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W4100D User Manual

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2. Frequency range HF MODES System FEC Baudrate 96 0 288 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF FEC A OPERATING MENU FEC A Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 96 0 Baud 144 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var ECC ison SPeg 72 Bits Od Level 0 MA 2 The FEC A mode is started bv se parameter causes incorrect error lecting a standard baud of 96 correction to be performed and Baud 144 baud or 1192 Baud the data output rapidly becomes Frequency shift and baud rate corrupted If error correction ar determined using Signal is disabled ECC is OFF the Analysis For automatic tuning length of the shift register Auto may be selected will not affect decoding This feature allows any FEC A signal The synchronisation or idle to be decoded state easily recognised by its sound It is an alternating FEC A will detect and correct mark spac keving sequence transmission errors till a cer mark space ratio approx 40 tain limit In the case of ex 60 trem interference rror cor rection may worsen the situation FEC A uses a convolution error so reception without error cor correction scheme based on data rection may improve performance bits being read into a shift re gister the length of which may FEC A uses the ARQ 1A alphabet
3. Frequency range HF MODES Svstem FEC Baudrate 68 5 and 102 63 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF AUTOSPEC OPERATING MENU AUOSEC Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 62 3 Baud 68 5 Baud 102 63 Baud 137 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var ECC ison Force LIRS AGS The parity dependant repeat are inverted befor transmis transmission of the 5 data bits Sion is easily recognised by ear for certain character combinations The Bauer code can correct sin The IDLE signal also has a dis gle bit errors and corrected tinctive sound Various sta characters are displayed in red tions utilise the now quite old on the screen display Charac AUTOSPEC mode in FDM Frequency ters which have been found to Division Multiplex systems contain more than a single bit error are represented by the un The Bauer code is used for error derline symbol Error correction detection and correction pur may be enabled or disabled by poses Each codeword consists of selecting the ECC is ON OFF 10 bits The five leading bits menu field ECC refers to Error are a character of the ITA 2 al Correction Control phabet and the trailing 5 bits are a direct repetition of the The standard baud rate for AUTO first five bits If even parity SPEC is 68 5 Baud is present the last five bits OPERATING MODES PAGE 1
4. The data communication is based With the exception of the REMOTE on the use of printable charac ON OFF and LOAD RESET keys all ters binary data is not used other keys as well as the track Data flow cannot be controlled ball become inactive The menu neither by hardware handshake display area on the screen is nor by XON XOFF protocol XON cleared and the message Remot OFF has been discontinued to en messages at local address xx able complete transparency of is displayed All subsequent the serial interfaces To con data traffic between the host trol data flow it is recommended and the W 4100DSP is displayed to await the acknowledgement and in the menu field prompt character gt from the W4100DSP before sending the next The REMOTE ON LED indicates the command Overwriting of the com operating mode of the W 4100DSP mand buffer is then avoided In remote mode the LED is on and in local mode it is off COMMAND TRANSMISSION The software of the W 4100DSP REMOTE AND LOCAL OPERATION does not echo characters to the After receiving the string host When a terminal or a ter REMOTEXX OFF the software re minal emulator e g installed turns to the menu of the last in a PC is used the latter active mode The last active must be configured
5. Frequency range HF MODES Svstem FAX SSTV HELL Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF SSIV Analvsis Demodulator Sart Restart Martin1 3 Auto Color Sync Acture Freerun is on Run SSTV is used to transmit still tion to the standard modes images over a voice channel Us manufacturers of SSTV equipment ing a SSB transceiver images mav often include new modes so that be transmitted world wide SSTV an overview of the different is a television standard as the modes is quite impossible images are scanned row by row and then transmitted at a very Presently WAVECOM has restricted low rate hence the designation itself to the adjustment of the Slow Scan Television SSTV is resolution In the Traffic only used by radio amateurs Mode menu the various line pixel values may be selected The basic standard has a resolu This allows displaying most SSTV tion of 120 x 120 pixels and re transmissions but requires a quires 8 s for the transfer of certain confidence with the an image which increases up to transmissions Future versions 32 s for higher resolutions will enable the calling up of one system at a time however a The system parameters of SSTV valid list is not yet available were never standardized and be A summary gives information on cause of this a confusing number the more important SSTV modes of modes have
6. G TOR Analysis Auto Auto Sync 100 Baud 200 Baud 300 Baud Demodulator Option USASCII G TOR operates at a radio chan software will ensure the baud nel rate of 100 200 or 300 Baud The quality of the radio channel determines the actual adjustment baud rate By clicking the Auto menu field the demodulator will auto matically adjust to the actual shift and centre frequency fol lowed by phasing with automatic baud rate and signal polarity detection Auto Sync exclusively starts re phasing to the signal This is necessary if during transmis rate adoptions as is the case in Auto or Auto Sync mode Af ter the end of transmission the software will re synchronize The cycle duration of G TOR is always 2 4 s The data frame has a length of 1 92 s which leaves 0 16 s for acknowledgement from the remote station At 300 Baud 69 data bytes are transferred at 200 Baud 45 bytes and at 100 Baud 21 bytes After the end of the data block a control byte and the 16 bit CRC sum are ap pended On the receiving side up to 3 incorrect bits may be corrected Sion disturbances a change of baud rate takes place and re ceiver signal synchronism is lost With some skill the actual baud rate of G TOR may be easily rec ognized The baud rates 100 Baud 200 Baud and 300 Baud may be manually selected If so pha
7. Bit Analys F7B Signal Analysis 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var 90 Bt Bock Gart Sop F7BFxed Shift F7BVar Shift Extract Bits Demodulator Bit Analysis is used to deter analysis process is started In mine the bit pattern of a tele the upper third section of the graphy system IDLE TRAFFIC and screen display horizontal lines REQUEST bit patterns as well as are now drawn The colour BLUE the alphabet being used corresponds to the Y Vl data and YELLOW to B Vi data If the pe As described previously the fre riodicity corresponds to the quency shift and exact baud rate block length a bit pattern with must first b determined The periodic repetition now becomes number of desired horizontal visible If the setting of the bits is programmed with the block length is correct repeti field 56 Bit Block This value tive bit patterns or data blocks is determined with autocorrela are displayed symmetrical under tion and the number of bits per neath each other Thus by set horizontal line should corre ting the block length the previ spond to the periodicity or a ously determined periodicity may multiple thereof In th cas be verified of simplex systems the setting should include th ntire system Phase errors or state transi cycle e g the SITOR ARQ mode tions within a data bit are dis consis
