixels can reach the highest pixel value during calibration Peak target value in a range from 256 to 1013 DN The target value must be greater than the current peak output value PRNU correction can only be performed in exposure mode sem 2 sem 9 or sem 10 Calibrate FPN before calibrating PRNU If you are not performing FPN calibration then issue the rpc reset pixel coefficients command and set the sdo set digital offset value so that the output is near zero under dark The cpa command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can perform PRNU calibration An error message is returned if you attempt to perform PRNU calibration when using csn 0 cpa 2 700 DALSA Falcon 1 4M
5. Sales Support North America Furope Asia Voice 519 886 6000 49 8142 46770 519 886 6000 Fax 519 886 8023 49 8142 467746 519 886 8023 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 69 Camera Link Reference Timing and Configuration Table Camera Link is a communication interface for vision applications It provides a connectivity standard between cameras and frame grabbers A standard cable connection will reduce manufacturers support time and greatly reduce the level of complexity and time needed for customers to successfully integrate high speed cameras with frame grabbers This is particularly relevant as signal and data transmissions increase both in complexity and throughput A standard cable connector assembly will also enable customers to take advantage of volume pricing thus reducing costs The camera link standard is intended to be extremely flexible in order to meet the needs of different camera and frame grabber manufacturers The DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map available in the Knowledge Center at www dalsa com details how DALSA standardizes its use of the Camera Link interface LVDS Technical Description Low Voltage Differential Signaling LVDS is a high speed low power general purpose interface standard The standard known as ANSI TIA EIJA 644 was approved in March 1996 LVDS uses differential signaling with a nominal signal swing of 350mV differential The low signal swing decreases r
6. 10 meters 22 Input Output Connectors and LED The camera uses e A diagnostic LED for monitoring the camera See the section 2 2 1 LED Status Indicator on page 17 for details e One high density 26 pin SDR26 connector for Camera Link control signals data signals and serial communications Refer to section 2 2 2 Camera Link Data Connector on page 17 for details e One 6 pin Hirose connector for power Refer to section 2 2 5 Power Connector on page 20 for details Diagnostic ee LED Power Input 12V Mini Camera Link SDR26 Connector Input Output Connectors WARNING Ensure that all the correct voltages at full load are present at the camera end of the power irrespective of cable length according to the pinout defined in section 2 2 5 Power Connector on page 20 A common system problem is that the voltage drop across the power cable is large enough that the voltage at the camera does not meet the power input voltage specifications 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 17 221 LED Status Indicator The camera is equipped with an LED to display the operational status of the camera The table below summarizes the operating states of the camera and the corresponding LED states When more than one condition is active the LED indicates the condition with the highest priority Error and warning states are accompanied by corresponding messages further describing the current camera status Color of Status
7. 63 flat field correction 44 FPN 44 FPN calibration 50 FVAL 69 G gain digital 56 Get Command Parameter 28 H halogen light sources 63 help 26 hot mirror 63 illumination 63 incorrect line rate 66 input output 16 inputs user bus 19 installation 15 interface electrical 9 mechanical 9 12 13 62 03 032 20024 01 80 03 032 20024 01 optical 9 63 L LED 17 lens modeling 63 mounts 62 light sources 63 line dropout 66 line rate 9 LUT examples 24 LVAL 69 LVDS 69 pairs 70 M magnification 64 mechanical interface 62 specifications 9 12 13 N noisy output 67 O online help 26 operating modes 33 ranges 9 optical interface 63 optical specifications 9 P pixel rate 32 power connector 20 guidelines 20 power supply 20 PRNU 44 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual PRNU calibration 52 R random noise 9 readout configuring 31 resolution 9 responsivity 9 S sensor specifications 9 serial communication reference 69 serial interface 25 defaults 25 settings factory 29 specifications electrical 9 mechanical 9 12 13 operating 9 optical 9 sensor 9 T Technical Sales Support 68 test pattern 58 test pattern generator 58 timing programmed 73 standard 71 troubleshooting 65 line rates 66 serial interface 66 V video data 69 DALSA
8. Practical Radiometry in the Application Notes and Technology Primers found under the Knowledge Center link It is often more important to consider exposure than illumination The total amount of energy which is related to the total number of photons reaching the sensor For example 5uJ cn can be achieved by exposing 5mW cm for 1ms just the same as exposing an intensity of 5W cmv for 3 3 2 Light Sources Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up your light source e LED light sources are relatively inexpensive provide a uniform field and longer life span compared to other light sources Compared to Halogen light sources LED s provide more blue and less red photons e Halogen light sources generally provide very little blue relative to IR e Fiber optic light distribution systems generally transmit very little blue relative to IR e Some light sources age over their life span they produce less light This aging may not be uniform a light source may produce progressively less light in some areas of the spectrum but not others Digital cameras are extremely responsive to infrared IR wavelengths of light To prevent infrared from distorting the images you scan use a hot mirror or IR cutoff filter that transmits visible wavelengths but does not transmit wavelengths over 750nm Examples are the Schneider Optics B W 489 which includes a mounting ring the CORIONTM LS 750 which does not include a mounting rin
9. by reducing the Waiting time the Falcon 1 4M100 camera approaches its maximum frame rate of 100fps In non concurrent mode the integration and readout period do not overlap Non concurrent Mode Timing Diagram 1 Strobe Light Strobe Light i E OU Integration Time Integration Time Waiting Readout EXSYNC In non concurrent mode a low to high transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the integration time and a high to low transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the readout of image data This is the same as in concurrent mode The difference between these two modes is that you do not perform your next low to high transition of EXSYNC until readout has completed The Waiting period can be reduced to 0 seconds by starting the low to high transition immediately after readout is complete The readout time is a fixed amount of time that is dependant upon the mode of operation of the camera but is typically around 10 0ms DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 39 412 Setting the Exposure Mode and Time You have a choice of operating in one of the following exposure modes Mode EXSYNC Programmable Programmable Description Concurrent Frame Rate Exposure Time non concurrent operation 2 Internal Yes Yes minimum Internal frame rate and Both 40us exposure time 4 External No No minimum Smart EXSYNC High Both 40us time is the exposure time 6 External No Yes minimum Falling EXSYNC initiates Both 40us integration
10. use the Pre Processing gt Lookup Table gt Setting menu command Note that you must first enable the Lookup Table otherwise the Setting command will be grayed out CameExpert Untitled File View Output Pre Processing Help Flat Field Correction Bayer CFA Decoder Lookup Table Enable Load be To select the type of LUT to use click the LUT Mode Value field a drop down list box displays the available modes The Lookup Table dialog displays a graph of the input and output values for the selected LUT A Sapera application can program the Falcon LUT for any required LUT operation 03 032 20024 01 24 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Lookup Table Parameter Lut Mode Linear invert Position shift Bit shift Slope within range Single Threshold Double Threshold Save LUT Close CamExpert available LUT examples are briefly described below The LUT function graphic simplifies understanding the operation especially when user settings modify the LUT function 03 032 20024 01 Normal default modifies all LUT entries using a linear mapping such that a gray level input is equal to the output Arithmetic operation modifies all LUT entries using an arithmetic operation Binary pattern modifies some LUT entries based on a binary pattern Boolean operation modifies all LUT entries using a Boolean operation Gamma correction modifies all LUT entries using Gamma correction function
11. FPN clm Set camera link mode cpa Correction PRNU algorithm csn Coefficient set number css Calibration sample size epc Enable pixel coefficients gcm Get the camera model gcp Get the camera parameters gcs Get the camera serial number gcv Get the camera versions get Get command gfc Get FPN coefficient gh Display the get help screen gpc Get PRNU coefficient gsf Get sync frequency h Display this help screen lpc Load pixel coefficients rc Reset the camera rfs Restore fact rpc Reset pixel coefficients rus Restore user settings sbh Set horizontal binning sbr Set the UART baud rate sbv Set vertical binning sdo Set digital offset sem Set exposure mode set Set exposure time sfc Set FPN coefficient slc Set LUT coefficient sle Set LUT enable smm Set mirroring mode sot Set output throughput spc Set PRNU coefficient ssf Set sync frequency ssb Set subtract background ssg Set system gain svm Set video mode upd Upload CBF file vt Verify temperature VV Verify voltage wfc Write FPN coefficients wpc Write PRNU coefficients wse Set window start end wus Write user settings xyi xyi EL EI 27 2 3 8 bits 10 bits 2 2 256 1013 0 1 32 64 128 256 512 1024 0 1 0 1 Command name 1 1400 1 1024 1 1400 1 1024 LL taz 9600 19200 57600 115200 UEM 0 0 0 1023 DN 2 4 6 9 10 40 9719 4000000 max us L 1400 1 1024 0 255 0 1023 0 102 3 OAL 80 160
12. Information tab Set 0 contains the factory settings and Set 1 contains the user settings Camera Information Parameters X Parameter Value Camera Model F 20 01 41 H 00 F Firmware Version 23690 Active Load Version 1 01 hee Camera Serial 18000036 Baud Aate 115200 Camera Information Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer and AOI Falcon Test Power Up Configuration on Camera Information Tab DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 31 Power Up configuration Description Select the coefficient set to use You can restore Ehe original Factory settings or save and restore the last user settings Index Factory calibrated set 1 User calibrated set User Settings v Flatfield FPN and PRMLI coefficients Load Save Cancel Falcon Test Power Up Configuration Dialog 46 Camera Output Format 46 1 Howto Configure Camera Output The Falcon cameras offer great flexibility when configuring your camera output Using the clm serial command you determine the camera s Camera Link configuration number of output taps and bit depth Using the sot command you determine the camera s output rate These two commands work together to determine your final camera output configuration Falcon Data Readout Configurations Camera Link Mode Configuration Controlled by clm Pixel Rate command Configuration Controlled by sot Command Mode Camera Link Camera Link Taps Configuration Depth
