COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Contents
1. Tape Unit Software and ProgramminJG ooooooooo o o 1 E LA NN IS TAPE UNIT INSTALLATION AND CHECK OUT oooooreor r avo Tape Unit r Re LACT OM EE Tape Unit CHECK SOUT Ia LA NO NO NO D van Te l H HH HL TAPE UNIT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE oooooooooo o Tape Cartridge Insertion and Removal oooooooono o Periodic Tape Unit Maintenance eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Read Write Head Cleanihldj osi 499 E ue E E s Tape Cleaner Component CleaninJG o oooroorrrrrrorroroo o Motor Capstan Cleanipng eeeeeeaeeeeoeeeeeeeeneneaeee F2 WWE Ka Ka P W CO C29 CO Uy FILE BACK UP AND RECOVERY d Row a RC aa File Back up and Recovery Requirements l Back up Recovery CapabilititS oooooooooooooooooooo dl Tape Interchange Program TIP oooooooooooooooooo4 1 File Back up Utilizing TIP 99 sora Y 2 TIP File Name ConventionSa s esse e e ees s esse sees sees sss r A Tape Interchange Program TIP Operation w r Invoking TIP and Entering TIP Commands dB TIP COMMANAS a a EE aaa TIP File Name ParameterSe oooooorornoroonoonro rnoooo o 4 7 TIP Back up and Restore Function Examples 4 9 TIP Tape Recording Procedure s ss s e s sss sss sees sese ss 4 14 ERROR CODES TROUBLESHOOTING AND PROBLEM DEACNOSTICSS 5 SEES AER AAA AR TIP Error Conditio0MS o oooonosoenrunnnnn nsn File Specification ErrO0FS ooorororrrrronnornnnnoros Inadequate Disk Space DUringReStoOre ccccrcccvcvecsce Full2. Area within dotted line is seen from front panel Figure 3 1 Tape Unit Components Requiring Cleaning i 2 3 2 1 Continued CAUTION SPRAY TYPE HEAD CLEANERS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED AN OVERSPRAY MAY CONTAMINATE THE MOTOR BEARINGS NEVER CLEAN THE HEAD WITH ANY HARD OBJECT THIS WILL RESULT IN PERMANENT HEAD DAMAGE 36202 Tape Cleaner Component Cleaning The tape cleaner removes loose tape oxide and other foreign material from the tape beore it contacts the head This foreign material accumulates in and around the tape cleaner and must be removed to ensure that the tape cleaner will continue to work effectively The tape cleaner should be cleaned on the same schedule as the head To clean the tape cleaner component insert a folded sheet of paper in the bottom of the cleaning slot of the tape cleaner and lift up This will lift out the foreign material gathered around the tape cleaner Compressed air or an air brush can also be used During alternate cleaning periods the same materials used to clean the heads can be used CAUTION DO NOT USE ANY HARD OBJECTS TO CLEAN THE TAPE CLEANER IF THE TAPE CLEANER SHOULD BECOME CHIPPED IT COULD SCRATCH THE TAPE SURFACE RESULTING IN LOST DATA AND OR PERMANENT DAMAGE 2392493 Motor Capstan Cleaning The drive capstan is composed of hard polyurethane and must be cleaned after foreign material has built up Clean the capstan using isopropyl alcohol and a cotton swab The cleaning schedule
3. COMPUTER SYSTEMS ALTOS MAGNETIC TAPE UNIT SUBSYSTEM USER S MANUAL October 1981 ALTOS COMPUTER SYSTEMS 236 Bering Drive San Jose Californina 95131 ALTOS MAGNETIC TAPE UNIT SUBSYSTEM USER S MANUAL October 1981 Copyright c ALTOS Computer Systems 236 Bering Drive San Jose California 95131 NOTICE ALTOS Computer systems makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose ALTOS Computer systems assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document ALTOS Computer Systems makes no committment to update nor to keep current the information contained in this document The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of ALTOS Computer Systems Section 5 1 1 eZ 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 2 1 HS 3 3 1 3 2 Se eli E 22 E 4 4 1 4 2 d eet 4 2 2 A265 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 v 5 1 5 53 5 4 5 5 Da A i 5 54 2 5 5333 5 5 4 e We o Table of Contents Title Page ENTRODUGT ION 323 92 SR Ee a 5 Tape Unit Hardware FeatuleS s o oersnncoser soc Data Format on Tape lt e sese seg eggs 6 0 6 8 0 6 ni e Error Recognition and Correcti0N ooorrorroronnosros Magnetic Tape Cartridge Medild s 94 9 si
4. and that no operations which assume a tape location will provide expected data Write enabled This flag tells the program whether the tape cartridge has the safe indicator ON indicating the cartridge is write protected If this bit is set to 1 the cartridge is not write protected DEFINITION Reserved This bit is reserved for later use It is always set to l 5 5 4 Continued Bit 6 Data Block available A tape read or Search operation has been successfully completed and the data is available to be read into the control unit buffer Bits 5 amp 4 Command status These bits indicate the results of every tape operation The return codes are 00 Operation Successful 0l The operation was aborted without tape movement 0l Read operation aborted after 16 retries 11 The specified input parameters requesting an operation were invalid This is usually a programming error Bits 3 amp 2 Current tape drive The tape unit allows up to 4 tape units to be daisy chained on the same data bus These bits indicate the selected drive Presently only 1 MTU is available to the user These bits are thus always set to 00 indicating drive 1 is selected Bit 1 0 Current track These bits indicate which of the current tracks is being accessed When the end of a track is encountered the tape unit automatical ly rewinds the tape cartridge and selects the next track unless the tape was already on track four The bit in
5. Cr en es 7 Le ze E ras Ln Coe JL Im Lee 51 Es 58 JL sm Ce 1 5581 Ls Las Ce E C aE as as E JL 5 3 1 E88 E sx jis Ji Calais Figure 6 1 8200 PCB with Tape Controller PCB Mounted 6 1 1 Continued e Es Locate and remove the white six wire power connector it is to the left of Matrix position 13K on the 8200 CPU PCB See Figure 6 1 Install the Tape Controller PCB onto the 8200 chassis in location 14M The PCB makes two interconnections on the 8200 chassis 1 The pins on the PCB will mate with the 40 pin socket at location 14M 2 The pins from which the plastic connector was removed in step e above will mate with the 6 pin connector on the 8200 PCB when placed properly Insert the white six wire power connector removed in step e above onto the six pin connector on the rear of the Tape Controller PCB at P2 The red wire of the connector should be on the right when viewed from the front of the 8200 PCB Be sure the lip on the connector securely inter locks with the lip on the Tape Controller PCB Remove the 50 pin rear panel additional disk connector Figure 6 2 from the 8000 computer and from the header at J2 of the 8200 PCB Figure 6 1 Save the hardware for next step Attach the 50 pin ribbon cable supplied with the Tape Controller to the rear panel of the 8000 computer at tne additional disk connector shown in Figure 6 2 and secure it with the hard
6. GND GND 12 Y LEV 5V ER cl I Ce Ce luf ABO ARI AB2 AB3 AB4 ABS AB6 ABT Yit cz So pt E 5 4 a e E 3 J Q 2 5 06377 TPWAIT Ha 444123 A ABS TPwR 6 sc s LOWR T y 74LS32 ARS decy Qe M A eC PAE 74LS10 L I 3 q 6 d ABT Es TORD jac T4LSIO 141500 owg Q 7 L500 41K 145 RPE R Nas e E asy D2 12 Git WND D3 3 d Fur BE Ed ise D5 gt D EWS D e Si LPS D7 RDy 7415240 2 ey 741500 WDS RNZ RDS DAD 7415240 SLI SL2 TM TR2 SLT 741524 0 REV FWD HSP WEN RWD SLG p DS DG D7 SLD KDY WND FLG LPS FUP 6s Y EWS KWD Rev FWD HSP WEN SLI SL2 SLG fuz RDS DAD WNZ TAL WDS TR HEMIATIC BIO TAPE ORINE CONTROLER B500 DO 32 2 RES f
