O4.2 User Manual for Pilot B operation
Contents
1. 30 Figure 27 Metal stick for grounding of the container cccccccccceeeessseeecccccceeeeesseeeeeeeeeees 30 Figure 28 Initial filling of the fermenter Can be done manual left or with technical support right in this case a manure pump cccccccccceessssseeeccccccaeeessesecccccesseeeasseeececcesseeeasseeecceeeeas 31 Figure 29 Improvised U tube manometer attached to the fermenters main valve 32 Figure 30 Small weather station to check temperature and atmospheric pressure 33 Figure 31 Manual feeding via the receiver tank eese nnne 33 Figure 32 Electric meter in the electric cabinet outside of the fermenter left and gas counter inside the container FIBliL iosesoeceo pettevev adesse co stus revues eve erst te esPsud bs vv e pd PePV NUS s NU Eod TET ane 34 Figure 33 The fermenters level indication windows eese 34 Figure 34 The condensate bottle after the gas quality measurement 35 Figure 35 Vessel for condensed water from the gas measurement system 35 Figure 36 Example of data recording in the provided journal se 36 Figure 37 Laboratory equipment for different analysis 1 SCHOTT pH meter 2 titrator o T3DOESdELOTDY lee ee eines 37 Figure 38 Buffer solutions pH 4 01 and pH 7 00 for calibration of the pH electrodes2. 37 Figure 39 Samples taken from the fermenter In the front a sieve to remove solid particles left Solid particles removed from the sample with the provided sieve right 38 Figure 40 Sample preparation for VOA TAC analysis ccccsssssseseessessesseseseseeeseeseeeeees 39 Figure 41 VOA TAC analysis with titrator sscccccccssssssssssessccccceecccsssssssccccssseeesssssseccceess 39 Figure 42 Dr Lange LCK 302 cuvettes for ammonia analysis cuvette with green liquid is already used the one with the clear liquid is a new one nucccceeeeeessssnnnnnsnssenessnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnn 41 Figure 43 Step by step guide for the Dr Lange LCK 302 ammonia cuvette test 42 Figure 44 Dr Lange LP2W spectral photometer for on site NH4 N determination 42 Figure 45 Precise dosing pipette with mounted disposable tip 1 two step button 2 tip removal button 3 dosing adjustment regulator 4 dosing indicator 5 disposable tip 43 Figure 46 Pipettes adjustment example with adjustment regulator black and adjustment VALID SCHEN See een 43 Figure 47 Two step button using example Pos A shows first rest pos B shows second rest U Eee ee ee 44 Figure 48 Spilt fermenter content after a longer electrical shutdown of the fermenter 45 Figure 49 Improvised u tube manometer connected to the main valve Pre
3. Electric meter reading Gas meter reading 4123 t _CH4 60 6 Feeding substrate 1 Feeding substrate 2 Feeding substrate 3 Feeding substrate 4 Removal of residues VOA TAC Consumption A i Consumption B Ammonia measurement Weight sample Comments Figure 36 Example of data recording in the provided journal 36 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 4 4 On site laboratory analysis This chapter will explain the on site laboratory analysis KW l T3 Y P N as 5 y a Y i n A ge e Y Ln c M D 5 we Figure 37 Laboratory equipment for different analysis 1 SCHOTT pH meter 2 titrator 3 laboratory scale 4 4 1 pH Measurement Measurement of the pH is performed by the system You can check the pH sensor of the fermenter by comparing it with pH measured with the SCHOTT pH Meter Figure 37 position 1 from the mini lab If you experience major differences please calibrate the pH sensors with the provided buffer solutions The detailed manual of the pH meter is provided with the pilot plant Hg MEER a a uas uuuWcs Figure 38 Buffer solutions pH 4 01 and pH 7 00 for calibration of the pH electrodes 37 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 4 4 2 Estimation of buffer capacity VOA TAC The buffer capacity is determined by a titration test wh
4. Figure 5 View on the agitators Four of them are arragened horizontally over the lenght of the fermenter ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste Between the agitators measuring points are located permanently installed in the fermenter for temperature and pH measurement The sensors dive in open conduits below Figure 6 Figure 6 Pt100 temperature sensor left and mounting for the pH sensor right In the center is the gas outlet to the gas measuring system The upper end of the fermenter is formed by 5 cover pieces which are screwed together gas tightly with 14 M8 nuts each and the corresponding seals A cover has the connection for the gas hose which leads the biogas to the gas meter A further cover has a pipe connection DN 50 with a closure through which is the possibility to get into the fermenter without opening the cover The covers have the same size so the position can be replaced ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste When looking from the operator side the fermenter has 9 sight glass openings Figure 7 They are arranged perpendicular to each 3 pieces of the fermenter height The windows are made of PMMA Plexiglas and are screwed with the fermenter via an O Ring Seal The PMMA is very sensitive to impact therefore the sight glasses are to be treated with extreme caution e ED 3 9 Ry i a Ss NA Figure 7 Openings in t
5. 2 3 Agitators The arranged agitators within the fermenter are used for transporting and mixing the fermenting materials They are powered by geared motors with a frequency converter type MOVIMOT R57F DT71D4 MMo3 BW1 The motor has a transmission output speed of 1 5 7 5 rpm This range can be changed by setting the speed of the frequency converter For this the overhead locking screw SW 8 in the connection box of the motor is opened The subjacent controls can be adjusted in a range of 0 to 100 percent This corresponds to o of the revolution speed of 1 5 rpm and 100 of the revolution speed of 7 5 rpm The intervening area is divided linearly Any changes of the revolution speed may not happen with the motor running The complete description of the geared motor can be found in the Appendix 9 The agitators are designed as a transverse paddle and are operated individually The controlling and timing of the agitators is carried out by the computer at which different operating modes and operating times can be set for each agitator Before beginning the operation of the agitators must make sure that no objects are in the paddle area The agitators must not operate in normal operating mode with the cover open If it s necessary to operate with covers opened it must be ensured that there is no person in range of the agitators 2 4 Heating system The heating consist of a heating mats set which is mounted directly on the outer su
6. MEASUREMENT susiuses ene reset ir ve EON EUREN EU USER een 19 PM ELECTRIC CONTRO PROS V DIDIT Sm 20 312 COMPUTER CONTROLS 21 9 289 09999499 9 05 5 50 99 0 990 ee ee 21 3 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION BIOREAKTORY csccscsscsscccccccccccssccsccsccscccccsscsccsccs 22 SaL INIRODUC TION amis esu pm ee pm oO dim emRsd br M E M MP DIM PU I I EMI 22 OT Kc R R 23 2 3 PROGRAM SOR UP TION a ee ee ae eu 24 9 4 PROGRAM GASUHR GASCOUNTER 0er 24 SE PROGRAM BIORE KTOR oem ernten aue eaae MN UNI A HEN IN EIE 24 A WORK INSTRUCTIONS FOR PILOT B une Sed asa e os E39 eq ARS udo cunan EROR e TOUS 209 4 1 PLANT INSTALLATION ON TESTING LOCATION c cccssssccssssccesssecssseccssseeessseeesssssecssaseceeseeceeseeeeesuseessneeeees 20 DTG ICH 1S GUC ee ee 29 21 5 Elec cal CON MCC ON nennen ansteht ernennen een 30 AA UP TETEE 31 4 2 1 Initial filling of the fermenter ccccccessssssnsnnncccccceccecseeseesesssssscenaceeeceeeeeceeeseeeessssseaaaaaaeeeeeeeees 31 AD SET NG c et Eee A E E EE E EE E 32 23 ND NIS KNEES 33 4 4 ON SITE LABORATORY ANALYSIS anna nennen rennen nennen 37 AT DE Musei ee iub dus em UAR ANDER OR SEUEDAM UM M CU Ss Mu Uu MM dUE o7 4 4 2 Estimation of buffer capacity VOA TAC ccccccccccccssesssssssssnnnsceceeececeeeeeesessssssssnaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 38 4 4 3 Determination of Ammonia