13. Readout Time Frame Time Frame Time FVAL This mode supports both concurrent and non concurrent operation If the exposure time is greater than the readout time it will accept a trigger lus after the previous exposure is finished If the exposure time is less than the readout time then the minimum delay between consecutive exposure times is 150us Note that the exposure and readout time can overlap However if the camera is still reading out the prior frame and a trigger is asserted it will extend the exposure time to the end of the readout Mode 9 Sequential Smart EXSYNC External Frame Rate and Exposure Time In this mode EXSYNC sets both the frame period and the exposure time The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout There is 100us delay between the trigger and the start of the exposure The minimum exposure time is 10us The minimum delay between the end of readout and the next EXSYNC is Note the exposure and readout time cannot overlap In addition the camera will ignore the falling edge of EXSYNC if the prior frame s integration or readout is not complete 03 032 20024 01 40 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual User EXSYNC Min 10us 100us delay Exposure Exposure Readout Time Readout Time Frame Time Frame Time FVAL FVAL Mode 10 External
14. e Camera Link mode 2 Base configuration 2 taps 8 bits e 80Mpixels s per tap e Full window 1400 x 1024 Factory Setting rfs Current Session wus Serial Commands for Saving and Restoring Settings Factory Settings You can restore the original factory settings at any time using the serial command rfs Note This command does not restore flat field coefficients Refer to pc command 03 032 20024 01 30 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 4 5 2 User Settings 03 032 20024 01 You can save or restore your user settings to non volatile memory using the following serial commands e To save all current user settings to non volatile memory use the command wus The camera will automatically restore the saved user settings when powered up e To restore the last saved user settings use the command rus Note On power up the camera will restore the FFC coefficients from the set indicated by the coefficient set number csn either 0 factory calibrated set or 1 user calibrated set These are the current operating settings of your camera These settings are stored in the camera s volatile memory and will not be restored once you power down your camera or issue a reset camera command rc To save these settings for reuse at power up use the command wus The factory and user settings can be loaded or saved using the Power Up Configuration dialog available through the Power Up Configuration parameter on the Camera
15. instead of white paper to avoid Note The CamExpert Pre Processing menu includes commands to perform flat field correction on the hardware frame grabber or software host PC however to use the camera s flat field correction capability use the Calibration Wizard or the camera serial commands To launch the Calibration Wizard click on the Flat Field Correction parameter Setting field available on the Camera Control tab Camera Control Parameters x Parameter Value Binning Vertical Disabled GUT Sensor Left Offset im Fisela m Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer Falcon Flat Field Correction on Camera Control Tab DALSA 03 032 20024 01 48 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 49 2 Selecting Factory or User Coefficients Purpose Syntax Syntax Elements Notes Example Selects the coefficient set to use The camera ships with a factory calibrated set of FPN and PRNU coefficients The factory coefficients cannot be erased or modified csn i 1 Coefficient set to use 0 Factory calibrated set of FPN and PRNU coefficients These coefficients cannot be erased or modified 1 User calibrated set of FPN and PRNU coefficients These coefficients can be deleted or modified The camera ships with the factory calibrated FPN and PRNU coefficients saved to both set 0 and set 1 When you first boot up the camera the camera operates using set 1 csn 1 enabled
16. meet their needs for a particular product All four enable signals must be provided by the camera on each Channel Link chip All unused data bits must be tied to a known value by the camera For more information on image data bit allocations refer to the official Camera Link specification on the www dalsa com Web site DALSA Camera Control Configuration Falcon Stop Action Camera Link Cameras Name EXSYNC CCl Reserved for future use CC2 Reserved for future use CC3 Reserved for future use CC4 03 032 20024 01 Two LVDS pairs have been allocated for asynchronous serial communication to and from the camera and frame grabber Cameras and frame grabbers should support at least 9600 baud These signals are e Differential pair with serial communications to the frame grabber e SerTC Differential pair with serial communications to the camera The serial interface will have the following characteristics one start bit one stop bit no parity and no handshaking It is recommended that frame grabber manufacturers supply both a user interface and a software application programming interface API for using the asynchronous serial communication port The user interface will consist of a terminal program with minimal capabilities of sending and receiving a character string and sending a file of bytes The software API will provide functions to enumerate boards and send or receive a character string See Appendix B in the Offici
17. offset between the factory and user are typically caused by differences in temperature from factory to user Large dark offsets will result in PRNU correction induced FPN and should therefore be avoided Increase the offset camera in dark on all cameras sao command until they are the dame and reach at least 4 DN 10 bit 03 032 20024 01 46 03 032 20024 01 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Illuminate to about 80 saturation 820 DN 10 bit and note the highest signal level among the set of cameras Increase the digital gain ssg on the cameras until they all reach the same output level of the camera with the highest output found in step 3 Place camera in the dark and repeat steps 2 to 4 until both dark offset and 8076 saturation signal levels are equal on all cameras If satisfied by the results write the FPN coefficients and PRNU coefficients to memory wfc and wpc An important note on window blemishes When flat field correction is performed window cleanliness is paramount The following figure shows an example of what can happen if a blemish is present on the sensor window when flat field correction is performed The blemish will cast a shadow on the wafer FFC will compensate for this shadow by increasing the gain Essentially FFC will create a white spot to compensate for the dark spot shadow As long as the angle of incident light remains unchanged then FFC works well However when the angle of incidence changes sign
18. or behaves erratically it may be picking up random noise from long cables acting as antennae Do not attach wires to unused pins Verify that the camera is not receiving spurious inputs for example EXSYNC if camera is using an internal signal for synchronization 6 3 2 Line Dropout Bright Lines or Incorrect Frame rate Verify that the frequency of the internal sync is set correctly 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 67 6 3 3 Noisy Output Check your power supply voltage outputs for noise Noise present on these lines can result in poor video quality Low quality or non twisted pair cable can also add noise to the video output 6 3 4 Dark Patches DALSA If dark patches appear in your output the optics path may have become contaminated Clean your lenses and sensor windows with extreme care 1 Take standard ESD precautions 2 Wear latex gloves or finger cots 3 Blow off dust using a filtered blow bottle or dry filtered compressed air 4 Fold a piece of optical lens cleaning tissue approx 3 x 5 to make a square pad that is approximately one finger width 5 Moisten the pad on one edge with 2 3 drops of clean solvent either alcohol or acetone Do not saturate the entire pad with solvent 6 Wipe across the length of the window in one direction with the moistened end first followed by the rest of the pad The dry part of the pad should follow the moistened end The goal is to prevent solvent from
19. reference and timing definitions refer to Appendix A on page 69 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 20 22 9 Power Connector Hirose 6 pin Circular Male Mating Part HIROSE HR10A 7P 6S Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Hirose Pin Description Pin Description Pin Description 1 12 to 15V 4 GND 2 12 to 15V 5 GND 3 12 to 15V 6 GND The camera requires a single voltage input 12 to 15V Ensure you measure a minimum of 12V at the camera power connector and not at the power supply The voltage drop across power cables can be large enough to supply too low of a voltage to the camera for it to operate properly WARNING When setting up the camera s power supplies follow these guidelines e Protect the camera with a fast blow fuse between power supply and camera e Power surge limit at 500 mA e 12 V power supply Nominal 0 to load resulting in 20 A s current ramp rate e Power supply current limit needs to be set at gt 2 A e Do not use the shield on a multi conductor cable for ground e Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop Long power supply leads may falsely indicate that the power supply is within the recommended voltage range even when the camera at the connector is actually being supplied with much less voltage e Use high quality linear supplies to minimize noise e Use an isolated type power supply to prevent LVDS common mode range violation Note Performance specifications are not guaran
20. sem 2 e At 80 of camera saturation 1x digital gain DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 11 13 Responsivity and Quantum Efficiency The responsivity graph describes the sensor response to different wavelengths of light excluding lens and light source characteristics Visible light spans wavelengths between 390 780 nanometers Wavelengths below 390 nm are ultra violet while those above 780 nm are termed infra red Falcon 1 4M100 Responsivity Curve 14 0 4 12 0 10 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 Responsivity DN nJ cm 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm The quantum efficiency graph describes the fraction of photons at each wavelength that contribute charge to the pixel Falcon 1 4M100 QE Curve Quantum Efficiency QE Wavelength nm DALSA 03 032 20024 01 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 14 Camera Cosmetic Specifications 14 1 Sensor Cosmetic Specifications 03 032 20024 01 The following table highlights the current cosmetic specifications for the DALSA sensor inside the Falcon 1 4M100 camera The monochrome sensor has 1 4 megapixels 1400 x 1024 and global shuttering Blemish Specifications Maximum Number of Defects Hot pixel defects 1 Single pixel defects 100 Clusters defects No limit see note Spot defects 0 Column defects 0 Row defects 0 Definition of cosmetic specifications Hot pixel defect e Pixel whose signal in dark deviates by mor
21. 100 Camera Manual every pixel from the camera For a 100 fps camera such as the Falcon 1 4M100 the readout period is around 10 0ms Thus a global shutter CMOS device as found in the 1 4M100 is capable of running at 100fps even with exposure times up to 10ms Beyond 10ms the exposure time dominates and the frame rate drops With rolling shutter CMOS devices only non concurrent modes are possible and the integration time immediately impacts the frame rate thus comparable 1 4 megapixel cameras with a 10ms exposure time would only run at 50fps with a rolling shutter device Concurrent mode is when the camera is integrating the current frame Frame 1 and at the same time is reading out the prior frame Frame 0 By performing integration and readout in parallel the Falcon 1 4M100 camera is capable of reaching 100fps even with exposure times up to 10ms A timing diagram helps to explain this mode of operation Concurrent Mode Timing Diagram Strobe Light Strobe Light Strobe Light SjS S j a KO 1 1 Integration Time Frame N Integration Time Frame N 1 Integration Time Frame N 2 Readout Frame N 1 Reatout Frame Read ut Frame 1 EXSYNC Waiting Waiting In concurrent mode a low to high transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the integration time and a high to low transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the readout of image data As your frame period approaches the readout period
