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W315A/325A Linux User`s Manual

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1. Input int fd gt the file handle returned by swtd open Return Value 0 zero indicates OK other numbers received indicate an error Special Note When you kill the application with 9 or kill without option or Ctrl c the kernel will change to auto ack the sWatchDog When your appli your application problem causin Example 1 include include include include int main int int fd fd swt if fd prin cation enables the sWatchDog and does not ack your application may have a logical error or has made a core dump The kernel will not change to auto ack This can cause a serious g your system to reboot again and again User application examples lt stdio h gt lt stdlib h gt lt string h gt lt moxadevice h gt argc char argv d open lt 0 f tf Open sWatchDog device fail n 6 4 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide exit 1 swtd_enable fd 5000 enable it and set it 5 seconds while 1 do user application want to do swtd_close fd exit 0 The makefile is shown below all arm linux gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib Example 2 include lt stdio h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt signal h gt include lt string h gt include lt sys stat h gt include sys ioctl h include lt sys select h gt include lt sys time h gt include moxadevice h static void mydelay
2. To improve system reliability the W315A 325A has a built in mechanism that prevents the system from crashing When the Linux kernel boots up the kernel will mount the root file system for read only and then enable services and daemons During this time the kernel will start searching for system configuration parameters with rc or inittab 1 2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual I ntroduction Normally the kernel uses the Root File System to boot up the system The Root File System is protected and cannot be changed by the user This type of setup creates a safe zone For more information about the memory map and programming refer to Chapter 6 Programmer s Guide Journaling Flash File System J FFS2 The Root File System and User Directory in the flash memory are formatted with the Journaling Flash File System J FFS2 The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory This operation is transparent to the user The Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 which was developed by Axis Communications in Sweden puts a file system directly on the flash instead of emulating a block device It is designed for use on flash ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash ROM chip JFFS2 implements wear leveling to extend the life of the flash disk and stores the flash directory structure in the RAM A log structured file system is maintained at all times The system is always consistent even if
3. Kernel Linux 2 6 9 Protocol Stack ARP PPP CHAP PAP IPv4 ICMP TCP UDP DHCP FTP SNMP V1 V3 HTTP NTP NFS SMTP SSH 1 0 2 0 SSL Telnet PPPoE OpenVPN File System JFFS2 NFS Ext2 Ext3 VFAT FAT OS shell command Bash Busybox Linux normal command utility collection Utilities tinylogin login and user manager utility telnet telnet client program ftp FTP client program smtpclient email utility scp Secure file transfer Client Program Daemons pppd dial in out over serial port daemon egprsagent Sms sim gprs controlling agent snmpd snmpd agent daemon inetd TCP server manager program ftpd ftp server daemon apache web server daemon sshd secure shell server openvpn virtual private network openssl open SSL Linux Tool Chain Gcc V3 3 2 C C PC Cross Compiler GDB V5 3 Source Level Debug Server Glibc V2 2 5 POSI X standard C library 1 4 2 Getting Started In this chapter we explain how to connect the W315A 325A turn on the power get started programming and how to use the W315A 325A s other functions The following topics are covered in this chapter o o D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 A Powering on the W315A 325A Connecting the W315A 325A to a PC Serial Console SSH Console Configuring the Ethernet I nterface Modifying Network Settings with the Seria
4. Use the command init q to re init the kernel 3 8 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Cron Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands Cron is a scheduling service in Linux Cron wakes up every minute and checks the configuration file named crontab to see if any scheduled commands should be run at the current moment Crontab is located in the etc cron d directory Modify the file etc cron d crontab to set up your scheduled applications Crontab has the following format mm h dom mon dow user command min hour date month week user command 0 59 0 23 1 31 1 12 0 6 0 is Sunday The following example demonstrates how to use Cron How to use cron to update the system time and RTC time every day at 8 00 STEP 1 Write a shell script named fixtime sh and save it to home bin sh ntpdate time nist gov hwclock systohc exit 0 STEP 2 Change mode of fixtime sh chmod 755 fixtime sh STEP 3 Modify etc cron d crontab file to run fixtime sh at 8 00 every day Add the following line to the end of crontab 8 root home fixtime sh STEP 4 Enable the cron daemon manually etc init d cron start STEP 5 Enable cron when the system boots up By default cron service is disabled on boot To enable cron service refer to the section Enabling and Disabling Daemons in this chapter 4 Managing Communications In this chapter we explain how to co
5. Remarks define MAX SMS BYTES 512 typedef struct SMSMSG unsigned int char msg_date 12 char msg time 20 char phone number 20 unsigned int msg length char msg text MAX SMS BYTES SMSMSG PSMSMSG To use PDU mode to send your SMS messages you must specify the exact length in 5MSMSG msg length in the SMSMSG data structure been read W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide int cellular modem sms recv message unsigned int fd int index unsigned int msg mode SMSMSG psms Description Receives an indexed SMS message Input lt fd gt the cellular modem lt index gt the index to the message pool lt msg_mode gt 0 message in text 1 message in PDU lt psms gt pointer to the message Return Value 0 on success otherwise the function has failed Remarks define MAX_SMS_ BYTES 512 typedef struct SMSMSG unsigned int been read char msg_date 12 char msg time 20 char phone number 20 unsigned int msg length char msg text MAX SMS BYTES SMSMSG PSMSMSG To use PDU mode to receive your SMS message you must destruct the SMSMSG msg_text field to extract the message body int cellular modem sms delete message unsigned int fd int index Description Deletes an indexed SMS message Input lt fd gt the cellular modem lt index gt the index to the message pool Return Value 0 if successful other numbers indica
6. Orange CH internet isunrise internet C www umc ua s raivan Chunghwa Teleco internet Taiwan Cellular internet G Telecom internet Far EasTone internet TransA sia internet inet internet IS internet T C www dtac co th etc chatscripts apn list 211 249 84 i hs GteOPEN E M E SEER 4 3 If the operator has provided the user and password information you can edit them in this file W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Connecting to the Internet To create a connection use the gprs connect command E COM1 115200 N em root Moxa f qprs connect root Moxa ifconfig pppO pppo Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 116 59 213 231 P t P 192 168 254 254 Mask 255 255 255 255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric l RX packets 4 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 5 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 3 RX bytes 64 64 0 B TX bytes 97 97 0 B iroot Moxa f ping 168 95 1 1 PING 168 95 1 1 168 95 1 1 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 168 95 1 1 icmp seq 0 ttl1 235 time 29 8 ms 64 bytes from 168 95 1 1 icmp seq 1l ttl1 235 time 78 0 ms 168 95 1 1 ping statistics Z packets transmitted Z packets received 0 packet loss round trip min avg max 29 8 53 9 78 0 ms root Moxa For detailed command syntax type gprs_connect h While connected you can use the gprs_connection_status com
7. Starting GPRS connect script n Get the modem s attention and reset it ur ATZ 4 EOZNo echo V1 English result codes OK ATEOVI Set Access Point Name APN SAY Setting APN n OK AT CGDCONT 1 IP internet Dial the number ABORT NO CARRIER SAY Dialing Mn OK ATD 99 1g4 CONNECT Example Selecting the radio band NOTE The GSM GPRS module is configured to 900 1800 MHz by default Althought GSM 900 and GSM 1800 are used in most parts of the world operators in the United States Canada and many other countries in the Americas use GSM 850 or GSM 1900 For users in these areas the radio band can be reconfigured by adding an AT command in etc chatscripts chtgprs connect OK AT WMBS x The x represents one of the band selections shown in the following table Radio Band Selection Mono band 850 MHz Mono band 900 MHz Mono band 1800 MHz Mono band 1900 MHz Dual band 850 1900 MHz Dual band 900 1800 MHz Gn 1 n 1 E lW IR lAa lO 1 s Dual band 900 1900 MHz After setting customized connection we recommend running the command gprscmd to initiate a GPRS connection NFS Network File System The Network File System NFS is used to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive allowing fast seamless sharing of files across a network NFS allows users to develop applications for the W315A 325A without
8. chain List List all rules in selected chains If no chain is selected all chains are listed n Numeric output of addresses and ports iptables t tables FXZ F Flush the selected chain all the chains in the table if none is listed X Delete the specified user defined chain Z Set the packet and byte counters in all chains to zero Examples iptables L n In this example since we do not use the t parameter the system uses the default filter table Three chains are included INPUT OUTPUT and FORWARD INPUT chains are accepted automatically and all connections are accepted without being filtered iptables F iptables X iptables Z Define Policy for Chain Rules Usage iptables t tables P INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD PREROUTING OUTPUT POSTROUTING ACCEPT DROP P Set the policy for the chain to the given target INPUT For packets coming into the W315A 325A OUTPUT For locally generated packets FORWARD For packets routed out through the W315A 325A PREROUTI NG To alter packets as soon as they come in POSTROUTI NG To alter packets as they are about to be sent out W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Examples iptables P INPUT DROP iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT In the above examples the policy accepts outgoing pa
9. integer 1 10 ifl ndex 2 integer 11 ifl ndex 3 12 ifl ndex 4 13 ifl ndex 5 14 ifl ndex 6 integer 6 integer 15 ifDescr 1 octet string ethO 2 3 integer 4 integer 5 16 ifDescr 2 17 ifDescr 3 18 ifDescr 4 octet string 19 ifDescr 5 20 ifDescr 6 octet string Serial port 3 octet string eth1 octet string Serial port 0 Serial port 1 octet string Serial port 2 502 snmpl nGenErrs O counter 0 503 snmplnTotalReqVars O counter 503 504 snmplnTotalSetVars O counter 0 505 snmpl nGetRequests O counter 0 506 snmpl nGetNexts O counter 506 507 snmpl nSetRequests O counter 0 508 snmpl nGetResponses 0 counter 0 509 snmplnTraps O counter 0 510 snmpOutTooBigs 0 counter 0 511 snmpOutNoSuchNames 0 counter 0 512 snmpOutBadValues 0 counter 0 513 snmpOutGenErrs O counter 0 514 snmpOutGetRequests O counter 0 515 snmpOutGetNexts 0 counter 0 516 snmpOutSetRequests O counter 0 517 snmpOutGetResponses 0 counter 517 518 snmpOutTraps O counter 0 519 snmpEnableAuthenTraps 0 integer disabled 2 x SNMP QUERY FINISHED NOTE Click on the following links for more information about MIB II and RS 232 like groups http www fags org rfcs rfc1213 html http www fags org rfcs rfc1317 html 4 22 2 Development Tool Chains This chapter describes how to install a tool chain in the host computer that
10. lt password gt pointer to the user password null indicates an empty password Return Value O on success otherwise the function failed int cellular_modem_gprs_abort_connection unsigned int fd Description Aborts a GPRS connection Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Return Value 0 if successful other numbers indicate that the function failed int cellular modem gprs check connection status unsigned int fd Description Checks the status of a GPRS connection Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Return Value 0 indicates the connection is on other numbers indicate that it is disconnected unsigned int cellular modem gprs diagnose status unsigned int fd Description Diagnosis the status of a GPRS connection and the status of the SIM card Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Return Value 0 indicates no error a 32 bit number indicates a combination of errors see below Remarks GPRS error definitions each stands for a 32 bit number define GPRS_ERROR_BAUDRATE_COM3 1 0 define GPRS ERROR BAUDRATE COMA 1 1 define GPRS ERROR FLOWCONTROL 1 2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide define GPRS ERROR PINCODE 1 3 define GPRS ERROR TEMPERATURE 1 4 define GPRS ERROR SIGNAL STRENGTH 1 5 define GPRS ERROR RADI OBAND 1 6 define GPRS ERROR MODULE 1 7 If the cellular mod
11. 0k 456 0k 4 var dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 0k 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 0k 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 0k 5 5M 8 etc tmpfs 30 4M U 30 4M 0 dev shm dev raml 16 0M WOK 15 1M 0 var ramdisk rootG8Moxa binf Step 3 Download the Net SNMP package from the CD ROM You can find the package on the CD ROM target net snmp Net SNMP tgz root Moxa bin cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk ftp 192 168 27 130 Connected to HOA Loon 25 2130 220 wSEWPd 270 1 Name 10192 168 77 130 root reer 331 Please specify the password Password 230 Login successful Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files fepe cd tmp 250 Directory successfully changed ftp pin 200 Switching to Binary mode ftp gt get Net SNMP tgz local Net SNMP tgz remote Net SNMP tgz 200 PORT command successful Consider using PASV 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for Net SNMP tgz 3019282 bytes 226 File send OK 3019282 bytes received in 2 35 secs 1 3e 03 Kbytes sec Step 4 Untar the package by typing the command tar xvzf Net Snmp tgz root Moxa mnt ramdisk tar xvzf Net SNMP tgz Net SNMP Net SNMP bin Net SNMP bin net snmp config Net SNMP bin snmpgetnext 4 20 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Net SNMP bin snmpvacm Net SNMP bin snmpbulkwalk Net SNMP bin snmpcheck Net SNMP bin snmpusm Net SNMP bin snmpget Net SNMP bin
12. 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 0k 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 0k 5 5M 8 etc tmpfs 14 7M 0 14 7M 0 dev shm dev raml 16 0M 1 0k 15 1M 0 var ramdisk root Moxa bin Step 3 Download the PHP package from the CD ROM You can find the package in CD ROM target php php tgz root Moxa bin cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk ftp 192 168 27 130 Connected to 192 168 27 130 2210 VSETPd 20 1 Name WI 92 II oO Boot 4 4 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Password ftp BED SE loca ftp gt Step apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac apac S 169 232 127 System typ cd tmp louie get php tgz al 200 PORT command successful 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for php tgz 226 File send OK 1789032 bytes received in 0 66 secs 4 he sdlinux he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux ap
