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1. 5 d n NI IF LN TR CF OF CO BG E Active Log BAR Number Time Length Flags TXH Domain Source Log Not Running Interface Off line Figure 18 Active Log Window 2 Start the logging process by selecting menu Packet Start Log from File trace Packets will be logged from a file to simulate a real network An open dialog box is shown where you open the file tutorial prc that comes with the LPA Watch the log window where packets appear now Every incoming packet occupies a line of the table as shown in Figure 19 E Active Log Running Number Time Length Flags TXH Domain Source Destination Service Data 1 14 06 22 435 12 4 4 0 j 02 02 01 01 ACKD UPDT 0001 10 2 14 06 24 435 9 sells 0 0101 02 02 ACK 3 14 06 26 435 12 A 1 02 02 01 01 ACKD UPDT 0001 20 4 4 1 01 01 02 02 ACK 01 01 UPDT 0001 30 Figure 19 Incoming Packets 3 Pause the logging process by clicking on El LOYTEC electronics GmbH 21 LPA Manual 3 Tutorial 4 Click on the right mouse button within the log window and choose Packet Details Whenever you click on the right mouse button within a log window a popup menu will appear where you can setup the packet display Detailed information about the currently active packet is displayed now as shown in Figure 20 amp Active Log Paused DER Number Time Length Flags TXH Domain Destination Service Data 1 14 00 44 002 12 sale ES 0 j
2. The LpaPlgChangePacketDetails function is called by the LPA right before a packet shall be displayed in the packet detail area of the log window see Section 4 3 Like in the previous function the parameter LpaPacket is passed to decide if the packet information shall be changed before output The parameter LpaDisplayOptions has also the same meaning as for the LoaChangePacket function Additionally the LpaPacketDetails parameter points to a structure containing the textual information that is about to be displayed in the packet detail area The format of this structure is shown here file LpaPFmt h typedef struct _LpaPacketDetails_t LPA packet details for LPA plugins char FieldDomain 33 field Domain in LPA packet details char FieldSource 128 field Source in LPA packet details char FieldDestination 128 field Destination in LPA packet details char FieldMessage 64 field Message in LPA packet details char FieldData field at the bottom of LPA packet details LpaPacketDetails t The members FieldDomain FieldSource FieldDestination and FieldMessage correspond to the fields Domain Source Destination and Message of the packet detail area The member FieldData is an array of strings that represents the data listbox at the bottom of the packet detail area The maximum number of lines in FieldData is LPA PDET MAX LINES the maximum length of one lin
3. NIC_PCI_1_001 NIC_PCI_1_002 etc are displayed and can be selected explicitly see Figure 15 The reserved devices are reserved for Legacy applications and should not be selected see NIC User Manual Following is a list of differences between physical devices and MNI devices All MNI devices share the same serial number equal to the serial number of the physical network interface If the physical device is already occupied the MNI devices for that physical device are not available and vice versa LPA time stamps are calculated in software when logging from an MNI device rather than generated in hardware when logging from the physical device and therefore have a lower resolution LOYTEC electronics GmbH 17 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup The physical network interface name the access type as well as information about timestamp generation is displayed at the bottom of the network interface selection window as shown in Figure I and Figure 15 Other than that the behavior of an MNI device is exactly the same as of a physical network interface It is completely transparent to the LPA software if the underlying network interface is multiplexed or not Please note that the NIC Legacy Driver must be running to enable MNI devices 2 4 Command Line File Open To open a packet log file when starting the LPA the command line parameter f can be used e g C Program Files LOYTEC LPA LPA exe f log namel p
4. 29 01 2004 2 8 AB Numerous Changes in Chapter 2 Installation and Setup Added Section 2 3 4 NIC IP Devices 23 02 2004 2 9 AB Some minor changes 24 01 2005 2 11 AB Additional Info in Network Interface Selection see Figure 1 Figure 15 Improved documentation of Packet Storage Mode in Section 5 1 Chapter 6 All example projects available for Visual C 7 1 24 02 2005 2 12 AB LPA Server only mode see Section 2 7 extended APDU filtering see Section 5 3 04 04 2005 2 13 AB Some minor changes 18 01 2006 3 0 AB New Section 2 4 Command Line File Open Section 4 3 Added transaction identification Section 4 6 Added Adjust Columns and Filtering Conversion Section 4 8 Added LPA 3 0 information in log files Section 5 1 Added field Trend Size Section 5 5 Added new error counters New Section 5 6 Node Statistics New Section 5 7 LPA Reports New Section 5 8 Statistics Trends New Section 6 4 LPA Report DLLs LOYTEC electronics GmbH 70 LPA Manual Abbreviations Abbreviations ACK Acknowledgement ACKD Acknowledged Message APDU Application Protocol Data Unit AuthPDU Authentication Protocol Data Unit CNIP Control Network over IP CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSV Comma Separated Value DLL Dynamic Link Library LAN Local Area Network LPA LOYTEC Protocol Analyzer Mbps Megabits per second MDI Multiple Document Interface MNI Multiplexed Network Interface
5. A dialog box will appear as shown in Figure 47 Packet Simulation Packet Repeat 00000000 00000000 01 81 01 00000000 8000 FF 1 Simulate Result Packet OK Time ms o Figure 47 Packet Simulation Here you can simulate packets as if they were coming from the network You can enter the raw packet you want to simulate in the field Packet Note that the CRC is calculated automatically and therefore does not have to be input Bytes of the packet can be entered in hexadecimal e g FF OA C7 or binary form with a dot as an indicator e g 00101011 You can also choose to send the packet several times as fast as possible in the field Repeat After simulating the packet s by clicking on the button Simulate you will get a Result message which tells you if the packet has protocol errors and if it has been filtered by the capture filter or display filter In addition to that the time it took to log the packet s is also displayed which gives you a rough estimation of your system performance If you don t want to bother with the bits and bytes of the network protocol you can also create a packet by clicking on the button Create which invokes the dialog box shown in Figure 48 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 57 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Create Packet PPDU Header TPDU Header Priority J Alt Path Delta BL 0 C Authenticated Transaction No NPDU Header TPDU type Acknowledged
6. Open the just stored packet log by clicking on al An open dialog box appears where you open the file test plg Observe that the used packet converter file tutorial pco is also opened automatically Figure 24 shows the packet log window which should appear on your screen You can now further analyze the packet log or exit the LPA by selecting menu File Exit LOYTEC electronics GmbH 24 LPA Manual E test plg Number Time 14 10 04 244001 14 10 06 244000 14 10 08 244000 14 10 10 244000 14 21 03 482000 14 21 05 482000 14 21 07 482000 14 21 09 482000 14 21 11 482000 14 21 13 482000 14 21 15 482000 14 21 17 482000 14 21 19 482000 14 21 21 483000 14 21 23 483000 14 21 25 483000 14 21 27 483000 14 21 29 483000 14 21 31 483000 14 21 33 483000 14 21 35 483000 14 21 37 483000 14 21 39 483000 14 21 41 483000 LOYTEC electronics GmbH Tatt Domain Building A Control Unit al L Building 1 Building 2 Building l Building 4 Building 4 I Building Building A l Building E Building B lea Building B I Building B Building B I Building B Building B I Building A l Building B lee Building 4 1 Building B Building B PR PR I Building B I Building B Building B Building 4 Building B Motor Control Unit Motor Control Unit Motor Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit
7. LOYTEC electronics GmbH 56 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Zoom Listbox at the top of the panel Here you can choose between different zoom levels Show All fits the complete trend into the charts Zoom and Pan allows you to zoom and pan manually as described above All other settings show a certain section of the latest part of the trend This is useful for on line observation since in this case the charts automatically scroll to the left as soon as new values arrive Go to Packet only available off line By clicking on this button the packet at the beginning of the displayed range is selected in the packet log The position of the currently selected packet is always indicated as a blue bar in the charts of the trend as shown in Figure 46 Export Trends only available off line Click this button to export all trend values to a CSV comma separated value file Separator characters can be setup in the LPA Settings Section 5 11 5 9 Packet Simulation To learn about the functions of the LPA and the network protocol in general you can simulate packets as if they were coming from a real network Every possible packet can be created from data you input All functions of the analyzer like filtering conversion and statistics can be utilized during packet simulation After you have created a new active log window and setup the log mode you can start packet simulation by selecting menu Packet Start Log Simulate
8. Lamp Control Unit Lamp Control Unit Lamp Control Unit Control Unit Motor Lamp Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit Destination Motor Control Unit Motor Control Unit Motor Control Unit Machines Machines Machines Lamp Control Unit Lamp Control Unit Lamp Control Unit Motor Lamp Control Unit Control Unit Motors amp Lamps tiMotors amp Lamps tiMotors amp Lamps tiMotors amp Lamps ACKD ACK Un amp CkD APT Un amp CKD APT Un amp CkD APT ACKD ACK ACKD ACK ACKD ACK ACKD ACKD ACK ACK Un amp CKD RPT Un amp CKD APT Un amp CKD RPT UnACKD APT Un amp CKD Un amp CKD Figure 24 Log Window of Packet Log File 25 UPDT Motor UPDT Motor UPDT Motor UPDT Motor UPDT Motor UPDT Motor UPDT Light UPDT Light UPDT Light UPDT Motor UPDT Light UPDT Light UPDT Light UPDT Light UPDT Light UPDT Motor UPDT Light Speed 20 Speed 30 Speed 00 Speed 00 Speed 00 Intensity Intensity Intensity Speed 8C Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Speed 00 Intensity 3 Tutorial LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA 4 Using the LPA The LOYTEC Protocol Analyzer enables you to monitor and analyze packets from a network by capturing packets from the net and storing them into packet logs The LPA is an application with a Multi Document Interface MDI which means that several d
9. sse 12 log from network eene 28 35 l g mode ierat tese 27 log mode settings esse ee eee eee eee 38 log statistics iia obse nk 49 log status nt aee teet 32 log window e ideen burgere 29 lost packets eee 32 50 LOYTEC Configuration tool 6 LOYTEC Protocol Analyzer 6 LOYTEC Software CD eee 6 EPA eie b t qe mien aee 6 LPA Chent 23 esa 63 LPA configuration esee 18 LPA MENUS E 26 LPA Pius Jm 50 61 65 EPA Server ecce eene ente 50 61 63 LPA Server only mode esses 19 EPA Settings iunio esee 60 IT A Redes 6 LPACONV eee AE 61 LPA IP EE 6 9 11 LPA IP SW 5 eaten nnt 6 EE EE 6 M main window T 26 marked packets esee 35 49 MDS authentication sese eee ee 13 16 I T STH iii 26 measurement system sese ee eee eee eee eee 61 MEN THEM s n ati 26 merge converter files sese 39 message Codes cccocccoccconoconcconocononnnonnncnnonanonanonnncnnoo 31 message DC 29 Inessage typesciaeecehcene E ane 50 missed preambles sess 50 MNI devices i sane ud mp 16 Multiplexed Network Interfaces 16 N negative entry icit terere e eee 44 network addresses sss 39 44 network diagnostic messages 31 network interface es eee eee 6 7 27 network interface configuration 6 network management messages see ee ee ee eee 31 netwo
10. sse 24 destination address 29 45 direction O reete teo 41 46 display filters Qu eeu 28 42 54 display options eereononnorvrnnernrvvrnnevvrennnevavnesnne 29 47 DEL ede RP deat 63 65 67 domain hesira heete enir eneoti Sa 29 40 45 51 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 74 Index domain 8 IR WEE 40 41 45 domain index searial anien n ine 42 domain tables eene 41 E EEN 6 E RE 6 11 GEAR 50 event recording essere 59 exit DEBA ar e ET EE PE 24 EXPO kalas kasi 57 export Jog sai Aik Rees pr 36 EXPOTt SELNES EE 62 export table 2 stake portes 54 external applications eese 61 63 F filter file eae T 42 filter section cente Hen decedent 43 find packet h e etn 29 33 Mirian sendes 29 font SIZE oii Rite Anas aan arian ets 37 G goto sI seid 29 33 57 good packets sse 44 49 58 uii Y 30 40 41 42 45 51 group ID 2 e steer is 40 H help system ertt bem 37 hidden packets aci eR arora Too ian 35 49 hide columns eene 34 I input network variable oonnrnrornrrrnrrrnrrrnvrrnrrnr 41 installation aterert petet 6 interface settings emm 7 27 interrupted packets esee 50 RAE 9 L EAN E tas 10 landscape format 37 layer 2 32 napa e e e eite 58 Lt eec it ise teo 58 IS NT 58 IE ee EE eene ante 58 RE EE 6 linemumber 5 esie ieee ees 29 33 EP uc oeste tet ruin ee eq REG 11 LPA Manual L IP Assignment
11. 01201 ACKD UPDT 0001 10 2 14 00 46 001 9 ll SE 0 02 02 ACK 3 14 00 48 001 12 efes Lee 1 j 01201 ACKD UPDT 0001 20 4 14 00 50 001 9 14 1 j 02 02 ACK 14 00 52 001 12 2 j 02 02 UPDT 0001 30 General Packet Information Address and Message Information Packet Number 5 ise Domain lt no Domain ID transmitted gt Priority a Se Ge Se 000 C Alternate Path Sauce S N 02 02 ena ae on JAuthenticated Destination S N 01 01 TX Number 2 CRC F46D Service Acknowledged emp Message Network Variable Update Update 0001 to 30 erg 0 Figure 20 Packet Details 5 Click on the right mouse button within the log window and choose Protocol Details Details of all information contained in the current packet according to the network protocol is displayed now see Section 4 3 You can switch off packet details and protocol details again by repeating steps 4 and 5 6 Edit the packet converter by clicking on col A dialog box appears where you click on the button Open and choose the file tutorial pco The packet converter is used to display symbolic names instead of plain numbers for addresses and network variables in the log window Click on the button OK now The columns Domain Source Destination and Data in the log window are changed according to the conversion tables as shown in Figure 21 Changed due to Packet Converter E Active Lo
12. 266340 0 Generic Building amp 03 Subnet 1 3 33 Zone Controller Alpha 24257 Building 4 03 Subnet 1 3 37 Room Controller 3 650 Building 4 03 Subnet 13 3A Lighting 2 3453 Building amp 03 Subnet 1 3 41 Heating Room 1 3305 Building 4 03 Subnet 1 3 4B Heating Room 5 4445 Building 4 05 Subnet 1 5 21 Heating Room 4 3127 Building 05 Subnet 1 5 24 Heating Room 2 2926 Building amp 06 Subnet 16 09 Lighting 3 263441 Building 06 Subnet 1 6 DB Lighting 1 Building amp 06 Subnet 1 E 18 Room Controller 1 Building 4 06 Subnet 1 6 1F Lighting 4 Building amp 06 Subnet 1 6 24 Heating Room 5 Building amp 06 Subnet 1 6 27 Heating Room 3 Building NZ Subnet 1 7 NR Boom Controller 2 C Enable Disp Filter Generic Create Display Fit Receiver Create Display Filter e Display Filter Receiver Add to Display Filter Genenc Converter Entry Generic Generic Export Table Generic Genetic o 0000000 Generic Generic Generic Generic Generic Generic SS o EA 200000 a Nodes Packets L t Path Ackd Groups Building Building Building Building Building v Figure 43 Node Statistics All detected domains subnets nodes and groups are shown in the four displayed tables When clicking on a certain line in one of the tables all corresponding lines in the other tables will be highlighted and small triangles will appear in the Number column of these lines In Figure 43 e g
13. Info to check the device name type interface list configuration server and location string Finally select a logical device LIP 01 LIP 32 and click on Assign to assign the device To automatically assign all currently discovered devices click on Auto Assign in the L IP Assignment dialog Figure 8 You can sort the discovered devices first by clicking on a specific column header in the device table The assignments can be cleared loaded and saved using the buttons Clear Clear All Load and Save If no remote devices are discovered or you want to add another EIA852 channel please click on Add Channel which opens the dialog window depicted in Figure 10 Add Channel Enter a Member of the Additional Channel IP or NAT Address Port Enable MD5 Authentication 192 168 1 246 1628 Device Name Interface Device Type L IP local EIA709 Configuration Server Location 192 168 1 246 Norbert s Desk Add Channel Member and Restart Search Figure 10 Add EIA852 Channel Just like in the Assign Add dialog please enter the IP NAT address the port number and optionally the MDS key of one channel member You can click on Get Info to see if the chosen device can be contacted Finally click on Add Channel Member and Restart Search All members of the added channel should now be displayed in the L IP Assignment dialog LOYTEC electronics GmbH 13 LPA Manual 2 Installa