22. 100 Camera Manual 53 Calibrating Individual Pixels Purpose Sets an individual pixel s PRNU coefficient Syntax spe x y i Syntax Elements x The pixel column number from 1 to 1400 The pixel row number from 1 to 1024 Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 255 where PRNU coeff 1 256 Notes The spe command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can perform PRNU calibration An error message is returned if you attempt to perform PRNU calibration when using csn 0 To return the current csn number send the command get csn Example spc 10 50 200 49 Saving Loading and Resetting Coefficients saving the Current PRNU Coefficients Purpose Saves the current PRNU coefficients to non volatile memory Syntax wpc Notes E The wpc command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can perform PRNU calibration An error message is returned if you attempt to perform PRNU calibration when using csn 0 To return the current csn number send the command get csn Example wpc saving the Current FPN Coefficients Purpose Saves the current FPN coefficients to non volatile memory Syntax wfc Notes The wfc command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You
23. 2 clm 2 Base 2 Camera Link taps 40 MHz strobe sot 80 80 MHz strobe sot 160 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 32 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Camera Link Mode Configuration Controlled by clm Pixel Rate command Configuration Controlled by sot command Mode Camera Link Camera Link Taps Configuration 3 clm 3 Base 2 Camera Link taps 40 MHz strobe sot 80 80 MHz strobe sot 160 Purpose Sets the camera s Camera Link configuration number of Camera Link taps and data bit depth Syntax clm m Syntax Elements m Output mode to use 2 Base configuration 2 taps 8 bit output 3 Base configuration 2 taps 10 bit output Notes e To retrieve the current Camera Link mode use the command gep e For details on line times and frame readout times when using a window of interest refer to following table Example clm 3 The factory and user settings can be loaded or saved using the Power Up Configuration dialog available through the Power Up Configuration parameter on the Camera Information tab Set 0 contains the factory settings and Set 1 contains the user settings Camera Information Parameters x Value Lamera Model FA 2D D1 M1 H 00 F Firmware Version 2 3690 Active Load Version 1 0 1 132 Lamera Serial 18000036 Baud Hate 115200 Power Up Configuration Setting Camera Information Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer and Falcon Test Power Up Configuration on Camera Information Tab 03 03
24. 2 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 33 46 2 Setting the Camera s Pixel Rate Serial Command Purpose Sets the camera s pixel rate Syntax sot m Syntax Elements m 80 40 MHz pixel rate with a total throughput of 80 MHz 160 80 MHz pixel rate with a total throughput of 160 MHz Notes e To retrieve the current pixel rate use the command gcp or get sot Example sot 80 CamExpert Parameter The camera pixel rate is available through the Output Throughput MHz parameter on the Camera Control tab Camera Control Parameters x Value a Lamera Link Mode 3 10 bits Output Throughput MHz 160 Frame Rate Hz Test Image Selector Digital Offset DM 0 Sistem ain 1024 je Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Falcon Output Throughput MHz on Camera Control Tab 41 Setting Exposure Mode Frame Rate and Exposure Time 4 11 Non Concurrent vs Concurrent Modes of DALSA One of the main benefits of global shutter CMOS devices is that you have the choice to operate the camera where integration and readout are concurrent that is they overlap for some duration or where integration and readout are not concurrent that is they occur serially Integration is defined as the time period that the camera can be exposed to light and is often referred to as exposure time Readout refers to the time it takes to read out 03 032 20024 01 34 03 032 20024 01 Falcon 1 4M
25. Exposure time is programmed into the camera 9 External No No minimum Smart EXSYNC High Non 10us time is the exposure concurrent time only 10 External No Yes minimum 7us Falling EXSYNC initiates Non integration Exposure concurrent time is programmed into only the camera Non concurrent mode occurs when integration and readout are performed serially In concurrent mode integration and readout can overlap To set the exposure time the camera must be operating in exposure mode 2 6 or 10 If you enter an exposure time outside of a valid range the input will be clipped to the min or max If you enter an exposure time which overlaps with the frame readout the exposure time will automatically adjust to integral units of exposure time increments The camera sends a warning when this occurs To select how you want the camera s frame rate to be generated 1 You must first set the camera s exposure mode 2 Next depending on the specified exposure mode set the frame rate and set the exposure time DALSA 03 032 20024 01 36 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Purpose Sets the camera s exposure mode allowing you to control your EXSYNC signal exposure time and frame rate generation Syntax sem m Syntax Elements m Exposure mode to use Factory setting is 2 Notes e 6 Refer to section 4 7 2 Setting the Exposure Mode and Time on 35 for a quick list of available modes or to the following sections for a more detailed explan
26. Falcon 1 4M100 Camera User s Manual FA 20 01M1H i E C CO C C C lt L O O C Uu O O 2 lt a C O BJ ORISA 1 Apr 09 03 032 20024 01 www dalsa com 2 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 2009 DALSA All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part by any means is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA About DALSA DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs develops manufactures and markets digital imaging products and solutions in addition to providing semiconductor products and services DALSA s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics technology software and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing Products and services include image sensor components electronic digital cameras vision processors image processing software and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS high voltage semiconductors image sensors and mixed signal CMOS chips DALSA is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol DSA The Company has its corporate offices in Waterloo ON and over 1000 employees worldwide For further information not in
27. Frame Rate Fixed Exposure Time In this mode the frame rate is triggered externally using the EXSYNC falling edge There is a 100us delay between the trigger and the start of the exposure The minimum exposure time is 7us The minimum delay between the readout and the next EXSYNC is 1us Note the exposure and readout time cannot overlap User EXSYNC 100us delay 100us delay Internally generated EXSYNC A Exposure Exposure 446 5 4 Programmable set Programmable set Readout Time Readout Time Frame Time Frame Time FVAL 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 41 414 Setting the Frame Rate DALSA To set the camera frame rate the camera must be operating in exposure mode 2 Changing the frame rate will automatically adjust the exposure time if necessary The camera sends a warning when this occurs Refer to section 4 6 2 Setting the Camera s Pixel Rate on page 33 for more information on how to set the camera s pixel rate Allowable range is dependent on the current Camera Link mode and window size Refer to section 4 6 1 How to Configure Camera Output on page 31 for more information on Camera Link modes and section 4 8 Setting a Vertical Window of Interest on page 42 for more information on setting a window size o serial Command Purpose Sets the camera s frame rate in Hz Syntax ssf f Sy
28. L 1400 1 1024 0 255 1710149 HZ 0 0 0 5 dd 0 031024 8L191T 0 4 5 6 7 8 0 Lsls UAIS 0c43023 9 99991 1023 03 032 20024 01 28 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 43 Retrieving Information About the Camera To retrieve the camera model use the command Syntax gcm To retrieve the camera serial number use the command Syntax gcs To retrieve the camera firmware version use the command Syntax gcv The camera model serial number and firmware version are available as read only parameters on the Camera Information tab 43 1 Retrieving Camera Settings To retrieve current camera settings use the serial command Syntax gcp To retrieve the value of a specific camera setting use the command Purpose Displays the value of the specified camera command Syntax gcp s Syntax Elements S string representing the command Notes Get supports any command that returns or specifies a setting Action commands such as wus write user settings are not supported Example get svm returns the video mode the camera is currently Operating in 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 29 4A 4 4 1 4 9 4 9 1 DALSA When the camera is powered up for the first time it operates using the following factory settings FA 20 01M1H e Flat field coefficients enabled Factory FFC coefficients calibrated in exposure mode 2 10 bit 50 fps e Exposure mode 2 e 100 fps e 9000 us exposure time
29. LED Meaning Off Hardware malfunction or no power Flashing Red 1 Hz Fatal error Non recoverable error such as overheating Flashing Red 4 Hz Loading backup firmware Solid Red Warning Loss of functionality Operating condition out of specified range Flashing Blue 1 Hz Ready to download Downloading files Used for firmware update LUT and FFC coefficients download Flashing Blue 4 Hz Writing to flash memory do not power off Used during firmware update and write user settings Flashing Green 1 Hz Camera initialization or executing a long command LED shall flash green at least once each time a serial command is received Solid Green Camera is operational and functioning correctly Typically outputting images in free running mode internal sync mode 2 2 2 2 Camera Link Data Connector DALSA SDR26 Female 1 1 26 14 Mini Camera Link SDR26 Connector The Camera Link interface is implemented as a Base Configuration in the Falcon cameras You select the camera configuration with the clm command described in section 4 7 Setting Exposure Mode Frame Rate and Exposure Time on page 33 The following tables provide this camera s principal Camera Link information See Appendix A for the complete DALSA Camera Link configuration table and refer to the DALSA Web site www dalsa com for the official Camera Link documents Camera Link Hardware Configuration Summary Configuration 8 Bit Ports Serializer Number Number o
30. Linear invert modifies all LUT entries using a linear mapping with a negative slope Position shift modifies LUT entries with a zero position offset Bit shift modifies LUT entries with a binary bit shift Slope within range modifies part of a LUT with a linear mapping Single Threshold modifies all LUT entries using a threshold operation Double Threshold modifies all LUT entries using a dual level threshold operation DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 25 DALSA In addition to using CamExpert all camera features can be controlled through the serial interface which is part of the Camera Link interface standard The camera can also be used without the serial interface after it has been set up correctly Functions available include e Controlling basic camera functions such as gain and sync signal source e Data readout control e Generating a test pattern for debugging e The serial interface uses a simple ASCII based protocol and the camera does not require any custom software e 8 data bits e 1 stop bit e No parity e No flow control e 9600 Kbps Camera does not echo characters When entering commands remember that e A carriage return CR ends each command e The camera will answer each command with either lt CR gt lt LF gt OK gt or Error x Error Message gt gt is always the last character sent by the camera e The camera accepts both upper and lower case commands e The follow