7. new test make sure all covers are sealed by checking them with the provided leakage detector For this the heating system should be working Close all fermenter openings and valves Disable the gas measurement system Use the improvised u tube manometer see Figure 49 v 3 k w Pe X Lay A nn T 59 A Y XXX y Y j T ALLL NY Figure 49 Improvised u tube manometer connected to the main valve Pressure balanced left Overpressure right If no overpressure is forming use the leakage detector to find the leakage 46 ab we el S Implementing Advance d Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 5 3 Other problems This chapter will give some general tips for plant operation 5 3 1 Common sense The operator should use his her common sense while doing the daily routine in the plant During operation of the plant a blinkered attitude to one s work could arise Try to avoid this and stick to some basic rules For example When entering the container smell for unusual odors Maybe the gas warning system has a malfunction If there is an unusual smell make sure the container is properly ventilated Take care of your own safety Check the gas concentrations on the gas measurement system while entering Listen to uncommon sounds Keep the container clean Check the floor for water Maybe the gas clock has a leakage or the activated carbon filters need to have some condensate removed Check the sound
8. should be risen gently always checking the fermenter condition via VOA TAC measurements If this ratio rises the feeding amount should be lowered 32 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 4 3 Daily work This chapter will give a guideline on the daily work to be done on the pilot plant Check atmospheric pressure and temperature Figure 30 note it Figure 30 Small weather station to check temperature and atmospheric pressure Take out the same amount of fermentation residues you want to add gt note the amount Feed substrate into receiver tank Figure 31 note the amount It is recommended to take out some residues from the digester and mix it with the fresh substrate One extra bucket for flushing can be useful too By flushing with this extra bucket you can make sure that all the fresh substrate left the screw conveyor Figure 31 Manual feeding via the receiver tank 33 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste Log the meter reading of electric meter and gas meter Figure 32 gt note it 5 mg y x D N WN ih nr hy 1 aan mI Figure 32 Electric meter in the electric cabinet outside of the fermenter left and gas counter inside the container right Check the filling level of the fermenter Figure 33 if necessary take out some substrate If you did note the amount Figure 33 The fermenters le
9. 0 4 is common however every individual biogas plant has an own optimal value This optimal value can only be determined through long term monitoring and continuous measuring because the VOA TAC value may vary depending of substrate composition At renewable energy biogas plants for example the VOA TAC value is pending between 0 4 and 0 6 and the plant is still running well Only with trial and error of different possibilities the optimal plant performance can be determined The starting VOA TAC value can vary a lot but it is important to mention that every increase of VOA TAC value causes a process inhibition That means maximum biogas production without worrying a process crash A process crash is very cost intensive a couple of weeks no gas production and a huge effort to regenerate the process or cleaning out the digester The efficiency of a year can be risked with a process crash Table 1 gives an overview on the meaning of VOA TAC values Table 1 VOA TAC value meaning VOA TAC Value background plant heavily overfed stop feeding plant overfed reduce feeding plant heavily loaded increase measuring plant well utilized hold feeding plant hungry increase feeding slowly plant very hungry increase feeding quick T Ahrens 2011 40 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 4 4 3 Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen N is an important mineral for methane producing bacteria Microorganisms degr
10. 05 28 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 4 Work instructions for Pilot B This chapter will explain the necessary steps to take the pilot plant into action Furthermore it will deal with the daily routine works while operating the plant 4 1 Plant installation on testing location The following chapter will give a short overview on issues regarding the plant installation on the testing site 4 1 1 General issues The location for the plant should be levelled and able to take the load of the container which is approximately 6 Mg The free area for the container should be at least 8 m x 4 m measures of the container are 6058 x 2438 x 2591 mm LxWxH Very important to keep in mind is that the container will be delivered by truck and a crane is needed to unload and position it on site Therefor enough space must be provided It is possible to level the container by placing adequate spacers e g wooden boards or flagstones under its corners see Figure 25 below p Figure 25 Leveling of the container with wooden boards left The rubber matt provides a large supporting surface Leveling with flagstones right 20 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 4 1 2 Electrical connection The plant needs an electrical connection 380V 50 Hz 3 5 pin according to VDE Norm in fire resistant construction The cables have to be connected with the electr
11. Aeneid erae aiaa araida a aiat aiai ias 41 5 GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING esses 6i eissir sorsan ann 45 Implementing Advanced aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W 5 1 ELECTRICHY SUPPLY PROBLEMS zur nassen 45 5 2 LEAKAGES OF THE FERMENTER ssccssscssssccescccssccesceesccessccesccessecescsesccescscesceescscescsessecescseesceescseeseeeces 46 5 3 OTHER PROBLEMS un nennen een rer 47 BOX E E EEEE re 47 2 0 9 PEODOSSDUBIEZOUUON een ee E rE me ea Mu E S 47 6 TROUBLESHOOTING LIFHUVANTA nn ann 48 PREFERENCES u aaa aan 52 FIGURES Figure 1 Process flow diagram plug flow fermenter STRABAG 2012 adapted 6 Figure 2 Interior of Pilot B Container Left side Laboratory plant steering and measuring equipment Right side fermenter with technical equipment essen 6 Figure 3 Overflow box at the end of the fermenter In the center the pipe bend DN 50 to adjust the overflow Tee einen exi uma Sub antiq E Uri ToUpIS 7 Figure 4 Main fermenter outlet DN 100 In the picture with a connected hose to drain the Termetiter COLLO ee EE T utere tul uunescer ee 8 Figure 5 View on the agitators Four of them are arragened horizontally over the lenght of IDE TORTHOeB E OE ieh 8 Figure 6 Pt100 temperature sensor left and mounting for the pH sensor right In the center is the gas outlet to the gas measuring system cecccccccceceeessseeeccceceeeeeesseeeeceeeeeseeeees 9 Figure 7