7. load point and early warning location The tape unit controller automatically recognizes these sensor indicators and ensures that data is written 6 inches beyond the loading point and will continue no more than 36 inches beyond the early warning location indicator In order to take advantage of these sensor indictors the selected media cartridges should incorporate these features as per the ANSI compatability specifications Tape cartridges of both 300 and 450 feet will be accepted by the tape unit The storage capacity of these cartridges depends upon the length of the records being written The longer the records the fewer the number of inter record gaps IRGs and hence the greater the efficiency of the unit Table 1 1 lists storage capacities of formatted tape cartridges based on differing block lengths Table 1 1 Storage Capacities Formatted Tape Cartridges BLOCK SIZE BLOCK LTH 300 TAPE 450 TAPE BYTES INCHES RECORDS MBYTES RECORD MBY the 8192 Byte Block is used by TIP Handling and storage of tape cartridges are critical to the reliability and overall performance of the tape unit subsystem Excessive heat humidity or exposure to magnetic fields will cause substantial increases in the rate of both temporary and permanent tape media errors The user is cautioned to follow the handling and storage recommendations of the tape manfacturer to insure satisfactory performance of the tape unit subsystem 1 5 Tape Unit Softwar
8. cause the end of data marks to be placed at the end of the new file which was added 4 3 4 1 Continued To obtain a printed list of the directory of the tape the user will enter a P before invoking the directory command D After the directory has been displayed and printed tne user will press return to execute a warm boot and return to operating system control 4 3 4 2 Restoration Example A problem with the payroll system has developed The TAXES FIL file has been inadvertently destroyed on the disk and must be restored from the tape The sequence once tne proper cartridge has been inserted into the unit is TIP press return invoke TIP Menu is displayed R press return invoke tape to disk restoration Prompt FILE NAME TAXES FIL press return PROMPT IGNORE SOURCE DEVICE CODE Y OR N If you want restoration of this file to be from tape to the currentiy logged on drive and the file was originally backed up from the same drive respond with either Y or N If you want restoration of this file to be from tape to the currently logged on drive and the file was not originally backed up from tne same drive respond with Y If you want restoration of this file to be from tape to the drive disk from which it was backed up and that drive is not the currently logged on drive respond with N Restoration will be from tape to the drive from which the file was originally backed up This next situation is one in
9. fills the unused portion of the tape block with 00H 4 15 4 16 Blank Sue ERROR CODES TROUBLESHOOTING AND PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS m Omss OO A AA AA ODUDOImGMXILNLLLALAEOAL0LULAMMMMMAMAMAAAO E 5 1 TIP Error Conditions The error conditions encountered by TIP fall into 2 categories a User errors specifying incorrect file names incorrect spelling improper format when entering commands b Tape media or tape unit problems found by TIP and not allowing TIP to properly perform a valid user command 52 File Specification Errors If a user specifies an invalid file name TIP will respond with tne display FILE NAME BAD REENTER If the user enters a file name that does not exist TIP will display FILE NOT FOUND 5 3 Inadequate Disk Space During Restore If an attempt is made to restore files to a disk that does not have sufficient space TIP will inform the user that restoration is being aborted and return to the command menu It is up to the user to ensure that sufficient space is available If an abort occurs the user must insert a new cartridge and restore selectively those files which were not restored on tne previous cartridge 5 4 Full Tape Cartridge Conditions TIP allows the user to back up files to as many tape cartridges as necessary When multiple tape back up files are restored TIP performs error checking to catch instances where the tapes have been inserted into the tape unit out o
10. is informed and the cartridge will have to be removed for only a write operation There is no override for a write protected tape To remove the tape cartridge simply pull it from the unit NOTE do not attempt to remove the tape cartridge while any type of data transfer is underway 342 Periodic Tape Unit Maintenance Three components of the tape unit require periodic maintenance in order to insure overall system reliability The Cleaning removes contaminants from the tape unit components which come into direct contact with the tape media Cleaning insures that there will be adequate direct contact between the read write head of the tape unit and the tape itself The location of the components which require Cleaning are shown in figure 3 1 The unit should be turned off before any cleaning is done The components to be cleaned are accessed through the cartridge loading slot A flashlight should be used to better view the components 5 261 Read Write Head Cleaning The magnetic read write head should be cleaned daily if the tape unit is in regular use Dirty heads may cause data drop outs and error conditions during read or write operations Use a non residue non corrosive cleaning agent such as Dupont Freon TF or isopropyl alcohol and a cotton swab to clean the head assembly Be sure to wipe off any excess and allow the heads to dry completely before operating the unit 3 1 WEN e SE TAPE CLEANER CAPSTAN a a verre
11. must match exactly the name specified including the disk drive specified during the back up or append operation Second if the disk drive is specified then the disk file to be compared is presumed to be located on the specified disk drive The format for the disk drive specification is the drive letter followed by a colon Example E If no disk drive entry is made the currently logged drive is used by default The file name indicates the or files to be backed up or restored by TIP As described earlier file names may be Group or Unambiguous file names CP M or MP M When TIP is used under either CP M or MP M operating systems the user may specify that the files to be backed up or restored must reference a specific user number If no user number is specified then the current user number is used as the default value An asterisk indicates that all user numbers meet the match criteria The entry requires that an opening bracket letter G user number or and closing bracket 1 be used Example G6 This would indicate user 0 4 3 4 TIP Back up and Restore Function Examples In this example the user wishes to back up all data and program files for an application called PAYROLL to the tape cartridge The application programs are located on the floppy diskette in drive B All of the program file names begin with PAY and are followed by other identifiers such as INP OUT with a file type of INT Example
12. the 22 inch 5 pin cable con nector at J2 on the tape controller board and the other end into the rear panel of the Computer at JC Secure with nuts and screws provided with your kit f If you have an ACS8000 10 or and U K 10 take the 6 wire power cable connector and insert one end at P1 on the tape controller board and the other end at J3jon the power supply inside the rear panel of the Computer g It you do not have a hard disk controller board connected to the 8508 board there are two power connectors bound together by plastic wrapping Carefully cut the plastic wrapping that binds the 2 white power connectors on the 8500 board a TT O mE 3 E c23 22K GE Da Es USt eee Jane 2IL aaja e305 2IN i es a 1 Co 090 it R ID UO es loS E E e a Kai i4 J R44 o aT E dE 44 B1 cas er qt mado RPS RP4 LH CRA 2103 Jee com J Lion Te Pea Jt ss TU sc 100 Tas J se JD ee De Us DST 0t 8 05 s 005 ee 34 JE 38 J0 t 3e yf J 38 395 se Jr se X084 Il 0t s 008 00 5c XD Ura 08 s 3005 0 CoA Je ea Y ec YD OX we Qt ee Jt ee Ute J JS ex JU ec D Ot es MM e 10 t aal se 100 se Y US e YDs se JD se JM se XD Jtss Je s O 05 se J t ss Yt se 30 C 4A Jt aa UK 4e 0 05 e Jt e Ds e Js 48 QU Jta DE VE VW Jt ae JO a Je alt ac JU Ut e Jt se JM SUES Jaz Ut 3 Jt dB se JU 5 24 JP allt 2c J Jt 22 dere Yt 2 90 sl JE 23005 2 006 252J JE 29 JE 2 2008 25 10 ra Wee Js Wl Ot