14. Ta 7 reject packets i sescenti 45 Remote Device Discovery sese eee 12 Remote LA 6 11 Ug EE 54 67 restart log Asis auo eee eee 23 S Slds 27 Sel ctOE e erae er e 41 46 SENGER M 52 Re e Pp EAEE E EEEE 29 49 shortcut key 4 nete 26 35 SHOW COLUMNS 2 3 onec vm rome eet 34 Silent node acce te ar ences 52 SNV KEE 30 31 42 Roo EE 51 source address see 29 45 Ido H 31 SPDU header Greens 58 split PRE files ER A 60 EI Lee 21 SIE ER EE 32 SLOP EE 24 28 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 76 Index SN oo CoA ESOO EE 30 40 41 42 45 51 Subnet ID a S 40 EUA Teen TE TTT 39 system performance eee eee eee ee eee 57 T time gtamp 10 14 17 29 59 61 time stamp Format 47 time stamp modesina neire aar nE i 48 Ton Diada E ere a 27 TBDU 55 5 iiie e rtr em 31 TPDU header eme 58 trace mode a hove a ee I tes 59 transaction denpftceaton sees 30 transaction pDumber ses se ee eee 29 AOS Cirat 32 transceiver E E H trend eet eet cente dra eee 38 56 TIS SED us ee e eet edes 27 43 U USB Key feiss Siig tee eb tele 9 W WAN ORG Ep ERES eet 10 LPA Manual
15. and Setup Interface Settings Transceiver Settings Transceiver Bitrate XID PORT 1 an 1000000 o POI o 0 Comment Local Area CNIP Control Network Over IP Figure 6 NIC852 Transceiver Selection Another use case for the NIC852 is to connect directly to a LOYTEC L IP router and log packets from the EIA709 port of the L IP as described in Section 2 3 3 2 3 3 L IP Devices Remote LPA The LPA IP SW software in combination with a NIC852 can be used to log packets from the EIA709 port of a specific LOYTEC L IP Router Up to four PCs running LPA can log from the same L IP at a time Please observe that you must update your L IPs to firmware version 2 0 or higher for the Remote LPA functionality In this use case the PC is not necessarily a member of the EIA852 channel although it could be Rather the LPA IP is connected to the L IP over the Internet Intranet in a point to point fashion Ethernet Internet Intranet Ethernet Ethernet S as ara ne Figure 7 Remote LPA running on L IP In the example of Figure 7 two LPA logs are started one on each L IP device Each LPA log window shows the local traffic of the corresponding L IP s EIA709 port To discover and assign remote L IP devices for the LPA IP SW software a Remote Device Discovery and LOYTEC electronics GmbH 11 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup Assignment module is available which can be invoked by clicking on L IP Assig
16. and stored to a packet log file without packet loss a function called Split PRC Files has been established It is activated by selecting menu File Split PRC Files The size of the resulting files can be setup in the LPA settings see Section 5 11 The names of the files will be composed of the original file name and a number The file test prc e g will be split into the files test0000 prc testO001 prc etc Please be patient when you select this function since it takes a while to process large files When all files have been written a message will appear showing the number of created files Observe that the original packet recording file is not deleted 5 11 LPA Settings General settings of the LPA can be changed by selecting menu File Settings By clicking on Default you can restore the previous settings When you click on Save as Default the currently shown settings are stored as the default Settings will also be stored automatically upon exiting the LPA Figure 49 shows the LPA Settings window LPA Settings Directories Default Files Extemal Converter Measure Misc Default Directories Log Files plg pre C ProgrammeSLOYTEC LPASLOG Converter Files peo gt C ProgrammeSLOYTEC LPASCONVERT Filter Files pft C ProgrammeSLOYTECSLPASFILTER Default Save as Default Figure 49 LPA Settings On top of the LPA settings form the following sections are avai
17. arrangement of log windows and selection of visible log window Help Menu on line help system and information about LPA LOYTEC electronics GmbH 26 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA Some menu items are disabled dimmed when it is not allowed to activate the corresponding function for some reason When a specific function of the LPA is described in the following the menu item to activate this function is always mentioned 4 2 Tool Bar Some common functions of the LPA can be activated by clicking on the buttons of the tool bar to provide quick access When the mouse pointer is positioned over one of the buttons a small box showing the corresponding menu item appears as illustrated in Figure 26 Open Log Figure 26 Button and Corresponding Menu Item Some buttons are disabled whenever the linked menu items are disabled The tool bar consists of the following buttons 5 New Log menu File New Creates a new window for the active log This is used whenever new packets shall be logged from the network or from other sources the analyzer can utilize see Chapter 5 Open Log menu File Open Opens a previously stored log file E E Save Log menu File Save Stores the current log to a log file To store the current log under a new name select menu File Save As NI Network Interface menu Profile Interface Allows you to select the network interface see Chapter 2 E Interface Settings menu Profile I
18. file ProcPRC sln in the same folder is a solution file for Visual C 7 1 There is also a compiled executable file available located in the folder SOURCE ProcPRC Release called ProcPRC exe It reads the packet recording file test prc and displays packet data in a console window 6 2 LPA Server and Clients The LPA can forward information to third party applications while packets are logged This feature is activated by starting the LPA Server see Section 5 11 The LPA Server automatically writes all packets that pass through the capture filter see 5 3 into a packet ring buffer that can store up to 128 packets So called LPA Clients can access packet data on line by using the DLL LpaCli dll This DLL provides two functions to read packet data and wait for new packets To avoid blocking of the LPA software while packets are logged there is no hand shaking between the server and the clients This means that the clients must process packet data fast enough in order not to lose any packets Other than that there is no limitation on the number of clients running at the same time It is also possible to start and stop the LPA Clients as well as the LPA Server at any time the synchronization is always done automatically To create an LPA Client application the DLL Dynamic Link Library LpaCli dll which is located in the folder SOURCE LpaCliT Release of your LPA installation directory must be linked to your appli
19. node Symbolic names have to start with a non numeric character and can contain any character except 4P and There are four conversion tables Domains Subnets Groups and Nodes LOYTEC electronics GmbH 39 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Packet Converter of Active Log tutorial pco Domain Name Domain ID Hex Domains Building Building B 0x01 Subnet Name Domain ID SubnetlD Subnets Floor01 Building 1 Foot Building 4 Level 0x4B0002 1 Level02 0x4B0002 2 Enable Converter Group Name Domain ID Group ID bal Groups Motors amp Lamps Building 10 Machines Building 11 Motors amp Lamps Building B 2 Machines Building B 3 Edit Node Node Name NID Domain ID Subnet NodeNr Groups0 Domain Motor 000000000000 Building A Floor01 1 Motors amp L Lamp 000000000001 Building B 01 1 Control Unit 000000000002 Building A Floor02 Machines Building Figure 36 Packet Converter Domains Here you can assign symbolic domain names to domain IDs Domain IDs must always be entered in hexadecimal form in one of the following formats according to the network protocol OXHH 0xHHHHHH or 0xHHHHHHHHHHHH where H stand for a hexadecimal digit In addition to that you can enter to indicate the special domain with no ID domain length 0 Subnets In every row of the subnet table you can assign a symbolic subnet name to a subnet ID You also have
20. node or group Otherwise Type LPAR GEN ItemIdx must be set to 0 ValueIdx specifies the index of the requested integer value The available value indices are defined and documented in SOURCE LpaRpt LpaRpt h typedef const char _ cdecl LparGetStr t DWORD Type type of statistics value general etc DWORD ItemIdx item index if not general type DWORD ValueIdx value index The LparGetStr function is used to get a certain string from the LPA statistics of the current log The parameter Type specifies which type of string is requested LPAR GEN specifies general statistics string such as LPA version string or log file name LPAR DOM LPAR SUB LPAR NOD LPAR GRP specify strings that are associated with a certain domain subnet node or group In this case the parameter It emIdx specifies the index of the domain subnet node or group Otherwise Type LPAR GEN ItemIdx must be set to 0 ValueIdx specifies the index of the requested string The available string indices are defined and documented in SOURCE LpaRpt LpaRpt h typedef void __cdecl LparAddLine_t LONG Mode line add mode must be set to LPAR_MNORM void Line line to add must point to character array LONG InsNo line number to insert LPAR_END to append The LparAddLine function is used to add a line to the report The parameter Mode must be set to LPAR MNORM The parameter Line mus
21. see following section De of Display Options menu View Display Options Allows you to setup display options which affect the appearance of information in the current log window see Section 5 4 H Statistics menu Packet Statistics Shows packet statistics for the current log Includes node statistics reports and trends Note that the packet trigger capture filter and display filter can be enabled and disabled by clicking the right mouse button on the corresponding tool bar button or by editing the corresponding filter form left mouse button 4 3 Log Windows These are the windows that display packet data in various forms They consist of up to three areas as shown in Figure 27 Packet Table This is the scrolling list of packets displayed in the top area of the log window It is always visible and shows the most essential information about each packet where every row of the table represents a packet The information that can be viewed includes Number line number of packet Time time stamp when packet was logged Length packet length in bytes Flags packet flags Priority Alternate Path Authenticated Idempotent TX transaction number if included in the frame Domain domain in which packet was sent Source source address of packet Destination destination address of packet Service service being used to transport the packet message data Data mess
22. some point The same goes for the number of CRC errors described beneath CRC Err The actual number of all packets with a CRC error that have been received are shown here Lost The number of lost packets is displayed here see Section 5 5 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 32 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA 4 5 Find and Go To Packet In addition to scrolling through the packet table you can also search for a specific packet within a log window by selecting menu Packet Find or clicking on the button Bl Find Packet Search for Node A Search Direction Search in OUp Down Al Columns vi Help OK Cancel Figure 31 Find Packet The dialog box for finding a packet is shown in Figure 31 It consists of the following panels Search for Here you can enter a sub string of what you are searching for in the packet table of the active log window Searching is not case sensitive Search Direction The searching process always starts from the active selected line in the packet table Here you can choose the search direction up or down Search in Here you can select in which column of the packet table you want to search Additionally you can choose to search in all columns When you click on OK the first found packet will become the active line You can search for the next line by hitting F3 or selecting menu Packet Find Next It is also possible to jump to a specific line number of the packet table by sel
23. switch off conversion of domains subnets groups nodes network variables and management amp diagnostic messages Otherwise conversions from plain numbers in the packet frame to symbolic names are done automatically using the packet converter Data Format Here you can select the format decimal or hexadecimal of message data shown in the packet table This also affects the appearance of data presented in the protocol and packet details of the log window Address Format Here you can select the format of unconverted address information subnet ID group ID node number in the columns Source and Destination It also affects the appearance of addresses shown in the packet details However in the protocol detail area of the log window addresses are shown in both hexadecimal and decimal Note that domain IDs and NIDs are always shown in hexadecimal form Display up to Data Bytes Here you can enter the number of message data bytes up to 245 that you wish to see in the column Data of the packet table If packets contain more data bytes they will be truncated However in the protocol details of the log window you will be able to see all message data regardless of the settings done here 5 5 Packet Statistics The packet statistics provides statistical data of the current log window when you select menu Packet Statistics or click on the button H The corresponding window is shown in Figure 42 left picture Stat
24. 55 Figure 46 Statistics Tide 56 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 72 LPA Manual List of Figures Eis re 47 Packet Simul ate on ed ette eti t deed e E dte o dere 57 Figure 48 Packet Creati n 2 npe dere a epo den d boi ned a dt a E ED ted aco e ped 58 Fisure 49 LPA Settmgsi aia oe m tele A ea o P a eC e ui se Col aaah ES 60 Fig re 50 EPA Pl g In NEE 67 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 73 LPA Manual Index A acknowledged 5 o eem 52 active lolas 26 Address and APDU table 44 address editor A i 44 address Tomat 48 adjust columns sss ss esse ee eee eee ee eee 34 53 advanced features 38 alternate patbi 4 estie 52 APD Ut tiens aent 31 44 59 APDUL etntties een Ra eerte 46 application messages 31 ASCI uranet da 31 Arte ON KREE 31 AuthPDU header 58 B bad packets TT 49 50 58 bandwidth utilization essen 49 broadcast eiat eni 30 C capture filter sse 28 42 channel member 12 clearlog sob Ee 28 CNID ses ce donee O eras 6 collisi ns ass 50 command line parameter sees sese ee ee eee 18 context sensitive eee ee eee 37 Converter file ose esed eret 39 converter OD On 48 converter settings isikie eiti 61 corrupted packets sess 50 CRE iia 57 CRC eITOE ug tie Matin ae east 32 CSV files as ran 36 54 57 62 D data format 48 data mask e aa e erre e RUE 47 default drectortes sese 61 default files aeee aTe 61 demonstration file
25. 9 lt unknown gt Alexander s Desk NIC_IP_2 192 168 12 5 no response unknown unknown no r 1628 NIC IP lt no_response gt lt unknown gt lt unknown gt lt no_response gt 1628 z NICIP3 19216817126 1628 NICIP BMUZ 84 EIA709 Backbone BMUZ 84 x 0 0 0 0 C Show All Devices Assign Add Clear Auto Assign Clear All Wink Configure Upgrade Firmware Device Discovery 17 Devices Found Finished Remote Device Discovery Process Ad annel Figure 12 NIC IP Assignment and Configuration Assign Add Device Device to Assign Add IP or NAT Address Port Enable MDS Authentication 292 168 24 250 1628 Device Type Device Name Interface NIC 1P Joerg Test EIA709 Configuration Server Location lt unknown gt Figure 13 Assign Add NIC IP You can change the IP address and port manually in the fields IP or NAT Address and Port When the NIC IP is located behind a NAT router you must enter the public IP address LOYTEC electronics GmbH 15 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup of the NAT router If MDS is enabled in the NIC IP you must check Enable MDS Authentication and enter the correct MD5 Authentication Key If you have forgotten the MD5 key for your NIC IP the only way to get access again is by resetting the NIC IP to factory defaults see NIC User Manual MDS authentication is indicated by a small key symbol in Assignment column of the device list
26. Figure 50 LPA Plug In 6 4 LPA Report DLLs To create custom LPA report types see Section 5 7 the LPA report DLL interface can be utilized The function LparGenerateReport must be implemented in the custom DLL DWORD LparGenerateReport LparGetUint t LparGetUint function to get an unsigned integer valu LparGetStr t LparGetStr function to get a character array LparAddLine t LparAddLine function to add a new line to report LOYTEC electronics GmbH 67 LPA Manual 6 External Applications This function is called by the LPA whenever a report is requested by the user The three parameters are callback function pointers the custom DLL must use to implement the report generation The prototypes of these functions are defined in SOURCE LpaRpt LpaRpt h typedef DWORD __cdecl LparGetUint_t DWORD Type type of statistics value general etc DWORD Itemldx item index if not general type DWORD Valueldx value index The LparGetUint function is used to get a certain integer value from the LPA statistics of the current log The parameter Type specifies which type of value is requested LPAR GEN specifies general statistics values such as total packet count or number of bad packets LPAR DOM LPAR SUB LPAR NOD LPAR GRP specify values that are associated with a certain domain subnet node or group In this case the parameter ItemIdx specifies the index of the domain subnet
27. Interfaces MNI Devices eene 16 24 Command Line Fleet 1 eene Eeer A 18 2 5 Multiple Oni euro E 18 2 6 Using several LPAs Simultaneous sss sese eee 18 2 cac elei iM 19 RK x A ME E 21 STTS the B SEE EN EN ARA 26 4 1 EPA MAS c a a e E Eaa oea 26 4 2 Tool Barinas 27 4 3 Log M OIBOdONS qs e da 29 4 4 Status ET 32 4 5 Fmd and GO To PACK areca decease ele iy a us 33 4 6 Functions of the Popup Menu View Menu 34 4 7 Logging Packets from the Network sese eee eee 35 4 8 Packer Los lesa 35 4 9 Exporting Packet eT 36 4 10 Printine a Packet LoS e epp E ore diia BUS eR ELE Doe tese 36 TJ Online Help System ipe Qood ere 37 Advanced Features OF the E ainia diiniita 38 5 1 Log Mode Settings ere det ENEE iia 38 5 2 Packet Ben odo RETE 39 5 3 Packet Filters and the Packet TOTO ae 42 5 4 Display Ree 47 5 5 Packet Statistic Socair a iR p c bro esc hito epi v dia intret 48 5 6 Noe SSS 51 5 7 EPA Reports EE ET 54 5 8 SSS Ted RS 56 3 9 Packet Simulation 2e tdt RENI SES EA Eee Ra EEN 57 3 10 Packet Recording Files iiie S Pee er i REN URS EEN Eed 59 SJ PASS 60 6 External A ppl Cations cui e a 63 6 1 Accessing Data from Packet Recording Files esee 63 6 2 EPA See and CE 63 6 3 EPA uecht iia 65 64 EPA REPO DL ET 67 T Revision History oues Sek ebe EE EE 70 ADDR VIAL ONS ii ii 71 Listof F re mem c ET 72 1 Introduction 1 Introduction The LOYTEC Prot