12. Figure 47 43 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Figure 47 Two step button using example Pos A shows first rest pos B shows second rest STEP 3 Fill 0 2 ml of dilluted sample in to the prepared cuvette STEP 4 Close the cuvette with its cap make sure that you close it with the reagent showing to the inside STEP 5 Shake the cuvette until the reagent powder is be fully mixed with the liquid STEP 6 Wait for 15 min After 15 min place the cuvette in the LP2W spectral photometer sample chamber and press the button ERGEBNISS Be sure that the cuvette is clean and fully transparent Note the value which will be shown on display of the spectral photometer 44 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 5 General troubleshooting This chapter will give some advice hints on possible malfunctions that could occur during the operation of the pilot plant For special problems with single components please check the according manual provided with the pilot plant 5 1 Electricity supply problems For a stable operation of the digester it is necessary to have a constant electric supply Therefore two emergency supply kits are installed in the pilot plant An emergency generator would be an option too There is no big problem if the electricity is shut down for a short period of time 1 2 hours The emergency supply kits are able to compens
13. Openings in the fermenter wall to observe the fermenter content 10 Figure 8 DN 50 ball valve for sampling of the fermenter content eeeeeusss 11 Figure 9 Supply hopper top and screw conveyor bottom eese 12 Figure 10 Geared motors for mixing of the fermenter content eese 12 Figure 11 Flexible coupling between motor and agitator shaft eee 13 Figure 12 Motor of the screw CONVEYOL sssssssssscccccscccessssssccccsscccesssssseccccesccessssssscccseseceess 13 Figure 13 PT 1000 temperature sensor foreground and insulated covers background Spare mounting for temperature pH sensor right and gas inlet from the gas measurement SVSLBIH CENT ee MU ep DIN MIN SM Nee 15 Figure 14 Scheme of Pilot B pipe plan ssscssccccccsccssssesscccccecccessssssccccsesecessssssscccsseeeeess 16 Figure 15 Drum type gas meter Ritter TG3 PP PP eeeeeseeeeeeeee eene eene nnne nentes 17 Figure 16 Gas measurement system PRONOVA SSM 6000 for CH COs HS and O 18 Figure 17 Main electric cabinet inside of the container It controls all of the fermenter functions The fermenters main switch is attached to the front of the cabinet The switch to choose between manual and auto mode can be found there as well see chapter 3 20 Figure 18 Desktop computer for pla
14. PC to connect Analog connector upper 37 pin terminal strip on the back front of the PC Digital connector lower 37 pin terminal strip on the back front of the PC Umwelt und Ingenieurtechnik GmbH Dresden 2005 21 E gt Implementing Advanced C aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W 3 Program description Bioreaktor This chapter introduces the program Bioreaktor which is used to control the fermenter functions 3 1 Introduction The program Bioreaktor and the associated measurement program for the gas meter GU are Windows programs which were created using LabView 6i The program can be found in the directory C Bioreaktor data The data files are interpreted as text files and can be opened and edited in MS Excel MS Word and MS editor For each data file exists a Log file which is provided with the same name but the extension log This file stores all set parameters and the current as header information is stored for this test Figure 19 shows a sample of this log file 13 05 15 finished feeding changed stirers working time versuchs Einstellungen R hrwerk Laufzeit Standzeit Drehrichtung 2 min in Linkslauf gt min in Alternierend 60 sek 10 sek 2 min Alternierend 60 sek 10 sek gt min in Alternierend 60 sek 10 sek 1 2 i A Hel zungsrege lung Temperaturwert Toleranzwert Behalter 3 3 grd Heizung 48 C Figure 19 Sample of a log file Showin
15. W13 connected to the input of the gas meter Previous to the gas meter is a T piece on which a closing clutch is attached to the terminal of the analyzer The same T piece is installed at the gas outlet of the gas meter This offers the possibility of gas analysis before and after the gas meter The gas meter must be filled with a sealing liquid e g water and placed exactly in horizontal position The counter output is connected to the computer and there is stored in a data file The complete description of the Drum Type gas meter can be found in the Appendix 5 17 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 2 8 Gas analyzer mil Bask hlung ohne Gaskuhtung EEE Figure 16 Gas measurement system PRONOVA SSM 6000 for CH4 CO2 H2S and Oz For the measurement of the gas composition a gas analyzer SSM 6000 is used Figure 16 The gas analysis is performed for the gases methane hydrogen sulfide oxygen and carbon dioxide The determined values are also stored in a data file on the computer The complete description of the Gas analyzer can be found in the Appendix 6 2 9 Measurement of pH For the measurement of the pH values it is used an industry electrode EGA 153I S in a special length of 650 mm The signal is processed by the measuring amplifier and transmitted to the computer For the temperature compensation a resistance thermometer Pt1000 is used This will simultaneously measure
16. ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Heport no O4 2 04 2 USER GUIDELINE FOR PILOT B OPERATION Version 2 0 Tim Freidank Vygintas Dauksys Thorsten Ahrens November 2013 Disclaimer This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union in electronic version provide link to http europa eu The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union ns ed 204 Or EN SA Tn P m 9 Part financed by European Regional Development Fund Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007 2013 Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences e the European Union Implementing Advanced C aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W Index i GENERAL DESCRIPTION aussen 6 EEIN TROU TION rec 6 2 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION ass0045084 0084004000 E DUISPHINDESSSTEELEBRNPENDEBU an ee ee Te 7 D OBCREM CONVEYOB cmi cvdtede naut ubt EPUM M DEM M b M M UIDI 13 2XoS CU Ue T 14 DATING SYS Ne II MM M A en ATUM D IE 14 25 MIN BEBE LO RR E 15 DO PILOT BIRELTAN T T P 16 2 7 DRUM TYPE GAS METER 2004000 a en ernten eier seen een 17 DEVO ANALYZER T 18 OO MEASUREMENT Eee 18 DAO TEMPERATURE