8. input Some digipeaters offset inspected by moving the track their transmit frequency up to ball ball To select a call sign 1 000 Hz from their normal fre click the left button Call quency and this introduces many signs are stored in a FIFO reception errors The frequency First in first out buffer offset is compensated by chang The ability to select call signs ing the translation frequency is useful when monitoring high activity channels It should be The I S U frames function noted that call signs which have gives the user the possibility been previously selected do not to display either all packets or appear in the list To deselect stations use the Remove Call field However the call sign will not be erased Clicking the Display Frames field causes it to change to Display Text In Display Frames mode all call signs and the entire packet contents are displayed whereas the Display Text mode limits the display to text packets only The use of the latter mode is sufficient in most cases since all call signs and the system stat ar dis played in any case on the status line For longer decoding ses sions however the call signs should form part of the output The packet radio protocol is a derivative of the X 25 and HDLC computer network protocols Through the effort of American radio amateurs TAPR low cost equipment has become easily available an
9. POCSAG Analysis Demodulator Options 512 00 Baud 1200 00 Baud 2400 00 Baud Auto peed ECC ison Message iter US ASCII The pager services introduced by which the POCSAG subscriber is a number of PTT administrations to call can b relayed Mes uses the POCSAG Post Office sages are displayed in the pager Code Standard Advisory Group unit and can be stored in part standard Pagers are one way de vices A base station controls a Alphanumeric pagers Mode 3 large number of receivers and a The type which is most easy to return channel for transmission use is the alphanumeric pager of reception acknowledgements or where the transmitted message is text is not available displayed on the pager unit dis play Such messages may be up to POCSAG specifies 4 different 80 characters long call modes A country wide pager network is Tone only pagers Mode 0 1 like a mobile telephone service The receiver can receive four subdivided into individual cells different messages The meaning that are each serviced by a base of the four tones must be deter station mined beforehand The acoustic Signal is supported by the dis Cells are fed with information play of the A B C or D mes in a time multiplex fashion i e sages on a small LCD display messages are transmitted in cv All pagers must in principle cles This prevents that areas have to
10. Baudrate BA SI S Status ST Center CE ess Type 0 E rigger TG Data DA ode O Time TI Date DT Polarity PO Timestamp TS Demodulator DE Print PR Tone Duration TO ECC EC Repetition RE Translation TR Gain GA RPM RP Twinplex Shift TW IOC IO Signal Source SI Twinplex vl v1 Language LA Shift SH Twinplex v2 v2 Level E Slength SL Version VE LTRS FIGS LT Span SP Video VI ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 54 REMOTE COMMANDS MODES REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE MODE ANALYSIS HF ANALVSIS DIR ANALYSIS IND CODECHECK HE CODECHECK DIR CODECHECK IND ACARS ALIS ARQ E Fl MODE SPA MODE SPA MODE SPA MODE SHIFT CENTER BAUDRATE MODE SHIFT BAUDRATE MODE SHIFT CENTER BAUDRATE MODE SHIFT CENTER FRAMES Z O U ti MODE n HIFT ENTER Q ANALXSIS HF NARROW NORMAL WIDE LARGE 600 3500 ANALYSIS DIR ARROW ORMAL WIDE JARGE ANALYSIS IND ARROW ORMAL WIDE ARGE CODECHECK HF AUTO CODECHECK HF 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 CODECHECK DIR AUTO CODECHECK DIR 50 16000 30 0 9600 0 CODECHECK IND AUTO CODECHECK IND 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 3000 ACARS 50 3500 600
11. SPREAD 51 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 62 3 Baud 68 5 Baud 102 63 Baud 137 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var ECC ison Force LIRS AGS The operating menus for the The spreading used in the trans SPREAD 11 and SPREAD 12 are mission with 11 21 or 51 bits identical to the SPREAD 51 menu significantly improves the data and ar therefor not treated transfer reliability The prob separately ability that two or more bits from the same character will be SPREAD 51 systems mostly use in error is reduced considerably 102 6 Baud on the radio link using such bit spreading 218 Baud is used more seldom The software synchronises with Like AUTOSPEC the SPREAD 11 traffic or idle characters and SPREAD 21 and SPREAD 51 modes the polarity is automatically use with the 10 bit Bauer code detected Since the Spread modes For improved reliability in are designed in such a way that terms of burst errors each char they use the same IDLE character acter is spread in time as AUTOSPEC no clear distinc interleaving After each bit tion between SPREAD and AUTOSPEC of the 10 bit Bauer code 50 is possible during idle trans data bits alternatelv 10 or 20 missions Classification is only from other characters are sent possible during actual data New characters start at inter transmission vals of 10 bits OPERATING MOCES PAGE 83 ss TV
12. RUM FEC Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 164 48 Baud 218 30 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Bit inversion Nor Polarity ECC ison Force LIRS HGS MA 2 RUM FEC operates at speeds of 164 5 and 218 3 Baud on the radio link The HNG FEC and RUM FEC modes are technically very similar RUM FEC alphabet has a code word length of 16 bits where RUM FEC has a bit spread of 128 bits each new character starting at intervals of 16 bits The software synchro nises to traffic as well as to idle bit patterns Bit inversion is often used each of the 32 used bit com binations corresponds to an ITA 2 character The RUM FEC alphabet is de signed to obtain a maximum Hamming distance for error detection The actual ITA 2 alphabet is not contained in the code table Error correc tion is done like in the case of HNG FEC by table look up of the bit pattern character closest resem bling the character in error The bit inversion pattern may be selected from the Bit in version field Error correction may be en abled or disabled using the ECC is on off field In RUM FEC mode the signal polarity sideband can be manually selected by clicking on the Nor Polarity Inv Polarity field If polarity changes during a transmis sion synchronisation will not be lost OPERATING MOCES PAGE 75 SELCAL ANALOG Frequency range
