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R&S®FSWP-K30 Noise Figure User Manual

1. 44 Step size 44 StoprequeriGy ito sto lala 44 Suffixes Remote commands eite sianid d nibus 91 Sweep ADO ies T Time remote SWEEP MET dasson ert oa end T TCP IP Address External generator sssssssss 71 External generator eiii ii 70 Temperature 102 Trace AAA e TT Configuration ns Mode iosi 1 090 Preset ns iei m 78 TACO EXPOR mimica nd dada 78 Traces COPYING po 78 Copying remote control ssseeees 151 Mode remote EEN 149 Traces to be Checked Limit Hr 86 TTL handshake see TTL synchronization tee emnes 71 TTL synchronization External generator cmo 71 TUNING mode a ions a A ce CD 24 43 U User manuals rc ttt nte poteras 8 V View filter Limit lines cet tec Rte Loses 86 Visible Limit liN S sisan e Ion Recte diced 86 Ww Window title bar information eeeeeeees 13 Windows Adding remote coria 98 Closing remote otro e te eon Peas 101 103 Bree EE 42 Layout remote 101 Maximizing remote A 105 Querying remote s t issiron 100 Replacing femote cocina nai 101 Splitting remote 105 Types remote metet d 98 Y Y axis Limit NES iuc rte rrr rene 88 YIG preselector Activating Deactivating se Activating Deactivating remote
2. General Window Commands The result of this command is identical to the LAYout REMove NINDow command Example LAY WIND2 REM Removes the result display in window 2 Usage Event LAYout WINDow lt n gt REPLace lt WindowType gt This command changes the window type of an existing window specified by the suffix lt n gt in the active measurement channel The result of this command is identical to the LAYout REPLace WNINDow com mand To add a new window use the LAYout NINDow lt n gt ADD command Parameters lt WindowType gt Type of measurement window you want to replace another one with See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 for a list of available window types Example LAY WIND2 REPL MTAB Replaces the result display in window 2 with a marker table General Window Commands The following commands are required to configure general window layout independent of the application DISPIa FOR Malone ii a 104 DISPlayEWINDowri SIZE ino a 105 DISPlay FORMat lt Format gt This command determines which tab is displayed Parameters lt Format gt SPLit Displays the MultiView tab with an overview of all active chan nels SINGle Displays the measurement channel that was previously focused RST SING Example DISP FORM SPL 7 6 Measurement Results DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SIZE Size This command maximizes the size of the selected r
3. OFF 0 1 RST 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 78 Working with Traces FORMat DEXPort TRACes lt Selection gt This command selects the data to be included in a data export file see MMEMO 1 y STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 151 Parameters Selection SINGIe Only a single trace is selected for export namely the one speci fied by the MMEMor y STORe lt n gt TRACe command ALL Selects all active traces and result tables e g Result Summary marker peak list etc in the current application for export to an ASCII file The trace parameter for the MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe command is ignored RST SINGle Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 78 MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe lt Trace gt lt FileName gt This command exports trace data from the specified window to an ASCII file Secure User Mode In secure user mode settings that are to be stored on the instrument are stored to vol atile memory which is restricted to 256 MB Thus a Memory full error may occur although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available To store data permanently select an external storage location such as a USB memory device For details see Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode in the Data Manage ment section of the R amp S FSWP User Manual Parameters lt Trace gt Number of the trace to be stored lt FileName
4. SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTinuous on page 107 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency SINGle on page 107 Center Defines the center of the measurement frequency range Defining the Measurement Frequency If you change the center frequency the application will change the start and stop fre quency according to the span you have set The Center setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command Frequency list measurement SENSe FREQuency CENter on page 108 Single frequency measurement SENSe FREQuency SING1le on page 109 Span Defines the measurement span If you change the span the application will change the start frequency the stop fre quency and the stepsize according to the center frequency and the measurement points The Span setting is also available via the SPAN key Remote command SENSe FREQuency SPAN on page 109 Start and Stop Frequency Defines the start and stop frequencies If you change the start or stop frequency the application will change the center fre quency the span and the measurement points according to the stop or start frequency and the stepsize The Start and Stop settings are also available via the FREQ key Remote command Start frequency SENSe FREQuency STARt on page 110 Stopf frequency SENSe FREQuency STOP on page 110 Measurement Points Defines the measurement points In case of frequency list measurements the number of measur
5. Configuring the Noise Source The Noise Source button or the ENR Settings softkey open a dialog to configure the characteristics of the noise source It is necessary to specify characteristics of the noise source you are using as close as possible in order to get accurate measurement results The noise source characteris tics are used to calculate the effective noise temperature of the noise source The noise source characteristics should be supplied by its manufacturer e Selecting the Type of Noise SOLITO ed eot o eene ttt ob SAS 49 e Defining the Noise Source Characteristics eese 50 e Using an ENR or Temperature Table 52 Selecting the Type of Noise Source The application allows you to use different kinds of noise sources depending on the type of measurement you would like to perform e Diode Selects a noise source with diode characteristics The frequency characteristics of the noise source are defined by the Excess Noise ratio ENR e Resistor Selects a test setup that uses two resistors which act as a noise source One of the resistors has a low noise or ambient temperature a cold resistor the other has a high noise or ambient temperature a hot resistor The noise characteristics of the resistor are defined by its noise temperatures Thot and Tg Thot is temperature of the resistor when it is turned on Toja is the temperature of the resistor when it is turned off You can select the type of
6. DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 168 Search Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the minimum of the trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 168 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 169 Limit Line Settings and Functions Search Next Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next higher minimum of the selected trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 167 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 167 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt on page 168 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 169 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum LEFT on page 169 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum RIGHt on page 170 Marker to Single Frequency Starts a single frequency measurement on the current marker position When you use this function the application changes the tuning mode and automati cally adjusts the single frequency to that of the current marker position For more information see chapter 4 1 3 Single Frequency Measurements on page 25 6 4 Limit Line Settings and Functions Access Overview gt Analysis gt Lines The noise figure measurement application supports up to eight active limit lin
7. E 71 Generator Type Selects the generator type and thus defines the generator setup file to use Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE on page 144 Interface Type of interface connection used The following interfaces are currently supported Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP e GPIB e TCP IP not by all generators For details on which signal generators support which interfaces see the documenta tion of the corresponding signal generator Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator INTerface on page 144 TTL Handshake Turning the TTL handshake on and off has no effect for Noise Figure measurements GPIB Address TCP IP Address For LAN connections TCP IP address of the signal generator For GPIB connections GPIB address of the signal generator Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB RDEVice GENerator ADDRess on page 144 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDRess on page 145 Reference Selects the internal R amp S FSWP or an external frequency reference to synchronize the R amp S FSWP with the generator default internal Remote command SOURce EXTernal ROSCillator SOURce on page 144 Edit Generator Setup File Displays the setup file for the currently selected Generator Type in read only mode in an editor Although the existing setup files are displayed in read only mode in the editor they can be saved under a different name using File SaveA
8. If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Peak Search on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum LEFT This command moves a delta marker to the next higher minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next higher minimum value Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command moves a delta marker to the minimum level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Search Minimum on page 83 Using the Status Register CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum RIGHt This command moves a delta marker to the next higher minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 7 19
9. If you are using more than one window the application performs the peak search in the window that you have selected with the suffix at CALCulate only Because the mark ers are linked the frequency position of the marker in the other windows is adjusted accordingly even if it means that the marker is on a peak in the selected window only CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz M AimumlEEFT nennen enne 168 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzMAximumNENT enne na sns nnns 168 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK esses 169 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzM AimumbRlcGHt 169 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkermz MiNimum LEET 169 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINiIMUM NEXT c 00cccccescccceesecesseseceeececescesseeeeeeenes 169 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m MlNimum PEAK eese 169 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarker mz MiNimum RICH 170 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum LEFT This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value The search includes only measurement values to the left of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next higher value Usage Event Working with Markers Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command moves a delta marker to the highest level
10. MODE DU NEE SENSe CONFigure MODE SYS Tem lF FREQuUenty rrt trn dE ani te rx enean 111 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO F REQUBnCY irn emet ote eaten e rok n e 111 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration MODE z criara pierre een uei ker ped dh ger a eoe P deae 113 SENSe ICORRection ENR CALibr tion SPOT rni ciue het pe E UE ee De ge ni eb ede ae Ee hs 113 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD essen ener eterne nennen 112 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT HOT sse nnne cnn n cnn arc nr narran 113 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLE SELEC isisi nissin e 114 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE SENSe CORRE ction ENR COMMON c iris ia Er eren LR ER de adn SENSe CORRection ENR MEAS rement MODE nan cc non c can no nennen 118 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT 118 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement GPOT COD 119 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT 119 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TADBL eDATA non nc nan cc anna cnn eene 115 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DELete ooocoincccinccnccconococoncconncnancconn cnn idadaan iiare 115 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLE LIST sssrinin iiid ia 116 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TADl e GE ect 116 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement AB e EMerature D I ete cece cece eeeerereeeneees 117 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TADl e TEMerature LIST 117 SENSe COR
11. Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the existing window By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows in the active measurement channel use the LAYout CATalog WINDow query lt WindowType gt Type of result display you want to use in the existing window See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 for a list of available window types Example LAY REPL WIND 1 MTAB Replaces the result display in window 1 with a marker table LAYout SPLitter lt Index1 gt lt Index2 gt lt Position gt This command changes the position of a splitter and thus controls the size of the win dows on each side of the splitter Compared to the DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SIZE on page 105 command the LAYout SPLitter changes the size of all windows to either side of the splitter per manently it does not just maximize a single window temporarily Note that windows must have a certain minimum size If the position you define con flicts with the minimum size of any of the affected windows the command will not work but does not return an error R amp S FSWP K30 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements y 100 x 100 y 100 1 01 GHz 102 12 dim x 0 y 0 x 100 Fig 7 1 SmartGrid coordinates for remote control of the splitters Parameters lt Index1 gt The index of one window the splitter controls lt Index2 gt The index of a window o
12. Populate Table Populates or restores the measurement frequencies based on the center frequency the start and stop frequencies the span the stepsize and the number of measurement points Remote command SENSe FREQuency LIST DATA on page 108 Insert Inserts a new measurement point above the one you have selected Delete Deletes the currently selected measurement point Import Export Opens a dialog box to select an ENR table to import or export An import copies the ENR table into the default ENR table directory An export copies the table to a location outside the default ENR table directory e g a memory stick The file extension has to be freq 5 3 Selecting DUT Characteristics The DUT button opens a dialog box to configure the characteristics of the DUT you are testing The dialog box contains a schematic overview of the DUT input and output characteristics and the way it is integrated into the test setup Selecting DUT Characteristics DUT Settings Mode Fixed LO Up Conv Mixe LO fixed 0 0 Hz e a Gaia 999 99 dB DC IF LO Fixed A per rere Peer E rernere er pence error freee re rerrerreee ricer rererce rere rte ere rererrere 48 Image Rejection cc eee ecce cede acoge uoo Ye EE aec ugue 49 Mode Selects the measurement mode The measurement mode you should use depends on the type of DUT you are testing For more information see chapter 4 3 DUT Types on page 28 Note For upconver
13. Results TRACe lt t gt DATA PCOLd Cal Y Factor Shows the ratio of the hot and the cold power measured during calibration 5 Cal Y Factor 10 0 MHz 11 pts799 0 MHz RF 8 0 GHz The Y factor indicates the quality of measurement tolerances and uncertainties To get the result the application measures the power with the noise source turned on hot power and the noise source turned off cold power but without the DUT inserted Y Factor Non off with Non Noise power dB with noise source on Nof Noise power dB with noise source off The vertical axis shows the linear relation The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH CYF see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA CYFactor CESA SN User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 20 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays Cal Power Hot Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input during the calibration measurement The noise source is turned on the DUT is not inserted 6 Cal Power hot 1 Clrw 10 0 MHz11 pts799 0 MHz RF 8 0 GHz The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH CPH See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA CPHot Cal Power Cold Shows the absolute power characteristics at
14. This is because the resolution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A D converter If automatic detection of the reference level is on the application performs a measure ment to determine the ideal reference level The time of this measurement depends on the state of the 2nd Stage Correction e 2nd Stage Correction is on The application determines the reference level before the calibration starts The reference level is based on several test measurements on the start frequency For more information see Auto Level Range on page 61 2nd Stage Correction is off Configuring the Analyzer The application determines the reference level before the measurement begins The reference level is based on the measurement of the first frequency that is measured After this measurement is done the application resumes the measure ment If manual selection of the reference level is on you can define the reference level in the corresponding input field Note Reference level Even for DUTs with a high ripple frequency response it might be useful to enter the reference level manually because determining the reference level automatically might not always result in optimal settings Remote command Manual reference level DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel on page 124 Automatic reference level DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO on page 124 Auto Level R
15. lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable CORRection ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the ENABle part of a register The ENABle part allows true conditions in the EVENt part of the status register to bere ported in the summary bit If a bit is 1 in the enable register and its associated event bit transitions to true a positive transition will occur in the summary bit reported to the next higher level Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel STATus OPERation NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable CORRection NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the Negative TRansition part of a register Setting a bit causes a 1 to O transition in the corresponding bit of the associated regis ter The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVEN register Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active
16. 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH NOIS see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA NFIGure Gain Shows the gain characteristics of the DUT The vertical axis shows the level of the gain in dB The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH GAIN see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA GAIN Noise Temperature Shows the noise temperature characteristics of the DUT PP KK User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 17 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays JEE Noise Temperature It B k with P Power B Bandwidth k Boltzmann constant The vertical axis shows the noise temperature in Kelvin The scale depends on the set tings in the Display Configuration dialog box 1 Noise Temperature Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH TEMP see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA TEMPerature Y Factor Shows the ratio of the hot and the cold power of the DUT The Y factor indicates the quality of measurement tolerances and uncertainties To get the result the application measures the DUT power with the noise source turned on hot power and the noise source turned off cold power Y Factor Non of
17. 112 offset frequencies as described above Parameters lt Denominator gt Correction factor without a unit RST 1 lt Numerator gt Correction factor without a unit RST 1 Offset Frequency offset RST 0 Default unit Hz Example SOUR EXT FREQ FACT NOM 2 SOUR EXT FREQ FACT DEN 2 5 Defines a frequency correction factor of 2 2 5 SOUR EXT FREQ OFFS2 100HZ Defines 100 Hz as the second frequency offset Manual operation See Frequency Coupling on page 73 SOURce EXTernal POWer LEVel Level This command sets the output power of the selected generator Parameters Level numeric value RST 20 dBm Example SOUR EXT POW 30dBm Sets the generator level to 30 dBm Manual operation See Source Power on page 73 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SOURce EXTernal ROSCillator SOURce lt Source gt This command controls selection of the reference oscillator for the external generator If the external reference oscillator is selected the reference signal must be connected to the rear panel of the instrument Parameters Source INTernal the internal reference is used EXTernal the external reference is used if none is available an error flag is displayed in the status bar RST INT Example SOUR EXT ROSC EXT Switches to external reference oscillator Manual operation See Reference on page 71 SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB RDEVice GENerator ADDRess Number
18. DENominator on page 142 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor NUMerator on page 142 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency OFFSet lt offset gt on page 142 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP Init External Generator Establishes a connection to generator and turns on its RF output You can establish the connection automatically before a measurement if Init Before Meas is on Note that you have to establish the connection in order to be able to perform a mea surement with the external generator Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise IMMediate on page 145 5 9 3 DC Power Output Configuration The configuration of the DC Power supply is the same as in the Phase Noise applica tion For a comprehensive description please refer to the R amp S FSWP User Manual 5 9 4 Signal Source Output Configuration The configuration of the optional signal source is the same as in the Phase Noise application For a comprehensive description please refer to the R amp S FSWP User Manual Configuring the Display 6 Analysis 6 1 6 1 1 This chapter contains all settings and parameters that the application provides to ana lyze and evaluate measurement results e Configuring the RUE EE 75 e Working With Trace 77 e Uema MaK I ti a ip d a 79 e Limit Lipe Settings and FUNCHONS conca AR 84 Configuring the Display The Display Configuration button or the Result Config softkey open a dialog box to configure t
19. DUT IN RL 25DB Defines a return loss of 25 dB Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the DUT input Using the Uncertainty Calculator Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 0 Example CALC UNC MATC DUT IN 1 1 Defines a VSWR of 1 1 at the DUT input Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the returns loss at the DUT output Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 50 0 dB Example CALC UNC MATC DUT OUT RL 40DB Defines a return loss of 40 dB at the DUT output Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the DUT output Parameters VSWR RST 1 0 Example CALC UNC MATC DUT OUT 2 0 Defines a VSWR of 2 0 at the DUT output Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the input of the preamplifier Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 13 98 dB Example CALC UNC MATC PRE RL 14 5DB Defines a return loss of 14 5 dB CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the input of the preamplifier The command is available if you have turned on the preamplifier with CALCulate
20. DUT noise level of 10 dB Manual operation See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults State This command turns automatic determination of the DUT characteristics for the calcu lation of the uncertainty on and off Parameters State ON The application calculates the uncertainty with the DUT charac teristics noise figure gain and frequency resulting from the noise figure measurement OFF The application calculates the uncertainty with the DUT charac teristics noise figure gain and frequency based on the values you have defined manually Example CALC UNC DATA RES ON Includes the uncertainty in the results displays Manual operation See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a calibration noise source This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters Uncertainty Uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST 0 1 dB Example CALC UNC ENR CAL UNC 0 05 Defines an uncertainty of 0 05 dB Using the Uncertainty Calculator Manual operation See ENR Uncert ainty on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD lt Uncertainty gt This command defines the uncertainty of a calibration noise source This
21. E RAR RE 161 DISPlay FORMat EE 104 DISPlay MINFEO STAT iuto iac i cu icon e icr re Ec Eee Ee E correre tha opes Re EHE 165 DISPlay MTABle DISPlayEWINDOWSRS SIZE cours A eaa i 105 DISPlay WINDowsn gt TRAGG SY OT EE 146 DiSblavlWiNDow cnzlTRACeglGCALel EE 147 DISPlayEWINDow lt h gt TRACe Y SCALOTAUTO cocotte rper ere tenere rte ad ada 147 DISPlayEWINbowsn TRAGeSUS MODE wv rie i paio irri a ccn rotes 149 DiSblavfWiNDow nz TRACectGvlGCAletpO Tom nennen nnne 147 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO coocoonccccnoccccnooccccnoncccnnonononannnnnnnnnnn nano ncnnanaccnna nes 124 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y ESCALe TOP nennen nennen nennt nnn nn inne 148 DISPlayEWINDow lt n gt TRACS lt gt ESTATOL ccoo ma eter ere 149 FORMat DEXPort DSEParator iie isis dena m Y FORMat DEXPort TRACES 3 Dee tenete at FORMat EE INmate lt n gt CON eege EC INI Tiatesnz SEQUencer ABORLE EE 138 INITiate n2 SEQuencer IMMediate sess nennen nennen nennen enemies nnne e eerte nenne ennenen 138 INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer MODE Jl MEIER TEE A PPP O INPUECOU Pl E IST IK EEN EE SAS e o o o O Eaa EErEE RAEDT lee INPut GAIN VALue NEIE INSTrument CREateiDUPlLicale idonee re ee AREA 95 INS Trument CREate Ee 96 INSTrument CREate E E 95 INSTr r
22. Ex eoe dva 41 R RBW amaste ias 59 see Resolution Bandwidth AA 36 Reference frequency External generator ninia 71 Reference level iii il 60 Remote commands O AA rone erre 90 Booleanivalles ina tete eter ii cad 93 CapitalizZatlOn scott 91 Character data rrr hne Been 94 Data DIOCKS A rte mee reet 94 Numeric values ctr rr nr ierit 93 Optional keywords 2 1 eet ded eed Parameters SWINGS tnis lu E TEE Resolution bandwidth ep use e Restoring Channel settings rrt 41 Results Data format remote RF attenuation Room temperature erento re erra natn RUN CONT ROY ii H 67 RUN SINGLE crm 68 S Saving Bug H 88 Sensitivity RB Weiss aia tal 36 Sequence cine 12 O A en iessen EES 138 Activating remote iws 138 Mode remote vee 190 Remote vag 187 SOHO AMS xine ct mt E 59 Setup files External generator ccccccceeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaee 70 71 Shift x Bug HE 88 Shift y Bu d H 88 Single sweep SOMO cara 68 Softkeys Continuous SWEEP E 67 Dile CON sunrise 84 Misas 83 Next MIN mcm 84 A cave eadcdsatsauecieicataceavesstateenty 83 Nortm B6ella eii dina dali tes 81 I asocian ion 83 SINS WO SD siii allan iia 68 rM EN 44 Specifics for Configuration 42 Start frequency
23. Example CALC UNC COMM ON Applies the values of the calibration noise source to those of the measurement noise source Manual operation See Common Source for Meas and Cal on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA FREQuency Frequency This command defines the frequency for which the uncertainty should be calculated This command is available if you have turned automatic determination of the DUT characteristics off with CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults Parameters Frequency Frequency of the DUT RST 1 GHz Example CALC UNC DATA FREQ 100MHZ Defines a frequency of 100 MHz Manual operation See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA GAIN Gain This command defines the gain of the DUT This command is available if you have turned automatic determination of the DUT characteristics off with CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults Parameters Gain Gain of the DUT RST 0 dB Example CALC UNC DATA GAIN 5DB Defines a DUT gain of 5 dB Using the Uncertainty Calculator Manual operation See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA NOISe lt NoiseLevel gt This command defines the noise level of the DUT This command is available if you have turned automatic determination of the DUT characteristics off with CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults Parameters lt NoiseLevel gt Noise level of the DUT RST 0 dB Example CALC UNC DATA NOIS 10DB Defines a
24. FSWP follow the SCPI syntax rules e Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next com mand starts executing overlapping command is indicated as an Asynchronous command e Reset values RST Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument RST command are indicated as RST values if available e Default unit This is the unit used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the parame ter e Manual operation If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation a link to the description is inserted 7 2 2 Long and Short Form The keywords have a long and a short form You can use either the long or the short form but no other abbreviations of the keywords The short form is emphasized in upper case letters Note however that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual For the instrument the case does not matter Example SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as SENS FREQ CENT 7 2 3 Numeric Suffixes Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instances of an object In that case the suffix selects a particular instance e g a mea surement window Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets lt n gt next to the keyword If you don t quote a suffix for keywords that support one a 1 is a
25. GAIN Queries gain reuslts NOISe Queries noise figure results PCOLd Queries power cold results PHOT Queries power hot results TEMPerature Queries noise temperature results YFACtor Queries y factor results Return values Position Position of the delta marker in relation to the reference marker or the fixed reference Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for its end CALC DELT2 ON Switches on delta marker 2 CALC DELT2 Y Outputs measurement value of delta marker 2 Usage Query only Manual operation See Marker Table on page 22 Configuring Markers E m e bae Ec EE 165 BIS Play MAB n 166 DISPlay MINFo STAT lt DisplayMode gt This command turns the marker information in all diagrams on and off 7 18 4 Working with Markers Parameters lt DisplayMode gt ON Displays the marker information in the diagrams OFF Hides the marker information in the diagrams RST ON Example DISP MINF OFF Hides the marker information Manual operation See Marker Info on page 82 DISPlay MTABle lt DisplayMode gt This command turns the marker table on and off Parameters lt DisplayMode gt ON Turns the marker table on OFF Turns the marker table off AUTO Turns the marker table on if 3 or more markers are active RST AUTO Example DISP MTAB ON Activates the marker table Manual operation
26. Galeuletot ie b EE 127 Performing Measurements EE 135 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs osrin e 140 Connguning he DISplay rossu deeg 146 Working with TACOS E 148 Working Wih mt Ei uscar cdo dla oma ac ota ex ua 152 Working with EC 160 Using the Status ROgISten occiso 170 Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements 176 7 1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes The remote commands for the Noise Figure Measurement application support the fol lowing suffixes R amp S FSWP K30 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements 7 2 Suffix Value range Description lt k gt 1 8 Selects a limit line lt m gt 1 4 Selects a marker or delta marker lt n gt 1 16 Selects a measurement window lt t gt 1 4 Selects a trace Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instru ment or software They operate its functions setting commands or events and request information query commands Some commands can only be used in one way others work in two ways setting and query If not indicated otherwise the com mands can be used for settings and queries The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and in most cases one or more parameters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the command contains a parameter A header contains one or more keywords separated by a
27. If the corresponding marker number is cur rently active as a deltamarker it is turned into a normal marker Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK3 ON Switches on marker 3 Manual operation See Marker Type on page 81 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe Trace This command selects the trace the marker is positioned on Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank If necessary the command activates the marker first Parameters Trace 1to4 Trace number the marker is assigned to Example CALC MARK3 TRAC 2 Assigns marker 3 to trace 2 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X Position This command moves a marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command activates the marker If the marker has been used as a delta marker the command turns it into a normal marker Note that markers have to be positioned on a discrete frequency that is part of the fre quency list If you set the marker on a frequency not included in the frequency list the application positions the marker to the nearest frequency in the list rounding up or down Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis The unit is Hz Range The range depends on the current x axis range Example CALC MARK2 X 1 7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1 7 MHz Working with Markers CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y lt Resul
