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1. Setup Measure Format Display Scal Cable movement e Plot F3 lent e Define plot 1 010 Tine p 02 04 93 Save data D 16 37 44 1 006 Recall data EA 1 002 he ee a a aaa a ey aon 0 998 ans en ra 7 Laff TAa lt TA T A f 0 994 Psi 0 990 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 3 17 Output Menu MS DOS Version Saving Information Note To Save the Test Setup to Disk 5 Measurement Example Format Sets Print versus Plot Type of format determines whether the data can be printed or plotted Table 3 4 Format Command Hardcopy Device Table Print Printer Graph Plot Plotter or Printer The software lets you save three main types of information m Test setup data m Measurement data a Data files The information is saved to disk in the computer memory in the network analyzer To save calibration data refer to the network analyzer manual Test setup data consists of m Network analyzer learn string a full definition of the state or settings of the analyzer m Software operating state frequency range format traces displayed measurement data scale m Measurement data a Visible memory trace data Measurement data is of two varieties m The most recent measurement or m Measurement data recalled from memory Data files consist of m Measurement data m Frequency range m Swe
2. 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 3 5 Set Frequency Dialog Box MS DOS Version Change Start Frequency to 8 2 GHz If loading the cal kit data made this setting skip to the next paragraph 1 Move the pointer to the text box just to the right of Start freq 2 Click at the far left end of the text box drag across to the far right end of the text box and then release the mouse button This highlights the entire current entry 3 Type in 8 2 You do not have to enter the units GHz as that is the default value Do NOT select OK or press RETURN or ENTER yet Change Stop Frequency to 12 4 GHz If loading the cal kit data made this setting skip to the next paragraph 1 Move the pointer to the left end of the Stop freq text box 2 Click drag and release as above 3 Type in 12 4 Define the Model 5 Waveguide Calibration Change Num Pts to 51 m Change the number of points to 51 as above OK the Changes and Exit the Dialog Box In this example we use the default values for units GHz and sweep mode linear m To accept the settings made do one Select OK command with the mouse 2 Press ENTER or RETURN on the keyboard The software displays the hourglass as it updates the network analyzer This dialog box lets you select the measurement model HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output
3. Measurement model Description Refl Tran uge N R Reflection Transmission Mu and Epsilon ReflfTran e Prec n Nicolson Ross Model RefifTran e FAST Fast best for magnetic waveguide short samples Refl e ShartBack 1 2 wavelength discontinuities for long low loss Refl e ArbitBack samples Refl u amp e Sing DbI S parameters 11 21 12 amp S22 511 amp 21 if sample position defined Calibration full 2 port one path 2 portif 11 amp 521 only Sample position defined approximation adequate when all 4 S parameters are measured otherwise exact position required Number of samples 1 Sample thickness 1 4 wavelength Results permittivity amp permeability Figure 3 6 Model Dialog Box MS DOS Version 1 Select 2 Select Model note that the current measurement model is Refl Tran u amp e N R 3 Select Cancel to leave the dialog box without changing it Measurement Tutorial 3 13 5 Waveguide Calibration Define the Sample Holder Note 3 14 Measurement Tutorial If you are using a coaxial system or a different waveguide cal kit enter the equivalent data The software lookup table explained below and the Software Reference chapter contain tables of common waveguide cutoff frequencies The cutoff frequency for coaxial systems is 0 GHz This example assumes this hardware configuration m Cable con
4. e 20 00 Default 16 00 12 00 6 000 4 000 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 21 Scale Menu MS DOS Version Select Autoscale to bring the permittivity data in view with one command The software selects Y maximum and Y minimum values for the data such that all data appears on screen and the scale factor Ymax Ymin 10 is a multiple of 1 2 or 5 After the display is autoscaled the program returns to the main menu Select et scale to bring up a dialog box to enter new Y maximum and Y minimum values for scaling the graph Software Reference 8 25 Scale Menu Default HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 e 20 00 16 00 12 00 Autoscale 8 000 Default 4 000 0 000 0000 GHz Figure 8 22 Set Scale Screen MS DOS Version Use the text boxes to enter new scaling parameters Select OK to redraw the graph with the new scale parameters or select Cancel to leave the graph unchanged To autoscale the graph from the set scale dialog box select Autoscale The values that the software has calculated for the new scaling parameters are displayed in the dialog box Select OK to keep these v
5. for right justified 5 Move the Data Under the Headings The data was automatically parsed by issuing the FIN command but it is one column and one row away from the desired location The move command will fix this Move the highlight cursor to the first parsed number This should be the first frequency value in the second column Issue the M command and select the data to be moved by pressing the END key the right arrow the END key again and the down arrow This should select all the data in the file that was imported using the FIN command Press ENTER to confirm the From part of the move Move the highlight cursor to the row just below the parsed column headings To wipe out the single column of text move over this first column Press ENTER to complete the move 6 Discard the Last Line of Text There will be one last text label at the end of the data This can be removed by pressing the END key the down arrow to get to the last cell and then using the RE range erase command to clear 1 Import the Text Move to the upper left corner of the range where you want your data to be imported Then issue the FIT file import text command You can then select your data file from the list presented by moving to the file name and pressing RETURN This will take a short while to read in the data It will appear to spread out over several columns but it is actually long text labels all in the first column 2 P
6. If your cal kit does not include a cal data disk refer to the cal kit and network analyzer manuals to see how to enter the cal kit data manually Press LOCAL TALKER LISTENER to end network analyzer control of the HP IB bus Turn on the computer it too should be connected to the analyzer with an HP IB cable Start the program as explained in the previous chapter The copyright screen should appear Continue Notice that as the software program begins it resets the analyzer to the cal kit frequency range in polar chart format Measurement Tutorial 3 11 5 Waveguide Calibration Set Up the Measurement First 3 12 Measurement Tutorial In general the first step in setting up the system for calibration and measurement is to select the frequency range a start and stop frequency and either the number of frequency points or a step frequency The measurement frequency range Must match the calibration frequency range Can be as wide as the bandwidth of the cal kit Can be just part of the bandwidth of the cal kit Click on Setup Select Set frequency to display the dialog box below wre bf HE HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 Start freq 8 200000000 Hz Sweep mode KHz Stop freq 12 400000000 Linear MHz Log Freq step 0 021000000 GHz Num pts 201
7. The setup menu is used to m Select the range of frequencies for measurements m Select the measurement model for obtaining complex material parameters m Describe the material sample and sample holder m Save and recall complete test setups to disk Model Sample holder Verify estimate Recall setup R Full Menus Status Bar 8 000 4 000 0 000 0 200000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 1 Setup Menu MS DOS Version The commands in the setup menu are these The command is used to select the frequency parameters of the system for calibration and measurement Start freq amp Stop freq Start and stop frequencies define the frequency range They can be set manually or by selecting a type of waveguide sample holder in the sample holder menu Freq step Frequency step is the frequency difference between successive frequency points It is a valid choice in linear or log sweep mode see below For example 1 0 GHz frequency steps in the range of 10 0 to 18 0 GHz results in nine measurements being taken at 1 0 GHz intervals 10 0 11 0 12 0 18 0 GHz Num pts Number of frequency points is the number of frequencies measured within the defined range It takes precedence over frequency step when both are entered It is a valid choice in linear sweep mode only Setup Menu
8. see below For example 51 points in the range of 2 0 to 7 0 GHz results in 51 measurements being taken between 2 0 and 7 0 GHz at every 0 1 GHz inteval Hz KHz MHz GHz These are the four choices for frequency unit The same choice applies to start frequency stop frequency and frequency step also cutoff frequency in the sample holder menu For example if you specify a start frequency in GHz the stop frequency and frequency step are also defined in GHz Sweep mode The software can make measurements over the specified frequency range by distributing the frequencies in either a linear or logarithmic fashion In linear sweep mode the start stop and step or number of frequencies is specified In a logarithmic sweep the start stop and number of frequencies is defined The number of frequencies must be a multiple of ten plus one for example 11 21 101 etc This restriction enables the software to evenly distribute the frequencies into ten different frequency list segments and operate the network analyzer in the frequency list mode The start of each frequency segment is distributed logarithmically MS DOS version m Presents the dialog box shown below HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 Start freq p 200000000 Hz Sweep mode KHz L Stop freq 20 000000000 inear MHz Log Freq
9. 80 00 Stop frequency 20 GHz 60 00 Stop frequency 39 GHz 40 00 Number of points 51 Lnear Log 20 00 oK 5 GHz 20 GHz Cancel Frequency Use the cursor keys to point to menu choice Use the RETURN key to make menu choice Select another Menu with the labeled softkeys User 1 Running oK Cancel Figure 2 11 HP BASIC Sample Menu Selections HP 85071 HP BASIC The HP 85071 display window and its components are shown below Software Fundamentals ANNOTATION GRID e 100 0 gt Set frequency 80 00 Sove setup 60 00 Recall setup INSTRUMENT DISPLAY 40 00 20 00 tme 5 GHz 20 GHz Frequency Use the cursor keys to point to menu choice Use the RETURN key to make menu choice point Select another Menu with the labeled softkeys User 1 Running Setup Measure Format Display Sealing Output Help Figure 2 12 Main Menu Screen with Pull Outs Describing Principal Functions of Components The instrument display is always present Most of the time the instrument display presents measurement data as a graph But it can also present the data as a tabular listing 2 22 Getting Started Conclusion 2 HP BASIC These terms refer to parts of the instrument display
10. Enter file information if desired Select OK The software lets you recall the same four main types of information that you can save The types are defined in Saving Information above The types are m Test setup data m Measurement data m Data files 1 Select Setup 2 Select Recall setup to display the recall setup dialog box 3 To select the desired file do one m Select file from the list m Change drive directory or both and then select Recalling Measurement Data Note To Recall Data Files Conclusion from Disk 5 Measurement Example Measurement data can be recalled from disk or memory To Recall from Disk 1 Select Output 2 Select Recall data to display the recall data dialog box 3 To select the desired file do one m Select file from the list a Change drive or directory or both and then select Recalled measurement data is placed in the data trace for display if the recalled frequency range and sweep type match the current settings If they do not match the recalled data is not displayed 4 To view additional traces a Place the first in memory 1 b Recall the second and place it in memory 2 c Repeat as desired To Recall From Memory Select Display Select Memory gt data 1 2 3 Select memory 1 2 or 3 4 Select OK Select Output 2 Select Recall data 3 Do one m Select displayed file name m Enter disk drive
11. Filename already exists Do you wish to overwrite it An attempt was made to save a file on disk when a file with the same name already exists Press the OK softkey to replace the old file press the Cancel softkey to abort the save process then use a different filename Mass storage medium overflow no space left on disk There is not enough space on disk to save the file Insert another initialized disk and press Try Again or press Exit to abort Maximum string length of entry is xx characters The string entry filename display title has exceeded the maximum length allowed The software will present this message After any key is pressed the string will be presented again Use the back space key or left arrow key to delete characters Media is not in drive The software can find the disk drive but a disk is not in the drive Put the disk in and press Try Again or press Exit to abort the process Media is not initialized An attempt was made to save or recall a file from an uninitialized disk Only disks which have been initialized with the BASIC operating system can be used This initialization must HP BASIC Error Messages be done outside the HP 85071 software with the BASIC INITIALIZE command See the BASIC manuals for more information Media is write protected An attempt was made to save a Setup or Data file to a write protected disk Use another disk or move the write protect tab on the current disk to enable the stora
12. Software Reference 8 7 Setup Menu 8 8 Software Reference HP85071B Sample holder length 9 8 units Cutoff frequency inch 6 560010022 GHz Distance to sample 0 mil cm Air gap Sample thickness 9 8 mm Correction Off Sample holder Distance Sample Coax to sample thickness aa aa Waveguide Free space Port 1 Sample holder length Figure 8 4 Sample Holder Screen MS DOS Version Sample thickness shown above is the physical thickness of the sample This is typically obtained by a micrometer measurement Units is the measurement unit inch mil cm or mm It applies to the sample holder length distance and thickness Cutoff frequency is 0 units for coaxial sample holders Units Hz kHz MHz and GHz are selected in the set frequency menu For waveguide sample holders the low cutoff frequency depends on the dimensions of the guide You can enter the frequency manually or let the software enter it by selecting one of the waveguides in the lookup table Common waveguide designations operating and cutoff frequencies and dimensions are tabled below Measurements are less practical at higher frequencies m Samples are smaller and more difficult to handle and mount m Tolerances are tighter air gaps cause larger errors m Samples mu
13. The type of frequency distribution for the 250 stored measurement data The string read back from the 260 file will either be LINEAR for a linear frequency 270 sweep or LOG for a logarithmic frequency sweep 280 290 300 Freq An array containing each measurement frequency 310 for the stored measurement data For example Epsilon 5 320 holds the epsilon measurement data from the 5th frequency 330 The 5th frequency is held in the array element Freq 5 340 350 360 Epsilon The stored epsilon measurement data 370 380 Mu The stored mu measurement data 390 400 410 OPTION BASE 1 420 ASSIGN File TO Data_file 430 ENTER File File_type 440 IF File_type HP85071DATAFILE THEN 450 not a proper HP 85071 file take appropriate action 460 ELSE 470 ENTER File Num_freq Start_freq Stop_freq Sweep_type 480 ALLOCATE COMPLEX Temp_epsilon Num_freq Temp_mu 4 6 Advanced Measurement Techniques 5 Measurement Example Num_freq Temp_freq Num_freq 490 ENTER File Temp_epsilon 500 ENTER File Temp_mu 510 ENTER File Temp_freq 520 FOR I 1 TO Num_freq 530 Epsilon 1 Temp_epsilon I 540 Mu 1 Temp_mu I 550 Freq Temp_freq 1 560 NEXT I 570 END IF 580 ASSIGN File TO 590 SUBEND Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 7 In Case of Difficulty Introduction Common Problems and Solutions Although the HP 85071 materials measurement software has
14. directivity source match load match and isolation The model then Software Reference 8 5 Setup Menu 8 6 Software Reference uses the measurement less effected by systematic uncertainties to determine e This calculation is faster than the refl tran e prec n technique This technique has no calculation anomolies at frequencies where the sample thickness is an integer multiple of one half wavelength A 2 This technique is very useful for long samples and for quick characterization of dielectric materials If the Verify estimate command is turned on then the software presents its estimate of at the first frequency You can enter a new estimate of or acknowledge the estimate presented by the software Refl e Short Back Model requirements m Measurement of S11 a S11 l port calibration m Defined sample position m One sample a 2 wavelength sample thickness is optimum This model measures the reflection coefficient S11 of a sample in a transmission line backed by a short circuit The sample can either be butted against a short circuit at the end of the transmission line or bonded to a ground plane which serves as a short at the end of the transmission line Only for the material is computed The dielectric properties of the material parameters are obtained by a iterative calculation This technique is an extension of several published approaches You must enter an value for the first fr
15. installation of software and hardware loading and starting the HP 85071 software program and basic operator interface techniques The techniques cover how to use the keyboard a mouse softkeys menus and dialog boxes The chapter also illustrates fundamental displays of the software program Section 1 MS DOS of this chapter is for users of the MS DOS standard version of the software If your system supports Windows with MS DOS on an HP Vectra computer or equivalent continue with section 1 below Section 2 HP BASIC of this chapter is for users of the HP BASIC option 300 version of the software If your system uses HP BASIC on an HP 9000 series 300 computer or an HP Vectra PC with a BASIC language processor card skip to section 2 of this chapter By the time you have finished this chapter your materials measurement system should be up and running you should understand how to use the software and you should know how to manipulate measurement data You will be ready to make the measurements given as examples in the Measurement Tutorial chapter Section 1 MS DOS Version of the Software To run the MS DOS version of the HP 85071 software program you must have a windows compatible computer as defined below Additionally you should be familiar with basic Microsoft DOS MS DOS operations Refer to the MS DOS manuals to Copy files Display the directory of a floppy or hard disk Create directories on a floppy
16. Full menus Status bar Measure Menu Measure Menu m Filenames have a maximum of ten characters m Default file preface is S_ m The full directory structure of the HFS Hierarchical File System is supported Test setups can be recalled from disk by choosing the command A file dialog box is presented to enter the drive directory and file name of the test setup to recall from disk MS DOS version Displays drive icons i e A B Displays directory icons directory names presented in bold Single click on icon presents files on indicated drive or directory Allows choice of displaying file information Title Operator Time Date Comments HP BASIC version m To change the disk directory type in a new mass storage specifier for example 700 1 or HP85071 Data This command offers a choice of the short or full version of the softkey menu The short menu has less choices Interestingly the alternate not current choice is displayed Thus when Short Menus is visible you are looking at the full menus with the option to select the short menus This command toggles on and off the status bar at the bottom of the computer screen When on the status bar shows the calculation model in use and whether air gap correction is on It is shown below The measure menu presents commands to trigger a measurement of the material and sample holder Then the software converts the S parameter measurements of t
17. directory and file name 4 Do one m Select View File Info Open OK Unselect View File Info and select Open After working through this measurement tutorial you should be familiar with the main operating techniques and features of the HP 85071 materials measurement software Using the program is the best way to master it But other aids are available The help menu provides an on line definition of each command in the program Additionally the Software Reference chapter details each command and operation of the program Don t overlook the index and glossary for help Measurement Tutorial 3 25 Advanced Measurement Techniques Introduction This chapter focuses on several topics intended to help you make more accurate measurements and analyze them on different platforms The topics are these Traceable reference measurements and materials Air gap correction Sample holder length loss E E E m Accessing Data Files Traceable Reference Measurements and Materials The accuracy of material measurement procedures and the traceability of such measurements can be established by measuring reference materials with an HP 85071 material measurements system Reference materials and a measurement service are currently available through NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology formerly National Bureau of Standards HP is not part of the traceability chain and recommends that for addi
18. explanations if any in normal type Bad filename entered Enter a filename with these limitations m Eight characters maximum m Only letters numbers and underline _ m Software adds prefix D_ or S_ Calibration does not match the current setup A measurement was triggered but the frequency range of the calibration in the network analyzer does not match the setup in the software The software will not allow measurment Cutoff frequency gt start frequency not allowed Select the Holder choice in the Setup menu to define the cutoff frequency as less than the start frequency Drive not found or bad address The software cannot find the disk at the currently defined mass storage specifier A new mass storage unit specifier can be entered by executing another Save data or setup command and entering the new MSUS ex 700 1 see the HP BASIC documentation for more details on the syntax of mass storage specifiers when promted for the filename Entered frequency above network analyzer source range The frequency entry is outside the range of the network analyzer source Enter the value again and make sure that you are terminating the entry with the desired terminator GHz or MHz Entered frequency below network analyzer source range The frequency entry is outside the range of the network analyzer source Enter the value again and make sure that you are terminating the entry with the desired terminator GHz or MHz File