13. AST Virtual Directory Support Configuration etc ansche pho Hle php ani Path Loaded Jote apsche phpiphe rt Configuration Done 6 vrer If you want to uninstall PHP follow steps 2 to 5 but select the uninstall option W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications IPTABLES IPTABLES is an administrative tool for setting up maintaining and inspecting the Linux kernel s I P packet filter rule tables Several different tables are defined with each table containing built in chains and user defined chains Each chain is a list of rules that apply to a certain type of packet Each rule specifies what to do with a matching packet A rule such as a jump to a user defined chain in the same table is called a target The W315A 325A supports 3 types of IPTABLES table Filter tables NAT tables and Mangle tables A Filter Table includes three chains INPUT chain OUTPUT chain FORWARD chain NAT Table includes three chains PREROUTI NG chain transfers the destination IP address DNAT POSTROUTI NG chain works after the routing process and before the Ethernet device process to transfer the source IP address SNAT OUTPUT chain produces local packets Use the following optional parameters to configure the NAT table Source NAT SNAT changes the first source packet IP address Destination NAT DNAT changes the first destination packet IP address MASQUERADE a spec
14. Special Moxa Utilities A System Commands W315A 325A Linux User s Manual System Commands Common Linux Utility Commands File Manager cp copy file Is list file In make symbolic link file mount mount and check file system rm delete file chmod change file owner amp group amp user chown change file owner chgrp change file group Sync sync file system let system file buffer be saved to hardware mv move file pwd display now file directly df list now file system space mkdir make new directory rmdir delete directory Editor vi text editor cat dump file context zcat compress or expand files grep search string on file cut get string on file find find file where are there more dump file by one page test test file exist or not sleep sleep seconds echo echo string Network ping ping to test network route routing table manager netstat display network status ifconfig set network ip address tracerout trace route telnet teletype network ftp file transfer protocol Process kill kill process ps display now running process W315A 325A Linux User s Manual System Commands Other dmesg dump kernel log message sty to set serial port zcat dump gz file context mknod make device node free display s
15. To set up DNS client you need to edit three configuration files etc hosts etc resolv conf and etc nsswitch conf etc hosts is the first file that the Linux system reads to resolve the host name and IP address etc resolv conf is the most important file that you need to edit when using DNS for the other programs For example before you use ntpdate time nist goc to update the system time you will need to add the DNS server address to the file Ask your network administrator which DNS server address you should use The DNS server s IP address is specified with the nameserver command For example add the following line to etc resolv conf if the DNS server s IP address is 168 95 1 1 nameserver 168 95 1 1 dco 5 ST OE Y root Moxa etc cat resolv conf resolv conf This file is the resolver configuration file See resolver 5 nameserver 192 168 1 16 nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 140 115 1 31 nameserver 140 115 236 10 root Moxa etc etc nsswitch conf defines the sequence to resolve the IP address by using etc hosts or etc resolv conf 4 2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Web Service Apache The Apache web server s main configuration file is etc apache conf httpd conf with the default homepage located at home httpd htdocs index html Save your own homepage to the following directory home httpd htdocs Save your CGI page to the following directory home h
16. and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication Technical Support Contact I nformation Moxa Americas Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Tel 1 714 528 6777 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Moxa Europe Tel 4 49 89 3 70 03 99 0 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 www moxa com su ort Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 86 10 6872 3958 Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Table of Contents EMIOsDpDp Dn 1 1 OVervIeWus cute M eoe Mer teh d M te aaa dun O es bet dou tuDdeud d reddes 1 2 Software Architecture ciuium tons sagan DNMDNORIIDME tana I N lang P uio GI DIOSA QNA DON DOWD DDR RGR D PDA PDA PDA HIR P A PPB DIR RUIT 1 2 Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 see ee eee 1 3 Software Package oeste eee ei e M e i MEC Ue tux ex en OE E ME 1 4 EMCAXCLnDCEQcIc 2 1 Powering on the W3154 325A c aa a RRR a S 2 2 Connecting the W315A 325A to a PC reer e ee e nemen meme esee ene 2 2 Serial Consolg s 2 S usd ard data peii aei d ird dire ep e EE es Fes ee 2 2 jclxMSelsrie oi HHHH 2 3 Configuring the Ethernet Interface 0 ne eee eee isis e e e senes nnn eee 2 3 Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console cssssssss Hmmm 2 3 Modifying Network Settings over the Network ssssses nner me
17. bugs are found return to Step 4 gt If no bugs are found continue with Step 7 Step 7 Back up the user directory distribute the program to additional W315A 325A units if needed I nstalling the Tool Chain Linux The Linux Operating System must be pre installed in the PC before installing the W315A 325A GNU Tool Chain Fedora core or compatible versions are recommended The Tool Chain requires approximately 200 MB of hard disk space on your PC The W315A 325A Tool Chain software is located on the W315A 325A CD To install the Tool Chain insert the CD in your PC and then issue the following commands mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom sh mnt cdrom tool chain linux install sh The Tool Chain will be installed automatically on your Linux PC within a few minutes Before compiling the program be sure to set the following path first since the Tool Chain files including the compiler link library and include files are located in this directory PATH usr local arm linux bin PATH Setting the path allows you to run the compiler from any directory Checking the Flash Memory Space If the flash memory is full you will not be able to save data to the Flash ROM Use the following command to calculate the amount of Available flash memory df h 2 11 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started EP COM1 115200 None 8 1 ANST mm root Moxa df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on org dev root
18. chmod x hello release hello release The word Hello will be printed on the screen root Moxa hello release Hello Developing Your First Application We use the tcps2 example to illustrate how to build an application The procedure outlined in the following subsections will show you how to build a TCP server program plus serial port communication that runs on the W315A 325A Testing Environment The tcps2 example demonstrates a simple application program that delivers transparent bi directional data transmission between the W315A 325A s serial and Ethernet ports As illustrated in the following figure the purpose of this application is to transfer data between PC 1 and the W315A 325A through an RS 232 connection At the remote site data can be transferred between the W315A 325A s Ethernet port and PC 2 over an Ethernet connection PC1 PC2 Ethernet erial Rx Read serial data S Buffer Send data to PC2 Write data to PC1 gO Receive LAN data 2 13 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Compiling tcps2 c NOTE The source code for the tcps2 example is located on the CD ROM at CD ROM examples W321 341 315 325 345 IA240 241 UC 7112PLUS W315A W325A TCPServer2 tcps2 c Use the following commands to copy the file to a specific directory on your PC We use the directory home w3x5 1st_application Note that you need to copy 3 files Makefile tcps2 c tcpsp c from the CD ROM to t
19. css ee ee e e e ee Ke 6 2 Flash Memory Map 2 5 51723 DETUR PN NR RANG MINOR IND DIU DIEBEERDeCUMUTHH He eR PH EEE ETLE 6 2 Device nme 6 2 RTG Real rime Clock 2 ettet bebe tile iris iste berum e e penk degens pue D 6 3 irri TT 6 3 WDT Watch Dog Timer 2 be ih ended en FUR PP ped pod per eee Ere T e pee Ter rke ve eere arre Rer ened 6 3 UART 2 1 i oreet nenne EIE Gd eek elev ete ele eee eae O E erret 6 6 C Sel 6 7 7 Software LOCK qQ 7 1 A System Conmmands sssssessessssssss ses sessessese essere nenen eR RR RR RR RR ennenen nenen ennenen ennan enen nnana A 1 Common Linux Utility Commands m ETE EE EA ENEE NETEDE ese e e e ee e esee eene A 2 File Managers LERRA Wee dede ev veh a ve TE A 2 o or rn A 2 NetWOrK az ie doe OE VE GO WE en ee E ERE ERI A 2 ProCESS 7 ed A 2 uc T eme A 3 1 Introduction The W315A 325A series of wireless RISC based embedded computers feature a GSM GPRS module RS 232 422 485 serial ports and an Ethernet port in a small rugged chassis and come with an SD slot for external storage expansion The W315A 325A series embedded computers are ideal for diverse machine to machine embedded applications The computers enable the wireless operation of network and serial devices that are traditionally wired and can handle transparent data transfers numerical computing protocol conversion data processing and even data encryption The W315A 3
20. is much larger than that of the NOR Flash Cautiously utilizing this space will ensure that its life cycle will not be exceeded When creating a file for storing log data we suggest setting up your program to create a large empty file e g 30 MB and then write data evenly over the space When reaching the end of the space the program rewinds the write operations As a result the number of write operations on each block will be reduced Using a RAM File System instead of a Flash File System Although data in the RAM file system will be wiped out after a power off this file system has several advantages over a Flash file system The RAM file system includes faster read write access and has no life cycle issues For timely and or important applications that relay data directly back to the host you should write the necessary log data to the RAM file system After the host accesses the data the application will erase the data to free up the space for further uses The embedded computer has limited resources and for this reason designers should determine if storing data in a file system is really necessary If it is necessary then be sure to choose the most appropriate file system for your application Flash Memory Map Partition sizes are hard coded into the kernel binary To change the partition sizes you will need to rebuild the kernel The flash memory map is shown in the following table Address Size Contents 0x
21. test idate 09 11 18 jlength 28 It ime 11 55 09 32 status READ IrootBMoxa T sms remove mss lUsage bin sms remove msg h i index Remove a message for the specific index e g bin sms remove msg h display help message bin sms remove msg i 1 Delete the Message of Index 1 SD Socket for Storage Expansion The W315A 325A models have an SD socket for storage expansion The SD slot allows users to plug in a Secure Digital SD memory card compliant with the SD 1 0 standard for up to 1 GB of additional memory space or a Secure Digital High Capacity SDHC memory card compliant with the SD 2 0 standard for up to 16 GB of additional memory space Refer to the W315A 325A Hardware User s Manual to see how to install the SD card After installing an SD card the SD card will be mounted at mnt sd 2 10 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Test Program Developing Hello c In this section we use the standard Hello programming example to illustrate how to develop a program for the W315A 325A In general program development involves the following seven steps Step 1 Connect the W315A 325A to a Linux PC Step 2 Install Tool Chain GNU cross Compiler amp glibc Step 3 Set the cross compiler and glibc environment variables Step 4 Code and compile the program C ross Step 5 Compiler Download the program to the W315A 325A via FTP or NFS Step 6 Debug the program gt If
22. the Connection sn wissen rare ite Suey Sy oe a ae a ne ea ee note ree eS 4 13 Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections sss eee eee ee e e e e e e e e K K e e e Ke 4 14 GPRS Conhectlom3s a o ELE HAAR EAR ARAR RE 4 17 Configuring the options for pppd xes eee ee e e e ee eee 4 17 Configuring the AT command Serea ellie ardere o 4 18 Example Selecting the radio band sss sese eee eee eee 4 18 NES Network File S ystem jvitiunsu tne del ae a nien nint 4 18 Setting up the W315A 325A as an NFS Client eee teeter rennin renee 4 19 l TTT 4 19 je M OUMOPOREDURUEETTUBUDEET 4 19 5 Development Tool Chains ssessessessesssss ses ves senses es seene ennenen ennenen Renean gu ennenen enen nnana 5 1 Sat Tool Chalmers eee TTT 5 2 Steps for Installing the Linux Tool Chain eese IH mememememememememesese ee 5 2 Compiling an Application ai 2 ir Ee EE EE Tbe EP Ebr EBENE RE Ferr ree Ae 5 2 On Line Debugging with GDB cc e e e e e heme memes esses e e eene 5 3 6 Programmer s Guide eseseseseseeeeeeessesenususususu suns RR IRR RR RR RR GA SR SA GA GR GR a ga aga nenen Renean nenen 6 1 Before Programming Your Embedded System ssssssssssssssssss meme memememesesesese senes nene 6 2 Caution Required when Using File Systema cesse eee eee eee ee e ee e eee eee eee IH mmemememememe memes seen 6 2 Using a RAM File System instead of a Flash File System
23. tool chain also provides an on line debugging mechanism to help you develop your program Before performing a debugging session add the option ggdb to compile the program A debugging session runs on a client server architecture on which the server gdbserver is installed in the target computer and the client ddd is installed in the host computer To illustrate we ll assume that you have uploaded a program named hello debug to the target computer and have started debugging the program 1 5 Log on to the target computer and run the debugging server program gdbserver 192 168 4 142 2000 hello debug Process hello debug created pid 38 The debugging server listens for connections at network port 2000 from the network interface 192 168 4 142 The name of the program to be debugged follows these parameters For a program requiring arguments add the arguments behind the program name On the host computer change the directory to where the program source code resides cd my_work_directory myfilesystem testprograms Execute the client program ddd debugger arm linux gdb hello debug amp Enter the following command at the GDB DDD command prompt Target remote 192 168 4 99 2000 The command produces a line of output on the target console similar to the following Remote debugging using 192 168 4 99 2000 192 168 4 99 is the machine s IP address and 2000 is the port number You can now begin debugging in the host environment usi
24. unsigned long msec struct timeval time time tv_sec msec 1000 time tv_usec msec 1000 1000 select 1 NULL NULL NULL amp time static int swtdfd static int stopflag 0 static void stop_swatchdog stopflag 1 static void do_swatchdog void swtd_enable swtdfd 500 while stopflag 0 mydelay 250 swtd ack swtdfd swtd disable swtdfd int main int argc char argv pid t sonpid Signal SIGUSR1 stop swatchdog swtdfd swtd open W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide if swtdfd lt 0 printf Open sWatchDog device fail n exit 1 if sonpid fork 0 do swatchdog do user application main function end user application kill sonpid SIGUSR1 swtd close swtdfd exit 1 The makefile is shown below all arm linux gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib UART The normal tty device node is located at dev ttyMO ttyM3 The W315A 325A supports standard Linux terminal control The Moxa UART Device API allows you to configure ttyMO to ttyM3 as RS 232 RS 422 4 wire RS 485 or 2 wire RS 485 The W315A 325A supports RS 232 RS 422 2 wire RS 485 and 4 wire RS 485 You must include lt moxadevice h gt define RS232 MODE 0 define RS485 2WIRE MODE 1 define RS422 MODE 2 define RS485 4WIRE_MODE 3 1 Function MOXA SET OP MODE int ioctl fd MOXA SET OP MODE amp mode Description Set the interface