13. mode select baud rate By se tween the two duplex stations lecting the AUTO option the both transmitters operate con automatic determination of fre tinuously If no data is trans quency shift and baud rate is mitted an idle bit pattern is performed Signal polarity LSB sent or USB sidebands is automati cally detected At 100 Baud the last three char acters are repeated after the RQ POL ARQ is a full duplex system character At 200 Baud the last with two transmitting frequen four characters are repeated 5 cies The system is based on the character repetition cycle The Sitor ARQ alphabet This alpha WAVECOM software automatically bet having a 4 3 mark space ra detects the character repetition tio allows error detection Like cycle all duplex systems POL ARQ ini OPERATING MOCES PAGE 70 PRESS FAX Frequencv range HF MODES Svstem FAX SSTV HELL Drum speed 120 RPM Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF PRESS FAX OPERATION MENU PRESS FAX Analvsis Auto Manual Demodulator Options Drum Soeed IOC Modul Zoom Phase Nor Polarity Fine Seed Rght to Left The transmission of press fax and smooth alignment of the im images on short wave is based on age as it is being received via grey levels and specific IO
14. AM FAX Satellit weather charts are transmitted using AM This demodulator also uses the I Q method However the amplitude of the signal is calculated instead of its frequency tine seh centr field of the demodulator window the centre frequency to which the W4100DSP has been adjusted is displayed and in the right field the value of the frequency shift The centre frequency and the shift may both be manually adjusted by using the DEMODULATOR submenu or automatically using th INTRODUCTION PAGE 7 recovery a Costas loop is used A Costats loop is a PLL with a special phase comparator which removes the payload data from the PLL loop Then the input signal is downconverted to AUTO option DPSK With differential PSK the absolute carrier phase cannot be used for data recovery as is the case with BPSK and QPSK To decode multiphase DPSK up to 16DPSK the input signal is mixed with a complex phase regulated reference signal The resulting data reduced signal is then filtered in a low pass filter In the following phase comparator the phase difference is calculated from the integrator and the delayed signal DPSK is almost exclusively used for short wave data links BPSK BPSK has two phase shifts at 180 degrees For carrier baseband by mixing the carrier in a complex mixer and the resulting signal is the data Signal BPSK is almost ex
15. method has the advantage that its value only has to be entered once leaving the center fre quency as the only parameter to be adjusted For the HF 1000 HF receiver the translation frequency is ad justed 453 300 Hz and the BFO frequency to 1700 Hz CW mode In auto mode and all other ad justments the translation fre quency should not be changed any more EXTERN V1 V2 IS STROBE RS232 level VI V2 is Strobe selects the SERIAL input func tion using the PCM IN plug Various functions e g baud rate measurement are not avail able with external bit streams INTRODUCTION PAGE 10 E ENE E ees _ Input AF HF IF455 KHz IF10 7 MHz IF21 4 MHz Digital3791 PCM This menu field connects the de puts is detailed in the chapter modulator to the corresponding INSTALLATION input The active input is dis plaved in the lower right hand Digital Sy ec ley selects the field The function of these in DIGITAL IN input FUNCTION BANDWIDTH AT CW MORSE In CW MORSE mode an additional The bandwidth is adjustable from WBandwidth menu field is found 50 Hz to 1200 Hz Normal values are between 500 and 800 Hz It is a well known fact that de Bandwidths below 200 Hz make the coding CW MORSE is difficult tuning of the receiver diffi Thus in this mode the DSP de cult For keying s
16. the four window functions heavy distortions Each window Rectangle Hamming type has its own characteris Hanning and Blackman may be ECS selected The different window types influence accuracy of the One has to be aware that for the signal spectrum measurement FFT measurements changes in the Good amplitude resolution is ob received signal can cause the tained using the rectangular display of spurious spectral window but on the other hand lines or a liasing false fre this window type also causes quency display ADJUSTMENT OF THE TRANSLATION FREQUENCY A FFT spectrum calculation can lated as the IF output fre be done from Hz to the se quency 455 kHz half of the lected maximum range adjusted FFT bandwidth 12 KHz Translation 443 KHz The The translation frequency for measurement range now is 443 KHz decoding of DIRECT FSK trans to 467 KHz missions as e g POCSAG or ER MES must be adjusted to the ef For a 455 KHz receiver IF output fective center frequencv of the of a short wave receiver e g signal f e 455 KHz HF 1000 the translation fre quency is first adjusted to A bandwidth of 24 KHz from 455 453 3 KHz to obtain the standard KHz to 479 KHz is sufficient for center frequency of 1700 Hz the measuring range of the FFT Thus it is not necessary to Therefor th translation fre change the translation frequency quency must be offset half of f
17. Preamble 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Batch gt 576 bit 544 bit 544 bit 544 bit The structure of a batch is total Only the first 32 bits fixed Each batch starts with a 32 bit synchronisation codeword with a fixed content The synchronisation word is fol lowed by eight frames frame 0 7 containing 2 x 32 bits in ar however used for transmit ting a pager address It would therefore be possible to double the maximum number of subscrib ers in the group by utilizing the frame contents to its full extent SC FO FI F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 32 2x32bit 2x32 bit 2x32 bit 2x32 bit 2x32 bit 2x32 bit 2x32 bit 2x32 bit The message contents of the code words may include pager ad dresses or messages destined for specific pager addresses The frames contained in a batch are numbered from 0 to 7 All pagers are similarly divided into 8 groups with each pager only re ceiving frames to which it has been assigned A pager synchro nises itself to the batch synch codeword SC and ignores the seven frames which are not ap plicable Following the address at the be ginning of a frame a message of any desired length may be sent In the case of numeric pagers digits are sent in BCD code while for alphanumeric pagers the message is transmitted using 7 bit ASCII OPERATING MOCES PAGE 68 codes SC FO FI F2 Add Info Info
18. Phase Analysis Sart Center 1800 Demodulator Hold Time 20 SYNC Mode Symb 100 0 P amp Rate Anal FFT The Phase Analysis tool is used When starting signal analysis Eor analyzing the one is trying to determine th characteristics of phase characteristics of an unknown modulated signals BPSK QPSK signal The normal starting M ary DPSK and to a limited point for this is Real time FFT extent M ary PAM signals The Phase Analysis tools really In summary the basic steps for consists of three tools These analyzing a suspected D PSK are Asynchronous mode phase signal is as follows plane Synchronous mode phase plane and phase modulation 1 Use the Real time FFT tool symbol rate tool to characterize the signal Use the cursors to configure a SYMBOL RATE MEASUREMENT OF A 100 BAUD 8 DPSK SIGNAL C a IE WAVECOM SYMBOL RATE ANALYSIS jil Ny Mill fu W di l NM ji WI l wa NA Select Rate Cursor 1 Peak ursor Pea Scale 6 500 filter to the estimate of the center frequency and bandwidth 2 Use the PSK Symbol Rate analysis tool to measure and select the symbol rate of the signal 3 Try and view the phase plane of the signal using the SYNC Mode using the DPSK demodulator If the signal is a PSK signal the phase plane should be visible 4 If the SYNC mode failed to produce a meaningful display try the ASXNC Mode This requires accurate adjustment of the Reference s