31. Max 1000 0 82 c1m 2 3 clm 2 3 clm 2 3 sot 80 clm 2 3 sot 80 03 032 20024 01 72 Symbol tFL tLVAL LOW tLF thPR twPR_LOW tPR_INT Definition Number strobes between FVAL rising and the first LVAL rising edge Number strobes that LVAL is low during readout Number of strobes between last LVAL falling and FVAL falling edge N A N A N A Information not available at printing Units Min clocks us clocks ns ns ns Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Typ Max 0 Port bit Port AO Port A1 Port A2 Port A3 Port A4 Port A5 Port A6 Port A7 Port BO Port B1 Port B2 Port B3 Port B4 Port B5 Port B6 Port B7 Port CO Port Cl Port C2 Port C3 Port C4 Port C5 Port C6 Port C7 03 032 20024 01 8 bit AO Al A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 BO B1 B2 B3 BA B5 B6 B7 Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used Not used 10 bit AO Al A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 Not used Not used B8 B9 Not used Not used BO B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 The following table describes the bit assignments for both 8 bit and 10 bit 2 tap base configuration clm 2 and clm 3 The two taps are interleaved and provide consecutive pixels simultaneously for example with the 8 bit configuration port A starts with pixel 0 and port B pixel 1 and so on DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual T3 Error Handling and Command List As a quick ref
32. al Camera Link specification on the www dalsa com Web site DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Camera Link Video Timing Symbol twSYNC twSYNC INT t FRAME PERIOD tTRANSFER tREADOUT tOVERHEAD tLINE DALSA FRAME VALID STROBE Y twSYNC Falcon Standard Timing Input and Output Relationships RS aad ald Na tFRAME PERIOD 71 twSYNC INT sone 1 py lt _ tT RANSFER gt lt LINE VALID I lt PATA 0008 poooood 009 009 pood 009 009 pooooQ Definition The minimum width of the EXSYNC pulse When in SMART EXSYNC mode the minimum width is greater to allow for the photosites to be properly reset Te integration time when the SMART EXSYNC feature is available and turned on Note the minimum time is necessary to guarantee proper operation The minimum frame time made up of tTransfer tREADOUT plus tOVERHEAD The time from the reception of the falling edge of EXSYNC to the rising edge of FVAL The time that frame valid is high The number of pixels that must elapse after the falling edge of FVAL before the EXSYNC falling edge can occur The line time tREADOUT gt tOVERHEAD tLF 4 gt tLINE gt lt tLVAL_ SIS if S tPR_INT lt gt thPR lt twPR_LOW PIXEL RESET Units us us us ns us Min 12 10 16 129 Typ
33. amera Control Parameters x Farameter Value 2s Exposure Control Setting Flat Field C arrectian Setting Sensor Width in Pixels 1400 Sensor Height in Lines 1024 Sensor Left Offset im Pixels 0 Sensor Top Offset in Lines 0 Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Sensor Parameters on Camera Control Tab After adjusting the window size you can change the frame rate for improved performance In general the smaller the window size the higher the possible frame rate The frame rate can be specified using the Frame Rate Hz parameter available through the Camera Control tab 03 032 20024 01 44 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 49 Flat Field Correction Note If your illumination or white reference does not extend the full field of view of the camera the camera will send a warning 03 032 20024 01 This camera has the ability to calculate correction coefficients in order to remove non uniformity in the image This video correction operates on a pixel by pixel basis and implements a two point correction for each pixel This correction can reduce or eliminate image distortion caused by the following factors e Fixed Pattern Noise FPN e Photo Response Non Uniformity PRNU e Lens and light source non uniformity The camera is shipped with pre set factory correction coefficients in both the factory and user sets such that in most applications there is no need to perform fl
34. at field correction Note that factory calibration is performed with an exposure time of 9ms However if you are using a different exposure time and your application is sensitive to small pixel variations it is recommended that you perform flat field correction at your typical exposure time Correction is implemented such that for each pixel V output Vinput FPN pixel digital offset PRNU pixel Background Subtract x System Gain where V output digital output pixel value V input digital input pixel value from the sensor PRNU pixel PRNU correction coefficient for this pixel FPN pixel FPN correction coefficient for this pixel Background Subtract background subtract value System Gain digital gain value The algorithm is performed in two steps The fixed offset FPN is determined first by performing a calculation without any light This calibration determines exactly how much offset to subtract per pixel in order to obtain flat output when the sensor is not exposed The white light PRNU calibration is performed next to determine the multiplication factors required to bring each pixel to the required value target for flat white output Video output is set slightly above the brightest pixel depending on offset subtracted It is important to do the FPN correction first Results of the FPN correction are used in the PRNU procedure We recommend that you repeat the correction when a temperature change greater tha
35. ation e To obtain the current value of the exposure mode use the command gcp Related Commands ssf set Example sem 4 Exposure Time Serial Command Purpose Sets the camera s exposure time in ys Syntax set f Syntax Elements f Floating point number in us Allowable range is 40 4000000 us Notes e Camera must be operating in exposure mode 2 6 or 10 e To retrieve the current exposure time use the command get set e If you enter an exposure time outside of a valid range the input will be clipped to the min or max Refer to the help screen h command for the valid range e Changing the exposure time will automatically adjust the frame rate if necessary The camera sends a warning when this occurs Related Commands sem ssf eec clm Example set 5500 Refer to section 4 6 1 How to Configure Camera Output on page 31 for more information on the clm and sot sets pixel rate commands 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 37 The exposure mode can be specified using the Exposure Control dialog available through the Exposure Control parameter on the Camera Control tab Value Binning Horizontal Disabled CTE eng Sensor width in Pixels Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Falcon Exposure Control on Camera Control Tab Exposure Control Exposure Mode Description This mode allows vou bo program the Frame period in E Us IF vou set a
36. cluded in this manual or for information on DALSA s extensive line of image sensing products please call DALSA Sales Offices Waterloo Furope Asia Pacific 605 McMurray Rd Breslauer Str 34 Ikebukuro East 13F Waterloo ON D 82194 Grobenzell Munich 3 4 3 Higashi Ikebukuro Canada Germany Toshima ku Tokyo 170 0013 N2V 2E9 Tel 49 8142 46770 Japan Tel 519 886 6000 Fax 49 8142 467746 Tel 81 3 5960 6353 Fax 519 886 8023 www dalsa com Fax 81 3 5960 6354 fax www dalsa com europe dalsa com www dalsa com sales dalsa com sales asia dalsa com DALSA Worldwide Operations Waterloo Europe Asia Pacific 605 McMurray Rd Breslauer Str 34 Ikebukuro East 13F Waterloo ON N2V 2E9 D 82194 Gr benzell Munich 3 4 3 Higashi lkebukuro Canada Germany Toshima ku Tokyo 170 0013 Tel 519 886 6000 Tel 49 8142 46770 Japan Fax 519 886 8023 Fax 49 8142 467746 Tel 81 3 5960 6353 www dalsa com www dalsa com Fax 81 3 5960 6354 fax sales dalsa com europe dalsa com www dalsa com sales asia dalsa com Camera Link is a trademark registered by the Automated Imaging Association as chair of a committee of industry members including DALSA 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Introduction to the Falcon 1 4M100 Camera 1 1 Camera Highlights encoge 7 EL Foo oi ee eee eee 7 1 12 reae Rm 8 A 8 1 1 4 Applications 4 8 1 2 Camera Performance Specifications c cccccesss
37. cts due to the sensor glass Blemish Maximum deviation Size Maximum Number Specifications below the mean of Defects Glass defects 8 12 0 Definition of cosmetic specifications Glass defects e group of pixels exceeding the maximum deviation below the mean and the cluster size specifications Images are taken at nominal light illumination at 50 of the linear range In addition the camera is examined for the following blemish defects Blemish Specifications Maximum Number of Defects Hot pixel defects 1 Single pixel defects 100 Test conditions e Digital gain 1X e Nominal light illumination at 50 of saturation e Frame Rate 100fps e Integration time 9ms e Temperature of camera front plate is 25 C Note All of the above sensor and camera cosmetic specifications are with flat field correction turned off epc 0 0 There are no post flat field epc 1 1 camera cosmetic specifications DALSA 03 032 20024 01 03 032 20024 01 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 15 21 Installation Overview When setting up your camera you should take these steps This installation 1 overview assumes you have not 2 installed any system components yet Power down all equipment Following the manufacturer s instructions install the frame grabber if applicable Be sure to observe all static precautions Install any necessary imaging software Before connecting
38. de test pattern output and camera diagnostics e Serial interface ASCH 9600 baud adjustable to 19200 57600 115200 through Camera Link 113 Description The Falcon 1 4M100 camera provides 1 4 megapixel image capture at high frame rates of 100fps The global shutter capability of the sensor makes this camera capable of capturing low smear images at incredibly fast rates Its small camera body and mini Camera Link cabling allows the camera to fit into space constrained applications With its enhanced data drive capability mini Camera Link cables up to 10m in length can be used Programmable features and diagnostics are accessible through the mini Camera Link SDR26 connector 114 Applications The Falcon 1 4M100 camera is ideal for applications requiring high speed superior image quality and high responsivity in space constrained areas These features make the Falcon 1 4M100 applicable to e PCB AOI inspection e Semiconductor wafer inspection e Electronics inspection e Flat panel display inspection e Industrial metrology e Traffic management e General machine vision 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 12 Camera Performance Specifications DALSA Feature Specification Resolution Effective fill factor with microlenses Output Format of taps Optical Interface Back Focal Distance Sensor die to mounting plate Sensor Alignment X p 7 02 Lens Mount Camera Size Mass Connector
39. e CC3 Reserved for future use CC4 Reserved for future use 2 2 3 input Signals Camera Link The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link SDR26F connector The camera ships in internal sync internal programmed integration exposure mode 2 and Camera Link mode 2 EXSYNC The EXSYNC signal tells the camera when to integrate and readout the image It can be either an internally generated signal by the camera or it can be supplied externally via the serial interface Depending upon the mode of operation the high time of the EXSYNC signal can represent the integration period Section 4 7 Setting Exposure Mode Frame Rate and Exposure Time on page 33 details how to set frame times exposure times and camera modes 224 Output Signals Camera Link These signals indicate when data is valid allowing you to clock the data from the camera to your acquisition system These signals are part of the Camera Link configuration and you should refer to the DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map available at www dalsa com for the standard location of these signals Camera Link Clocking Signals Clocking Signal Indicates LVAL high Outputting valid line DVAL high Valid data STROBE rising edge Valid data FVAL high Outputting valid frame e The camera internally digitizes to 10 bits and outputs the 8 most significant bits MSB s or all 10 bits depending on the camera s Camera Link operating mode e For a Camera Link