25. worrying about the amount of disk space that will be available The W315A 325A supports NFS protocol for client W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications NOTE Click on the following links for more information about NFS http www tidp org HOWTO NFS HOWTO index html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto client html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto server html Setting up the W315A 325A as an NFS Client Mail NOTE The following procedure is used to mount a remote NFS Server 1 To know the NFS Server s shared directory 2 Establish a mount point on the NFS Client site 3 Mount the remote directory to a local directory mkdir p home nfs public mount t nfs NFS_Server IP directory mount point Example mount t nfs 192 168 3 100 home public home nfs public smtpclient is a minimal SMTP client that takes an email message body and passes it on to an SMTP server It is suitable for applications that use email to send alert messages or important logs to a specific user Click on the following link for more information about smtpclient http www engelschall com sw smtpclient To send an email message use the smtpclient utility which uses SMTP protocol Type smtpclient help to see the help message Example smtpclient s test f sender company com S IP address receiver company com lt mail body message s The mail subject f Sender s mail address S SMTP
26. you use to develop your applications In addition the process of performing cross platform development and debugging are also introduced For clarity the W315A 325A embedded computer is called a target computer The following topics are covered in this chapter O Linux Tool Chain Steps for Installing the Linux Tool Chain Compiling an Application On Line Debugging with GDB W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Development Tool Chains Linux Tool Chain The Linux tool chain contains a suite of cross compilers and other tools as well as the libraries and header files that are necessary to compile your applications These tool chain components must be installed in a host PC that is running Linux We have confirmed that the following Linux distributions can be used to install the tool chain Fefora core 1 amp 2 Steps for Installing the Linux Tool Chain The tool chain needs about 485 MB of hard disk space To install it follow these steps 1 Insert the package CD into your PC and then issue the following commands mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom sh mnt cdrom tool chain linux W321 341 315 325 345 IA240 241 UC 7112PLUS W315A W 325A Linux install 1 2 sh Wait a few minutes for the installation process to finish 3 Addthe directory usr local arm linux bin to your path You can do this for the current login by issuing the following commands export PATH usr local arm linux bin S PATH Alternatively adding the same comma
27. 00000000 0x0003FFFF 256 KB Boot Loader Read ONLY 0x00040000 Ox001FFFFF 1 8 MB Kernel object code Read ONLY 0x00200000 0x009FFFFF 8 MB Root file system JFFS2 Read ONLY 0x00A00000 OxOOFFFFFF 6 MB User directory JFFS2 Read Write Device API The W315A 325A supports control devices with the ioctl system API You will need to include moxadevice h and use the following ioctl function int ioctl int d int request Input int d open device node return file handle int request argument in or out Use the desktop Linux s man page for detailed documentation man ioctl W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide RTC Real Time Clock The RTC device node is located at dev rtc The W315A 325A supports Linux standard simple RTC control You must include linux rtc h 1 Function RTC RD TIME int ioctl fd RTC RD TIME struct rtc time time Description read time information from RTC It will return the value on argument 3 2 Function RTC SET TIME int ioctl fd RTC SET TIME struct rtc time time Description set RTC time Argument 3 will be passed to RTC Buzzer The buzzer device node is located at dev console The W315A 325A supports Linux standard buzzer control with the W315A 3254A s buzzer running at a fixed frequency of 100 Hz You must include lt sys kd h gt Function KDMKTONE ioctl fd KDMKTONE unsigned int arg Description The buzzer s behavior i
28. 25A will make it easier to build embedded systems for distributed peer to peer communication turn wired devices into wireless devices and introduce higher mobility and more intelligence to your system In this chapter we cover the various capabilities of the W315A 325A series embedded computers The following topics are covered in this chapter O Overview O Software Architecture gt Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 Software Package W315A 325A Linux User s Manual I ntroduction Overview The W315A 325A wireless embedded computers come with a quad band 850 900 1800 1900 MHz GSM GPRS module built in for long range communications The computers use a Moxa ART 192 Mhz RISC CPU Unlike the X86 CPU which uses a CISC design the RISC architecture and modern semiconductor technology provide these embedded computers with a powerful computing engine and communication functions but without generating a lot of heat A 16 MB NOR Flash ROM and on board 32 MB SDRAM give you enough memory to install your application software directly on the embedded computer In addition a LAN port is built right into the RISC CPU This network capability in combination with the ability to control serial devices makes the W300 Series ideal as communication platforms for data acquisition and industrial control applications The pre installed Linux operating system OS provides an open software operating system for your software program development Soft
29. 3 Edit the file etc ppp chap secrets and add the following text username hinet net password Secrets for authentication using CHAP dlient server secret IP addresses username hinet net x password chap secrets line 1 of 3 33 username QGhinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 4 Edit the file etc ppp pap secrets and add the following text username lhinet net password password if you don t use the login option of pppd The mgetty Debian package already provides this option make sure you don t change that INBOUND connections Every regular user can use PPP and has to use passwords from etc passwd nos tidie ad username amp hinet net password UserIDs that cannot use PPP at all Check your etc passwd and add any other accounts that should not be able to use pppd guest hostname E x master hostname Mae root hostname Wer support hostname x stats hostname ae S OUTBOUND connections Here you should add your userid password to connect to your providers via PAP The means that the password is to be used for ANY host you connect to Thus you do not have to worry about the foreign machine name Just replace password with your password pap secrets line 1 of 42 2 username QGhinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP a
30. 8 0M 5 8M 2 2M 73 RTS dev ram3 1003 0K 9 0K 943 0K l dev jJ dev ramO 499 0K 24 0K 450 0K St var dev mtdblock3 6 0M 500 0K 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 6 0M 500 0K 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 6 0M 500 0K 5 5M 84 etc p fs l4 7M 0 14 7M 0 dev shm root Moxa StateOPEN F m ER reak Signa If there isn t enough Available space for your application you will need to delete some existing files To do this connect your PC to the W315A 325A with the console cable and then use the console utility to delete the files from the W315A 325A s flash memory To check the amount of free space available look at the directories in the read write directory dev mtdblock3 Note that the directories home and etc are both mounted in the directory dev mtdblock3 NOTE If the flash memory is full you will need to free up some memory space before saving files to the Flash ROM Compiling Hello c The package CD contains several example programs Here we use Hello c as an example to show you how to compile and run your applications Type the following commands from your PC to copy the files used for this example from the CD to your computer s hard drive cd tmp mkdir example cp r mnt cdrom examples W321 341 315 325 345 IA240 241 UC 7112PLUS W315A W325A tmp example To compile the program go to the Hello subdirectory and issue the following commands cd example hello make You should receive the
31. OP Example 6 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 24 to W315A 325A s port 137 138 139 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp s 192 168 0 24 dport 137 139 j ACCEPT Example 7 Drop all packets from MAC address 01 02 03 04 05 06 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p all m mac mac source 01 02 03 04 05 06 j DROP NOTE In Example 7 remember to issue the command modprobe ipt mac first to load module ipt mac NAT NAT Network Address Translation protocol translates IP addresses used on one network to different IP addresses used on another network One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside network Typically the W315A 325A connects several devices on a network and maps local inside network W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and un maps the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses NOTE Click on the following link for more information about iptables and NAT http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO NAT HOWTO html NAT Example The IP address of the LAN is changed to 192 168 3 127 you will need to load the module ipt MASQUERADE GPRS Network GPRS 211 120 21 171 LAN 192 168 3 127 24 IP Network 192 168 3 100 24 Gateway 192 168 3 127 echo 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip forward modprobe ip tables modprobe iptable filter modprobe ip conntrack modprobe ipt
32. S bash 2300 R ps bin portmap bin sh login bin egprsagent pppd call chtgprs usr bin httpd k etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache usr bin httpd etc apache US o ou aalan aoa aaa ana uana n 2 Z Issue the following commands to list the daemons that run at bootup ted etc rc d rc3 d 1s OO oxa e d d U pd 99 olog 99 O ead ed ero O e d d If you would like to add more daemons that run at bootup run the following command ed etc rc d init d Edit a shell script to execute root tcps2 release and save to tcps2 as an example ted etc rc d rc3 d ln s etc rc d init d tcps2 S60tcps2 SxxRUNFI LE stands for S start the run file while linux boots up xx a number between 00 99 Smaller numbers have a higher priority RUNFI LE the file name root Moxa ect rce d rc3 d ls S20snmpad S99rmnologin S99showreadyled root Moxa ect rc d rc3 df ln s root tcps2 release S60tcps2 root Moxa ect rc d rc3 df Is SS20snmpd S99rmnologin S99showreadyled S60tcps2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux root Moxa etc rce d rc3 d KxxRUNFILE stands for K start the run file while linux shuts down or halts xx a number between 00 99 Smaller numbers have a higher priority RUNFILE the file name To remove the daem
33. TION This product is intended to be supplied by a Listed Power Unit and output marked with LPS and rated 12 48 VDC 1 2 A minimum requirements Connecting the W315A 325A to a PC There are two ways to connect the W315A 325A to a PC through the serial console port or by SSH Console over the network Serial Console The serial console gives users a convenient way of connecting to the W315A 325A This method is particularly useful when using the computer for the first time or when you do not know either of the W315A 325A s two IP addresses Use the serial console port settings shown below Baudrate 115200 bps Parity None Data bits 8 Stop bit I Flow Control None Terminal VT100 Once the connection is established the following window will open zm Ox00000000 0x00040000 BootLoader 0x00040000 0x00Z00000 Kernel OTR Joxoo2oo0000 0xO0aO00000 RootDisk Ox00s00000 0x01000000 UserDisk oxa CPU SD MMC Device Driver Vl l initialize Modules load OK Registered protocol family Z routing cache hash table of 512 buckets 4Kbytes TCP Hash tables configured established 2048 bind 4096 Registered protocol family 1l Registered protocol family 17 FS Mounted root jffsZ filesystem readonly Freeing init memory 64K INIT version 2 78 booting ount mounting tmp home on home failed No such file or directory Recovering home partition ount mounting tmp et
34. W315A 325A Linux User s Manual First Edition August 2010 WWW moxa com pr t MOXA 2010 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited W315A 325A Linux User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice Copyright 2010 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors
35. When the SIM card status is PUK 3 this function changes the status to PIN 2 If this fails the SIM card will be locked Input lt fd gt the cellular modem lt passwd gt pointer to the PUK passwd code lt new_pin_code gt pointer to a new PIN code Return Value 0 if successful other numbers indicate that the function failed int cellular_modem_sim_get_pin_enable_ status unsigned int fd Description Gets the PIN code enable status of the SIM card Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Return Value 0 PIN code disabled 1 PIN code enabled other numbers indicates that the function has failed int cellular modem sim assign pin code unsigned int fd char old pin code char new pin code Description When the SIM card status is ready 0 and the PIN code is enabled this function assigns a PIN code to the SIM card Input lt fd gt the cellular modem lt old_pin_code gt pointer to the old PIN code lt new_pin_code gt pointer to the new PIN code Return Value 0 if successful other numbers indicate that the function failed int cellular modem sim enable pin code unsigned int fd char pin_ code int enable Description When the SIM card status is ready 0 this function enables or disables PIN code authentication Input fd the cellular modem pin code pointer to the PIN code password enable 1 enable PIN code 0 disable PIN code Re
36. able nat modprobe ipt MASQUERADE iptables t nat A POSTROUTING o eth0 j SNAT to source 192 168 3 127 iptables t nat A POSTROUTING o eth0 s 192 168 3 0 24 j MASQUERADE ER l OUT A Wr oen Enabling NAT at Bootup In most real world situations you will want to use a simple shell script to enable NAT when the W315A 325A boots up The following script is an example bin bash If you put this shell script in the home nat sh Remember to chmod 744 home nat sh Edit the rc local file to make this shell startup automatically vi etc rc d rc local Add a line in the end of rc local home nat sh EXIF eth0 This is an external interface for setting up a valid IP address EXNET 192 168 4 0 24 This is an internal network address E dk db Gb Step 1 Insert modules Here 2 dev null means the standard error messages will be dump to null device modprobe ip tables 2 gt dev null modprobe ip conntrack 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack irc 2 dev null modprobe iptable nat 2 dev null modprobe ip nat ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip nat irc 2 dev null 4 11 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Step 2 Define variables enable routing and erase default rules PATH bin sbin usr bin usr sbin usr local bin usr local sbin export PATH echo 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip_forward bin iptables F bin iptables X bin iptab