19. use of each model is determined by several factors Optimum sample length see previous table Measured S parameters see table below Desired measurement parameters Speed versus accuracy trade offs Table 3 3 Measurement Models Measured S Parameters Model Name Comments Refl Tran u amp e N R all or S11 Sey er amp u fast but has discontinuities best for magnetic short or lossy MUTs Refl Tran e Prec n all e accurate no discontinuities best for long low loss MUTs Refl Tran e Fast all or S11 Sei e similar to Precision but faster and better for lossy MUS best for long low loss MUTs Refl e Short Back Su e best for liquids or powders Refl e Arbit Back Su er best for thin films Refl u amp e 2 Pos Thk Su er amp u reflection only requires 2 measurements slow best for liquid powder magnetic materials 3 10 Measurement Tutorial For details do one m Select the measurement model of interest in the setup menu m Refer to chapter 8 Software Reference 5 Waveguide Calibration Section 5 Waveguide Calibration and Measurement Example Note This is an example of an X band waveguide calibration and measurement with a MS DOS driven HP 8720 vector network analyzer system If you are not familiar with network analyzers waveguide or the calibration process you should read and perform this example sequence before measuring you
20. 1200 18 0 067 436989 12 5211 0 2601 4 4217 0 1180 19 0 068462695 12 5174 0 2510 4 4139 0 1150 20 0 069488400 12 5139 0 2578 4 4163 0 1166 21 0 070514105 12 5179 0 2518 4 4211 0 1154 22 0 071539810 12 5142 0 2528 4 4177 0 1164 23 0 072565516 12 5156 0 2492 4 4230 0 1165 Figure 8 19 Polyiron Measurement in Tabular Re amp Tan d Format There are four traces for presenting permittivity or permeability data with the HP 85071 software The traces are called Data Memory 1 Memory 2 and Memory 3 Each time a measurement is taken the calculated materials measurement is placed in the Data trace The active data trace can be saved into any of the other 3 traces for comparison to other measurements Any combination of the four traces can be displayed at a time The traces are presented in different colors if your computer has a color display Trace indicators lt D lt 1 lt 2 and lt 3 are placed on the display to help identify each trace Trace mathematics can be performed on each trace with any one of the traces defined as the reference trace Trace math can be defined as ref each trace divided by the reference trace This format is useful for the ratio comparison of measurements Two like traces yield a ratio near 1 ref the reference trace subtracted from each trace This format shows the difference between measurements Two like traces yield a difference near 0 Data gt memory Disp
21. 8 2 Dw Lotus 1 2 3 Method I Importing Numbers without the Header ee Lotus 1 2 3 Method II Two Imports and a Copy Import the Text o a a Import the Numbers aoaaa aa Erase the Excess Numbers 2 Parse the Column Headings 20a aaa Move the Data Under the Headings Discard the Last Line of Text 2 a aaa Lotus 1 2 3 Method III One Import and a Parse 1 Import the Text o aaa a 2 Parse the Column Headings 2 3 Parse the Data 2 eee 4 Discard the Last Line of Text 2 aa Importing Data into Microsoft Excel Aner WN Re Importing Data into Word Processors Accessing HP BASIC Data Files 2 In Case of Difficulty Introduction 1 Common Problems and Solutions 2 2 Before You Contact HP 2 a a a Section 1 MS DOS Error Messages 2 0 0 2 Section 2 HP BASIC Error Messages 2 Operator s Check Procedure for MS DOS Software Version HP 85071 Software Check 2 2 a a ae Procedure for HP BASIC Software Version HP 85071 Software Check 2 2 a a ae Ordering Supplies Introduction 1 Literature 2 2 a a Hewlett Packard Literature Public Technical Papers a a Software Reference Setup Menu aaa e Set frequency 2 a a ee Start freq amp Stop freq a Freq step 1 ww we Numpts 2 ee H
22. DEVICE HPMM SYS EXCLUDE DCO0 E000 Put the original floppy disk away for safe keeping Use the Windows Setup Program to enable the Program Manager to run the HP 85071 application see the Microsoft Windows User s Guide For National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB II or GPIB IIA Interface Card Systems l Copy the program from the floppy disk to the hard disk At the DOS prompt type COPY A HP85071 NAT C MATERIAL HP85071 EXE and press ENTER Install the interface card by following the directions in Using Your GP IB Software with Microsoft Windows a manual supplied with the card Both the interface card and the GP IB software must be versions that operate under Windows 3 0 or 3 1 In case of difficulty or to arrange for an upgrade contact National Instruments 3 Put the original floppy disk away for safe keeping Use the Windows Setup Program to enable the Program Manager to run the HP 85071 application see the Microsoft Windows User s Guide Connect the computer network analyzer cables and peripherals as shown below For HP 8753 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set For HP 8510 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set and source Different systems require various cables and adapters These items are listed in HP s RE Microwave amp Millimeter Wave Measurement Accessories Catalog and the Test and Measurement
23. DPFC data parse format line create command This will insert a row just above the heading row that is Lotus 1 2 3 s best guess at how to parse the heading The guess is correct for the next parse Issue the input column command Select both the current row and all the data below by typing a and then pressing the END and down arrow This will select the entire column of text labels Press ENTER to execute Type O and press ENTER to set the output range the currently selected cell is the destination of the parsed result Type G to execute the go command 4 Discard the Last Line of Text There will be one last text label at the end of the data This can be removed by pressing the END key and then the down arrow to get to the last cell and then using the RE range erase command to clear This assumes that Excel is running and the data file to be imported is in the current directory There is only one step to importing the data into Excel Choose the file open command and change the file box to read PRN instead of XL Once Excel has read the directory it will display all the files with a PRN extension Choose the desired data file This will take a little while as the file is read the percent completion will indicate how this is proceeding Once this command is completed the data is ready to be used There are a large number of word processors that this file can be read into Your do
24. Equations COAXIAL d1 d2 d3 d4 Figure 8 6 Coaxial Air Gap Correction Calculation Dimensions Coaxial Dimension Equivalents d d4 Coaxial Permittivity Equations 1 1 L E c m Ls Li A Ls er l ef 2 m Ls Ind 7 Em Coaxial Permeability Equations 1 Up L3 La u L HO H Ls m La Waveguide Equations WAVEGUIDE neglect gaps along a Figure 8 7 Waveguide Air Gap Correction Calculation Dimensions Waveguide Dimension Equivalents a large width of waveguide not relevant b small width of waveguide d small width of sample 8 10 Software Reference Verify estimate Setup Menu Waveguide Permittivity Equations d e d e mg b del No d Gn b fe fh a Jb b del Waveguide Permeability Equations fb b d Mer LmR d d b woo H a MeR vnn 4 Sample holder offers a choice of coax waveguide or freespace It can also display a lookup table to select one of two types of coax or a dozen types of waveguide The Lookup table also allows setting these to nominal m Start stop frequency a Cutoff frequency a Air gap parameters Enter the distances and dimensions in the desired physical units Acknowledge your entries with OK Selecting Cancel does not change the current values This command presents the software s estimate of the calculated materials parameter at the first measure
25. Grid is composed of the x axis and y axis graticules on which the data is plotted Traces are graphs of measurement data They are the measured values of permittivity plotted on the grid When the software first starts up no measurement traces are presented Annotation is the text on the instrument display which describes the frequency range of the measurement the format of the display the scaling of the display and any display titles Now that you have installed the software and hardware loaded the program and learned the basic operator interface techniques you are ready to make a measurement Please continue with chapter 3 Measurement Tutorial Getting Started 2 23 Measurement Tutorial Introduction The five sections of this chapter provide a tutorial introduction to the HP 85071 materials measurement software 1 General Overview summarizes the measurement and data reduction process 2 Calibration Considerations discusses calibrating various network analyzer for use with the software 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations compares the different types of sample holders and the preparation of materials samples 4 Measurement Models reviews each of the data reduction models available for use with the software 5 Waveguide Calibration and Measurement Example is a step by step example procedure of a waveguide calibration and measurement ection l1 Genera e software is designed to calculate material
26. Load 3 16 Measure the Three Standards at Port2 3 17 Measure the Transmission Standards 3 17 Conclude the Calibration 0 222 3 17 Measure a Sample Material 2 2 2 3 18 Seale the Display o a a a a a 3 18 Change the Format of the Data 2 2 3 19 Save the Measurement Data to Memory 3 20 Seeing the Effects of Cable Movement 3 20 Viewing More Than One Trace 3 20 Compare the Traces with Trace Math 3 21 Print or Plot the Data 200202 38 22 Format Sets Print versus Plot 2 022 3 23 Saving Information 0 3 23 To Save the Test Setup to Disk 2 2 2 a aaa 3 23 Saving Measurement Data 042 2 3 24 To Save To Disk 2 a a a a a 3 24 To Save To Memory 08 3 24 To Save Data Files To Disk oa a a a aa a a 3 24 Recalling Information aoa a a a a 3 24 To Recall a Test Setup from Disk 2 aa aa 3 24 Recalling Measurement Data 02 3 25 To Recall from Disk 2 2 a 3 25 To Recall From Memory 2 2 3 25 To Recall Data Files from Disk 2 2 2 2 3 25 Conclusion 2 a a a 3 25 Contents 3 Contents 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques Introduction 1 ee Traceable Reference Measurements and Materials Air Gap Correction 2 2 ee Sample Holder Length Loss 2 Accessing MS DOS Data Files 02 Importing Data into Lotus 1 2
27. Parameters toc andy Section 2 Calibration Considerations Calibration Notes 2 2 a HP 8510 Considerations 0222842 HP 8719 HP 8720 HP 8722 HP 8753 Considerations Reflection Transmission Test Set Considerations Section 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations Sample Holder 02 2 2 004 Coaxial versus Waveguide Sample Holders Free Space 2 aa a Dimensions of Holder and Sample Sample Holder Length 2 2 2 Distance to Sample 02 2 04084 Sample Thickness 2 1 eee es 3 8 Other Factors 2 2 eee 3 8 Air Gap Correction 202 084 3 9 Section 4 Measurement Models 222 3 10 Section 5 Waveguide Calibration and Measurement Example 1 ee a 3 11 How to Begin a Waveguide Calibration 3 11 Start the HP 85071 Software Program 3 11 Set Up the Measurement First 202 2 3 12 Change Start Frequency to 8 2 GHz 3 12 Change Stop Frequency to 12 4 GHz 3 12 Change Num Ptsto5l 0242 3 13 OK the Changes and Exit the Dialog Box 3 13 Define the Model 2 2 3 13 Define the Sample Holder 2 0202 3 14 Perform the Calibration 0202 3 15 Stabilize the Cable and Measure the First Standard Flush Short 2 0 2 2 02084 3 15 Measure the Second Standard 1 4 Wavelength Offset Short 2 2 ee 3 16 Measure the Third Standard Fixed
28. can be expressed as e ef j ev where e Re Permittivity ev Im Permittivity e is often referred to as dielectric constant e is often referred to as loss factor and is used to determine how lossy the material is ef is proportional to the amount of microwave energy absorbed in the material By definition e is a positive quantity However e7 lt 0 can be measured due to noise if ev is near 0 This is not unusual It is often convenient to look at the ratio e e This ratio is called the loss tangent The complex permeability 4 or u can be expressed as u w j u where w Re Permittivity ul Im Permittivity For measurement models that are dielectric only Refl Tran e Prec n Refl Tran e Fast Refl e Short Back and Refl e Arbit Back the software assigns u 1 j 0 at each measurement frequency Selecting a display format simply presents the 1 j O values The commands for changing the display formats in the format menu are these Software Reference 8 17 Format Menu e Select to display the real part of permittivity versus frequency The real part of permittivity e is often referred to as the dielectric constant HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output 15 00 14 00 13 00 12 00 ia a OS mbt Ll 11 00 10 00 0 050000000 GHz 20 000
29. exists called HP IB IEEE 488 or GP IB The computer must also have this interface to control the network analyzer Control panel settings in Windows can change the serial RS 232 communications protocol by overriding definitions in the AUTOEXEC BAT file AUTOEXEC BAT is an automatically executed on power up batch file located on the root directory It usually contains commands to configure the communications ports Windows ignores AUTOEXEC BAT commands when controlling a printer via a serial port However if a printer was working successfully before installing Windows it may help to examine AUTOEXEC BAT as explained below and modify the communications port settings to match it Parallel ports are not affected by Windows Several parameters define the communications protocol used by serial RS 232 ports The protocol must match that of the printer Some printers are capable of changing their serial protocol via small switches or other controls Refer to the printers manual for details These are the parameters and most common values for HP printers a BAUD rate 9600 4800 2400 1200 19200 300 m Parity None Even Odd Number of data bits word length 8 7 6 m Number of stop bits 1 1 5 2 m Handshake type o Hardware DTR Printer Busy o None XON XOFF To change the communications protocol used by Windows access the control panel and enter the changes The AUTOEXEC BAT File Cables Printer Setting
30. i I m e e e e e e el a e A el a j BRR dOdOdONYONYNYE n NNMONMNNMNNMNNNNNMNNN LY Do ooo NaN h NNMNNMNNMNNMNMDND pe 1 Contents 1 Contents 2 HP 85071 Windows Software Fundamentals How to Exit the Program 2 2 2 Conclusion 2 a Tips for Using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft Windows 2 1 a a Software 2 a a a Setting Up Windows 0 Control Panel Settings Add New Printer 0 24824 Connections 2 ee Communications Port 08 The AUTOEXEC BAT File a a a a a a Cables oa a a a Printer Settings oa a a Define plot in the HP 85071 Software Other Files Worth Knowing About a aaa Conclusion aoa a a a SECTION 2 HP BASIC Version of the Software System Requirements oo a a a a a a Computer oaoa a a BASIC and Binaries o a a a a IEEE 488 HP IB Interface 0a a aa aaa Printers and Plotters 0 Network Analyzer and Test Set 2 0200002 Installation 2 2 a Howto Use Menus 2 204 How to Make Menu Selections 2 2 HP 85071 HP BASIC Software Fundamentals Conclusion 2 a Measurement Tutorial Introduction 1 Section 1 General Overview 00 Sample Shapes 2 0 ee ee Calibrating the System 02422 Measuring the MUT s S Parameters Converting the S
31. into Lotus 1 2 3 Excel or anything else the one file will import into almost any other program since it is in ASCII format The detailed instructions below are specific to Lotus 1 2 3 and Excel For instructions on importing into a particular word processor see the hints in the paragraph titled Importing Data into Word Processors If that information is insufficient consult the documentation for the word processor under Importing ASCII Files The three methods described here are different ways of dealing with the limitation that Lotus 1 2 3 can import both text and numbers but cannot import both simultaneously The header information at the top of the data file needs to be imported in text mode and the data needs to be imported in number mode for it to be useful If you do not require the header information for your calculations use method I Otherwise the method you choose is mostly a matter of preference All three methods assume that you have Lotus 1 2 3 running it is in the READY mode and the data file you are importing is in the current directory with a PRN extension This quick method is useful when the textual header information is of no value to your spreadsheet Move to the upper left corner of the range where you wish to import the data and execute the FIN file import number command This will take a little while as it reads in the file The data is ready to be used 4 2 Advanced Measurement Te
32. of the calculated materials parameters at each measurement frequency If the measurement model gives magnetic and dielectric parameters then the real and imaginary parts of both u and are listed HP85071B Display Scale Output Setup Measure Format Reference math OFF Title Pt oon one wh m 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Frequency GHz 0 050000000 0 051025705 0 052051 411 O 053077116 0 054102821 0 055128526 0 056154232 0 057179937 0 058205642 0 059231 347 0 060257053 0 061282758 0 062308463 0 063334168 0 064359874 0 065385579 0 066411284 0 067 436989 0 068462695 0 069488400 0 070514105 0 071539810 0 072565516 Ep real 12 5681 12 5700 12 5752 12 5776 12 5711 12 5688 12 5654 12 5625 12 5586 12 5537 12 5575 12 5529 12 5486 12 5451 12 5403 12 5385 12 5291 12 5211 12 5174 12 5139 12 5179 12 5142 12 5156 Data tand 0 01945 0 02058 0 02114 0 02149 0 02193 0 02250 0 02231 0 02157 0 02268 0 02252 0 02265 0 02245 0 02167 0 02171 0 02182 0 02138 0 02086 0 02077 0 02005 0 02060 0 02012 0 02020 0 01991 Mu real 4 4256 4 4351 4 4382 4 4369 4 4379 4 4427 4 4356 4 4349 4 4358 4 4348 4 4429 4 4419 4 4402 4 4398 4 4321 4 4336 4 4273 4 4217 4 4139 4 4163 4 4211 4 4177 4 4230 Data tand 0 01908 0 02098 0 02397 0 02579 0 02641 0 02838 0 02768 0 02693 0 02841 0 02958 0 02890 0 02962 0 028
33. printers and plotters contact HP at a HP Customer Support Center 1 208 323 2551 or m Boise Printer Division Printer Plotter SUPPORT Building 21 Mailstop 516 11311 Chinden Blvd Boise ID 83714 USA After installing the drivers Windows must be told which computer interface to associate or connect with each driver Access the control panel to do so Here you choose connections such as PCL HP LaserJet on LPT1 HP Plotter on COM1 HP QuietJet on None LPT1 and COMI refer to the type of hardware interface or port through which computers and printers communicate You must determine which type of interface your printer uses and enter that information The two main types of interfaces also have associated logical ports A logical port is a specific address and interrupt level Getting Started 2 13 1 MS DOS Communications Port 2 14 Getting Started which the computer associates with a physical port and through which it communicates Table 2 1 Interface Common Name Logical Ports Serial RS 232 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 Parallel Centronics LPT1 LPT2 LPT3 Logical ports are assigned to physical ports by setting small switches or jumpers on the interface card These cards are loaded into a slot on the rear panel of the computer Refer to the computer or interface documentation to determine what you have and select the logical port in the control panel accordingly A third type of hardware interface
34. supplied If you have not installed BASIC or the binaries previously or if you are unsure of the hardware or software requirements refer to HP BASIC Installation in section 2 of chapter 2 Check the integrity of the HP 85071 software by copying it to another disk The HP 85071 software program resides in a single file on the HP 85071 program disk a floppy disk The name of the file is HP85071B 1 Insert the HP 85071 program disk in the disk drive 2 Use the COPY command in HP BASIC to copy the program to another disk drive The syntax of the COPY command is COPY FILENAME MSUS to FILENAME MSUS where MSUS is short for mass storage unit specifier MSUS s are typically of the form 700 1 where 700 is the drive address and 1 is the drive number For example to copy the program from drive address 700 drive 0 to drive address 700 drive 1 type COPY HP85071B 700 0 TO HP85071B 700 1 3 Put the original away for safe keeping If the software loads successfully without error messages or warnings its integrity is good If you experience any problems make sure that BASIC and the binaries are properly installed then repeat the steps above If problems persist refer to chapter 5 In Case of Difficulty Ordering Supplies Introduction This chapter lists the part number of the materials measurement manual and other materials measurement literature Table 7 1 Orderable Mater
35. 00 Reg 12 00 6 000 q Dashboard 4 000 0 000 0 200000000 GHz 20 000000 Figure 2 4 Graphic Showing a Window Work Area and Application Icon How to Use a Mouse A mouse is a hand held pointing device As the mouse is moved across the desk a pointer moves on the screen Mice have one two or three buttons All HP 85071 software actions require only one button the main mouse button This is the left most button on the mouse However on multi bottoned mice you can use the right most button to trigger a measurement Note 1 MS DOS MAIN MOUSE BUTTON Figure 2 5 Mouse and Location of Main Mouse Button These terms describe operations with the mouse m Point to move the tip of the mouse pointer on top of something on the screen m Click to quickly press and release the mouse button m Double click to quickly press and release the mouse button twice in succession a Drag to hold down the mouse button move the mouse until the pointer is at the desired location then release the main button m Release to quit holding down the mouse button m Select to point on a menu How to Use Drop Down Menus Drop down menus are lists of commands that drop down from the top of the screen when selected The names of the software menus appear on the menu bar at the top of the window d
36. 000000 1 0001 0 0000 0 9998 0 0000 i 24 10 132000000 1 0001 0 0000 1 0002 0 0000 Figure 3 14 Example of Tabular Re amp Im Format Measurement Tutorial 3 19 5 Measurement Example Save the Measurement Data to Memory Seeing the Effects of Cable Movement Viewing More Than One Trace Note 3 20 Measurement Tutorial 3 Return to the original format of e versus frequency as a graph Often it is important to compare two or more different materials or measurements To ease such comparisions the software can display up to four separate traces the data trace memory 1 memory 2 and memory 3 The data trace is usually the calculated data of the current measurement unless a previous measurement has been recalled from memory Performing another measurement erases the current data unless it is first saved as explained below To save the current measurement data 1 Select Display in the main menu 2 Select Data gt memory in the display menu 3 Select Memory 1 for example and OK Now the trace of memory is a duplicate of the data trace although it may not be visible the two traces are on top of each other since they are the same As explained earlier moving the cable or fixtures after calibration introduces measurement inaccuracies To see this effect 1 Change the position of the cable or fixture For example if it is lying on a work surface raise it several inches 2 Measure th
37. 000000 GHz Figure 8 12 Polyiron Measurement in e Format e Select e to display the imaginary part of permittivity versus frequency In the figure below the measurement anomoly that occurs around 2 GHz is non physical There is a corresponding artifically high loss in pt at the same frequency HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 1 000 0 700 0 400 0 100 N DRE Aii if A 0 200 i lt 40 0 500 0 050000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 13 Polyiron Measurement in e Format 8 18 Software Reference Format Menu Loss tangent e Select Loss tangent e to display e e versus frequency HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 Loss tangent e 0 100 0 070 0 040 0 010 a B 0 020 0 050 0 050000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 14 Polyiron Measurement in Loss Tangent e Format Cole Cole Select Cole Cole to display the data formated with ev on the vertical axis and amp on the horizontal axis In this format frequency is an independent parameter and not displayed This measurement is most useful for materials such as water with polar responses Software Re