28. LOYTEC electronics GmbH LPA LPA IP LOYTEC Protocol Analyzer User Manual LOYTEC electronics GmbH Vienna This page is intentionally left blank Contact LOYTEC electronics GmbH Stolzenthalergasse 24 3 A 1080 Vienna AUSTRIA EUROPE supportQ loytec com http www loytec com Version 3 0 Document No 88061211 LOYTEC MAKES AND YOU RECEIVE NO WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS EXPRESS IMPLIED STATUTORY OR IN ANY COMMUNICATION WITH YOU AND LOYTEC SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of LOYTEC Contents 1 2 TOTS e T A O PRAE DESEE OMEN CUN Rd oie EH SEHR ERR NOU RI UAE ONE 6 Installation nd Setup eoo c enne 6 2 1 Software and Hardware Installation nennen 6 2 2 Network Interface Configuration and Product Registration sss sese ss sese ee eee eee 6 2 3 Network Interface and Transceiver Selection eese 7 2 3 1 NIC709 PP NIC709 USB and NIC709 PCI Devices eee 8 2 3 2 NIC852 Devices LPA IP rrrrrerroonnnnnnrnrnvrrsernensnnrnrnensersennennnnrnrnenssennensnnnnnsensene 9 2 3 3 L IP Devices Remote LPA nennen a nennen 11 2 3 4 NIC IP S TN 14 2 3 5 Multiplexed Network
29. NID Unique Node ID NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit NV Network Variable PDU Protocol Data Unit SNVT Standard Network Variable Type SPDU Session Protocol Data Unit TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit WAN Wide Area Network LOYTEC electronics GmbH 71 LPA Manual List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Network Intertace Select10n Ge 7 EH el ON E 8 NIC709 Transceiver Selection iii ra 8 EPA TP runnm on NIC852 ess 3 tbs ERR RO dedi 9 EIA852 P cket Logens usandolo Fr e e i iOS 10 NIC852 Transceiver Selection coincidir atrio derretida ede eder 11 Remote LPA running on LIP 11 LIP Assignment 5 m seen ee ee 12 Assien Add L IP hh tr eh ALES AER A OR A ALAA tele 13 Add GE ELE 13 Transceiver Display for LIESEN ENEE neoaeae EEOC enden ner d egent ce sad Ei R is erii 14 NIC IP Assignment and Configuration ee eee eee eee eee 15 ASsign Add NIC IP E 15 Multiplexed Network Intertfaces AA 16 Expert Mode for Network Interface Selection sese ee esse 17 LPA Server Systray ICOn anie RE tee OR HG RE RR ERES Le e EC S rre oi E D irte 19 Systray Icon inp is ri 19 Active Log WI Wii ces ee eon e trt EC HERR GERE ans 21 Fig re 19 Incoming Packets ipee eet d HER ene Dee Ue de Eo E ec eer ep t p pte 21 Figure 20 Packet R T E
30. Protocol Version 0 O1 02 03 DomainlD Hex 0112233 SouceS N jo Vh APDU 1 APDU type Network Variable Update B Address Format 2a Subnet Node eT m1 NV Selector Dt Data Hex FF Enclosed PDU Transport PDU Figure 48 Packet Creation Here you can enter all parameters required to create a packet That starts with layer 2 first byte of packet and ends on layer 6 amp 7 of the network protocol This way you can also learn more about the various formats of network packets Note that only good packets without protocol errors can be created here if you want to simulate bad packets which contain protocol errors you have to edit them manually in the packet simulator The Create Packet window consists of the following panels PPDU Header This represents layer 2 of the network protocol Here you can set the priority and alternate path flag as well as the channel backlog increment Delta_BL NPDU Header The Network PDU Protocol Data Unit represents layer 3 of the network protocol You can setup the protocol version address information and the enclosed PDU format here The domain ID as well as source subnet and node number have to be entered For the destination address you have to choose one of the possible address formats first Depending on that format you will have to enter destination subnet node number group or NID When you want to use address format 2b you will additionally hav
31. RBRINGEN EB 22 Figure 21 Converted e A 91 22 omoia OR Ion Incip aee ie du p 22 Figure 22 Packet Statistics Window E 24 Figure 23 End of Demonstration Log hien tt hte d ete ded eet i ees 24 Figure 24 Log Window of Packet Log Plein 25 Figure 25 Main Window of the LPA snnnrrerororerarnnnnrerennvrvrarnnerasnesererasnnsnrevennvevravensrasnesnssvenersvsannssnennrevsavessrasnssnee 26 Figure 26 Button and Corresponding Menu Irem sese ee sees eee eee 27 Eigure 27 Los WNdOW mece a E e AE 30 Figure 28 Network Management and Diagnostic Messages 31 Figure 29 SNVT MesSSages a boe EPOR E ER Gel 31 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Figure 36 KIT 32 Find Pak re e leri ERE ERR Pen HERD Stek 33 Go To Packet cioe oe en eO A isset mE 33 Popup Men View Meri nines ane e URP needed ete dr Eg E Dese etae 34 usi c EE 37 Log Modes vtec nite a aee nu ee 38 Packet Converter iet reet EROR ERE ae banning 40 Figure 37 Node Editors sono ege don Pene bep ee teret den 41 Fig re 38 Packet Filters a eee bin be uet en ted E bred ert brat 43 Figure 39 TE EN KL AR KC EE 44 Figure 40 Addiess Editor ie A a HO RID TR e REDDITUR det da 45 Figure 41 Display Options in hit rg a i ce n e dp nei re ee Fe f CH tee ee 47 Figure 42 Packet Statistics for Current Log Window and Active Log 49 Figure 43 Node StatistiCs npo D Ee ae 51 Figure 44 Popup Menu of Node Statistics sss esser eee 54 Figure 49 LPA Een EE
32. acket to be displayed in packet table The LpaPlgChangePacket function is called by the LPA right before a packet shall be displayed in the packet table The packet information is passed in the parameter LpaPacket It has the same format as the structure used for LPA Clients see Section 6 2 The textual LOYTEC electronics GmbH 65 LPA Manual 6 External Applications information contained in this structure is about to be displayed in the packet table In the function LpaPlgChangePacket it has to be decided if this information shall be changed before output on screen The values ColDomain ColSource ColDestination and ColData and hence the columns Domain Source Destination and Data can be changed by overwriting the corresponding members of the structure LpaPacket If the values have been overwritten the LpaP1gChangePacket function must return TRUE If the packet has not been changed the function must return FALSE The parameter LpaDisplayOptions contains the current settings of the LPA display options dialog see 5 4 This can be used e g to format integer values according to the current user settings decimal or hexadecimal BOOL LpaPlgChangePacketDetails change display of LPA packet details LpaDisplayOptions_t LpaDisplayOptions current LPA display options LpaPacket_t LpaPacket packet to be displayed in detail LpaPacketDetails_t LpaPacketDetails buffer that receives packet details
33. ackets or silent nodes The nodes are sorted according to the sort mode of the node statistics 6 Potential Group Problems Lists all potential group problems The groups are sorted according to the sort mode of the node statistics Appendix Provides a detailed description of all detected problems including hints for solving the problems 5 8 Statistics Trends In the Trend tab of the statistics window the trend of the bandwidth utilization as well as the missed preamble and corrupted packet counter is displayed as depicted in Figure 46 amp Statistics of Big_V30 plg General Service Message Errors Filter Node Report Trend Bandwidth Utilization Zoom and Pan _ 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 Export Trends 0 t 02 01 00 02 02 00 02 03 00 02 04 00 02 05 00 Corrupted Packets s Missed Preambles s 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 10 12 2005 02 01 00 02 02 00 02 03 00 02 04 00 02 05 00 Figure 46 Statistics Trends Observe that the trend is only available for packet logs generated with LPA Version 3 0 or higher You can zoom into the trend by left clicking into one of the two charts Zooming out is performed by holding the CTRL key while left clicking You can also pan around in the trend by right clicking into a chart and dragging it to the left or right The panel on the right side of the trend window provides the following functions
34. age data transported in the packet LOYTEC electronics GmbH 29 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA Packet Table amp Active Log Running Tatt Domain Source 01207 ACKD UPDT 0005 01 08 00 5 3 d UPDT 0006 kA c eism 112233 Un amp CKD APT UPDT OOO06 11 22 5 15 19 45 873000 112233 03 01 Un amp CKD RPT UPDT OOO6 11 22 5 15 20 58 092000 16 00 00 Ka Un amp CKD NETMGMT Service Pin 01 00 17 81 70 II PREAMBLE LENGTH 16 Flags E PPDU HEADER LINK MAC PROTOCOL DATA UNIT iori NPDU HEADER NETWORK PROTOCOL DATA UNIT d C Priority Time 2006 01 10 15 19 43 654000 e qw dm dw E Altemate Path a c Length 15 DataLength 2 MU 00 TransportPDU included TX Number 5 cRC 8c2D H Authenticated BU 01 Address Format 1 Group General Packet Information Packet Number 3 Service Repeated UnACKD is 9 AO Donednlen thitzBytes O Source Subnet Node 03 01 003 001 30 Destination Group OL 001 Address and Message Information Domai me Domain 11 22 33 one L zi RB TPDU HEADER TRANSPORT PROTOCOL DATA UNIT Source S N 03 01 a Non Authenticated Packet al Se 001 TPDU Type 1 Unacknowledged Repeated Service Destination Group 01 YP y p 0101 Transaction Number 05 005 Message Network Variable Update APDU APPLICATION PROTOCOL DATA UNIT B Network Variable Update Selector 0006 00006 e B Data0000 11 22 Update 0006
35. ame of a domain subnet group node or network variable which is already in use somewhere else you will be asked if these corresponding entries should be changed too Otherwise the changes are done without prompting If you disable Backup Converter Settings the processing of large converter files will be significantly faster but you will not be able to cancel any manual changes in the converter dialog This option was introduced to make possible the use of very large converter files e g derived from an LNS database using the LPAConv utility Measure In the Measurement System panel you can choose between SI system and US Imperial System for the display of SNVTs In US system additional display options are available which can be setup in the remaining fields Observe that these options only apply to SNVTs where multiple formats are available Misc In the Time Stamp Settings field you can choose to synchronize the hardware packet time stamps from the network interface to your PC s local system time This is useful when running other applications in parallel that also display the PC system time and matching time stamps are required Observe that using this option will decrease the relative accuracy of the time stamping to about 10us instead of lus In the Packet Recording Files field you can setup the size of the files which shall be created when a packet recording file is split into smaller parts The size must be ent
36. amp 709 am exander ei 192 16 s i 192 16 w l 192 168 1140 628 no res 22 40 320 r nse no re se w Show All Devices Assign Add Clear Auto Assign C Wink Device Discovery 15 Devices Found Finished Remote Device Discovery Process Add Channel Restart Search Figure 8 L IP Assignment To assign an L IP device please select the corresponding line of the device table and click on Assign Add or just double click on the device to assign To add a device not present in the device table also click on Assign Add The dialog box shown in Figure 9 will appear LOYTEC electronics GmbH 12 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup Assign Add Device Device to Assign Add IP or NAT Address Port Enable MD5 Authentication 192 168 1 246 1628 Device Name Interface Device Type Get Info 1 19 local EIA709 Configuration Server Location 192 168 1 246 Norbert s Desk Cancel Figure 9 Assign Add L IP You can change the IP address and port manually in the fields IP or NAT Address and Port When the L IP is located behind a NAT router you must enter the IP address of the NAT router If MDS is enabled in the L IP you must check Enable MDS Authentication and enter the correct MD5 Authentication Key MD5 authentication is indicated by a small key symbol in the Assignment column of the device list as shown in Figure 8 Before assigning the device you can click on Get
37. area at the bottom of the log window displays more detailed packet information about the currently selected packet of the packet table It shows general packet information address and message information as well as the message data itself being transported in that packet LOYTEC electronics GmbH 30 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA The packet message is shown in a listbox at the bottom of the packet detail area and displays the message in both numeric and textual ASCII form Network management and diagnostic messages are interpreted according to the network protocol Since message codes for application messages network management messages and network diagnostic messages are overlapping you have to choose the form of translation manually Whenever this is the case three buttons will appear at the bottom of the packet detail area where you can select how the current packet shall be interpreted Application Management or Diagnostic as shown in Figure 28 Message Application Message or Response 33 NM nv fetch response nv index Ox0B 3 data 00 00 H v O Application Management Diagnostic Figure 28 Network Management and Diagnostic Messages Update messages of SNVTs Standard Network Variables Types are also interpreted and displayed correctly see Figure 29 Like mentioned above this is only possible when the network variable can be converted into a symbolic name due to the settings in the packet converter see Sect
38. ath packets are sent out if the destination node does not answer to requests or acknowledged packets The number of alternate path packets shown in all four tables is therefore an indicator for problems of a destination node s Silent nodes should also be investigated to check why the nodes are addressed but never send a packet on the observed network segment The number of acknowledged packets in groups last column is displayed because the acknowledged service can lead to problems in large groups More detailed information about detected problems can be found in the LPA report see Section 5 7 The panel on the right side of the node statistics window offers the following options and functions Adjust Columns This adjusts the width of all columns to fit the contained table cells Default Address Sort Sorts all tables hierarchically by address e g domain subnet node in case of node table Total Packet Counts Sets the display mode for the Packets columns of all four tables Absolute shows the absolute packet count of Traffic shows the percentage of packets based on total traffic Average Rate shows the average packet rate and Current Rate shows the current packet rate only available on line Alt Path Packets Sets the display mode for the Alt Path columns of all four tables Absolute shows the absolute count of alternate path packets of Total shows the percentage of alternat
39. atistics window you can choose if you want to see the statistics of all packets or only the ones that have passed the packet filter For the active log this means the capture filter for all other log windows the display filter That is why you can select All Packets or Captured Packets in the first case and Captured Packets or Displayed Packets in the second Some other differences between statistics of a previously stored packet log file and statistics of the active log are described further beneath Note that you can also keep track of the number of packets logged in the status bar The packet statistics consists of several sections General In the General Packet Statistics panel you can see the number of total packets and bad packets average packet size and how many of the good packets are priority alternate path or authenticated packets At the bottom of the General section you can see either Log Statistics if statistics of active log or both Log Statistics and Marked and Hidden Packets otherwise In the first case log buffer and bandwidth utilization as well as the average and maximum packet rate are displayed in the second case the number of marked and hidden packets see Section 4 6 The bandwidth utilization is calculated from the length of the packets including preamble start bit amp code violation as well as the average arbitration time of packets D1 time B2 time slots A bandwi
40. ays 10 hours 54 min 44 593534 sec 2711608 from 506 Nodes Number of Lost Packets Log was paused Capture Filter was used Z General Statistics Total Packet Count 2711608 100 000 of Traffic Good Packets 2711608 100 000 of Traffic Dad nantan 2 fm nnn amp 4 Tent ios LOYTEC English Report v Copy to Clipboard Save s Print Figure 45 LPA Report At the bottom of the window a report type can be selected before generating the report by clicking on Generate Custom report types can be programmed as described in Section 6 4 The report can be copied to the clipboard and pasted to a different application It can also be saved Save As and printed Print The report files generated with LOYTEC report types consist of the following sections 1 Basic Log Information Contains some basic information about the observed log and provides a brief problem summary 2 General Statistics Shows general packet statistics corresponding to the different protocol layers 3 Error Statistics Contains the most important bad packet counters and error counters including a brief description 4 Domain Statistics Provides basic statistics of all detected domains The domains are sorted according to the sort mode of the node statistics LOYTEC electronics GmbH 55 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA 5 Potential Node Problems Lists all potential node problems such as alternate path p