37. ac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac he sdlinux apac php tgz remote Managing Communications 331 Please specify the password 230 Login successful Remot ts UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files 250 Directory successfully changed 200 Switching to Binary mode php tgz Consider using PASV 1789032 bytes 2 6e 03 Kbytes sec Untar the package To do this type the command tar xvzf php tgz PULTY root Moxa mnt ramdisk tar xvzf php tgz he sdlinux apachectl he sdlinux libpngl2 so 0 he sdlinux libmysqlclient so 16 he sdlinux libgd so 2 he 2 he 2 logs he 2 logs error_log he 2 logs ssl_request_log he 2 logs access_log he 2 php he 2 php php ini E f magic f extra F extra he 2 con he 2 con he 2 con he 2 con httpd userdir conf he 2 conf extra httpd multilang errordoc conf f extra f extra f extra f extra F extra he 2 con httpd dav conf he 2 con httpd manual conf he 2 con httpd autoindex conf he 2 con httpd vhosts conf he 2 con httpd ssl conf he 2 conf extra httpd info conf f extra httpd default conf f extra f extra f httpd conf f httpd conf bak f mime types he 2 con he 2 con httpd mpm conf he 2 con httpd languages conf he 1 con he 1 con he 1 con he 1 conf original he 1 conf original extra he 1 conf original extra httpd userdir conf he 1 conf original extra httpd multilang errordoc conf he 1 conf original extra htt
38. al port 115200 The baudrate debug Log status in syslog crtscts Use hardware flow control between computer and modem at 115200 this is a must modem Indicates that this is a modem device pppd will hang up the phone before and after making the call defaultroute Once the PPP link is established make it the default route if you have a PPP link to the I nternet this is probably what you want 192 1 1 17 This is a degenerate case of a general option of the form x x x x y y y y Here x x x x is the local IP address and y y y y is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP connection If this option is not specified or if just one side is specified then x x x x defaults to the IP address associated with the local machine s hostname located in etc hosts and y y y y is determined by the remote machine Example 2 Connecting to a PPP server over a hard wired link If a username and password are not required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts If a username and password is required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional and root is both the username and password pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts How to Check the Connection Once you ve set up a PPP connection there are some steps you can take to test the connection First type i
39. ate error Divisor 921600 Target Baud Rate Only Integer part ENUM 8 921600 Targer Divisor Round up or down Inaccuracy Target Baud Rate 921600 Divisor ENUM 8 100 E g to calculate 500000 bps Divisor 1 ENUM 7 Error 1 7 The error should be less than 2 for reliable data transmission Special Note 1 If the target baudrate is not a special baudrate e g 50 75 110 134 150 200 300 600 1200 1800 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 230400 460800 921600 the termios cflag will be set to the same flag 2 If you use stty to get the serial information you will get speed equal to 0 C Library GPRS SIM SMS The definition header file includes the entire API library located at usr local arm linux include libsms unsigned int cellular_modem_open void Description Opens a cellular modem handle for later use Arguments None Return Value Pointer to a cellular modem handle Returns 0 on failure Remarks Every cellular modem API needs the cellular modem handle parameter so you must use this function first in your APIs W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide void cellular_modem_close unsigned int fd Description Closes a cellular modem handle Input lt fd gt the handle Return Value None Remarks You must release the cellular modem handle resource if you do not need to use cellular m
40. bled PIN checking issue the command sim_input_pin p xxxx s to save the PIN code information in the system Issue the command gprs_ disconnect r to disable the reconnection setting Disconnecting from the I nternet To disconnect from the Internet use the gprs_ disconnect command After a few seconds the embedded computer will disconnect from the GPRS network A notification message will NOT be displayed Bi Tera Term COM3 YT File Edit Setup Control Window Help root Moxa 1t root Moxa i zprs disconnect root B8Moxa 1t root Moxa i ifconfig ppp lifconfig ppp error fetching interface information Device not found IrootBMoxa 1t Detecting an Internet Connection Error To diagnose a connection problem usethe gprs diagnose command This utility will execute a series of steps to check whether or not the configuration is correct Most connection problems can be indentified with this command Ir root Moxa gprs diagnose h sage bin gprs diagnose org fers root Moxa gprs_diagnose MODULE UART PIN CODE SIM Card is ready SIGNAL STRENGTH Signal strength 26 Normal TEMPERATURE emperature 32 NETWORK REGISTRATION Registered to home network root Moxa trouble shooting for the GPRS and SIM card StateOPEN F 55 07 E Sending and Reading an SMS Message To send an SMS message use the sms send text msg command For example enter sms s
41. c on etc failed No such file or directory Recovering etc partition ount mounting dev mmcl on mnt sd failed No such device or address isable TCP IP Explicit Congestion Notification done Configuring network interfaces done Starting internet superserver inetd Starting web server apache Starting portmap daemon INIT Entering runlevel 3 ae root Moxa m State OPEN 89 S I Ready Z 2 2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started SSH Console The W315A 325A supports an SSH Console to provide users with better security options Use this option only if you know exactly which I P address has been assigned from your DHCP server otherwise you should connect through the serial console and change it to a static IP address before using it Windows Users Click on the link http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html to download PuTTY free software to set up an SSH console for the W315A 325A in a Windows environment The following figure shows a simple example of the configuration that is required AS PuTTY Configuration Category lt Session Basic options for your PuTTY session oggng Specify your connection by host name or IP address lt Terminal Host Name or IP address Port Keyboard Bel 18216827122 2 Features Protocol lt Window Ohaw Olene Ohlogn SSH I o Load save or delete a stored session Behaviour ranslatio
42. ccount password is the corresponding password for the account 5 Edit the file etc ppp options and add the following line plugin pppoe W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications terminated because it was idle tholdoff lt n gt Wait for up n milliseconds after the connect script finishes for a valid PPP packet from the peer At the end of this time or when a valid PPP packet is received from the peer pppd will commence negotiation by sending its first LCP packet The default value is 1000 1 second This wait period only applies if the connect or pty option is used lt End of File gt options line 1 of 342 6 Edit the file etc ppp options etho 10 nane username hinet net T mru 1492 defaultroute noipdefault options ixp line 1 of 5 20 Type your username the one you set in the etc ppp pap secrets and etc ppp chap secrets files after the name option You may add other options as desired Set up DNS If you are using DNS servers supplied by your ISP edit the file etc resolv conf by adding the following lines of code nameserver ip addr of first dns server nameserver ip addr of second dns server For example nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 139 175 10 20 Use the following command to create a pppoe connection pppd ethO The ethO is what is connected to the ADSL modem LAN port Type ifconfig pppO to check if the connectio
43. ckets and denies incoming packets Append or Delete Rules Usage iptables t table AI INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD io interface p tcp udp icmp all s IP network sport ports d IP network dport ports j ACCEPT DROP A Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain Insert one or more rules in the selected chain as the given rule number i Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be received o Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be sent p The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check s Source address network name host name network IP address or plain IP address sport Source port number d Destination address dport Destination port number j Jump target Specifies the target of the rules i e how to handle matched packets For example ACCEPT the packet DROP the packet or LOG the packet Examples Example 1 Accept all packets from lo interface iptables A INPUT i lo j ACCEPT Example 2 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 1 iptables A INPUT i ethO0 p tcp s 192 168 0 1 j ACCEPT Example 3 Accept TCP packets from Class C network 192 168 1 0 24 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 1 0 24 j ACCEPT Example 4 Drop TCP packets from 192 168 1 25 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp s 192 168 1 25 j DROP Example 5 Drop TCP packets addressed for port 21 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp dport 21 j DR
44. complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Upgrade the firmware is OK ATTENTION The upgradehfm utility will reboot your target after the upgrade is OK Loading Factory Defaults To load the factory default settings you must press the button for more than 5 seconds All files in the home and etc directories will be destroyed Note that while pressing the reset button the Ready LED will blink once every second for the first 5 seconds The Ready LED will turn off after 5 seconds and the factory defaults will be loaded Enabling and Disabling Daemons Daemons are programs that run in the background to provide services such as web access FTP and email The following daemons are enabled when the W315A 325A boots up inetd Internet Daemons ftpd FTP Server Client daemon sshd Secure Shell Server daemon httpd Apache WWW Server daemon Type the command ps to list all processes currently running root Moxa cd etc root Moxa etc ps PID User VSZ STAT COMMAND d foot 1248 S Laie p 2 root 0 SWN ksoftirqd 0 3 Toot 0 SW events 0 4 root 0 SW khelper 3 4 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux kblockd 0 pdflush pdflush aio 0 kswapd0 kmmcd PSG L eE IT TIS dhcpcd eth U bin inetd S CS O GO OQ O OG O G 1284 1220 ZD 96 2292 1844 14616 14684 14684 14640 14640 14640 14640 14640 14640 usr bin httpd etc apache 1304 S bin telnetd 2084
45. display help message sim enable pin e p pin code enable the PIN code authentication sim enable pin d p pin code disable the PIN code authentication rootBMoxa ll sim get pin status ISIM Card is ready To disable PIN code authentication use the sim enable pin d p command Changing the PI N Code Usethe sim change pin o old PI N code n new PIN code command to change the PIN code For example enter sim input pin o 0000 n 1111 to replace an old PIN code 0000 with a new one 1111 Note that you must enable PIN code authentication to change the PIN code Tera Term COM3 FI File Edit Setup Control Window Help rootBMoxa 1t root Boa 1t rootBMoxa l sim input pin p 0000 password authentication success rootBMoxa l sim change pin o 0000 n 1111 new pin code assign success rootBMoxa t rootBMoxa l egprscmd o root BMoxa 1t rootBHoxa li sim zet pin status Need PIN code authentication root BMoxa rootBMoxa l sim input pin p 1111 password authentication success rootBMoxa H rootBMoxa l sim get pir status root BHoxa 1t Unlocking the SI M Card When your SIM has been locked you will need to enter the PUK code to unlock your SIM card Use the sim unlock p PUK code n new PIN code command to unlock your card Note that when you enter the PUK code you also need to provide a new PIN code For example type sim unlock p 80364944 n 0000 2 6 W315A 325A Linux U
46. e installed when the embedded computer is powered off The LED indicators on the front panel can be used to check the signal strength A process running in the background called egprsagent is responsible for this task Configuring the SIM Card NOTE Make sure you have the correct PIN code After three failed attempts to enter the PIN code the SIM card will be locked and you will need to use the PUK code to unlock the SIM card After ten failed attempts to enter the PUK code the SIM card will be deactivated and will no longer be operable 2 4 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Entering the PIN Code Use the sim input pin p PIN code command to enter the PIN code For example type sim input pin p 0000 to enter the PIN code 0000 IH Tera Term COM YT File Edit Setup Control Window Help rootAMoxa sim input pin Usage bin sim input pin h P Pin code s PIN code authentication e g bin sim input pin display this message bin sim_input_pin h display help message T bin sim input pin p 1234 input PIN code 1234 for SIM card authentic ation bin sim input pin p 1234 s input PIN code and save it for automatic a uthentication at system start up root BMoxa tt rootBMoxa l sim input pin p 0000 password authentication success IrootBMoxa t E To save the PIN code and perform automatic authentication for a GPRS connection add s after the PIN code To disable au
47. em temperature is greater than 88 degrees or less than 35 degrees the function will return GPRS ERROR TEMPERATURE int cellular modem sms set storage base unsigned int fd int mode Description Sets the storage base of SIM messages Input fd the cellular modem mode 0 on SIM card 1 on modem module 2 on both Return Value 0 if successful other numbers indicate that the function failed int cellular modem sms get storage base unsigned int fd Description Gets the storage base of SIM messages Input fd the cellular modem Return Value 0 on SIM card 1 on modem module 2 on both otherwise the function fails int cellular modem sms get message count unsigned int fd int maximum Description Gets the number of stored messages allowed out of the maximum space Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Output lt maximum gt pointer to the maximum number of messages allowed Return Value The number of stored messages otherwise a negative value indicates a failure int cellular modem sms send message unsigned int fd unsigned int msg mode SMSMSG psms Description Sends an SMS message to a specific phone number Input lt fd gt the cellular modem lt msg_mode gt 0 message in text 1 message in PDU lt psms gt pointer to the message Return Value 0 on success otherwise the function has failed
48. end text msg n 0988713219 t hello This is an SMS test to send the message hello This is an SMS test to the phone number 0988693141 2 9 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started To read an SMS message use the sms read text msg i command For example sms read text msg i 1 will display the first SMS message IJ Tera Term COM3 YT File Edit Setup Control Window Help root Moxa tt rootBhHoxa ll sms_send_text_msz lUsage bin sms send text msg h n Phone Number t Text Messaze Send a text message to a specific number bin sms send text msg n 8860911345678 t Hello how are you Send M essage rootBhHoxa h sms send text msg n 0988713219 t Hello This is an SMS test rootBhoxa sms read text ness Usage bin sms read text msg h i index Read a message from the SIM or Memory storage e g bin sms read text msg h display this message bin sms read text msg i 1 Read the Message of Index rootBhoxa tt sms read text msg i 1 text Hello This is an SMS test date 09 11 18 Deleting an SMS Message To delete an SMS message use the sms remove msg command For example the sms remove msg i 1 command will delete the first SMS message IJ Tera Term COM YT File Edit Setup Control Window Help root BMoxa T root amp Moxa tt rootBMoxa d sms read text msg i 1 Read sms success Iphone 4886388713213 Itext Hello This is an SMS