38. 01701 Time 18 34 48 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 10 Title Menu MS DOS Version This feature applies to two models m Refl Tran u amp e N R m Refl Tran e Fast When selected this command limits measurements to forward measurements only S and S21 As a result a All four S parameters need not be measured a Reflection transmission test sets are sufficient m Position invariance of the sample is lost This feature appears in the full menu mode only see Short menus Full menus part of the setup menu Software Reference 8 15 Measure Menu Retrieve measurement 8 16 Software Reference Retrieve measurement is displayed in the full menu mode It is a valid choice only when the sample holder and sample thickness have been defined When selected it displays one of three dialog boxes m Retrieving measurement m Measure Retrieve backing Measure Retrieve sample Retrieving measurement This dialog box appears as the software recalculates the measurement with one of these models a Refl Tran u amp e N R a Refl Tran e Prec n a Refl Tran e Fast a Refl e Short Back To stop the recalculation select Cancel Cancellation may not be immediate Measure Retrieve Backing The dialog box choices below appear with the Refl e Arbit Back model Sample amp backin
39. 35 0 02916 0 02942 0 02767 0 02711 0 02669 0 02607 0 02641 0 02611 0 02634 0 02634 Figure 8 18 Polyiron Measurement in Tabular Re amp Im Format Software Reference 8 21 Format Menu Tabular Re amp Tan d Display Menu 8 22 Software Reference Select Tabular Re amp tan d to display a listing of the dielectric constant and loss tangent at each measurement frequency If the measurement model gives magnetic and dielectric parameters then the real part and loss tangent of both u and are listed HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Reference math OFF Title Frequency Ep Data Mu Data Ptit GHz real imag real imag 1 0 050000000 12 5681 0 2444 4 4256 0 0844 2 0 051025705 12 5700 0 2588 4 4351 0 0931 3 0 052051411 12 5752 0 2658 4 4382 0 1064 4 0 053077116 12 5776 0 2703 4 4369 0 1144 5 0 054102821 12 5711 0 2757 4 4379 0 1172 6 0 055128526 12 5688 0 2827 4 4427 0 1261 7 0 056154232 12 5654 0 2803 4 4356 0 1229 8 0 057179937 12 5625 0 2710 4 4349 0 1194 9 0 058205642 12 5586 0 2849 4 4358 0 1260 10 0 059231347 12 5537 0 2827 4 4348 0 1312 11 0 060257053 12 5575 0 2844 4 4429 0 1284 12 0 061282758 12 5529 0 2819 4 4419 0 1315 13 0 062308463 12 5486 0 2720 4 4402 0 1259 14 0 063334168 12 5451 0 2723 4 4398 0 1295 15 0 064359874 12 5403 0 2736 4 4321 0 1304 16 0 065385579 12 5385 0 2680 4 4336 0 1227 17 0 066411284 12 5291 0 2614 4 4273 0
40. 8 HP IB Interface Getting Started Test Set The computer must have an HP IB interface to control the network An HP IB printer can be used to produce tabular listings of measurement results or printer facsimiles of graphed data A number of HP IB printers may operate properly with the software but have not been tested The following printer has been tested to insure compatibility with the program and is therefore recommended for use with the software a HP 2225A ThinkJet printer with HP IB interface option HP IB plotters can also be used to produce hardcopy graphs of the data A number of HP IB plotters may operate properly with the software but have not been tested The following plotters have been tested to insure compatibility with the program and are therefore recommended for use with the software a HP 7440A ColorPro eight pen plotter with HP IB interface option a HP 7470A two pen graphics plotter with HP IB interface option a HP 7475A two pen graphics plotter with HP IB interface option a HP 7550A graphics plotter The HP 85071 software is designed to work with the network analyzer configurations described below The default HP IB address is 16 m HP 8752A this network analyzer contains a reflection transmission test set as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements The network analyzer has these limitations o Refl Tran u amp e N R model supported in the accurate sample po
41. Calibration Cable to Port 2 Reference Plane 9 Cable to Port 1 Cable to Port 2 Sample Holder Length 0 a gt o _ J Waveguide Adaptor Sample Holder Waveguide Adaptor Figure 3 2 Samples in Waveguide Coaxial and Free Space To calibrate without the sample holder in place measure the holder mechanically as precisely as possible Enter this length in the sample holder menu As shown below the calibration reference planes are the ends of the waveguide adapters or coax cable ends Cable to Port 1 Calibration Gable ta Port 2 Reference Planes a Waveguide Adaptor Reference Planes a Sample Holder _ Length _ C C Waveguide Adaptor Sample Holder Waveguide Adaptor Figure 3 3 Sample Holder Reference Planes Cable to Port 1 Calibration Cable to Port 2 To verify the sample holder length after calibration m Attach the sample holder to the calibration reference planes m Measure the sample holder empty co If the dielectric constant is calculated as about 1 0006 air the length is correctly entered a If the value is not about 1 0006 vary the entered length and use the recalculate feature to close in on the correct number If the value does not approach 1 0006 recalibrate the system see section 5 for an example Distance to Sample This dimension is the distance from the port calibration reference plane to the sample It should be precisely measured when required by the mode
42. Catalog Getting Started 2 5 1 MS DOS Starting the HP 85071 Software 2 6 Getting Started PRINTER RS 232 or CENTRONICS COMPUTER ANALYZER oooo0000 D HP IB WAVEGUIDE FLANGES ADAPTERS OR MOUSE CABLE ENDS Figure 2 1 Typical MS DOS System Connection Diagram The connections for a typical system are shown above Other systems are similar Follow these suggestions m Computer system connect keyboard mouse etc with instructions provided m Printer or plotter connect device to Centronics parallel connector RS 232 serial connector or HP IB connector of computer m Network analyzer connect to HP IB connector of computer m Cables connect to ports 1 and 2 of the network analyzer or test set if they are separate instruments If your system uses a printer or plotter the term is used generically and you know how to connect it to the computer do so now Otherwise connect it later when directed 1 Start up Windows at the DOS prompt type WIN 1 MS DOS HP8S070B Figure 2 2 Windows Program Manager System 2 Double click on the HP 85071 icon to start the program The HP 85071 copyright screen appears with the copyright statement 3 Click in the OK box The main menu screen below replaces the copyright screen Windows Compatible The HP 85071 materials measurement software is
43. HP 8510B or C firmware revision 5 0 or higher is required NOTE the HP 8510A is not supported by the software but can be upgraded to an HP 8510C with the HP 85103C upgrade kit Installation Microsoft DOS Installation Microsoft Windows Installation First Microsoft DOS then Windows and finally the HP 85071 software should be installed on the hard disk to run the materials measurement program Microsoft DOS must be installed on the computer s hard disk If you are configuring the computer for the first time or installing a new version of DOS refer to the Microsoft DOS installation documentation Microsoft Windows is an extension of the MS DOS operating environment and features a sophisticated graphical user interface Version 3 0 or 3 1 must be installed on the computer s hard disk to install and run the HP 85071 materials measurement software To install Windows run the SETUP program provided with Windows The SETUP program will ask what type of computer keyboard mouse display and peripherals are in the system If the information provided by the SETUP program is insufficient or confusing refer to the Windows documentation for details If you want to install your printer or plotter now keep in mind the following m You must specify which printers and plotters are to be used when running the materials measurement program m You must load drivers for any printers or plotters with the SETUP program It is recom
44. ICONS gt COMMAND BUTTONS LIST BOX Figure 2 7 Example of Dialog Box Text boxes provide a space to type directories or file names from the keyboard m To see all of the files in a new directory type the directory name in the text box Then click OK a A file name can be typed into the text box It can begin with a drive letter followed if needed by a directory name The file name itself is usually followed by a three character file extension A period separates the file name and extension For example C WINDOWS HP85071 TESTL TST is a valid file name The HP 85071 materials measurement software program is a Windows application program The techniques for using the HP 85071 software are the same as the techniques used for running other Windows application programs The HP 85071 display window and its components are shown below HP 85071 Format Display Seale Qutput ANNOTATION oe GRID HP85071 INSTRUMENT o0 0 200000000 GHz 20 00000000 GHz DATA TRACE Figure 2 8 Principal Components of the Software Screen Annotation is the text on the instrument display which describes the frequency range of the measurement the permittivity of the MUT the format of the display the scaling of the display and any display titles Grid is composed of the x axis and y axis lines on which the data is plotted Instrument displa
45. N R Full 2 Port Sit S21 Sie S22 One Path 2 Port S11 Se Refl Tran e Pree n Full 2 Port Sit S21 Sie S22 Refl Tran e Fast Full 2 Port Sit S21 Sie S22 One Path 2 Port S11 Se Refl e Short Back S l Port S Refl e Arbit Back S l Port S Refl u amp e Sing Dbl Sy l Port S HP 8510 Calibrations and measurements should be made with the signal source Considerations n a synthesized mode of operation at each measurement frequency With the HP 8510 this dictates the use of the stepped CW STEP in the stimulus menu sweep mode When the HP 8510 is used in the stepped CW mode 128 averages can be used without affecting the measurement speed appreciably Measurements with the HP 8350 sweeper are not supported with the HP 85071 software 3 4 Measurement Tutorial HP 8719 HP 8720 HP 8722 HP 8753 Considerations Reflection Transmission Test Set Considerations 2 Calibration Considerations Calibrations and measurements should be made with the signal source in a frequency step mode of operation at each measurement frequency There is a minimum sweep time which allows the analyzer to operate in the step mode This minimum sweep time is a function of sweep range IF bandwidth and the number of measurement frequencies If an arrow follows along the trace of the network analyzer CRT as a sweep is taken the analyzer is in step mode If not either reduce the IF bandwidth the preferred tactic or increase the s
46. Notice Hewlett Packard to Agilent Technologies Transition This documentation supports a product that previously shipped under the H ewlett Packard company brand name The brand name has now been changed to Agilent Technologies The two products are functionally identical only our name has changed The document still includes references to Hewlett Packard products some of which have been transitioned to Agilent Technologies 0d Bee Agilent Technologies Printed in USA March 2000 User s Manual HP 85071B Materials Measurement Software LA Patkar Printed in USA HP part number 85071 90004 Printed in USA April 1993 Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice Hewlett Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1993 All Rights Reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95403 1799 USA MS DOS is a U S registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Microsoft is a U S registered t
47. P BASIC versions of software 2 1 MUT measurement example 3 18 Index 3 Index 4 new features of software 1 4 non repeatable measurements causes of 5 1 number of points 8 2 num pts 8 2 operator s check 6 1 ordering supplies 7 1 output menu 8 26 overview of software 3 1 command 8 27 plotter won t plot message 5 1 command 8 27 printer won t print message 5 1 printing or plotting data example of 3 22 problems how to solve 5 1 read me file 2 4 real and imaginary tabular format 8 21 real and tan d tabular format 8 22 command 8 15 Recall data command 8 29 recalling a test setup example of 3 24 recalling data files example of 3 25 recalling information summary of 3 24 Recall setup command 8 13 recommended test equipment 1 4 reference materials traceable 4 1 Reference trace command 8 24 Refl e Arbit Back model 8 6 Reflection e Arbitrary Back model 8 6 Reflection e Short Back model 8 6 Reflection Only Epsilon Arbitrary Backed Model summary of 1 2 Reflection Only Epsilon Short Backed Model summary of 1 2 Reflection Only Mu and Epsilon Single Double Model summary of 1 2 Reflection Transmission e Fast model 8 5 Reflection Transmission e Precision model 8 5 Reflection Transmission Epsilon Fast Model summary of 1 1 Reflection Transmission Epsilon Precision Model summary of 1 1 Reflection Transmission Mu and Epsilon Nicholson Ross Model summ
48. PIB IIA Interface Card Systems below For HP 82335B Interface Card Systems 1 Copy the program from the floppy disk to the hard disk At the DOS prompt type COPY A HP85071 HP C MATERIAL HP85071 EXE and press ENTER Note The HPIB DLL file must be copied into a directory included in the DOS PATH The DOS PATH is typically set up by the AUTOEXEC BAT file during bootup of the PC 2 To see the directories in the DOS PATH at the DOS prompt type PATH and press ENTER 3 Copy the HPIB DLL file to a directory in PATH For instance to copy the file to the WINDOWS directory at the DOS prompt type COPY A HPIB DLL C WINDOWS HPIB DLL and press ENTER 4 Add an EMMEXCLUDE line in the 886ENH section of your SYS INI file to exclude the memory range of the HP IB card a Run the HPIBSTAT EXE program 2 4 Getting Started Note Hardware Installation 1 MS DOS b Add the recommended line For example with the card at select code 7 include this line EMMEXCLUDE DCO0 DFFF If your system includes an EMM modify the CONFIG SYS file to exclude the memory range used by the interface card Several examples follow but each EMM uses its own syntax so you may need to refer to the EMM documentation The examples are for the HP IB cards at select code 7 For HPEMMGR DEVICE HPEMMGR SYS X DCOO DFFF For EMM3886 DEVICE EMM386 EXE X DCOO DFFF For HPEMM886 DEVICE HPEMM386 SYS EXCLUDE DC00 E000 For HPMM
49. able from Microwave Instruments Division Santa Rosa CA Ordering Supplies 7 1 HP BASIC Error Messages Public Technical 7 2 Ordering Supplies Papers To obtain copies of these papers contact the organization or publisher listed a M Afsar et al Measurement of the Properties of Materials proceedings of the IEEE volume 74 number 1 January 1986 This is an excellent short survey of many methods Taken together the methods span a wide frequency range With its 187 references it is a good starting point for beginners a H M Altschuler Dielectric Constant chapter 9 of Handbook of Microwave Measurements by M Sucher and J Fox Wiley 1963 This is a good technical reference covering high frequency techniques It contains detailed procedures and equations but using a slotted line instead of a network analyzer a ASTM Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity Dielectric Constant of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Standard D 150 87 American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia PA 19103 The US authority on testing methods features great technical depth on parallel plate capacitor methods for low frequencies a Richard G Geyer Electrodynamics of Materials for Dielectric Measurement Standardization proceedings of the IEEE IM TC January 1990 A review of measurement concerns standards and traceability with examples of state of the art measurements i
50. able results can be overriden with the verify estimate command in the setup menu This presents the estimate that the software is making for the materials parameters at the first frequency If incorrect the estimate may be overridden at this point Measurement Tutorial 3 3 2 Calibration Considerations Section 2 Take care to store maintain and clean the calibration standards Calibration properly Refer to Hewlett Packard Application Note 326 Coaxial Systems Principles of Microwave Connector Care for reference Considerations information Calibration Notes Calibrate the system with the sample holder connected to the cable or waveguide adapter at port 2 for best results If this is not possible calibrate at the connection interface to the sample holder For a coaxial holder this is at the end of the test cables that attatch to the sample holder For the waveguide holder this is at the waveguide ends of the coax to waveguide adapters m Set frequency before calibration Calibrate the system manually from the front panel of the network analyzer Calibrate with the sample holder in place if possible see following section for details m Minimize cable movement after calibration Use sample holder same length as sample to avoid holder losses Table 3 1 Required Calibrations and S parameter Measurements for Calculation Models Model Name Calibration Measured S Parameters Refl Tran u amp e
51. able to communicate with the network analyzer Check HP IB connections or press on the network analyzer and select the RETRY software function There is not enough memory to run HP 85071 Close all other applications and try again There is no valid measurement The selected filename is too long Only eight characters are allowed DOS filenames can only be eight characters long The sample holder must be defined before a measurement can be taken Select Holder in the setup menu define sample thickness sample holder length and cutoff frequency Then measure again The selected frequency list mode not supported by the program The software cannot recall calibrations performed using frequency list mode This revision does not support more than xxx pts The entered number of points is greater than the software and network analyzer allow The single point mode is not supported by this program The software cannot recall calibrations performed using single point mode This software does not support the HP 8510A Only the HP 8510B and HP 8510C are supported by the software Upgrade the HP 8510A to a C with the upgrade kit see Network Analyzer and Test Set in chapter 2 In Case of Difficulty 5 5 HP BASIC Error Messages Section 2 HP BASIC Error Messages 5 6 In Case of Difficulty This section alphabetically lists the error messages of the HP BASIC version of the program The error messages are in bold
52. ace by filling in the buttons or underlining the choices Then acknowledge your selection with OK Selecting Cancel does not change which trace is defined as the reference trace Selecting Trace math presents a dialog box to select the type of trace math to be performed Choices for Math off ref and ref are presented Select the desired math operation with the button or the underline Acknowledge your selection with OK Selecting Cancel does not change the current math operation Trace math is performed on the data based on the current display format If the er format real part of permittivity is selected then the real parts of the two traces are either divided by or subtracted from each other If trace math is requested and no reference trace exists the software displays the data trace divided by or subtracted from itself a straight line in graphic form Scale Menu Autoscale Set scale Scale Menu The scale menu presents commands to select the maximum and minimum values for graphical display formats The scaling for each graphical display format e ev loss tangent e Cole Cole is retained with that format Thus when the graphical format is changed the scale will return to the same settings as the last time that format was selected All graphical formats have a Y axis maximum and minimum value which can be changed in the scale menu Setup Measure Format Display Help F1
53. acked Model Reflection Only Epsilon Arbitrary Backed Model Reflection Only Mu and Epsilon Single Double Model Items Supplied with the Software 8 First Steps 2 2 a a a About this Manual 02 200484 What This Manual Covers 4 Description of the Software 4 Software Features 2 2 a ee es Features New to this Revision Equipment Required 484 Recommended Test Equipment Getting Started Introduction 1 a Section 1 MS DOS Version of the Software Lo System Requirements 08 Computer 2 2 ee e Software oaoa aa a a IEEE 488 HP IB Interface 2a 0 a aaa aa Printers and Plotters 4 Network Analyzer and Test Set 2 Installation 2 a Microsoft DOS Installation 2 a aa a Microsoft Windows Installation 2 HP 85071 Software Installation 2 020 aaa HP IB and GP IB Interface Card Installation For HP 82335B Interface Card Systems For National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB I or GPIB IIA Interface Card Systems Hardware Installation 22484 Starting the HP 85071 Software 2 Windows Compatible Software Operation Microsoft Windows Basics 2 48 Howto Use a Mouse How to Use Drop Down Menus How to Use Dialog Boxes ooa a aaa a How to Use Dialog Boxes with File Names i 1 I 1 I 1
54. ainly useful you do not have to clear them 4 Parse the Column Headings This step is necessary only if you wish to keep the column headings with the columns of data In normal use and especially when there are many columns of data this is almost essential for keeping track of the data is each column The column heading is the row which starts with the word frequency Move down to this row and column the entire row will show up in the status bar at the top of the screen Issue the DPFC data parse format line create command This will insert a row just above the heading row that is Lotus 1 2 3 s best guess at how to parse the heading It will work for the current parse Next issue the input column command Select both the current row oom and the one below by typing a and then pressing the down arrow This will select two cells Then press ENTER to execute Set the output range type O and press ENTER because the currently selected cell is the destination of the parsed result Finally type G to execute the go command Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 3 5 Measurement Example Lotus 1 2 3 Method III One Import and a Parse 4 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques If the spreadsheet is to be printed it may be desirable to change the alignment of the headings This can be done by editing each heading and replacing the leading single quote with a caret for centering or a double quote
55. all or perform a one port calibration for any of these models m Reflection only e short backed m Reflection only e arbitrary backed m Reflection only 4 and e single double thickness A one port calibration is not on Recall or perform a calibration You must recall or perform a two port calibration for any of the Refl Tran models before making a measurement Calibration does not match the current setup A measurement was triggered but the frequency range of the calibration in the network analyzer does not match the setup in the software The software will not allow measurment Calibration does not match the current setup The setup will be modified A measurement was triggered but the frequency range of the calibration in the network analyzer does not match the setup in the software The software will change its frequency range to match the calibration Cannot find plotter or Problem with plotter The program is unable to communicate with the hardcopy device when performing a plot operation Recheck the cabling to the hardcopy device or make sure that it is properly installed in the Windows Control Panel Try to communicate with this device with another Windows application In Case of Difficulty 5 3 MS DOS Error Messages Cannot find printer or Problem with printer The program is unable to communicate with the hardcopy device when performing a print operation Recheck the cabling to the hardcopy device or make sure that it is p