17. ade proteins from substrates over amino acids into ammonium NH N Amino acids form the nitrogen source for methane producing bacteria and all other biogas bacteria in biogas processes But highly increasing ammonium concentrations NH4 N come across as inhibitors If the pH value rises over 8 the ammonium is converted to toxic ammonia NH3 Substrates like excrements of poultry contain a high amount of nitrogen and increase nitrogen concentrations in fermenters Before feeding critical substrates it is advisable to determine the nitrogen concentration T Ahrens 2011 To determine the ammonia concentration the same liquid phase is used as for VOA TAC analyses Figure 39 It is advisable to use the same because a lot of time can be saved The liquid phase is diluted for Dr Lange cuvette tests because the cuvette tests Dr Lange LCK 302 only has a small measuring range Figure 42 Ss es for ammonia analysis cuvette with green liquid is already used the one Figure 42 Dr Lange LCK 302 cuvett with the clear liquid is a new one The used dilutions are generally 1 20 or 1 10 but the dilution degree depends on the amount of ammonia in the sample If necessary the dilution degree has to be adapted The diluted sample is treated with some special reagents and after a time of 15 minutes the amount of ammonium is measured with a Dr Lange LP2W spectral photometer equipped with a 695 nm filter 41 ab we Implementing Ad
18. ate this period of time depending on the charging level of the internal battery This compensation just effects the main computer and the gas measurement system Without electric supply there is no stirring and heating which has a negative impact on fermentation process speed and gas production It may also cause the fermenter content to rise like a yeast dough This can lead to an overflow of the fermenter content for example out of the overflow box at the end of the fermenter see Figure 48 Unfortunately there is no possibility to stir the fermenter without electricity 45 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste Trouble shooting If the electric supply breaks down this is most likely because 1 External causes problems in electric network shut down for maintenance works natural phenomena like lightning strikes 2 Internal causes main fuse failure How to solve Check the electrical connection of the container including all plugs in the supply line Check the containers main fuse in the outer electrical cabinet 5 2 Leakages of the fermenter First of all make sure that the container is good ventilated Take care of your own safety Trouble shooting Leakages can be detected on two ways 1 Alarm activated by the gas warning system 2 Detection of oxygen in the produced gas How to solve Leakages could appear due to not correctly closed fermenter covers After starting a
19. bility would be to use the screw conveyor used for feeding the fermenter see Figure 28 manure pump Make sure to close the covers of the fermenter correctly It may be helpful to use some grease e g petroleum jelly to get the fermenter gastight 31 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 4 2 2 Starting a new test When the fermenter has been filled with new material the system should then be heated up to the desired temperature This may take some time depending on different factors like outside temperature desired fermenter temperature stirred unstirred system and so on To check if the fermenter is gas tight attach an improvised pressure meter U tube manometer see Figure 29 to the main gas valve closing all other valves While heating up the system the pressure should rise If this does not happen use the provided gas leakage detector to check for leakages Figure 29 Improvised U tube manometer attached to the fermenters main valve The stirrers should be working from the beginning of a new test to allow the fermenter content to be heated evenly The oxygen which is still inside the system will disappear during the start up phase by biological conversion Feeding can be started gently when the methane concentration is at a concentration of gt 50 This may take about 7 days depending on the inoculum The daily produced gas amount should be gt 150 l d The feeding rate
20. binet to choose between manual and auto mode Below the plants main switch The parameters set by the user can always be changed but will only be refreshed with test switched off and by clicking Einstellungen bernehmen Apply settings 25 Implementing Advanced aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W Control elements in this figure Stirrers Activate Runtime Rest time Turning direction Alternating Runtime directions Pause while changing Feeding Temperature control Setpoint vessel Tolerance Setpoint heater clicking the button below column heading Activate green active red inactive activation time of the agitator in minutes when activated resting time of the agitator in minutes when activated turning direction when agitator starts changing of the turning direction of the agitator when activated agitator will start with chosen turning direction when agitator and alternating is activated the agitator will turn in the chosen direction this runtime in minutes when agitator and alternating is activated the agitator will stop for this time during changing the turning direction Times for rotary valve not mounted and screw conveyor have to be entered separately The screw conveyor can operate alone but will also be activated when the rotary valve is operating if the temperature in the vessel is deviated lower than the setpoint the heaters will be activated exceeding the setpoint tol
21. ck all valves and devices when finishing work Problem electrics shut off o Reason misbalance in the grid overvoltage due to lightning striking the wires other electrical problems in the power supply o Solution installation of two electric compensators to keep the computer and gas measuring system working for at least one hour Problem valves clogging o Reason condensate blocking the valves see Figure 53 o Solution change of the gas outlet from a small diameter to a bigger diameter o Other reason substrate or fermenter material could cause a blocking too o Solution Cleaning the gas outlet with a piece of wire N IN Figure 53 Gas outlet for the gasmeasuring system Due to clogged openings by condensate they have been exchanged to outlets with a bigger diameter as shown in the picture 50 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste Problem Oxygen in the fermenter o Reason leakage at the thermometer on the gas clock o Solution sealed the leakage with glue and sticky tape see Figure 54 Figure 54 Sealed leakage at the thermometer of the gas clock Sealed with glue and sticky tape Problem bad smell inside of the container o Reason emission from the supply hopper o Solution covered the supply hopper opening with a sandbag see Figure 55 D i p 1 LA i Figure 55 Covered supply hopper to avoid emission of bad odors 51 Implementing Advanced ast
22. e Concepts for Biological Ublization of W 7 References T Ahrens A B 2011 Report on substrate pretreatment qualify and biogas potential of different waste substrates and suitable substrate mixtures for each individual region REMOWE output report O3 2 3 1 Umwelt und Ingenieurtechnik GmbH Dresden 23 November 2005 Versuchsreaktor zur Trockenverg rung Ger tebeschreibung und Bedienhandbuch Dresden Deutschland 52