28. SOURce VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the noise source output If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 15 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR 1 4 Defines a VSWR of 1 4 Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp GAIN lt Gain gt This command define the gain of an external preamplifier that may be part of the test setup Parameters lt Gain gt Gain of the preamplifier Refer to the data sheet of the preamplifier to determine its gain RST 20 dB Example CALC UNC PRE GAIN 15DB Defines a gain of 15 dB CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp NOISe lt NoiseLevel gt This command defines the noise level of an external preamplifier that may be part of the test setup Parameters lt NoiseLevel gt Noise level of the preamplifier Refer to the data sheet of the preamplfier to determine its noise level RST 5 dB Example CALC UNC PRE NOIS 10DB Defines a noise level of 10 dB CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp STATe lt State gt This command includes or excludes an external preamplifier from the uncertainty cal culation If the test setup uses an external preamplifier you also have to define its noise figure and gain values Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC UNC P
29. See Marker Table Display on page 81 Positioning Markers If you are using more than one window the application performs the peak search in the window that you have selected with the suffix at CALCulate only Because the mark ers are linked the frequency position of the marker in the other windows is adjusted accordingly even if it means that the marker is on a peak in the selected window only CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXiMUM LEFT ccccssscecescececescesseseeeceucceceeseeteeeeeesaneeeaes 166 CAL Culate nz M AbkermzMAximumNENT en nnnh eset snas nes en sna 167 CAL Culate nzM Abkercm M AXimumf PDEAK nnne nnne 167 CAL Culate nz M AbkercmzM AximumbRlGHt eee ee nennen ssh nn nian 167 CAL Culate nz M Abkermz MiNimumNENT enne sensns nenas sten sni 167 CAL Culate nz M Abkermmz MiNimum LEET 167 CALCulate n MARKer m MlNimum PEAK cesses neni 168 CAL Culate nz M Abker mmz MiNimum BIG 168 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT This command moves a marker to the next lower peak Working with Markers The search includes only measurement values to the left of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next lower peak Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum PEAK Th
30. TEE 137 NS 137 NiTiate lt h SEQUENCOTABORE EEN 138 INiTiate lt n gt SEQuencerIMMediate esent ena nn snas nnn ssa 138 INITiate n SEQuencer MODE 2 nnna anie na Rn n n ana Ra paa cea Nada nd a RR Ra Ana Saa nnn e 138 BENSE CONFigure e CHE 139 SENSe CONFig re MEASUremehl 1x Irae ra i aa RAP aos ab RR Peas 139 ASTM SEQUE ESA 140 ABORt This command aborts the measurement in the current measurement channel and resets the trigger system To prevent overlapping execution of the subsequent command before the measure ment has been aborted successfully use the OPC or wAT command after ABOR and before the next command For details see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSWP User Manual To abort a sequence of measurements by the Sequencer use the INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer ABORt command Note on blocked remote control programs If a sequential command cannot be completed for example because a triggered sweep never receives a trigger the remote control program will never finish and the remote channel to the R amp S FSWP is blocked for further commands In this case you must interrupt processing on the remote channel first in order to abort the measurement To do so send a Device Clear command from the control instrument to the R amp S FSWP on a parallel channel to clear all currently active remote channels Depending on the used interface and protocol send the following commands e Vis
31. UNCertainty PREamp STATe on page 134 Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 5 Example CALC UNC MATC PRE 1 8 Defines a VSWR of 1 8 Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the calibration noise source output This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 15 Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR CAL 1 4 Defines a VSWR of 1 4 Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the calibration noise source output This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 23 13 dB Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR CAL RL 20DB Defines a return loss of 20 dB Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the noise source output If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 23 13 dB Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR RL 20DB Defines a return loss of 20 dB Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh
32. Using the Status Register The status reporting system stores information about the current state of the R amp S FSWP This includes for example information about errors during operation or information about limit checks The R amp S FSWP stores this information in the status registers and in the error queue You can query the status register and error queue via IEC bus The R amp S FSWP K30 features several status registers that are specific to noise figure measurements Here is a description of those including the corresponding remote commands e Status Registers for Noise Figure Measurements AAA 170 7 19 1 Status Registers for Noise Figure Measurements The figure below shows the status registers of the noise figure application Using the Status Register amp logic AND 15 notusea notused bacor D ofall bis g for ech D H H D H 7 correcing D s a MEASurng 3 Misshgioss or ENR values H E 5 H P NO CORRectbn TATus OPERaton STATus QUE tona bie CORRection H d h e Fosmss E ESB o P of used t oT E Ewe nn H H a D SRE zm 11 Correction H D IMR D CAUbraton UNCAL UMES FAIL g LIMR7 FAIL 5 LIVRE FAIL D LIMES FAIL DH LIMR 4 FAIL D LIMA 3 FAIL D LIME2 FAIL LIME 1 FAIL a PPE i STATUS QUE Stionabie STATus QUE Stiona Bie LiMit lt n gt 13Thiag D E mu WW Bw _ a ji Error Event Output Fig 7 2 Status registers for noise figure measurements The R amp S FSWP struc
33. WINDow Spectrum LEFT MTABle Parameters may have different forms of values e N mene VAES iaa dias 93 e BON oia die 93 JOBSrSctek DAA EE 94 e ee cc E cce A Genesee ee eee 94 e Block Dala sica a ai 94 7 2 6 1 7 2 6 2 Introduction Numeric Values Numeric values can be entered in any form e with sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the com mand uses the basic unit Example with unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in case of discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special Cases e MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported e DEF Defines the default value e UP DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step The step size depends on the setting In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding command Querying numeric values When you query numeric values the system returns a number In case of physical quantities it applies the basic unit e g Hz in case of frequencies The number of dig its after the decimal point depends on the type of num
34. and result type were fix CALCulate LIMit TRACe now assigns the limit line to a trace 1 to 4 CALCulate MARKer TRACe CALCulate DELTamarker TRACe The parameters NOISe GAIN NMEM1 3 and GMEM1 3 have been replaced by1 2 3 4 because no distinction is made between memory and live trace CONFigure ARRay MEMory TRACe COPY No more distinction between memory and live traces CONFigure SINGle CONFigure FREQuency SINGle DISPlay ARRay MEMory STATe DISPlay CURRent DATA STATe DISPlay WINDow TRACe STATe No more distinction between memory and live traces DISPlay DATA TRACe LAYout system DISPlay FORMat DISPlay WINDow TABLe LAYout WINDow REPLace LAYout REPLace WINDow Functionality not supported any more FETCh command system TRACE DATA SENSe SWEep POINts SENSe FREQuency CW FIXed SENSe FREQuency POINts SENSe FREQuency SINGle List of Remote Commands Noise Figure SENSe BANDwidth RESOMMION 2200108 toto dett EENS ete ec leet 125 SENSe GONFigure CON De 139 SENSe CONFigure CORRE CON EE 123 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTinUoUs cit re trn tenent te retten lee oe Eae Run 107 SENSe GONFIg re FREGQuency SIINGIG citro tiir rper a SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuous SENSe CONFigure WIS T SINGIEG 2 2 21 aria eo EE ce E M ee ta dte eee ISENS ICONFIGUre MEASUrEME E SENSe CONFigtire
35. ee eee ae ae eeeeeeeeteteceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeed 131 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCH DUTININSWET AA 131 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh DUT OUTRL non 132 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh DUT OUT MNSWRL A 132 CALOCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp RL isses ener 132 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh PREamplVGWn nennen 132 CALOCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURcCe CALibration VW 133 CALOCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURcCe CALibration RL eeeeeeeseeeeeeeeee seen 133 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURCe RL eeeeeee eee en nennen iine tnihi nnn nnn nnn nnn at 133 CALOulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURCe VSWR esses eene nnne nter 133 CAL Culate UNGertainty PREamp GAJIN 2 2 2 caia coton co inen ree e deoa eo eii 134 Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulatesUNCertainty PREamp NOISE 2 eelere EEN 134 CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp STATe ccociozoci atinada 134 CALCulate UNCertainty RE Gu 134 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv GANalvzerGAIN UNCertaintv rerrrrrrrrrererereeo 135 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv GANalvzerNOlGe UNC ertainty eene 135 CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon lt State gt This command turns matching of the noise source characteristics used during calibra tion and measurement on and off This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Parameters State ON OFF RST unavailable
36. for different tuning modes For example for a sweep mode which requires a span above 7 GHz it is deactivated while for a single frequency measurement at 1 GHz it can be activated Defining the Measurement Frequency Frequency Config AN 1 05 GHz Span 1 9 GHz Points 20 Start 100 0 MHz Tuning MOTO EE 43 COM ari A E A 43 e MEME EE 44 uses iore SOP F rEg pp a 44 Eng RE 44 Ir EE EE 44 Tuning Mode Selects the tuning or measurement mode For more information see chapter 4 1 Tuning Modes on page 24 Tuning mode selection is also available via softkeys Sweep Mode Frequency Table Mode Single Frequency Mode in the Sweep menu Note A preamplifier can be activitated or deactivated individually for different tuning modes When you switch tuning modes the defined preamplifier state is adapted Sweep The measurement is based on an automatically generated frequency set Frequency The measurement is based on a customized frequency table Table For more information see chapter 5 2 3 Using a Frequency Table on page 46 Single Fre The measurement measures a single frequency only quency For more information see chapter 5 2 2 Configuring Single Fre quency Measurements on page 45 Remote command Frequency list measurement SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuous on page 107 SENSe CONFigure LIST SINGLe on page 108 Single frequency measurement
37. in the order of the data flow Thus you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the Overview In particular the Overview provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes listed in the recommended order of processing 1 Noise Source See chapter 5 4 Configuring the Noise Source on page 49 2 Spectrum Analyzer See chapter 5 6 Configuring the Analyzer on page 58 3 Input and Output Losses See chapter 5 5 Configuring Additional Loss on page 55 To configure settings gt Select any button in the Overview to open the corresponding dialog box Select a setting in the channel bar at the top of the measurement channel tab to change a specific setting Preset Channel Select the Preset Channel button in the lower lefthand corner of the Overview to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values Note that the PRESET key restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all measurement channels on the R amp S FSWP except for the default channel Remote command SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute on page 98 Defining the Measurement Frequency Specifics for The measurement channel may contain several windows for different results Thus the settings indicated in the Overview and configured in the dialog boxes
38. its index Windowlndex numeric value Index of the window Example LAY CAT Result 2 2 7 1 1 Two windows are displayed named 2 at the top or left and 1 at the bottom or right Usage Query only LAYout IDENtify WINDow lt WindowName gt This command queries the index of a particular display window in the active measure ment channel Note to query the name of a particular window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt IDENtify query Query parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of a window Return values lt WindowIndex gt Index number of the window Example LAY WIND IDEN 2 Queries the index of the result display named 2 Response 2 Usage Query only Working with Windows in the Display LAYout REMove WINDow lt WindowName gt This command removes a window from the display in the active measurement channel Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the window In the default state the name of the window is its index Example LAY REM 2 Removes the result display in the window named 2 Usage Event LAYout REPLace WINDow lt WindowName gt lt WindowType gt This command replaces the window type for example from Diagram to Result Sum mary of an already existing window in the active measurement channel while keeping its position index and window name To add a new window use the LAYout ADD WINDow command
39. limit line CALCulate LIMit UPPer OrCALCulate LIMit LOWer Example Configure an upper limit line for the Noise Figure result type Select or create the limit line by name CALC LIM NAME NoiseFigure Comment on the limit line CALC LIM COMM Limit line to test noise figure results Select the result type here Noise Figure to apply the limit line to CALC LIM TYPE NOIS Define the horizontal data points of the limit line CALC LIM CONT 100MHZ 850MHZ Shift the limit line 50 MHz to the left CALC LIM CONT SHIF 50MHZ Define the vertical data points of an upper limit line The unit is fix according to the result type you have selected CALC LIM UPP 10 10 Shift the limit line 5 dB down CALC LIM UPP SHIF 5 Turn the limit line on CALC LIM UPP STAT ON 7 17 1 Working with Limit Lines Select the trace to check CALC LIM TRAC 1 Turn on the limit check CALC LIM STAT ON Query the limit check results CALC LIM FAIL e Defining General Characteristics of a Limit Line 153 Defining Horizontal Data Polls o eet ente tfe tete 154 e Controlling Lower Limit LINES ceresna eneen E envie tein 155 e Controlling Upper Limit Lines AE 156 Managing Lint Lines uoc edem ern rt ene c d ne ete eee es 157 e Controlling Limit CHECKS econ iaa 158 Defining General Characteristics of a Limit Line CALCulate n LIMit k COMMent eese nnne enhn nnn anno nan
40. or ambient temperature If the noise source characteristics are based on a table the ENR level and temperature depend on the measurement frequency In that case the values are interpolated to the measurement points You can select a table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on ENR tables see chapter 5 4 3 Using an ENR or Temperature Table on page 52 The calibration settings are available if the Common Noise Source is off Remote command ENR mode SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration MODE on page 113 Constant ENR SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT on page 113 Select table SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect on page 114 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD on page 112 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT HOT on page 113 Temperature Defines the absolute room temperature in degree Celsius or Fahrenheit The room temperature is required for the calculation of the real ENR of the noise source because an ENR table is based on a temperature of 290K To change the unit of the temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit change the date for mat from DE to US in the General display settings e Press the SETUP key e Press the Display softkey e Select the General tab e Select DE for Celsius or US for Fahrenheit Note If you define t
41. quotation mark Example INSTRument DELete Spectrum 7 2 6 5 Block Data Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data The ASCII character introduces the data block The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block In the example the 4 follow ing digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes The data bytes follow During the trans mission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted 0 specifies a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite for mat requires a NL END message to terminate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel 7 3 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel The following commands are necessary to control the measurement channel INSTrument CREate DUPLicate oros SNE SSES enne eub EENEG 95 INSTruimentCREAtelNEWI E 95 INS TramentoREale REPLICA 96 li Exilim luii risas 96 UNS Titer EE 96 kelen 97 INSTr meht SEEect 2 iei ee ada ia 97 SYSTemi PRESeUCCHANrnSIEEXEQGUle onda 98 INSTrument CREate DUPLicate This command duplicates the currently selected measurement channel e creates a new measurement channel of the same type and with the
42. reference level before starting the actual mea surement While the measurement is running the Continuous Sweep softkey and the RUN CONT key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again The results are not deleted until a new measurement is started Note Sequencer Furthermore the RUN CONT key controls the Sequencer not indi vidual sweeps RUN CONT starts the Sequencer in continuous mode For details on the Sequencer see the R amp S FSWP User Manual Remote command INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 137 5 9 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP Single Sweep RUN SINGLE Initiates a single measurement The measurement is finished after all frequencies in the frequency list have been measured If necessary the application automatically determines the reference level before starting the actual measurement While the measurement is running the Single Sweep softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the high lighted softkey or key again Note Sequencer Furthermore the RUN SINGLE key controls the Sequencer not individual sweeps RUN SINGLE starts the Sequencer in single mode If the Sequencer is off only the evaluation for the currently displayed measurement channel is updated For details on the Sequencer see the R amp S FSWP User Manual Remote command INITiate lt n gt IMMediate o
43. setup file with the file extension gen to the R amp S FSWP The setup file defines the frequency and power ranges supported by the generator as well as information required for communication You can use a setup file of the signal generators already supported as a template After you copy it to the R amp S FSWP the new generator model is added to the dropdown menu The existing setup files can be displayed in an editor in read only mode directly from the Interface Configuration dialog box Make sure to adhere to the required syntax and commands and only change the val ues of the parameters Errors are only detected and displayed when you try to use the custom generator Error and status messages The following status and error messages may occur during external generator control Message Description Ext Generator GPIB Handshake Error Connection to the generator is not possible e g due toa Ext Generator TCPIP Handshake Error cable damage or loose connection or wrong address Ext Generator TTL Handshake Error Ext Generator Limits Exceeded The allowed frequency or power ranges for the generator were exceeded Reverse Sweep via min Ext Generator Fre Reverse sweep is performed frequencies are reduced to quency the minimum frequency then increased again Ext Generator File Syntax Error Syntax error in the generator setup file Ext Generator Command Error Missing or wrong co
44. the measurement point The range is from 0 Hz to 999 99 GHz lt ENR gt ENR of the measurement point The range is from 999 99 dB to 999 99 dB Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL DATA 1MHZ 10 2MHZ 12 Defines a new ENR table with two measurement points Manual operation See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 See Edit Table on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes an ENR table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL DEL ENRTable Deletes the table with the name ENRTable Usage Event Configuring the Noise Source Manual operation See Delete on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe LIST This command queries all ENR tables available in the application Return values lt Tables gt String containing the names of the tables as a comma separated list Example CORR ENR TABL LIST would return e g Tablel Table2 Table3 Usage Query only SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an ENR or temperature table for the actual measurement When you want to edit a table regardless if you want to use it later for a measurement or for calibration you have to use this command SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect only selects a table for calibration Parameters lt TableN
45. the resolution band width from the span Example BAND 1 MHz Sets the resolution bandwidth to 1 MHz Usage SCPI confirmed Configuring the Analyzer Manual operation See Resolution Bandwidth RBW on page 59 SENSe CORRection STATe State This command includes or excludes calibration data in the actual measurement Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CORR ON Includes calibration data in the measurement SENSe SWEep COUNt Averages This command defines the number of measurements that are used to average the results Parameters lt Averages gt Number of measurements that are performed at a single fre quency before average results are displayed If you set an average of 0 or 1 the application performs a single measurement at each frequency Range 0 to 32767 RST 1 Example SWE COUN 10 The application averages 10 measurements before it displays the results Manual operation See Average on page 59 SENSe SWEep TIME lt Time gt This command defines the measurement time Parameters lt Time gt refer to data sheet RST depends on current settings determined automati cally Example SWE TIME 10s Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Sweep Time on page 59 SYSTem CONFigure DUT GAIN lt Gain gt This command defines the expected gain of the DUT The application uses the gain for automatic reference level detection Using the Uncertain
46. to the parameters described here the application also considers several parameters from the general measurement configuration when calculating the uncer tainty e Measurement mode e 2nd Stage Correction If 2nd stage correction is on but no calibration data is available uncertainty is cal culated without the 2nd stage correction data e Internal preamplification e RF Attenuation e Temperature 5 7 1 Using the Uncertainty Calculator e ENR values Configuring Noise Source Characteristics The Uncertainty Calculator supports individual characteristics for a noise source used during calibration and the measurement If you are using a Common ENR the application assumes that the Output Match and ENR Uncert ainty are the same during calibration and measurement Only the Mea surement Noise Source parameters are displayed If you are using a different noise source during calibration and measurement the Uncertainty Calculator adds an additional Output Match and ENR Uncert ainty required for uncertainty calculation during calibration Note that you have to turn off the Common Noise Source if you have to define the val ues of the noise source used during calibration Common Source tor Meas and Goal ciere aaa 63 Output ANGI EE 63 let E le E 63 Ree E AMY DEE 64 Common Source for Meas and Cal Controls the way the application calculates the uncertainty for the noise source Turn on the switch when you use the same noise so
47. vary depending on the selected window Select an active window from the Specifics for selection list that is displayed in the Overview and in all window specific configuration dialog boxes The Overview and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window 5 2 Defining the Measurement Frequency The DUT button or the Frequency Settings softkey open a dialog to configure the measurement frequencies e Defining a Frequenoy Set iios correre e eite ed 42 e Configuring Single Frequency Measurements renn 45 e Using a Frequency Table cnn nncn cnn nn n rra nnne ennt 46 5 2 1 Defining a Frequency Set The Frequency Config tab in the Frequency Settings dialog box contains settings that define the frequency characteristics for the measurement The information in this tab is also the basis for an automatic population of the fre quency table All parameters of this dialog are interdependent If you change one parameter at least one other parameter will be changed by the application D In order to get accurate results changing a frequency set may require a new calibra tion Preamplifier E If a preamplifier is used make sure the defined and possibly upconverted IF frequen cies for the measurement stay below the maximum frequency the preamplifier sup ports For the R amp S FSWP B22 option the maximum frequency is 7 GHz However the preamplifier can be activitated or deactivated individually
48. will be However accuracy and stability comes at the price of measurement speed Remote command SENSe SWEep COUNt on page 126 Configuring Level Characteristics The level and range settings configure all parameters related to the vertical diagram axis Ref Level Ref Level Auto Level Range 30 0 dB RF Atten 0 0 dB Preamplifier EE EE 60 AUTO Level RANGE C 61 O 61 mine cree 61 Ref Level Turns automatic determination of the reference level on and off The reference level is the power level the R amp S FSWP expects at the RF input Keep in mind that the noise signal has a high crest factor Thus the reference level has to be set at the peak envelope power of the noise signal not the mean power in order to avoid an instrument overload The reference level should be about 5 to 15 dB above the noise display that occurs with the DUT connected and the noise source activated To get the best dynamic range you have to set the reference level as low as possible At the same time make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the refer ence level If it does it may overload the RF and IF stages of the analyzer regardless of the signal power Measurement results may deteriorate Note that the signal level at the A D converter may be stronger than the level the R amp S FSWP displays depending on the current resolution bandwidth
49. 16 7 17 7 17 1 7 17 2 7 17 3 7 174 7 17 5 Limit Line IECIT 84 Limit Line Detail c M 87 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements 89 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes cccccccsssseeeceeesseeeeeesseeeeeeeeseeeeenensseeeees 89 nist p S r 90 Conventions used in Descrpitons nene 90 Long and Short FOr nennen menn E nennen nennen nennen nnns 91 lune uc cm eetiazayeeee 91 Optional Kevwords nn nnn nan nr narran rra rra 92 Alternative Kevworcdes nano nn nana nn narran nn rra nn rra nennen nnns 92 Sie didici 92 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel 95 Working with Windows in the Display eeeeeeeeennnnnnnm nmn 98 General Window Comman0dQs esee enne nnne nennen nnne nnns 104 Measurement Results esetEaEEEEEEEEEEEEEREREESEEEEESEEEEEEEEEEEENEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEREEEAEEEEEERENEEEEEEEEEER 105 Defining the Measurement Frequency eene nnn nnn nnns 106 Selecting DUT Characteristics eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeneneen nennen nennen 110 Configuring the Noise Source eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenen ener nnn nennen 112 Configuring Additional Loss eese enne nnne nnn 120 Configuring the A
50. 26 SENSe SWEep TIME eese ttt teet te testes d 126 SYS Tem CONF IUe DUTGOGAIN DEE 126 SYSTem CONFigure DUT ST E 127 SENSe CONFigure CORRection This command configures the software to perform a calibration measurement If you initate a measurement with INITiate lt n gt IMMediate the software initates a calibration instead of the actual measurement Configuring the Analyzer Example CONF CORR Configures to run calibration INIT Initiates the calibration Usage Event Manual operation See 2nd Stage Correction on page 59 See Calibrate on page 68 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel lt ReferenceLevel gt This command defines the reference level for all traces lt t gt is irrelevant Parameters lt ReferenceLevel gt Range see datasheet RST 30 dBm Default unit dBm Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV 60dBm Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Ref Level on page 60 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO State This command turns automatic determination of the reference level on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV AUTO ON Turns on automatic level detection Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Ref Level on page 60 INPut ATTenuation lt Attenuation gt This command defines the total attenuation for RF input If you set the attenuation manually it is no longer coupled to the reference l
51. 71 H Hardware settings Displayed x tnt enr reta em hte ns 13 High pass filter Ee LR ete USt Ups 141 xA ojo io cas 69 l Image Te eco E 49 Impedance O eee erie ter eee 141 e E 69 Input A cee tetas Coupling remote e INPUBIOSS 1 ierit tii baaa Inserting Limit line Values iia too 88 Install suecia as dao aai 11 K Keys Peak Search iiir die lets 83 RUN CONT comisionados 67 RUN SINGLE rni tree ete bye Reden 68 L Level characteristics A 60 Limit lines Activating Deactivating sse 86 El E UE Compatibility COPY la carece x donde ae teria intueri seo Bue Data points Deactivating Deleting Deleting values 88 Details 2 907 ei WE 86 Inserting values coria sarna n tec rre Mn ds 88 O ero RETE 84 Name 87 Saving 88 Selecting 86 Shifting 88 A 86 AD 86 Visibility ss VAS cri Lines COMIQUT ATION aunar dass 84 Limit see Limitlines ccoo nane 84 Loss In pU nce instr a 55 Output 55 Loss table a OL Delete arica 58 Edit nol A 55 M Marker ee E eege vein ceive agate 37 Markers Deactivating crt eret reri 81 Delta markers Minimum Next minimum Next peak Peares Querying position remote Url see TX 81 Ey se 81 Maximizing Windows
52. 8 Measurements on Linear DUTs In case of a linear DUT the RF frequency remains the same between its input and out put For measurements on such DUTS it is sufficient to measure the signal s RF fre quency without any additional equipment like a local oscillator A typical linear DUT is for example an amplifier The test setup for measurements on such DUTs usually consists of the noise source the DUT and an analyzer If necessary the measurement also considers loss that might occur somewhere in the measurement path If you are measuring linear DUTs the contents and layout of the Overview dialog box represents the configuration of a typical test setup Source Output Analyzer Config Measurements on Frequency Converting DUTs A frequency converting DUT converts the RF frequency to an intermediate frequency IF using the local oscillator LO A frequency converting DUT either converts the RF frequency to a lower IF down conversion or a higher IF up conversion The conversion process requires a local oscillator in the test setup You can generate the LO signal in two ways e An external generator controlled by the analyzer via IEC bus 4 4 External Generator Control e AVCO controlled by a voltage source If you have selected a frequency converting DUT measurement mode the layout of the Overview dialog box adds the local oscillator to the test setup Noise A Loss Spectrum Display Source Output Analyzer Con
53. Axis on page 76 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe BOTTom Level This command defines the bottom value of the y axis Parameters lt Level gt Example Usage Manual operation The value ranges depend on the result display Noise figure 75 dB to 75 dB Noise temperature 999990000 K to 999990000 K Y factor 200 dB to 200 dB Gain 75 dB to 75 dB Power hot 200 dBm to 200 dBm Power cold 200 dBm to 200 dBm DISP WIND2 TRAC Y SCAL AUTO OFF DISP WIND2 TRAC Y BOTT SCPI confirmed See Auto Scale Min Max on page 76 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe Y SCALe AUTO State This command turns automatic scaling of the y axis on and off 7 16 Working with Traces Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y AUTO ON Turns on automatic scaling for measurement window 2 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Auto Scale Min Max on page 76 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe TOP Level This command defines the top value of the y axis Parameters lt Level gt The value ranges depend on the result display Noise figure 75 dB to 75 dB Noise temperature 999990000 K to 999990000 K Y factor 200 dB to 200 dB Gain 75 dB to 75 dB Power hot 200 dBm to 200 dBm Power cold 200 dBm to 200 dBm Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y SCAL AUTO OFF DISP WIND2 TRAC Y TOP Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operat
54. Basic information on operating the R amp S FSWP is not included in the application manuals Release Notes The release notes describe the installation of the firmware new and modified func tions eliminated problems and last minute changes to the documentation The corre sponding firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 Conventions Used in the Documentation Application Notes Application notes application cards white papers and educational notes are further publications that provide more comprehensive descriptions and background informa tion The latest versions are available for download from the Rohde 8 Schwarz web site at www rohde schwarz com appnote Conventions Used in the Documentation Typographical Conventions The following text markers are used throughout this documentation Convention Description Graphical user interface ele All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen such as ments dialog boxes menus options buttons and softkeys are enclosed by quotation marks KEYS Key names are written in capital letters File names commands File names commands coding samples and screen output are distin program code guished by their font Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font References References to other parts of the documenta