13. the tape unit will write a data pattern to all tracks of the tape Each of the 4 tracks will have a different pattern written to it This ensures that two tracks are not being written to at the same time After the write operation is complete a read operation will be performed on each track to ensure the unit is writing properly and reading properly Once complete file marks are written to each of the four tracks This completes initialization Once initialization is successfully completed TIP should again be used to back up sample files to all tracks of the tape 2 1 2 2 Blank 3s TAPE UNIT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 35 Tape Cartridge Insertion and Removal BE CERTAIN THAT NO TAPE CARTRIDGE 1S IN THE TAPE UNIT WHEN THE TAPE UNIT OR SYSTEM IS POWERED ON OR POWERED OFF THIS WILL PROTECT THE TAPE CARTRIDGE FROM DAMAGE CAUSED BY ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS The tape cartridge can only be inserted into the tape unit in one way A keylock prevents insertion of the Cartridge upside down Position the cartridge at the entry opening of the tape unit and slide the cartridge forward until the first detent is felt then slide the cartridge forward until it is fully engaged When the cartridge is inserted it will autom atically be rewound and then advanced forward to the load point If the tape has been set to the safe position a form of write protect this will be sensed when the cartridge is inserted into the tape unit The control unit
14. ware from step h above Attach the other end of the 50 pin ribbon cable connector to the Tape controller PCB at Pl The red stripe along one side of the ribbon should be on the right side of the connector when viewed from the front of the 8200 board Remove the 37 pin cable slot from the Parallel Port slot on the rear panel of the 8000 computer See Figure 6 2 remove the other end of the cable connector 34 pin from the header at J4 on the 8200 PCB Save the hardware for the next step Attach the 37 pin slot end of the con nector cable supplied with the MTU 1 to the parallel port slot on the rear panel of the 8000 computer and secure it with the screws from step k above 6 3 CONSOLE CONNECTORS PRINTER CONNECTORS 1 PARALLEL SERIAL A AUXILIARY Nun An ED Auc CEST A SERIAL Loans MUN ases IEA wenn HARD DISK CONNECTOR O O ADDITIONAL DISK CONNECTOR Figure 6 2 Rear Panel of ACS8000 Computer 6 4 6 1 1 Continued m Connect the 34 pin end of the connector cable onto the header at J4 on the 8200 PCB Connect the 6 pin pig tail to the six pronged plug on the Tape Controller PCB at P3 The pigtail connector is keyed and can only go in one way Attach the 50 pin interconnect cable from the ACS8000 additional disk connector to the rear of the MTU 1 chassis It is the only 50 pin connector on the MTU 1 rear panel Attach the 37 pin interconnect cable from the ACS8000 Parallel Port Co
15. On some operating systems this is done directly while on others spooler action captures the output lines and causes tne print action to occur later ALTOS recommends the use of Control P P to engage the printer while using TIP Within TIP P can be entered at any time except in response to the command menu This is the normal approach with CP M TIP does cause a reduction in performance when operating under MP M Under MP M it is necessary to mask the I O interrupts while TIP is actively accessing the tape cartridge This requirement has two major effects a The MP M time of day clock does not operate while TIP is actively transferring data to the tape thus the clock will be slow after TIP has been utilized b The performance of individual users ina multi user environment will be substantially affected In a four user system each user could experience a degradation of performance of up to 50 One way to minimize the effect of TIP in MP M systems is to create a single user MP M system disk which contains TIP and is only used for TIP operations This will substantially reduce the amount of degradation and will also keep other users from accessing and altering data files which are being backed up on tape 4 4 TIP Tape Recording Procedure The TIP system writes files to tape in blocks of 8 208 bytes Contained within this block is a 16 byte tape control block TCB which contains information describing the file The fil
16. PAYOUT INT All of the data files reside on the Winchester Hard disk and have a secondary file name of FIL Example PAYDATA FIL The tape cartridge is new and has been inserted into the unit The sequence is as follows With TIP residing on currently logged drive enter TIP press return Screen Displays based on version 3 3 TIP CODE ACTION INITIALIZE TAPE RETENSION TAPE DISK TO TAPE BACKUP TAPE TO DISK RESTORATION DISK TO TAPE APPEND FILE VERIFICATION TAPE DIRECTORY SC ESCAPE TO OPERATING SYSTEM wW O lt HU HH 4 9 4 3 4 1 Continued User Inputs I press return tape is initialized B press return Prompt FILE NAME B PAY INT press return files are backed up from disk to tape and screen will display each file name as it is copied Prompt FILE NAME E FIL press return data files from hard disk are backed up to tape Prompt FILE NAME press return end of data marks written to tape and tape is rewound Now the user discovers that there is an additional file which must be added to the tape The name of the additional file is PAYROLL ERR and it currently resides on the logged on drive The user will re insert the tape cartridge invoke TIP press return and from the menu enter A press return invoke the append function Prompt FILE NAME PAYROLL ERR press return the additional file will be appended to the end of the tape Prompt FILE NAME press return this will
17. SL 4 2332 zeo 19 19 D7 G DB7 Vee HEP a 223 ne 33 SS 34 CPU 23 DS E LZ 3 5 RE 27 wel A amp 3 28 eine ae AT S 29 M13 d E RD X id 39 Ss E 8 pag 20 REV WR 2 Da AQ 2 A du 22 Cw Da RESET S MEE 2 ag S S DBI 24 HSP WAIT 245 ET 24 02 pud peng s dP 26 WEN C RI WAIT Bat D3 CH ne3 330 sl al lo RESE l8 RWD MIS Se lt Q DB4 Bo aa D Sal DBS d dise7is fisio DE PAS 8e m E 34 SLG OUT G 2 A 2L 8212 c 7406 Dr rome D87 MD IOOOPF mE 7 AQ STER MIG 7415244 A WR a NE AG 741527 Ae ADOSEL ze kb 2 C189 INPG eB Y B4 B gt 74 Si 38 1 WED v K lar SE E 73LSI0 KD yeco Y 4 7K PUR p 285 4 a ouis y NPGE 6 31217 7a1s240 ant DH L S D86 SvCC 5 gt gt 5 ATHUR d 7455271 UBG PI H T S i 1 n TOR c8 Ipra ADDSEL TGI s 348 i aes W I XC TXE al i gt Ee T vcc usi E E TROP 3 A P D87 i GND IL l RNZ 36 lt MD RxD KSND x OUR C4 ICS Ce C7 CB E ui i E M4 pa 7 DB M3 GND 2 2 i2 vDC vcco H 4 7K PUP ROS SE DAC3XA40 lt P3 1257911 315719 4 2123 25 27 29 3133 Pl 3 5373941434547 SLO 2 92 BSY ja lt NOTES WNDF Ce L UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED FUPZ 12 lt A ALL RESISTORS VALUES ARE IN CHMS AND ARE 1 4w 5 FLGA 8 B ALL CAPACITORS VALUES ARE IN MICRCFARADS EwS C C RU 2 80 SIGNALS ARE NOT REFERENCED WITH COORDINATES LPSE IO RDYX a c 34 31 e9 27 16 12 F 4 Tore
18. Status Codes The tape unit returns two status codes at the completion of every operation requested by a program One Status code is for the tape drive and the other is for the tape interface These status codes inform the calling program 5 5 4 Continued whether the requested operation was completed successfully as well as the ending condition of the tape media The status codes are returned in the form of two status bytes as follows DRIVE STATUS BYTE INTERFACE STATUS BYTE Bit 7 Reserved Bit 7 Reserved Bit 6 File Mark Detected Bit 6 Data Block Available Bit 5 Drive Rewinding Bit 5 Command Bit 4 On And Loaded Bit 4 Status Bit 3 Beginning Of Tape Bit 3 Current Bit 2 End Of Tape Warning Bit 2 Drive Bit 1 Auto Rewind Executed Bit 1 Current Bit 0 Write Enabled Bit 0 Track The format of the Status bytes is as follows Bits LESA ee 8 mf fo Ja apm fa Jo The status codes returned by tne drive are the hexadecimal representation of the Drive and Interface Status Bytes Depending upon the type of operation requested by the user more than one indicator may be ON within the status byte For example if the tape drive was powered on and a tape cartridge was loaded at the beginning of the tape the Drive Status Byte would be 15 The 10 bit indicates that tne drive is on and loaded the 04 bit indicates that the tape is at the beginning and the 01 bit indicates that the tape is not write protected The user should break the st