23. erance the heaters will be deactivated the activation and deactivation temperatures of the three activated heaters are only in the range setpoint 3 degrees This means that overheating of the single heating circuits and or the fermenter walls will be avoided by the setpoint of the heaters Even in case of the signal Vessel temperature too low the heating circuit will remain deactivated until the heat transfer to the medium is finished After applying the setting you can proceed to the sheet Schema scheme see Figure 24 26 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste b Bioreaktor vi 2 5 2013 13 37 Heater 1 bou 39 5 pH 6 9 bor 140 9 Heater 2 Figure 24 Program Bioreaktor Sheet Scheme User interface is translated to English Picture is adapted original language is German The schematic display of the bioreactor shows all measured values and controlled elements Inactive elements will be displayed red active elements will be displayed green Manual mode This button cannot be used and lights up activ when the switch on the control cabinet is turned to manual mode see Figure 23 This setting marks an active test that will not save any results and can be finished at any time This test will be started by clicking the switch Versuch in the top right corner which will also finish the test This allows the operator to test these parameters and change them after a stop A
24. even if no gas could be measured with external device We found out by chance that the alarm went off when slamming the door o Solution Possible failure caused by transport of the plant Closed circuit somewhere in the H S sensor see Figure 50 Figure 50 H2S sensor from the gas warning system Sensor had a closed circuit causing false alarms 48 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Problem unusual sounds o Reason Gears broken gas measuring devices pump rubber hose worn see Figure 51 o Solution Operator should get a feeling for the plant t al Figure 51 Rubber hose of the pump from the gas measurement system Replaced due to wear marks sounds Problem titrator giving error message no ex unit o Reason the exchange unit on top of main unit containing the bottle etc can be accidently moved when removing the pH sensor o Solution push the exchange unit back in position see Figure 52 red arrow also see the troubleshooting guide in the titrator manual Figure 52 Titrator with marked exchange unit The upper part can accidently be moved which results in an error message 49 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Problem suddenly very high production rate a lot of oxygen in the system o Reason accidently forgotten valve gas measuring device was pumping air inside the fermenter o Solution double che
25. g users comments and system settings A file that is still being processed can be opened but not edited 22 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 3 2 Files With every measurement the following data is stored in columns in the file Bio xxxxxx txt TB1 Fermenter temperature 1 in C TB2 Fermenter temperature 2 in C TG1 Gas temperature in the counter in C TH1 Heater temperature left as seen from screw conveyor in C TH2 Heater temperature right as seen from screw conveyor in C TH3 Heater temperature bottom in C pH value CH in Vol HS in ppm Os in Vol CO in Vol96 Gas volume in Liters Date Time See Figure 20 for a sample Gasuhr Datum CHA vol o 143 475 144 615 146 325 148 095 149 550 151 110 152 550 153 945 154 995 156 345 158 115 159 645 161 175 oo BBRRTIIU NNNNNNNNNNNNN mp aAnoBNNNKHOKOO uod et he o oooo gt OQ us W O W UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ CO ll recorded data from the fermenter Figure 20 Sample of a Bio xxxxxx txt file Showin In the directory C Bioreaktor daten the file Gas uhr ini is located This file contains the actual value from the gas counter and the corresponding time 23 Implementing Advanced aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W 3 3 Program description When starting a test with the bioreactor the program GU should be started first Afterwards
26. he agitators Figure 10 Figure 10 Geared motors for mixing of the fermenter content 12 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste The agitators are mounted in bearings on the metal walls of the fermenter The bearing shells are bolted and sealed with O ring seal On the closed side is set a Gliding surface bearings The continuous side is sealed with a double mechanical seal and supported with a ball bearing The connection to the motor forms a flexible coupling Figure 11 A detailed view of the agitator bearing is shown in the drawing 116 179 02 01 00 in Appendix 1 Figure 11 Flexible coupling between motor and agitator shaft The complete plant is shown in the drawing 116 179 01 00 00 in Appendix 1 2 2 Screw conveyor Figure 12 Motor of the screw conveyor The screw conveyor Figure 12 type U 120 x 1200 is used to transport the fermenting materials into the fermenter The serew eonveyor was eeupled te a retary valve not installed This means that the screw conveyor is always working even if the rotary valve is on regardless of the set operating and break times of the screw conveyor It must be ensured that the screw conveyor runs until there is no more feeding material in the conveyor The complete description of the screw conveyor can be found in the Appendix 8 13 ab we el S Implementing Advanc ed Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste
27. he fermenter wall to observe the fermenter content Furthermore 6 ball type valves DN 1 2 with hose connectors and a ball valve DN50 are mounted on this side to take samples from the fermenter The ball valves have a protection against accidental changing This has to be pulled upwards to allow turning of the ball valve Figure 8 10 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste The high quality steel fermenter has an electric heater which is applied as a surface heating mat on the fermenter The heating has 3 heating circuits which can be switched independently see chapter 3 5 for detailed information Each of the heating circuits has a temperature sensor PT 100 which is used to control the heating The heating circuit 1 is located on the left long side stirrer implementing side of the fermenter the heating circuit 2 on the right long side operator side and the heating circuit 3 on the floor The loading of the fermenter is realized via a supply hopper Figure 9 The maximum capacity is approximately 35 liters From this supply hopper the material gets into the screw conveyor The screw conveyor then transports the material into the fermenter 11 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste Figure 9 Supply hopper top and screw conveyor bottom On the right long side is a crossbeam attached to the frame on which the motors are attached to t
28. he provided sieve Figure 39 38 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste From the sample 5 g are measured in a small beaker with the scale Then distilled water is added to an overall mass of 20 g Figure 40 Figure 40 Sample preparation for VOA TAC analysis After adding a magnetic stirring core the beaker is placed on the magnetic stirring device The pH sensor is then lower into the sample and the stirrer is started Figure 41 E gt Figure 41 VOA TAC analysis with titrator 39 ab we el S Implementing Advance d Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Pushing the red button on the titrator remote control will add acid The pH can be checked with the pH meter Titration with 0 1 N H SO till pH 5 note value of used acid Refill the titrator Titration with 0 1 N HSO till pH 4 4 gt note value of used acid Calculation the VOA TAC with an empiric Formula Calculation Formula empiric vTI guidelines Amount of substrate 5 g Amount of water 15 g Acetic acid 0 1N 20 05mol L TAC H SO usage till pH 5 in mL x 250 VOA H55S0 usage till pH 4 4 in mL x 1 66 0 15 x 500 Important if another amount of substrate is used the concentration of the acid has to be calculated new VOA VOA amount H250 from pH 5 0 till pH 4 4 in ml x 1 66 0 15 x500 TAC TAC amount H250 from pH X X till pH 5 0 in ml x 250 The VOA TAC ratio from 0 3 to