56. alues or change them as appropriate Select Default to return the graph to the default scale defined in the software After the display is rescaled the program returns to the main menu Output Menu 8 26 Software Reference The output menu presents commands to plot graphs print tables and save and recall measurement data to disk for future analysis or for analysis by other application programs For details on analyzing data files with other programs refer to Accessing Data Files in chapter 4 Print Plot Define plot Output Menu Setup Measure Format Display Scale 1 Plot F3 e 20 00 Define plot Save data D 16 00 Recall data 12 00 8 000 4 000 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 23 Output Menu MS DOS Version In the MS DOS version of the program the peripherals are selected when installing the Microsoft Windows system See the Windows documentation for installing the Windows system and using the Windows Control Panel for adding or configuring peripherals with the Windows system These are the commands in the output menu Selecting this command produces a hardcopy printout of the materials data in the current tabular display format Print is presented as a choice only when the current display format is tabular Selecting Plot produces a hardco
57. an electric field 6 angle between real axis and vector representing sum of storage and loss vectors 0 90 6 H symbol for permeability use ur if relative to free space if complex u w ju imaginary part represents loss Index accurate measurement techniques 4 1 air gap calculations 8 9 air gap correction 4 1 air gap definition 8 9 Autoscale command 8 25 bad filename entered message what to do 5 1 brief description of software 1 1 cable movement example of its effect 3 20 cable problems how to avoid 5 1 cable stability 5 1 calculation models of software summary 1 1 calibrating the system 3 2 calibration considerations 3 4 calibration example 3 11 caution the caution symbol vi chapter summary 1 2 Cole Cole format 8 19 commands of software detailed 8 1 correction of air gap errors 4 1 cutoff frequency 8 8 data file example of saving 3 24 data files how to access 4 2 data files HP BASIC program to access 4 6 Data gt memory command 8 23 Default scale command 8 26 Define plot command 8 27 delete title 8 15 dialog box how to use 2 10 display menu 8 22 distance to sample 8 7 Index 1 Index 2 e format 8 18 e format 8 18 error messages HP BASIC 5 6 error messages MS DOS 5 3 example of cable movement effect 3 20 example of calibration 3 11 example of MUT measurement 3 18 example of plotting data 3 22 example of print
58. apter 2 section 1 If you are configuring the computer for the first time or installing a new version of DOS refer to the Microsoft DOS installation documentation If you are installing Windows for the first time refer to Microsoft Windows Installation chapter 2 section 1 Check the integrity of the HP 85071 software by copying it to the hard disk The following procedure assumes m Floppy disk is A m Hard disk is C To copy the program from the floppy disk to the hard disk 1 Insert the HP 85071 program disk in the floppy disk drive 2 On the hard disk make a directory dedicated for HP 85071 files At the DOS prompt type MKDIR C HP85071B and press ENTER 3 Copy the software from the floppy disk to the hard disk At the DOS prompt type COPY A C HP85071B and press ENTER 4 Put the original floppy disk away for safe keeping If the software loads successfully without error messages or warnings its integrity is good If you experience any problems make sure MS DOS and Windows are properly installed and repeat the Operator s Check 6 1 HP BASIC Error Messages software loading steps above If problems persist refer to chapter 5 In Case of Difficulty Procedure for HP BASIC Software Version HP 85071 Software Check 6 2 Operator s Check Before loading the software you must a Install Hewlett Packard BASIC operating system not supplied a Install the required binaries not
59. arse the Column Headings This step is necessary only if you wish to keep the column headings with the columns of data In normal use and especially when there are many columns of data this is almost essential for keeping track of the data is each column The column heading is the row which starts with the word frequency Move down to this row and column the entire row will show up in the status bar at the top of the screen Issue the DPFC data parse format line create command This will insert a row just above the heading row that is Lotus 1 2 3 s best guess at how to parse the heading The guess is correct for the upcoming parse Importing Data into Microsoft Excel Importing Data into Word Processors 5 Measurement Example Next issue the input column command Select both the current row and the one below by typing a and then pressing the down arrow This will select two cells Press ENTER to execute Set the output range type O and press ENTER because the currently selected cell is the destination of the parsed result Press G to execute the go command If the spreadsheet is to be printed it may be desirable to change the alignment of the headings This can be done by editing each heading and replacing the leading single quote with a caret for centering or a double quote for right justified 3 Parse the Data Move the highlight cursor to the first row of data Issue the
60. ary of 1 1 Reflection Transmission u amp e Nicolson Ross model 8 4 Reflection u amp e Single Double model 8 7 Refl e Short Back model 8 6 Refl Tran e Fast model 8 5 Refl Tran e Prec n model 8 5 Refl Tran u amp e N R model 8 4 Refl u amp e Sing Dbl model 8 7 ref trace math operation 8 22 ref trace math operation 8 22 Retrieve measurement command 8 16 retrieving measurement indicator 8 16 safety symbols vi sample composition 3 8 sample fit in holder 3 8 Sample holder command 8 7 sample holder definition 8 11 sample holder length 3 6 8 7 sample holder requirements 3 6 sample material measurement example 3 18 sample shapes types of 3 1 sample thickness 3 8 8 8 command 8 28 command 8 12 saving data example of 3 20 saving data files example of 3 24 saving information summary and example 3 23 saving measurement data example of 3 24 scale menu 8 25 scaling the display example of 3 18 command 8 2 command 8 25 setup menu 8 2 command 8 13 software brief description 1 1 software description of 1 3 software features 1 4 software general overview 3 1 software product license agreement v software reference 8 1 solutions to common problems 5 1 S parameters how used by software 3 2 start frequency how to set 8 2 Status bar command 8 13 stop frequency how to set 8 2 supplies how to order 7 1 sweep mode how to set 8 3 syste
61. as indicated on the screen To change the format of the data displayed 1 Select in the main menu 2 Select Tabular Re amp Im The display should resemble the one shown below Note that not all of the measurement values are visible Use the scroll bar on the right of the HP 85071 display to scroll through the data Setup Measure Format isplay Scale Output Reference math OFF Title Frequency Ep Data Mu Data Ptit GHz real imag real imag 1 8 200000000 0 9998 0 0001 1 0004 0 0004 2 8 284000000 0 9999 0 0001 0 9999 0 0000 3 8 368000000 1 0002 0 0000 0 9997 0 0000 4 8 452000000 1 0001 0 0001 0 9996 0 0001 5 8 536000000 1 0001 0 0000 0 9999 0 0001 6 8 620000000 1 0001 0 0000 0 9998 0 0001 7 8 704000000 1 0002 0 0000 0 9998 0 0002 8 8 788000000 1 0001 0 0001 0 9995 0 0001 9 8 872000000 1 0001 0 0001 1 0000 0 0001 10 8 956000000 1 0001 0 0001 0 9997 0 0002 11 9 040000000 1 0001 0 0000 0 9999 0 0001 12 9 124000000 1 0000 0 0001 1 0001 0 0001 13 9 208000000 1 0000 0 0001 1 0000 0 0000 14 9 292000000 1 0000 0 0001 1 0002 0 0001 15 9 376000000 0 9999 0 0000 1 0001 0 0000 16 9 460000000 0 9999 0 0001 0 9999 0 0001 17 9 544000000 1 0000 0 0000 1 0002 0 0002 18 9 628000000 1 0000 0 0001 0 9999 0 0002 19 9 712000000 0 9999 0 0000 0 9999 0 0001 20 9 796000000 1 0001 0 0001 1 0000 0 0001 21 9 880000000 1 0000 0 0001 0 9999 0 0001 22 9 964000000 1 0001 0 0000 1 0000 0 0000 7 23 10 048
62. been designed for convenience and ease of use problems can arise This chapter contains three sections to deal with possible problems Common problems and solutions a MS DOS error messages a HP BASIC error messages Listed below in alphabetical order are some common problems and their solutions To deal with problems associated with a specific instrument like the computer printer or network analyzer refer to its manual Bad filename entered press any key to continue results from trying to enter an improper title for a file File names must be eight 8 letters or less without digits or special characters Cables should be held in the same position during measurement as during calibration They should be given time to stabilize prior to calibration Excessive flexing can result in measurement inaccuracies With waveguide systems allow the test port usually port 2 to waveguide flange cable to maintain the same position don t flex or bend it long enough to minimize phase changes Hardware problems should be resolved by referring to the manual of the instrument network analyzer printer computer at fault Non repeatable measurements may be the result of excess cable flexing poor or inconsistent contact of the MUT with the surfaces of the waveguide or coaxial sample holder non perpendicular sample faces or changing location of the sample within the sample holder Plotter won t plot See Printer won t print bel
63. chniques Lotus 1 2 3 Method II Two Imports and a Copy 5 Measurement Example 1 Import the Text Move to the upper left corner of the range where you want your data to be imported Issue the FIT file import text command You can then select your data file from the list presented by moving to the file name and pressing RETURN This will take a short while to read in the data It will appear to spread out over several columns but it is actually long text labels all in the first column 2 Import the Numbers Move the highlight cursor one column to the right This is where you will bring in the file again this time as numbers instead of text Issue the FIN file import numbers command and select the same filename as before This will again take a short while You will notice that some of the data will be turned into scientific notation This indicates that we have numbers which can be added subtracted etc 3 Erase the Excess Numbers There will be a few numbers that were pulled out of the header for example the date and the number of points These can be discarded by following these steps Issue the RE range erase command To select all of the numbers pulled out of the header move the highlight cursor down eight rows and over two columns This should select a range which is 9x3 cells Press ENTER to clear the cells Of course if you would like to make use of any of these numbers the number of points is cert
64. copies or adaptations of the software to the public in physical media or by telecommunication without the prior written consent of Hewlett Packard Termination Hewlett Packard may terminate this software license for failure to comply with any of these terms provided Hewlett Packard has requested Customer to cure the failure and Customer has failed to do so within thirty 30 days of such notice Updates and Upgrades Customer agrees that the software does not include future updates and upgrades which may be available for HP under a separate support agreement Export Customer agrees not to export or re export the software or any copy or adaptation in violation of the U S Export Administration regulations or other applicable regulations Limited Warranty Software Hewlett Packard warrants for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase that the software product will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on the network analyzer instrument indicated on this package Hewlett Packard does not warrant that the operation of the software will be uninterrupted or error free In the event that this software product fails to execute its programming instructions during the warranty period customer s remedy shall be to return the measurement card media to Hewlett Packard for replacement Should Hewlett Packard be unable to replace the media within a reasonable amount of time Customer s alternate r
65. cumentation for the word processor will probably have a section for importing ASCII files If it does not try loading the file the same way you would any other file and see if it works It may be helpful to know that the columns of data are separated by tab characters Each row ends with a carriage return and a line feed Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 5 5 Measurement Example Accessing HP BASIC Data Files Use the following BASIC program to access materials measurement data for post measurement processing For methods applicable to the MS DOS version see Accessing MS DOS Data Files above 10 20 30 This SUB will read an HP 85071 datafile when incorporated 40 as part of an HP BASIC program It is assumed that the 50 complex arrays are dimensioned in the main program 60 70 80 SUB Read_file Data_file Start_freq Stop_freq INTEGER Num_freq Sweep_type COMPLEX Epsilon Mu REAL Freq 90 100 110 INPUT Data_file The filename and mass storage 120 specifier of the HP 85071 datafile to recall 130 140 OUTPUT Start_freq The start frequency for the stored 150 measurement data that is read from the data file 160 170 Stop_freq The stop frequency for the stored measurement 180 data that is read from the data file 190 200 Num freq The number of frequencies for the stored 210 measurement data This variable must be an INTEGER 220 type 230 240 Sweep_type
66. d to analyze the same measurement data at a later time All valid measurement traces Software operating state at the time the setup file is saved The state of the software includes the calibration type and calibration standard models the current display format and display scaling trace math information trace display information title information and pen color information The test setup file can be saved to any disk drive and directory in the computer Press to save the test setup MS DOS version presents a dialog box to name the test setup file Dialog box lists current disk drive and directory m To change disk drive or directory type in new information a Filenames have a maximum of eight characters m The default test setup file extension is TST m As an option you can save additional file information title operator time date and comments HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Save As File Name example 6 000 4 000 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Aan Figure 8 8 Save Setup Dialog Box MS DOS Version HP BASIC version m To change the disk drive type in a new mass storage specifier for example 700 1 a To save a file enter the file name at the prompt and press or 8 12 Software Reference Recall setup Short menus
67. daptations made by Customer a All copies and adaptations of the software must bear the copyright notices s contained in or on the original Ownership m Customer agrees that they do not have any title or ownership of the software other than ownership of the physical media m Customer acknowledges and agrees that the software is copyrighted and protected under the copyright laws m Customer acknowledges and agrees that the software may have been developed by a third party software supplier named in the copyright notice s included with the software who shall be authorized to hold the Customer responsible for any copyright infringement or violation of this License Agreement Transfer of Rights in Software Customer may transfer rights in the software to a third party only as part of the transfer of all their rights and only if Customer obtains the prior agreement of the third party to be bound by the terms of this License Agreement Upon such a transfer Customer agrees that their rights in the software are terminated and that they will either destroy their copies and adaptations or deliver them to the third party Transfer to a U S government department or agency or to a prime or lower tier contractor in connection with a U S government contract shall be made only upon their prior written agreement to terms required by Hewlett Packard Sublicensing and Distribution Customer may not sublicense the software or distribute
68. e Menu MS DOS Version 8 15 Format Menu MS DOS Version 2 2 8 17 Polyiron Measurement in e Format 2 8 18 Polyiron Measurement in e7 Format 8 18 8 14 8 15 8 16 8 17 8 18 8 19 8 20 8 21 8 22 8 23 8 24 8 25 8 26 Polyiron Measurement in Loss Tangent e Format Polyiron Measurement inw Format Polyiron Measurement in u Format Polyiron Measurement in Loss Tangent u Format Polyiron Measurement in Tabular Re amp Im Format Polyiron Measurement in Tabular Re amp Tan d Format Display Menu MS DOS Version Scale Menu MS DOS Version 2 2 2 Set Scale Screen MS DOS Version Output Menu MS DOS Version 2 Define plot Dialog Box MS DOS Version Save Data Dialog Box MS DOS Version Help Menu MS DOS Version 2 8 19 820 820 8 21 8 21 8 22 8 23 8 25 8 26 8 27 8 28 829 8 30 Contents 7 Tables Contents 8 2 1 a a 2 14 3 1 Required Calibrations and S parameter Measurements for Calculation Models a a a a aaa 3 4 3 2 Calculation Models and Optimum Sample Thickness 3 8 3 3 Measurement Models 2 02 2 2 0084 3 10 BAL a 3 23 7 1 Orderable Material Measurements Items 7 1 General Information Introduction The Software Incorporates Six Calculation Models The HP 85071 materials measurement software allows meas
69. e To request a catalog or to order cables and adapters with a credit card call HP DIRECT ORDERING at 1 800 538 8787 toll free from US Outside the US similar services are usually available locally Refer to your local phone directory under HP or call these numbers international toll call to the US U S A 408 553 7800 for information on local services U S A 415 857 5027 to place an order from a non US country Most printers can be configured or set by the user with small switches jumpers or buttons Settings fall into two categories serial and mode Serial settings select the protocol used by the serial port The protocol includes BAUD rate parity word length and handshake See printer s manual for recommendations and see Communications Port to make sure the computer s serial port protocol matches the printer Mode settings control how the printer responds to certain commands after being received correctly via the communications port Settings may affect response to CR response to LF page size font selection font size etc Getting Started 2 15 1 MS DOS Define plot in the HP 85071 Software Other Files Worth Knowing About Some HP printers have a mode switch that selects between Alternate and HP mode Use the HP setting unless using a non HP driver Once you are running the HP 85071 software select Output then Define Plot to specify the printer d
70. e discontinuities in the measurement results as shown below e 1123 1 083 1 043 1 003 p 0 963 0 923 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 3 Calculation Anomolies in the Refl Tran u amp e N R Model At the first frequency of measurement the calculation routine must determine the number of 360 degree phase shifts through the sample to correctly solve for materials parameters This is determined by the sample thickness and an initial estimate for u and e of the sample Mu and of air are used to determine the number of phase rotations at the first frequency unless other materials parameters are entered using the command Setup Menu Refi Tran e Prec n Model requirements m Measurement of S11 S21 12 and S22 a Full 2 port calibration a Approximate sample position m One sample a nd 2 wavelength sample thickness is optimum This model measures all four S parameters of the material under test but calculates only e The dielectric properties of the material parameters are obtained by a iterative calculation This technique is an implementation of work published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST The value at the first frequency is obtained by a direct calculation and is used to seed the iterative calculation Since all four S parameters are used in the calculation this technique has a desirable feature of being ind
71. e Cole plot data format with e on vertical axis and e on horizontal axis with frequency as the independent parameter not displayed lossy materials with relaxation mechanisms follow a semi circle on these plots conductivity usually ionic dielectric loss in dielectric measurements does not mean true conduction movement of electrons D dissipation factor usually measured for capacitors D tan 6 Debye functions simplified model to explain dielectric properties versus frequency assuming that a single rotational relaxation phenomenon is acting angle formed between the j axis and vector representing the sum of storage and loss vectors 6 is small nearly 0 for low loss materials and large up to about 45 for lossy materials see tan 6 used more often dielectric after effect polarization in a material lags behind the applied field in time modeled by relaxation process related to losses Glossary 1 Glossary 2 dielectric constant ratio of electric field storage capacity in a material to that of free space usually means real lossless case only dielectric loss energy lost absorbed in material when applying an AC electric field may be due to ionic polar atomic or electronic mechanisms dipolar dielectric mechanism see rotational dipole a structure where the net charge distribution can be represented by two equal and opposite charges separated by distance dispersion propogation characteri
72. e MUT air again Note that the data trace is erased and replaced by the new measurement use autoscale if desired Note too that both the data trace and trace 1 are visible as illustrated by the figure below They are identified to the right of the display as lt D and lt 1 Data stored in memory is displayed automatically unless you turn it off with the display menu The difference in the traces is the result of cable movement It is also an indication of measurement repeatability purposefully degraded in this example 5 Measurement Example e 1 0047 02 07 93 12 12 16 1 002 1 000 f tad eT L k i a i7 7 lt a 0 998 TAT 5 ala A i AAA A d 0 996 CH J 0 994 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 3 15 Simultaneous Display of Two Traces Showing Effect of Cable Movement Compare the Traces The trace math function lets you compare traces mathematically It with Trace Math allows you to divide a designated trace by the reference trace or subtract the reference trace from it 1 Select Reference trace in the display menu 2 Choose Memory 1 as the reference trace 3 Select Trace math in the display menu Note that trace math is currently off 4 Select ref The format indicator changes from e to e 1 because memory 1 is the reference trace as shown below Autoscale if necessar
73. easuring the MUT s After calibration the network analyzer measures the S parameters of S Parameters the sample holder and sample material The measurements may be reflection measurements transmission measurements or both The raw measurements of the sample holder and sample material are then vector error corrected using the system error model obtained during the calibration process The corrected S parameters are transferred to the computer Converting the The computer mathematically rotates the S parameters through the S Parameters to lt and appropriate lengths of transmission line These lengths are input to the software during setup At this point the S parameters represent H the S11 and S22 input reflection coefficients at the sample interfaces the S21 and S12 transmission through the sample or both The software uses the S parameters at the sample interface to calculate the complex permittivity and permeability Various models are available with the HP 85071 for converting the S parameters of the material sample to permittivity and permeability Descriptions of each model are presented later in this chapter 3 2 Measurement Tutorial 1 General Overview and in chapter 8 Some of the models use iterative calculation routines As with all iterative routines it is important to provide an estimate of the solution to start the calculation The software has built in algorithms for obtaining estimates to start the calculations Unpredict