40. e 1024 to 8191 The digital video values are multiplied by this value where Digital Gain 1024 For example to set a digital gain of 2 0 i equals 2048 e Entering a large value gain will cause the camera to digitally saturate the output image ssg 0 1024 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 57 The digital system gain is set using the System Gain parameter available on the Camera Control tab Camera Control Parameters x Value lt Frame Rate Hz 100 0 Test Image Selector Video Digital Offset DM 0 m 3 Subtract Background DM 0 Enable Flat Field Correction Enabled Mirroring Mode Disabled E Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Falcon System Gain on Camera Control Tab 4 10 3 Subtracting Background DALSA Serial Command Purpose Use the background subtract command after performing flat field correction if you want to improve your image in a low contrast scene It is useful for systems that process 8 bit data but want to take advantage of the camera s 10 bit digital processing chain You should try to make your darkest pixel in the scene equal to zero Syntax ssb t i Syntax Elements t Tap selection This is always set to 0 all taps i Subtracted value in a range in DN from 0 to 511 Notes When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal the output can no longer reach its maximum Use the ssg command to correct for this where s
41. e than 400DN 10 bits from its neighboring pixels Single pixel defect e Pixel whose signal at nominal light illumination at 50 of the linear range deviates by more than 30 from its neighboring pixels Cluster defect e grouping of at most 5 pixel defects within an area of 3 3 pixels Spot defect e A grouping of more than 5 pixel defects within an area of 3 3 pixels Column defect e Acolumn which has more than 8 pixel defects in a 1 12 kernel e Column defects must be horizontally separated by 3 good columns Row defect e horizontal grouping of more than 3 pixel defects between at least 2 good pixels on both sides where single good pixels between 2 defective pixels are considered as defective Test conditions e Digital gain 1X e Nominal light illumination at 50 of saturation e Frame Rate 100fps DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 13 e Integration time 9ms e Temperature of camera front plate is 25 C Note While the number of clusters is not limited by a maximum number the total number of defective pixels cannot exceed 100 Therefore you could have 20 clusters of 5 pixels in size 20 x 5 100 but you could not have 21 clusters of 5 in size 21 x 5 105 The probability of 21 clusters of 5 is negligible and is only used as an example 14 2 Cosmetic Specification Beyond sensor cosmetic testing the camera is placed under additional testing to more closely examine potential cosmetic defe
42. edge initiates readout There is 100us delay between the trigger and the start of the exposure The minimum delay between consecutive exposure times is 150us The minimum pulse width exposure time is 40us Minimum pulse width 40us Minimum delay User EXSYNC between pulses 150us 100us delay Exposure Time Exposure Time Readout Time Readout Time Frame Time Frame Time FVAL FVAL 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 39 DALSA Note that the exposure and readout time can overlap However the camera will ignore the falling edge of EXSYNC if the camera is still reading out the prior frame and extend the exposure time to the end of the readout Falling EXSYNC ieee ignored EXSYNC Exposure Exposure Time Readout Time Readout Time Mode 6 External Frame Rate Fixed Exposure Time In this mode the frame rate is triggered externally with the falling edge of EXSYNC generating the rising edge of a programmable exposure time There is a 100us delay between the trigger and the start of the exposure The minimum trigger pulse width is lus The minimum exposure time is 40us User EXSYNC 100 us delay 100 us delay Internally generated Y Y EXSYNC Exposure Time Exposure Time a j Programmable set Programmable set
43. era Control Tab DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 9 1 Mechanical Interface 43 First pixel Camera Link 1 32 UN 24 Power Supply C mount 2 x M4 x 8 j on 4 skies 44 Camera Mechanical Dimensions in mm 61 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 62 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 44 mm f male Hirose connector J 44 mm SDR26 female mini Camera Link connector Back Panel 74 20 UNC x 6 0 y 8 00 3 O M 07x50 Bottom View For optimal camera performance the camera can be cooled by applying forced air flow or by attaching the camera to a material that can conduct heat away from the camera 9 2 Lens Mounts Configuration Flange Back Focal Length sensor die to adapter C Mount JUL 57 Note that the use of certain C Mount lenses will cause vignetting due to the size of the image sensor The full resolution of the CMOS sensor is between 2 3 inch and 1 inch C Mount standards 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 63 9 31 lilumination The amount and wavelengths of light required to capture useful images depend on the particular application Factors include the nature speed and spectral characteristics of objects being imaged exposure times light source characteristics environmental and acquisition system specifics and more DALSA s Web site www dalsa com provides an introduction to this potentially complicated issue See
44. erence the following table lists all of the commands available to the camera user For detailed information on using these commands refer to Chapter 4 Command Syntax Parameters Description ee ee correction ccf Performs FPN calibration and eliminates t tapid calibrate FPN by subtracting away individual pixel i integer value real number camera link clm m Output mode to use s string mode 2 Base configuration 2 taps 8 bit output m member of a 3 Base configuration 2 taps 10 bit output set calculatePRNU cpa ii Performs PRNU calibration according to algorithm the selected algorithm The first parameter is the algorithm where iis 2 Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target value Target PRNU Coefficient AVG Pixel Value FPN sdo value This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras coefficient set csn i Selects the coefficient set to use either number 0 Factory calibrated set of FPN and PRNU coefficients These coefficients cannot be erased or modified 1 User calibrated set of FPN and PRNU coefficients These coefficients can be deleted or modified calibration css m Sets the number of lines to sample when sample size performing FPN and PRNU calibration where m is 32 factory setting 64 128 256 512 or 1024 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 74 Command Parameters We ae t tap id coefficients i integer value f real nu
45. es at the camera power connector Verify the connector pinout and that all grounds are connected Refer to section 2 2 5 Power Connector on page 20 for details Note Avoid hot plugging long power cables into the camera 66 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Data Clocking Output Signals To validate cable integrity have the camera send out a test pattern and verify it is being properly received Refer to section 4 11 Generating a Test Pattern for further information on running test patterns 6 2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface 6 2 1 Communications To quickly verify serial communications send the h help command By sending the h and receiving the help menu the serial communications are verified If further problems persist review Appendix B for more information on communications 6 2 2 Verify Parameters To verify the camera setup send the gep get camera parameters command To retrieve valid parameter ranges send the h help command 6 2 8 Verity Factory Calibrated Settings To restore the camera s factory settings send the rfs command After executing this command send the gep command to verify the factory settings 6 2 4 Verify Timing and Digital Video Path Use the test pattern feature to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber and verify the proper output along the digital processing chain 6 3 1 No Output or Erratic Behavior If your camera provides no output
46. evaporating from the window surface as this will end up leaving residue and streaking behind 7 Repeat steps 2 6 using a clean tissue until the entire window has been cleaned 8 Blow off any adhering fibers or particles using dry filtered compressed air 03 032 20024 01 68 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 6 4 Product Support If there is a problem with your camera collect the following data about your application and situation and call your DALSA representative If most cases providing the output from executing the gcp command will give our Product Support Team with a large amount of information to help you solve your problem Note You may also want to photocopy this page to fax to DALSA Customer name Organization name Customer phone number fax number Complete Product Model Number for example FA 20 01M1H 00 R Acquisition System hardware frame grabber host computer light sources etc Acquisition System software version OS etc Power supplies and current draw Data rate used Control signals used in your 2 EXSYNC Z BIN application and their frequency 2 Other or state if applicable Results when you run the gcp please attach text received from the camera after command initiating the command Detailed description of problem please attach description with as much detail as encountered appropriate In addition to your local DALSA representative you may need to call DALSA Technical
47. f Supported Bit Width of Chips SDR26 Connectors Base A 28 1 1 03 032 20024 01 03 032 20024 01 BASE Configuration Mode set with clm command Mode 2 2 Tap 8 bit Mode 3 2 Tap 10 bit Port Definition Port A Bits O thru 7 Tap 1 LSB Bit 7 Tap 1 LSB Bit 7 Base Configuration One Channel Link Chip Camera Control Serial Communication Right Angle Frame Grabber Camera Connector 1 14 2 15 3 16 4 17 5 18 6 19 7 20 8 21 9 22 10 23 11 24 12 25 13 26 Notes Exterior Overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both ends Connector 1 14 25 12 24 11 23 10 22 9 21 8 20 7 19 6 18 5 17 4 16 3 15 2 13 26 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Port B Bits O thru 7 Tap 2 LSB Bit7 Tap 1 Bits 8 9 Tap 2 Bits 8 9 Port C Bits O thru 7 XXXXXXX Tap 2 LSB Bit 7 Channel Link Signal inner shield inner shield X0 X0 X1 X1 X2 X2 Xclk Xclk X3 X3 SerTC SerTC SerTFG SerTFG 1 1 CC2 CC3 CC3 CC4 CC4 inner shield inner shield 3M part 14X26 SZLB XXX 0LC is a complete cable assembly including connectors Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable Inner shield is connected to signal ground inside camera DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 19 DALSA Camera Control Configuration Signal Configuration CCl EXSYNC CC2 Reserved for future us
48. f command The LED flashes green while coefficients are computed After completion the LED should return to solid green unless an error occurred during calibration FPN correction can only be performed in exposure modes sem 2 sem 9 and sem 10 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 91 Calibrating Individual Pixels Purpose Sets an individual pixel s FPN coefficient Syntax sfc x yi Syntax Elements x The pixel column number from 1 to 1400 y The pixel row number from 1 to 1024 i Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 255 Notes The sfc command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can perform FPN calibration An error message is returned if you attempt to perform FPN calibration when using csn 0 Example sfc 10 50 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 92 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 49 6 Performing PRNU Calibration Purpose Syntax Syntax Elements Notes Example 03 032 20024 01 Performs PRNU calibration to a targeted user defined value and eliminates the difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light To use this command you must provide a calibration target Executing these algorithms causes the ssb command to be set to 0 no background subtraction and the ssg command to 4096 unity digital gain The pixel coefficients are disabled
49. g and the CORION HR 750 series hot mirror Any good manufactured IR filter can be used 3 3 4 Lens Modeling DALSA Any lens surrounded by air can be modeled for camera purposes using three primary points the first and second principal points and the second focal point The primary points for a lens should be available from the lens data sheet or from the lens manufacturer Primed quantities denote characteristics of the image side of the lens That is h is the object height and h is the image height The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus The effective focal length f is the distance from the second principal point to the 03 032 20024 01 64 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual second focal point The back focal length BFL is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the second focal point The object distance OD is the distance from the first principal point to the object SECOND PRINCIPAL POINT LIGHT RAYS FROM LEFT gt gt 5 Y SECOND FOCAL POINT OBJECT FIRST PRINCIPAL HEIGHT h SON _ OPTICALAXIS ___ _ __________ 1 NR 4 BACK FOCAL LENGTH gt OBJECT NN DISTANCE OD Primary Points in A Lens System The magnification of a lens is the ratio of the image size to the object size h where m is the magnification h is the image height m pixel size and h is the object height desired object resolution size In