55. CENT 1GHZ Defines a center frequency of 1 GHz Manual operation See Center on page 43 SENSe FREQuency LIST DATA lt Frequency gt This command defines the contents of a frequency list The command overwrites the current contents of the frequency list The frequency list remains the same until you generate or create a new list Parameters lt Frequency gt Defines a frequency for each entry in the frequency list A fre quency list can contain up to 500 entries Range 0 Hz to fmax Example FREQ LIST DATA 100MHZ 200MHZ 300MHZ 400MHZ 500MHZ Creates a frequency list with five entries Manual operation See Populate Table on page 47 SENSe SWEep POINts lt SweepPoints gt This command defines the number of measurement points analyzed during a sweep Defining the Measurement Frequency Parameters lt SweepPoints gt Range 1 to 500 RST 20 Example SWE POIN 100 Defines 100 measurement points Manual operation See Measurement Points on page 44 See Measurement Points on page 46 SENSe FREQuency SINGle Frequency This command defines the frequency for single frequency measurements Parameters lt Frequency gt The minimum and maximum frequency depend on the hard ware Refer to the datasheet for details RST 100 MHz Example FREQ SING 200MHZ Defines a measurement frequency of 200 MHz Manual operation See Center on page 43 See Single Frequency on page 45 SENSe F
56. Changes the IEC IEEE bus address of the external generator Parameters Number Range O to 30 RST 28 Example SYST COMM GPIB RDEV GEN ADDR 15 Manual operation See GPIB Address TCP IP Address on page 71 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator INTerface Type Defines the interface used for the connection to the external generator Parameters Type GPIB TCPip RST GPIB Example SYST COMM RDEV GEN INT TCP Manual operation See Interface on page 70 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE Type This command selects the type of external generator Parameters Name Generator name as string value RST SMUO02 Example SYST COMM RDEV GEN TYPE SMWO6 Selects SMWO6 as an external generator Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Manual operation See Generator Type on page 70 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDRess lt Address gt Configures the TCP IP address for the external generator Parameters lt Address gt TCP IP address between 0 0 0 0 and 0 255 255 255 RST 0 0 0 0 Example SYST COMM TCP RDEV GEN ADDR 130 094 122 195 Manual operation See GPIB Address TCP IP Address on page 71 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator CONTrol STATe lt State gt This command turns automatic control of an external generator on and off The command is available with option R amp S FSWP B10 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Examp
57. Clear Measurement Results Measure PCold Noise Source OFF In addition the application shows the missing calibration and measurement steps in the channel bar Noise ENR Const 15 00 dB Mode 2nd Stage Corr On Ne 3 Calibration Clearing results If you have to replace the previous calibration or measurement results you can clear the currently stored data with the Clear Calibration Results or Clear Measurement Results button that is also available in the dialog box DUT Types Returning to automatic measurement mode When you are in automatic measurement mode and select a noise source with resistor characteristics the application automatically selects the manual measurement mode When you are in manual measurement mode and select a noise source with diode characteristics you have to select the automatic measurement mode deliberately in the Sweep menu DUT Types Noise figure measurements are possible on DUTs with a wide variety of characteris tics The DUT characteristics are important to know because they not only have an effect on the test setup but also determine the way the application populates the fre quency list in case of swept measurements The Noise Figure Measurements application supports measurements on DUTs that work on a fixed frequency as well as measurements on frequency converting DUTs e Measurements on Linear DUTs nnn eene 28 e Measurements on Frequency Converting DUT 2
58. ER ERR nnd RN Ra a aida 55 Using a Loss E 57 5 5 1 Defining Loss The Loss Settings tab in the Loss Settings dialog box contains settings to define the loss characteristics of miscellaneous equipment in the test setup Configuring Additional Loss Loss Settings Input Loss Constant 10 0 dB Table o Constant 10 0 dB Table You can define the loss characteristics of the signal path to the DUT input and the sig nal path from the DUT output to the analyzer Noise Input Loss Output Loss Source uicit e 56 OT El 56 Input Loss Selects the source of losses between the noise source and the DUT input The input loss is the sum of all losses caused by the measurement equipment The loss may be constant or be based on a loss table Ifthe loss is constant the same loss is used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant loss you can also define its value in the input field next to the radio button If the loss is based on a table the loss values are interpolated to the measurement fre quencies You can select a table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on loss tables see chapter 5 5 2 Using a Loss Table on page 57 Remote command Loss mode SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut MODE on page 120 Constant loss SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut SPOT on page 120 Select loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SE
59. Et dE G Culate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTIOIDATA a coi nen ent tern EEN ge CALGCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COP Vino e a S CAL Culate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt CAL Culate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer STA Te A CAL Culate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA CAL GCulatesn bIMItSKS NAME cosocasion aia a at dabas CALCulatesn gt IMiSk gt ME ei eene ET CAL GCulatesh gt bt IMit lt k gt TRAGCesSt CEIEGK rero co rer ttr tc e eorr eee E Ee i nct aa 160 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt zs St CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer STA ooo A crate a A al CAL GCulatesn bIMitsks PPer DATA rete it cree a A a Aa CALGCulatesh gt MARKer lt m gt AOF CAL Gulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT cocida dat GALCulate n MARKer m MAXimu m NEXT eire bera kt pe ree cen ce ra eoe Yea e nein CAL Culate nz MAbkercmz MA NimumbRIlCGHt canon cnn nano nn naar rn rn n rara rc nana CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimumy PEANK onto a neun CALGulatesn gt ew E ut RE E KEE CAL Culate nz MAbkerczmz MiNimumNENT rana n nn se tnntn inrer o niiina CALCulate n MARKer m MINimumt RIGEH s icio eerte pa A neers CAL Culate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK CALCulate lt h gt MARKer lt m gt TRAC O cairo ra tre Ear CAL Gulatesh gt MARKer MX oie A ga ec ved a ca EAE 161 CAL Culate h gt MARKer lt M gt N oret ne eei Ere entere Ei Eve iaa 162 ee EE Te
60. FF Example SYST CONF GEN SWIT AUTO ON Turns on automatic deactivation of the RF output Manual operation See Auto Switch Off on page 73 7 15 Configuring the Display The following commands are necessary to configure and scale the result displays DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRAGe SYMBOIS 2 50 c0 seecceecesteneecetansceceneteseaeananauaensanenedeearens 146 DiSblavlfWiNDow nzTRACexgtGCALel ee ee eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeananaea 147 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe BOTTom esses 147 DiSblavlfWiNDow nzTRACevtSCALelAlTO eene enne nennen 147 DiSblavlfWiNDow nzUTR ACectslSCALelTOp enne 148 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe SYMBols State This command turns symbols that represent the measurement points on a trace on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example DISP WIND2 TRAC SYMB ON Switches on the display of symbols in window 2 Manual operation See Symbols on page 76 Configuring the Display DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe X SCALe Frequency This command selects the type of frequency displayed on the x axis Parameters lt Frequency gt Example Manual operation IF Intermediary frequency e g for measurements on frequency converting DUTs RF Radio frequency RST RF CONF MODE DUT DOWN The DUT converts the input frequency to a lower output fre quency DISP TRAC X RF Shows the RF frequency on the x axis See X
61. H MH MH MH j j jB jg iF i j Start 100 0 MHZ 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz The scale of the horizontal axis depends on the tuning mode Frequency list and swept measurements In all graphical result displays the horizontal axis represents the frequency The dis played frequency is either the RF radio frequency or the IF intermediate frequency The range depends on the frequency set you have currently defined Because the application only measures selected frequencies it connects the results to draw a trace Negative noise figure and noise temperature From a physical point of view the noise figure and the noise temperature levels have a positive range including zero Because of the mathematical operations the application performs it may also show negative values in some cases This may be due to incorrect calibration or variance of measurement values Single frequency measurements In all graphical result displays the horizontal axis represents a chronological order of measurement results for the frequency you are testing The axis has no unit but is made up out of several index values that represent time Each index value represents e User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 15 one measurement point and therefore one measurement on the single frequency you are analyzing The size of the index and thus number of results depends on the num ber of Measurement Points that you have defined Because th
62. IDE NUN WINDOW cece eee enne a aaiae aiiai a aiiai naaa 100 LAYOURREMOVE WINDQW creta d cocoa re a itr A EAE AA SEENEN 101 LAYoutREPLacs WINDOW 2 2 data ba 101 LAVOE SPLNE ERR 101 LAYVOutWINDOWSNF ADD iii adn 103 Bee eeler 103 LAYO WINDOW A REMOWVO cuina iaa 103 LAY Ut WINDOW A gt REPLACE nennen enne nnne nnns neiaa nippe ai nn nnn 104 LAYout ADD WINDow lt WindowName gt lt Direction gt lt WindowType gt This command adds a window to the display in the active measurement channel This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result To replace an existing window use the TAYout REPLace WINDow command Parameters lt WindowName gt lt Direction gt lt WindowType gt Return values lt NewWindowName gt Example Usage Manual operation Working with Windows in the Display String containing the name of the existing window the new win dow is inserted next to By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows use the LAYout CATalog WINDow query LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow Direction the new window is added relative to the existing win dow text value Type of result display evaluation method you want to add See the table below for available parameter values When adding a new window the command returns its name by default the same as its number as a r
63. Lect on page 121 Output Loss Selects the source of loss between the DUT output and the RF input of the analyzer 5 5 2 Configuring Additional Loss The output loss is the sum of all losses caused by the measurement equipment e g connectors cables or attenuators The loss may be constant or be based on a loss table If the loss is constant the same loss is used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant loss you can also define its value in the input field next to the radio button If the loss is based on a table the loss values are interpolated to the measurement fre quencies You can select a table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on loss tables see chapter 5 5 2 Using a Loss Table on page 57 Remote command Loss mode SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut MODE on page 121 Constant loss SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT on page 122 Select loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe SELect on page 123 Using a Loss Table The Table Settings tab in the Loss Settings dialog box contains the functionality to create and edit loss tables Loss table contain the loss characteristics of additional frequency dependent equip ment in the test setup If you are using a loss table the loss values may be different on each frequency that is measured If the table does not contain a loss for one of t
64. NGertainty DATA FREQUenCy tenerae roti t ret tenete reper ee EP EXE eaa GALCulate UNGertainty DATA GAIN 21er theoria a GAL Culate UNGertainty DATA Tel GALGulate UNCGertainty DATA RESVUlfs 5 1 ttt ret rrr e ern rrt ce a negra acia CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty essent CALOCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty HOT CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNGertainty att rro th tnter ii CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD eren rnnt eNEAN noto tanta at iai CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT tee a Rn aia CALOCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN VSWR esee nenen nennen GALCulate UNGertainty MAT Ch DU NET RE CALCulate UNCertainty MA TCh DUT OUT MVSWR 2 nene ente GALCulate UNCertainty MA TCh DUT OUT RL rrr terri ther GALCulate UNGertainty MATCh PREaAmbp RL ea re rrt tenir arar CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp VSWhR essent enne nana cnn crac CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration RL CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR eene CALGulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURCGe RL ptt rr ertt terrre enr erp t ne CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURcCe VSWR eese enne n nennen nnree trennen GALCulate UNGertainty PREalmp GAIN cs enin exorto ere
65. NIT CONT ON Switches the measurement mode to continuous measurement Manual operation See Continuous Sweep RUN CONT on page 67 INITiate lt n gt IMMediate This command starts a single new measurement You can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAI Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Usage Event Manual operation See Single Sweep RUN SINGLE on page 68 See Calibrate on page 68 Performing Measurements INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer ABORt This command stops the currently active sequence of measurements The Sequencer itself is not deactivated so you can start a new sequence immediately using INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer IMMediate on page 138 To deactivate the Sequencer use SYSTem SEQuencer on page 140 Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Usage Event INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer IMMediate This command starts a new sequence of measurements by the Sequencer Its effect is similar to the INITiate lt n gt IMMediate command used for a single measurement Before this command can be executed the Sequencer must be activated see SYSTem SEQuencer on page 140 Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements Usage Event INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the way the R
66. OSS OUTPut TABLe DELete on page 123 Import Export Table Opens a dialog box to select a loss table to import or export An import copies the loss table into the default loss table directory An export copies the table to a location outside the default loss table directory e g a memory stick The file extension has to be loss 5 6 Configuring the Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer button or the Meas Settings softkey open the Measure ment Settings dialog box to set up general measurement characteristics e Configuring the Measurement A 58 e Configuring Level Characheretlce nennen nnns 60 5 6 1 Configuring the Measurement The measurement settings include parameters directly related to the measurement itself 2nd Stage Correction RBW Sweep Time Settling Time Average Configuring the Analyzer 2nd Stage COMM CEO DEE 59 Resolution Bandwidth RW 59 EE eed sacle decadent E Lm mM 59 SUI Ti a il 59 Dro 59 2nd Stage Correction Turns 2nd stage correction on and off If 2nd stage correction is on the application excludes the inherent noise of the ana lyzer from the measurement results If 2nd stage correction is off the application does not correct the measurement results even if a valid calibration has been performed Note that correction data does not get lost if you turn off the 2nd stage correction F
67. R amp S9FSWP K30 Noise Figure Measurements User Manual amp 1177 5679 02 01 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Test amp Measurement User Manual This manual describes the following R amp S FSWP models with firmware version 1 10 or higher e R amp S FSWP8 1322 8003K08 e R amp S FSWP26 1322 8003K26 The following firmware applications are described e R amp S FSWP K30 1325 4244 02 requires R amp S FSWP B1 The software contained in this product makes use of several valuable open source software packages For information see the Open Source Acknowledgment on the user documentation CD ROM included in delivery Rohde amp Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing 2015 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Muhldorfstr 15 81671 Munchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 Email info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S FSWP is abbreviated as R amp S FSWP R amp S MultiView is abbrevi ated as MultiView Products of the R amp S9SMW family e g R amp S SMW200A are abbreviated as R amp S SMW Customer Support Technical support where and when y
68. RE STAT ON Turns the preamplifier on CALCulate UNCertainty RESult This command queries the uncertainty of noise figure results Performing Measurements Return values lt Uncertainty gt Measurement uncertainty in dB Example CALC UNC Queries the uncertainty Usage Query only CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty This command queries the uncertainty value of the spectrum analyzer s internal gain Return values lt Uncertainty gt Gain uncertainty of the spectrum analyzer in dB Example CALC UNC SAN GAIN UNC Queries the gain uncertainty Usage Query only CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer NOISe UNCertainty This command queries the uncertainty value of the spectrum analyzer s internal noise Return values lt Uncertainty gt Noise figure uncertainty of the spectrum analyzer in dB Example CALC UNC SAN NOIS UNC Queries the noise figure uncertainty Usage Query only Performing Measurements The following commands are necessary to perform noise figure measurements Example perform calibration and subsequent single sweep measurement Perform calibration CONF CORR INIT OPC Perform single sweep measurement and use 2nd stage correction CORR STAT ON CONF LIST SING INIT You can also perform a sequence of measurements using the Sequencer see Multi ple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function on page 12 Performing Measurements e 136 INITiate e el ge
69. REQuency SINGle COUPling lt State gt This command couples or decouples the frequency to the contents of the sweep list Parameters lt State gt ON Only frequencies in the frequency list can be selected for single frequency measurements OFF Any frequency can be defined for single frequency measure ments RST OFF Example FREQ SING COUP ON Couples single frequency measurements to the frequency list Manual operation See Coupled to Sweep List on page 45 SENSe FREQuency SPAN lt Span gt This command defines the frequency span If you change the span the application creates a new frequency list Parameters lt Span gt This parameter is RST RST value 7 8 Selecting DUT Characteristics Example FREQO SPAN 500MHZ Defines a span of 500 MHz Manual operation See Span on page 44 SENSe FREQuency STARt lt Frequency gt This command defines the start frequency If you change the start frequency the application creates a new frequency list Parameters lt Frequency gt RST RST value Example FREQ STAR 900MHZ Defines a start frequency of 900 MHz Manual operation See Start and Stop Frequency on page 44 SENSe FREQuency STEP lt Stepsize gt This command defines the frequency stepsize in the frequency table The stepsize corresponds to the distance from one measurement point to another If you change the stepsize the application creates a new frequency list P
70. Rection ENR MEASurement TABl e TEMeraturel DATA 116 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TY PE rrr ett rn tritt enn 118 SENSe CORRection IREJection SENSe CORRection EOSS INPUEMODBB oin ree ce Eoque a ean o De ce dE v A 120 SENSEI CORREC LOSS INPUESPOT ner deir cerunt onde ERR ORE eere esa ER coa qoa 120 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLOe tritt dd 121 SENSe CORRsction LOSS INPut TABLe DElete coimas tte tha tb cta dg ei 121 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SELect eese eene enne neret 121 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPutMODBDBE 2 2 tree nter di 121 SENS GORRection LOSS OU TPUES ME 122 SENSe CORRection LOSS OU TPut ABLe 2 rr rater er t ttr thereon i RR gege 122 SENSe CORRection LOSS OU TPut TABLe DELete 2 re ttt erret tena 123 SENSe CORRsction LOSS OU TPut TABLE E 123 SENSe CORRection TEMPerature 2 SENSe CORRSctiori S TAT6 iioii ptt E rg tt Ee aeri ge e aA eu Eed ISENS J FREQUENCY CENT sui EE EE TE elle EE AE SENSe IFREQuenCy SINGIO dette ete Ted eel een ES el ate ee SENSe FREQuen y SINGI6 COU PIN Gas civic a 109 SENSe FREQUENCY SRAN BEE SENSe FREQuency STARt 4 SENSe FREQUGnCY STEP iiiter rebote inter er Eri d ED rl SENSE leise eas rt alitas SENSe JSWEep COUN Exmarorissrr ebat tee b e ctp tan CALOulate LIMit k TYPE CAL CGul te UNGertainty COMMON E GALGulate U
71. STATe on page 163 Marker to Trace Opens an input field to assign the marker to a particular trace if you are using more than one trace All Markers Off Deactivates all markers in one step Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF on page 160 Marker Config Opens the Marker Configuration dialog box The Marker Configuration dialog box contains all marker functions necessary to set up the four markers supported by the application e Selected Highlights the currently selected marker e State Turns a marker on and off e X value Defines the marker position on the horizontal axis e Type Selects the marker type For more information see Marker Type on page 81 e Trace Selects the trace the marker is positioned on Marker Table Display Defines how the marker information is displayed On Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram Using Markers off Displays the marker information within the diagram area Remote command DISPlay MTABle on page 166 Marker Info Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off Remote command DISPlay MINFo STAT on page 165 6 3 2 Marker Positioning If you are using more thn one measurement window the application performs the peak search in the currently selected measurement window The currently selected mea surement window has a blue border Because the markers are linked in the noise fig ure appl
72. TATus QUI which may occur EStionable register contains information about indefinite states if the unit is operated without meeting the specifications Bit no Meaning Oto 7 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 8 CALibration This bit is set if the R amp S FSWP is not calibrated 9 LIMit This bit is set if a limit line is violated 10 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 11 CORRection This bit is set if the noise figure calibration is questionable 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 Using the Status Register 7 19 1 3 STATus QUEStionable LIMit Register The STATus QUEStionable LIMit register contains information about limit lines and the results of a limit checks The number of LIMit registers depends on the number of measurement windows avail able in any application Bit no Meaning 0 LIMit 1 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 1 is violated 1 LIMit 2 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 2 is violated 2 LIMit 3 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 3 is violated 3 LIMit 4 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 4 is violated 4 LIMit 5 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 5 is violated 5 LIMit 6 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 6 is violated 6 LIMit 7 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 7 is violated T LIMit 8 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 8 is violated 8 to 14 Unavailable for noise figure measuremen
73. a viClear e GPIB ibclr e RSIB RSDLLibclr Now you can send the ABORt command on the remote channel performing the mea surement Example ABOR INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and immediately starts a new one Example ABOR WAI INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and starts a new one once abortion has been completed Usage Event SCPI confirmed Performing Measurements INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous lt State gt This command controls the measurement mode for an individual measurement chan nel Note that in single measurement mode you can synchronize to the end of the mea surement with OPC OPC or WAI In continuous measurement mode synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement is not possible Thus it is not recommended that you use continuous measurement mode in remote control as results like trace data or markers are only valid after a single measurement end synchronization For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSWP User Manual If the measurement mode is changed for a measurement channel while the Sequencer is active the mode is only considered the next time the measurement in that channel is activated by the Sequencer Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF 0 1 ON 1 Continuous measurement OFF 0 Single measurement RST 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Switches the measurement mode to single measurement I
74. a enne nnne in na 153 CALCulatespm LIMES NAME rated atinada lidia 153 CALC ulated UMW EE E 153 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COMMent lt Comment gt This command defines a comment for a limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt Comment gt String containing the description of the limit line The comment may have up to 40 characters Manual operation See Comment on page 87 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt NAME lt Name gt This command selects a limit line that already exists or defines a name for a new limit line Parameters lt Name gt String containing the limit line name RST REM1 to REM8 for lines 1 to 8 Manual operation See Name on page 87 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TYPE lt Result gt This command configures a limit line for a particular result type 7 17 2 Working with Limit Lines Parameters lt Result gt GAIN Assigns the limit line to gain reuslts NOISe Assigns the limit line to noise figure results PCOLd Assigns the limit line to power cold results PHOT Assigns the limit line to power hot results TEMPerature Assigns the limit line to noise temperature results YFACtor Assigns the limit line to y factor results Example CALC LIM2 TYPE GAIN Assigns limit line 2 to the gain result display Defining Horizontal Data Points Note that the number of data points on the horizontal axis should be the same as the number of data
75. able SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect on page 116 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD on page 119 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT on page 119 Common Noise Source Turns the use of a common ENR on and off Common ENRs have the same characteristics for the measurement and calibration If you turn common ENR off you can define an additional ENR to be used during calibra tion This is recommended in case of measurements on frequency converting DUTs if one noise source does not cover the frequency range at the DUT input RF and the fre quency range for calibration IF Remote command SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon on page 115 Calibration Selects the source of the ENR or temperature values used during calibration The frequency characteristics may be a constant or be based on a ENR or temperature table 5 4 3 Configuring the Noise Source If the ENR or temperature is a constant the same value is used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant ENR you can also define its value in the input field next to the radio button If you have selected a constant temperature you have to define the temperatures of the resistor in the input fields next to the radio button Thot is the temperature of a resistor with a low noise or ambient temperature Teo is the temperature of a resistor with a high noise
76. above the selected one Delete Deletes the selected data point Save Saves the able Cancel Exits the Edit Table dialog box and returns to the result diagram Remote command Edit ENR table SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA on page 115 Edit temperature table SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA on page 116 Edit input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe on page 121 Edit output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe on page 122 5 5 Configuring Additional Loss The Loss Input Loss Output buttons or the Loss Settings softkey open a dialog to configure the loss characteristics of additional equipment in the test setup like cables or attenuators at the DUT input or output The characteristics of these should be sup plied by the manufacturer Note that loss is only taken into account during the measurement and not during cali bration because the noise source is connected directly to the analyzer input CD Treatment of losses in case of resistor noise sources When you are using a resistor as a noise source it is not possible to change the loss characteristics When you change back to using a diode as a noise source the previous loss settings are not restored In that case the best way to handle loss settings is to store them in a loss table to still have them available later on Defining LoS5 e entere ete anne D
77. age from the input signal This is the default setting to prevent damage to the instrument Very low frequencies in the input signal may be dis torted However some specifications require DC coupling In this case you must protect the instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually For details refer to the data sheet Remote command INPut COUPling on page 141 Impedance For some measurements the reference impedance for the measured levels of the R amp S FSWP can be set to 50 Q or 75 Q 75 Q should be selected if the 50 Q input impedance is transformed to a higher impe dance using a 75 Q adapter of the RAZ type 25 Q in series to the input impedance of the instrument The correction value in this case is 1 76 dB 10 log 750 500 This value also affects the unit conversion Remote command INPut IMPedance on page 141 High Pass Filter 1 3 GHz Activates an additional internal high pass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to 3 GHz This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the analyzer in order to measure the harmonics for a DUT for example This function requires an additional hardware option Note for RF input signals outside the specified range the high pass filter has no effect For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards the harmonics are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG filter Remote command INPut FILTer HPASs STATe on page 141 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R a
78. ame gt String containing the table name Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL SEL ENRTable Selects a table called ENRTable Manual operation See Measurement on page 51 See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA lt Frequency gt lt Thot gt lt Tcold gt This command defines the contents of the currently selected temperature table The temperature table should contain an two temperature values for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the frequency list To select the temperature table you want to edit use SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect Configuring the Noise Source Parameters lt Frequency gt lt Thot gt Each entry of the temperature table consists of one measure lt Tcold gt ment point and the corresponding temperature values The table can contain up to 500 entries lt Frequency gt Frequency of the measurement point The range is from O Hz to 999 99 GHz lt Thot gt Temperature of the noise source when it is off for the corre sponding measurement point The range is from 0 K to 100000 K Thot Temperature of the noise source when it is on for the corre sponding measurement point The range is from 0 K to 100000 K Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL TEMPDATA 1MHZ 10 100 2MHZ 12 150 Defines a new temperature
79. amp S FSWP application performs measurements sequentially Before this command can be executed the Sequencer must be activated see SYSTem SEQuencer on page 140 A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R amp S FSWP User Manual Note In order to synchronize to the end of a sequential measurement using OPC OPC or WAI you must use SING1e Sequence mode For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSWP User Manual Suffix n irrelevant Parameters lt Mode gt Example Performing Measurements SINGle Each measurement is performed once regardless of the chan nel s sweep mode considering each channels sweep count until all measurements in all active channels have been per formed CONTinuous The measurements in each active channel are performed one after the other repeatedly regardless of the channel s sweep mode in the same order until the Sequencer is stopped CDEFined First a single sequence is performed Then only those channels in continuous sweep mode INIT CONT ON are repeated RST CONTinuous SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements SENSe CONFigure CONTrol lt Mode gt This command selects the measurement mode for the hot and cold power measure