74. emedy shall be a refund of the purchase price upon return of the product and all copies Media Hewlett Packard warrants the media upon which this product is recorded to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase In the event any media prove to be defective during the warranty period Customer s remedy shall be to return the media to Hewlett Packard for replacement Should Hewlett Packard be unable to replace the media within a reasonable amount of time Customer s alternate remedy shall be a refund of the purchase price upon return of the product and all copies Notice of Warranty Claims Customer must notify Hewlett Packard in writing of any warranty claim not later than thirty 30 days after the expiration of the warranty period Limitation of Warranty Hewlett Packard makes no other express warranty whether written or oral with respect to this product Any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness is limited to the 1 year duration of this written warranty This warranty gives specific legal rights and Customer may also have other rights which vary from state to state or province to province Exclusive Remedies The remedies provided above are Customer s sole and exclusive remedies In no event shall Hewlett Packard be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages including lost profit whether based on war
75. ep type This procedure saves the test setup defined above to disk 1 Select Setup 2 Select Save setup 3 Enter the disk drive directory and filename of the setup Filenames are limited to eight characters Filenames are given the extension TST Other extensions are permissible Enter file information if desired Select Save to save the test setup file om Measurement Tutorial 3 23 5 Measurement Example Saving Measurement Data To Save Data Files To Disk Recalling Information To Recall a Test Setup from Disk 3 24 Measurement Tutorial Measurement data can be saved to disk and to memory To Save To Disk To save measurement data to disk as part of a test setup follow the procedure above To Save the Test Setup to Disk To Save To Memory To save measurement data to memory as a memory trace 1 Select 2 Select Data to memory 3 Select memory 1 2 or 3 4 Select OK Data files include measurement data frequency range and sweep type Data files do not include the data of memory 1 2 or 3 Data files are stored in an ASCII format compatible with Lotus 1 2 3 The Lotus program can import the data file directly in spreadsheet form for further analysis details in chapter 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques To save data files to disk Select Output Select Save data Enter the disk drive directory and file name in the dialog box Select Save
76. ependent of the entered position of the sample in the sample holder The distance to the sample is used only to obtain the estimate of c at the first frequency and thus seed the calculation routine This technique has no calculation anomolies at frequencies where the sample thickness is an integer multiple of one half wavelength n 2 This technique is very useful for long samples and for characterizing very low loss materials If the command is turned on then the software presents its estimate of e at the first frequency You can enter a new estimate of or acknowledge the estimate presented by the software Refi Tran e Fast Model requirements m Measurement of S11 S21 12 and 22 m Full 2 port calibration m Approximate sample position or Measurement of S11 and S821 m One path 2 port calibration m Exact sample position and m One sample m nd 2 wavelength sample thickness is optimum This model measures all four or a pair of S parameters of the material under test Only for the material is computed The dielectric properties of the material parameters are obtained by a iterative calculation The e value at the first frequency is obtained by a direct calculation and is used to seed the iterative calculation This technique computes the uncertainty of the transmission and reflection measurement at each frequency Uncertainty is based on the systematic error terms of the network measurement system
77. equency because the software is unable to directly calculate that initial value The value you enter should be as accurate as possible to avoid measurement anomalies If the subsequent results are unexpected recalculate the measurement parameters by entering another value This technique is convenient for materials that must be bonded to a ground plane It has also proven to be a convenient technique for measuring liquids with vertical cells the metal floor at the bottom of the cell acts as a dam Refl e Arbit Back Model requirements m Measurement of S11 a S11 l port calibration m Defined sample position m One sample m 2 wavelength sample thickness is optimum This model requires a sample that is backed by an arbitrary but repeatable termination Two measurements are required one with backing alone and the other with the sample and backing together It is simple and best for thin film measurements It is not applicable to magnetic materials Use the verify estimate feature to ensure that the correct seed value is selected Sample holder Setup Menu Refl u amp e Sing Dbl Model requirements Measurement of S11 S11 1 port calibration Defined sample position Two samples backed by a short Optimum sample thickness o Selected for transmission loss of 5 dB or less shorter sample lossy materials o About A 4 and A 2 wavelength lower loss materials This is the only reflection only model that measu
78. ere connected directly to the waveguide adapter at port 1 of the analyzer at port 2 connect the standards to the sample holder attached to the waveguide adapter Press REFLECT N DONE after you have measured all of the standards once at each port waveguide flange Measure the Transmission Standards Cable to Port 1 Cable to Port 2 Tb Tb Waveguide Sample Holder Waveguide Adaptor Figure 3 11 Measuring the Thru 1 Connect the two waveguide flanges together with the sample holder between them 2 Press TRANSMISSION 3 Make all four transmission measurements two forward and two reverse 4 Press TRANS DONE when all four softkeys are underlined Conclude the Calibration Finish the calibration without isolation 1 Press ISOLATION OMIT ISOLATION ISOLATION DONE and DONE 2 PORT CAL The network analyzer calculates the error correction numbers and displays the notation C2 at the upper left of the display when done Measurement Tutorial 3 17 5 Measurement Example Measure a Sample Material Scale the Display 3 18 Measurement Tutorial With the sample holder between the two waveguide flanges measure a MUT air easily available no fit problems 1 Select in the main menu 2 To make the measurement do one E Select Trigger meas in the measure menu m Click the right mouse button The software initiates the measurement calculates the complex permittivity and permeability and di
79. ference 8 19 Format Menu Ww Select u to display the real part of permeability versus frequency HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output 5 000 4 000 3 000 gt 2 000 1 000 e GLEE 0 000 0 050000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 15 Polyiron Measurement in w Format u Select to display the imaginary part of permeability versus frequency HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output 2 000 1 600 1 200 Fi s a lt a 0 800 a 0 400 tot Ld E 0 000 0 050000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 16 Polyiron Measurement in u Format 8 20 Software Reference Loss tangent u Tabular Re amp Im Select Loss tangent u to display w w versus frequency Format Menu HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 Loss tangent u 2 000 1 600 1 200 0 800 r 0 400 0 000 e 0 050000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 17 Polyiron Measurement in Loss Tangent u Format Select Tabular Re amp Im to display a listing
80. g inspection 6 1 items supplied with software 1 2 length of sample holder 3 6 length of sample holder how to measure 4 2 linear sweep mode 8 3 literature available 7 1 logarithmic sweep mode 8 3 lookup table 8 11 loss tangent e format 8 19 loss tangent u format 8 21 Lotus 1 2 3 how to import data into 4 2 manual description of 1 2 material measurements literature available 7 1 measurement data example of recalling it 3 25 measurements inconsistent causes of 5 1 measurements traceable 4 1 measurement tutorial summary of 3 1 measure menu 8 13 Memory gt data command 8 24 menus of software detailed 8 1 menus of software summary 8 1 Microsoft support 2 13 command 8 4 mouse how to use 2 8 MS DOS computer requirement 2 2 MS DOS error messages 5 3 MS DOS HP IB interface 2 2 MS DOS IEE 488 interface 2 2 MS DOS network analyzers 2 2 MS DOS plotters 2 2 MS DOS plotter tips 2 12 MS DOS printers 2 2 MS DOS software requirements 2 2 MS DOS system autoexec bat file 2 15 MS DOS system hardware installation 2 5 MS DOS system HP 85071 software installation 2 4 MS DOS system installation 2 3 MS DOS system printer tips 2 12 MS DOS system requirements 2 2 MS DOS systems control panel settings 2 12 MS DOS systems printer cables 2 15 MS DOS systems setting up Windows 2 12 MS DOS system starting it up 2 6 MS DOS systems Windows basics 2 8 MS DOS versus H
81. g measures the sample and its backing may be repeated if the first measurement is invalid Backing only measures only the backing may be repeated if the first measurement is invalid Calculate calculates e with the current measurement data use after 1 sample and backing and 2 backing only have been measured Cancel exits this box Measure Retrieve Sample The dialog box choices below appear with the Refl u amp e Sing Dbl model Sample one measures 1 the sample in its first position or 2 the first of two samples may be repeated if the first measurement is invalid Sample two measures 1 the sample in its second position or 2 the second of two samples may be repeated if the first measurement is invalid Calculate calculates u amp e with the current measurement data use after both measurements have been taken Cancel exits this box Format Menu Format Menu The format menu presents commands to select the graphical or tabular display format for the measured data Setup Measure Display Scale Output e e Loss tangente L 20 00 Cole Cole Cc u 16 00 u U Loss tangentu O Tabular Re amp Im 12 00 Tabular Re amp tan d 6 000 4 000 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 11 Format Menu MS DOS Version The complex permittivity
82. g sweep mode failed This mode of operation is not supported No filename specified An attempt was made to load or store a file without specifying a filename This would occur if no entry was made in the dialog box Sample thickness must be greater than zero Sample thickness must be define in the setup menu as a positive value greater than Zero Selected model requires a one port measurement The attempt to recalculate materials parameters for the Refl e model failed because a full 2 port calibration had been performed not the required one port cal Selected model requires a two port measurement The attempt to recalculate materials parameters for the one of the Refl Trans modela failed because a one port cal had been performed not the required full two port calibration The cutoff frequency must be less than the start frequency Change one of the frequencies as indicated 5 4 In Case of Difficulty MS DOS Error Messages The IEEE 488 card is not responding as configured Please check and correct configuration The HP or National Instruments IEEE 488 card is not operating properly Try repowering the computer to see if this cures the problem If not refer to the card s operation manual to run diagnostic routines to insure that the card is properly installed Run the HPIBSTAT EXE program to troubleshoot the problem The Network Analyzer is not responding as configured Please check and correct configuration The software is un
83. ge and press the Try Again softkey Press the Exit softkey to abort the storage process No active traces An attempt was made to autoscale the data with no active data or memory traces No current data trace An attempt was made to save data to a memory trace without having a valid data trace No current memory trace An attempt was made to save a memory to data without having a valid memory trace No room for calibration in HP 8510 Delete a calibration set manually There is no more room inside the HP 8510 for the calibration just performed Use the CAL menu in the HP 8510 to delete a cal set to make room for the new calibration No valid calibration An attempt was made to take a measurement without performing a calibration Calibrate the system No valid data trace to save An attempt was made to save a data file without a valid measurement data trace Turn data on in the Traces Displayed choice of the Display menu if a Data trace exists or perform the desired measurement No valid reference trace An attempt was made to perform trace mathematics without a valid reference trace Save a trace to the reference trace and try again Number of frequencies in log mode must be 11 or greater A minimum of 11 frequencies must be specified for the LOG sweep setup Number of frequencies must be greater than 1 A minimum of 2 frequencies must be specified for the setup Number of points must be multiple of 10 1 for log mode The
84. he HP BASIC version of the HP 85071 software program you must have a HP BASIC compatible computer as defined below Additionally you should be familiar with basic BASIC operations System Requirements Computer BASIC and Binaries The system requires the computers software interfaces printers and plotters and network analyzers described below The HP 85071 software supports the HP Vectra PC with BASIC language processor card and all HP 9000 series 300 computers except these HP 9817 HP 9826 HP 9837 HP 9920 The minimum requirements for the computer are these 2 0 MBytes minimum of RAM Random Access Memory High density double sided 3 5 inch flexible disk drive HP 82300C required for HP Vectra PC HP 82304A high performance measurement co processor required for HP Vectra PC The computer must have BASIC operating system version 5 0 or higher and these binaries COMPLEX CS80 ERR GRAPH GRAPHX if color CRT HPIB IO MAT MS Other binaries may be present in the BASIC operating system but when additional binaries are present the computer may require more than 2 0 MBytes RAM The HFS hierarchical file system binary can also be used to specify volumes and directories for saving program information The HP 85071 software will also run under the HP UX system with HP RMB UX BASIC language support Getting Started 2 17 2 HP BASIC Printers and Plotters Network Analyzer and IEEE 48
85. he sample holder sample material to the permittivity and permeability of the unknown material and presents them in the current display format This menu also allows entry of display titles Software Reference 8 13 Measure Menu Trigger measurement Note 8 14 Software Reference Recalculate Title 16 00 12 00 6 000 4 000 0 000 0 200000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 8 9 Measure Menu MS DOS Short Version Selecting Trigger measurement triggers a measurement of the sample holder sample material The measurement is triggered immediately after the command is selected thus the sample should be loaded in the holder and the holder connected to the test cables Once the measurement is complete the program beeps Pressing the right mouse button also triggers the measurement A message is displayed to indicate the current status of the calculation for example Calculating permittivity 50 complete When the calculation is complete the material data is presented in the current display format and the program returns to the main menu The software usually leaves the network analyzer in a continuous sweep mode so that you can evaluate the S parameter measurements of the sample holder sample material before triggering a measurement If a valid calibration does not exist on the analy
86. ial Measurements Items HP Part Qty Description Number 85071 90004 1 user s manual Literature Hewlett Packard Literature A variety of materials measurement literature exists This list is by no means complete but should prove helpful in providing directions for further reading It is divided in two sections Hewlett Packard literature and public technical papers To order HP literature contact your nearest Hewlett Packard office m Basics of Measuring the Dielectric Properties of Materials application note 1217 1 part number 5091 3300E March 1992 m HP 16451B Dielectric Test Fixture data sheet part number 5950 2368 May 1989 m LCR Meters Impedance Analyzers and Test Fixtures selection guide part number 5952 1430 January 1990 m Using the HP 16451B Dielectric Test Fixture application note 380 1 part number 5950 2390 October 1989 m Characteristic Impedance Measurement of PC Board Circuit Patterns application note 339 2 part number 5950 2908 June 1986 m Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Solid Materials application note 339 13 part number 5950 2935 December 1987 m Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Solids with the HP 8510 Network Analyzer product note 8510 3 part number 5954 1535 August 1985 m Measuring Complex Permittivity and Permeability at RF and Microwave Frequencies RF amp Microwave Symposium paper September 1989 avail
87. ield phase angle see 6 phase defect angle see 6 polar having permanent electric dipoles polarize to align dipoles in electric field power factor sin or cos 0 Q see quality factor quality factor ratio of energy stored to energy lost per cycle in a system inverse of tan 6 and D RAM Radiation Absorbing Materials Radar Absorbing Materials relative permeability Hr SC p relative permittivity See r Glossary 3 Glossary 4 relaxation constant see T relaxation time see T relaxation wavelength free space wavelength corresponding to the frequency 1 r restricted mobility dipoles dipoles such as H O molecules which are bound to a host material and so are restricted in their ability to become oriented in an electric field Roberts von Hipple l port short backed reflection only transmission line method to determine both and u by moving the short by 4 4 rotational a dielectric mechanism relaxation fairly strong often lossy at moderate frequencies where permanent dipoles often entire molecules rotate to align with an electric field susceptor material that can respond to electro magnetic fields tan 6 ratio of e indicates lossiness of material typically varies from about 1 5 high loss to 10 very low loss 7 relaxation time constant for a simple substance the time it takes for 1 e of the constituent molecules to become aligned in response to
88. ing data 3 22 example of recalling data files 3 25 example of recalling measurement data 3 25 example of saving data to memory 3 20 example of saving test setup 3 23 example of trace math use 3 21 example of viewing more than one trace 3 20 features of software 1 4 format example of changing 3 19 format menu 8 17 Forward measurement ONLY command 8 15 frequency step 8 2 frequency units how to set 8 3 Full menus command 8 13 general information see chapter 1 1 1 help menu 8 30 how to clear screen titles 8 15 HP85071 HP file 2 4 HP85071 NAT file 2 4 HP BASIC data files how to access 4 6 HP BASIC error messages 5 6 HP BASIC systems BASIC required 2 17 HP BASIC systems computer requirements 2 17 HP BASIC systems hardware installation 2 19 HP BASIC systems how to use the software 2 21 HP BASIC systems HP IB interface 2 18 HP BASIC systems installation of 2 19 HP BASIC systems menus how to use 2 21 HP BASIC systems plotter recommendation 2 18 HP BASIC systems printer recommendation 2 18 HP BASIC systems requirements 2 17 HP BASIC systems softkeys explained 2 21 HP BASIC systems software fundamentals 2 22 HP BASIC systems software installation 2 19 HP BASIC systems starting the software 2 20 HP BASIC versus MS DOS versions of software 2 1 HPIB DLL file 2 4 HPIBSTAT EXE file 2 4 importing data into Lotus 1 2 3 4 2 in case of difficulty 5 1 incomin
89. ion 300 features a Windows like presentation This is the HP 9000 series 300 version The user interface portion of the source code may be printed out and customized for your individual application It uses softkey menus for most commands and entries The HP BASIC version may also be used with IBM AT compatible machines such as the HP Vectra and an HP 82300C BASIC language processor release II General Information 1 3 Software Features m Completely controls the network analyzer m Guides you through the measurement sequence a Automatically computes and yu permittivity and permeability a Offers a variety of data formats and displays Features New to this Revision Improved Nicolson Ross model provides sample position invariance One port arbitrary backed model measures thin samples accurately One port pemmittivity and permeability reflection only model Air gap correction improves accuracy of transmission line methods Compatible with free space measurements m Simpler user interface Equipment Required Recommended Test Equipment 1 4 General Information The equipment required to operate a dielectric measurement system is detailed in chapter 2 Getting Started Test equipment is required for the other system instruments only Refer to the appropriate manuals for recommended test equipment Getting Started Introduction This chapter details system hardware and software requirements
90. isplaying the HP 85071 application program To select a menu either m Point to the name of the menu and click the mouse button or m Press Alt the alternate key and the underlined letter in the name of the menu For example press Alt and s for the Setup menu To choose a command do one of the following m Point to the name of the command on the menu and click the mouse button m Use an accelerator key on the keyboard press Ctrl the control key simultaneously with the accelerator key Accelerator keys are identified with a symbol on menus to the right of some of the commands m Point to the desired menu with the mouse drag the mouse downward to point to the desired command and then releasing the mouse button Commands that appear in gray do not currently apply and can not be choosen Getting Started 2 9 1 MS DOS 2 10 Getting Started at Display Scale Output Model Sample holder Verify estimate Recall setup R Full Menus Status Bar 8 000 4 000 0 000 0 200000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Aan Figure 2 6 Drop Down Menu and Highlighted Selected Command How to Use Dialog Boxes A dialog box is a request from the program for information required to carry out a command Commands that end in an ellipsis indicate that a dialog box is
91. l Any inaccuracy in this distance causes the rotated S parameters to be in error This is the most difficult distance measurement to make in that the sample must be loaded in the Measurement Tutorial 3 7 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations 3 8 Measurement Tutorial sample holder to measure the distance Some of the models do not depend on precisely knowing the position of the sample in the sample holder In many cases the simplest way to determine the distance to sample is to place it flush with the port 1 calibration reference plane Then the distance is simply 0 zero and 0 should be entered in the sample holder menu Sample Thickness This should be measured by the most accurate mechanical means available micrometer vernier caliper etc Uncertainty in the sample thickness will cause inaccuracies in the calculated materials parameters The inaccuracy due to thickness errors increases with frequency and increases with the magnitude of and p Table 3 2 Calculation Models and Optimum Sample Thickness Calculation Model Optimum Sample Thickness Refl Tran u amp e N R Ag 4 Refl Tran e Prec n nA 2 Refl Tran e Fast nA 2 Refl e Short Back Ag 2 Refl e Arbit Back Ag 2 Refl u amp e Sing Dbl Thk Ag 4 amp Ag 2 Note Ao 2 Cr yir 52 where for TEio mode in rectangular waveguide c speed of light about 3x10 m sec o C frequency amp relative permit