19. Most stations us th Y Y B B setting for the VI channel The second channel frequently uses two inner frequencies f2 and f3 during the IDLE state no traf fic or during the RQ state incorrect acknowledgement from the remote station In these states SITOR and TWINPLEX svs tems can not be distinguished from each other OPERATING MOCES PAGE 88 WEATHER FAX Frequency range HF MODES Svstem FAX SSTV HELL Drum speed 60 90 or 120 RPM Resolution IOC 288 or IOC 576 Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF WEATHER FAX OPERATING MENU WEATHER FAX Analysis Auto Manual Demodulator Options Drum peed IOC Modul Zoom Phase Nor Polarity Fine Seed Left to Right A number of stations world wide Modul The selected values are transmit weather charts on a displayed in the system status regular schedule During the line on the display In the transmission of an image a char short wave band weather charts acteristic and easy recognizable are transmitted almost exclu audio signal is heard A spe Sively with speeds of 60 90 or cific frequency deviation may 120 rpm In the case of 60 rpm also be seen on a tuning indica the drum rotates once per sec tor Most transmitters work with ond with
20. INSTALLATION PAGE 14 TIMING RELATIONS OF THE VGA VIDEO INTERFACE Pixelclock Horizontal Timing 25 MHz a HSYNC Frequency 31 565 KHz 792 pixels 31 68 us b HSYNC Width 2 08 us c Back Porch 2 72 us d Front Porch 1 28 us d a L 8 D lt HSYNC a C ees gt lt HBLANK Vertical Timing Line cross 31 68 us e VSYNC Frequency 59 7843 Hz 528 lines VSYNC Width 2 Z g Back Porch 30 Z h Front Porch 16 Z h An gt D lt VSYNC e je g A lt VBLANK The technical specifications of the VGA video interface conform to the PC standard The timing relations shown above may however be useful when selecting a VGA LCD display INTRODUCTION PAGE 1 USING THE W4100DSP After loading of the W4100DSP has been completed the main menu application software the WAVECOM appears in the lower left part logo with the software version of the screen is displayed After this task MAIN MENU HF Modes VHF UHF DIR VHF UHF IND Satellite Modes Setup Functions FUNCTION OF THE TRACKMAN MOUSE AND THE FRONT CURSOR KEYS The operation of the W4100DSP is ment is done using the front completely controlled by a menu panel UP DOWN LEFT and system which in turn is con
21. EEA t IA URO O O i A ny EC A 0 3500 00 3500 0 0 1200 DSP Wau H H EC A AUTO 0 MAR II K SPACE TRANSPARE TASS CXRI TA 2 T ILIC II TA 2 CYRI LLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 ELDHELL FMS BOS GOLAY G TOR HC ARQ HNG FEC REMOTE CONTTROL SHIFT CENTER DEMODULATOR LANGUAGE S CENTER BAUDRATE DEMODULATOR Z O ie ti SHIFT CENTER BAUDRATE SR SR EG72 EG128 NOT AVAILABL FMS BOS 50 3500 600 3500 GOLAX 50 16000 sal G 1 G 1 TOR TOR AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 DSP MARK SPAC US ASCII TRANSPAR ti HC ARQ HC ARQ AU 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 DSP MARK SPAC HNG FEC HNG FEC A 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 ti ti TO 0 UTO 0 MODE H FOCALL METEOSAT MPT NATEL NOAA GEOSAT PACTOR PACKET 300 PACKET 1200 PACKET 9600 PCM 30 PICCOLO MK6 PICCOLO MK12 REMOTE COMMAND DEMODULATOR POLARITY NOT CONTROLLABLE NOT CONTROLLABLE MODE SHIFT STATION DCW DATA MODE ALL DATA NOT CONTROLLABLE MODE ep HIFT CENTER DEMODULATOR S C
22. be changed in the case of FEC A Every second bit of the bit Values of 72 and 128 bits are stream is used for the convolu common Shift register length is tion error correction and thus set using S REG 72 bits S each codeword consists of 14 REG 128 bits menu field In bits correct selection of the S REG OPERATING MODES PAGE 38 F E LDHE L L Frequency range HF MODES System FAX SSTV HELL Baud rate 122 5 Baud Modulation Carrier keving AM Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF FELDHELL OPERATING MENU DHAL Analysis 96 0 Baud Var 122 5 Baud dart Sop Demodulator Nor Polarity Options Feldhell is a synchronous pic as the pitch of the helix was ture telegraph system invented designed to print a double row in the 1930s It is using a vir of characters one complete tual matrix laid down on the character would always be dis character to be transmitted The plaved on the tape Hell util pixels of the matrix is then izes AM in the form of CW or A2 sent scanning the matrix from the bottom of the first column By selecting 122 5 Baud or left to the top of the last Variable rate reception is column right covering a matrix started Selecting Polarity 7 columns x 14 lines Pixels are will determine normal or inverse always sent in pairs screen colour Start Stop start
23. Video Display is not correct Printer output is incorrect No baud Signal rate display in the Analysis function Trackball keys are switched Trackball A4Tech does properly not work APPENDIX PAGE 22 POSSIBLE CAUSE S AND REMEDY Check for matching baud rate and data formats on both sides Serial interfaces Check the interface cables Check the DTR signal Check printer performance with slower data rates Centronics cable is too long 2 meters max Check maximum deviation for dif ferent signal types Check the setting gain Use AF signal from speaker out put as a test AF signal level possibly too low Use different AF cable as a test Try another AF cable Check the settings of the DIP switches 1 3 4 amp 5 on the rear of the unit Try a different video monitor Check the printer setting in the Setup Functions Printer Printer Type menu Try a different printer cable Check the state of the decoder s V1 V2 is intern extern set ting Set trackball tvpe in SETUP GLOBAL CONFIG Logitech or A4Tech Switch slider on the right side of the trackball to setting 3 APPENDIX PAGE 23 FUSE REPLACEMENT Before replacing the fuse dis connect the AC mains cable from the unit s power supply The fuse is located above the mains connector in a fuse holder which may be removed by pressing down t
24. automatic determination of signal shift up to 3 500 Hz graphic display of captured frequency spectrum shift determination with movable cursors continuous display of cursor difference in Hz continuous measurements with averaging accuracy up to 1200 bit s typically 5 precise bitrate independent determination of center frequency Real Time FFT spectrum display graphical display with more than 20 color pictures per second genuine FFT with 4048 pixels and 260 di four adjustable bandwidths between 500 B dvnamic Hz to 24 000 Hz Averaging measurement with up to 64 measurements freelv pre selectable movable cursors for difference measurements graphical Peak Hold function four pre selectable window filters APPENDIX PAGE 17 Real Time Waterfall graphical displav with more than 20 pictures per second genuine FFT with 4048 pixels and gt 60 db dynamic four adjustable bandwidths between 500 Hz to 24 000 Hz graphical display with 40 measurements movable cursors for difference measurements four pre selectable window filters Real Time Sonograms graphical display with more than 20 pictures per second genuine FFT with 4048 pixels and gt 60 db dynamic four adjustable bandwidths between 500 Hz to 24 000 Hz graphical display with 40 measurements movable cursors for difference measurements four pre selectable window