41. be stored in memory or be discarded This is done prior to display filtering see Section 5 3 9 Restart the logging process by clicking on 2 10 Show the packet statistics by clicking on H The window shown in Figure 22 will appear It displays various packet statistics information see Section 5 5 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 23 LPA Manual 3 Tutorial amp Statistics of Active Log All Packets Captured Packets Node Report Trend General Packet Statistics Total Packets 19 Average Packet Size 11 21 Bad Packets D 0 Priority Packets Altemate Path 0 Authenticated 0 Log Statistics Log Buffer Bytes 631 Bandwidth Utilization Packets s Average 0 03 Current 0 5 Maximum 0 75 Last Update at 14 21 30 Elapsed Time 00 00 38 Figure 22 Packet Statistics Window 11 Wait till all packets are logged from the demonstration file tutorial prc When all packets are logged the dialog box shown in Figure 23 will appear where you click on OK You can also stop the logging process manually by clicking on el Information 1 End of Packet Recording File reached Figure 23 End of Demonstration Log 12 Store the packet log by clicking on ES A save dialog box is invoked where you save the log under the name test plg After that you can close the packet log by selecting menu File Close You will be prompted to Save Changes to Display Filter where you click on No 13
42. ble is broadcast domain wide e domain index subnet network variable is broadcast to the specified subnet e domain index subnet node no network variable is sent to the specified node e domain index group network variable is sent to the specified group The domain index specifies one of the two domain entries in the current node Possible values are 0 or 1 A value of O0 lamps e g would mean the group lamps in the domain table entry 0 of the current node Observe that apart from decimal or hexadecimal numbers also symbolic names from the packet converter can be used for subnets and groups If you don t want to specify a destination address for a network variable just leave the Destination field blank 5 3 Packet Filters and the Packet Trigger A packet filter decides whether to let a packet pass or reject it It is used to reduce the amount of packets being analyzed There are two types of packet filters the capture filter and the display filter During the logging process the capture filter decides whether to store a received packet or discard it The display filter decides which of the captured packets are actually displayed in the log window Note that you can automatically create a display filter for certain domains subnets nodes and groups using the node statistics see Section 5 6 or the popup menu of the log table Section 4 6 The capture filter is only present when an active log is present wher
43. by double clicking on a packet mark unmark or holding down the SHIFT key while double clicking on a packet mark unmark range Marked packets can then be hidden if not interesting at a point Marks can be canceled by choosing Unmark All Packets and hidden packets can be shown again with Show All Packets You can always keep track of the number of marked and hidden packets by showing the packet statistics see Section 5 5 for the current log Note that marked packets are colored green in the packet table Display Options Here you can invoke the Display Options dialog see Section 5 4 All functions of the popup menu can also be activated through the shortcut keys shown within the popup menu 4 7 Logging Packets from the Network To log packets from the connected network you have to create a new active log window first button DB After starting the logging process by selecting menu Packet Start Log Network or clicking on the button ON incoming packets from the network are stored in the packet buffer If you have enabled on line mode which is the default setting see Section 5 1 you will be able to watch incoming captured packets in the log window If on line mode is disabled you can only look at previously logged packets when the log is paused while the log is running the log window will be blank You can keep track of the number of total and captured packets in the packet statistics see Section 5 5 or by watching the sta
44. can pass the filter whereas packets that match a negative address entry are rejected A packet has to match at least one positive address entry and is not allowed to match any of the negative entries in order to pass the filter That is why there must always be at least one positive address entry because no packet could pass otherwise Lines of the table can be deleted or inserted by pressing DEL or INS You can edit an entry by clicking on Edit Entry or double clicking on the corresponding line of the table You can also duplicate an existing entry by using the button Copy Entry In both cases the address editor of the packet filter is invoked as shown in Figure 40 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 44 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Address Editor of Capture Filter Pass Packets O Reject Packets Domain P Source Address Control Unit Destination Address Motor Enable APDU Entries Motor Speed gt Motor Speed C Pass Messages without APDU Figure 40 Address Editor First you have to decide whether it shall be a positive or negative entry Pass Packets or Reject Packets In the Domain field you can enter a symbolic domain name from the packet converter a hexadecimal domain ID or an asterisk which means all domains The Source Address field specifies the allowed sender s of the packet It can be entered in one of the following formats e SOUrce address i
45. cation The example LpaCliT in the folder SOURCE LpaCliT shows how to use the DLL It is a simple application that receives all packets from the LPA Server and displays them in the console window The file LpaCliT c contains the source code of the example In the file LpaCli h which is included in LpaCliT c the two functions of the DLL LpaCli dll are declared LOYTEC electronics GmbH 63 LPA Manual 6 External Applications DWORD LpaCliWaitForPacket wait for packet from LPA server DWORD TimeOut timeout in ms or INFINITE to wait infinitely The LpaCliWaitForPacket function suspends the calling program LPA Client until a new packet is received from the LPA Server or the timeout value TimeOut is exceeded To wait infinitely TimeOut has to be set to INFINITE The function returns LPACLI OK ifa new packet has arrived and LPACLI TIMEOUT when the TimeOut has occurred If a fatal error has occured the function returns LPACLI COULD NOT START DWORD LpaCliReadPacket get next packet from LPA server LpaPacket_t LpaPacket buffer that receives packet from LPA server i The LpaCliReadPacket function reads the next packet from the LPA Server ring buffer The parameter LpaPacket must point to a structure of the type LpaPacket_t which is defined in LpaPFmt h If a packet can be read this structure receives the packet data and the LpaCliReadPacket f
46. ckage first by clicking the corresponding menu icon After installation please read the NIC User Manual by clicking on the corresponding entry in your Windows Start menu in LOYTEC Network Interfaces It describes in detail how to install and setup your NIC709 or NIC852 network interface hardware The next step is to install the LPA Software Again click on the corresponding menu icon in the LOYTEC CD menu and follow the instructions For information on Personal Firewall configuration please refer to the NIC User Manual 2 2 Network Interface Configuration and Product Registration To configure your LOYTEC network interface start the LOYTEC configuration tool LConfig from your Windows Start menu in LOYTEC Network Interfaces Again refer to the NIC User Manual as well as the LConfig on line help for more information on network interface configuration LOYTEC electronics GmbH 6 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup To register your LPA software please start the LConfig tool click on Register and type in the Registration Code that comes with your LPA software package Click on Add and then on OK If you want to register several LOYTEC products at a time just enter all registration codes as described You can also export your set of registration codes to a file and import it in all subsequent installations Please observe that you must have administrator rights in Windows 2000 XP to enter registration codes within the LConf
47. cording to converter Column Nodes number of nodes in the subnet Column Senders number of nodes that primarily initiate transactions Column Receivers number of nodes that primarily respond to initiated transactions Column Silent number of detected nodes that have never transmitted a packet Column Packets number of packets sent from this subnet Column Al Path number of alternate path packets sent from this subnet Table Nodes Column Domain domain the node resides in Column Subnet subnet the node resides in Column Node node number and name according to converter Column Groups number of groups the node was detected to be a member of Column Packets number of packets sent from node Column Alt Path number of alternate path packets sent from node Column Type Sender Receiver Generic no specific transmission scheme or Silent Table Groups Column Domain domain the group resides in Column Group group number and name according to converter Column Nodes number of nodes that have been detected to be a member of this group Column Packets number of packets sent in this group Column Al Path number of alternate path packets sent in this group Column Ackd number of packets sent with acknowledged service LOYTEC electronics GmbH 52 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Alternate p
48. ctive Start Log from Network menu Packet Start Log Network Starts the packet capturing process for the active log Packets are logged from the connected network until the log is paused or stopped Note that a log can only be started if an active log window is present Pause Update menu Packet Pause Update Disables display updates of the active log window the packet statistics see Section 5 5 and the status bar during the logging process Clear Log menu Packet Clear Log Deletes all packets from the active log This is only possible when the log is paused see next button Pause Log menu Packet Pause Log Pauses the packet capturing process until the button is clicked again While the active log is paused converter and filter parameters as well as display options can be changed see Chapter 5 Stop Log menu Packet Stop Log Stops the packet capturing process The active log gets inactive and can then be stored to a packet log file To start the logging process again a new log window has to be created LOYTEC electronics GmbH 28 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA Find menu Packet Find Allows you to search for a specific packet in the current log window To continue searching after a matching packet has been found you have to press F3 or select menu Packet Find Next Go To menu Packet Go To Allows you to jump to a specific packet by entering the line number of the packet within the packet table
49. de packets are logged as fast as possible from the packet recording file and time stamps remain the same If you start the log in trace mode packets are simulated as if they were coming from the network one packet every other second The time stamp of each packet is reset to the actual time when that packet arrives in the packet buffer This way packet recording files can be used not only for long time event recording but also to demonstrate functions of the LPA and the network protocol also see Chapter 3 Note that in trace mode you can use all features of the LPA software just as if packets would come from the network To provide flexibility between packet log files and packet recording files a standard packet log file can be used to log packets from too It is also possible to log packets from a packet LOYTEC electronics GmbH 59 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA recording file to another one This is useful when the file size shall be reduced by filtering out unwanted packets with the capture filter To sum it up it can be said that the packet source of a log network simulation or file is independent of the log mode settings where it is decided how to store packets packet buffer packet recording file Note that all packets that have been logged to the packet buffer can be stored to a packet log file after the logging process has been stopped To split huge packet recording files into smaller parts that can be logged entirely
50. described in the following Sections LOYTEC electronics GmbH 50 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA You can pause updates of packet statistics while the active log is running by selecting menu Packet Pause Update or menu Packet Pause Log However you can always force an update by clicking on one of the section headers General Service etc 5 6 Node Statistics The node statistics provide domain subnet node and group specific statistics when you select the Node tab in the statistics window The corresponding window is shown in Figure 43 amp Statistics of Big V30 plg sche Captured Packets Displayed Packets General Service Message Errors Filter Node Report Trend Number Subnets Groups Nodes Senders Receivers Silent Packets Alt Path Domains Adjust Columns ki Building 61 77 253 139 119 5 2305653 8399 2 Building B 27 4 253 3 232 1 405355 3232 Default Address Sort Total Packet Counts Number Domain Nodes Senders Receivers Silent Packets Al Path Subnets Absolute Building amp 02 Subnet 1 2 1 1 0 a 285744 6871 Alt Path Packets Building A 03 Subnet 1 3 302450 16 Building amp 05 Subnet 1 5 6053 0 Building A 06 Subnet 16 477274 8 Building A TU Subnet 1 7 AltPath Type Show S N G No Building amp 02 Subnet 1 2 44 Visualization 285744 6871 Sender Building 03 Subnet 1 3 DA Zone Controller Beta
51. dited by selecting menu Profile Display Filter or clicking on the button DEI A small green point in the corner of these buttons indicates that the corresponding filter is enabled Figure 38 shows the dialog box for editing a packet filter Capture Filter of Active Log only network variables pft Layer2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer5 Layer 6 and 7 Address and APDU Table Enable SPDU Filter Enable AuthPDU Filter Authenticated Packets Non Authenticated Packets S amp S Requests Packets with AuthPDU Error Idempotent Responses Non Idempotent Responses Plain Reminders EJ EI RI FSI Reminder Messages v Packets with SPDU Error AuthPDU Packets disabled in NPDU Filter Enable Capture Filter Figure 38 Packet Filter A packet filter is divided into several sections corresponding to the layers 2 7 of the network protocol Every section of the filter has a checkbox on top of the page where you can enable filtering on that layer If a filter section is disabled no filtering is done on the corresponding protocol layer It is also possible that parts of the filter are automatically disabled due to settings in lower layers If that happens a message is shown at the bottom of the disabled page Figure 38 shows the filter section of layer 5 as an example In this case the user has enabled the SPDU filter and has chosen to discard non idempotent responses and plain reminders For better perfor
52. dth utilization of 100 would mean that packets are sent continuously without any idle time on the network Service Here you can see how many of the good packets are TPDU SPDU AuthPDU or unacknowledged packets APDU only For every of the mentioned PDU formats further classification relating to the service PDU type of the packets is done LOYTEC electronics GmbH 49 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Message In this section good packets are classified according to their message type APDU type Errors In the Bad Packets panel you can see the number of bad packets packets with protocol errors on each layer of the network protocol including short packets and long packets The reason for a short packet is either noise on the network or a collision during the transmission of the address field The CRC error counter is incremented whenever a packet with an incorrect CRC is received Reasons for CRC errors can again be noise or collisions e g in the data field of the packet All other counters in the Bad Packets panel indicate invalid data in the packet sections belonging to layer 3 7 of the network protocol In the Error Counters panel you can see the total number of detected errors including errors not associated with received packets A Missed Preamble indicates a protocol error at the beginning of a packet The Interrupted Packets counter is incremented each time a packet is interrupted before th
53. e address entry too you must enable the checkbox at the bottom of the form 5 4 Display Options Every log window has display options assigned to it where the user can set how certain columns of the packet table shall look like Display options of the current log window can be setup by selecting menu View Display Options clicking on the button s or using the popup menu see Section 4 6 Figure 41 shows the corresponding dialog box Display Options of Active Log Time Stamp Format Time Stamp Mode O NYYY MM DD HH MM SS mmmuuu Absolute HH MM SS mmmuuu O Start with 0 O SS mmrmuuu O Differential Converter Options Convert Domains Convert Nodes Convert Subnets Convert Net Var Convert Groups Convert Man Diag Data Format Address Format Decimal 000 Decimal 000 Hexadecimal XX Hexadecimal XX Display up to 245 Data Bytes Figure 41 Display Options Time Stamp Format Here you can choose how detailed the time stamp of each packet shall appear LOYTEC electronics GmbH 47 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Time Stamp Mode Here you can choose between three modes of time stamp display Absolute means that the actual packet arrival time is displayed Start with 0 means that the time between the first and the current packet is shown If you choose Differential the time between the current packet and the previous packet is displayed Converter Options Here you can