80. and returns one result for each measurement point The unit depends on the result you are querying TRAC TRACE1 GAIN Queries the gain results for the first trace Query only See Noise Figure on page 16 See Gain on page 17 See Noise Temperature on page 17 See Y Factor on page 18 See Power Hot on page 19 See Power Cold on page 19 See Cal Y Factor on page 20 See Cal Power Hot on page 21 See Cal Power Cold on page 21 See Result Table on page 21 7 7 Defining the Measurement Frequency The following commands are necessary to define the frequency characteristics of the noise figure measurement Defining the Measurement Frequency SENSe CONFIgure FREQUency CONTINUOUS 2252 2 2 2 4 ge 107 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency SINGle 22iei eterne nint enne TREE 107 SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuoUs 1 ee eeeiieeeee nien nha annha nnn aha non 107 ISENSeTCONEFISUre EIS ee 108 SENSe IFREQUuesncy GENler 2 2 rr trei tec re ia 108 SENSeJFREQUsnGcy BIS DATA reta Ebo conu et dI Rie e ER EEN 108 SENSe SWEep POINES c 108 SENSe3FREQuesncy SINGle 2 maitre riae eter a eerta baeo EA E i 109 SENSe FREQuency SINGIe COUPlifig iii a a TAEDA 109 SENSeJFREQU amp ency E 109 Ei ET e 110 SENSe PREQUGNCY STEP codi A is tess 110 SENSE FREQUEN OV STOP cia ii 110 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTinuous Thi
81. ange Defines the maximum expected gain of the DUT The application uses the auto level range to determine the reference level automati cally if the 2nd stage correction is on Note that the range should not exceed the actual gain of the DUT by more than 10 dB Remote command SYSTem CONFigure DUT GAIN on page 126 RF Attenuation Defines the RF attenuation of the analyzer The attenuation is applied to the signal at the RF input Attenuation affects the quality of the noise measurement results For a low noise figure of the analyzer and thus more accurate measurement results you should keep the attenuation as low as possible No attenuation is best However some high power DUTs require attenuation to avoid an overload of the analyzer An attenuation of 10 dB will give better input VSWR of the analyzer but will result in a deteriorating noise fig ure Remote command INPut ATTenuation on page 124 Preamplifier Turns the preamplifier on and off The preamplifier should be turned on for a low inherent noise of the analyzer For R amp S FSWP26 or higher models the gain is 30 dB if the preamplifier is activated For the other models you can select a gain of 15 dB or 30 dB Remote command INPut GAIN STATe on page 125 5 7 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Using the Uncertainty Calculator Noise figure measurements are subject to uncertainty This measurement uncertainty has to be considered when making a noise figure m
82. arameters lt Stepsize gt Range 0 Hz to span RST 100 MHz Example FREQ STEP 100MHZ Defines a stepsize of 100 MHz Manual operation See Step on page 44 SENSe FREQuency STOP Frequency This command defines the stop frequency If you change the stop frequency the application creates a new frequency list Parameters Frequency RST RST value Example FREQ STOP 900MHZ Defines a stop frequency of 900 MHz Manual operation See Start and Stop Frequency on page 44 Selecting DUT Characteristics The following commands are necessary to define DUT characteristics Selecting DUT Characteristics SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem IF FREQuUency ee ecac cz cc etie kan 111 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO FREQuency isses 111 SENSe TCONFIgure MODBEDIJT 2 urea ccu prete entera ve cepe P th agen t PR e 111 Ei ee e E 112 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem IF FREQuency Frequency This command defines the frequency for DUTs with a fixed IF Parameters Frequency Range 0 Hz to 100 GHz RST 10 MHz if frequency converting mode has been selected Example CONF MODE SYST IF FREO 1GHZ Defines a fixed IF of 1 GHz Manual operation See IF Fixed on page 48 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO FREQuency lt LOFrequency gt This command defines the frequency for DUTs with a fixed LO Parameters lt LOFrequency gt Range 0 Hz to 100 GHz RST 10 MHz if freq
83. c scaling DISPlay WINDowcn TRACe Y SCALe AUTO on page 147 Manual minimum value DISPlay WINDowcn TRACe t Y SCALe BOTTom on page 147 Manual maximum value DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe TOP on page 148 Symbols Turns symbols that represent a measurement point on the trace on and off Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe SYMBols on page 146 Uncertainty Currently undocumented feature X Axis Selects the frequency data that is displayed on the x axis For measurements on frequency converting DUTs with a variable intermediary fre quency you can display either the RF frequency or the IF frequency Note that a change of the x axis scale applies to all result displays The Frequency Axis scale is also available via the FREQ key Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe X SCALe on page 147 Working with Traces 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results When configuring numerical results the dialog box selects the type of results you want to display in the result table The results in the table are based on a particular trace that you can select in the corresponding input field You can add an aspect of the measurement by placing a checkmark in front of the cor responding result on and remove it by removing the checkmark For more information on each result see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Dis plays on page 15 Table Noise PCold Uncertainty Y Facto
84. channel STATus OPERation PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable CORRection PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the Positive TRansition part of a register User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 175 Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements Setting a bit causes a 0 to 1 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated regis ter The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register Parameters lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt 7 20 Range O to 65535 String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel surements Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Mea Following is a list of deprecated remote commands The remote commands are still supported to maintain compatibility to previous versions of noise figure measurements like the R amp S FSV K30 but it is strongly recommended to use the command system in the way it is meant to be used in the R amp S FSWP K30 Legacy command Replaced by Comment CALCulate LIMit TRACe CALCulate LIMit TYPE Parameters NFIGure TEFFective and GAIN were supported to assign a limit line to a result and thus the trace because trace
85. colon Header and parame ters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g blank If there is more than one parameter for a command these are separated by a comma from one another Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI commands are described here For a more complete description refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSWP QD 7 2 1 Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may not be supported by this particular application Conventions used in Descriptions Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions e Command usage If not specified otherwise commands can be used both for setting and for querying parameters If a command can be used for setting or querying only or if it initiates an event the usage is stated explicitely e Parameter usage If not specified otherwise a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the result of a query Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 90 Introduction Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values e Conformity Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI con firmed All commands used by the R amp S
86. command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertaint y COMMon are off Parameters lt Uncertainty gt Cold temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR CAL UNC COLD 5 K Defines a low temperature uncertainty of 5 K Manual operation See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty HOT Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a calibration noise source This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters Uncertainty Hot temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR CAL UNC COLD 5 K Defines a high temperature uncertainty of 5 K Manual operation See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty lt Uncertainty gt This command defines the uncertainty of a noise source If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt Uncertainty gt Uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST 0 1 dB Example CALC UNC ENR UNC 0 05 Defin
87. ct a table to import or export An import copies the ENR or temperature table into the default table directory An export copies the table to a location outside the default table directory for example a memory stick The file extension has to be enr Edit Table Defines the noise source characteristics of a irregular noise source or the loss charac teristics of additional measurement equipment The noise source and loss tables are made up of up to 500 data points A data point consists of a frequency and its corresponding ENR temperature or loss value The ENR and temperature values should be supplied by the manufacturer of the noise source or resistor The loss characterictics of measurement equipment should also be supplied by the manufacturer ENR TEMP Settings Table Settings Active Tables Measurement Table Calibration Table Noise Source Noise Diode DEFAULT EXAMPLE Name Name of the ENR temperature or loss table Comment Comment for the ENR temperature or loss table Configuring Additional Loss Frequency Frequency of a particular ENR temperature or loss value Value ENR value or loss in dB In case of a resistor the characteristics of the resistor are defined by the noise temperatures Thot and Toy instead of a single value The unit in that case is Kelvin degrees Clear Table Deletes the contents of the table frequencies and values or the loss table Insert Inserts a new data point
88. d a sequential measurement is started immediately OFF 0 The Sequencer is deactivated Any running sequential measure ments are stopped Further Sequencer commands INIT SEQ are not available RST 0 Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single Sequencer mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements SYST SEQ OFF 7 14 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs e Radio Frequency RE Input torpet rent Rede nte re etc 141 e Extemial Generator x ent aerei rc redet lada 142 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs 7 14 1 Radio Frequency RF Input II eeh ET DT 141 ege WEE 141 INPUtFIETerRAPASsSESTATO iio ea 141 INPUEFI Ter VIG STATE E 142 INPut COUPling lt CouplingType gt This command selects the coupling type of the RF input Parameters lt CouplingType gt AC AC coupling DC DC coupling RST AC Example INP COUP DC Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Input Coupling on page 69 INPut IMPedance Impedance This command selects the nominal input impedance of the RF input In some applica tions only 50 O are supported 75 Q should be selected if the 50 O input impedance is transformed to a higher impe dance using a matching pad of the RAZ type 25 Q in series to the input impedance of the instrument The power loss correction value in this case is 1 76 dB 10 log 750 500 Parameter
89. ddeeensteedeceesteeeceeensteedcesesntedieeeestees 8 Conventions Used in the Documentation eene 9 Typographical Conventions vic wiii ai a on sant eu YR su 9 Conventions for Procedure Descrtpoitons trn nrnnnneertentnnnnnnnn neee 9 Notes on Screenshots decens id deii ed zeit ed d eue ed a Lov es 9 Welcome to the Noise Figure Measurement Application 11 Starting the Application lseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeseeeeee nennen nennen EEN 11 Understanding the Display Information eee 12 Measurements and Result Displays e eeeeeeee 15 Measurement BASICS coronarios 24 TUNING 24 Swept MeaSUrementS sinovial it aka a 25 Frequency Table Measurements 2 rada coe tae asa d d da 25 Single Frequency Measurements nieder eee aa noc e ad naaa 25 Measurement Modies ciini creen teer inna icona ANENA taa a oa R a Ea naa EE Ro a EANA 26 DUT TY 28 Measurements on Linear DU Ts ecce coe erret dert ee rede e edere 28 Measurements on Frequency Converting DUTe sse 28 External Generator Control eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee nennen nennen nennen na 29 Image Frequency Rejection eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenen nennen nnne nnn nnne nnns 31 Calibration 2nd Stage Correcti0N coocccoconicnnnccnnnnnnoncnnnnccnnnnrnnn nar
90. different separators in different languages Export Trace Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in to ASCII File ASCII format to the specified file and directory Remote command Decimal separator FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 150 Export trace to ASCII file MMEMor y STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 151 Selecting a trace FORMat DEXPort TRACes on page 151 Export the header FORMat DEXPort HEADer on page 150 Using Markers Markers help you to read out measurement results for particular frequencies or mark a particular point on a trace The noise figure application features four markers Markers in the noise figure application are linked If you use more than one measurement win dow and activate a marker in one window it also appears in all other measurement windows on the same horizontal position Marker Configuration ica iii dal ani n ee 79 e Marker Positioning cocinar NEESS 82 Marker Configuration The Marker Configuration dialog box and the Marker menu contain all functionality necessary to control markers You can access the Marker menu with the MKR key and the Marker Configuration dialog box with the Marker Config softkey The Marker Configuration dialog box consists of two tabs The Markers tab contains functionlity to define characteristics for each marker Using Markers TI 2 Ga Marker Marker Settings Ref Selected State X valu
91. e Figure Measurements application becomes available when you equip the R amp S FSWP with the optional Spectrum Analyzer hardware R amp S FSWP B1 and firm ware application R amp S FSWP K30 This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application pro vides including remote control operation Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum appli cation and are described in the R amp S FSWP User Manual The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the product homepage http www2 rohde schwarz com product FSWP html Installation Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the R amp S FSWP Noise Source Control The Noise Source Control connector on the R amp S FSWP is a prerequisite for the Noise measurement application e SEAMING ANS APICI NO DEE 11 e Understanding the Display Information eene 12 2 1 Starting the Application The noise figure measurement application adds a new type of measurement to the R amp S FSWP To activate the Noise Figure application 1 Select the MODE key A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available on your R amp S FSWP 2 Select the Noise item Understanding the Display Information The R amp S FSWP opens a new measurement channel for the noise figure measure ment application All settings s
92. e Type Marker workers Ta PS Nor BE E O CLNENG gt E ONE EN 7 70 gt E o EN 7 Y oo E E The Marker Settings tab contains general marker functionality Trace Markers Marker Settings Marker Table Marker Info On MARKO D EE 80 Marker We 81 Marker to E comet Rd 81 AN MAROS Olas 81 Marker d D 81 Marker Table E encoir rp rcm RR eet xe a oet ipte ie 81 E oM 82 Marker 1 4 Selects or turns the corresponding marker on and off Using Markers Turning on a marker also opens an input field to define the horizontal position of the marker By default the first marker you turn on is a normal marker all others are delta markers Marker Type Toggles the marker type The type for marker 1 is always Normal the type for delta marker 1 is always Delta These types cannot be changed Note If normal marker 1 is the active marker switching the Mkr Type activates an additional delta marker 1 For any other marker switching the marker type does not activate an additional marker it only switches the type of the selected marker Normal A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram Delta A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the speci fied reference marker marker 1 by default Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 161 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt
93. e application only measures at certain points in time it connects the results to draw a trace The right diagram border represents the present index 0 values to the left repre sent past measurement results index lt x gt As soon as the application finishes a single measurement the measurement points are moved to the left the new result is added on the right All other measurement points are moved down one position with the most obsolete result falling out of the diagram like in the roll mode of an oscillo scope Selecting the result display gt Select the Dl icon in the toolbar or press the MEAS key The application enters the SmartGrid configuration mode For more information on the SmartGrid functionality see the R amp S FSWP Getting Started Noe e UE 16 EE 17 Noise Teil e TE 17 boc ci 18 Power OO 19 POWER COND EE 19 Al d e 20 Cal Power AOU civic Ri 21 CaliP Owen E 21 PRES UNE TADS EE 21 e lge 22 Marker KEE 22 Noise Figure Shows the noise figure of the DUT The noise figure is the ratio of the signal to noise ratio at the DUT input to that at the DUT output SNR Noise Figure SNR out The vertical axis shows the level of the noise figure in dB The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays El 1 Noise Figure Start
94. e chapter 5 4 1 Selecting the Type of Noise Source on page 49 Remote command SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE on page 118 New Opens the Edit Table dialog box to create a new table The contents of the dialog box are empty Remote command Table selection SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect on page 114 and SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect on page 116 Diode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA on page 115 Resistor SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA on page 116 Edit Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table Remote command Table selection SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect on page 114 and SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect on page 116 Diode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA on page 115 Resistor SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA on page 116 Configuring the Noise Source Copy To Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table and save it under a new name Delete Deletes the selected table Remote command Diode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DELete on page 115 Resistor SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete on page 117 Import Export Table Opens a dialog box to sele
95. e horizontally Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt Distance gt Numeric value The unit depends on the scale of the x axis Manual operation See Shift x on page 88 Controlling Lower Limit Lines CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA 22 2 cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeneaeaeneeeeterenetees 155 CALCulate n LIMit k LOWer SHIFt eese nennen nnne nennen nnn 156 eGALCulatesm LIMiESESLOWOESTATG tiii aiii 156 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the vertical definition points of a lower limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of level values Note that the number of vertical values has to be the same as the number of horizontal values set with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA If not the R amp S FSWP either adds missing values or ignores surplus values RST Limit line state is OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data points on page 88 Working with Limit Lines CAL Culate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt Distance This command moves a complete lower limit line vertically Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define Parameters lt Di
96. e to substitute the hot resistor with the cold resistor to measure the hot and cold power respectively For these cases the application provides a manual measurement mode This measure ment mode is automatically selected when you select a noise source with resistor char acteristics but is not restricted to those cases The manual measurement mode is available for measurements and the calibration stage Performing a manual measurement In manual measurement mode you have to measure or calibrate the hot an cold power characteristics of the DUT separately When you start the measurement the application opens a dialog box that allows you to select the type of measurement to perform next Measurement Modes Measure PHot Measure PCold Noise Source ON Noise Source OFF Note that it is recommended and in case of uncalibrated measurements required to begin with the hot power measurement o Recommended order of measurements Furthermore calibration always begins with the hot power measurement In case the hot power has to be measured first the cold power measurement is unavailable Clear Calibration Results Calibrate PHot Noise Source ON When the first measurement is done you can change the test setup by connecting the other resistor and start the seconds measurement hot or cold depending on which measurement you have done first In the dialog box the measurement stage that is already done is labeled green
97. e to the Noise Figure Measurement Application MultiView Spectrum Rel level Auto An 1 Noise Figure Fig 2 1 Screen layout of the noise figure measurement application 1 Toolbar 2 Channel bar 3 Diagram header 4 Result display 5 Softkey bar 6 Status bar Channel bar information The channel bar contains information about the current measurement setup progress and results Noise Ref level Auto 30 00 dam RBW 3 MHz ENR Const 15d5B Mode Direct Att m SWT 30ms 2nd Stage Corr On SGL AVG 1 Calibration Data None PA Fig 2 2 Channel bar of the Noise Figure application Ref Level Reference level of the R amp S FSWP Att Attenuation of the R amp S FSWP RBW Resolution bandwidth SWT Sweep time AVG Number of averages ENR Excess noise ratio 2nd Stage Corr State of the 2nd stage correction Calibration Data Date and time of the current calibration data Mode Currently selected measurement mode Window title bar information For each diagram the header provides the following information CCAA A AAA User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 13 Understanding the Display Information 2 Gain D G 9 Fig 2 3 Window title bar information for the Noise Figure application 1 Window number 2 Window type 3 Trace color and number 4 Trace mode Status bar information Global instrument settings the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status ba
98. easurement The noise figure mea surement will be meaningless if the measurement uncertainty is too large Knowing the uncertainty of the noise figure measurement adds value especially when comparing measurement results Note that the noise figure uncertainty ist not calculated for frequencies above 67 GHz because input VSWR values are not specified Uncertainty values and systematic error recognition Note that the uncertainty calculation only takes systematic measurement inaccuracies into account The most significant inaccuracies are uncertainties of the noise source and the analyzer e input and output matching noise figure and gain of the DUT e noise figure of the analyzer The accuracy of the measurement may be additionally affected by insufficient repeata bility during calibration or measurement The repeatability is mainly affected by e signal to noise ratio during calibration and measurement e measurement time if it is too short environmental conditions e g a change in the temperature between measure ments mechanical stability of the test setup For more background information on noise figure measurement uncertainty refer to the application note The Y Factor Technique for Noise Figure Measurement available for download on the Rohde amp Schwarz homepage http www rohde schwarz com en applications the y factor technique for noise figure measurements application note 56280 15484 html In addition
99. easurement points during the actual measurement Parameters lt ENR gt Example Manual operation Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 15 Default unit dB CORR ENR MODE SPOT CORR ENR SPOT 30 Selects constant ENR value mode and defines an ENR of 30 dB for all measurement points See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE lt Type gt This command selects the type of noise source you are using for the measurement Parameters lt Type gt Example Manual operation DIODe Selects a noise source with diode characteristics RESistor Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics When you select this noise source type the application automat ically selects the manual measurement mode see SENSe CONFigure CONTrol RST DIODe CORR ENR TYPE RES Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics See Noise Source on page 53 Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD lt Temperature gt This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor not supplied with power Toga used during measurements The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE Parameters lt Temperature gt Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K Example CORR ENR TYPE RES CORR ENR SPOT COLD 100 Defi
100. ection LOSS INPut TABLe DELete ooccciccccccccccccocononcnnnnononananann nana nannnnnn 121 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SELect essen 121 SENSe CORRection OSS OU TPuUEMOBDPE 2 2 22 21 22 0 0 roce ia 121 SENSeJCORRectomLOSS OU TPutS POT 2 rete x eere iaa 122 IGENGeJCObRechonl OG OUTPuCTARL e 122 SENSe CORRection EOSS OU TPU TABLbe DEbLete eret cte tatnen 123 SENSe CORRection LOSS OU TPut TABLE SELEC icici 123 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the input loss mode Parameters lt Mode gt SPOT Uses a constant input loss value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut SPOT on page 120 TABLe Uses the contents of the input loss table RST SPOT Example CORR LOSS INP MODE SPOT Selects constant input loss Manual operation See Input Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut SPOT Loss This command defines a constant input loss for all measurement points Parameters Loss Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 0 dB Default unit dB Example CORR LOSS INP MODE SPOT CORR LOSS INP SPOT 10 Selects constant input loss mode and defines an input loss of 10 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Input Loss on page 56 Configuring Additional Loss SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe lt Frequency gt lt Loss gt Thi
101. eencia erant annona Ran n aix 170 7 19 1 Status Registers for Noise Figure Measurements eeeesseessseresrrserrssrrrrrersrrreeren 170 7 20 Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements 176 List of Remote Commands Noise Figure 177 gt dum 182 R amp S FSWP K30 Preface 1 Preface 1 1 About this Manual This User Manual provides all the information specific to the application All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications and operating modes are described in the main R amp S FSWP User Manual The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to obtain them The following topics are included Welcome to the Noise Figure Application Introduction to and getting familiar with the application Typical applications Example measurement scenarios in which the application is frequently used Measurements and Result Displays Details on supported measurements and their result types Noise Figure Measurement Basics Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the mea surement Noise Figure Measurement Configuration Analysis A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measure ments and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command How to Perform Measurements with the Noise F
102. ement points corre sponds to the number of entries in the frequency table and therefore the number of measurements displayed in the graphical results If you change the measurement points the application will change the stepsize accord ing to the span The Points setting is also available via the SPAN key Remote command SENSe SWEep POINts on page 108 Step Defines the frequency step size in the frequency table The stepsize corresponds to the distance between two consecutive measurement points 5 2 2 Defining the Measurement Frequency If you change the stepsize the application will change the measurement point accord ing to the span The Stepsize setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe FREQuency STEP on page 110 Configuring Single Frequency Measurements The Frequency Config tab in the Frequency Settings dialog box contains settings that define the frequency characteristics for the measurement In order to get accurate results changing the frequency may require a new calibration Frequency Config Tuning Mode Single Frequency Frequency Single 10 0 MHz Coupled to Sweep List On Off Points Sindle FredqHeiey 4 ecce rd rt tage o Peber aee tren et oce bete d aee e f dg et ve EP cds 45 Goupled IO SWCD E ie refiere dete veri rv pie er ree titor vd 45 Measurement PONS eicit rit tnra iaa ege 46 Single Frequency Defines the fr
103. ency list In that case the measurement is already calibrated for that frequency and no more steps are necessary The application recalls the last calibration values when you switch back to sweep mode or frequency table mode Only if you use a single frequency that is not part of the frequency list or use a com pletely different frequency outside the calibrated range will calibration become invalid and you should calibrate this frequency point e Interpolation If you change the frequency and the frequency span stays the same or gets smaller the application interpolates the correction data for the new measurement points instead of requesting a new calibration Measurements based on interpolated data might result in an increased measure ment uncertainty Highly accurate measurements that are conform to the values specified in the data sheet are only possible at calibrated measurement points Note that useful interpolation is possible only if essential calibration parameters e g impedance or attenuation change only slightly This is the case if the dis tance between the original calibration points has been sufficiently small If the span increases compared to the span during calibration a new calibration is necessary User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 34 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction Ifthe application interpolates the caibration data it shows a corresponding label in the channel bar and a warning message in the status bar e Inva
104. ent point The range is from 999 99 dB to 999 99 dB Example CORR LOSS OUTP TABL 1MHz 10 2MHz 12 Defines a new output loss table with two measurement points 7 11 Configuring the Analyzer Manual operation See Edit Table on page 54 See New on page 57 See Edit on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes an output loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR LOSS OUTP TABL DEL OutputLoss Deletes the table with the name Output oss Manual operation See Delete on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an output loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR LOSS OUTP TABL SEL OutputLoss Selects a table called OutputLoss Manual operation See Output Loss on page 56 Configuring the Analyzer The following commands are necessary to configure the analyzer ISENSeTCONEISUIe CORRGCUGI sees ee nq en y a ere trenes 123 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel essen 124 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO eseseeeeeeeeeeeee nen 124 INPut A TT enlalofi te geduet 124 unser III m 125 tre e ER ME 125 ISENGe IDANDwIOTRE Solution 125 SENS ICORRGCHOMES KE 126 SENSe SWEep COUNt cocinar ci dada 1
105. ents Noise Figure Gain etc Note however that the x axis has no unit but shows a series of results taken for a single frequency The number of displayed results depends on the number of measurement points you have defined For more information see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Displays on page 15 In addition you can also view the results in the Result Table in numerical form Single frequency measurements are not available when you are using a resistor as a noise source Measurement Modes In some cases the Power Hot and Power Cold results require two different noise sources with different temperature characteristics cold and hot An example are mea surements with a resistor that is used as a noise source Usually noise sources with diode characteristics are used for Noise Figure measure ments These noise sources have two states on and off When they are supplied with power state on the application measures the hot power when they are not sup plied with power state off it measures the cold power Turning the noise source on and off is automatically done by the application so that you can get the hot and cold power characteristics in a single step This automatic measurement mode is the default measurement mode of the Noise Figure Measurements application When you are using resistor as a noise source however this is not possible because two resistors one hot and one cold are required and you hav
106. ents with the Noise Figure application you have to install the optional External Generator Control hardware This option allows you to con trol an external generator and the type of signal it generates The typical measurement setup for such measurements includes the R amp S FSWP equipped with the optional Noise Figure Measurements application a signal generator R amp S FSWP K30 Measurement Basics and the DUT The signal generator is controlled either via the the LAN connection or the GPIB interface The GPIB interface is part of the optional External Generator Con trol hardware To enhance the measurement accuracy it is recommended to use a common refer ence frequency for both R amp S FSWP and signal generator in the measurement setup If you have no 10 MHz reference frequency on hand you can use the internal refer ence signal of the R amp S FSWP or signal generator For more information see the docu mentation of the R amp S FSWP or the signal generator Signal generator support The R amp S FSWP B10 supports various signal generators A list is available in the user interface see Generator Type and in the documentation of the R amp S FSWP Note that you have to specifically select the generator for the Noise Figure Measure ments application It does not inherit the generator settings from other applications It is also possible to add new signal generators to that list To do so you have to copy a custom signal generator