25. OPERATING MOCES PAGE 89 Using the OptionsNColours menu field black and whit weather images may be converted into pseudo colour images For each of the sixteen possible inten sity values a combination of red blue and green colour in tensity can be assigned A printout of such images is how ever not possible OPERATING MOCES PAGE 90 ZVEI VDEW DIGITAL Frequency range VHF UHF MODES System SELECAL digital Baudrate 1200 Bit s Modulation INDIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 12 KHz narrow Signal source AF only ZVEI VDEW OPERATING MENU WE VDEW Analysis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud DIGITAL ZVEI VDEW SELECTIVE CALL 11 12 1996 08 52 36 11 12 1996 08 52 24 BAK 1 STAT A RAUTE 1 Herst 23 Ruff 123 Z Z as Time and Status manufacturer Call number date Mode Rhombus character character EELEELEPEBEDEELI 1500 Hz Shift BBBHZz Intern jTrans Fra 8 Hz Signal Analysis Demodulator Il 1204 00 Baud The digital selective calling systems ZVEI and VDEW were de fined for selective call and data transmission in the non ublic mobile land radio ser ice The ZVEI p v system adheres to the recommendation AK SRDS 87 3D while the VDEW system was k T i nown as D
26. To maintain synchronisation be tween the two stations both transmitters operate continu ouslv and send the idle bit pat tern if no traffic is transmit ted OPERATING MODES PAGE 9 FeO Es Signal sources AF or I Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 48 0 288 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB ARO ES OPERATING MENU ARQ E3 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 48 0 Baud 72 0 Baud 96 0 Baud 100 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 96 0 Baud var TA 2 Force LIRSFIGS ARO E3 svstems often operate at speeds of 48 50 96 192 and 288 Baud on the radio link Svnchronisation for the ARQ E3 operating mode may be started with the selection of a baud rate An AUTO program start causes the automatic determina tion of the frequency shift and baud rate to be executed first The signal polarity USB or LSB Sidebands is automatically de tected After synchronisation to an ARQ E3 system has been achieved the detected repetition rate is dis played 4 or 8 cycles This pa rameter gives certain clues as to identical transmission nets If the same continuously re peated character often FFFF is decoded whilst working in the ARQ E3 mode it is most likely an ARQ E system being monitored ARO E3 employs the ITA 3 alpha bet balanced 3 4 m
27. ANALYSS DIRECT FX Analysis Code Check Peal Time FFT Waterfall Autocorrelation Oscilloscope Bit Analysis All analysis functions have been tion to the two analysis modes al divided into two groups One for HF ready mentioned a SIGNAL ANALV modes and one for VHF UHF modes SIS menu is available in all This is enables optimising for pa modes The HF or VHF UHF option is rameters like various baudrate which are very different for frequency ranges shift the In addi and then depending on the last active mode ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 2 MENU SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF HF MODES ANALYSS DIRECT FX Analysis Code Check Real lime FFT Waterfall Autocorrelation Oscilloscope Bt Analvsis MENU SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF VHF UHF MODES ANAYLSS IND FX Analysis Code Check Feal Time FFT Waterfall SHCAL Analysis Autocorrelation Oscilloscope Bit Analysis FSK ANALYSIS HF MODE MENU FSK ANALYSIS FX Analysis Large Shift Wide hift Nomal Shift Narrow Shift High Precision Set Alter Hold Cursor on Demodulator The FSK Analysis mode is a tool for measuring baud rate and frequency shift properties of a monitored signal The baud rate measurement is based on a novel method of autocorrelation and subsequent FFT calcula tion Using this tool the prop erties of most HF modes may be measured with a
28. VWD Kurse 1 VWD Kurse 2 VWD Kurse 3 VWD Kurse 4 VWD News and Reuters News respectively In addition a menu field pro vides for summarised information with a scrolling function The most important rates which have been trans ferred directly from the stock market may be viewed in the different fields In general data is updated after 84 seconds at the latest exchange The thirty share based on the DAX index and are transmitted in real time from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange prices are German share new RADIO MAIL system was intro duced This allows larger amounts of data to be trans ferred to a notebook PC with an internal paging system The MO DACOM system will however most probably replace the RADIO MAIL concept INFOCALL consisting in some cases of very long 0 and 1 sequences operates with direct frequency modulation This re quires demodulation from an IF Signal source at either 455 KHz 10 7 MHz or 21 4 MHz The decod ing from an audio frequency source which is offered by other manufacturers is unusable for INFOCALL services Most amateur radio sets requir modification for this purpose The 10 7 MHz IF output available on some equipment ICOM has too low an output voltage In addi tion the small bandwidth fil ters of 15 and 20 KHz are only available on the 455 KHz outputs of amateur equip
29. Bits Nor Let c Nor Fig Inv Let 2 BIT SPREAD C ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 38 FUNCTION 0111001110011100111001110011100111001110010104 R 4 Y 6 Modern FEC techniques often make use of code spread or interleav ing The individual bits are in terleaved with other bits to im prove the transmission s immu nity to burst errors Typical systems using spreads are SPREAD51 HNG FEC or RUM FEC This simplex example shows a code spread of 1 The ITA 2 al phabet is read from every second bit with the remaining bits be ing ignored This setting is done with the field Bit Spread r7 and the field Normal Spread This particular spread is symmetric i e the software always displays the next bit ac cording to the programmed spread parameter More complex also known e g code spreads are the GOLAY sys tem These spreads are asymmet rical The menu fields Spread by Frame and Spread by Block in the menu field Normal Spread offer additional func tionality in such cases The spread then refers to the pre programmed values of the fields Frame Size x and Block Size se As a further aid the software can display a count of recog nised data blocks If both the data block length e g RUM FEC is 16 bit and spread length are known this function permits character synchronisation to be made The number of frames found must be sm
30. FEC Svstem 68 5 137 Baud Bauer Alphabet Asvnchronousousous Svstem 45 600 Baud ITA 2 Alphabet HF asvnchronous duplex ARQ svstem 110 1200 Baud ITA 5 Bulgarian ASCII DUPLEX System 100 01 Baud M2 Alphabet DUPLEX System 96 192 Baud M2 Alphabet MFSK Svstem 40 and 10 ms M2 Alphabet HF digital selective call svstem 100 Baud ASCII BCD APPENDIX PAGE COQUELET 8 COQUELET 13 ET 80 COQUEL CW MORSE DGPS DUP ARQ DUP ARQ 2 DUP FEC 2 ERMES FEC A Hy ELDHELI FMS BOS GMDSS DSC GOLAY MFSK System syn 37 5 and 75 ms Alphabet No 40 MFSK System as 75 ms Alphabet No 40 Synchronous MFS 31 5 50 715 ms ITA 2 Bagdad 8 FEC option Morse Telegraph 20 400 BPM Morse and Morse Differential DG 100 200 Baud ITA 5 Binarv w Semi Duplex ARQ 125 Baud ITA 2 with Bloc Semi Duplex ARQ 250 Baud ITA 5 with BI OC Duplex Svstem 125 and 250 Bau ITA 5 with Bloc Pager svstem 3125 Bit s 4PAM ASCII ITA 5 Bi EC Svstem 6 288 Baud RQIA convulgen Po Fy HF synchronous 122 5 Baud Character pixel chronous 3 ynchronous 1 amp 402 K system 0 y Cvrillic PS information svstem ith block