54. e complete address information is successfully transmitted This includes Short Packets which are recorded in the LPA as well as packets that are too short to be stored as packets in the log smaller than 2 bytes The Corrupted Packets counter is increased each time a corrupted packet or part of a packet is detected on the segment This includes recorded packets with a CRC error as well as CRC errors in packets that are too small to be stored in the log Possible reasons for the errors described above are collisions too many nodes try to send at the same time poor cabling too much noise on the channel or interference from external devices Lost packets should not occur normally since today s PCs are fast enough to deal with the packet rates on ANSI EIA709 networks However if you get lost packets you can try to go through the following steps to get better performance close other applications clear the packet converter disable the packet filters capture filter display filter change the log mode settings disable on line mode disable the LPA Server and the LPA Plug In in the LPA settings Filter Here you can see how many packets have been filtered on each protocol layer These values correspond to the capture filter if the statistics are shown for the active log Otherwise the values correspond to the display filter The remaining statistics tabs Node Report and Trend are
55. e is LPA PDET MAX CHARS If not all lines are used the line after the last used line must be set to the null string FieldData Lastline 1 0 X0 All values of the LpaPacketDetails structure can be changed within the LpaPlgChangePacketDetails function If changes have been made the function must return TRUE otherwise it must return FALSE Observe that since Plug Ins are executed in the same context as the LPA itself a Plug In can crash the LPA if it is not programmed correctly LOYTEC electronics GmbH 66 LPA Manual 6 External Applications A sample implementation of an LPA Plug In DLL is shown in the example LpaPlgT which is located in the folder SOURCE LpaPlgT of your LPA installation directory The file LpaPlgT c contains the source code of the DLL The file LpaPFmt h where all needed structure types as well as constants are defined is included in LpaPlgT c The file LpaPlgT def is used to export the two DLL functions A Visual C 7 1 solution file called LpaPlgT sin is also available The following settings have been made in the Visual C Developer Studio In menu Project Properties C C Code Generation the Struct Member Alignment is set to I Byte and the Runtime Library is set to Multi threaded DLL In menu Project Properties C C Advanced the Calling Convention is set to D cdecl All three settings are necessary for wo
56. e path packets based on the total number of packets of the domain subnet node or group Ackd Packets Sets the display mode for the Ackd column of the group table Absolute shows the absolute count of packets with acknowledged service of Total shows the percentage of these packets based on the total number of packets of the group Show S N G No If this checkbox is enabled the subnet node and group numbers are always displayed in the corresponding columns even if symbolic names are available from the packet converter e g see columns Subnet and Node in the node table of Figure 43 If the checkbox is disabled numbers are only displayed if no conversion is available Observe that in this case the corresponding columns are sorted by name only LOYTEC electronics GmbH 53 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Enable Disp Filter This checkbox can be used to quickly disable any display filter that was created automatically through one of the following two functions Create Display Filter Click this button to create a display filter for the observed log which only displays packets of the currently selected domain subnet node or group When a node is selected all packets sent and received by that node are shown as long as they can be assigned to the node Add to Display Filter Click this button to add the currently selected domain subnet node or group to an already existing display filter T
57. e to enter source group and member You can also let the address information be set automatically by choosing symbolic names defined in the packet converter click on the corresponding Choose button TPDU SPDU or AuthPDU Header This is the section at the upper right corner of the form Depending on settings in the NPDU header Enclosed PDU one of these three panels will appear They represent layer 4 or 5 of the network protocol You can set the authentication flag and transaction number of the packet here Each of the three possible headers TPDU SPDU or AuthPDU provides several services which can be chosen in the field PDU type Some of these services require LOYTEC electronics GmbH 58 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA additional information which has to be entered at the bottom of the panel in hexadecimal form member list random bytes crypto bytes APDU The APDU panel appears whenever a message Application Protocol Data Unit can be transported in the packet This is not the case with acknowledgments plain reminders challenges and replies In all other cases you will first have to set the APDU type If you select Network Variable Update or Network Variable Poll you will have to enter the corresponding network variable selector NV selector In all other cases you must enter the message code Code The selector or code field can also be set automatically by choosing a s
58. eas every log window has a display filter assigned to it Filter parameters can be stored as packet filter files which have the extension pft by default Note that several log files can share the same display filter file LOYTEC electronics GmbH 42 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA If you change the display filter within one of these logs it will take effect on the other log files that use this packet filter file when they are opened again later If you don t want that to happen you must store the altered filter under a new name The packet filter form is also used for the packet trigger This is a normal packet filter which decides when to start the capturing process No packets are stored until a packet arrives which matches the packet trigger After a packet has triggered the logging process the packet trigger is disabled and the capture filter starts to work instead This trigger event is indicated by the disappearance of a small green point at the button TR of the tool bar After that you can re activate the trigger by pausing the log and enabling the packet trigger again Observe that you can setup default files for the capture filter the display filter and the trigger in the LPA settings see Section 5 11 which are used after start up The capture filter of the active log can be edited by selecting menu Profile Capture Filter or clicking on the button i The display filter of the current log window can be e
59. ecting menu Packet Go To or clicking on the button E Figure 32 shows the corresponding dialog box Go to Packet Go to Packet Number 75 Figure 32 Go To Packet LOYTEC electronics GmbH 33 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA 4 6 Functions of the Popup Menu View Menu The popup menu appears whenever you click on the right mouse button within a log window or select menu View as shown in Figure 33 Show Hide Adjust Columns Shift F10 Columns Show All Columns Shift F11 Hide All Columns Shift F12 Packet v Number Shift F2 g R Enable Display Filt Ctrl F5 v Time Shift F3 Filtering and ae v Length Shift F4 C Display Filter on Domain Ctr F7 v Flags Shift F5 onversion i ae a cae he eee p El 4 ad Es sd xd E v Domain Shift F7 ibis A v Service Shift F8 Switch Packet Packet Details Ctrl F11 r and Protocol v Protocol Details CtrlHF12 Details on off ar as m Mark Range Shift Ins on s Marks Alt BkSp k Hi Unmark All Packets Ctrl Ins Mar ide Hide Marked Packets Del Packets Show All Packets Ctrl Del TE Display Options Display Options Figure 33 Popup Menu View Menu Five major functions are provided by the popup menu Show Hide Columns Here you can choose which columns of the packet table and hence which information of each packet you wish to be visible When you click on Hide all Columns all columns except Source Destination and Data will be hidden since these three are the mos
60. election For each of the three ports a transceiver can be chosen and the corresponding bit rate will be displayed You have to select one of the ports as currently active by clicking on the small button on the left side By clicking on the button Test you can test if the network interface LOYTEC electronics GmbH 8 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup works correctly For the RS 485 transceivers Port 3 you can also try automatic bit rate detection After clicking on Detect the network is searched for traffic using different bit rates The correct bit rate can only be detected if packets are received during the detection Process 2 3 2 NIC852 Devices LPA IP When purchasing an LPA IP package you will receive a small NIC852 USB key for enabling the PC to connect to an EIA852 CNIP Control Network over IP network The standard use case for the NIC852 is to function as a member node on an EIA852 CNIP channel LonMark IP 852 see Figure 4 NIC852 USB Port LonMark IP 852 Figure 4 LPA IP running on NIC852 In this case the LPA IP SW software receives the complete traffic of the IP 852 channel Refer to the NIC User Manual on how to configure the NIC852 to become a member of an EIA852 channel Please keep in mind that due to the point to point nature of EIA852 the packet log as seen in the LPA might not exactly represent the communication between nodes in some situations Figure 5 illustrates why this
61. er you can switch between Standard and Expert Mode for Multiplexed Network Interfaces see Section 2 3 5 as well as assign L IPs see Section 2 3 3 and NIC IPs see Section 2 3 4 After selecting the network interface a transceiver must be selected via menu Profile Interface Settings or by clicking on the button IF The corresponding dialog window as LOYTEC electronics GmbH 7 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup well as further specifics of the different network interface types are described in the following sections 2 3 1 NIC709 PP NIC709 USB and NIC709 PCI Devices This section covers the NIC709 network interface series except NIC709 IP as well as all older network interface types labeled LPA006 LPA PP LPA USB and LPA USBP These network interfaces connect your PC directly to an EIA709 network Figure 2 shows the setup for a NIC709 USB as an example USB Port EIA 709 Network Figure 2 NIC709 Setup The EIA709 network must be connected to the matching transceiver of the NIC709 network interface This transceiver must then be selected in the Interface Settings dialog within the LPA Software Figure 3 shows the dialog window for NIC709 network interfaces Interface Settings Transceiver Settings Transceiver Bitrate XID OPORT 1 xF 1250 v 1250000 il 78125 QO PORT 3 Rs 485381 v 39063 Comment Free Topology Transceiver Figure 3 NIC709 Transceiver S
62. ered in MBytes up to 64 MB In the Export Settings LOYTEC electronics GmbH 61 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA field you can setup the separator characters for exported CSV comma separated value files By default the separator characters are derived from the Windows local settings LOYTEC electronics GmbH 62 LPA Manual 6 External Applications 6 External Applications This chapter describes how the LPA software can be used with external applications It is shown how packet recording files are accessed how packets can be forwarded to third party software and how the LPA can be customized to display application specific data Sample programs in the language C are included with the LPA software in the subdirectory SOURCE of your LPA installation folder 6 1 Accessing Data from Packet Recording Files Since packet recording files see Section 5 10 have a rather simple format it is easy to read the packet data they contain Basically the file must be opened in binary mode the file header must be skipped and then the packets can be read until the end of the file is reached Each packet consists of a length information two bytes the packet itself from priority bit to CRC and a timestamp The exact procedure is shown in the example ProcPRC which is located in the folder SOURCE ProcPRC of your LPA installation directory The file ProcPRC c contains all the source code needed for the example The
63. et log files as a packet source for another log like packet recording files see Section 5 10 Despite the new information in log files from LPA 3 0 or higher the log files stay both up and downwards compatible This means that a log file can be viewed with any LPA version regardless of the LPA version it was created with 4 9 Exporting a Packet Log You can export the packet table of the current log window as a CSV comma separated value file by selecting menu File Export If you only want to export certain packets or columns use the display filter see Section 5 3 and the popup menu functions of that log In the first line of the exported file the names of the exported columns are stored Lines packets are separated by new line characters The character used for separating columns as well as the decimal separator can be setup in the LPA Settings see Section 5 11 The exported files can be used for further processing e g in spreadsheet programs 4 10 Printing a Packet Log You can print the packet table of the current log window by selecting menu File Print You might want to reduce the number of displayed packets by using the display filter see Section 5 3 and the hide function of the popup menu before printing In order to make packet information fit the paper s width you can use the hide column function of the popup menu The dialog box for printing packets is shown in Figure 34 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 36 LPA Ma
64. etwork interface as depicted in Figure 14 Applications O K Application SG MIP LDV EIA 709 Network Figure 14 Multiplexed Network Interfaces LOYTEC electronics GmbH 16 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup You could e g run the LPA software the LSD tool a custom ORION application an LNS VNI application and a MIP LDV application at the same time using only one NIC709 PCI network interface Network Interface Selection NIC PCI 1 C PCI 1 000 reserved C PCI 1 001 reserved NIC PCI 1 002 NIC PCI 1 003 NIC PCI 1 004 NIC PCI 1 005 NIC PCI 1 006 NIC PCI 1 007 NIC USB 1 NIC USB 1 000 reserved N N N N N N N C USB 1 001 reserved C USB 1 002 C USB 1 003 C USB 1 004 C USB 1 005 Network Interface Information Physical Network Interface NIC PCI 1 Access Type MNI shared Time Stamp Generation in Software on PC Time Stamp Accuracy approx 1ms Expert Mode Refresh List L IP Assignment NIC P Assignment Figure 15 Expert Mode for Network Interface Selection When using the Standard Mode Expert Mode disabled see Figure 1 in the Network Interface selection dialog MNI devices are automatically used if supported by the network interface This way both the LPA and the LSD software can e g run on the same network interface NIC_PCI_1 In Expert Mode the physical network interface e g NIC PCI 1 as well as all corresponding MNI devices NIC_PCI_1_000
65. g Paused EEK Txt Domain___ Souce Dkstination Service Var 14 10 02 244 12 slo lio Control Unit Motor UPDT Motor Speed 10 14 10 04 244 9 ildi Motor Control Unit 14 10 06 244 12 dch Control Unit Motor UPDT Motor Speed 20 14 10 08 244 9 Motor Control Unit 2 Building Control Unit Motor Figure 21 Converted Packets LOYTEC electronics GmbH 22 LPA Manual 3 Tutorial 7 Edit the packet display filter by clicking on DEI The packet display filter decides which of the logged packets shall be displayed By default all packets can pass the filter and are shown in the log window To get an idea how a packet filter works enable the filter by clicking on Enable Display Filter Next click on the Layer 4 filter section and enable the checkbox Enable TPDU Filter Now you can setup filter parameters on layer 4 of the network protocol Disable the checkbox Acknowledgements to hide all acknowledgment packets in the log window When you click on OK the changes you have performed in the display filter will take effect and acknowledgments will be hidden 8 Deactivate the display filter by clicking on DE and disabling Enable Display Filter After clicking on OK all packets will be shown again The whole display filter is now disabled and all captured packets are displayed in the log window Note that there is also a packet capture filter available It decides whether incoming packets shall
