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1. esess 19 push pull plug 16 R refilling window s 30 Refilling window 46 retention and conductivity function 75 S Saturation bowl 98 saturation dish 33 cle XM Y 48 103 104 UMS semi permeable diaphragm 15 sensor diaphragm 30 SHOFE QlOONVG nen 30 SIHYPEDIT 2 Nissan 8 soil samples 19 soil water pressure 5 soil water tension 5 14 15 stainless steel sampling ring 16 starting conditions 50 systematic errors 76 T temperature probe 16 tensioLINK bus sss 13 tensioVIEW eseeeeees 41 TOPUUOSINY nee 76 tortuosity parameter 15 U unsaturated conductivity 75 USB cable s ceca ir nde eR Or 37 Uwe Schindler 8 V van Genuchten function 75 van Genuchten Mualem modell 75 Vapour pressure eese 79 W water conductivity 15 water flow eeeeeeeeeeene 73 water retention characteristics 9 water s flow rate
2. 73 Your addressee at UMS Your addressee at UMS Sales Thomas Keller Tel 49 89 126652 19 Email tk ums muc de About this manual Thomas Keller Tel 49 89 126652 19 Email tk ums muc de UMS GmbH Ph 49 89 126652 0 D 81379 Munchen Fax 49 89 126652 20 Gmunderstr 37 email info ums muc de Ce Strictly observe rules for disposal of equipment EZ containing electronics R cknahme nach Elektro G Within the EU disposal through municipal waste WEEE Reg Nr DE 69093488 prohibited return electronic parts back to UMS 104 104 2012 UMS GmbH Munich Germany Print HYPROP versO2 13 Subject to modifications and amendments without notice Ce UMS GmbH Gmunder Str 37 81379 Munich Tel 49 0 89 12 66 52 0 Fax 49 0 89 12 66 52 20 ums ums mMuc de Wwww umMms muc de
3. 65 104 Evaluation wa 7 Evaluation Evaluate a measurement with the HYPROP FIT software To execute the evaluation in the correct order proceed through the menus Information Messung Auswertung Fitting and Export step by step All options of the software as well as background information about evaluation and data fitting can be found in the extensive online manual of HYPROP FIT click on Help in the status line 66 104 Trouble shooting 8 Trouble shooting 1 It is not possible to achieve a bubble free filling 2 The Tensiometer readings only rise very slowly 3 The Tensiometer reaches a maximum of 50 kPa then the reading drops 4 The Tensiometer shows readings beyond vacuum 100 kPa 5 The curve cannot be fitted 6 The recording of readings has stopped UMS Possible cause and solution If the tip is completely dry just put the empty shaft in a beaker with deionised or distilled water overnight Could depend on the soil type for example sand has a poor conductivity Thus the curve of the readings will be flatter than for example in a clayey soil The Tensiometer is not sufficiently filled and degassed see 1 A leakage has occurred see 3 The Tensiometer is not sufficiently filled and degassed see 1 The shaft was not properly screwed onto the pressure body and the O ring is not tight Reassemble the shaft This is no error but a particular
4. The calculation and fitting procedure settings and background is described in a separate Manual which will be installed with our new HYPROP FIT Software see attached link below New release of the data evaluation and hydraulic functions fitting software HYPROP FIT HYPROP Version 2 0 Download Software The new software for evaluation of HYPROP measurements can be downloaded here http www ums muc de static HYPROP FIT zip 11 104 Process summary Process summary Preparation of sample and hardware Fill HYPROP sensor unit s and Tensiometer shafts Take samples with soil sampling rings Saturate the soil samples Drill the holes for the Tensiometer shafts Place the sampling ring on the sensor unit Connect the sensor unit to the PC Connect the scale to the PC Configuration of the tensioVIEW software Add the scale Define your measuring campaign Select file and sample name s Optionally select units and intervals Optionally enter initial water content or select automatically Select model and soil type Execute the measurement campaign Start the measurement data is stored from this point Wait for constant starting conditions Set the starting line as soon as tension readings are constant Weigh the samples in intervals every 12 to 48 hours depending on soil type When one of the Tensiometers runs dry make the final weighing and stop the cam
5. js K h K ajh h ahh i an i Here the residual water content 8 the water content at saturation S h 1 alh 0 the inverse value of the bubble point potential o cm 7 and the pore size distribution n are the fitting parameters for the retention function Furthermore the tortuosity parameter 7 and the saturated conductivity K are fitted to get the conductivity function 10 3 2 The bimodal van Genuchten Mualem Model This model suggested by Durner 1994 describes the retention and conductivity function by overlapping of two individual van Genuchten functions Priesack and Durner 2006 yey 5 h Y o a t Ca ayy 2 i wy Qa 1 ah K h A 2 W 1 n m m 2 i wa j l The j are indexes for the parameters of each van Genuchten function and w are the weights of both partial functions The following restriction applies 0 lt w lt 1 and w 75 104 Theoretical basics 10 3 3 The Brooks and Corey Model In the Brooks amp Corey model the retention and conductivity function are defined as Brooks and Corey 1964 S h l for hza C0 daly for h lt a K for h gt a K h K an ia for h lt a A LH and v are two fitting parameters which correspond to the pore size distribution respectively with the tortuosity 10 4 Optimization of the parameter The h and K h functions are adapted simultaneously to
6. of the column The data for the hydraulic conductivity function are determined by inverting the Darcy Equation Kdr e Ah Az 1 h hi EAD hi ni is the medial water tension between two evaluation points with K as the related hydraulic conductivity in cm h Ah ui h h ni is the medial difference of the water tension between both Tensiometers whereas Az z z is the distance between both Tensiometers in cm Unreliable K data sets close to saturation are filtered depending to the measuring accuracy of the Tensiometers To get a sufficient number of data points for the hydraulic function even with relatively long intervals both the tension curve and the weight curve between two evaluation points are interpolated with hermitian splines Peters and Durner 2008 On this basis relatively short evaluation intervals are achieved 10 3 Retention and conductivity functions Normally hydraulic characteristics are described by parametric functions for och and K h With HYPROP three models can be chosen These models can be adapted to measure data via a robust and non linear optimizing procedure 74 104 Theoretical basics i 20 YEARS UMS 10 3 1 The van Genuchten Mualem modell With this model the effective saturation S 0 0 0 0 and the unsaturated conductivity X in relation to the matric potential A are predetermined by the following equation formula van Genuchten 1980
7. 2s S Tension bottom 933 hPa Figure 5 9 46 104 Set up the HYPROP i 20 YEARS UMS 5 2 4 Current readings In this window you can display current values of the Tension Bottom Tension top and Temperature depending on the Parameter Interval 5 2 5 Stored readings In this window you can download stored readings and delete stored readings if logged data is available 47 104 Set up the HYPROP 5 3 Add the scale Before you can start a measuring campaign the scale needs to be added to the system As scales have different specifications no automatic search is implemented in the program Only scales supplied by UMS are pre set There are two ways to add a new scale 1 Click the right mouse button on HYPROP in the parent directory to open the Add and Add HYPROP device window Click on Add new Scales 2 Select the button in the menu Devices Add gt lt Add new device El Add Device MIE Ek Select one device to add Properties saa db xxr T1 T E uw Hyprop Weight Scale wl HPC am S wa HP Manufacturer Kem v Type EG2200 w rz Weight Scale M C RS Name Weight Scale Serel Interface Interface ICOM2 Baudrate DataBits StopBits Test Scales Value Status Measure Add new Scales Figure 5 10 48 104 Set up the HYPROP T 20 YEARS UMS Select the scale type for example Kern EG2200 the
8. calculation method and improved the method to be more precise Furthermore he developed the software SHYPFIT 2 0 to adapt the retention and conductivity functions to the measured data and implemented it in the HYPROP calculation software The thesis is documented in following publications 1 Peters A and W Durner 2008 Simplified Evaporation Method for Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Journal of Hydrology under review 8 104 HYPROP system i 20 YEARS UMS 2 Peters A and W Durner 2007 Optimierung eines einfachen Verdunstungsverfahrens zur Bestimmung bodenhydraulischer Eigenschaften Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft im Druck 3 Peters A and W Durner 20068 Improved estimation of soil water retention characteristics from hydrostatic column experiments Water Resource Res 42 W11401 doi 10 1029 2006WR004952 4 Peters A und W Durner 2006b SHYPFIT 2 0 Users Manual Internal Report Institut f r Geo kologie Technische Universitat Braunschweig 5 Peters A and W Durner 2005 Verbesserte Methode zur Bestimmung der Retentionsfunktion aus statischen Saulenexperimenten Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 107 83 84 6 Peters A and W Durner 2007 Optimierung eines einfachen Verdunstungsverfahrens zur Bestimmung bodenhydraulischer Eigenschaften Tagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft Dresden 2 9 September 2007 URL http www
9. cohesive soils clayey soil we recommend an interval of 3 weight measurements per day For less cohesive soils sandy soil 1 weight measurement per day is sufficient At the end of each interval you are asked to measure the samples To do so unplug the LEMO plug from the sensor unit The system 57 104 Perform a measuring campaign will automatically recognize which sample is put on the scale The number of samples is limited to 20 A new menu opens on the screen showing information about the status and the routine of the weighing Follow the given instructions fig 49 ES Status SensorUnit 3 Weighing procedure SensorUnit 3 Task Status w Entfernen sie das vorherige Messgut von der Waage Erledigt Stellen sie den Messkopf SensorUnit 3 auf die Waage Warten amp Abfrage des Gewichts von SensorUnit 3 Schlie en sie SensorUnit 3 wieder an tensioLINK an Figure 6 5 6 4 8 Interrupt a measuring campaign A measurement can be interrupted temporarily as the readings are stored Reload them with Open project in the main tensioVIEW menu also for example after a power breakdown 58 104 Perform a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS 6 5 Description of an ideal measured curve Each measurement proceeds in 3 phases provided that Tensiometers and sensor unit have an excellent filling Phase 1 Boiling retardation The Tensiometer readings rise without flattening into the range of boiling retar