107. equency Table The Frequency Table tab in the Frequency Settings dialog box contains functional ity to manage the measurement frequencies The application populates the table according to the information you have entered in the Frequency Config tab if you press the Populate Table button Note that changes to the frequency table take effect only if you have selected the Fre quency Table tuning mode Frequency Table Tuning Mode Sweep 10 000 MHz 10 000 MHz 10 000 MHz 2 659 GHz 2 659 GHz 2 659 GHz 5 308 GHz 5 308 GHz 5 308 GHz 7 957 GHz 7 957 GHz 7 957 GHz 10 606 GHz 10 606 GHz 10 606 GHz 13 255 GHz 13 255 GHz 13 255 GHz 15 904 GHz 15 904 GHz 15 904 GHz eS Pm Ree 47 I II 47 Populate KEE 47 Selecting DUT Characteristics E eo gn O 47 BICI EU oa 47 POR DA E eT n RE 47 Frequency Table Shows the current measurement points The table is made up of one column that represents the measurement frequency Each frequency corresponds to one measurement point The length of the table is variable When you perform measurements in Sweep or Single Frequency tuning mode the contents of the table have no effect on the measurement When you select a table entry in Frequency Table tuning mode you can edit it or add a new frequency below the selected frequency A new frequency has to be greater than the last table entry and smaller than the next table entry Clear Table Deletes the contents of the table
108. equency that the single frequency measurement is performed on 95fb1617687e42d0 htm The Single setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe FREQuency SING1le on page 109 Coupled to Sweep List Couples or decouples frequency selection to the contents of a sweep list If you couple the frequency to the sweep list the application allows you to select only the frequencies currently part of the frequency list If you enter another frequency the application automatically selects the nearest frequency of the frequency list If the fre quency list has been calibrated previously calibration remains valid for those frequen cies when you change the tuning mode 5 2 3 Defining the Measurement Frequency If you turn the coupling off you can define any frequency for single frequency mea surements Note however that it may become necessary to calibrate the measurement for that frequency Remote command SENSe FREQuency SINGle COUPling on page 109 Measurement Points Defines the number of measurement points for single frequency measurements In case of single frequency measurements the number of measurement points corre sponds to the number of measurements index values performed on a single fre quency For more information see Single frequency measurements on page 15 The Points setting is also available via the SPAN key Remote command SENSe SWEep POINts on page 108 Using a Fr
109. erature Uncert ainty Defines the uncertainty of the hot and cols temperatures of the noise source you are using Refer to the datasheet of the noise source for these values Available for resistor noise sources Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD on page 131 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT on page 131 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD on page 130 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty HOT on page 130 Configuring DUT Characteristics Input Z Outp t Match rro nc terr ir 64 Lese Measurement ValuBS ioc Ert e rere Age cria 64 Input Output Match Defines the match at the DUT input and output You can define the match either as the VSWR or as the return loss RL If you define the VSWR or the return loss the application automatically calculates the other If these values are not defined in the DUT datasheet determine these values for example with a network analyzer Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN VSWR on page 131 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN RL on page 131 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT VSWR on page 132 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT RL on page 132 Use Measurement Values Turns automatic determination of the DUT characteristics used for the uncertainty cal culation on and off If on the application calculates the uncertainty with the DUT characteristics noise fig ure gain and frequency resul
110. ere eris 48 E ENEE 50 FEIN SOU FCO ee eer 51 EIN RADI e M N 52 Delete j pe 53 54 Evaluation methods Ee hence 98 Excess noise ratio ENR se 50 External generator nici PUN UE RO O Ae eeepc 70 Interface le EE 70 External reference External generator control sssrin 71 F Filters High pass remote sss 141 High pass RF input see 69 Di E sees 36 YIG remote 142 Fixed HE e E 48 Format Data remote ssssssssssss 149 150 151 Frequency o n esate 43 rie 44 cl n 44 Ioni n M 44 Ro RR 44 FEQUENCY CONVENSION DE 48 Frequency conversion measurements 28 Frequency E 25 47 Frequency set ccceccceeseseeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeseaeeeseaeesseaeeeetsaeees 42 Frequency table erenneren ENEE 47 G Generator type External Generator cocci n eee enero 70 Generators Frequency range external generator 71 Power range external generator 71 Setup files external generator 70 71 GPIB Address External generator sssssssss 71 External generator rrr theres 70 TTL synchronization External generator
111. eric value Example Setting SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Query SENSe FREQuency CENTer would return 1E9 In some cases numeric values may be returned as text e INENINE Infinity or negative infinity Represents the numeric values 9 9E37 or 9 9E37 e NAN Not a number Represents the numeric value 9 91E37 NAN is returned in case of errors Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represen ted by ON or a numeric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Introduction Querying boolean parameters When you query boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe would return 1 7 2 6 3 Character Data Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords You can enter text using a short or a long form For more information see chapter 7 2 2 Long and Short Form on page 91 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form Example Setting SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE NORMal Query SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE would return NORM 7 2 6 4 Character Strings Strings are alphanumeric characters They have to be in straight quotation marks You can use a single quotation mark or a double
112. ers quick context sen sitive access to the complete information needed for operation and programming Online help is available using the icon on the toolbar of the R amp S FSWP Getting Started This manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form and in PDF format on the DVD It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the instru ment Basic operations and handling are described Safety information is also included User Manuals User manuals are provided for the base unit and each additional firmware application The user manuals are available in PDF format in printable form on the Documenta tion DVD delivered with the instrument In the user manuals all instrument functions are described in detail Furthermore they provide a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples The user manual for the base unit provides basic information on operating the R amp S FSWP in general and the Spectrum application in particular Furthermore the software functions that enhance the basic functionality for various applications are described here An introduction to remote control is provided as well as information on maintenance instrument interfaces and troubleshooting In the individual application manuals the specific instrument functions of the applica tion are described in detail For additional information on default settings and parame ters refer to the data sheets
113. es an uncertainty of 0 05 dB Using the Uncertainty Calculator Manual operation See ENR Uncert ainty on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD lt Uncertainty gt This command defines the uncertainty of a resistor If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt Uncertainty gt Cold temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR UNC COLD 10 Defines an low temperature uncertainty of 10 K Manual operation See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT lt Uncertainty gt This command defines the uncertainty of a resistor If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt Uncertainty gt Hot temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR UNC HOT 10 Defines an high temperature uncertainty of 10 K Manual operation See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the DUT input Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 50 0 dB Example CALC UNC MATC
114. es in each active measurement window Stored limit line settings When storing and recalling limit line settings consider the information provided in the Data Management chapter of the R amp S FSWP User Manual e Limit LneManagetmeri nocet ec etri d Eat ce eet or eee dns 84 e Mine Dells anta train 87 6 4 1 Limit Line Management Access to limit line settings gt Overview gt Analysis gt Lines gt Limit Lines Limit Line Settings and Functions Comment View Filter Show compatible Show lines for Noise For the limit line overview the R amp S FSWP searches for all stored limit lines with the file extension LIN in the limits subfolder of the main installation folder The overview allows you to determine which limit lines are available and can be used for the current measurement For details on settings for individual lines see chapter 6 4 2 Limit Line Details on page 87 INERT EE 85 p ee EE 85 penes at a dd 85 MISIDIIEO sidad aia 86 Traces to DE CHECKER EE 86 COMMO EE 86 Show compatible limit lies pri E Eri re ali 86 Show lines Tor DIS sica 86 CreatehNeuwlmne 86 Sela E i aa aan aaa 86 Pos cuarta a a ii A oi 86 Delete LIME osa 86 Disable AMS oia eh e ee e rr E Ern t Rd rie tU a eee e ete a etae 86 Name The name of the stored limit line Unit The unit in which the y values of the data points of the limit line are defined Compatibility Ind
115. esult LAY ADD 1 LEFT MTAB Result 2 Adds a new window named 2 with a marker table to the left of window 1 Query only See Noise Figure on page 16 See Gain on page 17 See Noise Temperature on page 17 See Y Factor on page 18 See Power Hot on page 19 See Power Cold on page 19 See Cal Y Factor on page 20 See Cal Power Hot on page 21 See Cal Power Cold on page 21 See Result Table on page 21 See Marker Table on page 22 Table 7 2 lt WindowType gt parameter values for Noise Figure application Parameter value Window type CPCold Cal Power Cold CPHot Cal Power Hot CYFactor Cal Y Factor GAIN Gain result display MTABle Marker table NOISe Noise figure result display PCOLd Power cold result display PHOT Power hot result display Working with Windows in the Display Parameter value Window type RESults Result table TEMPerature Noise temperature result display YFACtor Y Factor result display LAYout CATalog WINDow This command queries the name and index of all active windows in the active mea surement channel from top left to bottom right The result is a comma separated list of values for each window with the syntax lt WindowName_1 gt lt Windowlndex_1 gt lt WindowName_n gt lt Windowlndex_n gt Return values lt WindowName gt string Name of the window In the default state the name of the window is
116. esult display window temporarily To change the size of several windows on the screen permanently use the LAY SPL command see LAYout SPLitter on page 101 Parameters lt Size gt LARGe Maximizes the selected window to full screen Other windows are still active in the background SMALI Reduces the size of the selected window to its original size If more than one measurement window was displayed originally these are visible again RST SMALI Example DISP WIND2 LARG Measurement Results The following commands are necessary to query measurement results TRACe lt n gt DATA lt Trace gt lt Result gt This command queries the noise measurement results Query parameters lt Trace gt Selects the trace to be read out TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 lt Result gt Return values lt TraceData gt Example Usage Manual operation Defining the Measurement Frequency Selects the result display to be read out CPCold Queries calibration power cold results CPHot Queries calibration power hot results CYFactor Queries calibration y factor results GAIN Queries gain reuslts NOISe Queries noise figure results NUNCertainty Queries noise figure uncertainty results PCOLd Queries power cold results PHOT Queries power hot results TEMPerature Queries noise temperature results YFACtor Queries y factor results For any graphical result display the comm
117. eters lt Temperature gt Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K Configuring the Noise Source Example CORR ENR CAL TYPE RES CORR ENR CAL SPOT COLD 100 Defines a cold temperature of 100 K Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT HOT Temperature This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor supplied with power Thot used during calibration The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE Parameters lt Temperature gt Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K Example CORR ENR TYPE RES CORR ENR CAL SPOT HOT 300 Defines a cold temperature of 300 K Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration MODE Mode This command selects the ENR mode for the calibration This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Parameters Mode SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT TABLe Uses the contents of the ENR table RST SPOT Example CORR ENR CAL MODE SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT lt ENR gt This com
118. evel but the reference level is coupled to the attenuation Thus if the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually the command also adjusts the reference level Parameters lt Attenuation gt Range see data sheet Increment 5dB RST 10 dB AUTO is set to ON Configuring the Analyzer Example INP ATT 30dB Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from the reference level Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See RF Attenuation on page 61 INPut GAIN VALue lt Gain gt This command selects the gain level if the preamplifier is activated INP GAIN STAT ON see INPut GAIN STATe on page 125 The command requires the additional preamplifier hardware option Parameters lt Gain gt 15 dB 30 dB The availability of gain levels depends on the model of the R amp S FSWP R amp S FSWP8 15dB and 30 dB R amp S FSWP26 or higher 30 dB RST OFF Example INP GAIN VAL 30 Switches on 30 dB preamplification Usage SCPI confirmed INPut GAIN STATe lt State gt This command turns the preamplifier on and off It requires the optional preamplifiier hardware Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP GAIN STAT ON Switches on 30 dB preamplification Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Preamplifier on page 61 SENSe BANDwidth RESolution lt Bandwidth gt This command defines the resolution bandwidth and decouples
119. f with Nn Noise power dB with noise source on N y Noise power dB with noise source off The vertical axis shows the linear relation The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box m EP EIN NN CK NN NN UU aa User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 18 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays JEE 3 Y Factor Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH YFAC see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA YFACtor Power Hot Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input The noise source is turned on The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box 2 Power hot Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH PHOT see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA PHOT Power Cold Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input The noise source is turned off The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box EECH User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 19 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays p _ lt 3 Power cold Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH PCOL see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98
120. ffset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt Distance gt Defines the distance that the limit line moves Usage Event Manual operation See Shift y on page 88 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer STATe lt State gt This command turns an upper limit line on and off Before you can use the command you have to select a limit line with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 153 lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Visibility on page 86 7 17 5 Managing Limit Lines Be uod MINES EGIT e v 157 GAL OGulatesm LIMitek COPY iaa 158 CALC E EE e RE 158 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACTive This command queries the names of all active limit lines lt n gt lt k gt are irrelevant Return values lt LimitLines gt String containing the names of all active limit lines in alphabeti cal order Example CALC LIM ACT Queries the names of all active limit lines Usage Query only Manual operation See Visibility on page 86 7 17 6 Working with Limit Lines CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COPY lt Line gt This command copies a limit line Parameters lt Line gt 1to8 number of the new limit line lt name gt String containing the name of the limit line Example CALC LIM1 COPY 2 Copies limit line 1 to l
121. field Overview of Remote Command Suffixes 7 Remote Control Commands for Noise Mea surements The following remote control commands are required to configure and perform noise figure measurements in a remote environment The R amp S FSWP must already be set up for remote operation in a network as described in the base unit manual Universal functionality Note that basic tasks that are also performed in the base unit in the same way are not described here For a description of such tasks see the R amp S FSWP User Manual In particular this includes Managing Settings and Results i e storing and loading settings and result data Basic instrument configuration e g checking the system configuration customizing the screen layout or configuring networks and remote operation Using the common status registers specific status registers for Pulse measure ments are not used Overview of Remote Command SuffixeS eesssesesrrreesrssrrreeerreeerrnnsnneennneerinennneeenne 89 MACE OU OU RE 90 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel eese 95 Working with Windows in the Display eee neces 98 General Window Commas acota 104 Measurement FROSUNG ener ed ree gi deg n nee ge tet 105 Defining the Measurement Frequeney uiae reitera eau is 106 Selecting DUT Chargactglists aiii 110 Configuring the Noise SOUFCO iiic ni 112 eu elle gel 120 Configuring ft 123 Using the Uncertainty
122. fig Lo Local Oscillator The local oscillator can have a fixed or a variable frequency If the LO frequency is fixed the intermediate frequency IF resulting from the conversion process is variable depending on the input signal If the LO frequency is variable the IF has to be fixed The application provides measurement for both measurement scenarios Fixed intermediate frequency If you select one of the fixed IF measurement modes the IF is the same for all entries in the frequency list The LO frequency for each entry is variable and is the result of the equation the selected mode is based on o frr fie for up converters fre fip for down converters The fixed IF measurement modes are for example useful for measurements on mix ers Note that fixed IF measurements are only possible if the R amp S FSWP is equipped with the optional External Generator Control hardware For more information see chap ter 4 4 External Generator Control on page 29 Fixed LO frequency If you select one of the fixed LO measurement modes the LO frequency is the same for all entries in the frequency list The IF frequency for each entry is variable and is the result of the equation the selected mode is based on Tor flo for up converters e fer fio for down converters The fixed LO measurement modes are for example required for measurements on satellite converters External Generator Control To perform fixed IF measurem
123. fines the distance between two measurement points It is constant for all measurement points If the stepsize is larger than the distance between start and stop frequency the fre quency table consists of the start and stop frequencies only 4 1 2 Frequency Table Measurements The frequency table tuning mode also performs measurements on a set of frequen cies based on the contents of a frequency list Each measurement analyzes the noise characteristics of the corresponding frequency Compared to a swept measurement you can customize the contents of the frequency list Thus you can add frequencies that are independent of the frequency stepsize and the number of measurement points 4 1 3 Single Frequency Measurements The single frequency tuning mode performs one or several consecutive measure ments on a single frequency You can perform the measurement on any frequency that is supported by the hardware you are using Single frequency measurements are a way to facilitate manual adjustments for noise figure measurements They also allow you to get an idea about how the noise figure at a particular frequency change over time Note that sweep lists or frequency tables are not considered in this measurement mode User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 25 4 2 Measurement Modes Single frequency measurement results For single frequency measurements the same set of graphical result displays is availa ble as for frequency list measurem
124. g computer Note that the command has no effect for data that you send to the R amp S FSWP The R amp S FSWP automatically recognizes the data it receives regardless of the format Working with Traces Parameters lt Format gt ASCii ASCii format separated by commas This format is almost always suitable regardless of the actual data format However the data is not as compact as other for mats may be REAL 32 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point numbers in the definite length block format The format setting REAL is used for the binary transmission of trace data For UO data 8 bytes per sample are returned for this format set ting RST ASCII Example FORM REAL 32 Usage SCPI confirmed FORMat DEXPort DSEParator lt Separator gt This command selects the decimal separator for data exported in ASCII format Parameters lt Separator gt COMMa Uses a comma as decimal separator e g 4 05 POINt Uses a point as decimal separator e g 4 05 RST RST has no effect on the decimal separator Default is POINt Example FORM DEXP DSEP POIN Sets the decimal point as separator Manual operation See Trace Export on page 78 FORMat DEXPort HEADer lt State gt If enabled additional instrument and measurement settings are included in the header of the export file for result data If disabled only the pure result data from the selected traces and tables is exported Parameters lt State gt ON
125. gt String containing the path and name of the target file Example MMEM STOR1 TRAC 3 C TEST ASC Stores trace 3 from window 1 in the file TEST ASC Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 78 TRACe lt n gt COPY lt TraceNumber gt lt TraceNumber gt This command copies data from one trace to another 7 17 Working with Limit Lines Parameters lt TraceNumber gt TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 lt TraceNumber gt The first parameter is the destination trace the second parame ter is the source Note the e in the parameter is required Example TRAC COPY TRACE1 TRACE2 Copies the data from trace 2 to trace 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Copy Trace on page 78 Working with Limit Lines The following commands are necessary to set up limit lines and checks When configuring limit lines for the noise figure application via remote control you have to send some commands in a defined order 1 Select the limit line you want to configure by name or create a new limit line name 2 Select the result type you want to apply the limit line to The application automatically selects the unit and scale to make the line compati ble to the result type 3 Define the horizontal data points of the limit line 4 Define the vertical data points of the limit line Depending on the command syntax you are using the shape also defines if the limit line is an upper or lower
126. he measurement frequencies the application will interpolate between values The Table Settings tab contains a list of loss tables currently available on the R amp S FSWP and shows the tables you are currently using if you have selected one in the Loss Settings tab In addition the tab contains functionality to create new tables and modify existing ones NM E E 57 e M 58 COD KEE 58 Br cc Y 58 Import Export Table concisa 58 New Opens the Edit Table dialog box to create a new loss table The contents of the dialog box are empty Remote command Create input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe on page 121 Create output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe on page 122 Configuring the Analyzer Edit Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table Remote command Edit input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe on page 121 Edit output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe on page 122 Copy To Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table and save it under a new name Delete Deletes the selected table Remote command Delete input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe DELete on page 121 Delete output loss table SENSe CORRection L
127. he results Calibration for noise figure measurements is also known as 2nd stage correction This term is used because in a typical noise figure test setup the DUT represents the first stage and the analyzer the second stage in the test setup It is independent of the overall calibration state of the analyzer and does not calibrate D The 2nd stage correction is a calibration that is specific to noise figure measurements the analyzer For successful calibration you need additional equipment e Noise source The noise source is like a calibration standard It provides a reference with known noise characteristics that allows the application to determine the inherent noise of the analyzer you are using During the calibration the application measures the inherent noise characteristics of the analyzer at the set of measurement frequencies Thus the 2nd stage correction is valid for a particular instrument configuration the room temperature and the instrument temperature As long as this configuration stays the same calibration data remains valid O Calibrating single frequency measurements Like all other measurements of the Noise Figure application single frequency mea surements should be performed in a calibrated state for increased accuracy Note that there is an easy way to calibrate single frequency measurements if you have calibrated the application for swept or list measurements and the single frequency is part of the frequ
128. he temperature via remote control the unit is degree Kelvin Remote command SENSe CORRection TEMPerature on page 119 Using an ENR or Temperature Table The Table Settings tab in the ENR TEMP Settings dialog box contains the function ality to create and edit ENR or temperature tables ENR or temperature tables contain the noise source characteristics for particular fre quencies If the table does not contain ENR or temperature values for one of the mea surement frequencies the application will interpolate between the values Configuring the Noise Source The Table Settings tab contains a list of ENR and temperature tables currently availa ble on the R amp S FSWP and shows the table currently in use if the ENR TEMP Set tings are enabled In addition the tab contains functionality to create new tables and modify existing ones Nolse SOUNC ui ic iia 53 MV 53 53 MON e EE 54 DAI na 54 IMPOR MENO al TTT 54 Edit Tal iii A A A A re eee 54 Noise Source Selects the type of noise source you are using for the measurement The noise source type affects the data type that the table contains In case of a Noise Diode the table contains the ENR values of the noise source you are using In case of a Resistor the table contains the noise temperatures of the resistors Thot and Toja For more information on the noise source types se
129. he way the results are displayed in the diagram The contents depend on whether you want to configure a graphical result display or a numerical result display Specifics for The settings you make apply to the results you have selected in the Specifics for dropdown menu If more than one window is on Specifics for also puts the focus on the corresponding window e Configuring Graphical RESUS uu iia nda tina 75 e Configuring Numerical Results nn 77 Configuring Graphical Results When configuring graphical results the dialog box contains functionality to scale and set up the diagram axes 1 Auto Scale On Off md Max Min Symbols On Configuring the Display EA o A A A E 76 Auto Scale J Mim MX nc tina 76 ler 76 MO O 76 AAKS etre Gite teer OUTRE EQ ULL retire reecepererrprecererserrrepeererrerrere tec verter reer ERE ELA Pe REED 76 Y Axis Selects the result display and thus the scaling of the vertical axis For more information see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Displays on page 15 Auto Scale Min Max Turns automatic scaling of the vertical axis on and off If on the application optimizes the scaling of the vertical axis after each measurement for ideal viewing of the results If off you can define the scaling manually The Min and Max input fields become available These two input fields define the values at the top and bottom of the vertical axis Remote command Automati
130. icates whether the limit line definition is compatible with the current measurement settings Limit Line Settings and Functions Visibility Displays or hides the limit line in the diagram Up to 8 limit lines can be visible at the same time Inactive limit lines can also be displayed in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe on page 156 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer STATe on page 157 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACTive on page 157 Traces to be Checked Defines which traces are automatically checked for conformance with the limit lines As soon as a trace to be checked is defined the assigned limit line is active One limit line can be activated for several traces simultaneously If any of the Traces to be Checked violate any of the active limit lines a message is indicated in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 160 Comment An optional description of the limit line Show compatible limit lines Defines which of the stored limit lines are included in the overview If active only limit lines that are compatible to the result display currently in focus are displayed Show lines for noise If activated default only limit lines created for noise figure measurements are dis played Otherwise all limit lines are displayed Create New Line Creates a new limit line Edit Line Edit an existing limit line configurat
131. ication the frequency position of the marker in the other window is updated accordingly even if it means that the marker is on a peak in one window only Select Maker X ae teciiee x reset tea harry da 82 ss E y PP N o NENNEN ENNEN ege 83 Search Next PEAK aiii dani 83 COI arden 83 elei Tir in BE 84 Marker to Single Fregueney EEN eene epne tene e conten cce pn tek pr ter ek ERR neto ena 84 Select Marker x Opens a dialog box to select and activate or deactivate one or more markers The number in the softkey label x shows the number of the currently selected marker Using Markers Selected State Remote command Marker selected via suffix lt m gt in remote commands Peak Search Sets the selected marker delta marker to the maximum of the trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum PEAK on page 167 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK on page 169 Search Next Peak Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next lower maximum of the assigned trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 167 CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum RIGHt on page 167 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 166 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 168 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum RIGHt on page 169 CALCulate lt n gt
132. identical measurement set tings The name of the new channel is the same as the copied channel extended by a consecutive number e g IQAnalyzer gt IQAnalyzer2 The channel to be duplicated must be selected first using the INST SEL command Example INST SEL PhaseNoise INST CRE DUPL Duplicates the channel named PhaseNoise and creates a new measurement channel named PhaseNoise 2 Usage Event INSTrument CREate NEW lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName gt This command adds an additional measurement channel The number of measurement channels you can configure at the same time depends on available memory Parameters lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 96 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The channel name is displayed as the tab label for the measurement channel Note If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel see INSTrument LIST on page 96 Example INST CRE PNO PhaseNoise 2 Adds an additional phase noise display named PhaseNoise 2 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel INSTrument CREate REPLace lt ChannelName1 gt lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName2 gt This command replaces a measurement channel with another one Setting parameters lt ChannelName1 gt String conta