66. ged by opening one file and clicking on Merge for subsequent files Observe also that you can setup a default converter in the LPA settings see Section 5 11 which is used after start up The packet converter of the current log window can be edited by selecting menu Profile Converter or clicking on the button El A small green point in the corner of the button D I indicates that converter entries are present the converter is not empty and the converter is active You can activate and deactivate the converter by clicking on Enable Converter Additionally you can invoke the packet converter for a specific domain subnet group or node within the node statistics see Section 5 6 or using the popup menu of the log table Section 4 6 Please observe that you cannot cancel any modifications in the packet converter if you have disabled Backup Converter Settings in the LPA Settings see Section 5 11 Figure 36 shows the dialog box for editing the packet converter In all four tables of the converter you can delete a line by selecting the first column of that line and hitting DEL You can insert a line the same way by pressing INS All tables except the node table can be edited directly by pressing RETURN or clicking into a selected field of the table You can clear all tables of the converter with the button Clear Every line of the conversion tables starts with a symbolic name of the corresponding domain subnet group or
67. his way e g the traffic of several nodes can be displayed Converter Entry Click this button to add or modify the packet converter entry of the currently selected domain subnet node or group Export Table Click this button to export the currently selected table to a CSV comma separated value file Separator characters can be setup in the LPA Settings Section 5 11 Note that the last five functions are also available through the popup menu of the domain subnet node and group table see Figure 44 Enable Display Filter Create Display Filter Add to Display Filter Converter Entry ExportTable Figure 44 Popup Menu of Node Statistics 5 7 LPA Reports LPA Reports offer a quick overview of the observed network segment The report tab of the statistics window is shown in Figure 45 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 54 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA amp Statistics of Big_V30 plg Packet aptured Packe isplaved Packet General Service Message Errors Filter Node Report Trend Problem Summary This report lists 57 potential problem s in the observed packet log The problems are marked with gt A XX Details can be found in Appendix A Log File Name Big V30 plg Log Source LPA 3 0 Network FT 10 User Information Time Stamp of First Packet Time Stamp of Last Packet Log Duration Number of Recorded Packets 2005 12 09 19 15 04 162000 2005 12 10 06 09 48 755534 O d
68. ig tool 2 3 Network Interface and Transceiver Selection When you start the LPA Software for the first time in order to start a packet log from your network interface you must select your network interface as well as the active transceiver To select a network interface please click on the button NI or select menu Profile Network Interface All installed network interface devices will be displayed as shown in Figure 1 Network Interface Selection NIC PCI 1 NIC PCI 2 NIC USB 2 NIC 852 1 NIC IP 1 Joerg Test 192 168 24 250 1528 Up 01 LIP 2 Port RTR2 192 168 32 31 1628 LIP 02 PC228 192 168 1 228 1628 Network Interface Information Physical Network Interface NIC USB 2 Access Type MNI shared Time Stamp Generation in Software on PC Time Stamp Accuracy approx 1ms C Expert Mode Refresh List LAP Assignment NICAP Assignment Figure 1 Network Interface Selection If an installed device is missing please start the LConfig tool and test the network interface If a specific network interface is not available Device not available it is already in use by a different application When you click on a network interface additional information is displayed at the bottom of the dialog window see also Section 2 3 5 Select your network interface by double clicking on the corresponding line or clicking on OK You can refresh the list of network interfaces by clicking on Refresh List Furth
69. ion 5 2 and a SNVT is specified for that variable in the converter When a SNVT message is shown you can choose the type of display at the bottom of the packet detail area Raw means that no interpretation is done Structure means that the SNVT structure is shown but the values are not converted Converted means that the values contained in the SNVT structure are converted according to the SNVT Master List Note that the measurement system can be switched between SI system and Imperial US system in the LPA Settings see Section 5 11 Message Network Variable Update Update Nv47 _nvoRWA Atl SB to A SNVT switch value 0 0 state OFF v O Raw O Structure Converted Figure 29 SNVT Messages Protocol Details This area is located under the packet table and shows protocol layer specific information of the currently selected packet Each layer PPDU NPDU TPDU SPDU AuthPDU and APDU can be expanded to reveal information contained in that layer down to bit level At the bottom of the log window you can see raw packet data hexadecimal with a highlighted area which corresponds to the selected line of the protocol details LOYTEC electronics GmbH 31 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA Both packet details and protocol details can be switched on and off in the popup menu of the log window which appears when you click on the right mouse button 4 4 Status Bar This is the bar at the bottom of the LPA main windo
70. is the case LOYTEC electronics GmbH 9 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup Figure 5 EIA852 Packet Logging When an LPA is inserted into an existing EIA852 channel all members are automatically informed of the new member and start to send copies of all packets to the LPA In Figure 5 e g the left L IP sends packet A to the right L IP and a copy of packet A to the LPA The right L IP sends packet B to the left L IP and a copy of packet B to the LPA Thus it is possible that the packet order of some transactions is mixed up in the LPA packet log window e g showing a Response lt B gt before the Request lt A gt It might also be possible that the copy of a packet is seen in the LPA but the original packet has not reached its destination was discarded at the destination due to a not properly set channel timeout value or a not synchronized system clock and vice versa This could mainly be the case in WANs Wide Area Networks where packet transmission time from different nodes can vary significantly and packets can even be lost Additionally the accuracy of the packet time stamps shown in the LPA is also largely dependent on IP packet propagation delay However in a LAN Local Area Network these effects should be minimal Figure 6 shows the Interface Settings dialog window of the LPA software for NIC852 Here you can choose between IP 10L LAN and IP 10W WAN LOYTEC electronics GmbH 10 LPA Manual 2 Installation
71. istics can also be displayed for the active log during the logging process if enabled in the log mode settings In this case there is a Clear button where you can reset all statistical data during packets are logged as shown in Figure 42 right picture LOYTEC electronics GmbH 48 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA amp Statistics of Big V30 plg amp Statistics of Active Log Captured Packets Displayed Packets All Packets O Captured Packets General Service Message Errors Filter Node Report Trend General Service Message Errors Filter Node Report Trend General Packet Statistics General Packet Statistics Total Packets 2519439 Average Packet Size 15 77 Total Packets 5497 Average Packet Size 15 6 Bad Packets 0 0 Bad Packets 0 0 Priority Packets 108692 E 4 3141 Priority Packets Nu 5 0937 Alternate Path 10945 0 43442 Alternate Path 0 47299 Authenticated 0 0 Authenticated 0 Log Statistics Log Statistics Packets s Average 64 13 Bandw Util Average 32 906 Log Buffer Bytes 206663 2 Marked and Hidden Packets Bandwidth Utilization 25 507 Marked Packets 555463 za 20 485 Packets s Average 56 67 Current 51 Maximum 88 Hidden Packets 192169 7 0869 Last Update at 16 33 28 Elapsed Time 00 01 37 Figure 42 Packet Statistics for Current Log Window and Active Log On top of the st
72. lable Directories Here you can setup default paths for Log Files normal log files and packet recording files packet converter files and packet filter files LOYTEC electronics GmbH 60 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Default Files Here you can setup default files for the packet filters trigger capture filter amp display filter and the packet converter These files will be used for new packet logs after start up of the LPA If you don t want a default file to be used just click on the button Clear External Here you can activate the LPA Server as well as choose an LPA Plug In The LPA Server forwards all received packets that pass through the capture filter to external programs LPA Clients An LPA Plug In is an external DLL Dynamic Link Library which can change the interpretation and hence the display of packets See Chapter 6 for more information on how to create LPA Clients and Plug Ins Observe that using the LPA Server or an LPA Plug In can slow down the logging process Converter Here you make some settings for the packet converter By choosing Prompt before deleting Domains Subnets or Groups you will be asked for confirmation before you delete domains subnets or groups which names are already used in other tables of the packet converter or the packet filters The same goes for Prompt before deleting nodes Prompt before changing corresponding Entries means that whenever you change the n
73. led LpaCliT sln The following settings have been made in the Visual C Developer Studio In menu Project Properties C C Code Generation the Struct Member Alignment is set to 1 Byte This is necessary for working correctly with the LPA Client DLL In menu Project Properties Linker the value LpaCli lib has been appended to the Additional Dependencies The corresponding library file LpaCli lib is located in the folder SOURCE LpaCliT of your LPA installation directory A compiled executable file LpaCliT exe is located in SOURCE LpaCliT Release When both this file and the LPA Server is started all logged packets can be watched in the console window of LpaCliT exe Observe that the client LpaCliT exe can be started multiple times like mentioned above 6 3 LPA Plug Ins The display of packet information in the LPA can be customized by creating an LPA Plug In and activating it in the LPA settings see Section 5 11 This is useful for specific interpretation of user and application data user defined network variables explicit messages foreign frames etc An LPA Plug In is a DLL Dynamic Link Library which is used by the LPA whenever packet data shall be displayed The DLL must provide the following two functions BOOL LpaPlgChangePacket change packet display in LPA packet table LpaDisplayOptions_t LpaDisplayOptions current LPA display options LpaPacket_t LpaPacket p
74. lg Note that after installation of the LPA software packet log files plg can also be opened by double clicking them in the explorer 2 5 Multiple Configurations By using a command line parameter different independent LPA configurations can be setup If you want to create a new LPA configuration just create a shortcut to the executable file LPA exe e g on your desktop and choose properties by clicking the right mouse button on the LPA icon Then go to Shortcut and append a unique configuration name in the Target field e g C Program Files LOYTEC LPA LPA exe gt C Program Files LOYTEC LPA LPA exe ConfigNamel The name of the LPA icon should also be changed accordingly to be able to distinguish the LPA icons from each other You can repeat this procedure with different configuration names to create several independent LPA configurations All settings done within the LPA software will then only affect the configuration of the LPA icon you have used to start the software All other configurations remain unchanged 2 6 Using several LPAs simultaneously If you want to observe more than one network channel at a time you can use several instances of the LPA software simultaneously Just start the LPA software for each device you want to log packets from Observe that you have to choose the correct network interface see Section 2 3 for each LPA software you start To avoid changing these settings upon every
75. lick on Add Mask All network variable updates of that network variable where the updated value matches the mask will match this entry Bytes of the mask can be entered in hexadecimal e g 10 OA C7 or binary form with a dot as an indicator e g 00101011 The wildcard character can be used for ignoring certain nibbles or bits e g 5 F or 01200 1 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 46 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA 3 Generic APDU filtering Just enter a data mask for the complete APDU in the field next to the Apply button and click on Add Mask A few examples are given below e 20 all application msgs with msg code 0x20 e 20 12 11110000 all appl msgs with msg code 0x20 and first data bytes 0x12 OxFO e 2 all appl msgs with msg codes 0x20 0x2F e 12 2209 all network variable msgs two byte msg code MSB 1 e 6A all query domain msgs network management code Ox6A e 407777 all foreign frame msgs with msg code 0x40 and at least 2 data bytes e 10 1 all appl msgs with msg code 0x10 and MSB 1 in the first data byte e 10 AB all appl msgs with msg code 0x10 and the 2 data byte OxAB To edit an existing mask entry click on the corresponding line edit the mask and click on Apply To delete any APDU entry just click on the corresponding line and press DEL To let messages with no APDU e g acknowledgements match th
76. mance during the packet logging process or if you want to LOYTEC electronics GmbH 43 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA see all captured packets you can disable the whole packet filter with the Enable checkbox at the right bottom of the filter form With the button Clear you can restore the default filter which discards all packets with protocol errors and lets all good packets pass Address and APDU Table In addition to layer specific filter sections there is also the address and APDU table that provides packet sender recipient and message specific filtering This is done separately because it is actually a combination of filtering on layer 3 network addresses and layer 6 amp 7 APDU Figure 39 again shows the packet filter dialog box this time displaying the Address and APDU Table Capture Filter of Active Log only_network_variables pft Lane 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5 Layer6 and 7 Address and APDU Table Enable Address and APDU Table Edit Entry Copy Entry Domain Source Destination NY s Building Control Unit Motor gt Motor Speed Building Floor01 z Building Floor02 tiMachines Building B Lamp gt Intensity Building B Lamp Enable Capture Filter Figure 39 Address and APDU Table In the first column of the table a plus indicates a positive address entry whereas a minus indicates a negative address entry Packets that match a positive address entry
77. nds of packet timestamp LONG TimeStampNanoSec nano seconds of packet timestamp DWORD Error greater than 0 if packet has errors LpaPacket t LOYTEC electronics GmbH 64 LPA Manual 6 External Applications The textual packet information simply consists of the columns of the corresponding line in the LPA packet table see Section 4 3 Exceptions are the column Number which is not returned and the value AbsoluteTime which always returns the full absolute time stamp regardless of the settings in the LPA display options see 5 4 Numeric packet data includes the RawPacket which contains the whole packet from priority bit to CRC The length of the packet in bytes is returned in Length and the index of the first byte of the APDU Application Protocol Data Unit is returned in MessageStart Observe that MessageStart 0 means that the packet contains no APDU e g acknowledgement packets Additional packet information includes the PreambleLength of the packet the timestamp the Error flag and a Packet Id The TimeStampSec value can be split into date and time by using the Localtime function as shown in the ProcPRC example SOURCE ProcPRC ProcPRC c The PacketId starts with 0 when the LPA Server is activated and is incremented by the server whenever a new packet is written It can be used in the client to determine if packets have been lost The LpaCliT example includes a Visual C 7 1 solution file cal
78. nment in the Network Interface selection dialog see Figure 1 The dialog has the same functions as the one in the LConfig tool see NIC User Manual Figure 8 shows the L IP Assignment dialog window In the device table all discovered channel members will be displayed However only L IPs can be selected for assignment since the Remote LPA function is only available on L IPs Non L IP devices as well as devices that cannot be contacted will be displayed gray Use the checkbox Show All Devices to decide whether to see all remote devices or just the L IPs During device discovery already discovered devices can be assigned immediately It is not necessary to wait for the completion of the discovery process since this can be a lengthy procedure depending on the size of the scanned channel s L IP Assignment S Assignment IP NAT Address Device Type Device Name Config Server UP 01 192 168 1 254 628 JP mmm Port lt unknown gt unknown 80 18 145 23 1628 alexander E14709 21 47 75 1 unknown 62 78 15 77 1628 chris ElA709 21 47 75 1 unknown 62 78 95 196 1628 thomas ElA709 21 47 75 1 unknown 80 8 23 71 1628 dietmar ElA709 21 47 75 1 unknown 62 40 48 2 1628 hans joerg ElA709 21 47 75 1 Brunnkirchen v0 192 168 1 228 1528 als cs ElA709 192 168 1 228 unknown 0 192 168 1 229 1628 als cc ElA 09 192 168 1 228 unknown 192 168 1 209 1528 El 709 192 168 1 209 unknown 192 168 32 4 1628 EIA 08 unknown 192 168 12 5 1628 NIC IP Alexander2 E1