19. Tape Cartridge ConditiONS oooooorororooo o Tape Media and Tape Unit MalfunctionS cccrccccccccece General Error Codes cesses EE an Sub error CodeS oorororsnrnrsonnrnnrrrorrrosacr s Error AnalyvsSiS2ise 99 99 4 07 93 as Dd Tape Unit Status Codes asar Error Recovery TecChniqueSeecccsccccccccccscecccscceseerd NN Ka Ka Ka Ka H C1 on O1 Ui 0101 Ul Ul I iii Table of Contents Continued Section Title Page 6 STAND ALONE MAGNETIC TAPE CARTRIDGE BACK UP UNIT WITH ACS8000 COMPUTERSA 9 32 9999 149 94 94499 N 6 1 6 s 8200 CPU PCB and MTU 1 Ge e e e e EE e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 6 1 6 1 1 Installation of the MTU 1 06000090000 ee e ee ee ee ee ee ee e ge 6 1 6 2 8500 CPU and MTUZ 4 394 4 3 aba ONO SSS ew ee K 6 2 4 Installation of MTU 2 Ge e e ee e e ee ee ee ee ee e ee ee e e e e e e 677 iv List Of Figures Figure Title Page 3 1 Tape Unit Components Requiring Cleaning 3 2 6 1 8200 CPU PCB with Tape Controller PCB Mounted 6 2 6 2 Rear Panel of ACS8 Computer for Connection to MTU 1 CRASS1S wc 4 eec wie We od 6 3 8588 Central Processing Unit Printed Circuit Board and MTU 2 Controller Board Mounted 6 8 ALTOS MAGNETIC TAPE UNIT SUBSYSTEM USER S MANUAL 1 INTRODUCTION The ALTOS magnetic tape unit MTU subsystem provides efficient back up and restoration capabilities for program and data files The tape unit subsystem consists of a CMTD 3400S2 tape drive from D
20. ata Electronics Inc This drive comes as either a stand alone unit which can be electrically connected to the ACS8000 system by cables or as an integral part of the ACS8000 system itself Provided with the MTU subsystem is a copy of the Tape Interchange Program TIP TIP is a product of Alloy Engineering Company Inc TIP provides all necessary Capabilities to back up and restore both floppy disk and hard disk files of any size under CP M and MP M only With TIP tne user has the capability of backing up and or restoring entire disk systems and individual program and data files This manual is divided into six sections The remainder of section 1 provides an overview of the tape unit Subsystem Section 2 discusses installation and check out procedures of the tape unit subsystem Section 3 provides the operating procedures for the tape unit subsystem Section 4 discusses the use of TIP Section 5 discusses error conditions and provides troubleshooting and diagnostic instructions Section 6 contains the procedure to incorporate the tape unit MTU 1 with the ACS8000 computers Tl Tape Unit Hardware Features The tape unit provides high density tape cartridge storage of up to 13 4 MBytes of data on a single 1 4 450 foot magnetic tape cartridge using four tracks Data is written at 6400 bits inch in Modified Frequency Modulation MFM format at a data transfer rate of 192 Kbits second A serial recording format is used The tape unit opera
21. atus codes into their component parts The meaning of each bit in the status byte is defined below DRIVE STATUS DEFINITION Bit 7 Reserved This bit is reserved for later use It is always set to 1 Bit 6 File Mark Detected Whenever the tape unit detects a file mark record on the tape this indicator is set 5564 Continued Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1l Bit 0 INTERFACE STATUS Bit 7 Drive Rewinding The tape unit is in the process of a high speed rewind This flag stays set until rewind is complete On and loaded The tape unit is powered on and a tape cartridge has been inserted into the unit Beginning of tape The loaded tape cartridge has been rewound and is at the beginning of tape When a rewind occurs the tape is rewound to the beginning of tape and then advanced to the load point This bit shows that the tape is at the load point End of tape early warning The tape unit has detected the early warning hole in the tape indicating that approximately 48 inches of tape remain before the physical end of tape cartridge Only file mark write Operations are permitted when this flag is set The flag is reset when the tape is rewound Warning flag Since the last operation the tape drive has executed an auto matic rewind This is caused by taking the cartridge out of the unit and then re inserting it again The program must recognize that positional integrity of the tape has been lost
22. bined they form an unambiguous file name Examples of valid unambiguous file names are ABC ASM 12345678 BAS A B d Group File Names In many applications the ability to refer to families of files is useful For example a diskette might contain program files data files and executable load module files You may wish to offload all program files to a back up tape This would be much easier if you could refer to all program files with a single name This is accomplished through the use of Group File Names In converting unambiguous file names to group file names which represent families of files two special editing characters are used 4 2 3 Continued Whenever the operating system finds a question mark in a file name it will consider any character to be a match The asterisk in either the primary or secondary file name position tells the operating system to consider any primary or secondary name marked with to be a match The user s manual for your operating system gives examples of files using the two special characters described above 4 3 Tape Interchange Program TIP Operation 4 3 1 Invoking TIP and Entering TIP Commands with a Diskette TIP is stored as a COM file and will execute under both CP M and MP M operating systems Once the TIP diskette is inserted it is issued in single density entering TIP and pressing return will cause the TIP menu display NOTE A tape cartridge must be inserted before invok
23. ctive file tried to utilize the bad media TIP ignores all files with a secondary name of BAD BAK An operating system back up file Several programming systems generate back up files during processing This is done in Case the working copy is accidentally destroyed the entire file is not lost BAK is a default secondary file name BAS A BASIC source file The CBASIC language compiler expects the program name to be followed by BAS as the secondary file name CBASIC is a trade mark of Compiler Systems Inc Continued COM An operating system command file Programs which can be loaded directly into the system and executed are given the secondary file name COM INT A BASIC language intermediate file Intermediate files are generated by compilers such as CBASIC SUB An operating system command list file Files which contain lists of operating system commands which may be executed by the user through the use of SUBMIT commands are given the secondary name of SUB An operating system temporary file System programs which must generate temporary files in the course of their execution use the secondary file name of Although it is good programming practice to utilize these operating system default secondary names it is not mandatory to do so If an installation determines that other secondary names are more appropriate they may be used as well C Unambiguous File Names When valid Primary and Secondary names are com