31. P PACTOR PACKET 300 600 PACKET 1200 PACKET 9600 PCM 30 PICCOLO MK6 PICCOLO MK12 POCSAG POL ARQ PRESS FAX PSK 31 R RUM FEC S SELCAL ANALOG SI ARQ SI FEC SI AUTO SITOR ARQ SITOR FEC SITOR AUTO SPREAD 11 SPREAD 21 SPREAD 51 SSTV SWED ARQ T TWINPLEX v VDEW W WEATHER FAX Z ZVEI VDEW ZVEI 1 ZVEI 2 T ID TP Lt On AL ENU ANALYSIS HF PAGE 1 ENU ANALYSIS VHF PAGE 1 ENU SIGNAL ANALYSIS HF PAGE 2 ENU SIGNAL ANALYSIS VHF UHF PAGE 2 FSK ANALYSIS HF PAGE 2 SIGNAL TWINPLEX PAGE 3 DIRECT FSK ANALYSIS VHF UHF PAGE 4 INDIRECT FSK ANALYSIS VHF UHF PAGE 6 PSK SYMBOL RATE MEASUREMENT AND PSK PHASE PLANE PAGE 8 HF CODE ANALYSIS PAGE 12 DIRECT CODE ANALYSIS VHF UHF PAGE 15 INDIRECT CODE ANALYSIS VHF UHF PAGE 18 VHF UHF SELCAL ANALYSIS PAGE 20 HF MFSK ANALYSIS PAGE 22 REAL TIME FFT PAGE 24 REAL TIME WATERFALL PAGE 27 CONTENTS PAGE 3 REAL TIME SONAGRAM PAGE 28 REAL TIME OSCILLOSCOPE PAGE 29 AUTOCORRELATION PAGE 31 HF BIT ANALYSIS PAGE 34 BIT LENGTH ANALYSIS HF PAGE 39 RAW V1 DATA ANALYSIS
32. a multitasking kernel and can erating mode SCREEN DISPLAY MAIN MENU UHF UHF Dir VHF UHF Ind Satellite Modes Setup Functions FFSK D Shift 10BBBHZz Intern Trans Frq 455000 Hz 4SSKHZ The descriptions of the operat Future extensions and updates ing modes which follow are ar can thus be incorporated more ranged in alphabetical order easily OPERATING MODES PAGE 3 Ay CE SS Frequency range Frequency Europe USA Japan quency Center fr Shift Baudrate Systems Modulation Receiver setting Signal source VHF UHF Modes 31 725 131 525 131 825 MH 131 550 130 025 129 125 131 475 MHz 131 450 MHz 1800 Hz 1200 Hz 2400 Bit s Packet oriented ARQ CSMA CD INDIRECT AM AM 12 0 KHz narrow AF only Aircraft Communications Address directional 108 136 MHz antenna ing and Reporting System ACARS a VHF AM receiver scanner is a carrier sensing multiple with 13 kH channel bandwidth access packet radio system for and a corresponding AF output is aircraft communications ACARS necessarv As the ACARS packets operates in the VHF band mainly are very short turn the squelch around 130 MHz using 2400 bps of the receiver OFF NRZI coded coherent audio fre quency MSK Minimum Shift Keying To start monitoring ACARS se a particular form of FSK on lect
33. and SSI respectively abbreviations in parenthesis are displayed by the W4100DSP SYSTEM INFORMATION OF THE STATUS LINE ST Country code CC Operator Code OC PA code PA ETI ETI of transmitting of the network paging area code external traffic network 7 bits operator 3 bits 6 bits indicator 1 bit BAI BAI FSI FSI Cycle CN SSN SSN BATCH BN border area frequency subset cycle number subsequence batch number indicator 1 bit indicator 5 bits 6 bits number 3 bits 4 bits Depending of the value of the SSIT flag the Supplementary Sys tem Information SSI carries information on zone local time and date Another option dis plays day of week month of year and year The contents of SSI status line is automatically changed depending on the actual transmission SYSTEM INFORMATION OF THE STATUS LINE SST Supplementary field SSIT 0000 Zone Zone Hour Hour Date Date zone number local hour local date 3 bits 5 bits 5 bits Supplementary field SSIT 0001 Day Day Month Month Year Year Day 1 shall be Month 1 shall be Year zero shall monday 3 bits January 4 bits 1990 7 bits length MESSAGE FRAME ERMES transmits frames in fixed bits A data of 36 OPERATING MODES PAGE 36 DATA IF IEMZT TT frame mav car
34. bet a national alphabet and transfers compressed and en D ba ULG ASCII is not implemented as EMOTE COMMAND JI OPERATING MODES PAGE 20 Cr ss i sb Frequency range HF MODES Svstem DUPLEX Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF CIS ll OPERATING MENU CIS11 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var 3 HIFFCYR Force LIRS AGS CIS 11 operates at a speed of bits are arranged in reverse or 100 Baud on the radio link der compared to normal M2 svs tems Bits 6 and 7 specify the Synchronisation for the CIS 11 system state as well as the al operating mode is started with phabet the selection of a baud rate An TAUTOT start causes the auto Bits 8 11 handle error detec matic determination of the fre tion The four test bits allow quency shift and baud rate to be the position of a bit in error executed first The signal po to be computed and then to be larity USB or LSB sidebands is corrected The value of the par automatically detected ity bits is obtained by calcu lating the modulo 2 sum of the CIS 11 transmissions are mainly binary weights of the respectiv in the Russian M2 3 SHIFT CYR information bits adaptation of the ITA 2 alpha bet It is
35. tected Either bits are added to existing source code or the source alphabet is converted into a completely new alphabet before channel transmission In addition certain procedures protocols are used for the ex change of information Depending on the nature of the radio link one wav simplex or duplex channel codes and pro tocols have been devised to de tect or correct transmission er rors or to both detect and cor rect errors ARQ is a technique in which the Information Sending Station ISS transmits information in such a way that the Information Receiving Station IRS is able to detect a transmission error and then ask for repetition of the character or block of char acters in error This technique is used in simplex and duplex channels One code in international use for ARQ is the balanced ITA 3 code consisting of seven bits with a constant mark space ratio of 3 4 A ratio different from 3 4 in a received codeword will be an error and a RQ Request for Repetition is released This code has no correcting ca pability Another ARQ code is the ARQ 1A parity code The codewords of this code also consist of seven bits 6 data and 1 parity bit he parity bit is set to 1 or 0 INTRODUCTION PAGE 24 codewords are spread in time In this way burst errors will only influence a few bits of each epending on the number of logi al l s in the six d
36. DIG 3791 PCM 0 Fi 16000 440000 10685000 21385000 16000 1500000 470000 10715000 21415000 O 100 65 to 10 18 06 96 11209700 ON OFF xx is the units address from 00 99 xx is the units from 00 99 Centronics printer interface only request REMOTE address CONTROL Serial RS232 no translation possible no translation possible active active active active active input AF input HF input 455KHz input 10 7MHz input 21 4MHz valid for the active input only request day month year hours minutes Timestamp from RTC on off seconds ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 53 REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUES REMARKS VIDEO ON Screen display on off OFF SI ON multiple line feed on off OFF ECC ON error correction on off OFF TRIGGER INTERN V1 V2 Data input EXTERN STROBE LTRS FIGS NORMAL BU ZI Mode LTRS ONLY FIGS ONLV UOS COMIBAUD 300 SERIAL 1 Baudrate 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 COM1LENGTH 7 SERIAL 1 Character length 8 COMIPARITV NO SERIAL 1 Parity ODD EVEN COM1STOP 1 SERIAL 1 Stopp bits VERSION2 VERSION 2 0 00 only request Software version SHORT COMMANDS The first two character of the re commands special sequences were im mote control commands are also plemented valid as short commands For some