10. is not sufficient Therefore the main power supply unit should always be connected 36 104 Set up the HYPROP lt 20 YEARS UMS In the single device mode the HYPROP assembly remains on the scale and the USB cable is connected all the time Therefore it is important to stabilize the USB cable A proper stabilization for the USB cable is required Even smallest movements of the cable can cause erroneous measurements See more next chapter Figure 5 3 37 104 Set up the HYPROP 5 1 1 Scale A laboratory scale with interface is required If the type of scale is not in the following list the scale is not supported and has to be send in to UMS incl manual and interface cable Supported scales Kern EG2200 recommended Kern EW3000 Kern 572 CHYO MK2000B Mettler Toledo SICS Mettler Toledo PM2000 COBOS COBOS CB Complet If the scale has a serial RS232 interface connect it to a free COM port on your PC You can use a RS232 USB converter if no COM port is available on your PC Please carefully follow the instructions for the RS232 USB converter The set up of the scale in tensioVIEW is described in chapter 5 3 Add the Scale Figure 5 4 38 104 Set up the HYPROP lt 20 YEARS UMS Please note the following requirements for the operation of the scale also see 6 1 Starting conditions p 50 1 2 3 The scale should be placed on a vibration free work table The work table should only be used fo
11. maintenance 9 1 Check the HYPROP 1 First check if the Tensiometers of the HYPROP need to be refilled recommended always at initial use and after a complete measurement campaign Connect the sensor unit with adapter cable and USB converter to your PC and start tensioVIEW 2 Click on the magnifying glass symbol to search for devices p Select the sensor unit you want to check 3 Click on Refilling to open the Refilling window Been frhgenwen Pairs Ani ran Sepachre sator 9 1 1 Check the Zero point er Tension unten amp 4000 If the tips are moist both readings I 3 hPa should be around 0 hPa between 5 and 5 hPa If you have not done the zero set compensation of water column the values are higher due to the shaft length 9 1 2 Check the Response Wrap a dry paper towel around one ceramic tip to create a momentary dry ceramic surface Now create an air current around the ceramic cup e g by waving a sheet of paper The reading should rise to 80 kPa within seconds If this is the case the Tensiometer is filled correctly If not the Tensiometers needs to be refilled Do the same with the second tip 69 104 Service and maintenance 9 1 3 Calibration When delivered the HYPROP transducers Tensiometers are calibrated with an offset of O kPa when in horizontal position and a linear response The offset of the pressure transducer has a minimal drift over the years Therefore
12. piston Unblock the tube and push out all air Repeat this procedure until no bubbles are produced anymore 26 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign Qi 20 YEARS UMS 4 2 3 Degas the sensor head Avoid that the plug connector gets in contact with water Take care that the piston never recoils abruptly as this might damage the pressure transducer max 3 bar Please note new vent cock assembled to the acrylic attachement of the sensor head Figure 4 4 vent cock vertically closed to ambient air Figure 4 5 vent cock horizontally open to ambient air ventilation of the sensorhead but closed to vacuum pump Figure 4 8 Figure 4 9 27 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign Please fill the two threads with degased water carefully with the droplet syringe and fill up the bottom of the sensor head until the upper edge Figure 4 11 28 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS Filling with vacuum pump Place the acrylic sensor head attachment onto the sensor head The sensor head should sit firmly on the O Ring Fill up the acrylic attachment with deionised water using the droplet syringe up to 1 cm above the upper edge of the sensor head and connect the tube to the acrylic sensor head attachement and the vacuum pump It is important to know that the vacuum is not applied abruptly This can be done very easily with the vent cock from open position Figure 4 9 to closed positi
13. soil tu bs de pubs poster 2007 Peters Poster DBG pdf Sincere thanks are given to them for their support in the development and for the numerous theoretical discussions and practical advice This helped to turn the method into a reliable system with both high accuracy and repeatability and excellent user friendliness The technical and scientific high lights of the HYPROP system are the interactive graphical menu the automatic offset correction and the fitting routines according to Peters and Durner 2006b Thus your HYPROP system is an extraordinary high tech soil laboratory system 1 4 Intended use The intended use of the HYPROP system is the measurement and determination of water retention characteristics and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of water tension or water content in a soil sample 9 104 HYPROP system 1 5 Guarantee UMS gives a guarantee of 12 months against defects in manufacture or materials used The guarantee does not cover damage through misuse or inexpert servicing or circumstances beyond our control The guarantee includes replacement or repair and packing but excludes shipping expenses Please contact UMS or our representative before returning equipment Place of fulfillment is Munich Gmunder Str 37 Germany 10 104 HYPROP system i 20 YEARS UMS 1 6 Important note This Manual describes the hardware functions the set up how to perform a measuring campaign service and maintenance
14. when vacuum is applied Figure 4 5 24 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign rt 20 YEARS UMS Refilling with a Vacuum pump Connect rubber tubes to the shafts Connect the tubes to a vacuum bottle and the vacuum bottle to the pump Start the pump and evacuate the system for at least 30 minutes and switch off the pump for 1h The vacuum drops down slowly air bubbles become smaller and can ascend Repeat this procedure approximately three times When water circa 10 ml was drawn through both ceramic tips they are filled Figure 4 6 25 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign Manually Refilling incl delivery Alternatively take the reservoir syringe fill it with completely degassed water and take care to avoid bubbles in front of the ceramic Fill the shaft with water and plug the vacuum syringe filled with deionized degased water completely over the thread Pull it until both snappers are locked Now the water from the reservoir syringe is drawn through the ceramic tip into the vacuum syringe When approximately 10 ml are flushed through the ceramic the HYPROP shaft is filled EA Figure 4 7 1 Push out all air from the syringe Now plug the end of the tube with your finger and pull up the syringe This creates vacuum inside the syringe and dissolved gas is released Rotate the still evacuated syringe to collect all bubbles from the wall of the syringe Hold the syringe upright and slide in the
15. 2 3 1 Input 12 3 2 Output 12 3 3 Parameter listing and describtion of the csv table 12 4 Units for soil water and matric potentials 12 5 Technical specifications 12 5 1 Wiring configuration 12 6 Accessories 12 6 1 HYPROP extension and Accessories 13 List of literature 14 Index Your addressee at UMS 4 104 102 104 HYPROP system i 20 YEARS UMS 1 HYPROP system Laboratory evaporation method according to WIND SCHINDLER for the determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention characteristics of soil samples 1 4 Safety instructions and warnings Electrical installations must comply with the safety and EMC requirements of the country in which the system is to be used Please note that any damages caused by users are not covered by warranty Tensiometers are instruments for measuring the soil water tension soil water pressure and soil temperature and are designed for this purpose only Please be aware of the following warnings High pressure The maximum non destructive pressure is 300 kPa 3 bar 3000 hPa Higher pressure which might occur for example during insertion in wet clayey soils or during refilling and reassembling will damage the pressure transducer Ceramic cup Do not touch the cup with your fingers Grease sweat or soap residues will influence the ceramic s hydrophilic performance T Freezing Tensiometers are filled with water and therefore are sensitive to freezi
16. 8 14 55 55 1052 68 07 02 2008 15 00 25 1092 65 07 02 2008 15 00 55 1032 62 07 02 2008 15 01 25 1092 56 07 02 2008 15 01 55 1032 54 07 02 2008 15 02 25 1092 48 5 00 Do 7 Feb 2008 Figure 6 3 56 104 Perform a measuring campaign 20 YEARS Coriguiatcn Measurement Esport Log tereinLINKIA USR Adapter Status Start cer Messung cometer M N chste Tens ersung So Mr HrPSOP MK Areal da warskople 5 Nachste empfohlene Gesschtamessung MY HYPAOF MK Pile 17 Pied 24425 MY HYFRCPMK Pile 14 aktuele Informationen Stan chlebung Functen Tariomater oben UU Ree Cea Mestung Tossicmoner unten 00 x mmm Stop Tkelssivae Fi Ea Terson uricn Dalum Zel Taren unten Tenson obari Temo Tanperatu dagC Gewicht a DaturZeit BrattoGexicht Netto Gevacht Wasser Gewacnt 11 07 wi 2Dez 2007 Figure 6 4 6 4 7 Multiplex devices mode Connect all devices with tensioLINK to the HYPROP main unit Click on Multiplex devices mode to start a scan Note that a different tensioLINK address is given to each device see chapter Configuration Settings 5 Enter an interval for the Tensiometer measurements for example 10 minutes The interval for weighing can be different than the one for tension measurement As the weight of the sample changes slowly it is recommendable to choose a larger interval depending on the soil type For
17. Start of a measuring campaign 6 4 3 Constant starting conditions 6 4 4 Start a spontaneou measurement 6 4 5 Current status of the measurement 6 4 6 Measurements in the Single device mode 6 4 7 Multiplex devices mode 6 4 8 Interrupt a measuring campaign 6 5 Description of an ideal measured curve 6 6 Conclusion of a measurement 6 7 Remove the soil sample 6 8 Dry weight 7 Evaluation 8 Trouble shooting 9 Service and maintenance 1 Checkthe HYPROP 1 1 Check the Zero point 1 2 Check the Response 1 3 Calibration 1 4 Check the Offset 2 Cleaning 9 3 Storage 9 4 Change the O ring on the HYPROP sensor unit 10 Theoretical basics 10 1 Evaporation method overview 10 2 Discrete data for retention and conductivity relation 10 3 Retention and conductivity functions 10 3 1 The van Genuchten Mualem modell 10 3 2 The bimodal van Genuchten Mualem Model 10 3 3 The Brooks and Corey Model 10 4 Optimization of the parameter 11 Additional notes 11 1 Extended measuring range 11 1 1 The bubble point of the porous cup 11 1 2 The vapour pressure of water 11 1 3 Boiling retardation 11 2 Vapour pressure influence on pF WC 3 104 UMS 47 48 HYPROP system 11 3 Osmotic effect 12 Appendix 12 1 Typical measurement curves 12 1 1 Sandy loam Ls3 12 1 2 Clayey silt Ut3 12 1 3 Slightly loamy Sand SI2 12 1 4 Reiner Fein bis Mittelsand Ss 12 2 Typical results for different soil 12 3 Parameter list 1