92. lay Menu There are five commands in the display menu Each command presents a dialog box for selecting the parameters particular to implementing the command Setup Measure Forma e Ss EE 20 00 Traces displayed Reference trace 16 00 Trace math 12 00 6 000 4 000 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 20 Display Menu MS DOS Version Selecting Data gt memory presents a dialog box to select a memory trace in which to save the current measurement data The choices are Data gt memory 1 Data gt memory 2 and Data gt memory 3 This operation is a valid choice only when there is current measurement data All measurement data can be saved into and recalled from any of the memory traces Selecting any of the data gt memory commands also selects the choosen memory trace for display Data can be saved in one format and recalled in any other format Keep in mind though that only the Refl Tran u amp e N R and Refl u amp e Sing Dbl measurement models actually measure u 4 The other models assign u 1 jO at each measurement frequency Initially measuring a material with an e c only format saving the data and then displaying it in a u format presents the 1 j0 values a straight line MS DOS version m Fill in the bu
93. le holder length Figure 3 7 Sample Holder Description Dialog Box MS DOS Version The calibration consists of measuring known standards and using the results to characterize the three major sources of measurement error A full 2 port calibration consists of reflection transmission and isolation measurements Isolation should be omitted in most instances The default calibration standards are a pair of short circuits a thru and a load m The shorts are o a flush short and a 1 4 wavelength offset short or o a 1 8 and 3 8 wavelength offset short m The thru consists of simply butting the two waveguide flanges together m Loads may be fixed sliding or offset NOTE in the following example softkey and hardkey names may vary from cal kit to cal kit and from analyzer to analyzer To begin the calibration on the network analyzer l Press CAL CAL KIT USER KIT The user kit should be defined as WR 90 because you previously loaded it from disk 2 Press CALIBRATE MENU FULL 2 PORT REFLECT N to enter the first part of the calibration sequence Stabilize the Cable and Measure the First Standard Flush Short Cable movement degrades measurement accuracy Before you calibrate immobilize the cables and adapters lay the cables flat on a work surface or hold them in place Measurement Tutorial 3 15 5 Waveguide Calibration Note 3 16 Measurement Tutorial Figure 3 8 Measuri
94. m calibration 3 2 tabular Re amp Im format 8 21 tabular Re amp Tan d format 8 22 test equipment recommended 1 4 test setup example of recalling it 3 24 test setup example of saving it 3 23 Title command 8 15 trace math 8 22 Trace math command 8 24 trace math example of use 3 21 command 8 24 Trigger measurement command 8 14 Index 5 Index 6 V W u format 8 20 u format 8 20 units of measurement valid 8 8 user s manual described 1 2 command 8 11 viewing more than one trace example of 3 20 warning the warning symbol vi warranty v waveguide calibration example 3 11 Window basics 2 8
95. mended that you let the SETUP program alter the system s AUTOEXEC BAT file so that Windows can be run from any directory in the system Getting Started 2 3 1 MS DOS HP 85071 Software The HP 85071 software is provided on a floppy disk with these files Installation READ ME describes the files on the disk and the installation procedure repeated below HP85071 HP is the software program designed to operate with the HP 82335B interface a HPIB DLL is a second file a dynamic link library required for use with the above HP interface HP85071 NAT is the software program designed to operate with the National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB II and GPIB IJA interfaces HPIBSTAT EXE is a software program designed to check the HP 82335B interface card and recommend the correct memory exclusion address You must copy one or two files to the hard disk for program operation To copy the file s from the floppy disk assumed to be system disk A to the hard disk assumed to be C follow these instructions 1 Insert the HP 85071 program disk in the floppy disk drive 2 On the hard disk make a directory dedicated for HP 85071 files At the DOS prompt type MKDIR C MATERIAL and press ENTER HP IB and GP IB a HP 82335B Interface Card Users continue with For HP 82335B Interface Card Interface Card Systems next Installation National Interface Card Users continue with For National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB II or G
96. ment frequency The estimate is displayed in a dialog box after the measurement and before the calculations For the refl tran u amp e model this can insure that the proper number of phase rotations through the sample at the first frequency is choosen For the refl tran e prec n and refl tran e fast models this can insure that the proper first estimate of is used in the iterative calculation For the refl e model the software may require an estimate of at the first frequency For this model the default espilon is 1 j 0 This value allows convergence for many but not all measurements Unfortunately there is no direct calculation for this short backed line technique to get a rough estimate of e The software gives very good estimates of materials parameters to be used to seed the calculation routines and that verifying these estimates is unnecessary However if unexpected results occur use to see the calculation routine starting points and override them if desired Software Reference 8 11 Setup Menu Save setup Selecting allows you to specify a file and file location for saving away complete test setup information The setup file must include a calibration The HP 85071 setup file contains m S parameter measurement data for the sample material in the sample holder The S parameters before they are rotated to the sample interface are stored so that other sample holder descriptions can be use
97. mmands are presented in the upper right portion of the computer s display The various menus in the software are found on the softkeys at the bottom of the computer display To select a menu press the function key on the keyboard that corresponds to the menu softkey on the computer display The menu choices will appear on the upper right portion of the display with a cursor arrow pointing to one of the commands in the menu To choose a command use the UP DOWN cursor arrow keys to point the cursor arrow to the desired command Then press or to select that command Some commands take immediate action for example the autoscale command Other commands require additional keyboard input Those commands present a menu of selections Getting Started 2 21 2 HP BASIC How to Make Menu Selections Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to point to the entry parameter or choice Then press RETURN or ENTER If the choice requires keyboard entry frequency entry Y axis scale entry etc the software displays a prompt for input The softkeys are labeled with terminator units for the input GHz MHz for frequency entry etc Type the desired response to the prompt on the keyboard and use the appropriate softkey to terminate the entry To finish the selection press one m K to keep all of the new entries Cancel to leave the old entries unchanged Set_Frequency Menu e 100 0 gt Start frequency 5 GHz
98. ncluding NIST X band cavity and the first public reference to Baker Jarvis enhancement to S parameter technique m Richard G Geyer Dielectric Characterization and Reference Materials NIST Technical Note 1338 m Baker Jarvis Transmission Reflection and Short Circuit Line Methods NIST Technical Note 1341 m Baker Jarvis Transmission Reflection and Short Circuit Line Methods for Measuring Permittivity and Permeability NIST Technical Note 1355 m Deepak K Ghodgaonkar et al Free Space Method for Measurement of Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangents at Microwave Frequencies IEEE Transactions on IM volume 37 number 3 June 1989 This describes the work at Penn State s Center for Engineering of Electronic Acoustic Materials The topic is the free space method using spot focusing antennas with an HP 8510B and TRL calibration m Arthur R von Hippel ed Dielectric Materials and Applications MIT Press 1954 This book is slmost 40 years old but still the bible on dielectrics and measurements a good introduction to basics Software Reference This chapter details the operation of each menu command and entry parameter in the HP 85071 materials measurement software To learn how to perform basic software operations refer to chapter 2 Getting Started To see how to perform a typical calibration and measurement sequence see chapter 3 Measurement Tutorial There are seven menus in the sof
99. nected to port 1 m Waveguide adapter connected to port 1 cable m Cable connected to port 2 m Waveguide adapter connected to port 2 cable m Sample holder connected to port 2 waveguide adapter Calibrate the system with the sample holder in place whenever possible This technique removes uncertainties in sample holder length and to a first order removes sample holder loss For details refer to Sample and Sample Holder Considerations earlier in this chapter To perform this calibration example 1 Select 2 Select sample holder to enter the sample holder description dialog box 3 Enter this information for the X band waveguide cal kit Sample holder length O0 default Distance to sample 0 default Sample thickness enter non zero value Units inch default Sample holder Waveguide Click on Lookup table gt gt Select X Band W G 8 20 12 4 GHz Click on OK to leave the lookup table note that it sets the cutoff frequency 4 Click on OK to exit the dialog box Perform the Calibration 5 Waveguide Calibration HP85071B Sample holder length 0 units Cutoff frequency inch 6 560010022 GHz Distance to sample ig mil cm Air gap Sample thickness 0 3845 O mm Correction Off Sample holder Distance Sample Coax to sample thickness aa aa Waveguide Free space Port 1 samp
100. ng the Flush Short Measurement degradation can result from changing the position of the cable between calibration and measurements Keep such changes and flexures to a minimum The reflection calibration softkeys should now be visible on the network analyzer display The top softkey is labelled S 11 SHORT S11 means it is a reflection measurement at port 1 1 Connect a flush short to the port 1 waveguide adapter 2 Press 11 SHORT to measure the short 3 Remove the short when the analyzer beeps or underlines the softkey label Measure the Second Standard 1 4 Wavelength Offset Short Cable to Port 1 Ll Waveguide Adapto Figure 3 9 Measuring the 1 4 Wavelength Offset Short Offset Short 1 Connect a 1 4 wavelength offset short to the port 1 waveguide adapter 2 Press 1 4 OFFS immediately below the S11 SHORT softkey to measure the short 3 At the beep or underline remove it Measure the Third Standard Fixed Load Cable to Port 1 Ll Waveguide Adapto Figure 3 10 Measuring the Fixed Load Connect the fixed load to the port 1 waveguide adapter 2 Press FXD LOAD immediately below the previous softkey to measure the fixed load 3 At the beep and underline remove it 5 Measurement Example Measure the Three Standards at Port 2 Use the same three standards and the next three softkeys in the S22 group to calibrate port 2 as above Whereas the standards w
101. number of frequencies must be 11 21 31 101 ete for the LOG sweep mode Sample holder is not yet defined The attempt to trigger a measurement failed First return to the Holder choice in the Setup Menu to define the sample holder Sample thickness lt 0 not allowed Redefine the sample as thicker than 0 using the Holder choice in the Setup menu Setup file is incompatible with current network analyzer An attempt was made to recall a setup file that was created with the software using a different model network analyzer Specified file Filename is not a valid HP 85071 data file An attempt was made to recall a data file that was not created using the HP 85071 software This error will also occur if an attempt is made to recall a Setup file and the specified file was not created by the software In Case of Difficulty 5 7 HP BASIC Error Messages Step frequency is too small for current span The entered value of step frequency would result in a number of frequencies greater than that supported by the network analyzer Step frequency of 0 Hz not allowed The step frequency must be greater than 0 Hz This entry would cause a calculation error Stop frequency must be greater start frequency The specified start frequency is greater than the specified stop frequency Change the frequencies to correct this situation Stored data 1 to 2 GHz 51 pts log does not match setup The frequency setup in the software m
102. o be used to get hardcopy graphical data The HP 85071 software is designed to work with the network analyzer configurations described below The default HP IB address is 16 m HP 8752A this network analyzer contains a reflection transmission test set as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements The network analyzer has these limitations o Refl Tran u amp e N R model supported in the accurate sample position definition mode o Refl Tran e Prec n model not supported o Refl Tran e Fast model supported in the accurate sample position definition mode m HP 8753A B or C these network analyzers need a companion test set for operation with the software The following test sets are supported o HP 85044A reflection transmission test set subject to the same limitations as the HP 8752A o HP 85046A S parameter test set o HP 85047A S parameter test set 1 MS DOS a HP 8719A or C HP 8720A B or C HP 8722A or C these network analyzers contain S parameter test sets as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements m HP 8510B or C this network analyzer requires a companion test set and a synthesized source for operation with the software Frequency range is determined by the test set and source All test sets supported by the HP 8510B are supported by the software The HP 8340 HP 8341 or HP 8360 family sources are supported by the software
103. o the computer s manual set for additional information on installing or configuring the BASIC operating system HP 85071 Software Installation The HP 85071 software program resides in a single file on the HP 85071 program disk The name of the file is HP85071B The HP 85071 program should be copied to a working disk so that the original disk can be stored as a back up Thus if the new working copy is damaged or lost the back up is still available Use the COPY command in HP BASIC to copy the program to another disk drive The syntax of the COPY command is COPY FILENAME MSUS to FILENAME MSUS where MSUS is short for mass storage unit specifier MSUSs are typically of the form 700 1 where 700 is the drive address and 1 is the drive number For example to copy the program from drive address 700 drive 0 to drive address 700 drive 1 type COPY HP85071B 700 0 TO HP85071B 700 1 Refer to the BASIC operating system manuals for more information of mass storage specifiers and the COPY command Hardware Installation Connect the computer network analyzer cables and peripherals as shown below For HP 8753 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set For HP 8510 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set and source Different systems require various cables and adapters These items are listed in HP s RF Microwave amp Millimete
104. omponents 2 2 22 Samples in Coaxial and Waveguide Transmission Lines and Free Space 2 ee es 3 2 Samples in Waveguide Coaxial and Free Space 3 7 Sample Holder Reference Planes 2 2 3 7 Air Gap Correction Figure 02 2022 3 9 Set Frequency Dialog Box MS DOS Version 3 12 Model Dialog Box MS DOS Version 3 13 Sample Holder Description Dialog Box MS DOS Version 3 15 Measuring the Flush Short 3 16 Measuring the 1 4 Wavelength Offset Short 3 16 Measuring the Fixed Load 2 2 3 16 Measuring the Thru 0484 3 17 Default Display of Air Measurement 3 18 Display of Air Measurement with Y Maximum 2 3 19 Example of Tabular Re amp Im Format 3 19 Simultaneous Display of Two Traces Showing Effect of Cable Movement 2 0484 3 21 Traces Compared With Trace Math 3 22 Output Menu MS DOS Version 2 2 2 3 22 Setup Menu MS DOS Version 2 8 2 Set Frequency Dialog Box MS DOS Version 8 3 Calculation Anomolies in the Refl Tran u amp e N R Model 8 4 Sample Holder Screen MS DOS Version 8 8 Air Gap Waveguide Dialog Box MS DOS Version 8 9 Coaxial Air Gap Correction Calculation Dimensions 8 10 Waveguide Air Gap Correction Calculation Dimensions 8 10 Save Setup Dialog Box MS DOS Version 8 12 Measure Menu MS DOS Short Version 8 14 Titl
105. or hard disk Type commands at the DOS prompt Getting Started 2 1 1 MS DOS System Requirements Computer Software IEEE 488 HP IB Interface Printers and Plotters Network Analyzer and Test Set 2 2 Getting Started The system must use the computers software interfaces printers plotters and network analyzers mentioned below The system computer should use a 80386 or 80486 microprocessor The HP Vectra has been checked and is recommended It must be configured with m 4 MBytes minimum of RAM Random Access Memory m High density double sided 3 5 inch flexible disk drive 20 MByte hard disk drive minimum m Microsoft Windows compatible pointing device a mouse m Coprocessor recommended MS DOS disk operating system version 3 2 or higher m Microsoft Windows version 3 0 or 3 1 NOT supplied The system computer must have one of these software supported IEEE 488 interfaces to control the network analyzer a HP 82335B HP IB Interface recommended a National Instruments AT GPIB Interface m National Instruments GPIB II or GPIB IIA Interface The HP IB interface operates according to IEEE 488 1978 and IEC 625 standards and IEEE 728 1982 recommended practices Any printer or plotter that is supported by Microsoft Windows will be supported by the HP 85071 software Printers can be used to get tabular listings of measurement results or printer facsimiles of displayed graphical data Plotters can als
106. or messages of the MS DOS version of the program The error messages are in bold explanations if any in normal type A calibration has not been performed The attempt to make a measurment failed You must perform a calibration or recall a setup file containing a calibration first A copy of HP 85071 is already running You can run only one copy of the HP 85071 application at a time A full two port calibration is not on Recall or perform a calibration You must recall or perform a two port calibration for any of the Refl Tran models before making a measurement An error occured allocating memory during the measurement Reduce the number of points and close any other application programs immediately There is not enough system memory to perform calculations with the specified number of frequency points This is usually due to having several other Windows applications running at the same time as the HP 85071 Either reduce the number of points and recalibrate the system or close the other applications An HP IB error has occured No space for new cal delete a cal set This error will occur with the HP 8510 network analyzer if there is no space to store a calibration Use the CAL menu on the HP 8510 to delete a previous calibration to make room for the calibration just performed A one port calibration is not on Recall a setup file that includes a calibration or perform a new calibration Before making a measurement you must rec
107. or operation when the main menu screen shown below replaces the copyright statement HP BASIC Software Operation 2 HP BASIC e 100 0 80 00 60 00 40 00 20 00 5 GHz 20 GHz Select menus with the labeled softkeys User 1 Running Setup Measure Format Display Sealing Output Help Figure 2 10 HP BASIC Main Menu Screen As explained below the HP 85071 software uses softkeys and menus to interact with the operator What are Softkeys Softkeys are keys which are relabeled to perform different functions as the program runs The labels for the softkeys are located on the bottom of the computer display The softkey labels correspond to the function keys F1 through F8 on the computer keyboard The softkeys are labeled with the names of the menus in the program Pressing a menu softkey brings up that menu of choices for working with the program Any time the softkeys are labeled they are active and can be used to select a menu Sometimes during the program the softkeys are relabeled When input from the keyboard is required the softkeys are labeled with terminators for the entry For example if start frequency is being entered the softkeys are re labeled GHz MHz KHz and Hz How to Use Menus Menus are lists of commands or other menus or both When a menu is selected in the HP 85071 menu choices or co
108. ow Printer won t print Make sure the printer is plugged in and turned on With the HP BASIC version make sure the printer is connected to the computer and set to address 01 plotter address is 05 Program won t run usually results from improper installation For the MS DOS version details appear in System Requirements in section 1 of chapter 2 Considerations include the following a Minimum amount of RAM m Type of flexible disk drive m Size of hard disk drive m Graphics requirements m Required MS DOS and Windows versions For the HP BASIC version details appear in System Requirements in section 2 of chapter 2 Considerations include the following In Case of Difficulty 5 1 5 Measurement Example 5 2 Before You Contact HP In Case of Difficulty The computer is not one of the unsupported exceptions Minimum amount of RAM Type of flexible disk drive BASIC version and required binaries HP IB interface card If problems persist and you want to contact HP first m Save a copy of the setup file Then log this information a Product HP 85071B a Software revision a Computer a If DOS type of HP IB card a Network analyzer and test set o network analyzer revision o network analyzer options a Problem description m Is the problem intermittent m How can one duplicate the problem Section 1 MS DOS Error Messages MS DOS Error Messages This section alphabetically lists the err
109. presented when the command is selected Dialog boxes must be filled in before proceeding with program operation Some dialog boxes require that you type in text others allow you to select options within the dialog box To exit a dialog box select one m OK keeps all of the changes made in the dialog box Cancel leaves the dialog box without changing anything How to Use Dialog Boxes with File Names Any time a test setup or data file is to be saved or recalled from disk the program displays a dialog box Save and recall dialog boxes contain two other types of boxes List boxes display file names and directories on the chosen disk drive m To change the disk drive double click on the drive name for example A To scan the directory click the arrows on the scroll bars To display the files in a directory double click on the parent directory marker the directory is one level higher in the system s disk directory organization m To save or recall a file double click on the desired file name Note any of these operations can also be performed by clicking once in the list box then pointing the mouse to OK and clicking the mouse button HP 85071 Windows Software Fundamentals 1 MS DOS Recall setup TEXT BOX FOR FILE Open File Name NAMES AND DIRECTORIES xtst Files in CAMATERIAL HP85071B CURRENT DIRECTORY DISPLAYED TEST1 TST PARENT DIRECTORY TEST2 TST MARK TEST3 TST DRIVE
110. py plot of the materials data in the current display format The hardcopy display is the same as the current HP 85071 program display Plot is presented as a choice only when the current display format is graphical Hardcopy plots can be directed to printers which support graphics printing modes Selecting Define plot allows the settings of the hardcopy plotter to be altered or customized In the MS DOS version of the program selecting define plot brings up the dialog box shown below Software Reference 8 27 Output Menu Save data 8 28 Software Reference HP85071B tup Measure Format Display Scale Output Configure plotter e 20 00 Colors 16 00 Black Aqua Green Orange 12 00 Yellow Violet Blue Brown Red None 6 000 4 000 Plotti HE 0 000 Aan Figure 8 24 Define plot Dialog Box MS DOS Version Selecting presents a dialog box to specify the file to save measurement data for future analysis For details on transferring data files into other application programs see chapter 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques The data file includes o The current measurement data trace both yp and e co The number of frequencies for the current data trace measurement MS DOS version File names have a maximum of eight cha