50. he frame width in half Set the speed of the serial communication port Baud rates 9600 19200 57600 and 115200 Default baud 9600 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Parameters t tapid i integer value real number s string m memberofa set DALSA Command set vertical binning rate set digital offset Set exposure mode set exposure time Set FPN Coefficient set LUT coefficient set LUT enable set mirroring mode set output throughput Set PRNU coefficient Syntax sbv sdo sem set sfc sfc slc sle smm sot spc Parameters i x yl 19 Description Sets the vertical binning 1 no binning 2 each pixel value is formed from 2 adjacent pixels on consecutive lines effectively reducing the frame height in half Set the digital offset as a DN which is added to the digital video signal t tap selector this is always 0 all taps i the digital offset 0 1023 DN Set the exposure mode Available values are 2 Internal SYNC programmable frame rate and exposure time using commands ssfand set 4 Smart EXSYNC 6 External frame rate fixed exposure time 9 Sequential Smart EXSYNC 10 Sequential external frame rate fixed exposure time Sets the exposure time to a floating point number in us Allowable range is 250 4194303 us x 1 1400 y 1 1024 i 0 255 Specifies the LUT input pixel value and output
51. he 1 2 V 2 5V and 3 3V measurements Sets the window start and stop pixels where iis the window sequence id It is always 0 in this camera i is the number of windows to set It is always 1 in this camera x1 is window start corner value Ranges from 0 1399 yl is window start pixel number Ranges from 0 1023 x2 is window end corner value Ranges from 15 1399 y2 is window end pixel number Ranges from 1 1023 Saves the FPN coefficients Saves the PRNU coefficients Write all of the user settings to non volatile memory DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual TT EMC Declaration of Conformity AL EC amp FCC DECLARATION OF CO TY We DAISA Montreal Inc 7075 Place Robert Joncas Suite 142 St Laurent Quebec Canada H4M 222 Declare under sole legal responsibility that the following products conform to the protection requirements of council directive 89 336 EEC on the approximation of the laws of member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility as amended by directive 93 08 EEC VIDEO CAMERA FALCON 1 4M100 amp VGA295 The produets to which this declaration relates are in conformity with the following relevant harmonized standards the reference numbers of which have been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities EN55022 1998 Residential Commercial and Light Industry EN 50204 1995 EN61000 4 1995 1996 1998 2001 Further declare under our soie legal respons
52. ibility that the product listed conforms to the code of federal regulations CFR 47 part 15 2006 subpart B Measurement of radiated emissions Class St Laurent Canada July 17 2007 Lal Location Date Ghisiain Beaup Vice President Research amp Development DALSA 03 032 20024 01 78 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Revision History 03 032 20024 01 Revision Change Description Number 00 Preliminary release 01 First release edition DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual DALSA A antiblooming 10 B base configuration 17 baud rate 26 bright lines 66 C calibration overview 44 steps 44 Calibration Wizard 47 camera output configuration 31 camera control signals 19 camera getsettings retrieving 28 camera information 28 camera interfacing tool 21 Camera Link configuration 17 32 33 configurations 17 18 31 connector 17 18 inputs 19 mode 32 outputs 19 camera settings current 29 factory 29 restoring 29 saving 29 user 29 clock signals 19 coefficients 48 command format 25 list 73 parameters 25 connector 16 Camera Link 17 power 20 connectors Camera Link 18 control configuration 70 control signals 70 79 D dark patches 67 data bus 19 data rate 9 DC offset 10 digital gain 56 DVAL 70 dynamic range 9 E EIA 644 Reference 69 electrical specifications 9 EMC Declaration of Conformity 77 F fiber optic light sources 63 filters
53. ificantly for example when a lens is added then the shadow will shift and FFC will makes things worse by not correcting the new shadow dark spot and overcorrecting where the shadow used to be white spot While the dark spot can be potentially cleaned the white spot is an FFC artifact that can only be corrected by another FFC calibration Blemish s Window UL Shadow AT DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 4T 4 9 1 Camexpert Calibration Wizard CamExpert includes a Calibration Wizard which is designed to guide you through the flat field calibration process without having to directly use serial commands Simply follow the instructions provided by the wizard Calibration Wizard Ea Welcome to the Calibration Wizard Flat Field Calibration allows you to correct the effects of stationary noise ar variations in the sensitivity of pour camera s sensor These effects are refered to as Fixed Pattern Noise FPH and Photo Response Non Uniformity The Flat Field Calibration Wizard will step you through the flat Field calibration DALSA DIGITAL IMAGING process CamExpert Before vau begin Wizard Set the camera s exposure made line rate exposure time analog gain binning factor readout mode Image the target object with your light source at its intended intensity Prepare to grab a white reference image IE 15 recommended to use a white plastic ceramic surface
54. ing and Configuration Table LVDS Technical Camera Signal Requirements essen eB eee Camera Control Signals sss P epica Camera Link Video Timing ener Bit Assignments According to Configuration Appendix B Error Handling and Command List All Available Commands nn Appendix C EMC Declaration of Conformity sene Appendix D Revision VISTO Rm Index 03 032 20024 01 6 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Introduction to the Falcon 148100 Camera 11 Camera Highlights 111 Features e 1 4 megapixels 1400 H x 1024 V resolution e Global shutter non rolling shutter for crisp images e 100 fps model e Compact camera body 44mm x 44mm x 44mm fits into the smallest of places e Base mini Camera Link SDR26 cable interface for greater ease of use e Enhanced data drive capability Achieves 80M Hz data with 10m cables e Vertical windowing for faster frame rate e 7Aum x 7 4um pixel pitch e Good near infrared NIR response e 2x80MHz data rates e 8or 10 bit selectable output e Dynamic range of 57dB 8 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 112 Programmability e Simple ASCII protocol controls gain offset frame rates trigger mo
55. ing parameter conventions are used in the manual 03 032 20024 01 26 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual e i integer value real number m member of a set Value must be entered exactly as displayed on help screen s string t tap id x pixel column number y pixel row number Example to retrieve the current camera settings gcp CR 41 Setting Baut Rate The baud rate sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port Serial Command Purpose Sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port 5yntax sbr m Syntax Elements m Baud rate Available baud rates are 9600 default 19200 57600 and 115200 Notes e The re reset camera command will not reset the camera to the power on baud rate and will reboot using the last used baud rate Example sbr 57600 CamExpert Parameter The baud rate is available as a read only parameter on the Camera Information tab 42 Camera Serial Command Help Screen For quick help the camera can retrieve all available serial commands and parameters through the serial interface To view the help screen use the serial command Syntax h The help screen lists all commands available Parameter ranges displayed are the ranges available under the current operating conditions Note that certain parameter settings can limit the available range of other parameters 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual DALSA Example Help Screen ccf Correction calculate
56. ise and fall times to achieve a theoretical maximum transmission rate of 1 923 Gbps into a loss less medium The low signal swing also means that the standard is not dependent on a particular supply voltage LVDS uses current mode drivers which limit power consumption The differential signals are immune to 1 V common mode noise This section provides definitions for the signals used in the Camera Link interface The standard Camera Link cable provides camera control signals serial communication and video data The Channel Link technology is integral to the transmission of video data Image data and image enable signals are transmitted on the Channel Link bus Four enable signals are defined as e FVAL Frame Valid FVAL is defined HIGH for valid lines e LVAL Line Valid LVAL is defined HIGH for valid pixels DALSA 03 032 20024 01 70 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual e DVAL Data Valid DVAL is defined HIGH when data is valid e Spare A spare has been defined for future use All four enable signals must be provided by the camera on each Channel Link chip All unused data bits must be tied to a known value by the camera For more information on image data bit allocations refer to the official Camera Link specification on the www dalsa com Web site Four LVDS pairs are reserved for general purpose camera control They are defined as camera inputs and frame grabber outputs Camera manufacturers can define these signals to
57. lculations Higher values cause calibration to take longer but provide the most accurate results 5yntax css i Syntax Elements i Number of frames to sample Allowable values are 32 default 64 128 256 512 or 1024 Notes To return the current setting use the gcp command Example css 1024 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 90 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 4 9 3 Performing FPN Calibration Calibrating All Camera Pixels Purpose Syntax Notes Example 03 032 20024 01 Performs FPN calibration and eliminates FPN noise by subtracting away individual pixel dark current ccf ccf Before performing this command stop all light from entering the camera Tip cover lens with a lens cap The goal is to subtract all non uniformities and offsets to obtain a 0 DN output in dark Analog offset should be set to 0 since it gets subtracted out during FPN calibration Set the digital gain to 1 x gain ssg 0 4096 since during calibration it is forced to 1 x gain Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction The cef command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can perform FPN calibration An error message is returned if you attempt to perform FPN calibration when using csn 0 If you are operating the camera in test pattern mode svm 1 8 you must turn off exposure correction eec 0 prior to running the cc
58. mber s string m member ofa set get camera model get camera parameters get camera serial get camera version get command parameter Get FPN Coefficient get help get sync frequency help Load pixel coefficients reset camera restore factory settings reset pixel coefficients restore user settings set horizontal binning set baud rate 03 032 20024 01 Syntax epc gcm gep gcs gcv get gfc gh gsf lpc rc rfs sbr Parameters L x Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Description Enables or disables FPN and PRNU coefficients The first parameter sets the FPN coefficients where i is 0 FPN coefficients disabled 1 FPN coefficients enabled The second parameter sets the PRNU coefficients where i is 0 PRNU coefficients disabled 1 PRNU coefficients enabled Read the camera model number Read all of the camera parameters Read the camera serial number Read the firmware version and FPGA version Display value of camera command s x 1 1400 y 14024 Display the get help screen Displays the frames per second i 1 Display the online help Reset the entire camera reboot Restore the camera s factory settings Resets the pixel coefficients to factory settings Restore the camera s last saved user settings Sets the horizontal binning 1 no binning 2 each pixel value is formed from 2 adjacent pixels effectively reducing t