18. User Manual HYPROP HYPROP system Table of content 1 HYPROP system Safety instructions and warnings Content of delivery Expression of thanks Intended use Guarantee Important note kei mh uei uud acis oOc01 amp o0NA 2 Process summary 3 Product description 3 1 System components 3 2 Sensor unit 3 2 1 Main body 3 2 2 Pressure transducers 3 2 3 Tensiometers 3 2 4 Temperature sensor 3 2 5 Plug connector 3 3 Sampling ring 3 4 Software tensioVIEW 4 Getready to start a measuring campaign 4 1 Soil samples 4 1 1 Soil Sampling 4 1 2 Saturate the samples 42 Filling Important cautions 4 2 1 Refilling of the HYPROP 4 2 2 Degas ceramic tip and refill HYPROP shaft 4 2 3 Degas the sensor head 4 2 4 Reassemble the sensor unit 4 2 5 Check the HYPROP 4 3 Attach the sampling ring 5 Set up the HYPROP 5 1 Connect the system components 5 1 1 Scale 5 2 Software tensioVIEW 5 2 1 Menu 5 2 1 1 Find devices 5 2 1 2 Single device mode 5 2 1 3 Multiplexed devices mode 5 2 2 Device window 5 2 2 1 Properties 5 2 2 2 Configuration of a device 5 2 2 3 Configuration settings for HYPROP 5 2 3 Refilling window 5 2 4 Current readings 2 104 HYPROP system 5 2 5 Stored readings 5 3 Add the scale 6 Perform a measuring campaign 6 1 Starting conditions 6 2 Measuring campaign window 6 3 Configure the campaign 6 4 Perform the measurement 6 4 1 Single unit mode and multiplex device mode 6 4 2
19. an be reused provided the ceramic is kept moist plug on the rubber cap filled with some water Two spare Teniometer cups are supplied Always keep them moist because then the degassing and refilling will be quicker T Keep the ceramic moist when not in use by covering them with the water filled rubber cap Ceramic tip Do not touch the tip with your fingers Grease sweat or soap residues will influence the ceramic s hydrophilic performance The used Vacuum pump should be able to evacuate 2 kPa closed to vacuum The HYPROP service kit or a vacuum system and a PC Laptop with tensioVIEW software are required for filling or refilling 23 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign 4 2 1 Refilling of the HYPROP This chapter describes the refilling using a vacuum pump and manual refilling using the tools of the HYPROP service kit The procedure requires 4 steps which will be discussed in detail later in the chapter 4 2 2 Degas ceramic cup and shaft Degas the sensor unit Reassemble Check the result Degas ceramic tip and refill HYPROP shaft If the tip is completely dry just put the empty shaft in a beaker with de ionized or distilled water 1 5 cm level and leave it overnight HYPROP shafts should never be filled from the inside To avoid that air is trapped inside the ceramic the water must flow in one direction only from the outside into the interior Keep parts clean so there will be no leaking
20. ctivity in this area The measurement is completed by the almost too early failure of the upper tensiometer after three days At the time the sample is removed about 17 water 81 104 Appendix Evaluation with HYPROP FIT Retention O pF Conductivity K pF Retention data Added Retention Curve Data Points Conductivity data 00 Added Conductivity Curve Data Points vol water content log 10 K in cm d 3 2 pF EH pF H e The relatively uniform decrease in the water content with increasing pF and the drop of the relatively flat K data is characteristic of clays having a wide pore size distribution e The addition of the data point on the bubble point of the ceramic tip power users only fits very well with the independent measured WP4 data points and extends the range considerably e Asa model to describe the data a bimodal function is needed 82 104 Appendix MUMS 12 1 2 Clayey silt Ut3 Chick Here oc Presi De Tension urten Tension oben Site Gro Gleidingen bei Braunschweig Soil type clayey silt S 1 U 82 T 17 Measurements Praktikum Bodenphysik an der TU Braunschweig im Jahr 2010 Gruppe 3 Evaporation 14 mm d using a fan Temperature 20 C Description of the measuring process e The measurement process is typical of a very fine grained substrate e The water tensions rise spontaneously immediately after the start of measurement steeply and continuously Th
21. dation beyond 85 kPa Phase 2 Consolidation Water vapor accumulates The Tensiometer reading abruptly drops down to the boiling point of approximately 85 kPa and remains constant at this level dot and dash line in figure Phase 3 Air entry The Tensiometer reading abruptly drops to O kPa as air enters the ceramic cup The bubbling point of this ceramic is about 880 kPa close to pF 4 This value is also used for the evaluation see chapter 7 Evaluation Click Here or Press Esc to Tension under Figure 6 6 the different phases of the upper Tensiometer left curve 59 104 Perform a measuring campaign 6 6 Conclusion of a measurement A measurement campaign can be concluded if the 1st Tensiometer T1 drops to O kPa bubble point and the 2nd Tensiometer is in Phase 1 dash and dot line in Figure 6 7 m Ab hier Abbruch hPa Tension 8 Figure 6 7 60 104 Perform a measuring campaign Qd 20 YEARS UMS If the 1st Tensiometer T1 drops to 0 kPa air entry and the 2nd Tensiometer is still in Phase 2 no averaging is possible In this case you must wait until the 2nd Tensiometer T2 reaches the bubble point Then the measurement can be concluded see Figure 6 8 Click Here or Press Esc to Re Tension unten 1400 f Ab hier Abbruch Tension hPa Figure 6 8 If an extraordinary error occurs the measurement can be st
22. e in the dish standing on the perforated attachment Figure 4 3 19 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign Figure 4 4 The water level should be 2 cm in the basket Please place the sample ring incl saturation bowl in the basket The cutting edge shows upwards thus the sample is saturated capillary from the reverse side After 4 6 h fill new water inside the basket ca 1cm below the upper rim of the sampling ring y Important note Slightly lift up and tilt the sampling ring with saturation attachment inside the water filled saturation bowl This prevents that air bubbles are trapped between soil sample and mesh fabric Do this carefully so no soil particles are flushed out The duration until the sample is saturated and all air is removed will depend on the soil type When saturated the sample surface will have a glossy appearance Clayey soil will need the longest several days 20 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign lt 20 YEARS UMS 4 2 Filling Important cautions Caution The Hyprop uses highly sensitive pressure transducers Improper handling can cause irreversible damage Read the chapter about refilling in this manual first Be extremely cautious when screwing in the filled Tensiometer cups The pressure inside the cup will rise abruptly and exceedingly Always observe the pressure in the online window of tensioVIEW Y HY PROP 94K aix Eigenschaften Kontor Bok
23. eady to start a measuring campaign lt 20 YEARS UMS 4 3 Attach the sampling ring Take the saturated soil sample out of the saturation dish Place the auger positioning tool on the sampling ring as shown in the picture nsn Figure 4 16 Figure 4 17 Insert the auger into each opening and drill a hole in 3 steps to avoid compressing the soil Drill as far as the auger will go Rotate the auger while pulling it out of the sample Then you will have 2 holes in the sample each with the proper depth With a pen make a mark on the side of the sampling ring where the deeper hole is see Figure 4 12 Then you know the correct position when placing the sample on the sensor unit To avoid that air will be pressed inside the sample it Is recommended to fill up the holes with water see Figure 4 17 The sample now is ready for attaching the sensor unit Wipe off the ring surface after having drilled the holes Watch your mark The long shaft must be inserted into the deeper hole Keep the ceramic tips wet Y If the soil sample swelled up during saturation the overlapping soil must be cut off before attaching the sensor unit 33 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign Remove the protetion tube from the ceramic tip Place the silicone gasket on the bottom of the sensor head mud protection v Figure 4 18 Figure 4 20 Turn the sensor unit up side down and carefully place it on the soil
24. easuring campaign will last until one of the Tensiometers runs dry or the mass changes become marginal Then the remaining moisture content is determined by oven drying the sample at 105 C for 24 hours With these values the retention curve and the unsaturated conductivity is extrapolated 10 2 Discrete data for retention and conductivity relation At different points of time f the water tensions h and h in hPa of both depths are measured as well as the weight of the sample in grams cm The analytic procedure is based on the assumption that water tension and water content distribute linear through the column and that water tension and sample weight changes are linear between two evaluation points The initial water content is determined from the total loss of water i e evaporation water loss by oven drying The average water content Q derived from initial water content and loss of weight and the medial water tension h give a discrete value Q h of the retention function at any time f For the calculation of the conductivity function it is assumed that i l between two time points f and t the water flow through the cross 73 104 Theoretical basics section situated exactly between both Tensiometers and therefore exactly at column centre is q AV At A AV is the water loss in cm determined by weight changes Ar is the interval between two evaluation points and A the cross section area in cm
25. eight of the sample ValeDif g Weightloss Tensio2 hPa kPa Bottom Tensiometer Temp_ hPaKPaj Temperaue _STATVEC csv RMSETH Root mean squared error of the function of Retentionscurve RMSELOGK Root mean squared error of the function of conductivity curve _PARVEC csv Fittingparameter please look at chapter HYPROP Theory NENNEN m m _HYDFUNC csv pF Value pC Theta m m _ Water content K Jem Hydraulic conductivity _EVATH csv PMEAN hPa kPa Medium water potential WCMEAN Medium water content _EVAK csv PMEAN hPa kPa Medium water potential pd Cond j cm d Hydraulic conductivity 93 104 Appendix 12 4 Units for soil water and matric potentials ee a a a 2 04 capacitiy Tensiometer 2 93 851 85 1 0 085 0 85 12 345 ranges 3 100 100 01 14 504 99 9261 ee ee ee ee ieee aa eg standard measuring range of Tensiometers depends on air humidity Note 0 981 kPa corresponds to 10 cm water column 94 104 Appendix i 20 YEARS UMS 12 5 Technical specifications Materialanddimensions Dimensions Height 60 mm 80 mm Ceramic Al2O3 sinter bubble point gt 200 kPa 5mm Shaft material Acrylic glass Z 5 mm Total length Lower 25 mm Upper 50 mm 15m 4 pin LEMO 300 kPa 300 kPa electronically 85 kPa 300 kPa physical 85 450 kPa 0 kPa depends on ref