133. igure Application The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step by step instructions for more complex tasks or alternative methods Measurement Examples Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement sce narios and allow you to try out the application immediately Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements Remote commands required to configure and perform noise figure measurements in a remote environment sorted by tasks Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the instrument are provided in the main R amp S FSWP User Manual Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually be executed directly for test purposes Annex Reference material List of remote commands Alphahabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual Index User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 7 Documentation Overview 1 2 Documentation Overview The user documentation for the R amp S FSWP consists of the following parts e Printed Getting Started manual e Online Help system on the instrument e Documentation DVD with Getting Started User Manuals for base unit and firmware applications Service Manual Release Notes Data sheet and product brochures Online Help The Online Help is embedded in the instrument s firmware It off
134. ine 2 CALC LIM1 COPY FM2 Copies limit line 1 to a new line named FM2 Manual operation See Copy Line on page 86 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt DELete This command deletes a limit line Usage Event Manual operation See Delete Line on page 86 Controlling Limit Checks CALCulate lt n gt LlMit lt k gt CLEar IMMediate eene ene 158 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks EA 158 GAL GulatesmsLbIMIESKSIS TET E 159 GALOulate n LIMIESKS TRACE tued a idad dada 159 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECK ccccccccccsesceceeecceceseeeeaeseeteeeeeesageceseeseesaeeees 160 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CLEar IMMediate This command deletes the result of the current limit check The command works on all limit lines in all measurement windows at the same time lt n gt lt k gt are irrelevant Example CALC LIM CLE Deletes the result of the limit check Usage SCPI confirmed CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt FAIL This command queries the result of a limit check To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single measurement mode Working with Limit Lines Return values lt Result gt 0 PASS 1 FAIL Example INIT WAI Starts a new sweep and waits for its end CALC LIM3 FAIL Queries the result of the check for limit line 3 Usage Query onl
135. ining the name of the measurement channel you want to replace lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 96 lt ChannelName2 gt String containing the name of the new channel Note If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel see INSTrument LIST on page 96 Example INST CRE REPL PhaseNoise PNO PNO2 Replaces the channel named PhaseNoise by a new measure ment channel of type Phase Noise named PNO2 Usage Setting only INSTrument DELete lt ChannelName gt This command deletes a measurement channel If you delete the last measurement channel the default Phase Noise channel is acti vated Parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel you want to delete A measurement channel must exist in order to be able delete it Example INST DEL PhaseNoise Deletes the channel with the name PhaseNoise Usage Event INSTrument LIST This command queries all active measurement channels This is useful in order to obtain the names of the existing measurement channels which are required in order to replace or delete the channels Return values lt ChannelType gt For each channel the command returns the channel type and lt ChannelName gt channel name see tables below Tip to change the channel name
136. into account include the insertion loss of the fil ter at the RF To consider the actual filter suppression at the image frequency include the actual attenuation for the image rejection Harmonics mixer measurement For a harmonics mixer the input signals are not only converted to the IF by the wanted harmonic but also by the harmonic of the LO signal produced in the mixer In many cases the mixer even features a lower conversion loss in the case of unwanted har monics For measurements on this type of mixer you have to use a bandpass filter to make sure that that there is only noise at the desired input frequency at the input of the DUT This measurement is similar to measurements on a mixer with an average side band suppression Calibration 2nd Stage Correction The calibration procedure of the application measures the inherent noise of the R amp S FSWP you are using Performing calibration therefore is recommended as it increases the accuracy of measurement results The results get more accurate R amp S FSWP K30 Measurement Basics _ _ _ _ ___ _______________ __ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ ____________________ because the application takes the inherent noise of the analyzer into account while it calculates t
137. ion Copy Line Copy the selected limit line configuration to create a new line Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COPY on page 158 Delete Line Delete the selected limit line configuration Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt DELete on page 158 Disable All Lines Disable all limit lines in one step Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt STATe on page 159 Limit Line Settings and Functions 6 4 2 Limit Line Details Access to limit line design gt Overview gt Analysis gt Lines gt Limit Lines gt New Edit Copy To Name LLT1A 7 o J oise ul Value J 5 20 d8 Le 100 00000000 MHz JI 500 00000000 MHz 750 00000000 MHz 1 00000000000 GHz 1 04 GHz DAA OM EE 88 MSC dde 88 Delete Vale a ideas 88 Se EE 88 lE 88 GWE H TTEORSES 88 Name Defines the limit line name All names must be compatible with Windows conventions for file names The limit line data is stored under this name with a LIN extension Remote command CALCulate n LIMit k NAME on page 153 Comment Defines an optional comment for the limit line The text may contain up to 40 charac ters Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COMMent on page 153 Limit Line Settings and Functions Y Axis Describes the vertical axis on which the data p
138. ion See Auto Scale Min Max on page 76 Working with Traces The following commands are necessary to define trace characteristics DISPlayEWiINDow lt n iT RACest gt MODE va bates eats ropa t te eire t eee 149 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t STATe eese nans nn datas asesinado 149 FORMA DATA RR RO RETE 149 FoORMatEDEXPOIDSEPaESIOE coito ug anie eve paa ea Fun ii A cda 150 eii pecie Mz BI T an sd 150 FORMatDEXPoRTRAQGBS nonnai E ER euceaa A aio 151 esit er ERST C EMIL m 151 TRAGO COP M AAA A 151 Working with Traces DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE Mode This command selects the trace mode Parameters lt Mode BLANK VIEW WRITe RST Trace 1 WRITe Trace 2 4 BLANK Example INIT CONT OFF Switching to single sweep mode SWE COUN 16 Sets the number of measurements to 16 DISP TRAC3 MODE WRIT Selects clear write mode for trace 3 INIT WAI Starts the measurement and waits for the end of the measure ment Manual operation See Traces on page 78 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt STATe State This command turns a trace on and off The measurement continues in the background Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 RST Trace 1 1 Trace 2 4 0 Example DISP TRAC3 ON Usage SCPI confirmed FORMat DATA lt Format gt This command selects the data format that is used for transmission of trace data from the R amp S FSWP to the controllin
139. ionable CORRection PTRansition esses ennt enne 175 STATus QUEStioriable CORRection EVENI J n rto tr rrr tr nie prre ean 174 SIATus QUEStionable EIMItNTRansItIOLI sicci coa co oerte that cuire tte ro caer carere cias a 175 SGTATus OU S onable LU lMt P Ransition nennen nnne nennen nnne nennen nennen 175 STATus QUEStionable LIMItEEMVENt irrepsit teo ert TO ERES 174 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator T YBPE 2 arret three hae terrre nbi 144 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDRESS 0 ccccseceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeneseeeeesneeeneenee 145 SYSTem CONFigure DUTGA N oca a A sade Aa SYSTem CONFigure DUT STIMe SYsSTtem CONFigure GENerator CONTO STATE viscosa rer Rte pn hi aria 145 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialiSe AU TO 5 t ne tren rrr tere nne 145 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise IMMediate nne 145 SYSTem CONFig re GENerat r SWITeM AUTO 146 SYSTtem PRESet CHANnel EXEGU O aaria t rrt toner or ee e en Ea 98 SV STEM SEQUEMCEM m 140 TRACe lt n gt COPY s RS e EE RE KE 105 Index Symbols lt note gt lt p gt For upconverting measurements if a lt xref y id ID_b3f58cd4bd981 1e49e7fb3229e1736e4 y tar get id ID_f9983a6222fff9d20a00206a01 aaeab8 y io id 3 1fc1 focc9a2dd040a001ae7547c5ca6 y io ver sion 8 y io language en y io variant US y io name FPS Preamplifier y
140. is command moves a marker to the highest level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Peak Search on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt This command moves a marker to the next lower peak The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next minimum value Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT This command moves a marker to the next minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 7 18 5 Working with Markers CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command moves a marker to the minimum level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Search Minimum on page 83 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt This command moves a marker to the next minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 84 Positioning Delta Markers
141. le SYST CONF GEN CONT STAT ON Turns on automatic generator control Manual operation See Automatic Control on page 72 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise AUTO lt State gt This command turns automatic connection to the generator on and off If on the application automatically configures the generator before each measurement and turns on its RF output Note that you have to establish a connection to the genera tor before you can perform the measurement The command is available with option R amp S FSWP B10 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example SYST CONF GEN INIT AUTO ON Turns automatic generator configuration on Manual operation See Init Before Meas on page 72 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise IMMediate This command establishes a connection to the external generator Configuring the Display When you send the command the application configures the generator once and turns on its RF output Note that you have to establish a connection to the generator before you can perform the measurement The command is available with option R amp S FSWP B10 Usage Event Manual operation See Init External Generator on page 74 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITch AUTO lt State gt This command turns automatic deactivation of the generator s RF output after a mea surement is done on and off The command is available with option R amp S FSWP B10 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST O
142. lication Without this connector no measurement can be per formed When you activate a measurement channel in the Noise application a measurement for the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration The Noise Figure menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions Unavailable hardkeys Note that the AMPT AUTO SET BW TRIG and MKR FUNC keys have no contents and no function in the Noise Figure application e Configuration Oveni W n nnne SaN n essi nnne 40 e Defining the Measurement Freguency e 42 e Selecting DUT Characteristes cuina t totis 47 e Configuring the Noise SOUFIGe cerit rere e eec 49 e Configuring e le EE 55 e Configuring the Analyzer eret xev i t e exe v e e 58 e Using the Uncertainty Caleulator uiid ivre ea edi eid ert co 62 e Performing Measurements ener metre steer nnne nnne 67 e Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP esee 68 Configuration Overview Throughout the measurement channel configuration an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the Overview The Overview is displayed when you select the Overview icon which is available at the bottom of all softkey menus Configuration Overview In addition to the main measurement settings the Overview provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes The individual configuration steps are displayed
143. lid calibration If you change one of the amplitude parameters e g the attenuation calibration is labeled invalid In that case calibration is not accurate because the settings are not in line with the settings at the time the R amp S FSWP has been calibrated If cali bration is invalid repeat the calibration or restore the settings as they were during the calibration Saving calibration data If you save the current configuration or measurement results to a data set calibration data is part of that data set For more information on saving and restoring data sets see chapter Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data in the user manual of the R amp S FSWP The picture below shows a typical calibration setup that includes a noise source Fig 4 1 Noise figure calibration setup 1 Connect the noise source directly and without a cable to the RF input of the ana lyzer 2 Connect the noise source to the 28 V voltage supply Noise Source interface on the back of the R amp S FSWP To connect the noise source to the voltage supply you need a coaxial cable After you have set up calibration there are several ways to start calibration e Inthe Noise Overview dialog box press the Calibrate button e Inthe Sweep menu press the Calibrate softkey R amp S FSWP K30 Measurement Basics 4 7 Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Reso lution Bandwidth The resolution bandwidth defines
144. linktype any y link required true gt lt p text gt lt y label gt lt p text gt lt xref gt is used make sure the upconverted frequencies for the mea surement stay below the maximum frequency the preampli fier supports lt p gt lt note gt Configuration 40 2nd stage correctionm oes coe ES 33 59 A Aborting EUIS 67 68 AC DC COUINO x cerra recette cortes 69 Attenuation ve Auto level range EE 61 Cl e visi 59 B Bandwidth Resol siria 36 59 C CaliDratioi EE 33 59 68 Capture time see also Measurement time ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 126 Center frequency E CS e r Closing Channels remote Windows remote Comment Bu ue EE 87 Compatibility Bu EE 85 Continuous sweep SONKEY casera dai loci ronca 67 Conventions Re lun ue 90 Copying Measurement channel remote 95 NN 2 sec 78 Coupling Input Femote s c etr tero petrae 141 D Data format REMOTE TETTE 149 150 151 Deleting Limit line values ococcnococccncccnnonononcnncnonononnncnnocncnnnnnns 88 Delta markers Biomed eres Direct measurement da Direct measurements ooococcccnonococccnnncnononnonnnnnnnnannnnnnnncnon Duplicating Measurement channel remote 95 DUT characteristics ecos r
145. mand defines the constant ENR for all measurement points during calibration This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Configuring the Noise Source Parameters lt ENR gt Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 15 Default unit dB Example CORR ENR CAL MODE SPOT CORR ENR CAL SPOT 30 Selects constant ENR value mode and defines an ENR of 30 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an ENR or temperature table for calibration Note that the contents of the table are independent of whether you use it for calibration or the actual measurement When you want to edit a table regardless if you want to use it later for a measurement or for calibration you have to use SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect This command only selects a table for calibration This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL SEL ENRTable Selects a table called ENRT able Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE lt Type gt This c
146. me as the noise figure of the analyzer shown in the SA NF field SCPI commands CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty on page 135 CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer NOISe UNCertainty on page 135 5 7 4 Guidelines and Results The lower part of the dialog box contains measurement guidelines that provide infor mation on the quality of measurement and the actual noise figure uncertainty Guidelines The guidelines are an indicator of the quality of the measurement and an indicator the repeatability of the measurement The three guidelines are e Make sure that the noise figure of the DUT and the gain of the DUT is greater than the noise figure of the analyzer plus 1 dB e Make sure that the ENR of the noise source is greater than the noise figure of the DUT plus 5 dB e Make sure that the ENR of the noise source is greater than the noise figure of the analyzer plus 3 dB A short form of these guidelines is indicated in the Uncertainty Calculation dialog box The dialog box also indicates if the guidelines have been met or not by a colored dot Green light El guideline condition met e Yellow light El guideline condition not met but within 1 dB of being met e Red light El guideline condition not met Note that the guidelines have no effect on the actual uncertainty that has been calcula ted and that they are only considered for measurements with 2nd Stage Correction Performing Measurements Uncertain
147. ments Note that selecting a noise source with resistor characteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE or SENSe CORRection ENR Parameters lt Mode gt Example Manual operation MEASurement TYPE automatically selects manual measurement mode AUTO Performs the Power Hot and Power Cold measurement in one step MANual Performs the Power Hot and Power Cold measurement in two separate steps CONF CONT AUTO Selects the automatic measurement mode See Meas Mode Auto Manual on page 68 SENSe CONFigure MEASurement lt Measurement gt This command selects the type of power measurement to perform next The command is available for manual measurements see SENSe CONFigure CONTrol Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Parameters lt Measurement gt COLD Performs the Power Cold measurement next HOT Performs the Power Hot measurement next Example CONF CONT MAN CONF MEAS HOT Performs the hot power measurement Manual operation See Meas Mode Auto Manual on page 68 SYSTem SEQuencer lt State gt This command turns the Sequencer on and off The Sequencer must be active before any other Sequencer commands INIT SEO are executed otherwise an error will occur A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R amp S FSWP User Manual Parameters lt State gt ON OFF 0 1 ON 1 The Sequencer is activated an
148. mmand in the generator setup file Ext Generator Visa Error Error with Visa driver provided with installation very unlikely User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 30 Image Frequency Rejection 4 5 Risk of damage to the instrument For yielding highest sensitivity during the measurement the Noise Figure Measure ments application automatically sets the input attenuation to 0 dB Because this configuration minimizes the overrange reserve make sure that the signal you have applied does not cause to an overload condition pay attention to the LO feedthough An overload condition may damage or destroy the input mixer The R amp S FSWP shows a corresponding message in the status line if an overload occurs RF OVLD or IF OVLD To avoid an overload e reduce the LO feedthrough of the mixer device or e increase the reference level Image Frequency Rejection Frequency converting DUTs convert a radio frequency RF to an intermediate fre quency IF The IF is lower than the RF in case of down converting DUTs and higher than the RF in case of up converting DUTs In a basic test setup the image frequency of the RF signal is also converted to the IF Depending on the DUT this effect may be wanted or even necessary or not To avoid measurement errors of the noise figure and gain of up to 3 dB make sure to use the appropriate measurement configuration Basically you can distinguish between single sideband SSB mixers and do
149. mmands from previous signal and spec trum analyzers which are still supported however e CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe on page 159 e CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt STATe on page 159 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC LIM3 TRAC2 CHEC ON Switches on the limit check for limit line 3 on trace 2 Manual operation See Traces to be Checked on page 86 7 18 Working with Markers The following commands are necessary to work with markers EE Ee ei EE 160 USING Delta AE EE 163 Lag Contiguiina E 165 Positioning E comino aia 166 e Positioning Delta Markers nana 168 7 18 1 Using Markers Note that the suffix at CALCulate has an effect only if you query the characteristics of a marker If you set a marker you can ignore the suffix because the markers are linked to each other over all measurement windows and will always be on the same fre quency CAL CulatesmMARKersmbsAOEPF iic eda ati 160 CAL Gulate n MARKer mo STATe 1 2 2 222 titii ria 161 CAL Culate nz M bkercmz TR ACe 161 CAL Culate nz M Abkercmz Ne 161 CALCU late nA MARKE MA Y l E 162 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF This command turns all markers off Example CALC MARK AOFF Switches off all markers Working with Markers Usage Event Manual operation See All Markers Off on page 81 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe State This command turns markers on and off
150. moent DE L6lo noyer ret roe tte eerie te P p ee rae ee cep re cive Dp Eccc Cd 96 Ly SX ERUIT ae i SR RED aos 96 INSTrument REName Ss 97 INSTr ment SEL6Gt eorr A AAA AAA AAA A 97 LAY CUADO WINDOW Pisa dh rien eren eser re er e E ad 98 EAYout GATalogL Oe e NEE 100 EAY Out IDENtiiyEWINDOW RE 100 LAY out REMovel WINDOW coin coi 101 EAYOUTREP ACE VVIN DOW ks asociar artes orion alain 101 LAY QUES Peras AAA AAA neon aren RUM 101 LAY Out WINDOW N ADD siiani erei PES Ea AEA E EV a EA OA NAAA ETEEN ENa 103 gedeien RI UE 103 LAY cGUEWINDOW lt N gt REMOYVO pret reete E Peta etre a edid yog ve Pet eue 103 LAYout WINDow lt n gt REPLace 104 MMEMGRY o Re Eat 151 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency OFFSetsoffset rnt a iia 142 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator essent 142 SOURce EXTermalFREQuency EFACTor NUMerator nip rr ore nennen ne 142 SOURCEIEX RER e E REI 143 SOURce EXTeral ROSCillator SOURCe rernm is ao 144 STATus OPERation CONDition SE STATUS OPERalionENABI6 tete tir eet tre p hp o t EE S p E E PA gue S TIATUS OPERalioNTRAHSIOD c cci prope rrr eee pere rH oca STATUS e TE ren E Ee EE STATuUS OPERAation iEVENt RE 174 STATUS QUEStionable CONDON EE 174 SGTATusOUEG onable CORbecton CONDmtion nono nnnnnnencnnnnn ca nann rca nanrncnnnnns 174 STATus QUEStionable CORRection ENABle STATUS QUEStionable CORRecti n N TRANS cesos a ii te Et reda 175 STATus QUESt
151. mp S FSWP YIG Preselector Activates or deactivates the YIG preselector if available on the R amp S FSWP An internal YIG preselector at the input of the R amp S FSWP ensures that image frequen cies are rejected However this is only possible for a restricted bandwidth In order to use the maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can deactivate the YIG preselector at the input of the R amp S FSWP which may lead to image frequency display Note that the YIG preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 8 GHz There fore switching the YIG preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that value Remote command INPut FILTer YIG STATe on page 142 5 9 2 External Generator e interlace Configuration Settings EE 70 e Measurement Configurations cional and 72 5 9 2 1 Interface Configuration Settings The interface settings for the connection to the external generator are defined in the Interface Configuration subtab of the External Generator tab Input Source Power Sensor External Generator Measurement ngs Configuration 3 smuo2 D Frequency Min Configuration TTL Handshake Level Min Source Calibration GPIB Address Level Max Edit Generator Setup File Generator Pis A A ie adits 70 Jar Let 70 DAM ET 71 GPIB Address TCP IP Address ici li da deca teen rt e 71 et EIER 71 Edit Generator Setup Files asi t ER DRE ERR RR ERN Inu 71 Frequency Min Frequency Max 71 Level Mir Level Max
152. n a marker on a trace that is in View trace mode e g to compare measurement results Note that at least one active marker has to be a normal marker F 3 M2 2 2 98 dB 500 0000000 MHz M1 1 3 23 dB 500 0000000 MHz Start 100 0 MHz The application shows the results at the marker position directly in the diagram area up to two markers or in the marker table if you use more than two markers Marker information in diagram area By default the results of the last two markers or delta markers that were activated are displayed in the diagram area The following information is displayed there User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 38 Using Markers e The marker type M for normal D for delta or special function name e The marker number 1 to 4 e The assigned trace number in square brackets e The marker value on the y axis e The marker position on the x axis Marker information in marker table In addition to the marker information displayed within the diagram area a separate marker table may be displayed in a separate window For more information on the con tents of the marker table see Marker Table on page 22 5 1 d ke rM Overview Configuration Overview Configuration Noise figure measurements require a special application on the R amp S FSWP which you activate using the MODE key The Noise Source Control connector on the R amp S FSWP is also a prerequisite for the Noise measurement app
153. n page 137 Calibrate Initiates a calibration measurement For more information see chapter 4 6 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction on page 33 Remote command INITiate lt n gt IMMediate on page 137 when SENSe CONFigure CORRection is on Sweep Time Defines the sweep time For more information see Sweep Time on page 59 Meas Mode Auto Manual Selects the measurement mode for the hot and cold power measurements For more information about the measurement modes see chapter 4 2 Measurement Modes on page 26 In manual measurement mode the application opens a dialog box when you start a measurement For more information about its contents see Performing a manual mea surement on page 26 Remote command SENSe CONFigure CONTrol on page 139 SENSe CONFigure MEASurement on page 139 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP The application supports several input sources and outputs These are the same as in Spectrum mode 5 9 1 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP For a comprehensive description of the supported input sources refer to the R amp S FSWP User Manual Radio Frequency RF Input The RF input is the default input of the R amp S FSWP tele erer oi 69 rel e EE 69 FighsP ass Filter 1 3 E EE 69 VIG PreSGl6 E 70 Input Coupling The RF input of the R amp S FSWP can be coupled by alternating current AC or direct current DC AC coupling blocks any DC volt
154. n the other side of the splitter lt Position gt New vertical or horizontal position of the splitter as a fraction of the screen area without channel and status bar and softkey menu The point of origin x 0 y 0 is in the lower left corner of the screen The end point x 100 y 100 is in the upper right cor ner of the screen See figure 7 1 The direction in which the splitter is moved depends on the screen layout H the windows are positioned horizontally the splitter also moves horizontally If the windows are positioned vertically the splitter also moves vertically Range 0 to 100 Example LAY SPL 1 3 50 Moves the splitter between window 1 Frequency Sweep and 3 Marker Table to the center 50 of the screen i e in the fig ure above to the left Example LAY SPL 1 4 70 Moves the splitter between window 1 Frequency Sweep and 3 Marker Peak List towards the top 70 of the screen The following commands have the exact same effect as any combination of windows above and below the splitter moves the splitter vertically AY SPL 3 2 70 AY SPL 4 1 70 AY SPL 2 1 70 User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 102 Working with Windows in the Display LAYout WINDow lt n gt ADD lt Direction gt lt WindowType gt This command adds a measurement window to the display Note that with this com mand the suffix n determines the existing window next to which the new window is added a
155. naly Zev ciciccccccscccecsccstececccssecstecessssccceesseteceeccassucueecaccasueeceacnsseee ess 123 Using the Uncertainty Calculator eee 127 Performing Measurements iine teen nettes nee buses aestu naaraana 135 Configuring the Inputs and OuUtpUtS ooooncccnnnnnnnccnnnnannncnnnnnancnn cnn cnn cr rre 140 Radio Frequency RF Input 141 External E TTT 142 Configuring the Dis play siciss ccccccccccssccccccescctececesseceecoesssceeccssascetecesessetecsasssscescecessecees 146 Working With Trace cciisccccecciccsececeicsscscesecesseccesetacsosassiesssssecesssesaeeesssenaseteesecsesesesss 148 Working with Limit Lines economie nine etie 152 Defining General Characteristics of a Limit Line 153 Defining Horizontal Data Ponts enne 154 Controlling Lower Limit Lines emere 155 Controlling Upper Limit Lmes esses nnne 156 MEN nennen rne nnne 157 4476 Controlling Limit Checks nit ddan 158 7 18 Working with Markers ooiocicoriiorisnsiicccnnr rincon circa 160 TABT Using Markers eere eere eiue niet spec dida t me ded eue det cd 160 118 2 Using Delta MarKets cei ese te poseen ct cea og spec dad eee duae deve 163 Z Configuring Markers onde toic en tr cr vei dee e e de dL aida 165 7 18 4 Positioning MarKers nece i ee ice ce d e ce 166 7 18 5 Positioning Delta Markers eei anco crate e aac ac 168 7 19 Using the Status Register cr
156. nes a cold temperature of 100 K Manual operation See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT lt Temperature gt This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor supplied with power Thot used during measurements The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE Parameters lt Temperature gt Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K Example CORR ENR TYPE RES CORR ENR SPOT HOT 300 Defines a cold temperature of 300 K Manual operation See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection TEMPerature lt Temperature gt This command defines the room temperature of the measurement environment The temperature is taken into account when calculating noise results Parameters lt Temperature gt Range 278 15 to 318 15 RST 293 Default unit K Example CORR TEMP 291 50 Specifies a room temperature of 291 50 Kelvin 18 5 C Manual operation See Temperature on page 52 Configuring Additional Loss 7 10 Configuring Additional Loss The following commands are necessary to define loss resulting from equipment in the measurement setup SENSeTCORRectionibOSSNPutiMOBE 221 522 2i pene nti tnter sado 120 SENSE ICORRECION TO SSTNPUESPDT anii Seeds ooh aun AS 120 SENSe CORRection LOSS TNPUETABLe iii snes srci aa a 121 SENSe CORR
157. ng measurement channel with the specified name Also see e INSTrument CREate NEW on page 95 Parameters lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 96 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel Working with Windows in the Display Example INST 10 Activates a measurement channel for the UO Analyzer applica tion evaluation mode INST MyIQSpectrum Selects the measurement channel named MylQSpectrum for example before executing further commands for that channel Usage SCPI confirmed SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute This command restores the default instrument settings in the current channel Use INST SEL to select the channel Example INST Spectrum2 Selects the channel for Spectrum2 SYST PRES CHAN EXEC Restores the factory default settings to the Spectrum2 channel Usage Event Manual operation See Preset Channel on page 41 ZA Working with Windows in the Display The following commands are required to change the evaluation type and rearrange the screen layout for a measurement channel as you do using the SmartGrid in manual operation Since the available evaluation types depend on the selected application some parameters for the following commands also depend on the selected measure ment channel LAYON ADDI WINDOW EE 98 LAYout CATalog WINDOW iio ii ee tee A cc voco aaa 100 LAYOUt
158. noise source and its characteristics independently for the Calibration and the Measurement When you select the resistor noise source the 5 4 2 Configuring the Noise Source application automatically starts the manual measurement mode and communicates that fact with a message at the bottom of the dialog box Remote command Measurement SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE on page 118 Calibration SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE on page 114 Defining the Noise Source Characteristics The ENR TEMP Settings tab in the ENR Settings dialog box contains settings to characterize the noise source The noise characteristics of noise sources with diode characteristics are ususally defined by their ENR Excess Noise Ratio The noise characteristics of noise sources with resistor characteristics are defined by their noise or ambient temperatures Thot and Tg Teo is typically at a very low temperature of liquid nytrogen or liquid helium Both noise source types may have different ENR values during the calibration and the measurement stage You can use either the same type of noise source for both cali bration and measurement or use different types of noise sources for calibration and measurement ENR TEMP Settings Table Settings Noise Source on Constant DNE 0 0 K IT 100000 0 K k Table Common Noise Source On Off Calibration Noise Source on Constant Le Table Tem
159. oints of the limit line are defined You can select the type of limit line upper or lower for each type of result From that information the application sets the level unit and y axis scaling Both are then fix parameters because the unit depends on the result and the scaling is always absolute in case of noise figure measurements Data points Each limit line is defined by a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 200 data points Each data point is defined by its position x axis and value y value Data points must be defined in ascending order The same position can have two different values Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA on page 154 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA on page 155 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA on page 156 Insert Value Inserts a data point in the limit line above the selected one in the Edit Limit Line dia log box Delete Value Deletes the selected data point in the Edit Limit Line dialog box Shift x Shifts the x value of each data point horizontally by the defined shift width Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt on page 155 Shift y Shifts the y value of each data point vertically by the defined shift width Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt on page 156 CALCulate n LIMit k UPPer SHIFt on page 157 Save Saves the currently edited limit line under the name defined in the Name