24. d the tape When a tape becomes full the procedure is the same as for disk to tape back up 4 6 Continued TAPE TO DISK RESTORATION This function transfers files from the tape to the user specified disk When the files were originally backed up from disk to tape the disk address from which the file or files originated was stored as a source device code For example if the user backed up all files from disk drive A then each file would have a source device code of A When restoration is desired the user may be using the same disk drive as was used for the disk to tape back up or he may be using a different drive The user will have the option of restoring all files on the tape to the current disk or restoring only those files which were oringinally backed up from the current disk drive IGNORE SOURCE DEVICE CODE Y OR N This prompt is the key If you wish all files to be restored to the current disk drive and it is not the drive where those files originally came from you would respond Y to the prompt TIP would then restore all files on the tape to the currently used disk drive If you 1espond N TIP would restore only those files which originated on the currently used disk drive FILE VERIFICATION This function allows the user to compare the contents of a user specified file on tape to the contents of the same file on disk Once both files have been identified and located a byte by byte comparison is made between the tw
25. data is written to track 4 There is an early warning indicator near the end of each track The sensing of that indicator will cause the tape to rewind The tape cartridge must be initialized before it is used for the first time The initialiation procedure is des Cribed in section 4 1 3 Error Recognition and Correction Tne design of the tape unit provides exceptional reliability The provision of reading all data immediately after it is written is the key element to this reliability The tape head on the unit has both a READ and WRITE head designed so that as the data is written to the tape by the WRITE head it is immediately read by the trailing READ head If no errors are detected during this process the data has been properly written to the tape 1 2 153 Continued If an error is detected by the trailing READ head during a write operation the tape unit attempts to re write the file as many as 16 times Before each attempt the unit rewinds the tape to the point at which tne file begins and the unit will then advance the tape 3 inches and attempt to write the file again erasing old file names It will do this each time an error is detected up to a maximum of 16 attempts If at any time the attempt is successful no further attempts will be made This forward movement of the tape 3 inches from the beginning of the file each time an attempt is made ensures that the portion of tape used for a file of 2500 bytes or less is bypas
26. dications are as follows 00 track 1 01 track 2 10 track 3 11 track 4 SD a9 Error Recovery Techniques Always suspect the obvious Clean the tape unit try a different tape retension the tape check the error codes This will solve many read and write problems Tape errors caused by media problems usualiy result from the way the tape is stored Heat and humidity will greatly increase the incidence of tem porary and permanent tape related errors A good example of this 5 1 S Continued is the manufacturer s statement that a minimum of 8 hours is necessary for a tape to become acclimated to a new operating environment after the tape has been transported from one location to another Another cause of media problems is tape the being wound onto a cartridge with variable tensions If all of your attempts fail note all of the symptoms note all the actions that you took and call your distributor for assistance 6 STAND ALONE MAGNETIC TAPE CARTRIDGE BACK UP UNIT MTU WITH ACS COMPUTERS 6 1 8200 CPU PCB and MTU 1 The MTU 1 package provides the components necessary for modifying all the ACS8000 systems built on the 8200 chassis ACS8000 computers built on the 8000 or the 8100 chassis can not be field upgraded to support the ALTOS Tape Subsystem MTU 1 contains the following items e HMTU 1 Chassis Containing the Mag Tape Drive 530 10809 e Tape Controller Printed Circuit Board PCB 330 10265 e 50 pin Int
27. e and Programming The Tape Interchange Program TIP which comes on either diskette or on cartridge provides all the necessary software to use the tape unit subsystem for back up and recovery of disk data and program files TIP provides for automatic back up and recovery for entire disk units or individual files Automatic linkage of tape cartridges allows virtually unlimited back up storage capacity utilizing TIP 1 4 2 TAPE UNIT INSTALLATION AND CHECK OUT 2 1 Tape Unit Installation The Magnetic Tape Unit used with ACS8000 computer systems comes as either a stand alone unit which is connected electrically by ribbon cables to the host computer or as an integral part of the computer system itself Instructions to install and connect the stand alone tape unit are sent with the MTU when it is shipped to the user There are no installation procedures for tape units which are part of the computer system itself 2 2 Tape Unit Check out To check out the tape unit prior to using it for the first time you will need TIP If your system has 1 or more floppy disk drives and a hard disk you will need to use your operating system disk and create a system which will warm boot from the hard disk Once this is done you can log on to the hard disk execute a mode command to set drive A to single density insert the TIP disk log on to drive A and enter TIP carriage return This will provide you with a menu Select the Initialization program and
28. e data consists of from one to sixty four 128 byte sectors as copied from the disk If a file is over 64 sectors in length TIP will write additional tape blocks until all of the file has been copied TIP utilizes the standard end of tape convention of two file mark records on tracks 1 2 and 3 to indicate that the tape unit should rewind and continue on the next track An end of tape indication on track 4 signals that there are additional tape volumes within the back up restore operation TIP s end of data indication is a file mark record followed by a blank record and two additional file marks When TIP encounters the end of data condition on a restore operation it indicates to the user by display that the task has been successfully completed The Tape Control Block format is as follows US Fl F2 F8 T T2 T3 00 LB SD RC 00 01 02 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 US The CP M and MP M User Number which ranges from 00 to OF If no user number was specified the current user is used as the default user number F1 F8 Primary file name in upper case ASCII T1 T3 Secondary file name in upper case ASCII LB Last block indicator SD Address of the disk drive from which this data file was backed up The value ranges from 0 to F which would indicate disk drives from A to P RC The number of 128 byte sectors which are contained in the 8192 byte block This value ranges from 1 to 64 If the file does not utilize the entire tape block then TIP
29. ernal Tape Interface Connector Cable 510 10529 e Connector Cable with 37 pin Connector on one end and a 34 pin Connector and a Pig tail 6 pin Connector on the other end 510 10292 e 50 pin Interconnect Cable Assembly 510 10513 e 37 pin Interconnect Cable Assembly 510 10286 e Power Cord 230 10233 e Floppy Diskett Containing TIP and TIP Manual 580 10825 e Blank Magnetic Tape Cartridge 180 10267 641 1 Installation of the MTU 1 Follow the procedure below when installing the MTU 1 a With the power off lay the ACS8000 on a flat working surface Loosen the six screws that secure the top cover Remove the top cover from the computer b Refer to Figure 6 1 for circuit chips and connector locations of the 8200 PCB for the steps below CG Remove the Z80 CPU chip at location 14M Be careful that no pins are bent in this operation d Place the Z80 CPU chip in the Tape Controller PCB The notched end should be toward the embossed letters CPU 6 1 J1 ya SE 2664 25 288 zec 280 288 zer 286 zen 201 zex 281 vom zen i Lem T i atan an mari 2 GER G EC Gei RPI roar Ciel 198 2 ES FT S id Te WE W 3s vs BCS Get js nim 130 13D uF 14H e BE ais o et Ge ae m LM ur er ses Dios A 9 er prse Es LS sa Lee ee se ser sc on Pax em