26. ength of the upper shaft 3 Data logger Interval the logging interval of the internal data logger Overwrite old values Overwrites old values if you select on if the memory is full c3 Sensor measuring Continuous measuring Activate the quick updating of readings to receive the HYPROP readings instantly for example during a refilling procedure Measurements are taken in intervals of 50 ms Note the rise in power consumption and that the reaction to serial commands might be slowed down The setting Measuring interval is deactivated during this mode Measuring interval This is the standard interval in which sensor measurements are refreshed and available on the analogue lines Enable filter Activate the anti flicker filter This avoids that the digit continuously jumps up and down When activated the resolution is reduced for one digit 45 104 Set up the HYPROP 5 2 3 Refilling window This function is required when the HYPROP sensor head needs to be refilled or during assembly of sensor head and Tensiometer shafts strictly recommended When the Tensiometer shafts are screwed back into the sensor unit the pressure reading must be checked at any time to avoid that excess pressure destroys the pressure transducer Stop or slow down if the pressure rises to much Please read the chapter 4 2 Refilling for more details MY HYPROP MK oe Refiling Stored Readings Tens on top TE Tersion Top hPa
27. eramic cup J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 2010 173 563 572 100 104 List of literature lt 20 YEARS UMS e Schindler U Durner W Unold G von Muller L 2010 Improved measurement of soil hydraulic functions for soil physical quality assessment In 16 Congreso de la Organizacion Internacional de Conservaci n de Suelo 08 al 12 de noviembre de 2010 proceeding contribution in extenso 148 152 Santiago de Chile Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo e Schindler U Durner W von Unold G und Muller L 2011 Prozessanalyse der Verdunstung als Grundlage zur verbesserten Messung hydraulischer Kernfunktionen von Boden in Bericht uber die 14 Lysimetertagung am 2 und 3 Mai 2011 HBFLA Raumberg Gumpenstein 61 66 e van Genuchten M T 1980 A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils Soil Sci Soc Am J 44 892 898 101 104 Index 14 Index A Andre Peters esee 8 authorization status 43 B bimodal van Genuchten Mualem Model iuda nee 15 Brooks and Corey Model 76 bubble free eese 23 bubble DOIN ooi bere en 75 BUDDIG BON dcrc a 15 burst pressure s 31 C CERAMIC sce esse item teuer EE ean 5 ceramic tips eeeeeesseese 15 Check the Offset TO Clayey Soll tite tota deve 20 cleanin
28. erence of the tensions is suitable only after reaching the exponential rise that hydraulic conductivities can be calculated The measurement is completed due to the failure of the upper tensiometer after a lost of of nearly 30 water 86 104 Appendix lt 20 YEARS UMS Evaluation Retention O pF Conductivity K pF Retention data Added Retention Curve Data Points Conductivity data Added Conductivity Curve Data Points N N on vol water content a log 10 K in cm d pF pF The additional data in the dry zone were by Lisa Heise within their thesis at TU Braunschweig UMS Munich measured using a device made by Decagon WP4C They are documented in Heise s thesis http www soil tu bs de mitarbeiter dipl detail php id 78 e The pronounced air entry point and the steep drop down of the retention curve after reaching the air entry point is characteristic of the sand e The hydraulic conductivity can be determined only from 2 0 pF and then drops down steeply e Suitable models for data description are the Fayer Simmons model or the bimodal model to describe the subsequent drop of the retention values towards dehydration 87 104 Appendix 12 1 4 Reiner Fein bis Mittelsand Ss Tension bottom Tensiontop Tension hPa Sep 2010 Time Material packed quartz sand particle size 0 1 bis 0 3 mm Soil type sandy sand S 100 U 0 T 0 Site Bodenphysikalisches Labor TU Braunsc
29. essure of 100 kPa and at 20 C the water will start to boil or vaporize as soon as the pressure drops below 2 3 kPa against vacuum i e 97 7 kPa pressure difference to an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa the Tensiometer drops out The measuring range at 100 kPa 20 C is limited to 97 7 kPa Atmospheric pressures announced by meteorological services are always related to sea level Thus the true pressure in a height of 500 meters over sea level is for example only 94 2 kPa although 100 kPa are announced Then the measuring range at this height at 20 C is even limited to 91 9 kPa If the soil gets drier than the maximum possible measuring range the reading will remain at this value and then drop gradually towards zero If the soil gets as dry as the bubble point a spontaneous equalisation with the atmospheric pressure occurs Air enters the cup and the reading will rapidly go to zero 77 104 Additional notes True pressure in heights over sea level at an atmospheric pressure related to sea level as published by meteorological services Height oversea Atmospheric Max measuring level meter pressure kPa range at 20 C kPa 0 101 3 99 0 500 95 5 93 2 1000 89 9 87 6 1500 84 6 82 3 2000 79 5 77 2 2500 74 5 72 2 3000 70 1 67 8 11 1 3 Boiling retardation Water needs a nucleation site to boil As our Tensiometers have polished surfaces and a gas free filling the so called boiling retardation occurs the Ten
30. feature of the miniature Tensiometer Due to boiling retardation it is possible that the T5 might reach values up to 140 kPa Please check fig 51 for this effect a Reset start and stop line as described in the chapter End of the measuring campaign The curve progression is not consistently rising eventually it is necessary to start a new measurement causes see point 3 Check the USB connections In the power management menu of your PC or laptop disable the power down and select non stop operation 7 Tensiometer reach only 50 to 70 The Tensiometer was not kPa then readings drop slowly sufficiently filled A bubble assembles inside the ceramic part 67 104 Trouble shooting LI and interrupts the water contact see point 3 8 At the beginning the lower Tensiometer surpasses the upper one which would indicate a negative conductivity 9 No sensor units are found in the multiplex device mode This is caused by inaccuracy of the sensors Execute the Zero offset to compensate the water column shift Eventually set the starting point to a later point Disconnect all sensor units Connect just one unit and start a search in the single device mode Check for each sensor unit that no address is given twice see pages 42 43 In case change the address as described in this manual Sensor units can only be found if addresses are unique 68 104 Service and maintenance 20 YEARS Toms 9 Service and
31. g the threads 5 D Degas ceramic cup and shaft 24 degassed are e cta Deni 23 deionised or distilled water 24 67 de ionized 0 5 ee 23 Destructive pressure 5 Devices vuol st ud ied E Er 53 droplet syringe 29 drying the sample 73 DUmer ame 9 75 E EMC requirements 5 102 104 F fitting parameter 15 fitting parameters 76 EIOS pp LAE 5 G Gas impermeability 15 General parameters 53 Guarantee oir emi eene 10 H hermetic splines 74 hydraulic characteristics 74 hydraulic conductivity 74 Hyprop service kit 24 I integral N ae 76 internal pressure transducers 14 ion concentration 79 K Kem EG2200 nun ee 49 L IONIC JOOVE su dts abe ate oed 30 Index M matric potential 15 measuring campaign 48 50 N non linear regression 76 O DITISBI ee 70 OSIMOS Ces E 79 P porous ceramic sseess 15 Porous ceramic ses 15 Power users eese 44 protective bulb 32 protective cap
32. he sub address The reason for this is that is there might be sensors installed at the same spot but with different measuring depths for example multi level probes In this case the sub address defines the depth starting with 1 for the highest sensor Furthermore the sub address could be used to combine groups of sensors for example of one measuring site In general the required identification for a device is always the bus number If more than 32 devices are connected to the bus the sub address is counted up The allowed numbers for the bus address are 1 to 32 and for the sub address 1 to 8 The default value for both bus and sub address is 0 With more than one device connected individual addresses have to be declared Device Info Name Individually editable name of the Tensiometer in ASCII Maximum length 12 digits Measure head net weight is the net weight of the sensor head incl Tensiometer shafts and silicone disc User rights are selected in the bottom status line Select between Public limited rights und Power extended rights The software needs to be restarted when this setting is changed 44 104 Set up the HYPROP i 20 YEARS UMS ooil volume Volume of the soil sample in the sampling ring excluding the Tensiometer shafts volume Soil column height Height of the soil column in mm height of sampling ring Depth lower tens Protruding length of the lower shaft Depth upper tens Protruding l
33. he tension curve gets flat or drops abruptly at a point far below the boiling point see figure below Tension hPa Tue 23 Wed 24 Thu 25 Fri 26 Sat 27 Sun 28 Mon 29 Tue 30 Mar 2010 Zet 71 104 Service and maintenance For replacing the O ring a pair of fine pointed tweezers is required CAUTION Do not insert the tip into the boring as you might punch the membrane of the pressure transducer How to proceed Pierce into the O ring to pick it up and remove it Spare O rings can be find in the service case Grab the replacement O ring but now not pierce it Carefully insert the ring into the round groove inside the boring If the ring does not slip into the groove carefully screw in the shaft to push the ring into its position 72 104 Theoretical basics i 20 YEARS UMS 10 Theoretical basics 10 1 Evaporation method overview In a soil sampling ring two Tensiometers comparable to the T5 model are installed in two depths z4 and z The middle between the sensing tips of the Tensiometers is the centre of the soil sample The sample is saturated closed on the bottom and placed on a scale The upper side of the sample is open to atmosphere so the soil moisture can evaporate With the soil water tension kPa the average matric potential and the hydraulic gradient is calculated The mass difference measured by the scale is used to calculate the volumetric water content and the water s flow rate A m
34. hen Gesellschaft im Druck 99 104 List of literature e Peters A and Durner W 2008 Simplified Evaporation Method for Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Journal of Hydrology 356 147 162 doi 10 1016 jhydrol 2008 04 016 e Priesack E Durner W 2006 Closed fom expression for the multi modal unsaturated conductivity function Vadose Zone J 5 121 124 e Schelle H Iden S C and Durner W 2011 Combined transient method for determining soil hydraulic properties in a wide pressure head range Soil Sci Soc Am J 75 5 1 13 doi 10 2136 sssaj2010 0374 e Schelle H Iden S C Peters A and Durner W 2010 Analysis of the agreement of soil hydraulic properties obtained from multistep outflow and evaporation methods Vadose Zone Journal 9 1080 1091 doi 10 2136 vzj2010 0050 e Schindler U M ller L 2006 Simplifying the evaporation method for quantifying soil hydraulic properties Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 169 5 623 629 e Schindler U Durner W von Unold G M ller L 2010 Evaporation Method for Measuring Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties of Soils Extending the Measurement Range Soil Sci Soc Am J 74 1071 1083 doi 10 2136 sssaj2008 0358 e Schindler U Durner W von Unold G Mueller L and Wieland R 2010 The evaporation method Extending the measurement range of soil hydraulic properties using the air entry pressure of the c