29. ic cabinet outside the container The Pilot plant comes with a 30 m cable which has to be connected with the electric grid on the testing site After connection to the grid has been applied switch on all the fuses and push the button on the left side of the fuses in the outer electric cabinet see Figure 26 Figure 26 Main electrical connection in outer electric cabinet left Main fuse and electric meter right The container needs to be grounded with the provided metal stick see Figure 27 The cable that is attached to the stick can be screwed to both corners of the container on the side with the electric cabinet Figure 27 Metal stick for grounding of the container To complete the electrical installation the computer and the gas warning system have to be connected to the emergency power supply kits The computer has to be connected with the main electric cabinet using the two 37 pin cables for detailed information check chapter 2 12 30 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 4 2 Start up The fastest way to start a new fermentation process would be to use material from a good working full scale plant If such material is not available cow manure suits best as inoculum 4 2 1 Initial filling of the fermenter To start the process approximately 550 liters of material is needed It may be filled in the fermenter by taking one of the top covers of the fermenter Another possi
30. ich was adapted by the Federal agricultural research center of Germany former FAL now Johann Heinrich von Th nen Institute vTI The quotient abbreviated by VOA TAC of the acid concentration and buffer capacity of digestion residues will be defined VOA stands for volatile organic acids with the unit mg L acetic acid equivalent TAC stands for total inorganic carbonate basic buffer capacity with the unit mg CaCO l The VOA TAC value is a long time guide value for the evaluation of fermentation processes With this information it is possible to predict and avoid malfunctions or an overturning of the microbiology T Ahrens 2011 The determination can be done with the provided titrator Metrohm 665 Dosimat Figure 37 position 2 For samples weight measurements the laboratory is provided with small scale Figure 37 position 3 First of all a representative digestion sample has to be taken Figure 39 It is recommended to use the DN 50 ball valve on the operator side of the fermenter Figure 8 To guarantee a representative sample the valve should be flushed first Therefor fill half of a bucket with the fermentation residues and put it back into the system via the screw conveyor Afterwards a sample can be taken Figure 39 Samples taken from the fermenter In the front a sieve to remove solid particles left Solid particles removed from the sample with the provided sieve right Solid particles are removed from the samples using t
31. ide fermenter with technical equipment ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 2 Equipment description The following chapter will give an overview over the main components of the fermenter All appendices mentioned in the following description will be part of the manual provided with the pilot plant but will not be part of this document 2 1 Stainless steel fermenter The experimental reactor consists of a stainless steel fermenter with the following dimensions Longitude 2850 mm Width 420 mm Height 700 mm The complete fermenter is received by a frame which is mounted on the ground The front area of the fermenter has a bevel with an angle of 30 degrees which is required by the inclined installation of the spiral conveyor There is an overflow box at the back end with an adjustable pipe bend of the size DN 50 see Figure 3 By changing the inclination of the pipe bend can be adjusted in the fermenter at a level of at least 450 mm and a maximum height of 600 mm d x LI E a E r R EN r e E 7 4 LL ELS ro 7 a J 7 Figure 3 Overflow box at the end of the fermenter In the center the pipe bend DN 50 to adjust the overflow level ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste In the floor of the fermenter at the rear end is located an outlet DN 100 which is closed with a ball valve Figure 4
32. ix milli ISO metric screw thread prefix mega minute normal concentration ammonia ammonium nominal diameter oxygen Poly methyl methacrylate rounds per minute total anorganic carbon volts German electro technology association volatile organic acids von Thunen Institut ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 1 General description This chapter gives an overview over the main plant devices their functionality and the plant control 1 1 Introduction The pilot plant is designed for long term continuous operation to estimate the biogas potential of various substrates using the principle of plug flow dry digestion see Figure 1 Due to its size real size material as it would be used in full scale plants can be used This allows the process simulation of full scale biogas plants Diogas extraction system dewatering tre T gt t gt plug flow reactor press water Figure 1 Process flow diagram plug flow fermenter STRABAG 2012 adapted The pilot plant is also equipped with all necessary lab material to estimated process relevant parameters see Figure 2 With its possibilities it can be used as a training device for future plant operators as a research facility for biogas issues as well as a demonstration object for interested people Ee f N pr Figure 2 Interior of Pilot B Container Left side Laboratory plant steering and measuring equipment Right s
33. l cabinet The control cabinet Figure 17 operates the motors and the heaters directly controlled by the computer In addition the panel processes the measurement signals from the sensors and outputs to the computer For this purpose the cables have to be connected analog and digital on the computer and the control cabinet The selector switch manual auto is to be switched according to the required operating mode of the program The manual operation is necessary to set up the test The automatic mode turns on when the test should run independently The circuit diagrams are shown in Appendix 1 NN E A 4 1 3 RB RB RBB Figure 17 Main electric cabinet inside of the container It controls all of the fermenter functions The fermenters main switch is attached to the front of the cabinet The switch to choose between manual and auto mode can be found there as well see chapter 3 20 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 2 12 Computer controls As control computer a conventional desktop PC is used Figure 18 which was equipped with an additional analog card for recording the measured values and with a digital card to issue the control signal To compensate electrical misbalance in the grid emergency power supply units have been installed supply for the computer and the gas measurement system in case of a blackout The two 37 pin cables from the cabinet are as follows on the