79. nterface Allows you to setup the network interface see Chapter 2 E Log Mode menu Profile Log Mode T Allows you to setup the log mode for the active log prior to starting the packet capturing process see Section 5 1 la Trigger menu Profile Trigger Allows you to setup a packet trigger for the active log It decides when to start the packet capturing process see Section 5 3 A small green point on the button indicates that the packet trigger is enabled LOYTEC electronics GmbH 27 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA Capture Filter menu Profile Capture Filter Allows you to setup a packet capture filter for the active log During the logging process the capture filter decides whether to store an incoming packet or discard it see Section 5 3 A small green point on the button indicates that the capture filter is enabled Display Filter menu Profile Display Filter Allows you to setup a packet display filter for the current log The display filter decides which of the captured packets are actually displayed in the log window see Section 5 3 A small green point on the button indicates that the display filter is enabled Converter menu Profile Converter Allows you to setup a packet converter for the current log The packet converter is used to display symbolic names instead of plain numbers contained in the packets see Section 5 2 A small green point on the button indicates that a packet converter is a
80. nual 4 Using the LPA Print SNVIs US plg Options Printer Setup Draw Horizontal Lines Draw Vertical Lines Format Font Size 8 v Status Ready to Print 42 Packets Figure 34 Print Log Within the print form you can change the font size or choose landscape format by clicking on Printer Setup Additionally you can choose to print horizontal and vertical lines If the lines of the packet table do not fit on the paper the message Packets will not fit on Paper will appear and you will not be able to print During the printing process you can watch the progress as well as abort 4 11 On line Help System To invoke the on line help system of the LPA you have to press F1 or select menu Help Help Topics If you press F1 within a specific dialog box or click on the Help button of that form context sensitive help about the current dialog box will appear For general information on the LPA you can select menu Help About LPA and menu Help Contact LOYTEC electronics GmbH 37 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA 5 Advanced Features of the LPA In addition to packet capturing and the display of packet information the LPA also offers more advanced features like packet filtering conversion statistics and simulation The following sections describe the meaning of these terms and how the advanced functions of the LPA software are used 5 1 Log Mode Settings Before star
81. oadcasts in subnet 1 of domain 0x00 packets with destination subnet node number 1 1 in domain 0x00 packets with destination group 0 1 or 2 in domain 0x00 packets with destination NID 0x001122334455 If you have entered an asterisk in the Domain field as described at the beginning you can choose every node defined in the converter as the destination address regardless of its domain table entries which also includes unconfigured nodes In this case only packets with NIDs as the destination address can match the address entry and therefore only the last point of the just given example would be true APDU Entries In addition to the above you can specify a filter based on the APDU application part of the packets here Several APDU entry types are available 1 Filtering of network variables polls updates without value match Just enter a network variable next to the Add NV button and then click on Add NV A network variable can be entered as a symbolic network variable name defined in a node of the packet converter as well as a selector in decimal e g 12345 or hexadecimal form e g OxOABC You can also change the direction of the network variable message UPDaTe POLL or BOTH beforehand 2 Filtering of network variable updates with value match Enter a line of the following format into the field next to the Apply button e gt network variable value mask and c
82. ocol Analyzer LPA is a powerful tool for analyzing EIA709 and EIA852 CNIP Control Network over IP networks by using a LOYTEC NIC709 or NI852 network interface which connects your personal computer to the network After setting up the network interface incoming packets can be logged and displayed on line during the logging process With its filtering conversion and statistical functions the LPA can extract just the information you want to see Using the LPA IP and Remote LPA functionalities the LPA software can be used to monitor EIA852 networks and remote EIA709 channels from anywhere in the world over the Internet Further the LPA can also work in conjunction with external applications see Chapter 6 For software updates and latest news on the LPA refer to our webpage http www loytec com This manual starts with a description of the LPA installation and setup A short tutorial is following to help you get started with the LPA software After that all basic functions as well as advanced features of the protocol analyzer are described Please observe that the term LPA Software addresses both the LPA SW and LPA IP SW software packages 2 Installation and Setup 2 1 Software and Hardware Installation To start the installation process just put the LOYTEC Software CD into your CDR DVD drive You might have to run setup exe from the CD if the LOYTEC CD menu does not appear automatically Please install the latest NIC Software pa
83. ocuments packet logs can be open at a time These packet logs can be stored to packet log files There is one special packet log called the Active Log This is the log window where packets are logged in There can only be one active log at a time An active log window is created by selecting menu File New or by clicking on the button D Figure 25 shows the main window of the LPA with two open log files S LPA on NIC USB 1 je Profile Packet View Window Help LPA D d NI IF DF CO Menus Tool Length Flags THI Domain Bar 14 1 6000 09 078000 PRI 112233 21 000000 PR 112233 002 002 07 735000 PRI I 112233 002 002 11 343000 112233 003 001 03 703009 Log Length Flags TXH Domain Source Destination Windows 14 10 02 244000 12 Je Building A Control Unit Motor Building amp Motor Control Uni Status dem Control Uni y gt Bar Log No Active Log Interface Off line Packets 19 19 CRC Err 0 Figure 25 Main Window of the LPA 4 1 LPA Menus Here you can select the functions of the LPA Shortcut keys are available for most of the menu items They appear next to the corresponding item when a menu is activated There are five main menus which contain the following groups of functions File Menu log file processing and general settings Profile Menu interface and log setup Packet Menu packet logging and analysis View Menu same as popup menu see Section 4 6 Window Menu
84. onfigured and assigned to a logical device NIC IP 1 NIC IP 38 In this section only NIC IP assignment is addressed For more information on NIC IP configuration and firmware upgrade please refer to the NIC User Manual The NIC IP assignment and configuration dialog window as shown in Figure 12 can be invoked by clicking on NIC IP Assignment in the Network Interface selection dialog see Figure 1 In the device table all discovered NIC IPs will be displayed Non NIC IP devices as well as devices that cannot be contacted will be displayed gray NIC IPs that are un configured or not configured correctly are displayed red Use the checkbox Show All Devices to decide whether to see all remote devices or NIC IPs only During device discovery already LOYTEC electronics GmbH 14 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup discovered NIC IPs can be assigned right away It is not necessary to wait for the completion of the discovery process since this can be a lengthy procedure To assign a NIC IP to a logical device please select the corresponding line of the device table and click on Assign Add or just double click on the device to assign To add a device not present in the device table also click on Assign Add The dialog box shown in Figure 13 will appear NIC IP Assignment and Configuration 5 Assignment IP NAT Address Device Type Device Name Interface Config Server Location NIC IP 1 mO 192 168 12 4 1628 NIC IP Alexander1 Ela70
85. ording to the network protocol OxHHHHHHHHHHHH where H stand for a hexadecimal digit The prelimiter Ox is optional here You can also enter the location and description of a node by clicking on the button Node Info Note that this information is not processed during packet conversion and has no manifestation in the network protocol It is only meant as a help for you to remember the purpose of that node The value entered in the Location field will appear in the header of the node editor Domain Tables Every node can be a part of up to two domains which can be setup in the domain tables 0 and 1 If the node is unconfigured just leave all these entries blank You can setup the domain ID subnet and node number in each domain table Additionally you can assign groups to the node by entering a group in the field next to the button Add and then clicking on that button The group will then appear in the table above To delete a group from a domain table just click on the corresponding line and press DEL Domains subnets and groups can be entered as symbolic names defined in the corresponding conversion tables or as plain numbers in decimal or hexadecimal form Network Variables Every line of this table represents a network variable of the node It consists of the network variable s name direction and selector Optionally you can also enter a SNVT and a destination address The direction of a network variable specifies
86. program start just create several different LPA configurations one for each network interface as described in Section 2 4 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 18 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup 2 7 Server only mode The LPA Software can be started in a Server only mode Please refer to Section 6 2 for more information on the LPA Server function In the Server only mode the LPA automatically starts a packet log and forwards all packets passing the capture filter to LPA Clients To activate the Server only mode the LPA must be started with the option s To distinguish the LPA Server only configuration from the normal LPA configuration or other custom configurations see Section 2 4 it is recommended to assign a certain configuration name to the Server only configuration The LPA would then be started e g like this C Program Files LOYTEC LPA LPA exe ServerConfig s A corresponding shortcut could be put in the Autostart folder of the Windows start menu to automatically start the LPA Server at boot time Since there is no graphical user interface available in Server only mode you must setup the LPA network interface packet converter capture filter etc beforehand by starting the LPA without the s option but still with the Server only configuration name C Program Files LOYTEC LPA LPA exe ServerConfig The configuration is saved automatically when exiting the LPA When the LPA is started in Server only mode a syst
87. ray icon will appear which shows the state of the LPA Server see Figure 16 LPA Server Systray Icon Figure 16 The color of the icon indicates the following states e Gray Inactive Paused or trying to open Network Interface e Green Active Running e Red An error has occurred When the mouse is moved over the icon additional information about the current state of the LPA Server is displayed Further a popup menu is available which appears when right clicking the systray icon see Figure 17 Pause About Exit Figure 17 Systray Icon Menu LOYTEC electronics GmbH 19 LPA Manual 2 Installation and Setup By double clicking the systray icon or choosing Pause in the menu you can pause and restart the LPA Server When an error has occurred upon startup you can retry to startup the LPA Server by choosing Start With Exit you can terminate the LPA Server LOYTEC electronics GmbH 20 LPA Manual 3 Tutorial 3 Tutorial This tutorial is meant to help you get familiar with the main features of the LPA A detailed description of all functions is provided in the chapters 4 and 5 The steps that are explained here can be performed without the need of an actual network 1 Start the LPA and click on the button 51 You have created a new log window to display incoming packets It is called Active Log as shown in Figure 18 S LPA on NIC USB 1 File Profile Packet View Window Help
88. res incoming packets during the logging process see also Section 5 10 The maximum file size of the packet recording file in Mbytes up to 16 GB can be configured in the field Maximum File Size in Mbyte LOYTEC electronics GmbH 38 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA On line Mode Enable On line Mode means that you can watch incoming packets during the logging process If your system cannot keep up to the speed of incoming packets you can try to Disable On line Mode or let just the packet statistics be updated while packets are logged Only Statistics On line In on line mode you can choose the update interval for the log window and statistics 5 2 Packet Converter Every log window has a packet converter assigned to it where symbolic names for network addresses and variables can be established to make packet contents easier to read and understand These symbolic names are then displayed in the corresponding log window instead of the plain numbers contained in the packets The conversion tables can be stored as packet converter files which have the extension pco by default Note that several log files can share the same converter file If you change the converter within one of these logs it will take effect on the other log files that use this converter file when they are opened again later If you don t want that to happen you must store the altered converter under a new name Converter files can be mer
89. rk variable 41 46 NEW IO84 4 eec tte me it re aa 27 NIC Software ses ir decise eter etes 6 EHS 6 8 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 75 Index NIE Zeta 6 9 11 NIGP pnr Urges 14 NIC IP Assignment 14 KR E 30 41 45 node arks 40 51 node edit aiii ante rises 40 e 41 NOME Hamme e eene ee 41 45 node number sss sese 30 41 42 45 node statistics 51 VIS RRE 31 IS RUN EE 58 O Olea send 59 on line mode 35 39 open log o eenattoe tmt 18 27 output network variable sess 42 P packet butter sees ice sete 38 packet converter 28 34 39 54 packet creatiOn co ciet pee tiene 58 packet details eee 30 packetfilter iones 34 42 packet length ipte oor eges 29 packet log us echec WU pO ISP 26 packet log file oe tes 26 35 packet recording file 38 59 62 63 packet simulation eee 57 packet Size oed uites hd ed 49 packet Statistles wish etr iR eint 29 48 packet storage mode 38 packet TT he eee ttes 29 Pass Packets sse ee eterne 45 pause logicae me 21 28 pause Update oett 28 PDU format cce ette ee edente 49 PDUHYPE re Gert e EP there 49 personal computer 6 Personal Firewall esee 6 POPUP MENU entintado creci 33 54 positive entry sese eee eee 44 PPD iii hh PREMIO ASAs 31 PPDU header e nie ec 58 print l g iae Be A p ees 36 protocol details 31 protocol error e eher 30 50 57 R TOC he eid eR IE 52 LPA Manual E
90. rking correctly with the LPA Plug In interface A compiled version of the DLL is available in the folder SOURCE LpaPlgT Release as well as in the folder PLUGIN It is called LpaPIgT dll and can be used with the LPA right away see Section 5 11 If used it will change the display of all application messages with the message code 5 see Figure 50 amp Active Log Running EEK i TXH Domain Destination 14 50 29 597000 10 D PLUGIN Domain PLUGIN Source PLUGIN Destination ACKD PLUGIN Data 2 14 50 54 644000 10 ee Beie Keier PLUGIN Domain PLUGIN Source PLUGIN Destination ACKD PLUGIN Data 3 14 50 54 800000 10 aus PLUGIN Domain PLUGIN Source PLUGIN Destination ACKD PLUGIN Data JU PREAMBLE LENGTH 16 Flags E PPDU HEADER LINK MAC PROTOCOL DATA UNIT C Priority s 8 NPDU HEADER NETWORK PROTOCOL DATA UNIT BR TPDU HEADER TRANSPORT PROTOCOL DATA UNIT C lternate Path APDU APPLICATION PROTOCOL DATA UNIT General Packet Information Packet Number 1 Time 2006 01 13 14 50 29 597000 Length 10 DataLength 1 TXNunber 0 aa CTAuthenticated lol arpzication Message or Response OG 10051 Data0000 FF Service Acknowledged cre 5194 Address and Message Information Domain PLUGIN Domain Source PLUGIN Source Destination PLUGIN Destination Message PLUGIN Message Type PLUGIN Data Line 0x01 pos Data Line 0x02 PLUGIN Data Line 0x03 0000 oo oo 01 81 01 00 BB FF 94 si
91. s not checked e 0 0 Sender is unconfigured e subnet all source addresses with that subnet e subnet node number only packets with that source address e node name sender has to be that specific node The Destination Address field specifies the allowed receiver s of the packet It can be entered in one of the following formats e destination address is not checked e Of all domain wide broadcasts e subnet all destination addresses with that subnet e subnet node number only packets with that destination address e group packets with that group as destination address e NID packets with that NID as destination address e node name that node has to be one of the receiver s LOYTEC electronics GmbH 45 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Note that apart from decimal or hexadecimal numbers also symbolic names from the packet converter can be used for subnets and groups When you use a symbolic node name as the destination address every packet that addresses that node will match this address entry regardless of the packet s address format Let s say you specify the node Lampl in the packet converter with the NID 0x001122334455 in the domain 0x00 with subnet node number 1 1 and the groups 0 1 amp 2 If you then enter Lamp as the destination address every packet with the following characteristics will match that address entry broadcasts in domain 0x00 br