35. hweig Evaporation 1 4 mm d Temperature 22 C Description of the measuring process e The measurement process is typical of a sand with narrow particle size distribution and without fines e The tension rise spontaneously immediately after the start of measurement until they reach a level that corresponds to the bubble point In this case it is about 50 cm pF 1 7 e The tensiometers run for a long time completely parallel and differs only around a hydrostatic pressure difference of 2 5 hPa 88 104 Appendix MUMS After draining the main pore portion the tensiometer value of the upper tensiometer rises extremely steep The failure of the tensiometer is now very quick The lower tensiometer is at the end of the measurement still completely unaffected by the extreme dehydration front the difference of water tensions is very high Hydraulic conductivities can be calculated only for a short period of time The measurement is completed due to the failure of the upper tensiometer after removal of 35 water Evaluation vol water content Retention O pF Conductivity K pF gt Retention data Added Retention Curve Data Points 2 Conductivity data un Added Conductivity Curve Data Points log 10 K in cm d The very sharply defined bubble point and the extremely steep drop in the retention curve after reaching the air entry point is characteristic of pure sand with a uniform grain size The hydraulic conduct
36. i 20 YEARS UMS 6 3 Configure the campaign Open the measuring campaign window to configure the system Enter file name and directory where you want to store the measuring campaign Save field campain Name Testproject Folder C Temp Browse Under General parameters enter the starting time of the campaign and the intervals when to weigh the samples fig below Select Single device mode if the campaign only includes one assembly General parameters Higher frequency means a Measurment interval hh mm ss T measuring interval of 1 Higher measurment frequency at stat V minute at the beginning of the measurement One device mode In the units menu select the units for tension conductivity and matric potential Select either logarithmic or linear display Unity Tension hPa v Conductivity Matrix potential In the Devices window the device name and serial number is displayed automatically Soil sampling ring weight default 201g and sample name need to be entered All Devices Soil Serial sampling Devicename uber sample name weight a MY HYFR 459 Test0102 201 53 104 Perform a measuring campaign 6 4 Perform the measurement 6 4 1 Single unit mode and multiplex device mode In general there are two modes the single unit mode and the multiplex devices mode The following table shows the differences Single unit mode Multiplex device mode Weighing remains on the
37. illing quality 30 C 70 C Temperature 0 2 K 10 30 C d 0 01 K 6 10 V DC Current consumption 6 mA nominal max 15 mA Chemical resistivity ee pH 3 pH 10 Contact media Limited for media that not affects silicon fluorsilicone EPDM PMMA or polyetherimide Protection CC Housing with plug covered IP 65 splash water proofed Sensorunits A J Max number of sensor units which are supported by tensioLINK 95 104 Appendix 12 5 1 Wiring configuration USB converter Signal Pin Function Supply 7 10 VDC Connection cable USB Converter gt T junction Signal Pin Function RS485 B twin 4 pol Female plug 96 104 Appendix 12 6 Accessories 12 6 1 HYPROP extension and Accessories UMS art no HYPROP E Describtion Set consisting of Sensor unit 2 Tensiometer shafts T piece junction plug Connection cable with LEMO plug Note a sampling ring is not included please order separately Soil sampling ring vol 250 ml stainless steel outer diam 84 mm inner diam 80 mm height 50 mm incl 2 caps Tensiometer shaft set pair of Tensiometer shafts one each with length 1x 50 mm 1x 25 mm Hammering holder for sampling rings 250 ml length 300 mm weight 0 6 kg handle with hand protection for rings with outer diam 84 mm 97 104 HYPROP Sat HYPROP Saturation bowl HYPROP SV HYPROP vacuum syringe HYPROP SW HYPROP
38. ing Aktuelle Messweeste Kalbrierung Condition Gespeichen Screw in the shaft slowly make sure the pressure always is below the yellow range Read the complete chapter about refilling in this manual 21 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign 22 104 Be cautious when pulling off the tube as vacuum is inside An abrupt negative pressure change on the water column might destroy the pressure transducer Do not pull off the tube rapidly Allow the pressure to be released through the end of the tube or pull off the tube slowly so the pressure inside the refilling adaptor will rise slowly Be cautious when tapping off air bubbles Do not knock the sensor head too hard when under pressure Any impact of the water column might destroy the pressure transducer After finishing the degassing itis important to remove the tube by pressing down the blue ring on the tube connector Do not pull out the tube with force as this might cause leakage of the connector Get ready to start a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS Before starting and after every completed measuring campaign the sample is dried out the Tensiometers need to be filled or refilled bubble free with deionised and degassed water We recommend degassing and refilling the HYPROP Tensiometers after every completed measurement campaign If the measurement is stopped before the bubble point of the Tensiometers are reached they c
39. interface and the connection parameters Then click on the Measure Button If a connection is established zero is displayed for both status and reading Click OK to select the scale Now the new device is shown in the explorer window tensiovVIEW Tension Bottam hPa be Tension Top hPa Figure 5 11 If you click on Scale in the explorer window the current readings are shown 49 104 Perform a measuring campaign 6 Perform a measuring campaign Definition a measuring campaign comprises the set up configuration tension readings weight readings and the evaluation of one HYPROP assembly or of all assemblies measured at the same time This information is stored in one file for further use Familiarise yourself with the functions of tensioVIEW before you start a measuring campaign The starting conditions for a campaign are extremely important Always power a laptop with a mains power unit not just only by battery It is extremely important that the cable is not moved during a measurement campaign Securely fix the cable as even a breeze can move a dangling cable causing variance in the measurement Avoid leaving water drops on the fastener clips ed od ed 6 1 Starting conditions The following conditions must be fulfilled before a measurement can be started 1 The initial water content of the completely saturated sample is estimated It can be calculated if the soil type is definitely
40. iometer refilling not included Figure 4 1 18 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS 4 1 Soil samples 4 1 4 Soil Sampling Samples should be as fresh as possible Please follow the guidelines for taking soil samples described in DIN 4021 Exploration by excavation and borings sampling Following a short instruction for soil sampling based on lecture notes from Prof Dr W Durner Uncover the preferred soil level This can be either vertical or horizontal Hammer in the ring by using a proper knock on handle and a medium size hammer Hammer in straight and avoid tilting the ring Carefully excavate the ring with a knife or spatula Now cut off the overlapping soil along the ring s rim with a very sharp knife take care not to smear the pores Cover the samples with protective caps for transportation In general a minimum of 5 to 10 samples per soil level are taken to determine the bulk density and the retention curve Weights of the sampling rings might vary Therefore it is essential that the rings are specifically weighed Figure 4 2 4 1 2 Saturate the samples Remove the protective cap from the upper side of the sample the side with the straight rim without cutting edge and place the mesh fabric on the sample Attach the perforated saturation attachment to clamp the cloth Turn around the sample and remove the second plastic cap Fill the dish with water and place the sampl
41. ions Thus an influence of osmosis on the measurements is negligible because ion concentration differences are equalized quickly If the T5 cup is dipped into a saturated NaCl solution the reading will be 1 kPa for a short moment then it will drop to O kPa again 79 104 Appendix 12 Appendix 12 1 Typical measurement curves Following typical curves were kindly provided by Prof Dr Wolfgang Durner 12 1 1 San Click Here of Presi bie to A Tension unten T ben r Site Wolfenb ttel Soil type Slightly sandy loam Ls3 S 35 U 48 T 17 Measurements in Winter 2011 Geo kologische Labormethoden 2011 TU Braunschweig Evaporation 2 75 mm d Temperatur 21 C 80 104 Appendix i 20 YEARS UMS Description of the measuring process The measurement process is typical of a clay with wide pore size distribution The water tensions rise almost two days continuously but at a moderate slope This reflects large pore fraction in clay of nearly 10 From about 50 hPa pF 1 7 the tensiometers are far enough away to allow for the determination of hydraulic conductivities After two days the tensiometers are now moving with a greater slope but still rather weak curvature continues The measurement limit is already reached a day later This points out a limited and simultaneously diversified porosity The spreading of tension values is moderate which indicates a relatively high hydraulic condu
42. is reflects a very small proportion of coarse pores pF 2 0 is reached under the given conditions with fan after a few hours The loss of water to pF 2 is only about 4 e The spikes at the beginning of the measurements shows the discontinuous access of air penetrating into the soil 83 104 Appendix From 100 hPa pF 2 0 the first parallel tensiometers are far enough away to allow for the determination of hydraulic conductivities Both tensiometer rise unabated with the passage of time and failled relatively soon The clayey silt has few large middle pore the finer middle pore region is in the time of failure still filled with water the water content is therefore high The spread of the tension values is moderate over the entire measuring process which indicates a relatively high unsaturated conductivity The measurement is completed due to the failure of the upper tensiometer after less than one day At this time the sample has lost about 20 water Evaluation vol water content 96 Retention O pF Conductivity K pF gt Retention data Added Retention Curve Data Points gt Conductivity data Added Conductivity Curve Data Points log 10 K in cm d 2 3 2 3 pF H pF E The initially flat and then getting steeper drop down in the water water content with increasing pF is characteristic of very fine grained and clay substrates The hydraulic conductivity at pF 2 is very high but the curve then i