111. r MUT If you are using another network analyzer or a coaxial based measurement you may have to adapt this sequence to your setup The basic sequence for all of the analyzers is quite similar but if you need additional specific information refer to the documentation of the network analyzer Before you can make a measurement you must manually calibrate the network analyzer In the case of waveguide you must first load the waveguide cal ibration kit information into the network analyzer before the computer takes control of the system Then you can proceed with the calibration including setting the frequency range If you have not yet configured the hardware or loaded the software for your system refer to chapter 2 Getting Started How to Begin a Waveguide Calibration Start the HP 85071 Software Program Turn off the system computer Connect a disk drive to the network analyzer with an HP IB cable Turn on the drive and analyzer Insert the calibration kit disk in the drive For the HP 8720 press LOCAL SYSTEM CONTROLLER RECALL LOAD FROM DISK LOAD WR90 to load the waveguide cal kit data into the analyzer Note that when the information is correctly loaded the frequency range of the analyzer changes to match that of the cal kit in this example 8 2 to 12 4 GHz If the analyzer does not seem to load the cal kit data check that each instrument is set to its default HP IB address drive 0 analyzer 16
112. r Wave Measurement Accessories Catalog and the Test and Measurement Catalog Getting Started 2 19 2 HP BASIC Starting the HP 85071 Software 2 20 Getting Started COMPUTER ANALYZER PRINTER MAVEGUIDE FLANGES ADAPTERS OR CABLE ENDS Figure 2 9 Typical HP BASIC System Connection Diagram The connections for a typical system are shown above Other systems are similar Follow these suggestions Computer system connect keyboard mouse etc with instructions provided Printer or plotter connect device to HP IB connector of computer Network analyzer connect to HP IB connector of computer Cables connect to ports 1 and 2 of the network analyzer or test set if they are separate instruments Torque the connectors to five inch pounds To start the HP 85071 software program follow these steps l 3 To load the software from the working copy into memory type LOAD HP85071B and press or When the disk access annunciator in the bottom right of the computer CRT goes out the program is loaded If the system does not respond as expected change the mass storage unit with the MSUS command To run the program type RUN or press RUN The HP 85071 program s copyright screen will now appear displaying the copyright statement To erase the statement and view the main menu screen press ENTER or RETURN The HP 85071 software is ready f
113. racters Default file extension is PRN recognized by Lotus 1 2 3 others are possible Save data dialog box lists current disk drive and directory Allows choice of saving file information Title Operator Time Date Comments Data files can be saved to any disk drive and directory in the computer Data files are in ASCII compatible with Lotus 1 2 3 Microsoft Excel and most word processing programs To save data 1 Use the filename list box to select the name for the data file include drive and directory information to save to another location 2 Press to save the data file Recall data Output Menu HP850716 Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 20 00 Save As File Name c material 02724793 13 53 29 example 16 00 8 000 4 000 p a Neen pe ee ee ei 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 25 Save Data Dialog Box MS DOS Version HP BASIC version m File names have a maximum of ten characters Default data file preface is D_ for example D_51ptlog Screen lists all of the datafiles saved on the current drive and directory Other file names are permissible Data files are stored in an internal binary format Data files can easily be read by other HP Series 200 300 programs Full directory structure of the HFS hierarchical file system is
114. rademark of Microsoft Corporation Hewlett Packard Software Product License Agreement and Limited Warranty Important Please carefully read this License Agreement before opening the media envelope or operating the equipment Rights in the software are offered only on the condition that the Customer agrees to all terms and conditions of the License Agreement Opening the media envelope or operating the equipment indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions If you do not agree to the License Agreement you may return the unopened package for a full refund License Agreement In return for payment of the applicable fee Hewlett Packard grants the Customer a license in the software until terminated subject to the following Use Customer may use the software on one network analyzer instrument m Customer may not reverse assemble or decompile the software Copies and Adaptations m Customer may make copies or adaptations of the software o For archival purposes or a When copying or adaptation is an essential step in the use of the software with a computer so long as the copies and adaptations are used in no other manner m Customer has no other rights to copy unless they acquire an appropriate license to reproduce which is available from Hewlett Packard for some software m Customer agrees that no warranty free installation or free training is provided by Hewlett Packard for any copies or a
115. ranty contract tort or any other legal theory Warranty Service Warranty service may be obtained from the nearest Hewlett Packard sales office or other location indicated in the owner s manual or service booklet Safety Notes vi Caution Warning The following safety notes are used throughout this manual Familiarize yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this instrument The caution note denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met The warning note denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or loss of life Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Instruction The instruction manual symbol The product is Manual marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual Contents General Information Introduction ee ee The Software Incorporates Six Calculation Models Reflection Transmission Mu and Epsilon Nicholson Ross Model 2 2 2 2 Reflection Transmission Epsilon Precision Model Reflection Transmission Epsilon Fast Model Reflection Only Epsilon Short B
116. ready for operation Software Operation when the copyright statement is replaced with the main menu screen Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output e 20 00 16 00 12 00 6 000 4 000 0 000 0 200000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz Figure 2 3 HP 85071 Main Menu Screen Getting Started 2 7 1 MS DOS Microsoft Windows 2 8 Getting Started Basics Using the HP 85071 materials measurement software is very similar to using other Microsoft Windows application programs Windows techniques for running application programs include using a mouse choosing commands from menus working with dialog boxes and selecting files Documentation provided with Windows gives a complete description of the techniques for using Windows In this section a very brief overview of basic Windows techniques is presented What Is a Window A window is an area on the screen that displays a running open application program More than one application can run and be displayed at the same time Additionally open windows can be stored as icons at the bottom part of the screen This way an application can be kept open without showing it as a window in the work area Each window is divided into several areas as shown below Program Manager Remove Dashboard e 20 00 Read Me Vid 16
117. rement Techniques describes several advanced aspects of using the software In Case of Difficulty presents common measurement hang ups and solutions error messages and what to do about them and helpful hints Operator s Check is a simple procedure to check the integrity of the software Ordering Supplies is a list of supply part numbers It tells how and where to order them It also contains a bibliography Software Reference is designed to serve as a reference for each function and setup parameter in the software Each menu menu choice and entry parameter is explained in this chapter Index lists the words topics softkeys hardkeys and error messages of this manual Glossary defines important words and concepts of this manual This manual covers the software it was shipped with Serial number prefix not applicable Software revision 1 0 or above MS DOS version 3 2 or higher Microsoft Windows version 3 0 or 3 1 HP BASIC version BASIC 5 0 or higher Two versions of the software allow use of either HP Vectra PC compatible or HP 9000 series 300 computers MS DOS version of the software standard features the clean look of the Windows environment This version is for the HP Vectra PC and compatible machines It uses a mouse for most commands and entries It is not user modifiable Note Microsoft Windows and MS DOS are US registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation HP BASIC version of the software opt
118. res permeability of magnetic materials The model requires two measurements two measurements of one sample in different positions backed by a short circuit or two samples backed by a short circuit each measured once It is best for liquid or powder measurements Use the verify estimate feature to ensure a correct seed value is selected Where possible a transmission reflection measurement gives much better results a T R measurements are possible with thicker samples a T R measurements are not compromised by errors of relative length of the samples This command presents a dialog box to define Sample holder dimensions Sample thickness Units of measurement Cutoff frequency Air gap Sample holder type Sample holder length shown below is the electrical length of the sample holder added after calibration If you calibrate the system with the sample holder in place as recommended the length is zero 0 you add nothing more after calibration If you calibrate without the sample holder in place and then add it for measurements determine its length with a physical measurement of the sample holder or from phase group delay or time domain measurements made on the empty sample holder with the network analyzer Distance to sample shown below is the distance from the calibration plane for port 1 to the sample interface For a short backed line measurement this distance does not need to be specified and is not available for entry
119. rinter Connections 1 MS DOS a Handshake usually hardware a For serial printers o Baud rate how fast it will accept information a Word length typically between 4 and 8 a Parity odd even or none o Stop bits usually between 1 and 2 To install a driver access the control panel and select the printer icon Refer to Windows documentation under Control Panel for details Documentation in the form of ASCII text files is often included on the disk containing the drivers These are READMEx TXT files To list these files at the DOS prompt type for example dir a txt To read a file at the DOS prompt type for example on the HP PCL driver for HP LaserJets a readmehp txt more The purpose of all this is to install exactly the right driver for your particular printer Microsoft supplies many driver programs on floppy disks with the Windows package You must choose the driver for your printer and install it from floppy disk to hard disk before you can print You can install more than one driver and can have more than one printer connected to the system at one time however only one printer can be used at a time Drivers are updated from time to time so it is possible that a newer and better driver is available to use in place of the one supplied by Microsoft Drivers may also be available for printers not supported by Microsoft Contact Microsoft at m Microsoft Product Support Services 1 206 454 2030 For HP
120. river you want to record measurement results This selection points to a driver in Microsoft Windows described above If that driver supports more than one printer the printer must already have been chosen in the control panel The control panel also selects the hardware port to which the output will be sent and the protocol used by a serial port The port and protocol selected must match the actual port and protocol used often user settable on the printer CONFIG SYS is another file on the root directory containing commands which are executed when the computer is started It may contain references to device drivers such as keyboard mouse display hard disk etc CONFIG SYS may act in the same way as AUTOEXEC BAT but it is more common to edit AUTOEXEC BAT as explained above WIN INI is a file that Windows reads when starting up It is usually in the Windows directory It stores default settings of the HP 85071 program such as frequency number of points type of sweep etc To edit these settings 1 Use a text editor 2 Page down to HP 85071B 3 Edit as desired 4 Save and exit Conclusion 2 16 Getting Started This information is only a summary If you are unable to successfully print or plot within the HP 85071 software program do not hesitate to review the documentation of Windows the printer the cable and the interface 2 HP BASIC SECTION 2 HP BASIC Version of the Software To run t
121. roperly installed in the Windows Control Panel Try to communicate with this device with another Windows application Can not write to filename This error typically occurs when the disk is removed from the drive Data does not exist The attempt to save data to memory failed because no data trace exists Error number xxx opening filename These errors are generated by the DOS system Refer to DOS documentation for the nature of this particular error Illegal FILENAME Illegal characters were specified in the filename Only alphanumeric characters are allowed in the filename Illegal number of points Must be at least 11 and a multiple of 10 1 For the LOG sweep mode the number of points must be 11 21 31 101 ete Illegal number of points Must be 3 or more A minimum of 3 points must be specified Illegal start frequency Start frequency is either 1 less than minimum allowed by network analyzer 2 more than maximum allowed by network analyzer or 8 greater than stop frequency Illegal step frequency Step frequency is smaller than the minimum resolution of the network analyzer source Illegal stop frequency Stop frequency is either 1 less than minimum allowed by network analyzer 2 more than maximum allowed by network analyzer or 3 less than start frequency Instrument log sweep is not supported by this program An attempt to recall a calibration performed using the network analyzer s internal lo
122. s 1 MS DOS Commands that configure a serial port typically look like this MODE COM1 9600 N 8 1 If the printer is connected to a parallel port the mode command may look like this MODE LPT1 P Note that the MODE command can also redirect the printer from one logical port to another The default printer is usually assumed to be at LPT1 If the printer is a serial type the printer data may be redirected via LPT1 to COM1 with this command MODE LPT1 COM1 If needed the AUTOEXEC BAT file can be modified with EDLIN or other ASCII text editors Refer to DOS documentation for details on the MODE command After editing AUTOEXEC BAT restart the computer to read and execute the edited file Press CTRL ALT DEL to do so Other files can have an effect on printer performance though not as often as AUTOEXEC BAT Those files are described below in Other Files Worth Knowing About A cable is needed to connect printer to computer There are many cables to choose from Do not assume that a cable with connectors that merely mate correctly at each end will work correctly this is rarely the case The choice of cable is based on m Printer model m Type of interface serial RS 232 or parallel Centronics m Connector type at each end e g 9 pin 25 pin or 36 pin m Sex at each end male or female For HP printers the Computer Users Catalog provides an excellent look up table to help choose the correct cabl
123. s 8 23 Memory gt data 2 2 ee ee ee 8 24 Traces displayed 2 a a a a eee 8 24 Reference trace 2 2 2 a a a a 8 24 Trace math 2 2 ee ee a 8 24 Seale Menu oaa 8 25 Autoscale 2 2 ee a 8 25 Set scale 2 a a a 8 25 Default 2 2 a a 8 26 Output Menu 2 en 8 26 Print 2 2 2 2 8 27 Plot 2 2 2 8 27 Define plot 2 2 en 8 27 Save data 2 0 2 a 8 28 Recall data 2 2 a a a 8 29 Help Menu 2 ee ee ee 8 30 Conclusion 2 2 a 8 31 Glossary Index Contents 5 Figures Contents 6 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 16 3 17 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 10 8 11 8 12 8 13 Typical MS DOS System Connection Diagram 2 6 Windows Program Manager System 2 7 HP 85071 Main Menu Screen 2 7 Graphic Showing a Window Work Area and Application Icon 04 2 8 Mouse and Location of Main Mouse Button 2 9 Drop Down Menu and Highlighted Selected Command 2 10 Example of Dialog Box ooo a a a 2 11 Principal Components of the Software Screen 2 11 Typical HP BASIC System Connection Diagram 2 20 HP BASIC Main Menu Screen 2 2 21 HP BASIC Sample Menu Selections 2 020 2 22 Main Menu Screen with Pull Outs Describing Principal Functions of C
124. s manual First Steps Before using the HP 85071 software be sure that both of these items have been received and appear to be in good condition Contact your Hewlett Packard representative if either item is missing or appears to be damaged This manual is a complete guide to using the HP 85071 software to make materials measurements As outlined below it explains how the system works how to set it up how to use the software how to check the system and where to find reference material General Information introduces the idea of material measurements with a network analyzer It explains the functions of the analyzer computer software and sample holder in making measurements Getting Started lists required system equipment tells how to configure load and install the hardware and software and presents operator interface techniques It also discusses display organization data presentation entry prompts instructions At this point the user is ready to make a measurement Measurement Tutorial provides a general overview of the software It also discusses calibration sample holders and material preparation and the data reduction models A step by step guided example of a calibration and measurement with the HP 85071 software concludes this chapter First time users are urged to perform the sample measurement procedures outlined in this chapter What This Manual Covers Description of the Software Advanced Measu
125. s properties complex e Secti 1 G l The soft is designed to calculate material ti l Overview and u from the S parameter measurements of a sample in waveguide or coaxial transmission line or free space Sample Shapes Each type of transmission line requires a different shape sample and sample holder m waveguide sample is brick shaped sample holder is a section of waveguide transmission line m Coax sample is donut shaped sample holder has a precision connector such as 7mm at each port and a precision center conductor m Free space sample is flat sample holder varies Measurement Tutorial 3 1 1 General Overview Material Material Material To Sample To Network Network Analyzer Analyzer f _ Figure 3 1 Samples in Coaxial and Waveguide Transmission Lines and Free Space Calibrating the The software requires that you manually calibrate the network System analyzer measurement system before making a measurement Calibration removes measurement uncertainties from the system If possible calibrate with the sample holder connected to port 2 for reasons see sections 2 and 3 following After calibration minimize changes to the measurement system such as cable movement and temperature variations More detailed information on the calibration process can be found in the network analyzer s documentation A calibration example concludes this chapter M
126. sion Model This model is based on recently published work by the National Institute of Standards and Technology It is an accurate technique which is independent of the placement of the sample in the sample holder Reflection Transmission Epsilon Fast Model This is a faster technique for characterizing the dielectric constant of a material Both the fast and precision reflection transmission epsilon models are immune to the sample half wavelength calculation problems found with the Nicholson Ross Weir technique General Information 1 1 Items Supplied with the Software About this Manual 1 2 General Information Reflection Only Epsilon Short Backed Model This characterizes the dielectric properties of a material in a coax or waveguide transmission line backed by a short circuit or bonded to a ground plane It is simple and best for liquid or powder or measurements Reflection Only Epsilon Arbitrary Backed Model This characterizes dielectric materials backed by an arbitrary but repeatable termination It is simple and best for thin film measurements Reflection Only Mu and Epsilon Single Double Model This is the only reflection model capable of permeability measurements It is slow and requires two measurements It is best for liquid or powder measurements These items constitute the HP 85071 materials measurement software a HP 85071 software disk one 3 5 inch high density double sided disk m Thi
127. sition definition mode o Refl Tran e Prec n model not supported o Refl Tran e Fast model supported in the accurate sample position definition mode m HP 8753A B or C these network analyzers need a companion test set for operation with the software The following test sets are supported o HP 85044A reflection transmission test set subject to the same limitations as the HP 8752A o HP 85046A S parameter test set o HP 85047A S parameter test set HP 8719A or C HP 8720A B or C HP 8722A or C these network analyzers contain S parameter test sets as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements HP 8510B or C this network analyzer requires a companion test set and a synthesized source for operation with the software Frequency range is determined by the test set and source All test sets supported by the HP 8510B are supported by the software The HP 8340 HP 8341 or HP 8360 family sources are supported by the software HP 8510B or C firmware revision 5 0 or higher is required Note Installation 2 HP BASIC The HP 8510A is not supported by the software but can be upgraded to an HP 8510C with the HP 85103C upgrade kit HP BASIC Installation The Hewlett Packard BASIC operating system version 5 0 or higher is required for the HP 85071 software Additionally the BASIC system must include the previously listed binaries for operation with the HP 85071 software Refer t
128. splays the permittivity results The initial results are presented on the default scale of 0 to 20 in the e versus frequency format as shown below E 20 00 02 07 93 12 02 11 16 00 12 00 8 000 4 000 p f f Hatata lt p 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 3 12 Default Display of Air Measurement Each format is displayed in the scale last used for that format To change the scale of the software display m Select in the main menu screen m Select the three commands in turn to scale the y axis Autoscale enables the software to automatically set the minimum and maximum values on the y axis based on the range of the measurement data Set scale presents a dialog box to allow you to enter minimum and maximum values for the y axis To duplicate the figure below enter 2 0 for the value of Y Maximum Default scales the y axis as defined in the software Change the Format of the Data 5 Measurement Example Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 2 000 02 04 53 11 54 15 1 600 1 200 ee See ee O EEE S S S A E E 0 800 0 400 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 3 13 Display of Air Measurement with Y Maximum 2 Data can be formatted as one of seven graphs or one of two tables