30. f sequence Tne display UNEXPECTED END OF DATA indicates that a sequence error has occurred The user should restart the restore operation using the proper sequence of tapes The same display can occur if the user extracts a tape from the unit while the unit is attempting to back up or restore a file or set of files When that tape is re inserted at a later time the tape is rewound but no end of tape or end of data marks are placed on the tape since it was pulled from the unit prematurely 585 Tape Media and Tape Unit Malfunctions TIP recognizes three error conditions that generally indicate problems with the tape cartridge tape unit or the TIP software itself TIP provides two types of error messages 5 41 555 continued A general error code provides a broad indicator of the type of error which has occurred A specific sub error code provides additional information as to the cause of the error Sabal General Error Codes E E A I TAPE COMMUNICATIONS ERROR SYNTAX REJECT WITHIN TIP This error code indicates that an invalid set of tape movement commands were sent to the tape control unit by TIP The user should assume that the TIP COM file has been compromised and should go back to the original distribution diskette of TIP and re load TIP to see if the problem occurs again Ske EG Be TAPE ABORT ATTEMPT WITH ATTEMPT This error code indicates that an unrecoverable error condition has occurred and that the tape media was moved T
31. h no tape cartridge inserted into the unit The tape unit did not respond to a valid command This is generally caused by a hardware failure Not used The Read after Write circuity indicates an error in attempting to write a file mark record The tape should be re initialized the tape re tensioned and re try the operation If the same failure occurs try a new cartridge The tape unit aborted prior to completion of a valid command This generally indicates a hardware failure A read command failed due to missing data or file mark record This is usually caused by bad tape media If the same problem occurs with a new cartridge suspect a hardware failure A read command failed due to a short record being encountered Ensure that the tape being read was created using TIP Cause could be bad tape media or a hardware failure Same as 09 sub error code A read command failed due to bad vertical parity This is generally caused by bad tape media If the error occurs with different tapes suspect a hardware defect A write command failed due to a read after write verification error Re tension the tape and try the operation again If problem persists suspect hardware defect 973 52542 continued 13 14 5254 3 Error Analysi A write command failed due to a read data indicator not being detected prior to the write operation being completed This is generally caused by bad media Proceed as in sub e
32. his means that after 16 retries the tape unit was unable to complete the requested operation On a back up operation this error generally indicates bad media A sub error code will also be displayed During a restore operation this general error code display means that after 16 tries tne block of data still could not be read Since the inability to read data is expected only once every 100 million attempts the error code generally indicates a tape media or tape unit problem 5 5 1 3 TAPE ABORT WITHOUT ATTEMPT This error code indicates that an error has occurred without the tape moving Generally another message would follow One common occurrence of this error display is when the user invokes TIP without having the tape cartridge inserted in the unit Sub error codes are generally included with any major error display 52322 Sub error Codes Following the general error code display TIP will provide sub error codes which provide more detailed information about the error condition SUB ERROR CODE MEANING amp SUGGESTED SOLUTION 00 The tape drive has executed an auto matic rewind since the last TIP command was issued Return to the command menu and proceed with the knowledge that the tape is already rewound continued 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 A write operation was requested to a write protected cartridge Use of a non write protected cartridge is required A TIP command was issued wit
33. ill often alleviate errors that have occurred while using a particular tape DISK TO TAPE BACK UP This function rewinds the tape cartridge and then prompts the user for the file name or names which are to be transferred from the user specified disk to the tape inserted When the file transfer is complete the user will be prompted for the next file to be transferred No rewind action takes place at this time This allows the user to stack files on the tape If file transfer is complete the user responds with a carriage return TIP then writes two file mark records on the tape indicating end of data and rewinds the tape If the user enters a file name or names which cannot be found on the disk the user will be informed by a screen display and prompted to select again If the tape becomes full during a transfer the user will be informed that the tape is full A fresh cartridge which has been initialized can be inserted and the file transfer can continue This can be done as many times as necessary DISK TO TAPE APPEND This function is similar to a disk to tape back up except that initial tape positioning is changed When this function is invoked the tape is rewound then read until the two file mark records are found They are erased and the additional file or files are added to the tape When the last file has been added respond to the prompt with a carriage return TIP will then write the two file mark records on the tape and rewin
34. ing TIP CODE ACTION INITIALIZE TAPE RETENSION TAPE DISK TO TAPE BACK UP TAPE TO DISK RESTORATION DISK TO TAPE APPEND FILE VERIFICATION TAPE DIRECTORY SC ESCAPE TO OPERATING SYSTEM t Ce pb D k k This menu and the explanations given are based on version 3 3 of TIP Subsequent versions may contain more options or variations to existing options Information on those changes as they occur will be explained in the TIP User s Instructions which will accompany the TIP software Instructions on using TIP from a tape cartridge which differ from those described in this Section will be available at a later date With the menu displayed select the option you wish performed by code letter and press return An invalid selection will result in an error display and a prompt to select again TIP Commands INITIALIZE TAPE This function writes two file marks at the beginning of each of the four tracks of the tape These two file mark records indicate that there is no data on the track Thus the initialization process not only formats a new tape it also erases any data previously written on the tape If the tape cartridge being used is write protected the safe write protection arrow has been set the user will be prompted that the tape cannot be initialized RETENSION TAPE This function rewinds the tape performs a high speed search to the end of the tape and again performs a rewind operation This action retensions the tape and w
35. ith the exception of a random write file back up is utilized for those applications where either an entire disk is to be backed up or a family of data and program files are to be backed up b Individual file back up is utilized where only individual data or program files are to be backed up to tape TIP supports both types of back up requirements through the use of ambiguous and unambiguous file names The file naming system utilized by TIP is identical with CP M and MP M file naming conventions 4 2 4 263 TIP File Name Conventions A file name is made up of Primary and Secondary names which describe the content of the file de Primary File Names The primary name is from one to eight characters which can be made up of all alphabetic characters numerals and special characters with the following exceptions lt gt x po 2 e 2 TT The following are examples of valid primary names ABCDEFGH A X123 A 222 The following are examples of invalid primary names ABC DEF JKL MNO PORSTUVWX Secondary File Names several secondary file names are utilized by operating systems and related system software to represent standard types of files The standard secondary file names are as follows ASM An operating system assembler source file BAD Utilized to indicate a file which has been written onto a bad portion of disk media Used with Winchester hard disks to reduce system overhead which would occur each time an a