160. ommand selects the type of noise source you are using for the calibration Parameters lt Type gt DIODe Selects a noise source with diode characteristics RESistor Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics When you select this noise source type the application automat ically selects the manual measurement mode see SENSe CONFigure CONTrol RST DIODe Example CORR ENR CAL TYPE RES Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon lt State gt This command turns the use of a common ENR on or off For more information see Common Noise Source on page 51 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF Example CORR END COMM ON Turns the use of a common ENR on Manual operation See Common Noise Source on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA lt Frequency gt lt ENR gt This command defines the contents of the currently selected ENR table The ENR table should contain an ENR for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the frequency list To select the ENR table you want to edit use SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect Parameters lt Frequency gt lt ENR gt Each entry of the ENR table consists of one measurement point and the corresponding ENR The table can contain up to 500 entries Frequency Frequency of
161. on the same fre quency CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzAOEE ness E EnaA snis daas 163 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz ME 163 CALCUlatesn gt ai DEE EECH RE 163 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz TR ACe nsn E AAE aE ANES 164 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz NN 164 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzN essen ssssenetss assess ii sisse str sanas 164 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt AOFF This command turns all delta markers off lt m gt is irrelevant Example CALC DELT AOFF Turns all delta markers off Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MREF lt Reference gt This command selects a reference marker for a delta marker other than marker 1 The reference may be another marker or the fixed reference Parameters lt Reference gt 1 to 16 Selects markers 1 to 16 as the reference FIXed Selects the fixed reference as the reference Example CALC DELT3 MREF 2 Specifies that the values of delta marker 3 are relative to marker 2 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe State This command turns delta markers on and off If necessary the command activates the delta marker first No suffix at DELTamarker turns on delta marker 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Working with Markers Example CALC DELT2 ON Turns on delta marker 2 Manual operation See Marker Type on page 81 CAL Culate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe Trace This command selects the trace a del
162. or more information see chapter 4 6 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction on page 33 Remote command SENSe CONFigure CORRection on page 123 Resolution Bandwidth RBW Defines the resolution bandwidth for the measurement For more information on the resolution bandwidth see chapter 4 7 Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth on page 36 Remote command SENSe BANDwidth RESolution on page 125 Sweep Time Defines the sweep time for the measurement The sweep time is the time it takes the analyzer to perform a measurement at one measurement frequency Note that noise measurements perform two measurements during one sweep One with the noise source turned on one with the noise source turned off Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 126 Settling Time Defines the settling time of the DUT and the noise source Most noise sources need a certain amount of time to settle after you turn them on Low frequency DUTs may require a certain time until its coupling capacitators have been charged or discharged Both are defined as the settling time For details on the settling time refer to the datasheet of the noise source Remote command SYSTem CONFigure DUT STIMe on page 127 Average Defines the number of measurements that are used to average the results 5 6 2 Configuring the Analyzer The more measurements you include in the averaging the more accurate and stable the results
163. ou need it For quick expert help with any Rohde 8 Schwarz equipment contact one of our Customer Support Centers A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation programming or applications of Rohde amp Schwarz equipment Up to date information and upgrades To keep your instrument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information Europe Africa Middle East Phone 49 89 4129 12345 customersupport rohde schwarz com North America Phone 1 888 TEST RSA 1 888 837 8772 customer support rsa rohde schwarz com Latin America Phone 1 410 910 7988 customersupport la rohde schwarz com Asia Pacific Phone 65 65 13 04 88 customersupport asia rohde schwarz com China Phone 86 800 810 8228 86 400 650 5896 customersupport china rohde schwarz com ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 22 06 00 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 1 5 2 5 2 1 Contents Preta 7 LGPRUSICNICUUIEU 7 Documentation OVGIrViCW cic ccccccceccccecsseeccccesseeeceeeestee
164. over A measurement is over after a sin gle sweep or if the measurement is aborted The sequence of commands also ends the remote control session If off you have to turn the RF output and remote control session off manually Note that exiting the Noise Figure Measurement application always turns off the gener ator s RF output and terminates the remote session Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITch AUTO on page 146 Source Power Defines the output power of the external generator The range depends on the generator you are using and is defined in its data sheet Remote command SOURce EXTernal POWer LEVel on page 143 Frequency Coupling Defines frequency correction characteristics The generator frequency is calculated as follows Numerator Denominato r ten 2 Offset 1 gt x 4 Offset 2 with fceneraio generator frequency ho frequency of the analyzer s LO e fofisetci gt Offset frequency of the analyzer foffset lt 2 gt Offset frequency of other components You can use the factors and offsets to compensate one or more components in the test setup that may change the frequency between the generator and the DUT Make sure however that the result does not exceed the frequency range of the generator The application calculates the resulting start and stop frequency based on the values you apply and displays them below the equation Remote command SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor
165. ows the result at the current measurement point The contents of the Current result display are updated as soon as a new measure ment point is analyzed The result types shown in the table depend on the Display Settings By default it shows the results for the Noise Figure Gain and Y Factor result type Each row repre sents one result type The first column shows the result type the second column shows the result For more information see chapter 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results on page 77 Marker Table Shows the marker characteristics in numerical form in a table The size of the table depends on the number of active markers and the way you have configured the table in the Result Config dialog box For more information see chap ter 6 3 Using Markers on page 79 and chapter 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results on page 77 4 Marker Table Type Ref Trc Stimulus Ni Ni Ni The first four columns of the table are fix e Type Shows the marker type M represents a normal marker D represents a delta marker e Ref Shows the reference marker for relative delta markers User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 22 e Tre Shows the trace the marker is positioned on e X value Shows the horizontal position frequency of the marker In case of normal markers the position is an absolute value The position of delta markers are relative to another marker e lt Result gt Shows the measurement result at the ma
166. pecific to noise figure measurements are in their default state Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function When you enter an application a new measurement channel is created which deter mines the measurement settings for that application The same application can be acti vated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same application The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the avail able memory on the instrument Only one measurement can be performed at any time namely the one in the currently active channel However in order to perform the configured measurements consecu tively a Sequencer function is provided If activated the measurements configured in the currently active channels are per formed one after the other in the order of the tabs The currently active measurement is indicated by a symbol in the tab label The result displays of the individual channels are updated in the tabs as well as the MultiView as the measurements are per formed Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab For details on the Sequencer function see the R amp S FSWP User Manual 2 2 Understanding the Display Information The following figure shows the display as it looks for noise figure measurements All different information areas are labeled They are explained in more detail in the follow ing sections R amp S FSWP K30 Welcom
167. perature TT EE 51 Common NOISE SOURCE iuris 51 c l eps AUS D ETIN 51 Rule 52 Configuring the Noise Source Measurement Selects the source of the ENR or temperature values The frequency characteristics may be approximated by a constant or be based on a ENR or temperature table If the ENR or temperature is a constant the same values are used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant ENR you have to define its magnitude in the input field next to the radio button If you have selected a constant temperature you have to define the temperatures of the resistor in the input fields next to the radio button Thot is the temperature of a resistor with a low noise or ambient temperature T is the temperature of a resistor with a high noise or ambient temper ature If the noise characteristics are based on a table the ENR level and temperatures typi cally depend on the measurement frequency You can select an existing table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on ENR and temperature tables see chapter 5 4 3 Using an ENR or Temperature Table on page 52 When Common Noise Source is on the ENR is used for both measurement and cali bration Remote command ENR mode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE on page 118 Constant ENR SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT on page 118 Select t
168. pies trace data to another trace The first group of buttons labelled Trace 1 to Trace 4 select the source trace The second group of buttons labelled Copy to Trace 1 to Copy to Trace 4 select the destination Remote command TRACe lt n gt COPY on page 151 Preset Traces Restores the default configuration for all traces in a window Trace Config Opens a dialog box made up out of three tabs to configure traces The first tab contains functionality to configure a trace For more information see Traces on page 78 The second tab contains functionality to export trace data For more information see Trace Export on page 78 The third tab contains functionality to copy traces For more information see Copy Trace on page 78 Trace Export The Trace Export tab contains functionality to export trace data 6 3 6 3 1 Export all traces and all table results Include Instru ment Measure ment Settings Using Markers Turns the export of all measurement results traces and numerical results on and off If on selecting a particular trace to export in the Trace to Export dropdown menu is unavailable Includes or excludes the measurement configuration as shown in the channel bar from the export Trace to Selects the trace that will be exported to a file Export Decimal Sep Selects the decimal separator for floating point numerals for the arator ASCII Trace export Evaluation programs require
169. points on the vertical axis Otherwise the limit line may take on an unin tended shape Example Number of vertical data points lt number of horizontal data points CALC LIM CONT 100MHZ 200MHZ 300MHZ 400MHZ 500MHZ CALC LIM UPP 0 5 0 gt the application dumps 400 and 500 MHz Example Number of vertical data points gt number of horizontal data points CALC LIM CONT 100MHZ 200MHZ 300MHZ 400MHZ 500MHZ CALC LIM UPP 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 gt the application adds new horizontal data points 500 00000100 MHz and 500 00000200 MHz GAL Gulate n LIMit k gt CONTrolEDATAL etant toe aaa a RED E ERE nnd 154 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks CONToSHIEL eee ene nene nnne nass nnns 155 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the horizontal definition points of a limit line lt n gt is irrelevant 7 17 3 Working with Limit Lines Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of x axis values Note that the number of horizontal values has to be the same as the number of vertical values set with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA or CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA If not the R amp S FSWP either adds missing val ues or ignores surplus values RST Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data points on page 88 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete limit lin
170. position of that marker in all other measurement windows Thus the marker results for a specific marker are always for the same frequency which makes it easier to compare results O Markers in single frequency mode When you use a marker for single frequency measurements the marker is positioned on a particular index value and not a particular measurement point This means that during continuous measurements the marker remains on the index value you have put it on and will not move down the line with the results To move a marker you can use several methods e Enter a particular measurement frequency in the input field that opens when you activate a marker e Move the marker around with the rotary knob or the cursor keys e Drag the marker around using the touchscreen All markers can be used either as normal markers or delta markers A normal marker indicates the absolute signal value at the defined position in the diagram A delta IESSE User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 37 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurement Basics marker indicates the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker by default marker 1 D3 1 0 08 dB 200 0000000 MHz M1 1 3 24 dB 400 0000000 MHz Start 100 0 MHz The application always positions the marker on the trace with the lowest number that is in Clear Write trace mode To set the marker on another trace use the Marker to Trace function With this function you can also positio
171. r Temperature Cal PHot Cal PCold Cal Y Factor 6 2 Working with Traces A trace is the graphical representation of a set of measurement results in a diagram Each measurement window that contains graphical results supports up to four individ ual traces Each trace has a different color Trace settings determine how the mea sured data is analyzed and displayed on the screen The trace information including a color map and trace mode is summarized in the diagram header The trace settings are combined in the Trace Configuration dialog box You can access this dialog box with the Trace Config softkey or directly access one of the tabs via one of the softkeys in the Trace menu Working with Traces hee 78 COPY Te 78 Preset ENEE AP TILES 78 lc pio 78 Trace EXPO ius ea 78 Traces The Trace 1 to 4 softkeys open the Traces tab of the Trace Configuration dialog box The Traces tab contains functionality to configure a trace Trace Selec The Trace 1 to Trace 4 buttons select a trace If a trace is tion selected it is highlighted orange Note that you cannot select a trace if its trace mode is Blank Trace Mode Selects the trace mode for the corresponding trace For more information see chapter 4 Measurement Basics on page 24 Remote command Trace mode DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE on page 149 Copy Trace Access Overview gt Analysis gt Traces gt Copy Trace Co
172. r beneath the diagram Furthermore the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar Risk of damaging the instrument Make sure not to overload the input mixer during calibration and the measurement An overload condition may damage or destroy the input mixer If an ocerload condition occurs the R amp S FSWP shows a corresponding message in the status line RF OVLD or IF OVLD To avoid an overload during calibration or measurement e check and adjust the DUT gain settings e check and adjust the ENR settings or e increase the reference level R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays 3 Measurements and Result Displays The R amp S FSWP K30 measures the noise figure of a DUT and displays the results graphically and numerically Each graphical result display shows the noise figure from a different perspective that may be relevant In the default configuration the application shows the Noise Figure of the DUT the Gain of the DUT and the corresponding Y Fac tor In addition it shows the numerical results of the measurement Noise Ref Level Auto 53 08 dBm RBW 3MHz ENR Table Les SNE413 Mode Direct tt 0dB SWT 300 ms 2nd Stage Corr On AVG 1 Calibration Data 2011 10 04 11 16 1 Noise Figure 1Cirw 2 Gain Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHizr Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz 3 Y Factor 1 CW Result Table RF Noise Gain Y Factor MH 11 de 17 de 14 dE Mt Mt M
173. ral more DUT characteristics like its gain or its noise temperature character istics The application provides several measurement modes or tuning modes e Swept Measurements nennen senten nnns senten nennen 25 e Frequency Table Measurements eecece enses td e anden ud 25 e Single Frequency Measurements AA 25 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurement Basics EH 4 1 1 Swept Measurements The sweep tuning mode performs measurements on a set of discrete frequencies based on the frequency parameters Each measurement analyzes the noise character istics of the corresponding frequency or measurement point For swept measurements the application automatically determines the measurement frequencies and combines them in a frequency list Such a frequency set is the result of the frequency and span information that you have provided The frequency and span information is made up out of the center frequency the span the start and the stop frequency In combination with the measurement points or the frequency table step size the application calculates the contents of the frequency table The center frequency is the frequency in the center of the frequency band you are measuring Thus it is defined either by the span or the start and stop frequencies The measurement points is the number of entries in a frequency list and thus the number of measurements that the application performs during a noise figure measure ment The stepsize de
174. ran cren 33 Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth 36 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode esee 36 Using MarkerS ooiiiccaiic ceceeateeddeeensted seceesttedsceenatedsdeeesnteddeeeestee 37 o E 40 Configuration Overview cecccececceeeeeeeeseeeeeeneeeeeeeeeseaaeeeeeeeesesaeseseeeeessaeseseeeeeeseeseeenees 40 Defining the Measurement Frequency eene nnne nnn 42 Defining a Frequency Sel ro tet tec ee b tU d iaa 42 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 3 5 4 5 4 1 5 4 2 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 2 5 6 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 7 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 5 7 4 5 8 5 9 5 9 1 5 9 2 5 9 3 5 9 4 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 2 6 2 6 3 6 3 1 6 3 2 6 4 Configuring Single Frequency Measurements nana na nnnn rana 45 Using a Frequency Table cnica 46 Selecting DUT CharacteriStiCS ooommnmnccnnninnincnnnssrnnnasccrcnn arranca 47 Configuring the Noise SoUrCO oomomcccnnnnnccnnnnonnccnnnnnannnrn nan ner nennen nennen nn 49 Selecting the Type of Noise Gource nennen 49 Defining the Noise Source Characteristics sss 50 Using an ENR or Temperature Table onere tendere 52 Configuring Additional Loss esses enne nennen nnn nnne nnn 55 oiie Ea a aada 55 Using a Loss Table etaed tta e acce erga ce eut ed a 57 Configuring the Analyzer Lees eene enne nennen nennen innen nnn nnne nn 58 Configuring
175. rements on mixers with a low image frequency rejection there are two test scenarios Mixers whose image rejection is known Mixers whose image rejection is unknown fe fre flo fimage 4 6 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction In case of mixers whose image rejection is known define the magnitude of image rejection in dB as accurate as possible Else measurement results noise figure and gain will deviate between 0 dB to 3 dB For accurate measurements on mixers whose image rejection characteristics are unkown a custom test setup including an additional filter is required You also have to know the gain characteristics of the DUT 1 Noise Source Noise IF Control Source 0V 28 V Noise Source e Control 0V 28 V 1 Test setup for calibration 2 Test setup for noise measurement In the test setup shown above a lowpass filter prevents unwanted noise from being fed in at the image frequency Depending on the position of the frequency bands a highpass or bandpass filter may also be necessary for the RF frequency instead of the lowpass filter The important point is that unwanted noise is not converted by a further receive path of the mixer The unwanted noise at the receive frequency must not be reduced The insertion loss must be considered if applicable With this test setup the measurement on a mixer without sideband suppression is the same as SSB measurements To take the characteristics of the filter
176. remote cett tee 105 Measurement Frequericy list eerte rrt 25 PESTO MINO social is 67 Measurement channel Creating remote sess 95 96 97 Deleting remote 296 Duplicating remote 95 Querying remote 4 496 Renaming remote 1er 97 Replacing remote 2 edente 96 Selecting remote a Measurement characteristics usessssssss 58 Measurement point cS Inset inni Measurement points Measurement time Ee EE 126 MIDIMUN orcas rl Benes 83 Marker positlohihg eterne coria 83 NERU 4 1 tidie ei n ER ee ed EEN 84 Multiple Measurement channels sssseses 12 N Name Limit lines Next Minimum 2s Marker positionihg x creer ionann 84 Next Peak noce ie eed esee ter sene redo idos 83 Marker POSIIONINO s error tator onn tnter 83 Noise source 33 49 Noise source characteristics sssssssssssssss 49 Noise Source Control enean ett tdmen en 11 O Options High pass Miller uan t tette 69 141 OutputlOSS init 55 Overview GonfiguatiOn ucc tici ce tere ttt oca 40 P Peak search acl C 83 Peaks Marker positioning 1 ror ern 83 NERU irinin euer g Softkey in ell EE Position Limit IS VallOS sisi 88 PreamplifiCatiOn i correr rrr trea 61 Presetting Channels rere es ae aae
177. rker position In case of normal markers the result is an absolute value Results for delta mark ers are relative to another marker Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH MTAB see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y on page 162 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y on page 164 Tuning Modes 4 Measurement Basics The measurement basics contain background information on the terminology and prin ciples of noise measurements Noise figure measurements determine the noise that a device under test DUT adds to a signal as that signal passes through the DUT e TUN MOU SS 5c ttt ina 24 e Measurement Modes nn nenne tannanna nennen 26 e DUT TYPE E ENEE a 28 e Extemal Generator Control as 29 e Image Frequency Rejection scene eterni etant crasas 31 Calibration 2nd Tee nta er d tee Hr ge 33 e Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth 36 e Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode eene 36 LER DCUM P 37 4 1 Tuning Modes Basically the application calculates the noise figure of a DUT based on the character istics of the DUT that have been measured and a noise source whose properties are known Therefore the Noise Source Control connector on the R amp S FSWP is a prereq uisite for the Noise measurement application In addition to the noise characteristics of a DUT the application is also able to deter mine seve
178. rm Fixed IF mea surements in order to keep the LO frequency tuned to the current measurement RF frequency Manual control is recommended only for measurements whose generator settings remain the same during the measurement Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator CONTrol STATe on page 145 Init Before Meas Turns automatic transmission of the external generator configuration on and off If on the application transmits a sequence of remote commands that configures the generator and turns on its RF output before each measurement Configuring the gener ator this way allows you to make sure that the generator runs with the configuration you need and is in a state to receive remote control commands during a measurement Using automatic initialization of the generator results in a slightly longer measurement time because of the time required to transmit the commands and configure the genera tor Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP If off you have to initialize the generator manually with Init External Generator Note that you have to establish the connection in order to be able to perform a mea surement with the external generator Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise AUTO on page 145 Auto Switch Off Turns automatic deactivation of the generator s RF output on and off If on the application transmits a sequence of remote commands to turn off the RF out put of the generator when a measurement is
179. s For more information see chapter 4 4 External Generator Control on page 29 Frequency Min Frequency Max For reference only Lower and upper frequency limit for the generator Level Min Level Max For reference only Lower and upper power limit for the generator Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSWP 5 9 2 2 Measurement Configuration External Generator Measurement d e Autormatic Control Configuration Init Before Meas Auto Switch Off 20 0 dBm Numerator Source Freq LO Offset1 Denominator 9 Result Frequency Start Result Frequenc eu Eeer ie E 72 MBE Mes noia 72 AUTOS Wii Of li 73 SOUE E 3 Frequency COUP cda oc etae cies entered ante br Pete ke boue e 73 Init External Generator iii cb 74 Automatic Control Turns automatic control of the external generator on and off If on the application controls the configuration of the external generator during mea surements by transmitting the required remote commands The connection is estab lished automatically before a measurement if Init Before Meas is on To establish the connection manually at any time use the Init External Generator function Otherwise you have to control the generator manually The application assumes that the generator is configured correctly for the measurement The remote connection to the generator is automatically terminated Note that you have to turn automatic control on if you want to perfo
180. s Impedance 50 75 RST 50 Q Example INP IMP 75 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Impedance on page 69 INPut FILTer HPASs STATe State Activates an additional internal high pass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to 3 GHz This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the R amp S FSWP in order to mea sure the harmonics for a DUT for example This function requires an additional high pass filter hardware option 7 14 2 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Note for RF input signals outside the specified range the high pass filter has no effect For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards the harmonics are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG filter Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP FILT HPAS ON Turns on the filter Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See High Pass Filter 1 3 GHz on page 69 INPut FILTer YIG STATe State This command turns the YIG preselector on and off Note the special conditions and restrictions for the YIG filter described in YIG Prese lector on page 70 Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 RST OFF Example INP FILT YIG OFF Deactivates the YIG preselector Manual operation See YIG Preselector on page 70 External Generator SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator eese 142 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor NUMerator eese 142 SGOUlbce EvTemalFRtO
181. s command configures the software to perform a single frequency measurement in continuous sweep mode Example FREQ SING 20MHz Defines a measurement frequency of 20 MHz CONF FREQ CONT INIT Selects and initiates a single frequency measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 This command configures the software to perform a single frequency measurement in single sweep mode Example FREQ SING 20MHz Defines a measurement frequency of 20 MHz CONF FREQ SING INIT Selects and initiates a single frequency measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuous This command configures the software to perform a frequency list measurement in continuous sweep mode Example CONF LIST CONT INIT Selects and initiates a frequency list measurement Defining the Measurement Frequency Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe CONFigure LIST SINGLe This command configures the software to perform a frequency list measurement in sin gle sweep mode Example CONF LIST SING INIT Selects and initiates a single frequency list measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe FREQuency CENter lt Frequency gt This command defines the center frequency Parameters lt Frequency gt Range see datasheet RST fmax 2 Default unit Hz Example FREQ
182. s command defines the contents of the currently selected input loss table The table should contain an input loss for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the loss table Parameters lt Frequency gt lt ENR gt Each entry of the loss table consists of one measurement point and the corresponding loss The table can contain up to 500 entries lt Frequency gt Frequency of the measurement point The range is from O Hz to 999 99 GHz lt Loss gt Loss of the measurement point The range is from 999 99 dB to 999 99 dB Example CORR LOSS INP TABL 1MHz 10 2MHz 12 Defines a new input loss table with two measurement points Manual operation See Edit Table on page 54 See New on page 57 See Edit on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes an input loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR LOSS INP TABL DEL InputLoss Deletes the table with the name InputLoss Manual operation See Delete on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an input loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR LOSS INP TABL SEL InputLoss Selects a table called InputLoss Manual operation See Input Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTP
183. s opposed to LAYout ADD WINDow for which the existing window is defined by a parameter To replace an existing window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt REPLace command This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result Parameters Direction LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow lt WindowType gt Type of measurement window you want to add See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 for a list of available window types Return values lt NewWindowName gt When adding a new window the command returns its name by default the same as its number as a result Example LAY WIND1 ADD LEFT MTAB Result 2 Adds a new window named 2 with a marker table to the left of window 1 Usage Query only LAYout WINDow lt n gt IDENtify This command queries the name of a particular display window indicated by the lt n gt suffix in the active measurement channel Note to query the index of a particular window use the LAYout IDENtify WINDow command Return values lt WindowName gt String containing the name of a window In the default state the name of the window is its index Example LAY WIND2 IDEN Queries the name of the result display in window 2 Response 2 Usage Query only LAYout WINDow lt n gt REMove This command removes the window specified by the suffix lt n gt from the display in the active measurement channel 7 5
184. sdsceuveaneedecedssnedecedassedscccdeeacedec s 175 STATUS OPERation P UR AMS iO Mes cosida 175 STATUS QUEStIOnable PTRANSIUON oerni ranie daaa dnd daci n 175 STATusOUEGuonable CObRbechon PD Ransition esee 175 STATus QUEStBionable LIMICP TRANSOM 5 2n datant dada ainia aaia 175 STATus OPERation EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable CORRection EVENt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit EVENt lt ChannelName gt These commands read out the EVENt section of the status register The commands at the same time delete the contents of the EVENt section Query parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Usage Query only STATus OPERation CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition STATus QUEStionable CORRection CONDition lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit CONDition lt ChannelName gt These commands read out the CONDition section of the status register R amp S FSWP K30 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements EH The commands do not delete the contents of the EVEN section Query parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Usage Query only STATus OPERation ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable ENABle
185. ssumed Example DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea surement window selected by the suffix at WINDow DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON refers to window 4 Introduction 7 2 4 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compli ance You can include them in the header or not Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword Otherwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe DISPlay ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 no suffix DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4 7 2 5 Alternative Keywords A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword You can use both key words to the same effect Example SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution In the short form without optional keywords BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ 7 2 6 SCPI Parameters Many commands feature one or more parameters If a command supports more than one parameter these are separated by a comma Example LAYout ADD