43. isplayed Depending on the type different registries are available The first shows an overview of the current settings and information about address number or error messages 5 2 2 1 Properties Gives an overview about the sensor head s basic properties and is only informative You cannot edit the properties in this window 5 2 2 2 Configuration of a device Select the tab Configuration for viewing and changing the programmed settings of the device 42 104 Set up the HYPROP h 20 YEARS Depending on the authorization status only parameters that can be edited are shown To store a changed parameter in the device it has to be sent to the device by pressing the Upload button A message confirming the successful configuration will be displayed Configuration changes are effective immediately MY HYPROP MK measure head net weight 365 q soil volume 249 ml soil column height 50 mm depth lower tens 13mm depth upper tens 38 mm Name Free defineable probe name in ASCII Figure 5 8 43 104 Set up the HYPROP 5 2 2 3 Configuration settings for HYPROP Those settings which are editable only for Power users are marked with an asterisk Parameters with related functions are bundled in one folder J tensioLINK Bus number tensioLINK bus number of the device Sub address tensioLINK sub address of the device Explanation tensioLINK uses two types of address for each device the bus address and t
44. ivity can be determined only within a very narrow tension intervall and drops down very steeply ouitable models are the data description Brooks Corey model the van Genuchten model of free parameter m or the Simmons Fayer model 89 104 Appendix 12 2 Typical results for different soil Typical results for different soils after data export Bu 4503506 Leased EIU 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 100 0 50 0 WC in pF WC Retention curve 30 0 40 0 20 0 10 0 100000 10000 1000 00 10 4 0 0 4d Fig 52 pF WC curves kindly supported by Dr Uwe Schindler ZALF Muncheberg 90 104 Appendix i 20 YEARS UMS 12 3 Parameter list 12 3 1 Input Geometric variables V cm FLOAT Soil sample volume z cm FLOAT Height of Tensiometer 1 over bottom of soil sample z cm FLOAT Height of Tensiometer 2 over bottom of soil sample L cm FLOAT SS Type of data interpolation 0 polynomial 1 partially linear 2 hermitical spline Max number of data points for the hydraulic function OPTIMI LOGICAL If TRUE then optimization is executed if FALSE only data points are generated If INTERPOL 0 then order of the polynomial Measuring inaccuracy o cm FLOAT Measuring error of the potential standard deviation o 1g FLOAT Measuring error of the weight standard deviation For parameter estimation CODE INTEGER Type of model 10 van Genuchten Mualem 11 van Genuchten Mualem bimodal 20 Broo
45. known 2 The sample must be protected from direct sunlight air currents Or extreme temperature changes mn CELL Figure 6 1 50 104 Perform a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS 3 The scale should be placed on a vibration free work table The work table should not be used for other purposes during a HYPROP measurement 4 During a single mode measurement we strictly recommend to fix the cable of the sensor unit 9 he scale must be levelled out Most scales have a bubble level 6 Set the energy manager of your laptop to non stop operation Open the energy option manager and set Power down and Stand by to Never If the laptop powers down or goes to the stand by mode no readings are stored 51 104 Perform a measuring campaign 6 2 Measuring campaign window There are two ways to open the measuring campaign window 1 In the menu bar select lt Tools gt lt HYPROP Measuring campaign 2 Click this button I i Corfgusion Meesuremert Expert Log mus Ky tensaLINKIR USE Adapter 3 i2 Hep Unt Start of measurement Neat lermiomster messunment Tension Bottom h2 Number of aanzer unts Tenson Top hPa Temperature degC Save field campan Mame Tetpmject Folder CA Temp ght ic Status 0 1 Gereral osrsmeters Measunman interval omae 0010 Higher meesument frequency d stat V One device mode Figure 6 2 52 104 Perform a measuring campaign Q
46. ks Core INIT FLOAT vector Start up estimation of parameters respectively the fix value if parameter x should not be estimated OPTP LOGICAL vector Indicator if parameter x should be optimized or not IN MAXOPTIT INTEGER W DEV FLOAT IN WEIGHTFLAG If TRUE then both hydraulic functions are LOGICAL automatically rated as described in chapter Fit of parametric expressions to the O h and K h data JH Paper Simplified evaporation method for determining soil hydraulic properties A Peters W Durner 91 104 Appendix Otherwise w and w in equation 3 can be rated manually with parameters w and w W FLOAT Rating for the retention data only considered if IN WEIGHTFLAG FALSE wk FLOAT Rating of the conductivity data only considered if IN WEIGHTFLAG FALSE The parameter collections Control parameters for Levenberg Marquardt algorithm Control parameters for SCEUA algorithm and LM Floatpar should NOT show up These are special parameters for setting the optimization algorithm 12 3 2 Output function adaptation function adaption us E ey Pp i with 6 and K resp 6 and K being the measured resp predicted values for the retention and conductivity function n is the number of data points 92 104 Appendix i 20 YEARS UMS 12 3 3 Parameter listing and describtion of the csv table Tabelle Beschreibung Weightcsv ValueGross g Cross weight ValueNet Net w
47. lled silikon tube on the ceramic tip It is very important that the ceramic is always wet Repeat the same procedure with the second HYPROP shaft Figure 4 15 31 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign 4 2 5 Check the HYPROP Please start again the refilling window To check the Zero point please put a droplet of water onto the ceramic tip The values should be around 0 3 hPa 0 3 kPa Wrap a dry paper towel around one ceramic tip to create a momentary dry ceramic surface Now create airflow around the ceramic cup e g by waving a sheet of paper The reading should rise to 800 hPa 80 kPa within seconds If this is the case the Tensiometer is filled correctly Do the same with the second tip To find out the maximum measuring range of the Tensiometers take a bottle filled with water and hold the ceramic tip into the headspace of the bottle When you move the ceramic away from the water surface the air gets dryer and the suction rises Hold the ceramic close to the water surface so the tension reading will rise slowly Depending on the filling quality the value will reach 85 to 450 kPa Then the value will rapidly drop to the vapor pressure around 90 kPa depending on the altitude Now immediately put some water on the ceramic and cover the ceramic with the protective rubber cap which should be halfway filled with water It will take one day until the Tensiometer will reach its initial value 32 104 Get r
48. nal porous ceramics the tip is much more durable The bubble point of a Tensiometer ceramic is about 800 kPa If the soil gets dryer than the bubble point air passes through Thus the negative pressure inside the cup decreases and the readings go down to 0 kPa With these characteristics this material has outstanding suitability to work as the semi permeable diaphragm for Tensiometers Be aware that the ceramic will dry out when it is exposed to air uncovered Always put on the rubber cap filled with some water 15 104 Product description 3 2 4 Temperature sensor A temperature probe sits inside the small stainless steel pin on the sensor unit It measures the temperature of the soil sample Although the temperature is not part of the measurement it is useful information for reviewing the quality of a measuring campaign The sensor has a tolerance of 0 2 K at 10 C 3 2 5 Plug connector The bus cable is connected to the plug on the side of the sensor unit As the plug is taken on and off regularly during a measuring campaign an easy going push pull plug is used A simple to open spring loaded cover protects the plug when no cable is connected Tightly close the plug cover before cleaning the sensor unit Figure 3 4 eq Dirt water inside the plug opening will destroy the functionality of the connector Do not twist the plug Make sure that the cover is closed tightly before cleaning 3 3 Sampling ring A s
49. ng Protect Tensiometers from freezing at any time Never leave Tensiometers over night inside a cabin or car when freezing temperatures might occur Do not usea sharp tool for cleaning the threads in the sensor unit Just rinse it with pure water from a spray bottle 9 104 HYPROP system 1 2 Content of delivery The delivery includes two bags and the package incl EG2200 Scale Bag 1 black lock similar for each HYPROP E is consisting of Figure 1 1 Sensor unit set of Tensiometer shafts 2 each 50 25 mm acrylic attachment for sensor unit 3 Perforated saturation bowl 4 HYPROP connecting cable 5 6 pcs filter fabric 15 cm x 15 cm 6 Silicone gasket 6 tensioLINK T piece junction plug 7 and silicone prot caps 8 Figure 1 1 6 104 HYPROP system Qd 20 YEARS UMS Bag 2 white lock service kit which includes Figure 1 2 Bottle of deionised water 1 Syringes incl 2 reservoir syringes 2 2 vacuum syringes with red O ring at tip 3 1 vacuum syringe with acrylic attachment 4 incl tube 12 and 1 droplet syringe 5 Sampling ring with 2 plastic caps 6 Tensiometer auger 7 and auger adapter 11 Cable set consisting of Mains power device 9 HYPROP USB converter 10 tensioVIEW software on CD Figure 1 2 7 104 HYPROP system 1 3 Expression of thanks Dr Uwe Schindler was able to considerably simplify the evaporation method by WIND by analy
50. oil sample is taken with a stainless steel sampling ring which has a volume of 250 ml The sampling ring is placed on the sensor unit and fastened with the two clips A silicone gasket completely seals the bottom of the soil sample 3 4 Software tensioVIEW The HYPROP system is equipped with the tensioLINK measuring bus 16 104 Fig 6 tensioVIEW With tensioLINK you are able to create an extended network The network is connected to a PC with the tensioLINK USB converter The Windows software tensioVIEW is used for configuration of the devices and to visualize data The software automatically recognizes all connected devices Figure 3 5 Additional functions are integrated in tensioVIEW for optimized usage with HYPROP see chapter Performing a measuring campaign The functions are activated whenever the bus recognizes that a HYPROP unit is connected lf a laboratory scale with serial RS232 or USB interface is used readings are automatically taken and evaluated by the tensioVIEW software 17 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign 4 Get ready to start a measuring campaign The following tools are required to prepare a HYPROP unit before a measuring campaign Sampling ring volume 250 ml Perforated saturation bowl A dish or bowl with minimum rim height 7 cm Mesh fabric 15 cm x 15 cm Auger positioning tool HYPROP auger A Pair of scissors Service case for Tens