36. nnector to the rear of the MTU 1 Chassis it is the only 37 pin connector on the rear panel Replace the cover of the ACS8000 computer and tighten the six screws on that hold the cover in place Install the power cord supplied with the MTU 1 Switch on the computer and the MTU power switch Insert the tape cartridge The front panel should be lit and the tape should rewind to the beginning of tape 6 2 85 CPU and MTU 2 The MTU 2 package provides the necessary components to upgrade your 8500 CPU system ACS8800 10 and ACS8 1S5S Your upgrade kit will contain the following items e MTU 2 Chassis Containing the Mag Tape Drive 15380 10809 Tape Controller Printed Circuit Board PCB H500 10762 001 13 inch 34 pin internal interface ribbon cable 8588 board to tape controller board 14510 10529 6 22 inch 54 pin internal connector cable tape controller to computer rear panel 451 19542 e 72 inch 5 pin interconnect ribbon cable 518 19513 o Associated hardware e Power cord e MTU 2 Upgrade kits for the ACS8 l will have an 8 1 2 inch 6 wire power cable 510 19658 Note 3 kinds of cables Interface cable Printed circuit board to printed circuit board connection Connector cable Printed circuit board to rear panel con nection Interconnect cable Computer rear panel to U K rear panel connection To install your MTU 2 to your system you will need the following items o Regular Screw Dri
37. o If any discrepancies are found the location of the byte in error and the tape and disk file byte values are displayed The location of the error is supplied as the disk extent record number and the number of the byte in error within the record The values of the bytes found on the tape and disk are also displayed If one file ends before the other the remaining bytes in the other file are displayed with XX being displayed as the byte value in the terminated file TAPE DIRECTORY This function allows the user to list the file names of all data and program files on the tape currently inserted into the unit If the CNTRL P function is entered on the keyboard TIP will echo the directory to the printer as well 4 3 3 TIP File Name Parameters For Disk to Tape Tape to Disk and File Verification operations the user is prompted for the file or files that are to be acted upon The format for user response is FILE NAME Source Destination Disk Drive lfile name s MP M User Number INPUT Disk Drive FILE NAME DESCRIPTION This optional input specifies the source or destination disk drive For back up operations this input specifies the disk drive on which the data files are to be found For restore operations this input specifies the disk drive to which the files are to be transferred For file verification operations this input specifies two criteria which must be met First the file on tape
38. o WE e Je ve308 ES ED JS TISS Figure 6 3 8500 Central Processing Board and MTU 2 Controller Board 6 8 Continued H When fully extended insert the end connector into Pl position on the Tape Controller board Be sure that the red wire is to the right as you face the computer If there is no Hard Disk controller let the other 6 wire connector rest in the computer So that is does not obstruct any ICs or inter fere with the power supply or the fan Secure the tape controller board to the 8500 board in the four standoffs positions with the nuts provided Attach the 72 inch 5 pin interconnect cable from the rear panel of the computer at JC to the rear panel of the MTU 2 Chassis Verify all the steps above Before replacing the top cover install the power cords and check to be sure the system work pro perly Rear Panel Interconnect 8500 L097 Figure 6 4 Rear Panel of ACS8 Computer 6 19 7 6 5 4 3 2 8 P3 REVISIONS Si A RELEASED AS DRAWN Wisi cp A A M ig 2 i ROTATED Z 80 180 E4 SS 4 i l B Se E 6 is A C MIE 5 1 e e of T 9 a WAS 3 KEY P 0D i2 gt gt S 3 3 d 3 DB jia oo Se IN GE D3 S 4 p2 _ amp L pB2 SE ES L D 4 Pl D4 7 17 3B pO K zz 2 T D4 De 00 a agi 1 30 size 07 Zo D O 16 D5 gt DB5 9 Zi 50 TR D ne G 3 17 SD o gt 46 TR2 A 1231 m 18 18 D6 3 gt DB6 HAD 39D Qg lS _ gt 32
39. ot matched a display would have shown the addresses where mis matches occurred Prompt FILE NAME press return return to operating system control 4 3 4 4 CP M and MP M User Examples Prompt FILE NAME PAYROLL G This entry will result in all files with a primary name of PAYROLL to be backed up regardless of their secondary names It also results in those files being backed up regardless of user number Prompt FILE NAME ERR GIJ J All files with a secondary name Of ERR from user number 1 will be backed up 4345 TIP Use Considerations The TIP program can utilize multiple tape cartridges to store all of tne back up files specified by the user The TIP program utilizes end of data and end of tape markers which indicate whether the current tape cartridge contains the last file or whether additional cartridges were utilized No tape labels are generated by TIP nor is the identification of the user who did the back up operation revealed No information concerning how many tapes make up a file are listed by TIP It is highly recommended that gum tape labels be used to label each cartridge as it is used The date that the back up was performed who performed it system configuration and any other relevant information should be placed on the label 4 3 5 2 Documenting Back up Restore Operations Tne capabilities of CP M and MP M allow all output lines sent to a user terminal to be echoed to the system printer
40. rchange Program TIP The ALTOS file back up and recovery system is implemented through a program called the Tape Interchange Program TIP TIP is distributed on diskette and or tape and comes as part of the MTU system At present TIP provides seven functions that work together to provide complete file back up and recovery FUNCTION PURPOSE TAPE INITIALIZATION Writes two file marks at the start of each of the four tracks of the tape Upon completion of this function the tape can be utilized for back up and recovery operations 4 1 4 2 1 continued FUNCTION PURPOSE DISK TO TAPE BACK UP Places a user specified file or files onto the tape from a user specified disk DISK TO TAPE RESTORE Restores user specified data files previously stored on tape onto a user specified disk drive DISK TO TAPE APPEND Adds additional files to a tape which already contains data or program files FILE VERIFICATION Compares a file which has been backed up to tape with a file of the same name stored on a disk TAPE DIRECTORY Lists the names of all data and program files contained on the tape RETENSION TAPE Spools forward at 90 ips to end of tape and then rewinds a tape cartridge to ensure tape tension meets manufacturers specifications This function will cure many error conditions which occur during tape use 4 2 2 File Back up Utilizing TIP There are two general ways in which data and program files are backed up to tape a W