186. stance gt Defines the distance that the limit line moves Manual operation See Shift y on page 88 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe lt State gt This command turns a lower limit line on and off Before you can use the command you have to select a limit line with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 153 lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Visibility on page 86 7 17 4 Controlling Upper Limit Lines CALCulate n LIMit k UPPer DATA eee a aaa nnn nana n anna ninth inn 156 GAL QGulate m LIMitEKSUPPer SHBIPt cinc iran 157 CALC UE E E EIN REN 157 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the vertical definition points of an upper limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of level values Note that the number of vertical values has to be the same as the number of horizontal values set with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA If not the R amp S FSWP either adds missing values or ignores surplus values RST Limit line state is OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data points on page 88 Working with Limit Lines CAL Culate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt Distance This command moves a complete upper limit line vertically Compared to defining an o
187. t dech as GALGulate UNGertainty PREamp NOISS ttr tn enn toe eren n een kd n Fe e an CALCulate UNGertainty PREAMp S TATE ise iiss innt rer rrr rire ert etr a Ero ina Eo nan CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty CAL Culate UNC ertaimtv GANahvzerNOlGe UNC ertaimtv nan ccnonccnrna nan n cnn cnn cana 135 CALGulate UNCerainty RESUM icon ia dea 134 CALCulate n gt DEL Tamatkers mA LE CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MAXIMUM LEF Tss conca nan nn non c ener rennen CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MAximum NENT CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MAXIMUM RICH CAL Culate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MiNmmum LEET CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MiNmum NENT CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MiNmmum HIGH CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK ES GAL Culatesn DEL Tamarkersim gt MRER derent cerae era rra oi ti aa GALGulate n DELTamarker ms TRAQGS onere tnr regere rn nr ti rne ren meer nnn ns GALGulate n DELTamarkerstm X in cr tnc rrr et rere re re Ay aS a te eroe in aiii 164 CALC latesn gt RN KEE iunt 164 GALGulate n DELTamarker em STAT trot repre eon rre rti rtr tene enne 163 CALCulatesn gt EIMISk ACTVE Sesion at dat a ra a e taa 157 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CLEar IMMediate Se GALGulate n LIMitsk COMMBnt rrr ic ca KEREN ee EE Be CONTOS M
188. t gt This command queries the position of a marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single measurement mode Parameters lt Result gt Return values lt Result gt Example Usage Manual operation Selects the result CPCold Queries calibration power cold results CPHot Queries calibration power hot results CYFactor Queries calibration y factor results GAIN Queries gain reuslts NOISe Queries noise figure results NUNCertainty Queries the noise figure uncertainty results PCOLd Queries power cold results PHOT Queries power hot results TEMPerature Queries noise temperature results YFACtor Queries y factor results Result at the marker position INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC MARK2 ON Switches marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Outputs the measured value of marker 2 Query only See Marker Table on page 22 Working with Markers 7 18 2 Using Delta Markers Note that the suffix at CALCulate has an effect only if you query the characteristics of a marker If you set a marker you can ignore the suffix because the markers are linked to each other over all measurement windows and will always be
189. ta marker is positioned on Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank If necessary the command activates the marker first Parameters lt Trace gt Trace number the marker is assigned to Example CALC DELT2 TRAC 2 Positions delta marker 2 on trace 2 CAL Culate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X Position This command moves a delta marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker and positions a reference marker to the peak power Parameters lt Position gt Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis Range The value range and unit depend on the measure ment and scale of the x axis Example CALC DELT X Outputs the absolute x value of delta marker 1 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y Result This command queries the relative position of a delta marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single measurement mode The unit depends on the application of the command 7 18 3 Working with Markers Parameters lt Result gt Selects the result CPCold Queries calibration power cold results CPHot Queries calibration power hot results CYFactor Queries calibration y factor results
190. table with two measurement points Manual operation See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 See Edit Table on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes a temperature table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL TEMP DEL TemperatureTable Deletes the table with the name TemperatureTable Manual operation See Delete on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature LIST This command queries all temperature tables available in the application Return values lt Tables gt String containing the names of the tables as a comma separated list Example CORR ENR TABL TEMP LIST would return e g Tablel Table2 Table3 Usage Query only Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE Mode This command selects the ENR mode for the actual measurement Parameters lt Mode gt Example Manual operation SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT TABLe Uses the contents of the ENR table RST SPOT CORR ENR MODE SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT lt ENR gt This command defines the constant ENR for all m
191. the 3 dB bandwidth of the resolution filter to be used An RF sinusoidal signal is displayed according to the passband characteristic of the resolution filter RBW i e the signal display reflects the shape of the filter The highest sensitivity is obtained at the smallest bandwidth 1 Hz If the bandwidth is increased the reduction in sensitivity is proportional to the change in bandwidth Increasing the bandwidth by a factor of 3 increases the displayed noise by approx 5 dB 4 77 dB precisely If the bandwidth is increased by a factor of 10 the displayed noise increases by a factor of 10 i e 10 dB The higher spectral resolution with smaller bandwidths is won by longer sweep times for the same span The sweep time has to allow the resolution filters to settle during a sweep at all signal levels and frequencies to be displayed If the RBW is too large signal parts that are very far away e g from a different signal are considered in the measurement and distort the results The displayed noise increa ses If the RBW is too small the measurement time increases 4 8 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode The trace mode determines the way the data is processed and displayed The applica tion provides the following trace modes Table 4 1 Overview of available trace modes Trace Mode Description Blank Hides the selected trace Clear Write Overwrite mode the trace is overwritten by each sweep This is the default set
192. the Measurement 3 eerie eerie ec e ti deed ia e eae 58 Configuring Level Characteristics acetate aae kd a 60 Using the Uncertainty Calculator eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneen nnne 62 Configuring Noise Source Characteristics c cccccceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeesenetes 63 Configuring DUT Characteristics lc cri da cad e etes 64 Configuring Analyzer Charachertsetcs em 65 Guidelines and Results 2 rere eec niece rite i n i eee 66 Performing Measurements sees eene enne nennen nece 67 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the RES FSWP eeeseesss 68 Radio Frequency RF Input 69 70 DC Power Output Configuratio Me nosei mem nennen 74 Signal Source Output Configuration sssssssssssss eere 74 ILI me 75 Configuring the Display eseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeen nennen nnne nnne cr 75 Configuring Graphical Results reete ret e tr ted eere oed rus vr bauen 75 Configuring e Ui ENT 77 Working WIth MR ar 77 USING Markers eren ertet AS 79 Marker Configuration aiii eder rte tien tete veis ida 79 Marker POSITION O riscos 82 Limit Line Settings and FunctiONS moococccnnoccnncnnnnancnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnrnnnnnr rn rnnnnnren rre 84 6 4 1 6 4 2 7 1 7 2 7 2 1 7 2 2 7 2 3 7 2 4 7 2 5 7 2 6 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 Lal 7 8 7 9 7 10 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 14 1 7 14 2 7 15 7
193. the instrument input during the calibration measurement The noise source is turned off the DUT is not inserted 7 Cal Power cold 10 0 MHz11 pts799 0 MHz RF 8 0 GHz The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH CPC see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA CPCold Result Table Shows the measurement results in numerical form in a table The contents of the table depend on the Display Settings By default it shows the results for the Noise Figure Gain and Y Factor result type Each row represents one measurement point Each column represents one result type The first column shows the measurement frequency If you display the uncertainty result it is displayed in the Noise column next to the Noise Figure result Note that the uncertainty is displayed only after you have turned on the uncertainty calculation and also include the result in the display User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 21 R amp S FSWP K30 Measurements and Result Displays The result table shows either the RF or the IF depending on you selection For more information see chapter 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results on page 77 4 Result Table Y Factor Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH RES see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 98 Results TRACe lt n gt DATA on page 105 Current Values Sh
194. ting View The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed O Each time the trace mode is changed the selected trace memory is cleared The default trace mode for the first trace is Clear Write For trace 2 4 the deafult trace mode is Blank If you require another mode you have to set it manually As you can have up to four traces simultaneously you can compare the results with different measurement configurations e g if you freeze a trace and use it as a memory trace User Manual 1177 5679 02 01 36 R amp S9FSWP K30 Measurement Basics 4 9 1 Noise Figure Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz If you change the scaling of the y axis the R amp S FSWP automatically adapts the trace data to the changed display range This allows an amplitude zoom to be made after the measurement in order to show details of the trace Using Markers Markers are used to mark points on traces to read out the results of a particular mea surement point or compare results of different traces The noise application provides four markers When you activate a marker the application automatically positions it on the first mea surement point left border of the diagram of trace 1 regardless of how many traces are active A marker is always positioned on the same horizontal position in all active measurement windows If you change the position of a marker in one window the application adjusts the
195. ting from the noise figure measurement In case of this method the application calculates the uncertainty for each measurement point or fre quency based on the noise figure and gain results of the last measurement If you have selected automatic determination of the DUT characterictics the applica tion does not show a result in the NF Uncertainty field in the dialog box Instead to view the uncertainty at all measurement points use the Result Table 5 7 3 Using the Uncertainty Calculator If off define the gain noise figure and frequency of the DUT manually for a single fre quency With this manual determination of the DUT characteristics the application only calculates the uncertainty for that frequency and shows the result in the NF Uncer tainty field in the dialog box e Noise Figure of the DUT e Gain of the DUT e Frequency of the DUT Remote command Control automatic DUT characteristics determination CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults on page 129 Manual definition of DUT characteristics CALCulate UNCertainty DATA NOISe on page 129 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA GAIN on page 128 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA FREQuency on page 128 Configuring Analyzer Characteristics For the analyzer characteristics the application always uses the data specified in the datasheet of the R amp S FSWP model you are using Thus it is not possible to change or adjust the analyzer characteristics in any way The uncertain
196. ting measurements if a preamplifier is used make sure the upcon verted frequencies for the measurement stay below the maximum frequency the pre amplifier supports Remote command SENSe CONFigure MODE DUT on page 111 LO Fixed Defines a fixed LO frequency for measurements on frequency converting DUTs with a fixed LO After you have defined the LO frequency the application updates the frequency list accordingly The LO setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO FREQuency on page 111 IF Fixed Defines a fixed intermediary frequency IF for measurements on frequency converting DUTSs with a fixed IF After you have defined the intermediary frequency the application updates the fre quency list accordingly 5 4 5 4 1 Configuring the Noise Source The IF setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem IF FREQuency on page 111 Image Rejection Turns image rejection of the DUT on and off If you set an image rejection of O dB the image frequency passes completely If you set a high image rejection up to 999 99 dB the image frequency is suppressed com pletely For DUTs that have a partial image rejection define the amount of suppres sion For more information see chapter 4 5 Image Frequency Rejection on page 31 Remote command SENSe CORRection IREJection on page 112
197. tion TYBE 2 tio ccena ace dcos Loi ner eo suce eas 114 SENSe CORRection ENR GOMMMAOR air idt nante nee Rennen aka d donada 115 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA sessessesenenere nenne 115 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABl e Dtleie sssessrsrerererererereesrsrsrnrnen nnen 115 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABl elle 116 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABl e GEI ect 116 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA 116 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete 117 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature LIST sssssss 117 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE sse nennen 118 SENSe CORRection ENR MEAGurementl SPOT 118 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TE 118 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD cooooincicncnnnnnnnnnncnnicncocnconininnanananans 119 IGENZGelCObRRechon EN MEAGurementtGbOT HOT 119 SENSe CORRection TEMPerature iconos rec aaa 119 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD lt Temperature gt This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor not supplied with power Toga used during calibration The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE Param
198. tion are enclosed by quota tion marks Conventions for Procedure Descriptions When describing how to operate the instrument several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task In this case the procedure using the touchscreen is described Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or the on screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures The term select may refer to any of the described methods i e using a finger on the touchscreen a mouse pointer in the display or a key on the instrument or on a key board Notes on Screenshots When describing the functions of the product we use sample screenshots These screenshots are meant to illustrate as much as possible of the provided functions and possible interdependencies between parameters Conventions Used in the Documentation The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product that is with all options instal led Thus some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par ticular product configuration Starting the Application 2 Welcome to the Noise Figure Measurement Application The R amp S FSWP K30 is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform noise figure measurements to the R amp S FSWP O Availability of Noise Figure Measurements The Nois
199. ts 15 This bit is always 0 7 19 1 4 STATus QUEStionable CORRection Register The STATus QUEStionable CORRection register contains information about the calibration status of noise figure measurements Bit no Meaning 0 NO CORRection This bit is set if calibration is required 1to2 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 3 Missing Loss or ENR values This bit is set if loss or ENR values are missing for one or more measurement fre quencies Using the Status Register Bit no Meaning 4to 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 7 19 1 5 Status Register Remote Commands STATUS OP E E 174 STATUS ee ET E 174 STATus QUEStionable CORRection EVENI reti ci ii 174 STATus QUEStoneble EIMICEVENI 1 5 rain cea dcm a 174 STATUS e ne er 174 STATUS QUESTO CONDON 2 exito ia AE A AAA AE 174 STATus QUEStionableCORRecton CONDiton esent nans 174 STATus OUEGuonable LlMt CONDtton enne nnne annee nnns 174 STATUSOPERaton TEE 175 STATUs QUESHonableENABIe 5 2 5 a hera acacia 175 STATusOUEztonable CObRbechonENAb le eene nnnn nnns 175 STATUS QUESti onable LIMENADle esee enne nnne nnns nans nn biaa Siri Enia 175 STATUS OPERAUbn CR Le EE 175 STATUS QUEStionable NTRansition 5 3 2 2 1 Intro leia 175 STATusOUEGtonable CObRbechonNTRansiton eene 175 STATUS QUEStionable LIMIENT RAMSIIOM i ccc ccccccisscedeccd eo
200. tures the information hierarchically with the Status Byte register STB and the Service Request Enable mask register SRE being on the highest level The STB gets its information from the standard Event Status Register ESR and the Event Status Enable mask register ESE The STB and ESR are both defined by IEEE 488 2 In addition to the ESR the STB also gets information from the STATus OPERa tion and STATus QUEStionable registers These are the link to the lower levels of the 7 19 1 1 Using the Status Register status register and are defined by SCPI They contain information about the state of the instrument For a more comprehensive description of the status registers not mentioned here and status register functionality in general see the manual of the base unit STATus OPERation Register The STATus OP ERation register contains information on current activities of the R amp S FSWP It also contains information on activities that have been executed since the last read out Bit no Meaning 0to3 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 4 MEASuring This bit is set if a measurement is in progress 5to6 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 7 CORRecting This bit is set if a 2nd stage correction is in progress 8 HCOPy This bit is set if a hardcopy is created 9 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 7 19 1 2 STATus QUEStionable Register The S
201. ty The Uncertainty result is shown only if you define the noise figure and gain character istics of the DUT manually on a single frequency In that case the uncertainty shown in the Uncertainty Calculation dialog box is valid only for the DUT frequency you have defined The Measurement Offset evaluates the internal noise of the R amp S FSWP that is added to the noise figure results The measurement offset result is displayed when 2nd stage correction is turned off When you turn on 2nd stage correction the internal noise is automatically removed from the uncertainty results so the measurement offset is not shown If you are using the noise figure and gain that has been determined during a measure ment the uncertainty is displayed only in the result table For more information see Use Measurement Values on page 64 SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty RESult on page 134 5 8 Performing Measurements This chapter contains all functionality necessary to control and perform noise figure measurements The contents of this chapter correspond to the contents of the Sweep menu You can access the Sweep menu with the SWEEP key Contmudus Swesp RUN DONT E 67 single Sweep RUN SINGLE conocer ias 68 CAI EE 68 VER TINO AA A At 68 Meas Mode Auto Manual comuni rai 68 Continuous Sweep RUN CONT Initiates a measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped If necessary the application automatically determines the
202. ty Calculator Parameters lt Gain gt Range 10 to 1000 RST 30 Default unit dB Example SYST CONF DUT GAIN 25 Defines gain of 25 dB Manual operation See Auto Level Range on page 61 SYSTem CONFigure DUT STIMe lt SettlingTime gt This command defines the settling time of the noise source Parameters lt SettlingTime gt Range Os to 20s RST 50 ms Example SYST CONF DUT STIM 1 s Defines a settling time of 1 second Manual operation See Settling Time on page 59 7 12 Using the Uncertainty Calculator The following commands are necessary to work with the measurement uncertainty cal culator CALCulatesUNCertainty EE 128 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv DATA FR EOuency sessi nennen nnne rrr rhe namas 128 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA GAIN nana nana nannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 128 CAL Culate UNCertainty DATAINOIS O cocos iii 129 CALCulate UNGertainty DA EACRESUlIS cocos eiii 129 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv ENR CAL bration UNC ertainty eene 129 CALOulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COD 130 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv ENR CAL bratton UNC ertaintv HOT 130 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv ENR UNC ertainty entente enne enne nnns 130 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD cccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeaeaaaaaeeeeeneteneees 131 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT c cseeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeaeeaeanaaeaa 131 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCH DUT INIRL ccceeee cece eee
203. ty calculation takes sev eral analyzer characteristics into account Of those it shows the following as read only fields in the user interface e Input match VSWR and return loss e Gain uncertainty e Noise figure uncertainty e Noise figure of the analyzer However if you are using an external preamplifier in the test setup you have to specify its characteristics in order to get a valid uncertainty result If you specify an external preamplifier the application automatically calculates and updates the analyzer charac teristics based on the characteristics of the preamplifier SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp STATe on page 134 Refer to the datasheet of the preamplifier you are using for the values you have to enter If you are using a preamplifier you have to define the following characteristics Preamplifier noise figure PA NF Defines the noise figure of the preamplifier SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp NOISe on page 134 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Preamplifier Gain PA Gain Defines the gain of the preamplifier SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp GAIN on page 134 Net spectrum analyzer noise figure Shows the noise figure of the analyzer If you are using an external preamplifier the application calculates the noise figure of the analyzer including the noise figure of the preamplfier and shows the result here If you do not use an external preamplifier this value is the sa
204. uble side band DSB mixers or those that partly suppress a sideband If a sideband is not nee ded or only partly needed you can reject the image frequency If you do so the appli cation activates a filter that suppresses the image frequency to a certain extent The following illustrations help you to configure the measurement in order to measure correctly For more information on how to configure image rejection see Image Rejection on page 49 Double sideband measurements Double sideband mixers use both sidebands to the same extent Both RF and image frequency should be converted In that case you have to turn image rejection off Image Frequency Rejection AAA A fir fre flo fimage fio frequency of the local oscillator fp intermediate frequency fpr flo fap lower sideband fio fe fimage Upper sideband fio fir If image rejection is on the results have a 3 dB error noise figure results are 3 dB lower than they should be gain results are 3 dB higher than in reality Single sideband measurements Single sideband mixers use a single sideband only In that case you have to suppress the sideband that is not required If you do so the measurement is pretty straightfor ward and works like a measurement on an amplifier 999 dB fir fre flo fimage To suppress a sideband completely it is best to set the image rejection to the maxi mum amount possible 999 99 dB Partial sideband suppression For measu
205. uencv OFF Get oftsetz nn 142 SOURCES EXI Sma e ER EE 143 SOURce EXTemal ROSCillator SOURCEe c comicidad 144 Gv GTem CGOMMunicate GIG RDEVice GENeratorADDhess rtr re reren rn ene 144 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator INTerface esssssss eene 144 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE esses eee sen aidia at 144 Gv Tem CGOMMunicate TChip R DEVice GENeratorADDbess re rererererrreee 145 Sv Tem CGOhNFioure GENerator CONTrol STATe sss eren 145 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise AUTO eese 145 Gv Tem CGOhNFioure GENerator INUTlaltse IMMediate reren enertrerereesrerene 145 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITch AUTO esses nennen nnne nnne 146 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator lt Denominator gt SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor NUMerator lt Numerator gt SOURce EXTernal FREQuency OFFSet lt offset gt Offset These commands define the frequency correction characteristics for the generator Configuring the Inputs and Outputs The commands are available with option R amp S FSWP B10 Frequency correction is calculated according to the following equation Numerator Denominato r XA o Offset lt 1 gt Offset lt 2 gt with fcenerato generator frequency e bo frequency of the analyzer s LO foftsetc1 gt Offset frequency of the analyzer foffset lt 2 gt Offset frequency of other components Suffix offset
206. uency converting mode has been selected Example CONF MODE SYST LO FREQ 1GHZ Defines afixed LO frequency of 1 GHz Manual operation See LO Fixed on page 48 SENSe CONFigure MODE DUT lt DUTType gt This command selects the type of DUT you are testing Parameters lt DUTType gt AMPLifier Measurements on fixed frequency DUTs DOWNconv Measurements on down converting DUTs UPConv Measurements on up converting DUTs RST AMPLifier Example CONF MODE DUT DOWN Selects the measurement mode for a down converting DUT Manual operation See Mode on page 48 7 9 Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection IREJection lt ImageRejection gt This command defines the image frequency rejection for the DUT Parameters lt ImageRejection gt Range 0 to 999 99 RST 999 99 Default unit dB Example CORR IREJ 0 Turns image rejection off Manual operation See Image Rejection on page 49 Configuring the Noise Source The following commands are necessary to define the noise source characteristics SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD oooonninonininincnnnnncnnnnnnoncnnnononcnnoninnnnnnnns 112 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT HOT ccccc ccecseccesesedceceeesedaeccbtanaedeceeraeedees 113 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration MODE 113 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT 113 IGENZGelCObRRechon ENR CAL bratton TADleGEl ect 114 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibra
207. urce during calibration and mea surement Only one set of fields to define the noise source characteristics is available The application calculates the uncertainty according to the values you have entered in there Turn the switch off when you use different noise sources during calibration and mea surement The application shows an additional set of fields to define the noise source characteristics The uncertainty calculation also includes these values The switch is available if you have turned on Common Noise Source Remote command CALCulate UNCertaint y COMMon on page 128 Output Match Defines the output match of the noise source you are using You can define the output match either as the VSWR or as the return loss RL Refer to the datasheet of the noise source for these values Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce VSWR on page 133 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce RL on page 133 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR on page 133 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration RL on page 133 ENR Uncert ainty Defines the uncertainty of the excess noise ratio of the noise source you are using 5 7 2 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Refer to the datasheet of the noise source for this value Available for noise sources with diode characteristics Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty on page 130 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty on page 129 Temp
208. use the INSTrument REName command Example INST LIST Result for 2 measurement channels PNO PhaseNoise PNO PhaseNoise2 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel Usage Query only Table 7 1 Available measurement channel types and default channel names Application lt ChannelType gt Parameter Default Channel Name Phase Noise PNOISE Phase Noise Spectrum R amp S FSWP B1 SANALYZER Spectrum UO Analyzer R amp S FSWP IQ Analyzer B1 Analog Demodulation ADEM Analog Demod R amp S FSWP K7 Noise Figure Measure NOISE Noise ments R amp S FSWP K30 Note the default channel name is also listed in the table If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel INSTrument REName lt ChannelName1 gt lt ChannelName2 gt This command renames a measurement channel Parameters lt ChannelName1 gt String containing the name of the channel you want to rename lt ChannelName2 gt String containing the new channel name Note that you can not assign an existing channel name to a new channel this will cause an error Example INST REN PhaseNoise PNO Renames the channel with the name PhaseNoise to PNO Usage Setting only INSTrument SELect lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName gt This command activates a new measurement channel with the defined channel type or selects an existi
209. ut MODE Mode This command selects the output loss mode Configuring Additional Loss Parameters lt Mode gt SPOT Uses a constant output loss value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT on page 122 TABLe Uses the contents of the output loss table RST SPOT Example CORR LOSS OUTP MODE SPOT Selects constant output loss Manual operation See Output Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT lt Loss gt This command defines a constant output loss for all measurement points Parameters lt Loss gt Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 0 dB Default unit dB Example CORR LOSS OUTP MODE SPOT CORR LOSS OUTP SPOT 10 Selects constant output loss mode and defines an output loss of 10 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Output Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe lt Frequency gt Loss This command defines the contents of the currently selected output loss table The table should contain an output loss for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the frequency list Parameters Frequency lt ENR gt Each entry of the loss table consists of one measurement point and the corresponding loss The table can contain up to 500 entries Frequency Frequency of the measurement point The range is from O Hz to 999 99 GHz Loss Loss of the measurem
210. y SCPI confirmed CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt STATe lt State gt This command turns the limit check for a specific limit line on and off To query the limit check result use CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt FAIL Note that a new command exists to activate the limit check and define the trace to be checked in one step see CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 160 lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC LIM STAT ON Switches on the limit check for limit line 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Disable All Lines on page 86 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt TraceNumber gt This command links a limit line to one or more traces Note that this command is maintained for compatibility reasons only Limit lines no lon ger need to be assigned to a trace explicitely The trace to be checked can be defined directly as a suffix in the new command to activate the limit check see CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 160 Parameters lt TraceNumber gt 1to4 RST 1 Example CALC LIM2 TRAC 3 Assigns limit line 2 to trace 3 Working with Markers CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk lt State gt This command turns the limit check for a specific trace on and off To query the limit check result use CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt FAIL Note that this command replaces the two co

R&S®FSWP-K30 Noise Figure User Manual

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R&amp;S&reg;FSWP-K30 Noise Figure User Manual

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R&S®FSWP-K30 Noise Figure User Manual