51. on Figure 4 8 Manually Refilling Take the syringe that belongs to the sensor unit attachment Draw up 15 ml of water Degas the water as described before and push out all air from the syringe Place the acrylic sensor head attachment onto the sensor head The sensor head should sit firmly on the O Ring Fill up the acrylic attachment with deionised water using the droplet syringe completelly full see Fig 4 8 Fill the tube with water Attach the tube the vacuum syringe and the acrylic attachement Draw the syringe up until the black spacer snaps in Air bubbles will assemble inside the Be ee syringe To avoid damaging the pressure transducer please securely hold the piston so it will not suddenly recoil Release the spacers and allow the piston to return slowly Only water should flow back into the acrylic attachment Take off the tube and push the assembled air out of the syringe Reattach the tube and draw the syringe up again until the spacers snap in repeat this procedure 3 times The water now is being degassed We recommend controlling the quality of the vacuum by observing the refilling window in tensioVIEW 29 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign 4 2 4 Reassemble the sensor unit 9 When screwing in the Tensiometer shaft into the thread of the sensor head it is very important to monitor the pressure in the refilling window in tensioVIEW Y The pressure sensor diaphragm is inside the
52. opped any time Exemplary measurements for various soils are shown in the appendix 61 104 Perform a measuring campaign 6 Remove the soil sample 1 Hold the whole assembly over a bowl or dish to assure that no soil material is lost 2 Unlock the fastener clips Gently pull on the soil sampling ring to take off the ring from the sensor head Figure 6 9 If the soil is too dry and if it is not possible to dismantle the HYPROP with the soil e g clay it is recommended to take the sample in water to get saturated over night 62 104 Perform a measuring campaign Qd 20 YEARS UMS 3 Please clean the sample ring and the silicon disc above the bowl It is more easy to take a brush see pictures below Figure 6 11 Figure 6 10 4 Clean the sensorhead with water wash bottle and a dustfree tissue over the bowl 63 104 Perform a measuring campaign 5 In the end you should clean the sensor head and the tensiometer under running water see picture below nN Figure 6 12 Please unscrew the both HYPROP shafts only when the sensor head is completely clean 64 104 Perform a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS 6 8 Dry weight Empty the soil sample into a bowl with known weight Dry it in a drying oven at 105 C for 24 hours and then weigh it again Figure 6 13 The Soil dry weight will be used to calculate the actual water content and has to be entered later in the HYPROP FIT Software
53. paign Evaluation of Data with Hyprop DES see pdf link on page 10 12 104 Product description lt 20 YEARS UMS 3 Product description 3 1 System components A measuring system can include one or several HYPROP assemblies max 20 A HYPROP assembly consists of a sensor unit and a sampling ring with a soil sample which is placed on each sensor unit Sensor units are linked to a PC via the serial tensioLINK bus In intervals each sensor unit with sampling ring is weighed on a laboratory scale The scale must have either a RS232 or USB interface and the scale type must be implemented in the software 3 2 Sensor unit 3 2 1 Main body The electronic components and pressure transducers are incorporated in the main body of the sensor unit The sensor unit is splash water proof IP65 and can be cleaned with water as long as the plug cover is closed 37 5 50 25 25 re P Figure 3 1 13 104 Product description Sampling ring Tensiometer shaft for lower level incl Silicone gasket ceramic tip Tensiometer shaft for upper level incl O Ring prevents intrusion of soil ceramic tip O Ring seals Tensiometers Screw in thread for the shafts with pressure transducer beneath Temperature sensor Sensor unit Figure 3 2 Fastener clip i i 3 2 2 Pressure transducers The internal pressure transducers measure the soil water tension in the sample through the two
54. r the HYPROP measurement The scale must be levelled out Most scales have a bubble level Since the Earth s gravity varies at each location the balance has to be calibrated before the initial operation and every time the balance is relocated A periodical recalibration is recommended Use a standard weight of accuracy class M1 Please read and follow the instructions in the manual of the balance The recommended scale Kern EG 2200 has an internal precision weight thus the accuracy of the balance can be checked at any time and adjusted The weight marked on the samping rings relates to a gravity of 9 802 ms 2 The gravity mainly depends on the latitude 9 780 0 9 833 90 ms 2 Cable fixation To avoid errors the HYPROP cable must be fixed Mount the HYPROP sensor cable as shown in the picture below Clip the cable into the cable clips The cable should be put on the scale and tared to 0 31 p lt x i E Figure 5 5 39 104 Set up the HYPROP eee ED Figure 5 6 Cable length between plug and upper cable clip should be about 15 cm Cable length of the loop between both cable clips should be about 20 cm If you don t have this clips please ask us for the accessory kit incl Application Note to fix the cable It is free of charge 40 104 Set up the HYPROP i 20 YEARS UMS 5 2 Software tensioVIEW 5 2 1 Menu tensioVIEW has simple mostly self explaining menus for read o
55. s even more steep than in the case of clay The description of the data with models is not a problem however in dry areas completely unsure Suitable models are e g the van Genuchten model or Kosugi model 84 104 Appendix UNS 12 1 3 Slightly loamy Sand SI2 Click Here u Tension unten Tension oben 2200 4 Sat 26 Sun 21 Mon 22 Tue 23 gt set Site UMS Fundus siehe Probennummer Soil type slightly loamy sand S 1 U 82 T 17 Messurements at UMS Soillab Evaporation 5 7 mm d Temperature 23 C 85 104 Appendix Description of the measuring process The measurement process is typical of a sand with low fines The water tensions rise spontaneously immediately after the start of measurement until they reach a level that corresponds to the bubble point In this case it is about 30 cm pF 1 5 Small spikes at the beginning of the measurements indicates that the air is not uniform but in jerks occur in the system This will be shown in the evaluation of the retention curve The tensiometers run for a long time completely parallel and differs only around a hydrostatic pressure difference of 2 5 hPa Only after the main pores are beeing drained the upper tensiometer value initially rises exponentially The tensiometer failled very quickly and the air entry point of the ceramic tip is reached shortly while the lower tensiometer is still in the regular measuring range The diff
56. sample by inserting the Tensiometer shafts into the drilled holes Please take care that no air gaps and soil compression will happen Now turn the assembly and remove saturation bowl and cloth Close the clips to fix sampling ring and sensor unit Figure 4 19 34 104 Set up the HYPROP Qd 20 YEARS UMS 5 Set up the HYPROP In the next step please place the sensor head on the tared scale and plug in the cables Figure 5 1 5 1 Connect the system components The next step is to connect the components with tensioLINK Up to 20 sensor units can be linked to a PC at the same time with the supplied bus cables and distributors Above Figure 5 1 the sensor unit is directly connected to the PC with the HYPROP USB converter The internal power supply of the USB converter is capable of powering a single sensor unit please be aware to set the PC to constant power mode 35 104 Set up the HYPROP Figure 5 2 In the multi device mode connect each sensor unit to a T piece plug with a HYPROP connecting cable Sensor units can be connected in any order as the software recognizes the position of any sensor unit automatically Finally connect the main power supply unit to the plug of the last T piece plug and the HYPROP USB converter to a free USB port on your PC The internal power supply of the USB converter is capable of powering a single sensor unit AS soon as 2 or more sensor units are connected the USB power supply
57. scale you are asked to continuously place each unit on the scale according to the measuring cycle Measuring time the selected you set the time measuring time is separately also the weighing interval 6 4 2 Start of a measuring campaign i Click the button Start Campaign to start the measuring campaign The intervals entered in the configuration are assumed 6 4 3 Constant starting conditions When you set the start line there must be constant starting conditions This means that the tension values are constantly horizontal for a certain time period preparation of the sample and hardware see chapter 6 1 54 104 Perform a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS 6 4 4 Start a spontaneou measurement In the function window you can optionally click on measuring to start a measurement spontaneously out of the constant measurement 6 4 5 Current status of the measurement In the left upper window Current status the current readings are Current status displayed Status OK Tension 1 4 08 hPa Tension 2 3 63 hPa Temp 2 15 C last weight 970 22 g Anytime you can stop the campaign change the interval or restart the campaign The logging is continuously starts and stops are marked with a dotted line in the graphs The upper graph shows the tensions the lower graph the weight The readings are displayed in a table on the right side of the graphs 55 104 Perform a measuring campaign 6 4 6 Meas
58. shafts differentially against atmosphere 14 104 Product description i 20 YEARS UMS 3 2 3 Tensiometers Tensiometers measure the soil water tension or the matric potential These Tensiometers have a measuring range of 100 kPa water pressure to 85 kPa water tension With proper filling the Tensiometers may work beyond the conventional tension measuring range If the soil gets too dry the Tensiometer needs to be refilled see chapter Refilling The soil water tension is conducted via the porous ceramic tip to the water inside the shaft and measured as an analogue signal by the pressure transducer The Tensiometer shafts are screwed into the transducer 2 openings in the sensor unit Standard sampling rings can Fig 3 3 easily be placed on the sensor unit so the Tensiometer ceramic tips are positioned inside the soil sample There is one short and one long shaft to pick up the tension at two depths The Tensiometer shafts are one of the most sensitive parts of the system Always handle them with care To transfer the soil water tension as a negative pressure into the Tensiometer a semi permeable diaphragm is required This must have good mechanical stability and water permeability but also have gas impermeability The Tensiometer tip consists of porous ceramic Al O sintered material The special manufacturing process guarantees homogeneous porosity with good water conductivity and very high firmness Compared to conventio