41. rror code 12 above A read command failed due to a file mark being detected This is generally caused by bad tape media Proceed as in sub error code 12 above Se When a problem develops with operations involving the tape unit the first is to make a dtermination tne user making bad input failure When the user is the tape unit has already Write operation the unit ting a Write operation t the tape 3 inches to bypa failed this would mean tn bad tape This is highly in fact defective The tape unit to insure the ability to a Reads each trailing r b Advances t ever write Step in troubleshooting the problem as to whether the problem is with commands tape media or hardware informed that an error has occurred attempted recovery For any Read or has attempted 16 retries When attemp he unit during each retry will advance SS possible bad media If all 16 retries e tape unit had bypassed 48 inches of unlikely unless the whole cartridge is utilizes three major design approaches read data block as it is being written using a ead head he unit past suspected bad media when errors occur C Uses a precise and clean signal during write Operations done with strength after writ read only difficulti The read after write function is a 3db reduction in read head signal This is done so that if the read e operation is successful then later operations should occur without any es 5 5 4 Tape Unit
42. sed If an error is detected during a read operation the tape unit will re read the data block a maximum of 16 times before signalling an aborted read operation The incidence of permanent read errors is very Slight because of the movement of the tape past the tape cleaner and read head 16 times This action removes many of the contaminants that cause permanent read errors If the 16 re tries still result in a permanent read error it is likely that the tape has physical damage or is of poor quality and should be discarded The tape unit has another feature to increase reliability The built in tape cleaner will remove contaminants from the tape media prior to passing the read write heads The tape unit generates a rewind of the tape each time the Cartridge is inserted into the unit and at the end of most data operations This procedure ensures that only the 36 inches of tape between the beginning of tape indicator and the load point at which data recording begins is exposed to possible contamination by smoke finger prints or other foreign matter 1 4 Magnetic Tape Cartridge Media The tape unit subsystem utilizes 1 4 tape cartridges that meet the ANSI X 3 55 1977 standard ALTOS recommends that all cartridges be certified at 6400 bpi by the manufacturer Scotch DC 300A Scotch DC 300XL and Verbatim TC 4450 tape cartridges are examples of acceptable media The tape unit has built in sensors that identify beginning of tape end of tape
43. should be the same as for the other components listed earlier CAUTION BE VERY CAREFUL NOT TO PERMIT CLEANING SOLVENT TO CONTAMINATE THE DRIVE MOTOR BEARING 3 3 3 4 Blank 4 FILE BACK UP AND RECOVERY 4 1 File Back up and Recovery Requirements The ALTOS tape unit subsystem provides both the hardware and software necessary to back up and restore data and program files of any Size The tape unit allows total back up of a formatted 14 5 MByte hard disk on one cartridge However this system is only as reliable as the back up procedures employed It is the responsibility of the user to determine which capabilities of the back up recovery system are required for the operation involved and then implement those procedures to ensure that the required files are backed up at the required intervals The reliability of the back up recovery system hinges on two factors a The discipline with which key data files are backed up onto tape The most functional and reliable tape back up system is of no value if at the one time it is needed the required data and program files were not backed up in accordance with established procedures b The care with which the tape cartridge contain ing the backed up files are handled The weakest link in the reliability chain is tape media which has been stored in hot or humid conditions or has been placed near magnetic or electrical fields 4 2 Back up Recovery Capabilities 4 2 1 Tape Inte
44. tes at two speeds depending on the operation being performed a READ and WRITE operations are performed at a tape speed of 30 inches second b Bidirectional search and rewind operations are performed at a tape speed of 90 inches second XCP M and MP M are trademarks of Digital Research 1 1 1 1 Continued The use of an integral DC motor tachometer that drives the cartridge directly no pulleys belts or right angle friction drives allows the drive to sustain a start stop time of 25 26 msec at a tape speed of 30 inches second and 71 74 msec at a tape speed of 90 inches second All code conversions NRZ MFM and MFM NRZ are done in the tape control unit thus reducing the amount of inter action required by the CPU of the ACS8000 The tape unit contains several standard features designed to improve system reliability a An integral tape cleaner which continually cleans the tape while it is moving b The dual gap read while write tape head insures that all written data can be read back from the tape C A separate erase head insures data reliability of the tape unit to less than 1 error per 100 Mbits read by the drive 1 2 Data Format on Tape The tape unit records data in serial fashion on each of four tracks of the cartridge When data is written to the tape unit it is written first to track 1 and the tape rewinds data iS written to track 2 and the tape rewinds data is written to track 3 and the tape rewinds
45. ver o 5 16 open ended wrench or equivilent 6 2 1 Installation of MTU 2 Disconnect the power cord on your computer Remove the top cover by loosening the side panel screws with a regular screw driver Carefully lift off the top cover and set it aside When installing any ribbon cables be sure that the red strip is to the right as you face the computer Refer to Figure 6 3 when installing your upgrade kit Follow the steps be ow to install your MTU 2 a If you have an ACS8 8 8 18 or U K 10 you have a hard disk controller board on the right side 8599 board You will have to remove the 5 nuts that secure the hard disk controller board to the 8500 board to access J5 Pinning for the MTU controller board You do not have to remove any cables con nected to the hard disk controller board after removing the nuts simply fold the controller board to the rear of the computer b Insert the 13 inch 26 pin interface cable at Matrix position J5 on the 8500 board C Place the Tape Controller board onto the stand orfs provided on the left side of the 8509 board as you face the front of the computer Secure the nuts finger tight and then snug with the wrench Do not overtighten d Foid the 13 inch interface cable installed in step a above over the Tape Controller board and insert into the Tape Controller board at matrix position J5 Verify that the red strip is on the right as you face the front of the computer e Connect one end of
46. which the user discovers that all files have been lost on the disk and a total restoration is necessary Regardless of which drive was used as tne originating drive to back up the files the user wants the whole tape restored to drive F The sequence is as follows 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 Continued Invoke TIP press return R press return Invoke tape to disk restoration Prompt FILE NAME F press return Prompt IGNORE SOURCE DEVICE CODE Y OR N Y press return the entire tape will be restored to drive F Prompt FILE NAME press return control returned to operating system File Verification Example In this example the user has made some recent changes to a data file called MASTER FIL The user is not certain if the tape file has been backed up since the last changes were made to the disk file The original back up was made from drive E Invoke TIP press return menu display V press return Invoke Verification Prompt FILE NAME MASTER FIL press return Specifying file to be compared Display FILE NOT FOUND ON TAPE user forgot that the Source drive was made a part of file name Accurate file name was E MASTER FIL Prompt FILE NAME E MASTER FIL press return 4 3 4 3 Continued Display FILES BEING VERIFIED TIP will compare the file on tape with the file on drive E since it was specified as the source device drive Display FILES VERIFY The files did match Had they n
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