59. must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can save FPN coefficients An error message is returned if you attempt to save FPN coefficients when using csn 0 To return the current csn number send the command get csn Example wfc DALSA 03 032 20024 01 54 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Loading Pixel Coefficients Purpose Loads the last saved user coefficients or original factory coefficients from non volatile memory Syntax lpc Notes Thecoefficient set that you are loading is determined by the csn value Refer to the section Selecting Factory or User Settings for an explanation of the csn command To return the current csn number send the command get csn Example lpc Resetting the Current Pixel Coefficients Purpose Resets the current user coefficients to zero This command also resets saved coefficients to zero resulting in raw video without correction being output from the camera Syntax rpc Notes The rpc command is not available when the camera is using the factory calibrated coefficients csn 0 You must select the user coefficient set csn 1 before you can reset pixel coefficients An error message is returned if you attempt to reset pixel coefficients when using csn 0 To return the current csn number send the command get csn The user flat field coefficient settings can be loaded or saved using the Power Up Configuration dialog available through the Power Up Configuration parameter on
60. n 10 C occurs or if you change the frame rate or integration time PRNU correction requires a clean white reference The quality of this reference is important for proper calibration White paper is often not sufficient because the grain in the white paper will distort the correction White plastic or white ceramic will lead to better balancing DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 45 DALSA For best results ensure that 1 60 Hz ambient light flicker is sufficiently low not to affect camera performance and calibration results The brightest pixel should be slightly below the target output If the target is too close then some pixels may not be able to reach their full swing 1023 DN dynamic range due to the correction applied by the camera When 6 25 of pixels from a single row within the region of interest are clipped flat field correction results may be inaccurate Correction results are valid only for the current analog offset values The following is a flat field calibration example using serial commands The camera is placed in sem 2 Settings such as frame rate exposure time and so forth are set as close as possible to actual operating conditions Set the digital gain to 1 x gain ssg 0 1024 and background subtract to 0 ssb 0 0 as these are the defaults during FFC calibration In addition ensure that you are in non concurrent operation In non concurrent mode readout and integration do not overlap thus elimi
61. n exposure time longer than Ehe Internal SYNC Internal integration Frame period the Frame period is autamatically adjusted sem 2 Exposure Frame Period Readout Falcon Exposure Control Dialog DALSA 03 032 20024 01 38 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 4 7 3 Exposure Modes in Detail Mode 2 Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Exposure Time Default The parameter being programmed that is frame rate or exposure time will be the driving factor so that when setting the frame rate exposure time will decrease if necessary to accommodate the new frame rate In reverse the frame rate is decreased if necessary when the exposure time entered is greater than the frame period Internally generated EXSYNC Exposure Time Exposure Time lt Programmable set Programmable set Readout Time Readout Time Programmable ssf Programmable ssf Frame Time Frame Time FVAL FVAL Note The camera will not set frame periods shorter than the readout period If a frame rate is set using the ss command to a time shorter than the readout period the camera will automatically adjust the frame period to be at least as long as the readout time Mode 4 Smart EXSYNC External Frame Rate and Exposure Time In this mode EXSYNC sets both the frame period and the exposure time The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling
62. n used to determine the frame rate from active rows is Frame rate 106 9 5 x of rows 71 Serial Command To set a window of interest e Set the window coordinates using the window start end command wse 0 1 x y x y 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual DALSA 43 The maximum frame rate increases as you decrease the sequence size Purpose Sets a window of interest Syntax wse q i 1 yl x2 y2 Syntax Elements q Window sequence id to use In this camera the sequence id is always 0 1 Window to set You can only set one window so this is always 1 x1 Window horizontal start corner pixel number in a range from 0 1399 and must belong to the following 1 9 9 pa 1999 yl Window vertical start corner pixel number in a range from 0 1023 x2 Window horizontal end corner pixel number in a range from 15 1399 must belong to the following set 15 19 1399 The minimum window width is 16 pixels y2 Window vertical end pixel number in range from 1 1023 Example wse 0 1 1 13 1399 1023 The serial ASCII commands let you set the x and y coordinates of the top left and lower right corners of the window Through CamExpert the window is defined by its size and of offset of the top left corner of the window The sensor window size and offset can be specified using the Sensor Width Sensor Height Sensor Left Offset and Sensor Top Offset parameters available through the Camera Control tab C
63. nating some residual artifacts associated with concurrent operation Place the camera in the dark and send the ccf command This performs the FPN correction and automatically saves the FPN coefficients to non volatile memory Set epc 1 0 which enables the FPN correction and verify the signal output is close to 0 DN Leave epc 1 0 for the next step since the cpa target assumes there is no FPN Illuminate the sensor such that with epc 1 0 it reaches 5076 7076 saturation Send cpa 2 T where is typically 1 3 x the average output level This is important since if the target it too low 1 1 x then some pixels may not be able to reach full swing 1023 DN due to corrections applied by the camera If satisfied by the results write the FPN coefficients and PRNU coefficients to memory wfc and wpc How can one match gain and offset values on multiple cameras One way is of course to use flat field correction All cameras would be set up under the same conditions including lighting and then calibrated with ccf and cpa This can be time consuming and complicated especially the white target Another way is to use analog offset and system gain digital gain Starting from factory settings sao 0 0 ssg 0 1024 epc1 1 take note what the highest dark offset is among the set of cameras If the highest dark offset is higher than about 16 DN 10 bit you might want to consider recalibrating the FPN correction ccf Large differences in dark
64. ng Settings 29 4 5 1 Factory SettingS CE 29 4 5 2 User Emm 30 4 6 Camera Output Format sese 31 4 6 1 How to Configure Camera Output seen 31 4 6 2 Setting the Camera s Pixel Rate essere 33 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 4 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 4 7 Setting Exposure Mode Frame Rate and Exposure Time 33 4 7 1 Non Concurrent vs Concurrent Modes of 33 4 7 2 Setting the Exposure Mode and Time enne 35 4 7 3 Exposure Modes in Detall sene 38 474 Setting the Frame Rate 4 41 4 8 Setting a Vertical Window of Interest sss 42 4 8 1 Frame Rate vs Active Lines seen 42 4 9 Flat Field COmectiON 44 4 9 1 CamExpert Calibration Wizard sss 47 4 9 2 Selecting Factory or User Coefficient seen 48 4 9 3 Enabling Pixel Coefficients ee 48 494 Selecting the Calibration Sample Size sene 49 4 9 5 Performing FPN Calibratigm 50 4 9 6 Performing PRNU Calibratiom sese 92 4 9 7 Saving Loading and Resetting Coefficients ee 53 4 10 Cain PROMS UNOS 56 4 10 1 Factory Calibrated Analog GaingsS 56 4 10 2 Setting Digital System Gain seennennennnnnnnnnnnn 56 4 10 3 Subtracting Background
65. ntax Elements f Set the frame rate in Hz in a range from 0 1 101 9 full frame 80 MHz pixel rate or 0 1 51 1 full frame 40 MHz pixel rate Range increases when using a window of interest Related Commands sem set Example ssf 25 0 The frame rate can be specified using the Frame Rate Hz parameter available through the Camera Control tab Camera Control Parameters x Value lt Camera Link Mode 3 10 bits Output Throughput 160 Test Image Selector Video Digital Offset DN 0 System Gain 1024 Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Falcon Frame Rate Hz on Camera Control Tab 03 032 20024 01 42 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 48 Setting a Vertical Window of Interest A window of interest is a subset of a full frame image that is desired as output from the camera Because the sensor is outputting only the designated window of interest the benefit is an increase in frame rate and a reduction in data volume You can set both the horizontal and vertical window however only decreasing the vertical window increases the frame rate 481 Frame Rate vs Active Lines The following chart describes the frame rate vs active rows achieved using a 80 MHz pixel clock and an exposure time of 40 us 3500 3000 2500 2000 Frame Rate 1500 1000 500 16 32 64 128 256 640 800 1024 Active Rows The equatio
66. power to the camera test all power supplies Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation Do not use damaged cables or connectors or camera may be damaged Connect the mini Camera Link and power cables After connecting cables apply power to the camera Check the diagnostic LED If camera is operating correctly the LED will flash for 10 seconds and then turn solid green See the section 2 2 1 LED Status Indicator on page 17 for a description of LED states You must also set up the other components of your system including light sources camera mounts computers optics encoders and so on Note when unscrewing the mini Camera Link cable from the Falcon camera ensure the connector mounting screws do not become attached to the cable thumbscrews in this case simply screw the connector mounting screw back into the camera connector mounting DALSA Connector Mounting Screws 03 032 20024 01 16 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual A note on Camera Link cable quality and length The maximum allowable Camera Link cable length depends on the quality of the cable used and the Camera Link strobe frequency Cable quality degrades over time as the cable is flexed As the Camera Link strobe frequency is increased the maximum allowable cable length will decrease DALSA does not guarantee good imaging performance with low quality cables of any length In general DALSA recommends the use of high quality cables in lengths less than
67. profile during live acquisition e Camera pane Allows selecting any camera file that is included with the Sapera installation Only camera files supported by the selected acquisition device are displayed When there is more than one acquisition server such as monochrome and RGB selecting an inappropriate camera file will produce a message prompting you to select the correct acquisition server e Output Messages Displays messages from CamExpert or the device driver e Camera Serial Link Command Displays commands sent from CamExpert to the Falcon camera You can also manually enter serial commands at the command prompt in this pane e Video Status bar Located on the lower right of the CamExpert window color coded camera signal status information is displayed It is green for valid signals detected and red for missing or incorrect signals Video status items may differ with different devices Most of these panes can be hidden via the menu bar view command Typically after selecting an acquisition device and loading a camera file the Device and Camera windows can be closed 3 1 2 CamExpert LUT Controls DALSA The CamExpert Lookup Table dialog allows you to configure LUTs available on your frame grabber board Note The Falcon on board LUT can only be configured using the camera serial commands and not CamExpert CamExpert configures frame grabber LUTs only Falcon cameras do not have on camera To open this dialog