92. see Figure 12 Before assigning the device you can click on Get Info to check the device name type interface list and location Finally select a logical device NIC IP 1 NIC_IP_8 and click on Assign to assign the device To automatically assign all currently discovered devices click on Auto Assign in the NIC IP Assignment and Configuration window Figure 12 You can sort the discovered devices first by clicking on a specific column header in the device table The assignments can be cleared loaded and saved using the buttons Clear Clear All Load and Save By clicking on Wink you can cause the selected NIC IP to blink with some LEDs in different colors This can be used to locate a specific NIC IP in the network When all devices are assigned click on OK In the Network Interface selection dialog the assigned devices will appear as NIC_IP_1 NIC IP 2 etc see Figure 1 2 3 5 Multiplexed Network Interfaces MNI Devices The NIC PCI NIC USB NIC IP and NIC852 network interfaces can be used in a Multiplexed Network Interface mode Each physical network interface is represented by 8 Multiplexed Network Interfaces MNI devices This means that you can start up to 8 different applications running on the same physical network interface at a time These virtual interfaces behave like nodes on a virtual channel connected to the physical channel via the physical n
93. t essential ones By clicking on Adjust Columns the width of all columns is adjusted to the currently displayed packet data Packet Filtering and Conversion When clicking on Display Filter on Domain a packet display filter is setup automatically that only shows packets from the domain of the currently selected packet When clicking on Display Filter on Source only packets that are transmitted or received by the source node are displayed When clicking on Display Filter on Destination only packets that are transmitted to or from the destination node subnet or group are displayed To disable the display filter and show all packets again Enable Display Filter must be unchecked The last used filter can be reactivated by checking Enable Display Filter By clicking on Source Converter Entry the packet converter for the selected source node is invoked This can be used to change converter entries or setup new converter entries for unconverted nodes For more information on packet filters and converters refer to Sections 5 2 and 5 3 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 34 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA Switch Packet and Protocol Details on off Note that when both packet and protocol details are shown they are displayed side by side at the bottom of the log window see Figure 27 Mark Hide Packets Here you can mark and unmark single packets as well as ranges of packets in the packet table This is also possible
94. t point to a string character array that contains the line to be added The parameter InsNo specifies a line number where the new line shall be inserted If InsNo is set to LPAR END the line is appended at the end of the report LOYTEC electronics GmbH 68 LPA Manual 6 External Applications The folder SOURCE LpaRpt in your LPA installation folder contains the full source code of the English and German LOYTEC Report DLLs Both projects are integrated in the Visual C solution file LpaRpt sin A translation to a different language can easily be performed by only translating one of the files LpaRptLocEng h or LpaRptLocGer h Changes in the structure of the report file can be made in LpaRpt c The finished DLL must then be named properly and copied to the RPTTYPE folder When starting the LPA the DLL is automatically added to the available report types LOYTEC electronics GmbH 69 LPA Manual 7 Revision History 7 Revision History Date Version Author Description 11 05 2000 2 3 AB Initial Version 22 01 2001 2 4 AB New Features of LPA v2 4 11 12 2001 2 5 AB New Features of LPA v2 5 23 07 2002 2 6 AB New Features of LPA v2 6 02 06 2003 2 7 AB Added Section 2 3 Network Interface and Transceiver Selection LPA IP Additions LPA running on NIC852 see 2 3 2 and 2 3 3 Support of Multiplexed Network Interfaces MNI Devices see 2 3 5 Minor changes in other sections
95. the selected node Lighting 1 resides in domain Building A subnet Subnet 1 6 and is a member of group 0x09 Subnet node and group numbers are displayed in decimal or hexadecimal according to the current display options of the observed log see Section 5 4 The tables can be sorted by clicking on the column headers Stacked sorting can be performed by clicking on several column headers starting with the least LOYTEC electronics GmbH 51 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA significant and ending on the most significant column to sort by The width of each column can be adjusted to fit all contained cells by double clicking on the right border of the corresponding column header Following is a description of all columns of the four tables Table Domains Column Domain domain number or name according to converter Columns Subnets Groups Nodes number of subnets groups and nodes in the domain Column Senders number of nodes that primarily initiate transactions Column Receivers number of nodes that primarily respond to initiated transactions Column Silent number of detected nodes that have never transmitted a packet Column Packets number of packets sent in this domain Column Al Path number of alternate path packets sent in this domain Table Subnets Column Domain domain the subnet resides in Column Subnet subnet number and name ac
96. ting a packet log some settings concerning the mode of packet capturing and display can be done by selecting menu Profile Log Mode or clicking on the button Ut The corresponding dialog box is shown in Figure 35 Packet Storage Mode O Stop when Buffer full Buffer Size in KByte 8192 O Wrap Around Buffer Trend Size 1week 15MB ze Wrap Around Buffer and Record to File C ProgrammeSLOYTEC LPASLOG est pre Choose File Name Maximum File Size in MByte 1024 On line Mode Enable On line Mode J Only Statistics On line Disable On line Mode Update every 1 s Figure 35 Log Mode Packet Storage Mode Here you can specify where to store incoming packets and how much memory shall be utilized as a packet buffer Additionally the buffer size for the statistics trend see Section 5 8 must be setup in the field Trend Size Three modes are available for packet storage Stop when Buffer full means that the logging process is stopped automatically when the packet buffer is full In the Wrap around Buffer mode the oldest packets in memory are always overwritten by incoming new ones The amount of main memory to be used as the packet buffer in Kbytes up to 128 MB can be selected at the top right corner of the dialog In the third mode Wrap around Buffer and Record to File you can additionally store all captured packets to a packet recording file A packet recording file prc is a binary file which sto
97. tion and Setup Note that you must assign at least one member of the new channel to add the channel persistently By clicking on Wink you can make the selected L IP blink with some LEDs in different colors This can be used to locate a specific L IP in the network Note that this feature is only available with L IP firmware version 2 2 or higher When all devices are assigned click on OK In the Network Interface selection dialog the assigned devices will appear as LIP OI LIP 02 etc see Figure 1 It is not necessary to select a transceiver for L IP devices since the transceiver is determined by the physical configuration of the L IP However when the Interface Settings dialog is invoked it shows the EIA709 transceiver for the currently selected L IP see Figure 11 The PORT in this case is only a property of the physical connection between the transceiver and the corresponding L Chip on the L IP and can therefore be ignored Interface Settings Transceiver Settings Transceiver 9 PORT 2 Comment Free Topology Transceiver Figure 11 Transceiver Display for L IP Note that the time stamps shown in the packet log window for an L IP device are generated within the L IP local time of the L IP If the time stamps are incorrect please make sure to adjust the time in the observed L IP device Refer to the L IP documentation for more information 2 3 4 NIC IP Devices Prior to using a NIC IP it must be c
98. to cac 8C2D 11 22 0000 00 06 03 81 01 11 is BSS ZD sc Packet Details Protocol Details Figure 27 Log Window In the Number column small triangles identify corresponding packets of a transaction When the triangle is pointed left it indicates the first packet of the transaction For subsequent packets the triangle is pointed right Further all packets belonging to the same transaction as the currently selected packet are marked blue Time stamps have a resolution of 1us for NIC709 network interfaces Other network interface types may have lower time stamp accuracy see Section 2 3 Note that time stamping is done at the beginning start bit of every packet In the Source and Destination column a slash separates the subnet from the node number or NID e g lt subnet gt lt node number gt groups are prelimited by a pound character lt group gt and broadcasts are indicated by an asterisk e g lt Subnet gt or Each packet that contains a protocol error of any kind e g CRC error is colored red in the packet table and the corresponding error is shown in the Data column of the packet For SNVT Standard Network Variable Type messages the converted value is shown in the Data column instead of just the raw bytes The SNVT of a network variable must be entered in the node editor of the packet converter see Section 5 2 in order to make these conversions possible Packet Details This
99. to specify the domain ID of every subnet Subnet IDs can be entered in decimal e g 123 or hexadecimal form e g OxAB The domain ID can be entered as a symbolic domain name defined in the domain table of the packet converter or as a hexadecimal value as described above Groups Here you can assign group names to group IDs in the same fashion Group IDs can be entered in decimal e g 123 or hexadecimal form e g OXAB just like subnet IDs Nodes This is the table at the bottom of the converter form To edit a node you have to click on Edit Node or double click in the corresponding line of the node table You can also copy an existing node by clicking on Copy Node In both cases the node editor is invoked as shown in Figure 37 LOYTEC electronics GmbH 40 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA Node Control Unit Node Name Control Unit NID 000000000002 ETE Domain Table 0 Domain Table 1 Domain ID Domain ID Building A Building B v Subnet adeNr Subnet NodeNr Floor02 5 e Groups Groups C Add Network Variables NY Name Direction Selector SNYT Destination Motor Speed Out 1 SNYT motor state Light Intensity Out 2 SNVT lux Switch1 In 61 SNYT switch Select SNYT Figure 37 Node Editor Node Name NID and Node Info Here you can edit the name of the node and its NID Unique Node ID NIDs must always be entered in hexadecimal form in the following format acc
100. tus bar 4 8 Packet Log Files A packet log file is created whenever you select menu File Save click on the button F or select menu File Save As By default it has the extension plg The file contains all captured packets of that log not only the ones that have passed the display filter which are visible in the log window see Section 5 3 In addition to packet data the following information is stored in a packet log file the path of the packet converter file if present see Section 5 3 the path of the display filter file if present see Section 5 3 the number of the currently active line in the packet table of the log window LOYTEC electronics GmbH 35 LPA Manual 4 Using the LPA the display options see Section 5 4 the width and visibility of the packet table columns the appearance of packet and protocol details in the log window marked and hidden packets the statistics trend only in log files from LPA 3 0 or higher see Section 5 8 some additional statistics values only in log files from LPA 3 0 or higher display options of the statistics window only in log files from LPA 3 0 or higher Note that whenever you store an existing log file these values will be rewritten When you open a log file by selecting menu File Open or clicking on al the corresponding converter and filter files are opened if found in the stored paths You can also use pack
101. unction returns LPACLI OK If there is no packet in the queue the function returns LPACLI NO PACKET If a fatal error has occurred the function returns LPACLI COULD NOT START From the file LpaPFmt h which is included in LpaCli h only the declaration of LpaPacket t is needed for LPA Clients The other declarations are required for LPA Plug Ins only see Section 6 3 The type of the LoaPacket_t structure is declared as follows LpaPFmt h typedef struct LpaPacket t LPA packet information textual packet information char AbsoluteTime 32 absolute time stamp char ColLength 10 column Length in LPA packet table char ColFlags 16 column Flags in LPA packet table char ColTXNo 8 column TX4 in LPA packet table char ColDomain 33 column Domain in LPA packet table char ColSource 128 column Source in LPA packet table char ColDestination 128 column Destination in LPA packet table char ColService 16 column Service in LPA packet table char ColData 1024 column Data in LPA packet table numeric packet data BYTE RawPacket 8192 raw packet from priority bit to CRC DWORD Length length of packet from first byte to CRC DWORD MessageStart start of APDU 0 if no APDU additional packet information DWORD PacketId packet ID DWORD PreambleLength number of preamble bits before packet LONG TimeStampSec seco
102. w It displays information about the currently active log or the last active log if no active log is present at the moment Figure 30 shows the status bar of the LPA Log No Active Log Interface Off line Packets 523 523 CRC Err 0 Lost 0 Figure 30 Status Bar Log Here you can see the status of the active log Possible values are No Active Log no log is present at the moment Not Running active log is present but packets are not being logged at the moment Running On line incoming packets are being logged and can be seen in the log window and Running Off line packets are being logged but the log window is not being updated at the moment The log status changes whenever you select menu Packet Start Log menu Packet Pause Update or menu Packet Pause Log It is also influenced by the log mode settings see Section 5 1 Transceiver This is the field next to the Log field The transceiver selected in the interface settings is shown here when a log is running When no log is running the message Interface Off line is displayed Packets Here you can see the number of packets that have passed the packet capture filter see Section 5 3 and the number of all incoming packets in the form lt captured gt lt all gt This way you can always keep track of the actual number of logged and captured packets even if the packet statistics see Section 5 5 are not shown or have been cleared at
103. whether it is an input or LOYTEC electronics GmbH 41 LPA Manual 5 Advanced Features of the LPA output network variable Possible values are i T or In for input and o O or Out for output The selector identifies a network variable uniquely within the network It can be entered in decimal e g 12345 or hexadecimal form eg OXOABC Entries of the network variable table can be edited directly by pressing RETURN or clicking into a selected field of the table You can delete a network variable by selecting the NV Name column of the corresponding line and hitting DEL You can insert a line the same way by pressing INS The SNVT Standard Network Variable Type is used to interpret network variable update messages of the corresponding network variable Converted values of such messages are shown both in the packet table and the packet detail area of the log window The SNVT can be entered directly name or number It can also be chosen from a list of available SNVTs by clicking on the button Select SNVT or double clicking into the corresponding field and selecting one of the available SNVTs If you don t want to specify a SNVT for a network variable just leave the SNVT field blank The Destination field is used to distinguish multiple outgoing network variables using the same selector The destination address can be entered in one of the following formats e domain index 0 network varia
104. ymbolic network variable name or a message name button Choose If you don t want any message to be transported in the packet you have to select APDU with Length 0 Otherwise you can then enter additional data in hexadecimal form at the bottom of the panel e g a network variable update value When you click on OK the packet will be created and written to the Packet field in the simulation dialog box see Figure 47 5 10 Packet Recording Files Packet recording files are binary files that store packet data on line during the logging process They have the extension prc by default To create a packet recording file you have to select Wrap Around Buffer and Record to File in the log mode settings menu Profile Log Mode and then start the log menu Packet Start Log All captured packets are then written directly to the packet recording file The advantage of packet recording files over normal packet log files is that you can record packets until virtually all harddisc space is utilized up to 16 GB whereas packet log files can only store the packets that are located in main memory up to 128 MB The disadvantage is that you cannot open a packet recording file directly you have to start a new log from file instead Packets can be logged from packet recording files in two modes normal mode menu Packet Start Log from File and trace mode menu Packet Start Log from File trace In normal mo

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