37. DUP FEC 2 LANGUAGE S C BAUDRATE D HIFT EMODULATOR AUDRATE EMODULATOR ENTER ONE DURATION ms EMODULATOR ENTER E DURATION ms EMODULATOR ODE ODE BANDWIDTH TER PEED bpm O U ta e U tA AUDRATE EMODULATOR e U ta AUDRATE EMODULATOR CIS 11 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRANSPARENT TASS CYRILLIC ITA 2 CYRILLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 CIS 14 CIS 14 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE COQUELET 8 600 3500 37 9 TS DSP MFSK COQUELET 13 600 3500 75 0 DSP MFSK DIMF CW MORSE CW MORSE AUTO 50 1200 800 2000 20 400 only SPEED UP ARQ P ARQ AUTO 3500 0 3500 0 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE NOR INV DUP ARQ 2 DUP ARQ 2 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE D D 5 6 3 gt IE an E a G 2 DUP FEC 2 DUP FEC 2 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 58 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE Hy POLARITY LANGUAG ti MODE MODE MODE ALL DATA ARK SPACI OR INV US ASCII TRANSPARENT SWEDISH DANISH ti
38. Each received Golay word Sic address format of the Golay Sequential Code GSC It is constructed from two code words which are derived using the Go lay 23 12 algorithm The bit rate for each code word is 300 can contain up to three errors before integrity is compromised The GSC is asynchronously de coded To separate adjacent add resses a separator word comma is transmitted at a rate of 600 bit s The message format is based on eight 15 7 BCH code words that are grouped together to have ex actly the same length as an ad dress Messages and addresses are thus easily interleaved Each message block may contain up to 12 numeric or 8 alphanu meric characters Messages which are longer than a single block OPERATING MODES PAGE 43 de im er mav be transmitted using anv sired sequence of blocks By plementing block coding two rors may be corrected in the 15 7 BCH codeword The bits within a block ar interleaved during transmission which allows the correction of a burst errors affecting up to 16 bits which is equivalent to a fading pro tection of 27 ms GOLAY DATA BLOCK WITH EIGHT ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTERS PARITY DATA 15 14 13 12 1110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 0 0111 1 1 A1 1 bit 2 B 2 22216212 3 4445365333 4 55554454 5 616 61616 1515 6 AI ZIZ 21 20 7 C888 88 8 8 ISIS
39. PAGE 44 CODE STATISTIC HF CODE STATISTIC MENU Code Qatistik Satist ison Pesetstatistic Show statistic Continue output Pinter is off he Code Analysis display en bles a reliable evaluation of a hether monitored Baudot based ransmission is encrypted or ot A properly encrypted data tream will have an even distri ution of character frequencies and thus no deductions as to the language used can be made Tuna te OH Transmissions in clear will ex hibit an uneven distribution of character frequencies depending on the language used For long texts this frequency distribu tion will approach the specific distribution for the language CODE STATISTIC WITH SCRAMBLED DATA 4 Character Count 5000 8 9 16 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Printer is off Standard Deviation 18 MARK SPACE 1634 Hz Shift BBB Hz Tintern Trans Fra a Hz In the Options menu field the Code Statistic analysis can be activated in some modes Clicking the Statistik is off menu field the code statistic is started but the text output is not interrupted A background counter is main tained for each of the 32 bit pattern combinations ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 45 Show Sta Bv clicking on the tistik field a bar chart is displaved The bit patterns are listed horizontally and their frequency is displayed verti cally By clicking on the Reset
40. SYNCH and PHASING LEDs indicate that the software is attempting to synchronize to the received signal If the correct synchro nization is achieved the LEDs are turned off and the TRAFFIC IDLE REQUEST or ERROR LEDs will indicate the actual status of the received mode TRAFFIC indicates that the re ceived station is effectively transmitting data be it text or fax IDLE indicates that the W4100DSP software has synchronized to the Signal However no data is transferred which is quite com mon in case of full duplex sta tions To maintain svnchroniza tion full duplex stations trans mit a repeating bit pattern In case of simplex stations an IDLE bit pattern is also inserted TUNING into the bit stream when no data is transferred to maintain the link The REQUEST led indicates that the ARQ station being monitored has received a character in er ror and now requests a repeti tion During the request cycle the characters are repeated and the W4100DSP will stop output Requests will be repeated until the receiving station sees the received character to be error free The ERROR led indicates that the W4100DSP software has detected a data error The ERROR indication has the highest priority of all status messages Status messages for synch phas ing traffic idle RQ and error are displayed in th
41. ZVEI allows for a major reduction in message interchange between mo bile forces and a control centre by digital transmission of ab FMS BOS operates using FSK modulation of similar to the calling system at 1200 bit s 1200 Hz breviated telegrams The con and 1800 Hz tones 12 01 1996 FMS BOS 1200 00 Bd SYNC HAEST 04 03 1994 09 19 52 LS gt FZ BOS K 1 LK c OK 10 FZ 4213 ST 1 ZBV d 04 03 1994 09 19 55 FZ gt LS BOS K 1 LK c OK 10 FZ 4213 ST f ZBV f o DOD o 2 dD seg 5 E E B 3 EB85 E 5 5 E a g z 2 D ka T x x 5 n D n DHL x D 2 PAA jie O 5 D B e 2 amp iv gt o 92 O sS c N Coe a T 5 Eke L D 5 8535 a Dut 9 ja A R FMS BOS Signal Analvsis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud 360 Hz 360 Hz DSP 1500 Hz Shift 600 Hz Intern _ Trans Frq OHzj AF The FMS BOS data telegram always has the same structure and a length of 48 bits regardless of the transmission direction or message contents The actual in formation is contained in 40 bits The BCD code is used to transmit the digits in the tele gram For data protection a 7 bit Abram son code redundancy block is appended to the data block This is followed by a single stop bit which is however not tested The 40 information bits are a
42. first 50 3000 Hz 12 Bit max 2 Vpp Mode 1 23 bit filtered IF I component Mode 2 23 bit filtered IF Q component Mode 3 8 bit signal strength and 15 bit audio Mode 4 15 8 bit signal strength and bit audio APPENDIX PAGE Software HF modes eee eto HTH HH HHH HHH HF OH e atic atic atic atic atic atic atic atic atic utom utom utom utom utom utom utom utom utom v9ooooooa ow integrated error correction integrated error correction demodulator a mode analysis djustment for FSK signals decoding of the detected mode of of of of of detection detection detection detection detection phasing smission modes tran shift baud rate Signal polarity repetition cycle for all F for all and center frequencv EC modes modes using block coding continuous measurement of baud rate and keying speed utom utom OOM utom utom odes autom atic detection of drum atic detection of and PHASE ri atic phasing to all IOC in FAX n a a Z split screen display of sub channel a a m atic phasing on all PRINT SCR Ki nodes function in FAX modes speed in FAX modes Is in TDM modes atic detection of all PACTOR svstems block lengths in SWED ARQ and S I V baud rates in PACTOR and G TOR EN function without loss of