68. s power connector data connector Electrical Interface Input Voltage Power Dissipation Operating Temperature Data Output Format Output Data Configuration Operating Ranges Minimum Frame Rate Maximum Frame Rate Data Rate Dynamic Range 10 bits nominal gain Random Noise Broadband Responsivity Units pixels 9 Units Units Units Volts E Bits MHz Ratio DN rms Notes 1400Hx1024V 60 2 Tap Interleaved odd even Notes 17 52 4 100 microns 100 microns 150 microns 0 2 C mount Notes 44 x 44 x 44 105g 6 pin male Hirose SDR26 female mini Camera Link Notes 12V to 15V lt 3 0 to 50 1 8 or 10 user selectable Base mini Camera Link Notes 100 2 80 602 1 2 1 7 DN nJ cm 12 03 032 20024 01 03 032 20024 01 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Operating Ranges Units Notes DC Offset DN 1 5 Antiblooming gt 1000 x Saturation FPN DN rms 12 5 PRNU DN rms 4 5 6 Integral non linearity DN 2 3 Test conditions unless otherwise noted Exposure mode 2 sem 2 100 fps ssf 100 9000 millisecond exposure time set 9000 Light Source Broadband Quartz Halogen 3250K with 750 nm cutoff filter e Ambient test temperature 25 C e Full Frame e 10 bits Notes e Measured at the front plate e Based on output at 1022DN e Output over 10 90 e Optical distance e Flat field correction applied with 9000 ms exposure at 50 fps in
69. ses 5 windows to simplify choosing and configuring camera files or acquisition parameters for the installed device e Device pane View and select from any installed Sapera acquisition device After a device is selected CamExpert only presents acquisition parameters applicable to that device e Camera Information Parameters pane Allows viewing or changing all acquisition parameters supported by the acquisition device CamExpert displays parameters only if those parameters are supported by the installed device This avoids confusion by eliminating parameter choices when they do not apply to the hardware in use e Display pane Provides a live or single frame acquisition display Frame buffer parameters are shown in an information bar above the image window e Control Buttons The Display pane includes CamExpert control buttons These are Acquisition control button Click once to start live grab click again to stop Single frame grab Click to acquire one frame from device Software trigger button With the I O control parameters set to Trigger Enabled Software Trigger type click to send a single software trigger command CamExpert display controls these do not modify the frame buffer data Stretch image to fit set image display to original size or zoom 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 23 the image to any size and ratio uh Histogram Profile tool Select to view a histogram or line column
70. sg value max output value max output value ssb value Related Commands ssg Example ssb 0 25 03 032 20024 01 58 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual The background subtraction is set using the Subtract Background DIN parameter available on the Camera Control tab Lamera Control Parameters x Value A Test Image Selector Video Digital Offset DM 0 Sistem Gain 1024 NA Enable Flat Field Correction Enabled Mirroring Mode Disabled Binning Horizontal Disabled 4 Camera Inform Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer a Falcon Subtract Background on Camera Control Tab 411 Generating a Test Pattern The Falcon camera includes a built in test pattern generator that can be used to confirm camera connections or driver installations without the need for a camera lens or proper lighting The pattern generator inserts video just after the sensor A D converter therefore Falcon processing such as the LUT act on the generator images or on sensor images Serial Command Purpose Generates a test pattern to aid in system debugging The test patterns are useful for verifying proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber The following table shows each available test pattern Syntax svm i Syntax Elements i 0 Video 4 Test pattern horizontal ramp 5 Test pattern vertical ramp 6 X Test pattern diagonal ramp 7 Reserved for DALSA product support 8 Reserved for DALSA product support When switching
71. sscsccscsscsscsssessessesseceecsessseessessessesesateates 9 1 3 Responsivity and Quantum Efficiency sss 11 1 4 Camera Cosmetic Specifications 4 12 1 4 1 Sensor Cosmetic Specifications sss 12 1 4 2 Cosmetic Specification sss 13 Camera Hardware Interface 15 2 1 Installation OVerVieW noo nor noo narran cr ncr nro nnn nnn nnn nnne nnn nnn 15 2 2 Input Output Connectors and 16 221 LED StAtUs MIC gt 17 2 2 2 Camera Link Data eerte 17 2 2 3 Input Signals Camera Link 4 19 2 24 Output Signals Camera LinkK eese 19 229 PONSPGODDBCIOE a T 20 Sapera CamExpert Guide 21 3 1 Using CamExpert with Falcon Cameras et 21 3 1 1 CamExpert User 22 3 1 2 LUT Controls ccc cscsecssecsecsececsscessessessesseseesesseseesessesesesatsaees 23 Software Interface How to Control the Camera 20 4 1 Setting 26 4 2 Camera Serial Command Help Screen 26 4 3 Retrieving Information About the Camera sss 28 4 3 1 Retrieving Camera SettingS 28 4 4 First Power Up Camera Settings 29 4 4 1 FA 20 01M1H ee ee ae re ee er 29 4 5 Saving and Restori
72. tabs eroup Falcon parameters depending on their type as described in the summary below Each Falcon configuration parameter is described in detail following the summary Camera Information Displays Falcon firmware details such as camera model version and serial number Users can set the User ID and set the power up configuration mode Camera Control Displays both static and variable sensor parameters that are Falcon model specific Variable parameters control Falcon exposure gain and exposure controls The internal test image is selected here External Trigger Provides controls for trigger source and detection configuration Image Buffer and ROI Provides controls for buffer pixel depth image size and cropping DALSA 03 032 20024 01 22 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 3 1 1 User Interface a LamExpert Untitled File View Output Pre Processing Advanced SerialPort Help vM Camera Information Parameters x ipi x Display x 403 Image Viewer Parameter Value rre ue T Tr EH m i ra na Nigger Ela b4LL_iPro_1 Camera Model FA 20 01M1H DD R Su e e ZE I EFA 20 01M1H OO F Camera Serial 18000036 Power Up Configuration Setting Position 501 y 207 Value 00E1 Frame sec 0 0 fis Resolution 1400 Pixels 1024 Lines Video status Pixel Clock Present Frame Valid Present Line Valid Present 7 The CamExpert application u
73. teed if your power supply does not meet these requirements WARNING It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera Incorrect voltages will damage the camera Protect the camera with a fast blow fuse between power supply and camera Visit the www dalsa com Web site for a list of companies that make power supplies that meet the camera s requirements The companies listed should not be considered the only choices 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 21 3 1 Using CamExpert with Falcon Cameras CamExpert is the camera interfacing tool supported by the Sapera library When used with a Falcon camera CamExpert allows a user to test all Falcon operating modes Additionally CamExpert saves the Falcon user settings configuration to the camera or saves multiple configurations as individual camera parameter files on the host system ccf An important component of CamExpert is its live acquisition display window which allows immediate verification of timing or control parameters without the need to run a separate acquisition program k For context sensitive help click on the button then click on a camera configuration parameter A short description of the configuration parameter will be shown in a popup Click on the Y button to open the help file for more descriptive information on CamExpert The central section of CamExpert provides access to the Falcon parameters Five
74. the Camera Information tab Camera Information Parameters x Value Active Load Version HONS o CATIA ser SSS Camera Information Camera Control External Trigger Image Buffer and AOI Falcon Test Power Up Configuration on Camera Information Tab 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 55 Power Up configuration Falcon Test Power Up Configuration Dialog Set 0 contains the factory settings and Set 1 contains the user settings Enable the Flatfield FPN and PRNU coefficients checkbox to load or save the user flat field coefficients DALSA 03 032 20024 01 96 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 410 Gain Adjustments 4110 1 Factory Calibrated Analog Gains The camera has a factory calibrated analog gain setting Adjustment of analog gain is not available to the user however digital gain is available using the set system gain serial command ssg 4 10 2 Setting Digital System Gain Purpose Syntax Syntax Elements Notes Example 03 032 20024 01 1 Increases the overall gain of the camera 2 Improves signal output swing after a background subtract When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal using the ssb command the output can no longer reach its maxim m Use this command to correct for this where max output value max output value ssb value ssg value ssg ti t Sensor tap selection This is always 0 for all taps Gain setting The gain ranges ar
75. the camera from video mode svm 0 to one of the test pattern modes svm 4 thru 8 the camera turns off any digital gain ssg and background subtract 03 032 20024 01 DALSA Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual 99 ssb settings currently being used The gcp screen does not turn off these settings and displays tle settings used prior to switching to test pattern mode When returning to video mode svm 0 the digital gain background subtract and exposure control settings are returned to their prior state Example svm 5 Test 8 Bit 10 Bit Pattern Horizontal Ramp svm 4 Vertical Ramp svm 5 Diagonal Ramp svm 5 DALSA 03 032 20024 01 60 03 032 20024 01 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual CamExpert is used to easily enable and select the Falcon test patterns As shown in the following figure select the Camera Control tab then select one of the available patterns from the Test Image Selector drop menu Select live grab to see the pattern output Camera Control Parameters x Value Camera Link Mode 3 10 bits Frame Hate Hz 10 n L Test Image Selector Digital Offset DM Subtract Background DN ea Enable Flat Field Correction jq Alternating 1 Alternating line 2 Diagonal ramp Mirroring Mode Binning Horizontal Disabled Camera Infor Control External Trig Image Buffer Falcon Test Image Selector on Cam
76. value All other pixel values are then calculated linearly i Input pixel value Possible values are 0 1023 i Output pixel value Possible values are 0 1023 Enables or disables the camera LUT 0 LUT disabled 1 LUT enabled Enables or disables mirroring mode 0 disabled 1 enabled Sets the output throughput Possible values are 80 or 160 MHz x 1 1400 y 1 1024 i 0 255 03 032 20024 01 76 Parameters t tap id i integer value real number s string m member ofa set 03 032 20024 01 Command Set subtract background set sync frequency set system gain set video mode upload CBF file verify temperature verify voltage window start end write FPN coefficients write PRNU coefficients write user settings Syntax ssb ssf ssg svm upd vt wse wfc Parameters ti i i 1 yl x2 y2 Falcon 1 4M100 Camera Manual Description t 0 0 i 0 511 Sets the frame rate in Hz to a value from 0 095 to 102 354 Sets the digital gain t Tap selection Allowable value is 0 for all taps Gain value is specified from 0 to 65535 The digital video values are multiplied by this number Sets the camera s video mode 0 Video mode 4 Test pattern horizontal ramp 5 Test pattern vertical ramp 6 Test pattern diagonal ramp 7 Test pattern FPN 8 Test pattern PRNU Returns the current temperature of the camera Returns t

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