59. siometer keeps on measuring beyond the boiling point To achieve this shafts and sensor unit must have an absolutely bubble free filling Some Tensiometer cups can go down to 250 kPa before they run dry occasionally even a range of 450 kPa is achievable As this is exceptional there is no guarantee for this measuring range For HYPROP measurements this means that a measuring campaign should be continued as long as the Tensiometers keep on functioning unless the 8 8 bar range is irrelevant It is possible to get further information from the known bubble point which is 8 8 bar for the HYPROP cups The moment the tension reading rapidly drops to zero the soil has a tension of 880 kPa 20 kPa Therefore it is recommendable to continue with the measurement until the tension reading is O kPa see publication U Schindler JPNSS The evaporation method Extended measurement range of soil hydraulic properties using the air entry pressure of the ceramic cup 78 104 Additional notes i 20 YEARS UMS 11 2 Vapour pressure influence on pF WC If the temperature of a soil with a constant water content rises from 20 C to 25 C the soil water tension is reduced by about 0 85 kPa due to the increased vapour pressure which antagonizes the water tension prem Ta Toe s m m m mH Pressure change per 1 2 1 5 1 9 2 5 1 2 14 Kelvin in hPa 11 3 Osmotic effect The ceramic has a pore size ofr 0 3 um and therefore cannot block
60. small hole ca 22 mm on the pressure sensor unit It is very sensitive and must never be touched It can be destroyed even by slightest contact e g with a needle No contamination should get on sealing and gasket Please connect the HYPROP cable and the USB cable to the sensorhead and start the refiling window in tensioVIEW The pressure signal should be very closed to zero Push the silicone cap or tube over the shafts to protect the ceramic please don t touch the ceramic with your fingers Add a drop of water on top of the shaft with the droplet syringe so the meniscus is convex see Figure 4 9 Each hole on the sensor unit is marked by a groove The long shaft is inserted where the long groove is and the short shaft where the short Figure 4 13 ONE I9 LF A 30 104 Get ready to start a measuring campaign i 20 YEARS UMS Carefully screw the shaft into the sensor unit While screwing ca 8 turns in the Tensiometer shaft the pressure must not exceed 1 bar burst pressure 3 bar In case the pressure rises to high stop the turning in and wait until the pressure has dropped You will clearly notice the point when the shaft hits the O ring inside the sensor unit From this point do only another quarter turn Figure 4 14 On the sensor unit push an O ring 1 over each of the shafts 2 to the very bottom The rings will keep out dirt once the Tensiometer shafts are installed Place a water fi
61. the data points This is essential as distinct parameters i e and n at van Genuchten Mualem influence the shape of both functions he adaption is accomplished by a non linear regression under minimization of the sum of all assessed squares of the distance between data points and model forecast However the assumption that the water content is spread out linear over the column is not always fulfilled in coarse pored or structured soil Therefore the so called integral fit is applied for the adaption of the retention function to avoid an systematic error Peters and Durner 2006 For details of the fitting procedure and data assessment please refer to Peters and Durner 2007 2008 Please find a reference list in the appendix 76 104 Additional notes i 20 YEARS UMS 11 Additional notes 11 4 Extended measuring range The extent of the measuring range of a Tensiometer is influenced by 3 factors 1 The bubble point 2 The vapour pressure boiling point 3 The boiling retardation 11 1 1 The bubble point of the porous cup The bubble point of a porous hydrophilic structure is specified by the wetting angle and the pore size The cups used for UMS Tensiometers have a bubble point far beyond the measuring range 8 8 bar Therefore the bubble point has no limiting influence 11 1 2 The vapour pressure of water At a temperature of 20 C the vapour pressure of water is 2 3 kPa against vacuum With an atmospheric pr
62. urements in the Single device mode Select Single device mode under General Parameters in the configuration window Set up the parameters as described in the previous chapters In the single device mode only one measuring interval is entered which is used for both tension and temperature measurement Start the measuring campaign and do a zero set as described in chapter Zero Set ey Conigueton Measurement Expat Log I Ky teretol NXIR USR Adapter BT Status 2 d MYHYPROPMK Sat of masa romom Neat tenaiometer maa mant Tension Bottom hPa Number cf zersorunes Next recommended weight measument Tanson Too hPa uv MYeEROE MK Tempenture 3537 MY HYPROF MK Nea i ix Weit bl Curent seus Measurrg cata Evaluation 3 gg Wange Sm West bl Ze offset Fundtions Sanus 0 1 Tension 1 amp 2 Tension 2 Terainmetertop hPa 17 Lem Mezauremont Tem Tersometer botos hPa gt lat weight Automatically je Seectnd meas rec value ensonliop enson bono AL 189 4 i eee a oe oe 08 02 2008 14 53 25 x i j i id re m e Ta Cee arn kt Anio ex A 07 02 2008 14 55 55 07 00 2008 15 00 25 07 02 2008 15 00 55 1 07 02 2008 15 01 25 07 02 2008 15 01 55 07 02 2008 15 02 25 07 02 2008 15 02 55 07 02 2008 15 03 25 07 02 2008 15 02 55 07 02 2008 15 04 25 07 02 2008 15 04 55 07 02 2008 15 05 25 07 02 2008 15 05 55 Do feb 2000 Ime 07 02 200
63. ut and configuration of tensioLINK devices After starting tensioVIEW the display is more or less blank most functions are not activated 5 2 1 1 Find devices If one or more sensors are connected via the USB converter ns they can be found by pressing the magnifying glass button tensioVIEW offers two options for searching 5 2 1 2 Single device mode tensioVIEW expects that only one device is connected which will be found very quickly This mode is not functional if more than one device is connected 5 2 1 3 Multiplexed devices mode 7 tensioVIEW is able to run up to 20 HYPROP sensor units connected to the bus within 8 seconds but only if each device is already personalized with an individual bus identification address If two or more devices have an identical address none of them will be found All devices found will be displayed in the left section in a directory tree Same types of devices will be grouped in one directory 41 104 Set up the HYPROP tensio VIEW Project Devices Tasks Window i Pw Z Ra a E BERN Adapte c Hyprop Tension Bottom hPz ension n hPa J P l Double click on the device zu Weight a Figure 5 7 5 2 2 Device window Detected devices will be displayed with their programmed names Press the symbol to see what readings parameter are available Double click on the name to open a menu window where all specifications and functions of this device are d
64. water syringe HYPROP Scale HYPROP Scale EEE train HYPROP training Incl training material ca 4 h Refillstation and Accessories EE HYPROP refill unit connection to external pump incl vacuum bottle manometer Absperrhahne available end of 2011 HYPROP vacuumpump available end of 2011 98 104 13 UMS List of literature Brooks R H and A T Corey 1964 Hydraulic properties of porous media Hydrol Pap 3 27 pp Colo State Univ Fort Collins Durner W 1994 Hydraulic conductivity estimation 703 for soils with heterogeneous pore structure Water Resour Res 30 211 223 Durner W Iden S C Schelle H and Peters A im Druck Determination of hydraulic properties of porous media across the whole moisture range in Schuhmann R Hrsg Workshop Innovative Feuchtemessung in Forschung und Praxis Materialeigenschaften und Prozesse 12 10 14 10 2011 am KIT Karlsruhe Mualem Y 1976 A New Model for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Porous Media Water Resources Research Vol12 No 3 Peters A and W Durner 2006 Improved estimation of soil water retention characteristics from hydrostatic column experiments Water Resour Res 42 W11401 doi 10 1029 2006WR004952 Peters A and Durner W 2007 Optimierung eines einfachen Verdunstungsverfahrens zur Bestimmung boden hydraulischer Eigenschaften Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlic
65. we recommend to check the HYPROP sensor unit once a year and re calibrate them every two years Return the HYPROP sensor unit to UMS for recalibration If necessary 9 1 4 Check the Offset screw off the Tensiometer shafts Carefully blow out remaining water from the shaft drillings Connect the sensor unit to tensioVIEW and continuously observe the readings Wait until the readings are stable The readings should be between 0 2 kPa and 0 2 kPa If the readings are beyond this range a re calibration might be necessary 9 2 Cleaning The sensor unit is rated IP65 and can be cleaned under running water but pay attention that the cover of the plug connector is closed Clean ceramic and shaft only with a moist towel If the ceramic is clogged it may be flushed with Rehalon If the pores are clogged with clay particles saturate the ceramic and then polish the ceramic surface with a wetted waterproof sandpaper grain size 150 240 9 3 Storage If the HYPROP should not be used for a year or more empty shaft and sensor head to avoid algae growth Store both in a dry place 70 104 Service and maintenance i 20 YEARS UMS 9 4 Change the O ring on the HYPROP sensor unit After many refilling procedures but also if the O ring is squeezed too hard with the shaft the O ring can be worn out and is not sealing anymore You will notice this if the Tensiometer does not reach the boiling point anymore i e close to 90 kPa or t
66. zing the evaporation process and the spatiotemporal decrease of water content inside the sample during the evaporation process The results of surveys of more than 2000 samples became part of German and international soil data bases HYPRES UNSODA and were basis of many scientific studies List of referring publications 1 Schindler U 1980 Ein Schnellverfahren zur Messung der Wasserleitfahigkeit im teilgesattigten Boden an Stechzylinderproben Arch Acker u Pflanzenbau u Bodenkd Berlin 24 1 1 7 2 Schindler U Bohne K and R Sauerbrey 1985 Comparison of different measuring and calculating methods to quantify the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil Z Pflanzenernahr Bodenkd 148 607 617 3 Schindler U Thiere J Steidl J und L Muller 2004 Bodenhydrologische Kennwerte heterogener Flacheneinheiten Methodik der Ableitung und Anwendungsbeispiel f r Nordostdeutschland Fachbeitrag des Landesumweltamtes H 87 Bodenschutz 2 Landesumweltamt Brandenburg Potsdam 55 S http www brandenburg de cms media php 2320 lua_bd37 pdf 4 Schindler U M ller L 2006 Simplifying the evaporation method for quantifying soil hydraulic properties J of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 169 5 169 623 629 Mr Andre Peters in his dissertation at the Institute for Geoecology of the Technical University Braunschweig headed by Prof Dr Wolfgang Durner has scientifically examined the theoretical principles of the

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