49. er s Manual Managing Communications NOTE The CGI function is enabled by default If you want to disable the function modify the file etc apache conf httpd conf When you develop your own CGI application make sure your CGI file is executable root Moxa home httpd cgi bin ls al drwxr xr x 2 root SE 0 Aug 24 1 999 drwxr xr x Sy coo FOOU OW Now 5 GEG k6 HEN deo XE X S root 757 Aug 24 1999 test cgi root Moxa home httpd cgi bin Installing PHP for Apache Web Server The W315A 325A embedded computer supports the PHP option However since the PHP file is 3 MB it is not installed by default To install it yourself first make sure there is enough free space at least 3 MB on your embedded flash ROM Step 1 Check that you have enough free space The following figure illustrates how to check that the devi mtdblock3 has more than 3 MB of free space root Moxa bin df h Filesystem Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock2 6 0M 2 0M 75 dev ram0 Ok 457 0k 4 var dev mtdblock3 488 0k 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 488 0k 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 488 0k 5 5M 8 etc tmpfs 0 30 4M 0 dev shm root Moxa bin Step 2 Type upramdisk to get the free space ram disk to save the package root Moxa bin upramdisk root Moxa bin df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock2 8 0M 6 0M 220M 753 7 dev ram0 499 0k 18 0k 456 0k 4 var dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 0k
50. etting the Time Manually The W315A 325A has two time settings One is the system time and the other is the RTC Real Time Clock time kept by the W315A 3254A s hardware Use the date command to query the current system time or set a new system time Use hwclock to query the current RTC time or set a new RTC time Use the following command to query the system time date Use the following command to query the RTC time hwclock Use the following command to set the system time date MMDDhhmmYYYY MM Month DD Date hhmm hour and minute YYYY Year Use the following command to set the RTC time hwclock w The following figure illustrates how to update the system time and set the RTC time oot Mo t date U 000 ero oxa O U 000 U 48 second oot Moxa date 0910002004 De 9 Orco 004 oot Mo i O oot Mo t date e De 9 Ue U 004 De E Oe 08 004 0 9 4 econd oot Moxa W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux NTP Client NOTE The W315A 325A has a built in NTP Network Time Protocol client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote NTP server Use ntpdate lt this client utility gt to update the system time ntpdate time stdtime gov tw hwclock w Visit http www ntp org for more information about NTP and NTP server addresses LO E ea Su GU PULTY root Moxa date hwclock Sat Jan 000036 CSR 2000 Sat Jam d 00 00 37 2000 O 772941 seconds root Moxa ntpdate ti
51. fconfig You should be able to see all the network interfaces that are UP pppO should be one of them and you should recognize the first IP address as your own and the P t P address or point to point address the address of your server Here s what it looks like on one machine W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Bcast 127 255 255 255 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 2000 Metric 1 RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 pppO Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 192 76 32 3 P t P 129 67 1 165 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 Now type ping z z z z where z z z z is the address of your name server The response could look like ping 129 67 1 165 PING 129 67 1 165 129 67 1 165 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 0 ttl 225 time 268 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 1 ttl 225 time 247 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 2 ttl 225 time 266 ms C 129 67 1 165 ping statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 096 packet loss round trip min avg max 247 260 268 ms Waddington Try typing netstat nr This should show three routes such as the following Kernel
52. following response root localhost hello make usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc o hello release hello c usr local arm linux bin arm linux strip s hello release usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc ggdb o hello debug hello c root localhost hello Next execute hello exe to generate hello release and hello debug which are described below hello release an ARM platform execution file created specifically to run on the W315A 325A hello debug an ARM platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details about the GDB debug tool 2 12 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started NOTE Since Moxa s tool chain places a specially designed Makefile in the directory tmp example hello be sure to type the make command from within that directory This special Makefile uses the arm linux gcc compiler to compile the hello c source code for the RISC based environment If you type the make command from within any other directory Linux will use the x86 compiler for example cc or gcc Refer to Chapter 5 to see a Makefile example Uploading and Running the Hello Program Use the following commands to upload hello release to the W315A 325A via FTP 1 From the PC type ftp 192 168 3 127 2 Use the bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary mode and then use the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp bin ftp put hello release 3 From the W315A 325A type
53. g their own connection command Users who need to customize their own connection for specific needs can edit the following files to meet their own connection standard Configuring the options for pppd The option settings for pppd is located at etc ppp peers chtgprs You can enable or disable an option by removing or deleting the File etc ppp peers chtgprs Li dev ttyS1 modem port used 115200 speed defaultroute use the cellular network for the default route noipdefault usepeerdns use the DNS servers from the remote network nodetach keep pppd in the foreground nocrtscts hardware flow control lock lock the serial port noauth don t expect the modem to authenticate itself local don t use Carrier Detect or Data Terminal Ready persist demand modem debug Use the next two lines if you receive the dreaded messages No response to n echo requests Serial link appears to be disconnected Connection terminated lcp echo failure 4 lcp echo interval 65535 connect bin chat v f etc chatscripts chtgprs connect W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Configuring the AT commands The AT command set for connecting a GPRS module is located at etc chatscripts chtgprs connect You can add your own AT commands in the following the format File etc chatscripts chtgprs connect TIMEOUT 10 ABORT BUSY ABORT NO ANSWER ABORT ERROR SAY
54. gt b U U pe e O D D D ere e O D elease remote le elease e g Pa e ode 9 68 8 0 Ope g B AR ode data O e O O D elease 6 a e omplete 4996 b e e 0 000 econd 9e 04 D e e e g Pa e ode 9 08 06 96 0 Ope g A ode data O e O O S OO OO 899 0 08 ba O OO OO 4996 0 G elease 6 a e omplete From the W315A 325A type chmod x tcps2 release tcps2 release amp oot Moxa H a d OO OO U U 4 d OO OO U a 970 ore OO 899 0 08 ba O OO OO 4996 0 le elease OO oxa od 9 elease OO oxa a d OO OO U U 4 d OO OO U a 970 2 15 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started 899 Jun 0 PE T i bashuhavstorny rWXI XEI X 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release rootG8Moxa i 4 The program should start running in the background Use the ps ef command to check if the tcps2 program is actually running in the background dps use this command to check if the program is running 1 Running tcps2 release amp root Moxa ps ef PTD Var VmSize Stat Command root 532 5 sakae Gl root SWN ksoftirqd 0 root SW lt events 0 root SW khelper root SW kblockd 0 root SW khubd root SW pdflush root SW pdflush root SW aio 0 Foot SW kswapd0 roo SW mtdolockd zEootE SW pccardd root SW pccardd root SWN jffs2 gcd mtd3 root bin inetd root usr bin httpd k start d etc apache bin bin portmap root pin sh login root bin snmpd nobody usr bin httpd start d etc apache nobody usr bin ht
55. he example program has some limitations that make it unsuitable for real life applications The serial port is in canonical mode and block mode making it impossible to send data from the Ethernet side to the serial side i e from PC 2 to PC 1 in the above example The Ethernet side will not accept multiple connections 2 17 3 Managing Embedded Linux This chapter includes information about version control deployment updates and peripherals The information in this chapter will be particularly useful when you need to run the same application on several W315A 325A units The following topics are covered in this chapter O System Version Information D System Image Backup Upgrading the Firmware Loading Factory Defaults D Enabling and Disabling Daemons Q Starting a Program Automatically at Run Level O Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually NTP Client Updating the Time Automatically O Cron Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux System Version Information To determine the hardware capability of your W315A 325A and what kind of software functions are supported check the version numbers of your W315A 325A s hardware kernel and user file system Contact Moxa to determine the hardware version You will need the Production S N Serial number which is located on the W315A 325A s bottom label To check the kernel ve
56. he target directory mount t iso9660 dev cdrom mnt cdrom cp mnt cdrom examples W321 341 315 325 345 IA240 241 UC 7112PLUS W315A W325A TCPServer2 tcpsp c home w3x5 1st_application tcps2 c cp mnt cdrom home w3x5 1lst application tcpsp c cp mnt cdrom examples W321 341 315 325 345 IA240 241 UC 7112PLUS W315A W325A TCPServer2 Makefile home w3x5 lst application Makefile Type make to compile the example code You will get the following response indicating that the example program compiled successfully root serverll lst_application pwd home w3x5 1st_application root serverll lst_application 11 total 20 rw r r 1 root root 514 Nov 27 11 52 Makefile EEW r r 1 root root 4554 Now 27 TI 52 G Zac EW e e UN DOO root OLGA Nov il sbstceps2 ee root serverll 1st_application make usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc o teps release tcps2 c usr local arm linux bin arm linux strip s tcps2 release usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc o tcpsp release tcpsp c usr local arm linux bin arm linux strip s tcpsp release usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc ggdb o tcps2 debug tcps2 c usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc ggdb o tcpsp debug tcpsp c root serverll 1st application 11 total 92 WO E HOO root 514 Nov 27 11 52 Makefile root root 25843 Nov 27 12 03 tcps2 debug root root 4996 Nov 27 12 03 tcps2 release il CIWOCE XE X al 1 rw r r i root root 4554 Nov 27 Wq1 52 tGDs2 c a
57. ial form for SNAT If one host can connect to Internet then other computers that connect to this host can connect to the Internet when the computer does not have an actual IP address REDI RECT a special form of DNAT that re sends packets to a local host independent of the destination IP address Mangle Table includes two chains PREROUTI NG chain pre processes packets before the routing process OUTPUT chain processes packets after the routing process It has three extensions TTL MARK TOS The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Incoming Packets Mangle Table PREROUTING Chain NAT Table PREROUTING Chain Local Host Packets Mangle Table INPUT Chain Other Host Packets Mangle Table FORWARD Chain Filter Table INPUT Chain Local Process Mangle Table OUTPUT Chain Filter Table FORWARD Chain Mangle Table POSTROUTING Chain NAT Table OUTPUT Chain Filter Table OUTPUT Chain NAT Table POST ROUTING Chain Outgoing Packets The W315A 325A supports the following sub modules Be sure to use the module that matches your application ip conntrack ipt MARK ipt ah ipt state ip conntrack ftp ipt MASQUERADE ipt esp ipt tcpmss ipt conntrack irc ipt MIRROT ipt length ipt tos ip nat ftp ipt REDI RECT ipt limit ipt ttl ip nat irc ipt REJECT ipt mac ipt unclean ip na
58. ing the Tool Chain EInux s iioii bue bee er il er i e RE SER er Rer kr er IT dr oper ere go s TE 2 11 Checking the Flash Memory Space sssssssssssse e mmmememememememememememememememe sese 2 11 Comipiling blello C 2 2 x mrERRRRERRSERNRIADNCANTE STI I DIR DILRDI DR aia DR PRDN ERO Pe PPHPPRM RP RFT RTEO RRi 2 12 Uploading and Running the Hello Program 5552592299222592 92954 HH Hmememememeseseme e nne 2 13 Developing Your First Application nisaidieni ma e edhe lalallala OMM ies le a eer ema aed 2 13 Testing EnvIFODmeritzsc noted tide td toe tutti dti tiit t ttes 2 13 Compiling EE ERE Iu A A H 2 14 Uploading and Running the tcps2 release Program sss eee ee e e e e e ee eee 2 15 Summary of the Testing Procedure ssssssssssssss memes emememe memes memes sene 2 17 3 Managing Embedded LInUSX sssssssesssssssssessessessesssse essere enen sa dudas ausu ennenen ennenen ennenen enen 3 1 System Version T ye suisse 3 2 System Image Backups 3 2 rdiet e Died T 3 2 Upgrading the Firmware une RENTE A E ET RA A Y RO T EO OE e DE ED ER teed 3 2 Eoading Factory Defaults 5 e ur nnen nann nnana per 342i lcrerersrer re REP PPAR OPMPPRPPPDPDIIITS 3 4 Enabling and Disabling Daeng 5925 aaa naaa 492 99 E E a a nsns e ases nnne 3 4 Starting a Program Automatically at Run Level ssssssssss e mmemememememememememe memes sese 3 6 AG Using the System TIG cos dicet erre rere rm tese ete E Imre i Edi E en RO CERRO OO aas 3 7 Se
59. it encounters crashes or improper power downs and does not require fsck file system check on boot up JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS It provides improved wear leveling and garbage collection performance improved RAM footprint and response to system memory pressure improved concurrency and support for suspending flash erases marking of bad sectors with continued use of the remaining good sectors enhancing the write life of the devices native data compression inside the file system design and support for hard links The key features of JFFS2 are Targets the Flash ROM Directly e Robustness e Consistency across power failures No integrity scan fsck is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown Explicit wear leveling Transparent compression Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system it may not prevent the loss of data The file system will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable However if the board is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next boot but writes that have already been completed will not be affected Additional information about J FFS2 is available at http sources redhat com jffs2 jffs2 pdf http developer axis com software jffs http www linux mtd infradead org 1 3 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual I ntroduction Software Package Boot Loader Moxa private V1 2
60. ize Used Available Use Mounted on dev root 8 0M 6 3M 1 7M 78 dev ram3 1003 0K 9 0K 943 0K 1 dev dev ram0 499 0K 18 0K 456 0K 4 var dev mtdblock3 6 0M 504 0K 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 6 0M 504 0K 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 6 0M 504 0K 5 5M 8 etc tmpfs 14 7M 0 14 7M 0 dev shm root Moxa upramdisk root Moxa df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock2 8 0M 6 0M 2 0M SI 3 2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux dev ram0 499 0k kE 458 0k 3 var dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 6 0M 488 5 5M 8 etc tmpfs 30 4M 30 4M 0 dev shm dev raml 16 0M IOS IPSAM 0 var ramdisk root Moxa cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk The following instructions give the steps required to save the firmware file to the W315A 325A s RAM disk and how to upgrade the firmware 1 2 Type the following commands to enable the RAM disk upramdisk cd mnt ramdisk Type the following commands to use the W315A 325A s built in FTP client to transfer the firmware file w3x5a x x hfm or w3x5a x x x hfm from the PC to the W315A 325A mnt ramdisk ftp destination PC s IP Login Name xxxx Login Password xxxx ftp bin ftp get w3x5a x x hfm root Moxa mnt ramdisk ftp 192 168 3 193 Connected to 192 168 3193 701920368 3 193 220 TYPSOft FTE Server 1 10 ready Name K927 eT 9