34. nsure that humidity does not penetrate the isolation 15 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 2 6 Pilot B pipe plan The pilot plant has two main circuits of hoses The first one is sucking the gas from the fermenter to the gas measuring system After measuring the gas is pumped back into the fermenter The second hose system connects the fermenter with the gas storage bags 1 2 and 3 with a volume of 250 liters each The gas is going over the gas clock to estimate the formed gas volume From the bags the gas can be pumped into the atmosphere or to the supplied gas burner Anyway the gas is going through an activated carbon filter for H gt S reduction A detailed pipe plan is shown in Figure 14 Environment Activated Carbon Filter Gas utilization Flame non return Gas bag 2 AN finger Pump 7 9 x Gas bag 1 D Tl X X AX OCHO Dei Gas bag 3 GB1 GB2 3 Gas outlet to environment Gas outlet H2S measuring Substrate container MV mvoil PEN Mvo2 l SUA SSL Stirrers Figure 14 Scheme of Pilot B pipe plan 16 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 2 Drum type gas meter Figure 15 Drum type gas meter Ritter TG3 PP PP For measuring the amount of gas produced during the fermentation a drum type gas meter type TG3 PP PP is used Figure 15 The gas connection on the cover of the plant is made with a PVC hose N
35. nt control The two black boxes right and center provide emergency power supply for the computer and the gas measurement system in case OL a DIJe KOM ee E ai DNE DI DID DIM DII ee 21 Figure 19 Sample of a log file Showing users comments and system settings 22 Figure 20 Sample of a Bio xxxxxx txt file Showing all recorded data from the fermenter 23 Figure 21 Program Gasuhr gas counter ee ae 24 Figure 22 Program Bioreaktor sheet Settings The picture shows translated user interface Picture is adapted original language is German eese 25 ab we el S Implementing Advance d Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Figure 23 Switch on the main electric cabinet to choose between manual and auto mode Below the plants main SWItCH sssssssssccccssscssssssssccccsscccsssesseccccsseccasssessccccsseecesssssscccceseeees 25 Figure 24 Program Bioreaktor Sheet Scheme User interface is translated to English Picture is adapted original language is German esses 27 Figure 25 Leveling of the container with wooden boards left The rubber matt provides a large supporting surface Leveling with flagstones right eseeeeeeeeeee 20 Figure 26 Main electrical connection in outer electric cabinet left Main fuse and electric DREI RIED seen ee
36. rface of the fermenter It consists of 3 heating circuits that are mounted on the left and right sides and on the floor of the fermenter The maximum power input of the heating circuits is shown below Heating circuit 1 left side 1000 Watt Heating circuit 2 right side 1500 Watt Heating circuit 3 Floor 1200 Watt The nominal temperature of the heating system is 80 C The heating system is controlled from a computer in which both the temperature in the fermenter and the heating temperature can be set as references values The fermenter must not be heated in unfilled conditions and must always be filled to the minimum level 450 mm in the normal operating mode 14 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste The application and installation instructions for the heating mats are summarized in Appendix 2 2 5 Insulation The fermenters heating system is insulated by a 60 mm glass wool matt with a cover made of aluminum sheet The insulation is permanently installed and recessed at the viewing windows and the shaft bushings The upper end forms cartridges Figure 13 that are loosely placed on the cover For this reason the passages for the pH values and temperature measurement remain free Figure 13 PT 1000 temperature sensor foreground and insulated covers background Spare mounting for temperature pH sensor right and gas inlet from the gas measurement system center It is important to e
37. s of the motors to detect possible malfunctions Check if the stirrers are working correctly Check the filling level of the fermenter E g it could be good to lower the filling level if a top layer was formed Lowering the level can make the stirrers destroy the top layer making it easier for the gas to leave the system Touch the walls of the fermenter to check if the heaters are really working Check the valves you regularly use before you leave the container Maybe you left them in a wrong position Check if the gas bag fill evenly Maybe one has a leakage Empty the gas bags with the pump on a daily basis You will make more experiences while operating the plant Share your know how and make some notes in the provided journal so future operators can benefit from your experiences 5 3 2 Process optimization In the following some tips will be given for good fermentation results Reduction of H S Two reduce the amount of H S in the biogas it can be useful to pump a small amount of air into the system This will lower the H S concentration due to microbial conversion For this just open the valve leading to the gas measurement system for a short time maybe 10 20 seconds on a daily basis Check how the H5S concentration develops Low gas production rate Check the VOA TAC ratio more often see chapter 4 4 2 Maybe the plant is under over fed If this is the case adapt the feeding amount 47 ab we Implementing Ad
38. ssure balanced left Overpressure TIGHt cccccccssssssssssscccccccccssssseseccccsscceessesssccccssecceesssesecccsseeceasssssscccsess 46 Figure 50 H2S sensor from the gas warning system Sensor had a closed circuit causing Tale OUR SNP EIE me 48 Figure 51 Rubber hose of the pump from the gas measurement system Replaced due to wear MIMS SOLL E 52 chcces exec ER EUENNENEOEEREUELEELFUENEUEEEEN m m 49 Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of W Figure 52 Titrator with marked exchange unit The upper part can accidently be moved WE which results in an error MESSAZE cccccccccccccccennssssssssssscssccccccccccccceeeeenacasssssssssecececcecccceeeeees 49 Figure 53 Gas outlet for the gasmeasuring system Due to clogged openings by condensate they have been exchanged to outlets with a bigger diameter as shown in the picture 50 Figure 54 Sealed leakage at the thermometer of the gas clock Sealed with glue and sticky TDC a ees 51 Figure 55 Covered supply hopper to avoid emission of bad odors 51 TABLES Table 1 VOA TAC value meaning ABBREVIATIONS DN CaCO3 CHA CO2 PMMA rpm TAC VDE VOA vil diameter nominal calcium carbonate methane carbon dioxide day gram hydrogen sulfide sulfuric acid hertz liter length x width x height meter pref
39. the program Bioreaktor should be started 3 4 Program Gasuhr gas counter The program shows up as shown in Figure 21 Basuhr Liter Impulse 2 00 140 Figure 21 Program Gasuhr gas counter With this program the gas counter can be displayed independently The light above the button Start shows if the measurement is ready green or stopped red Stopping the measurement is done by clicking the button Stop The actual counter since the last start will remain When starting new the gas counter will be activated and the counter will start from o Every minute the counter will be saved to the file Gas uhr ini With the button ENDE the program closes 3 5 Program Bioreaktor The steering program Bioreaktor starts like seen in Figure 22 In the sheet Einstellungen setup the parameters can be set It s divided into 3 blocks Agitator parameters Feeding of the fermenter Temperature control 24 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Stirrers Turning direction Alternating Runtime Pause while Figure 22 Program Bioreaktor sheet Settings The picture shows translated user interface Picture is adapted original language is German In the picture you can also see the position of the switch HAND AUTO from the electric cabinet and the current time see Figure 23 Figure 23 Switch on the main electric ca