129. st be thinner for c u measurements Common Waveguide Bands Setup Menu EIA WR Band Frequency Range GHz Cutoff Frequency GHz Width a inch 340 2 20 3 30 1 736 3 400 284 S 2 60 3 95 2 078 2 840 187 G 3 95 5 85 3 152 1 872 137 J 5 85 8 20 4 301 1 372 90 X 8 20 12 4 6 557 0 900 62 P 12 4 18 0 9 486 0 622 42 K 18 0 26 5 14 047 0 420 28 R 26 5 40 0 21 080 0 280 22 Q 33 0 50 0 26 340 0 224 19 U 40 0 60 0 31 360 0 188 Air gap allows definition of gaps between the sample and its coaxial or waveguide holder for increased measurement accuracy Remember the best gap is no gap next best is a small precisely measured gap To use this feature select Correction on HP85071B r EEr l m it oe Se oe Le rae ee Sample holder description Sample Distance Small width of waveguide 7 915 units Correction on inch Sample t small width of sample 1 013 mil i cm K Waveguide measurement cross sectional view Port 1 pi Small width of waveguide Small width of sample Aan Figure 8 5 Air Gap Waveguide Dialog Box MS DOS Version Air Gap Calculations The software calculates air gap corrections based on the following figure and equations X corrected value of X Xm measured value of X Software Reference 8 9 Setup Menu Coaxial
130. step 0 396000000 GHz Num pts 51 0 000 0 200000000 GHz 20 000000000 GHz ss Figure 8 2 Set Frequency Dialog Box MS DOS Version HP BASIC version Software Reference 8 3 Setup Menu Model 8 4 Software Reference m Sweep mode toggles when command is chosen m The current sweep mode is underlined This command presents a dialog box to choose one of the measurement models It also briefly describes each model The models calculate materials parameters from the measured S parameters Select the Model command Then select the desired measurement model by filling in the buttons or underlining the choices Acknowledge your selection with OK Selecting Cancel does not change the measurement model selected Refl Tran u amp e N R Model requirements m Measurement of S11 521 S12 and S22 a Full 2 port calibration a Approximate sample position or m Measurement of S11 and S21 m One path 2 port calibration m Exact sample position and m One sample a 4 wavelength sample thickness is optimum This model measures all four or a pair of S parameters of the material under test Both u and for the material are computed The materials parameters are obtained by a direct solution calculation for example y and can be obtained directly from the S parameter data For low loss materials sample thicknesses near n 2 caus
131. stics change with frequency dissipation factor D ratio of energy lost to energy stored per cycle in a system same as tan 6 inverse of Q symbol for absolute permittivity is used more often Er symbol for relative permittivity to free space if complex Ert jet homogeneous having uniform properties throughout non homogeneous materials are usually mixtures of two materials induced dipoles temporary dipoles created by electric fields ionic a dielectric mechanism fairly strong lossy operating at all frequencies where mobile ionic charges migrate in a material isotropic properties do not vary with orientation non isotropic materials are usually fibrous or crystaline K symbol for dielectric constant and always relative to free space if complex jx t equivalent to e loss angle see 6 loss factor see Ki OF h loss index KM OY Eh loss tangent see tan 6 MUT Material Under Test Nicolson Ross method S parameter method using 2 port transmission lines see Product Note 8510 3 penetration depth distance through a lossy dielectric over which the field strength falls by 1 e due to energy absorption permanent dipoles molecular structures that inherently have a non symmetrical charge distribution permeability measure of effect a material has on magnetic fields ratio of flux over field permittivity measure of effect a material has on electric fields ratio of flux over f
132. supported m To save data 1 Type in the file name at the prompt 2 To change drive or directory type in new volume directory and mass storage unit specifier information at the display prompt 3 Press ENTER or RETURN recalls data files from disk MS DOS version m File dialog box presents drive icons A B etc and directory icons directory names presented in bold m Single click on icons to list their files m Single click on filename to recall data file from disk HP BASIC version m Type in new mass storage specifier for example 700 1 HP85071 Data to change the disk drive used with the program Software Reference 8 29 Help Menu Help Menu 8 30 Software Reference The help menu is an on line indexed description of the different commands in the software HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F1 mojdaysyr Choices noon Set frequency Model Format Display Scale Save setup Output Recall setup 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 8 26 Help Menu MS DOS Version MS DOS version m Selecting help in the main menu brings up two list boxes with scroll bars m List box on left shows the menus in the software setup display measure etc o Double click on menu to see its help message o Single click on menu
133. tional information you contact NIST Refer to NIST Calibration Services User s Guide NIST Special Publication 250 1990 or later One of the measurement services offered by NIST uses the same algorithm as the HP 85071 software Air Gap Correction This applies to coaxial and waveguide transmission line measurements and is software driven For details see Setup Menu Air Gap Calculations in Chapter 8 Software Reference Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 1 5 Measurement Example Sample Holder Length Loss To reduce measurement uncertainties due to the sample holder m Use a well matched sample holder with minimum loss m Calibrate with the sample holder at port 2 a If you add the sample holder after calibration match its length to that of the sample if possible For details regarding sample holders see section 3 of chapter 3 For an example measurement using a sample holder see section 5 of chapter 3 Accessing MS DOS Data Files Importing Data into Lotus 1 2 3 Lotus 1 2 3 Method I Importing Numbers without the Header Data files from the MS DOS and HP BASIC versions of the software can be accessed with the following methods The HP BASIC method concludes this chapter Data files created by the HP 85071 materials measurement software can be imported into Lotus 1 2 3 or Excel for further calculations There is no difference between the file formats for bringing the data
134. tivity Hr relative permeability a width of broad wall of waveguide c 2a Other Factors These include sample composition and fit It is important that the sample be uniform and completely fill the guide in the transmission line sample holder Any air gaps between the sample and the center or outer conductor will cause measurement errors The sample should fit tightly in the holder and be free of nicks Air Gap Correction 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations Gaps between the sample and its transmission line holder may dominate the uncertainties of the measurement especially for high permittivity materials The air gap correction function of the software moderates this effect This function is part of the sample holder command in the setup menu For details see Setup Menu Air Gap Calculations in chapter 8 Software Reference WAVEGUIDE lt gt SA eee SH eee os cee LA eases oe z ee 9 ee SK LX w L w SS 3 L Q OR RRS ZLOK Figure 3 4 Air Gap Correction Figure Air gap correction applies to coax and waveguide measurements not free space It is based on work presented in NIST technical note 1355 see chapter 7 Ordering Supplies for listing Measurement Tutorial 3 9 4 Measurement Models Section 4 Measurement Models Six different measurement calculation models are available in the software Each model has different advantages and limitations The
135. to list its constituent commands in the choice list box on the right m Double click on command to see its help message E Single click Cancel to exit help menu HP BASIC version m Selecting Help in the main menu displays list of menus and commands m Select the menu that help is required for The software lists and summarizes each command m Select Morehelp to return to the beginning of the help screen with choices for each menu displayed m Select Leave help to leave the help screen E Select Exit to return to the main menu and restore the instrument display Conclusion In terms of learning how the software works reading this chapter is a poor substitute for actually using the software Nonetheless if you need additional information you should not overlook two other information sources the index and the glossary Software Reference 8 31 Glossary The following entries are defined in terms of material measurements with the HP 85071 software absorption to take in electro magnetic energy usually as heat absorption bands distinct frequency bands at which electro magnetic energy is strongly coupled into a material and absorbed AC loss dielectric loss as D for capacitors but excluding DC leakage Baker Jarvis method a 2 port S parameter transmission line method using new algorithms that promise to eliminate the multiple half wavelength drop outs of the Nicolson Ross method does not yield H Col
136. tton to indicate selection m Click on GK to make selection HP BASIC version m Underline the choice m Acknowledge your selection with OK Selecting does not save the measurement data trace to any of the memory traces Software Reference 8 23 Display Menu Memory gt data Traces displayed Reference trace Trace math 8 24 Software Reference Selecting Memory gt data presents a dialog box to select the memory trace to save into the active data trace Choices for Memory 1 gt data Memory 2 gt data and Memory 3 gt data are presented This operation is a valid choice only when data is in memory MS DOS version m Fill in the button to indicate selection m Click on OK to make selection HP BASIC version m Underline the choice m Acknowledge your selection with OK Selecting Cancel does not perform any memory gt data operation Selecting presents a dialog box to select the trace to be displayed Choices for Data Memory 1 Memory 2 and Memory 3 are presented To select the desired traces for display fill in the buttons or underline the choices Then acknowledge your selection with OK Selecting does not change the traces displayed Selecting Reference trace presents a dialog box to choose which trace is defined as the reference trace for trace mathematics Choices for Data Memory 1 Memory 2 and Memory 3 are presented Select the desired trace to define as the reference tr
137. tware The menus are indexed in the order in which they are used and appear on the screen The MS DOS version of the menus are illustrated the BASIC version is similar These are the general functions of the menus Setup describes the sample holder and sample thickness as well as selects which measurement model is to be used for obtaining materials parameters It also selects the frequency range and linear or logarithmic frequency distribution It also allows you to save and recall test setups to disk Measure triggers a measurement and converts the measurement to complex permittivity for display In this menu you can also title the graphs and tabular listings of measurement data Format allows selection of graphical formats or tabular formats for displaying calculated permittivity and permeability data Display offers data manipulation choices transfer the current measurement Data trace to any of three memory traces select which traces are displayed transfer any of the three memory traces to the Data trace and specify a reference trace and complex math operations between the traces Scale lets you scale the data automatically or manually Output permits hardcopy plots of graphs and prints of data tables This menu also lets you save and recall measurement data to disk Help is an indexed summary of the function of all commands Software Reference 8 1 Setup Menu Setup Menu Set frequency 8 2 Software Reference
138. uide sample holders are limited to use in the waveguide frequency band However they can be easy to fabricate and require less sample preparation Free space samples should be flat material preparation may be unnecessary This type of material measurement is broadband Rather than the material being contained within a transmission line antennas radiate energy through the sample Air gaps are not a problem with this technique The sample holder length distance to sample and sample thickness are entered in the sample holder menu The thickness and distance information needs to be characterized as accurately as possible Sample Holder Length This is the length of transmission line added to the measurement path after calibration For both coaxial and waveguide lines it is the distance between the outer conductor mating surfaces In other words it is the actual length added to the transmission path when the sample holder is tightened in place It should be calibrated out or precisely measured To calibrate out the sample holder length connect the sample holder to port 2 during calibration as shown below Then calibrate the system using the sample holder as one of the calibration reference planes Note that since additional transmission line is not added after calibration the holder length is 0 zero 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations Cable to Port 1 Calibration Cable to Port 2 Reference Planes Cable to Port 1
139. urements of the complex permittivity epsilon and permeability u mu for a wide range of solid materials It performs all of the necessary network analyzer control calculation and data presentation functions In brief the software m Controls the network analyzer to measure the complex S parameters of a material sample m Converts these S parameters of the sample holder sample material to S parameters at the sample interface m Calculates the complex material parameters and p m Displays the measurement results in a variety of graphical and tabular formats m Facilitates these functions Printing or plotting the results o Saving the results to disk o Saving test setups to disk Calibration of the measurement system is performed manually on the network analyzer to allow full flexibility in the use of calibration kits and techniques From this point on the software is used to calculate and analyze the constituent materials parameters The following paragraphs summarize the calculation models For details see chapter 8 Software Reference Reflection Transmission Mu and Epsilon Nicholson Ross Model This is an adaptation of the classical Nicholson Ross Weir technique described in the literature and in Hewlett Packard Product Note 8510 3 This technique characterizes both dielectric and magnetic properties of a material sample from reflection and transmission measurements Reflection Transmission Epsilon Preci
140. ust exactly match the frequency range of any stored data to bring the data trace back into the software The frequency range of the data is presented in the error message so that you can go back to the Set frequency choice in the Setup menu to change the frequency setup The Refl e model requires a one port calibration Perform a one port cal and remeasure The Refl Tran measurement models require a two port calibration Perform a two port cal and remeasure Y max and Y min can not be the same value The maximum and minimum values for the graphical display were specified to be the same value Enter new different values 5 8 In Case of Difficulty Operator s Check Note The HP 85071 materials measurement software consists of just the software and the manual Thus the operator s check consists of successfully loading the software onto the system hard disk Depending on your type of computer system follow either the MS DOS or HP BASIC procedure below Loading the software is a powerful quick check It is not a substitute for installing it to run To install and run the software refer to chapter 2 Procedure for MS DOS Software Version HP 85071 Software Check Before loading the software you must m Install Microsoft DOS not supplied m Install Microsoft Windows not supplied Computer system requirements required DOS and Windows versions are listed in System Requirements ch
141. weep time enough for the analyzer to operate in step mode Reflection transmission test sets are subject to some limitations Examples of such tests sets are the HP 85044 used with the HP 8743 and the built in HP 8752 test set These are the limitations a Refl Tran u amp e N R model supported in the accurate sample position definition mode only a Refl Tran e Prec n model not supported a Refl Tran e Fast model supported in the accurate sample position definition mode only Measurement Tutorial 3 5 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations Section 3 Sample and Sample Holder Considerations Sample Holder Coaxial versus Waveguide Sample Holders Free Space Dimensions of Holder and Sample 3 6 Measurement Tutorial The software assumes that the sample holder is well matched and has negligible loss Only the phase shift of the known lengths of transmission line is accounted for Use only a precision well matched sample holder Connect it to port 2 prior to calibration Any reflections off the input or output of the sample holder will degrade the calculated material parameters For best measurement results the sample should fill the cross section of the transmission line with no air gaps Coaxial sample holders have the inherent advantage of being broadband They are however typically harder to construct for the ease of sample loading Coaxial samples also require more preparation Waveg
142. y Memory trace 1 holds the original air measurement The data trace holds the second current air measurement Trace math calculates each of these measurements divided by the reference original measurement The display shows the percent difference above or below the reference For example 1 003 means that the trace being compared to the reference is 0 3 greater than the reference trace Thus trace 1 trace 1 always has the value of 1 The data trace should have been fairly close to the original measurement now in memory 1 Thus data trace 1 should have values that are close to 1 but not exactly 1 Measurement Tutorial 3 21 5 Measurement Example Print or Plot the Data 3 22 Measurement Tutorial Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output el A 02 07 93 A 12 12 16 1 004 1 002 lt p 0 998 0 996 0 994 8 200000000 GHz 12 400000000 GHz Figure 3 16 Traces Compared With Trace Math m Turn off the trace math feature in the display menu Printing or plotting measurement data is as easy as selecting the appropriate command in the output menu However before a printer or plotter can be used with the software it must be installed and configured If you have not already done so or if you have any problems getting a print or plot refer to the previous chapter
143. y so that each can be configured for a particular system or purpose Unfortunately this means that both must be configured correctly to communicate with each other Additionally in the context of the HP 85071 software the software Windows MS DOS logical and hardware ports a cable and the printer itself must all interact properly to achieve the desired results Once you have set up your system you will use only the interface of the HP 85071 software to measure materials and store or print the results But now you must relate to other normally invisible parts of the system to set it up At this time Windows should have been installed on your computer by running a program named SETUP If you have not already installed Windows refer to section of chapter 2 to do so For now skip the part of the SETUP program that installs printers by selecting continue Through the Windows control panel you can modify a number of printer parameters Run the control panel application It will let you install a driver for your printer Drivers are programs that translate pictorial information from an application running under Windows into commands a printer can understand Each different kind of printer has a separate driver designed for it Before actually running the control panel application consult your printer manual to determine the following m Name and model number of printer exactly Connection type serial or parallel Add New P
144. y is always present in the window Most of the time the instrument display presents measurement data as a graph However the data can also be presented as a tabular listing Getting Started 2 11 1 MS DOS Conclusion Data trace is a graph of measurement data in the chosen format It may be the current trace or one recalled from memory How to Exit the Program To exit the program point at the small box in the upper left hand corner of the display and click the main mouse button Now that you have installed the software and hardware loaded the program and learned the basic operator interface techniques you may be ready to make a measurement If you still need to install a printer or plotter continue with Tips for Using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft Windows Otherwise continue with chapter 3 Measurement Tutorial Tips for Using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft Windows Software Setting Up Windows Control Panel Settings 2 12 Getting Started The following information applies generally to any printer or plotter the term is used generically and any MS DOS personal computers running Microsoft Windows Therefore it does not give exact instructions but rather lists general issues that must be addressed to print successfully At best hooking up a printer to a computer is as simple as connecting the two with a cable However computers and printers are each designed for maximum flexibilit
145. z KHz MHz GHz Sweep mode 2 0 0 0 ee ee ee Model 2 2 2 Refl Tranu amp eN R 2 Refl Trane Prec n a ee 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 6 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 6 Refl Trane Fast 2 0 ee 8 5 Refl e Short Back 2 2 ee 8 6 Refl e Arbit Back 0 a e 8 6 Refl u amp e Sing Dbl ooo aa a 8 7 Sample holder a a a a a 0 22 004 8 7 Air Gap Calculations o oaoa a a 8 9 Coaxial Equations 0 8 10 Waveguide Equations 0 8 10 Verify estimate 2 2 a a a a a a a 8 11 Save setup o a a a a a a 8 12 Recall setup 0 2 a a a a a 8 13 Short menus Full menus 8 13 Status bar oaoa a a 8 13 Measure Menu aaa ee 8 13 Trigger measurement a a ee 8 14 Recalculate 2 2 a a 8 15 Title a a 8 15 Forward measurement ONLY 2 2 8 15 Retrieve measurement ooo a a a a 8 16 Retrieving measurement 2 8 16 Measure Retrieve Backing 4 8 16 Measure Retrieve Sample 2 8 16 Format Menu 0 0 00 2 0 0 008 8 17 el a 8 18 e a 8 18 Loss tangent e oao a a a a a 8 19 Cole Cole no a a 8 19 Woa a 8 20 Uaa a 8 20 Loss tangent u aoa a a a a 8 21 Tabular Re amp Im a a a 8 21 Tabular Re amp Tan d aoa a a 8 22 Display Menu we 8 22 Data gt memory 2 eee ee
146. zer the software indicates that a calibration is required and then return to the main menu If the frequency range of the current calibration does not match the frequency range currently defined in the software the program warns you before taking measurements Once started the measurement can always be aborted by selecting Cancel Recalculate Title Forward measurement ONLY Measure Menu Selecting Recalculate allows the software to recompute the materials parameters without remeasuring the material under test This is useful for seeing the results one measurement while changing m Measurement model m Sample holder definition It is also useful for examining the sensitivity of the calculation to different sample position entries Selecting Title allows you to enter any information description of material operator etc you wish to place at the top of the graphical and tabular displays Selecting the title command and entering no information clears the current title In the MS DOS version you can also enter the date and time It is displayed and printed to the right of the measurement graticule HP85071B Setup Measure Format Display Scale Output 2 Title appears here after selecting OK e 100 0 94 01 01 Enter a title for the material under test l Enter title here up to sixty characters select OK Date 947

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