61. l 1 al rwXr xr x r WXI Xr X root root 26823 Nov 27 12 03 tcpsp debug E Xr root root 5396 Nov 27 12 03 tcpsp release IW SD ea root root iol e Nov 27 stie ETT root serverll 1st application 4s Two executable files tcps2 release and tcps2 debug are created tcps2 release an ARM platform execution file created specifically to run on the W315A 325A tcps2 debug an ARM platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details about the GDB debug tool If you get an error message at this point it could be because you neglected to put tcps2 c and tcpsp c in the same directory The example Makefile we provide is set up to compile both tcps2 and tcpsp into the same project Makefile Alternatively you could modify the Makefile to suit your particular requirements 2 14 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Uploading and Running the tcps2 release Program Use the following commands to use FTP to upload tcps2 release to the W315A 325A 1 3 From the PC type ftp 192 168 3 127 Next use the bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary and the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp bin ftp cd home ftp put tcps2 release ero e e app a O D 9 68 O e ed O 9 68 0 O P e e O 6 o o 4 04 00 ead 0 Ple e og R d PA U Ple e og R d PA RBERO 4 ejected a a a e a O pe ame 9 68 OO OO Pa Orad eq ed O ere Pa Cc 0 e ore ogged Remote A De GT ode to E e e p
62. l Console Modifying Network Settings over the Network GPRS Networks Setting Up the Wireless Module Configuring the SIM Card Entering the PIN Code Verifying the SI M Card Status Enabling or Disabling PIN Code Authentication Changing the PIN Code Unlocking the SIM Card Configuring Your APN List Connecting to the I nternet Reconnecting to the I nternet Disconnecting from the Internet Detecting an Internet Connection Error Sending and Reading an SMS Message Deleting an SMS Message SD Socket for Storage Expansion Test Program Developing Hello c Installing the Tool Chain Linux Checking the Flash Memory Space Compiling Hello c Uploading and Running the Hello Program Developing Your First Application Testing Environment Compiling tcps2 c Uploading and Running the tcps2 release Program Summary of the Testing Procedure W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Powering on the W315A 325A NOTE Connect the SG wire to the shielded contact located on the left of the W315A 325A s top panel and then power on the computer by connecting it to the power adaptor It takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the system to boot up Once the system is ready the Ready LED will light up After connecting the W315A 325A to the power supply it will take about 30 to 60 seconds for the operating system to boot up The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is ready ATTEN
63. lace password with the correct password Note that debug and defaultroute 192 1 1 17 are optional pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT ogin username word password dev ttyMO 115200 debug crtscts modem defaultroute If the PPP server does not prompt for the username and password the command should be entered as follows Replace username with the correct username and replace password with the correct password pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT user username password password dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem The pppd options are described below connect chat etc This option gives the command to contact the PPP server The chat program is used to dial a remote computer The entire command is enclosed in single quotes because pppd expects a one word argument for the connect option The options for chat are given below vV verbose mode log what we do to syslog 4 12 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications ow Double quotes don t wait for a prompt but instead do note that you must include a space after the second quotation mark ATDT5551212 Dial the modem and then CONNECT Wait for an answer Send a return null text followed by the usual return ogin username word password Log in with username and password Refer to the chat man page chat 8 for more information about the chat utility dev Specify the callout seri
64. les Z bin iptables F t nat bin iptables X t nat bin iptables Z t nat bin iptables P INPUT ACCEPT bin iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT bin iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT bin iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT bin iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT bin iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT Step 3 Enable IP masquerade Dial up Service PPP NOTE PPP Point to Point Protocol is used to run IP Internet Protocol and other network protocols over a serial link PPP can be used for direct serial connections using a null modem cable over a Telnet link and links established using a modem over a telephone line Modem PPP access is almost identical to connecting directly to a network through the W315A 325A s Ethernet port Since PPP is a peer to peer system the W315A 325A can also use PPP to link two networks or a local network to the Internet to create a Wide Area Network WAN Click on the following links for more information about ppp http tldp org HOWTO PPP HOWTO index html http axion physics ubc ca ppp linux html The pppd daemon is used to connect to a PPP server from a Linux system For detailed information about pppd see the man page Example 1 Connecting to a PPP server over a simple dial up connection The following command is used to connect to a PPP server by modem Use this command for old ppp servers that prompt for a login name replace username with the correct name and password rep
65. mand to check the connection status Reconnecting to the I nternet When an internet connection gets disconnected use the gprs reconnect t second command to reconnect For example enter gprs reconnect t 120 to direct the W315A 325A to attempt to reconnect to the Internet every 120 seconds If you do not provide the time interval the default value of 60 seconds will be used IJ Tera Term COM3 YT File Edit Setup Control Window Help a root Hoxa 71 prs reconnect E bin zprs reconnect Py t second s reconnect again while the GPRS was disconnected e g bin zprs reconnect the default time interval is 60 seconds bin zprs reconnect t 120 reconnect with 120 seconds time interval ve rifying root Moxa i gprs_reconnect t 10 egprsagent no process killed root Moxa i Plugin lib rp pppoe so loaded RP PPPoE plugin version 3 3 compiled against pppd 2 4 4 root Moxa 1t date killall pppd date root Moxa if Plugin lib rp pppoe so loaded RP PPPoE plugin version 3 3 compiled against pppd 2 4 4 root Moxa it date Sun Jan 2 01 46 14 CST 2000 rootBMoxa i date killall pppd Sun Jan 2 01 46 44 CST 2000 rootBMoxa i Plugin lib rp pppoe so loaded RP PPPoE plugin version 3 3 compiled against pppd 2 4 4 root amp Moxa f date Sun Jan 2 01 47 05 CST 2000 rootBMoxa 71 M 2 8 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Use the gprs reconnect h command for more details If you have ena
66. me stdtion gov tw 9 Dec 10 58 53 ntpdate 207 step time server 220 130 158 52 offset 155905087 9 84256 sec root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock Thu Dec 9 O59 his eSTr 2004 Thu Dec 9 10 59 12 2004 0 844076 seconds root Moxa Before using the NTP client utility check your IP and DNS settings to make sure that an Internet connection is available Refer to Chapter 2 for instructions on how to configure the Ethernet interface and see Chapter 4 for DNS setting information Updating the Time Automatically In this subsection we show how to use a shell script to update the time automatically Example shell script to update the system time periodically bin sh ntpdate time nist gov You can use the time server s ip address or domain name directly If you use domain name you must enable the domain client on the system by updating etc resolv conf file hwclock systohc sleep 100 Updates every 100 seconds The sleeping time is 100 seconds Change 100 to a larger number to update RTC less often Save the shell script using any file name E g fixtime How to run the shell script automatically when the kernel boots up Copy the example shell script fixtime to directory etc init d and then use chmod 755 fixtime to change the shell script mode Next use vi editor to edit the file etc inittab Add the following line to the bottom of the file ntp 2345 respawn etc init d fixtime
67. mes memes sese 2 4 GPRS NGtworks ERE nem bd dte rr RE 2 4 Setting Up the Wireless Module e eee ERE Reb etaed Pasa a ure erai og 2 4 Configuring the SUM e Ty e Re ERE E EM MR MR M E EM UC Ee xU xr Ux dur VERSER EA 2 4 Entering the PIN COd 6 tic ose itus itr teretes dete dieci iioii dos x E E E 2 5 Verifying the SIMi ard Status uer er EE MEN Obes e E OQ E daa Eet 2 5 Enabling or Disabling PIN Code Authentication 0 cece eee ee ee e mmemememememememese sese ene 2 5 Changing the PIN COde ie ERROREM MR NN MM MR E HEU Ux gue ver eg ERE ERE ds 2 6 Unlocking the SIM Card s ie sro et a E TEM H 2 6 Configuring YoUr APN 3 cooesserer e tuse tte s esi ev e Vea pa viva ao ev Pu YS VERA Sa A T SOS ME EE NOR MEI TAA Mida 2 7 Connecting tothe bula 2 eee eee etre eee reete tette trubtoet tust tuat ned ioco a cr dori a 2 8 Reconnecting to the Internet 0 seen sese eene ne nenne ee ememememe e e eme meme meses eene 2 8 Disconnecting from the Internet sss eee eee ee ee ee ee eee eee 2 9 Detecting an Internet Connection Error sss sse eee eee ee e e e ee ee ee eee eee 2 9 Sending and Reading an SMS MeSSAGEC cece eee eee 2 9 Deletinig an SMS Message icsse a HR DERE EE HR E ERE re ee 2 10 SD Socket for Storage EXpanS OnN sssssssssssrssrssrntrntrtt ittir e meme emm ee emememememememe eee e eene 2 10 Test Program Developing Hell0 C s rss nrs a AXR aAA EEEE hehehe ie esiste stesse is es nennen enn 2 11 install
68. mode Argument 3 mode will pass to the UART device driver and change it 2 Function MOXA GET OP MODE int ioctl fd MOXA GET OP MODE amp mode Description Get the interface mode Argument 3 mode will return the interface mode There are two Moxa private ioctl commands for setting up special baudrates Function MOXA SET SPECIAL BAUD RATE Function MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE If you use this ioctl to set a special baudrate the termios cflag will be B4000000 in which case the B4000000 definition will be different If the baudrate you get from termios or from calling tcgetattr is B4000000 you must call ioctl with MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE to get the actual baudrate Example for setting the baudrate include moxadevice h W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide include termios h struct termios term int fd speed fd open dev ttyMO O RDWR tcgetattr fd amp term term c cflag amp CBAUD CBAUDEX term c cflag B4000000 tcsetattr fd TCSANOW amp term speed 500000 ioctl fd MOXA SET SPECIAL BAUD RATE amp speed Example for getting the baudrate include moxadevice h include termios h struct termios term int fd speed fd open dev ttyMO O_RDWR tcgetattr fd amp term if term c cflag amp CBAUD CBAUDEX B4000000 follow the standard termios baud rate define else ioctl fd MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE amp speed Baudr
69. n Saved Sessions Selection Embedded Computer Colours Default Settings lt Connection 192 16827121 TZE ata 192 168 27 127 Proxy 192 168 27 128 Sae 195 226 56 181 Telnet Embedded Computer dere Rlogin SSH Kex Close window on exit EN Odlways OvNever Only on clean exit Tunnels Linux Users From a Linux machine use the ssh command to access the W315A 325A s console utility via SSH ssh 192 168 27 122 Select yes to complete the connection Froct localhost rootid ssh 192 168 27 4122 192 168 27 122 192 168 27 122 can t be established RSA key fingerprint is 8b ee tf 84 41 25 fc c0d 2a 2 92 8 cb 1 6b 2t Are you sure you want to continue connection The authenticity of host yes no yes_ NOTE SSH provides better security compared to Telnet for accessing the W315A 325A s console utility over the network Configuring the Ethernet I nterface The network settings of the W315A 325A can be modified with the serial console or online over the network Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console In this section we use the serial console to configure the network settings of the target computer 2 3 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started 1 Follow the instructions given in a previous section to access the Console Utility of the target computer through the serial console port and then type cd etc network to change directories 9 2Comm Terminal Emulato
70. n is OK or has failed If the connection is OK you will see information about the pppO setting for the IP address Use ping to test the IP If you want to disconnect it use the kill command to kill the pppd process W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications GPRS Connection GPRS is a packet switched technology which means that multiple users share the same transmission channel In addition GPRS transmits only when there is outgoing data The available bandwidth can be dedicated solely to data communication when needed In general a GPRS network can be viewed as a special IP network that offers IP connectivity to IP terminals The concepts of making GPRS connection are the same as the dial up service using PPP refer to the section Dial up Service PPP in chapter 4 for details As the pppd daemon starts it prepares the serial port settings for communication Then it runs an external program called chat which sends AT commands to GSM GPRS module to establish connection AT commands are just like the language between chat program and GSM GPRS module The chat program waits for the string CONNECT to establish connection After the connection is established pppd takes over the process to encapsulate TCP IP packets The W315A 325A embedded computers provide a ready to use sccript gprscmd for fast connections refer to Connecting to GPRS network in chapter 2 We recommend that users use the gprscmd command instead of rewritin
71. nds to HOME bash profile will make the path effective for all login sessions Compiling an Application To compile a simple C application use the cross compiler instead of the regular compiler arm linux gcc o example Wall g 02 example c arm linux strip s example arm linux gcc ggdb o example debug example c Most of the cross compiler tools are the same as their native compiler counterparts but with an additional prefix that specifies the target system For x86 environments the prefix is 1386 1inux and for ARM boards the prefix is arm lLinux For example the native C compiler is gee and the cross C compiler for ARM in the W315A 325A is arm linux gcc The following cross compiler tools are provided ar Manages archives static libraries as Assembler c g C compiler cpp C preprocessor gcc C compiler gdb Debugger Id Linker nm Lists symbols from object files obj copy Copies and translates object files obj dump Displays information about object files ranlib Generates indexes to archives static libraries readelf Displays information about ELF files size Lists object file section sizes strings Prints strings of printable characters from files usually object files strip Removes symbols and sections from object files usually debugging information W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Development Tool Chains On Line Debugging with GDB The