40. the temperature inside the fermenter The measured values are stored in a data file in the computer The implementation of the pH measurement to the other measurement point should be changed with the temperature sensor in the sense of an exact temperature compensation The measuring points that are not being used must be closed with a dummy The pH electrode is made of glass and therefore very fragile Must have extreme caution when handling 18 Implementing Advanced aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W The cable has a degree of protection IP65 No moisture or humidity must get into the connector The complete description of the measuring electrode and the measuring amplifier can be found in the Appendix 4 2 10 Temperature measurement The temperature in the system is measured at 6 different locations The measuring points and the associated sensors are shown below Temperature 1 in fermenter Pt 100 Temperature 2 in fermenter Pt 1000 T compensation for pH Temperature in the sealing liquid gas meter Pt 100 Temperature heating system 1 Pt 100 Temperature heating system 2 Pt 100 Temperature heating system 3 Pt 100 The measured values are used to control the heating system and stored in a data file in the computer The complete description of the temperature measuring amplifier can be found in the Appendix 3 19 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Ublization of Waste 2 11 Electric contro
41. utomatic mode To start an automatic test the following steps need to be completed 1 Hit apply settings 2 Turn the switch on the control cabinet to AUTO see Figure 23 3 Start the program Gasuhr setting the counter to zero 4 Start the test by clicking the button Versuch For entering text to the log file a window pops up The data you enter here is just for your information Entering a value in the field below allows to change the interval in which the data will be saved The range is between o 1h 6 min and 24h When you hit enter a new screen appears 27 Implementing Advanced aste Concepts for Biological Ublization of W You can see the changes made in the window before When you want to apply to these settings the red button has to be turned to green by clicking it then hit OK This will start the test While operating a test in automatic mode you can proceed to the sheet Graphik Up to 500 recorded values of the measured variables can be displayed here With the button below the graphic you can choose from the different parameters It may take up to 20 seconds for the new parameter to appear To end a test go to the sheet Schema and click on the button Versuch While the test will end in manual mode a new screen will pop up in automatic mode asking you again if you want to stop the test While performing a test closing the program is not possible Umwelt und Ingenieurtechnik GmbH Dresden 20
42. vanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste 6 Troubleshooting Lithuania This chapter will give an overview on problems that occurred during the Lithuanian operating period The problem will shortly been described including the symptoms and the way they have been solved afterwards If you experience any problems while operating the plant please make some notes in the provided journal in the same structure so future operators can benefit from your experiences Problem gas counter running counter clockwise air suction into the fermenter o Symptoms gas counter running counter clockwise gas measurement device showing oxygen inside the fermenter mould inside the fermenter color of substrate is darker than usual smell for mould o Solution checking for leakages see chapter 5 2 check all moving parts on the gas clock or in the gas line from fermenter to gas clock To reduce mould it is recommended to rise stirrers working period and make them stir more often This will mix the top layer with the rest of the material better Problem high VOA TAC values low gas production rate o Solution reduce feeding run fermenter in batch mode o Reason system overfed high production rate of organic acids decreasing pH 2 inhibition of methane producing bacteria Problem gas alarm o Reason gas leakage o Solution check for gas leakages and seal them up o Other reason technical failure o Symptoms alarm going of very often
43. vanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste After the dilution the ammonia test should be done step by step like shown in Figure 43 Figure 43 Step by step guide for the Dr Lange LCK 302 ammonia cuvette test STEP 1 take a new cuvette from the fridge clean it with a tissue to make sure that it has no dirt or condensate on it and is fully transparent Switch on the LP2W spectral photometer see Figure 44 place the cleaned cuvette in the sample chamber and press the button TEST Then push the button NULL Figure 44 Dr Lange LP2W spectral photometer for on site NH4 N determination Take the same cuvette and tear off the metal film like it shown in Figure 43 Step 1 42 ab we Implementing Adva epts for Biological Utilization STEP 2 open the cuvette then take the pipette and add disposable tip on it Figure 45 positions 4 and 5 Figure 45 Precise dosing pipette with mounted disposable tip 1 two step button 2 tip removal Buttm 3 dosing adjustment regulator 4 dosing indicator 5 disposable tip Use the dosing regulator to adjust the necessary amount of liquid Figure 46 Figure 46 Pipettes adjustment example with adjustment regulator black and adjustment value screen The pipette has a two step button when taking a sample it should be pushed only half way Figure 47 position AJ to spill the sample from the pipette to the cuvette it should be pushed to position B
44. vel indication windows 34 ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Check the vessel for the condensed water from the gas analyzer Figure 34 Weight the amount of water and note it If you put the water back into the process you do not have to check the amount Figure 34 The condensate bottle after the gas quality measurement An additional condenser is connected to the hose which leads to the gas measurement system Check this one regularly If the water level is too high stop the pump from the measuring system close the valves take out the condenser and empty it Figure 35 Figure 35 Vessel for condensed water from the gas measurement system 3o ab we Implementing Advanced Concepts for Biological Utilization of Waste Check the general condition of the plant stirring devices gas analyzer and gas meter working properly Maybe a calibration is needed Check the water level and the levelling of the gas clock once in a month If necessary add some water please check the gas clock manual for detailed instructions Note all of your recorded data to the provided journal pages see Figure 36 If you experience any difficulties change parameters steering heating feeding etc or make some interesting experiences please note them in the journal Let future plant operators benefit from your experiences Time Date pud Atmospheric pressure 9 fy Air temperature
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