72. nfigure the W315A 325A s various communications functions The following topics are covered in this chapter O Telnet FTP O DNS O Web Service Apache O Installing PHP for Apache Web Server O IPTABLES gt Observe and Erase Chain Rules gt Define Policy for Chain Rules gt Append or Delete Rules O NAT gt NAT Example Enabling NAT at Bootup O Dial up Service PPP gt How to Check the Connection gt Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections O PPPoE O GPRS Connection gt Configuring the options for pppd gt Configuring the AT commands gt Example Selecting the radio band O NFS Network File System gt Setting up the W315A 325A as an NFS Client O Mail O SNMP W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications Telnet FTP In addition to supporting Telnet client and FTP client server the W315A 325A also supports SSH and sftp client server To enable or disable the Telnet ftp server you first need to edit the file etc inetd conf Enabling the Telnet ftp server The following example shows the default content of the file etc inetd conf The default is to enable the Telnet ftp server discard dgram udp wait root bin discard discard stream tcp nowait root bin discard ftp stream tcp nowait root bin ftpd 1 Disabling the ftp server Disable the daemon by typing in front of the first character of the row to comment out the line DNS The W315A 325A supports DNS client but not DNS server
73. ng the interface provided by DDD Set a break point on main by double clicking or by entering b main on the command line When finished click the cont button 5 3 6 Programmer s Guide This chapter includes important information for programmers The following topics are covered in this chapter O Before Programming Your Embedded System Caution Required when Using File Systems Using a RAM File System instead of a Flash File System Flash Memory Map Device API RTC Real Time Clock Buzzer WDT Watch Dog Timer UART D 0 0 0 0 0 a C Library W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide Before Programming Your Embedded System Caution Required when Using File Systems We recommend that you only store your programs on the onboard NOR Flash The log data generated by your programs should be stored in an external storage device such as an SD card or Network File System Note that a Network File System will generally provide the largest amount of storage space In addition it is easier to replace a full or damaged SD card than an onboard NOR Flash A NOR Flash has a life cycle of 100 000 write operations in the block 128 KB level but does not support BBM Bad Block Management An SD card also has a life cycle but most SD cards are made from a NAND Flash for which the hardware controllers implement BBM This feature allows FAT to skip bad blocks if they exist Furthermore the memory space of an SD card
74. odem APIs later int cellular modem send cmd unsigned int fd char at_cmd char recv int recv size int timeout Description Sends an AT command to a cellular modem and waits for a reply Input lt timeout gt timeout in milliseconds if no response lt fd gt the cellular modem lt at_cmd gt the AT command lt recv_size gt maximum size of the buffer that stores replied data Output lt recv gt pointer to the buffer that stores the reply Return Value The number of received data 1 indicates failure Remarks Generally you can set the timeout to be 1000 to 2000 milliseconds but if you call the function with the AT SMGL ALL command we suggest setting the timeout greater than 10000 because listing all of the SMS messages requires more time int cellular modem gprs get signal strength unsigned int fd Description Gets the signal strength of the GPRS modem Input fd the cellular modem Output lt recv gt Pointer to the buffer that stores the reply Return Value 1 to 99 on success otherwise indicates that the function failed Remarks We suggest calling this function periodically int cellular modem gprs establish connection unsigned int fd char user char password Description Establishes a GPRS connection to the ISP service provider Input lt fd gt the cellular modem lt user gt pointer to the user id null indicates an empty userid
75. on remove the run file from the etc rc d rc3 d directory by using the following command rm f etc rc d rc3 d S60tcps2 Starting a Program Automatically at Run Level To set a program to run automatically at run level edit the file rc local as follows cd etc rc d vi rc local root Moxa cd etc rc d root8Moxa etc rc dfk vi rc local Next use vi to open your application program We use the example program tcps2 release and set it to run in the background The enabled daemons will be available after you reboot the system root Moxa ps PID Vad VmSize Stat Command root nas oS ansc 3 GT SWN ksoftirgd 0 TT SW events 0 Tele SW khelper kblockd 0 root SW khubd CODE SW pdflush POOG SW pdflush root SW aio 0 root SW kswapd0 root SW mtdblockd rot SW pcecardd root SW pccardd root jfts2cgedomtds root bin inetd foot root root tcps2 release root usr bin httpd k start d etc apache HIN bin portmap root bin sh login roo bin snmpd W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux 694 nobody usr bin httpd etc apache 695 nobody Vusr bDIN NEEpA etc apache 696 nobody usr bin httpd etc apache 697 nobody usr bin httpd etc apache 698 nobody usr bin httpd etc apache TOT root bin reportip 714 root bash 726 root bin telnetd 72 root bash eS root ps ef root Moxa Adjusting the System Time S
76. oot OE 331 Password required for root Password 230 User root logged in Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp gt cd newsw 250 CWD command successful C ftproot newsw is current directory ftp gt bin 200 Type set to I Epes as 200 Port command successful 150 Opening data connection for directory list drw rw rw MEEP FECE 0 Nov 30 10 03 drw rw rw M ECP ECE O Nov S07 0 053 EW YW FW T ECP Ip 13167772 Nov 29 10 24 w3x5a 1 0 hfm 226 Transfer complete ftp get w3x5a 1 0 hfm local w3x5a 1 0 hfm remote w3x5a 1 0 hfm 200 Port command successful 150 Opening data connection for w3x5a 1 0 hfm 226 Transfer complete 13167772 bytes received in 2 17 secs 5925 8 kB s ftp 3 3 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux 3 Next use the upgradehfm command to upgrade the kernel and root file system upgradehfm w3x5a x x x hfm root Moxa mnt ramdisk upgradehfm w3x5a 1 0 hfm Moxa W3x5a upgrade firmware utility version 1 0 To check source firmware file context The source firmware file conext is OK This step will destroy all your firmware Continue Y N Y Now upgrade the file kernel Format MTD device dev mtdl MTD device dev mtdl1 erase 128 Kibyte 1C0000 100 complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now upgrade the file usrdisk Format MTD device dev mtd2 MTD device dev mtd2 erase 128 Kibyte 800000 100
77. pd dav conf he 1 conf original extra httpd manual conf W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd autoindex conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd vhosts conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd ssl conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd info conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd default conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd mpm conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original extra httpd languages conf apache sdlinux apache 1 conf original httpd conf apache sdlinux apache 1 envvars apache sdlinux install sh apache sdlinux libxm12 s0 2 apache sdlinux phpinfo php apache sdlinux libjpeg so 62 apache sdlinux ssl keygen sh root Moxa mnt ramdisk Step 5 Run install sh and select to install php root Moxa mnt ramdisk apache sdlinux install sh Press the number 1 Install Apache Install Apache PHP Install Apache SSL PHP Uninstall Apache Ext Installing Please wait Install successful Starting web server apache root Moxa mnt ramdisk apache sdlinux Step 6 Test it Use the browser to access http 192 168 3 127 phpinfo php Moho gt 4e Bases D Gate I ded Tar d esnh PHP Version 5 2 5 System rus Moxa 2 6 9 c0 19 Wed Sep 15 09 55 03 CST 2010 sa Build Date Configure Command Server
78. program binencryptor to encrypt your program with an encryption key binencryptor yourProgram ABigKey 3 Upload the encrypted program file to the target computer by FTP or NFS and test the program The encryption key is a computer wise key That is a computer has only one key installed Running the program setkey multiple times causes the key to be over ridden To test the effectiveness of this software protection mechanism prepare a target computer that has not installed an encryption key or install a key different from that used to encrypt your program In any case the encrypted program will fail immediately This mechanism also allows a computer with an encryption key to bypass programs that are not encrypted allowing you to develop your programs and test them cleanly on the target computer during the development phase You may error messages in the following circumstances 1 When you try to run an encrypted program on an embedded computer that does not have the encryption key installed Error gt Inconsistency detected by ld so dynamic link h 62 elf get dynamic info Assertion bad dynamic tag failed 2 When you try to run an encrypted program on an embedded computer that has a different encryption key installed Error gt Segmentation fault The following topics are covered in this appendix O Common Linux Utility Commands VON Y File Manager Editor Network Process Other O
79. r COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 ES lol x Profile Edit Port Manager Window Help 4 NRI e z ex slo l2 E COM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 V T100 sm 93 S 7 cd etc network rQranoxa setc networks o Got Break Signa State OPEN 2 Type vi interfaces to use vi editor to edit the network configuration file You can configure the Ethernet ports of the W315A 325A for dynamic DHCP IP addresses 3 After the boot settings of the LAN interface have been modified issue the following command to activate the LAN settings immediately etc init d networking restart NOTE After changing the IP settings use the networking restart command to activate the new IP address Modifying Network Settings over the Network IP settings can be activated over the network but the new settings will not be saved to the flash ROM without modifying the file etc network interfaces For example type the command ifconfig ethO 192 168 27 125 to change the LAN IP address to 192 168 27 125 root Moxa ifconfig ethO 192 168 27 125 root Moxa _ GPRS Networks The W315A 325A embedded computers include a GSM GPRS module for wireless communication The module can be used to transmit data over a GPRS network Setting Up the Wireless Module Before using the W315A 325A make sure the SIM card is properly installed and the antenna is connected refer to the W315A 325A Hardware Users Manual for details Note that the SIM card must b
80. routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use iface 129 67 1 165 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 6 pppO 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo 0 0 0 0 129 67 1 165 0 0 0 0 UG 0 0 6298 pppO If your output looks similar but doesn t have the destination 0 0 0 0 line which refers to the default route used for connections you may have run pppd without the defaultroute option At this point you can try using Telnet ftp or finger bearing in mind that you ll have to use numeric IP addresses unless you ve set up etc resolv conf correctly Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections This first example applies to using a modem requiring authorization with a username and password pppd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 login auth You should also add the following line to the file etc ppp pap secrets wu The first star lets everyone login The second star lets every host connect The pair of double quotation marks indicates to use the file etc passwd to check the password The last star lets any IP connect The following example does not check the username and password pppd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications PPPoE 1 Connect the W315A 325A s LAN port to an ADSL modem with a cross over cable HUB or switch Log on to the W315A 325A as the root user
81. rsion type kversion root Moxa kversion W325A Version 1 0 root Moxa NOTE The kernel version number shown above is for the factory default configuration If you download and install the latest firmware version from Moxa s website the new kernel version number will be displayed System I mage Backup Upgrading the Firmware The W315A 3254A s bios kernel and root file system are combined into one firmware file which can be downloaded from Moxa s website www moxa com The name of the file has the form w3x5a x x hfm in which x x indicates the firmware version w3x5a x x x hfm for customized version To upgrade the firmware download the firmware file to a PC and then transfer the file to the W315A 325A through a console port or Telnet console connection A ATTENTION Upgrading the firmware will erase all data on the Flash ROM If you are using the ramdisk to store code for your applications beware that updating the firmware will erase all of the data on the Flash ROM You should back up your application files and data before updating the firmware Since different Flash disks have different sizes it s a good idea to check the size of your Flash disk before upgrading the firmware or before using the disk to store your application and data files Use the df h command to list the size of each memory block and how much free space is available in each block root Moxa df h Filesystem S
82. s determined by the argument arg The high word part of arg gives the length of time the buzzer will sound and the low word part gives the frequency The buzzer s on off behavior is controlled by software If you call the ioctl function you MUST set the frequency at 100 Hz If you use a different frequency the system could crash WDT Watch Dog Timer Introduction The WDT works like a watchdog function You can enable it or disable it When the user enables WDT but the application does not acknowledge it the system will reboot You can set the acknowledgement time from a minimum of 50 msec up to a maximum of 60 seconds How to Enable the WDT You will need to write your own application to enable the WDT function for the computer Refer to the following APIs to write the application The user API The user application must include moxadevic h and link moxalib a A makefile example is shown below all arm linux gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib int swtd open void Description Opens the file handle to control the WDT If you want to control the WDT you must first call this function and then use the file handle for other tasks Arguments None Return Value The file handle a negative number indicates that an error occurred 6 3 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide int swtd enable int fd unsigned long time Description Enables the time interval for
83. ser s Manual Getting Started In this case 80364944 is the PUK code and 0000 is the new PIN code Use this new PIN code the next time the W315A 325A starts ai Tera Term COM3 Y T File Edit Setup Control Window Help rootBMoxa it rootBHoxa f sim un E pus ET ron er h p PUK code n new pin code Unlock the SIM c an g i bin sim unlock display this message fbin sim unlock h display help message f bin sim unlock p 3876 n 1234 input PUK code with new pin code assi gne ed root Moxa I sim enable pin e p 0000 tt sim get pin status Need PUK code authent icat ion ronl Sova 7 sim unlock p 80364944 n 0000 SIM Card is ready root BMoxa 1t root BMoxa Tt Configuring Your APN List Before you start connecting to the Internet take the following steps to configure the APN list 1 Check the operators name by using the egprscmd t at cops command However make sure you have entered a correct PIN code or disabled PIN code authentication so you can check the operator s name I Tera Term COM3 YT File Edit Setup Control Window Help root Moxa ft root Boxe egprsemd t attcops attcops COPS 0 0 Chunghwa Teleco rootBMoxa tt 2 Next you need to add the operator s name and APN name in the file etc chatscripts apn list n this case we know that the operator is Chunghwa Teleco Add this information in the file Switzerland Swisscom gprs swisscom ch
84. server IP address The last mail address receiver company com is the receiver s e mail address mail body message is the mail content The last line of the body of the message should contain ONLY the period character You will need to add your hostname to the file etc hosts SNMP This embedded computer supports the Net Snmp daemon It has not been included in the default package but can install by yourself when you need it It will use about 3 MB of your embedded flash ROM The W315A 325A embedded computers come with SNMP V1 Simple Network Management Protocol agent software built in The software supports RFC1317 RS 232 like groups and RFC 1213 MIB II To install SNMP follow these steps Step 1 Make sure you have enough free space 192 1650 3 127 PUTTY root Moxa bin df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock2 8 0M 6 0M 20M A 4 19 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications dev ram0 170K 457 0k 4 var dev mtdblock3 488 0k 5 5M 8 tmp dev mtdblock3 488 0k 5 5M 8 home dev mtdblock3 488 0k 559M 8 etc tmpfs U 30 4M 0 dev shm root Moxa bin The dev mtdblock3 directory should have more than 3 5 MB of available memory Step 2 Type upramdisk to get free space ram disk to save the package root Moxa bin upramdisk root Moxa bin df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock2 8 0M 6 0M 2 0M 75 dev ram0 499 0k 18
85. snmpbulkget Net SNMP bin snmpset Net SNMP bin mib2c Net SNMP bin snmptranslate Net SNMP bin traptoemail Net SNMP bin ipf mod pl Net SNMP bin snmptable Net SNMP bin snmpstatus Net SNMP bin snmpnetstat Net SNMP bin snmpinform Net SNMP bin snmpdf Net SNMP bin snmpwalk Net SNMP bin tkmib Net SNMP bin snmpconf Net SNMP bin snmpdelta Net SNMP bin snmptrap Net SNMP bin snmptest Net SNMP bin fixproc Net SNMP bin encode keychange Net SNMP install sh Net SNMP EXAMPLE conf Net SNMP sbin Net SNMP sbin snmptrapd Net SNMP sbin snmpd Step 5 Go to directory mnt ramdisk Net SNMP Run install sh and shoose the install snmp daemon option Step 6 Run the command snmpd c etc snmpd snmpd conf to wake up the snmp daemon Step 7 Test it Use snmp client to query from target The following simple example shows how to use an SNMP browser on the host site to query the W315A 325A which is the SNMP agent The W315A 325A will respond SNMP QUERY STARTED 1 sysDescr 0 octet string Version 1 0 sysObjectl D 0 object identifier enterprises 8691 12 240 sysName O octet string Mox SysLocation O octet string Unknown Nou B UN u lt u eO o 5 ct o Q rt o o o rr 0 rt u rr 2 5 e x C L d cet D 3 Ln C o 5 C 4 5 c sysServices 0 integer 6 4 21 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications 8 ifNumber O integer 6 9 iflndex 1
86. t snmp basic ipt TCPMSS ipt mark ip queue ipt TOS ipt multiport ipt LOG ipt ULOG ipt owner NOTE The W315A 325A does NOT support IPV6 and ipchains The basic syntax to enable and load an IPTABLES module is as follows 1smod modprobe ip tables modprobe iptable filter 4 8 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Managing Communications NOTE Use 1smod to check if the ip tables module has already been loaded in the W315A 325A Use modprobe to insert and enable the module Use the following command to load the modules iptable filter iptable mangle iptable nat modprobe iptable filter I PTABLES plays the role of packet filtering or NAT Take care when setting up the IPTABLES rules If the rules are not correct remote hosts that connect via a LAN or PPP may be denied access We recommend using the Serial Console to set up the IPTABLES Click on the following links for more information about iptables http www linuxguruz com iptables http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO packet filtering HOWTO html Since the IPTABLES command is very complex to illustrate the IPTABLES syntax we have divided our discussion of the various rules into three categories Observe and erase chain rules Define policy rules and Append or delete rules Observe and Erase Chain Rules Usage iptables t tables L n t tables Table to manipulate default filter example nat or filter L
87. te that the function failed int cellular modem sim get sim card status unsigned int fd Description Gets the SIM card status Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Return Value 0 ready okay to use 1 no sim card or loose 2 PIN wait for the pin code for authentication 3 PUK incorrect pin code was entered 3 times other numbers indicates that the function has failed int cellular_modem_sim_get_pin_attempt_count unsigned int fd Description When the SIM card status is set to PIN 2 this function retrieves the available PIN code attempt count If the SIM card status is set to PUK 3 this function gets the available PUK code attempt count Input lt fd gt the cellular modem Return Value The attempted count left of PIN PUK code authentication a negative number indicates a failure int cellular modem sim authenticate pin code unsigned int fd char pin code Description When the SIM card status is set to PIN 2 this function authenticates a PIN code If the correct code is entered the status will be set back to ready 0 Input fd the cellular modem pin code pointer to the PIN code Return Value 0 if successful other numbers indicate that the function failed W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Programmer s Guide int cellular modem sim unlock pin code unsigned int fd char passwd char new pin code Description
88. the WDT You must provide the time interval in msec Input int fd gt the file handle this is the value returned by swtd open unsigned long time gt The time period when ack ing sWatchDog periodically You must acknowledge the WDT before timeout If you do not acknowledge the system will reboot automatically The minimum time is 50 msec the maximum time is 60 seconds The time unit is msec Return Value O zero indicates OK other numbers received indicate an error int swtd disable int fd Description Disables the WDT Input int fd gt the file handle returned by swtd open Return Value 0 zero indicates OK other numbers received indicate an error int swtd get int fd int mode unsigned long time Description Gets current WDT settings Input int fd gt the file handle returned by swtd open Output int mode the status of the user application 1 WDT is enabled 0 WDT is disabled unsigned long time gt the current interval time in msec for the WDT Return Value 0 zero indicates OK other numbers received indicate an error int swtd ack int fd Description Acks the WDT Input int fd gt the file handle returned by swtd open Return Value O zero indicates OK other numbers received indicate an error int swtd close int fd Description Clo ses the file handle
89. tomatic authentication remove the system file etc chatscripts cpin Verifying the SIM Card Status Use the sim get pin status command to check the SIM card status m Tera Term COM3 FI File Edit Setup Control Window Help root BMoxa Tt root BMoxa root Boa 1t rootBMoxa l sim get pin status Need PIN code authent ication Jroot Moxa t Bi There are four possible responses Ready Your W315A 325A wireless module is ready to work No SIM card You need to insert the SIM card into the W315A 325A or your SIM card may not be inserted correctly Need PIN code You need to enter the correct PIN code See Entering the PIN Code in this section for details Need PUK code You need to enter the PUK code See Unlocking the SIM Card in this section for details Enabling or Disabling PI N Code Authentication You can enable PIN code authentication to prompt for PIN code authentication whenever the W315A 325A boots up Use the sim enable pin e p PIN code command to enable PIN code authentication For example enter sim enable ping e p 0000 to activate PIN code authentication W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started D Tera Term COM3 VT File Edit Setup Control Window Help jrootBMoxa tt jroot Moxa ft sim enable pin lUsage bin sim enable pin h e p pincode d p pin code Enable o ir Disable the PIN authentication e g sim enable pin display this message sim enable pin h
90. tpd start d etc apache nobody usr bin httpd start d etc apache nobody usr bin httpd start d etc apache nobody usr bin httpd start d etc apache root bin reportip root bash root bin telnetd root bash 728root 1264 S tcps2 release q729root SE ps ef rootGMoxa i NOTE Use the kill 9 command for PID 728 to terminate this program kill 9 728 2 16 W315A 325A Linux User s Manual Getting Started Summary of the Testing Procedure NOTE Compile tcps2 c make Upload and run tcps2 release in the background 4 tcps2 release amp Check that the process is running jobs or ps ef Use a serial cable to connect PC1 to the W315A 325A s serial port 1 Use an Ethernet cable to connect PC2 to the W315A 325A On PCI If running Windows use HyperTerminal 38400 n 8 1 to open COMn On PC2 Type telnet 192 168 3 127 4001 On PC1 Type some text on the keyboard and then press Enter O 0 I OY e M NUES On PC2 The text you typed on PC1 will appear on PC2 s screen The testing environment is illustrated in the following figure However note that there are limitations to the example program tcps2 c PC1 PC2 E mi 4 4 tcps2 c Read serial data Serial Rx Send data to Buffer Buffer The tcps2 c application is a simple example designed to give users a basic understanding of the concepts involved in combining Ethernet communication and serial port communication However t
91. tting the Time Manually 1 ette a ache Dale acd tees 3 7 NTP Client s itii e Gt IGI X GGEGRGXGI2GWPGIGGDGRGTXRIIRIDIR TG IT TDIIDEDNU IN sm Rd M MRPPePidje f Ri RR MR PRA RARE PE RE nidi niiin 3 8 Updating the Time Automatically ses eee ee eee eee 3 8 Cron Daemon for Executing Scheduled Commands s sss sese esse ee eee eee e e e e e ee ee 3 9 4 Managing Communications eeeeeeeseeeeee sse se essen resen nenes ennenen sank ka gua ennenen usua dada su eanne s 4 1 Telnet ETB o3 o Medeiiese tite rere vest edet etd verdes dues dies dues see secre AA RARO AER ne ana AGIS ana CA DA SA IARE 4 2 pcc EE 4 2 Web Service Apdcl8 z 10 2 2 EPPDIRIRIGIA ION r Pei iii ici iei le QIR po A DR DDR RR SA DE PEDEEE PERPE T ETE TE TET PORE PEE harid 4 3 Installing PHP for Apache Web Seryer eO IRR Rex iri liipR Ar A ER X RR ERU kiini bii 4 4 lapijiccp UULTUS 4 7 Qbserve and Erase Chain Rules i aces add acne aded etre es sette aaa Ta a aere e 2002030 4 9 Define Policy for Chain Rules oo oto Pete teet ehe iretur Etuis hubo note tede noit 4 9 Append or Delete RUl6S 5 5 6 e tee rie tieiciertie DIEI DIDI RII I IRI P Ier Sr 0c I2snd2ln cn DIA PDT D D DAP DI PPIID DPMTADIT 4 10 NAT wu TTT 4 10 NAT Examples ioiii oS Stet UU UU be D needed erede eene vate Vedi ta 4 11 Enabling NAT at Boob vsss zs yxs Kaa YSR II I EEEE E nn nnn seme mememememe memes 4 11 Dial p Service PPPz s iid i ele AE a ai ee ei oe rre rrr Ts 4 12 How to Check
92. ttpd cgi bin Before you modify the homepage use a browser such as Microsoft Internet Explore or Mozilla Firefox from your PC to test if the Apache Web Server is working Type the LAN IP address in the browser s address box to open the homepage E g type http 192 168 13 23 in the address box i http 192 168 13 23 Microsoft Internet Explorer BAR File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q sax amp ix E JJ Search ST Favorites o e3 m X Address http 192 168 13 23 It works Internet To open the default CGI page type http 192 168 13 23 cgi bin test cgi in your browser s address box ETE 92 168 1 3 23 cgi bin test cgi Microsoft Internet Explorer ay Qs Q x a yo Search Sie Favorites e3 te E 33 Address http 192 168 13 23 cai bin test cai vj e ws CGI 1 0 test script report argc is 0 argv is SERVER SOFTWARE pache 2 1 6 Unix mod ssl 2 1 6 OpenSSL 0 9 8 PHP 5 0 5 SERVER NAME 192 168 13 23 GATEWAY INTERFACE CGI 1 1 SERVER PROTOCOL HTTP 1 1 SERVER PORT 80 REQUEST METHOD GET HTTP ACCEPT image gif image x xbitmap image jpeg image pjpeg application x shockwave flash PATH INFO PATH TRANSLATED SCRIPT NAME cgi bin test cgi QUERY STRING REMOTE HOST REMOTE_ADDR REMOTE_USER AUTH_TYPE CONTENT_TYPE CONTENT_LENGTH 192 168 13 25 i j Done Internet Iv 4 3 W315A 325A Linux Us
93. turn Value 0 if successful other numbers indicate that the function failed int cellular modem gprs get module temperature unsigned int fd Description Gets the modem module temperature Input fd the cellular modem Return Value the temperature of the GPRS module NOTE 7 Software Lock Software Lock is an innovative technology developed by Moxa s engineers It can be adopted by a system integrator or developer to protect applications from being copied Usually an application is compiled into a binary format bound to the embedded computer and the operating system OS that the application runs on The application can be installed on other computers that use the same hardware and the same operating system which means that the application is easily copied Moxa s engineers used data encryption to develop this protective mechanism for your applications The binary file associated with each of your applications must undergo an additional encryption process after you have developed it The process requires you to install an encryption key on the target computer 1 Choose an encryption key e g ABigKey and install it in the target computer with a pre utility program setkey setkey ABigKey Note set an empty string to clear the encryption key in the target computer setkey 2 Develop and compile your program in the development PC In the development PC run the utility
94. ware written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the computer with a GNU cross compiler without needing to modify the source code The OS device drivers e g serial and buzzer control and your own applications can all be stored in the NOR Flash Software Architecture The Linux operating system that is pre installed in the W315A 325A follows the standard Linux architecture making it easy to accept programs that follow the POSIX standard Program porting is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa In addition to Standard POSIX APIs device drivers for USB storage buzzer and Network controls and UART are also included with the Linux OS AP User Application Daemon Apache Telnet FTPD SNMP API Application Interface POSIX Socket Secure Socket Protocol Stack TCP IP UDP CMP ARP HTTP SNMP SMTP Gwag RTC USB UART Microkernel Memory control Schedule Process Hardware RS 232 422 485 Ethernet Flash USB The W315A 325A s built in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader Linux Kernel Root File System and User directory partitions In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System the W315A 325A computers use a specially designed Root File System with Protected Configuration for emergency use This Root File System comes with serial and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the Factory Default I mage file The user directory saves the user s settings and applications
95. ystem memory usage date print or set the system date and time env run a program in a modified environment Clear Clear the terminal screen reboot reboot power off on the server halt halt the server du estimate file space usage gzip gunzip compress or expand files hostname show system s host name Special Moxa Utilities kversion show kernel version cat etc version show user directory version upramdisk mount ramdisk downramdisk unmount ramdisk

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