43. 1287 CHz Center evaluation E 1855 CHzJ i A Ta tal MA eee eee 2400 00 Baud Searching for d ACARS ATIS FMS BOS MPT 13277 1343 PACKET 1200 ZVEI VDEH Detected system a ACARS ode Che mann SER M anua 1 B au d rat e Dem odu 1 at or pees TTT TTT mo 1855 Hz Shift 1287Hz L Intern Trans Fra 8 Hz Signal Analysis ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 19 SPECTRUM CORRELATION This method utilizes a direct spectrum comparison between the actual spectrum and a reference spectrum The reference is equal to the sequence of a typical signal Due to the restrictions imposed by the very heavy computational demands a spectrum cannot be compared to all possible spec trums in real time Thus a ref erence must be created from the incoming signal A very hard noise gat determines which spectra belong to the referenc spectrum searching for stable frequencies It is assumed that a valid signal is present when a frequency has a certain dura tion as is the case for FSK Using this method a reference spectrum is solely constructed by averaged valid spectra To construct a useable referenc spectrum approximately 50 valid spectra are required When this is the case direct spectrum com parison is activated and deter mines whether the incoming sig nal is valid or not he nois gat requires some time to work Even when fully functional a 80 100 ms delay is e
44. 3500 ALL ERROR FREE ALIS ALIS AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRANSPARENT TASS CYRILLIC ITA 2 CYRILLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 ARQ E ARQ E AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 55 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE ARQ E3 ARQ N ARQ M2 242 ARQ M2 342 ARQ MA 242 ARQ M4 342 BAUDRATE EMODULATOR D LANGUAGE jeq O U ti zZ O U ti Z O U ti Z Q U ti Z O U ti MODE BAUDRATE AUDRATE EMODULATOR AUDRATE EMODULATOR AUDRATE EMODULATOR HIFT ENTER 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRANSPARENT TASS CYRILLIC ITA 2 CYRILLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 ARQ E3 ARQ E3 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRANSPARENT TASS CYRILLIC ITA 2 CYRILLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 ARQ N ARQ N AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP ARK SPACE FOUR EIGHT ARQ M2 242 ARQ M2 242 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ARQ M2 342 ARQ M2 342 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE RO M4 242 RO M4 242 AUTO 0 3500 00
45. 600 Frequency range HF MODES System STANDARD Baudrate 300 oder 600 Baud SSB or DIRECT FSK CW LSB or USB AF or IF Modulation Receiver setting Signal sources PACKET 300 OPERATION MENU PACKEF300 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 300 Baud 600 Baud SU frames MonitorALL Select Call Femove Call Displav ame PACKET 300 is mainlv used bv ra The Select Call field enables dio amateurs Very seldom 600 the selection of up to 10 re Baud test transmissions may be ceived call signs After select heard On HF SSB modulation LSB ing this field the list may be or USB is standard inspected by moving the track ball ball To select a call sign By selecting either 300 Baud click the left button Call or 600 Baud the Packet Radio signs are stored in a FIFO mode is started The correct First in first out buffer bandwidth must be set up via the The ability to select call signs Demodulator menu as may be re is useful when monitoring high quired activity channels It should be noted that call signs which have The T S U frames function been previously selected do not gives the user the possibility appear in the list to display either all packets or only packets with message con To deselect stations use the tents The f
46. ALPHABETS fo ha ideat es aot Seb Li INSO 4 a e 3 5 T a rE oo ET oo55 0 Glos E vogga Bec D 5 LMOOWLOT XIZZONOLNIDPZEXJNOSJUE ba Oreo000rr00OrrorrroororrrrrOOrrod g OrrrOrrOOrrOrrroOOoOrogooororoororroo zd OOoOrOoOOrOrr Or Orr Orr OoOrOoOrrOoOrroOoo0oO0OroOoOrOO o rOro0ororrrrOOOrrroorrro0o0oorrraoo D g TO rOCOO r COCoor or oro oor r oo e OT TNOTWOMNDOTWNONWOMNWDO A zZ TNOTOON OORT See ere Ee NNNNANANAADNO oO f o c NE iy RS poate oe ao T OQNh Fom Ie MK tel OM TDMO T IDONM INR Okie fer 2 S g 5 o 2 O a D 2 2 2 g cost ke o E 655 ot K D D o c FoF Gof o o reg G o eT o5 00300 6 5 o D ef avteoovo p E qg d ii IMOOWLOT_3YISZOACL HE I gt SXONOSGESSHBGB r SZZXOJIKNBOONO Il EO MWOLJOASx Ja z OCrecc0orrd0OrroOrcggorcoororr rOoOrrroqoogoororoge Lo Om OOOO T E OOO eS Ole OO OD TOO Oi Oro E TOOOCOOror om OOorr Oor o oOor ooror or ooo Is Orr orr DCOr on oo ocor or coror roo j COrreo0000CO0COO rrOoOrroroorrrooorrorror g ooroororrororrorrororrorroooror d zd ini ai si i fe o OOO re aA O O e O f ae too e e sil ae aa E sia W roro0ocoororrrroocoorrroorrroocooorrrod mM rrorrrorrooooreooqoo c oeorcoeorrrorocooooreo d rrorrrooorrooco oocororororrrroorro d g oooorororrorroooorroeoreoroorcqooqoorrorrr COrcd0oOrrrO0OrrrrrOrororoooorraorag00 d 9 OT TNONNWONWMOTWNWOATWMOMDDO A 9 o a OTNO WONWO TNOM WMOMNWVO A TWNONWMOMWA LIE ET NN NN AD M H TNOTWOMNVOAQL NI
47. ARQ 2 operates at a speed of tions 71107 or 11 250 Baud on the radio link A complete transmission cvcle is DUP ARQ 2 has automatic channel 176 bits 704 ms Both stations selection facilities Before alternate in transmitting data transmission starts the best blocks of 64 bits each available short wave transmis sion channel is selected and its The data format is 2 data blocks qualitv is continuouslv checked of 32 bits each The blocks cor for the duration of the trans respond to the DUP ARQ ARTRAC mission Within a given fre system Each of the two blocks quency range the system may se contains a 5 bit checksum lect one of 5 possible channels inverted Hamming for error de which are spaced at 400 Hz in tection and a single bit for the tervals Because of this channel global parity odd parity selection mechanism the stations Three 8 bit characters are A and B may transmit at differ transmitted in the data block ent frequencies Two bits remain unused and are OPERATING MODES PAGE 31 DUP FEC 2 Frequency range HF MODES System FEC Baudrate 125 0 und 250 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF DUP FEC 2 OPERATING MENU DUP FEC 2 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 125 0 Baud 250 0
48. B generates the identification state of the signal and the Signal at the end of each period lower to the Y state of speech transmission In case of lengthy transmissions the The ATIS sequence consists of a ATIS signal is required to be country identifier and a four transmitted at least once every digit call sign e g PE 1234 five minutes for a Dutch vessel or HB 6235 for a Swiss vessel ATIS conforms in certain aspects to the CCITT Recommendation 493 All sequences are transmitted 3 The specifications are di twice DX and RX positions A rected at all river Rhine nauti 10 bit code is used in this syn cal radio installations fixed chronous system Bits 8 9 and as well as mobile stations and 10 are a binary representation has been in use there since 1994 of the number of bits in the B and from 1995 also internation state The error check character allv corresponds to a modulo 2 sum of the corresponding information The ATIS signal sequence is bits ATIS Country identifier Albania O Austria O Belgium L Bulgaria D Germany F France 9 Croatia H Hungary P Netherlands H Liechtenstein L Luxembourg H Poland Y Romania O Slovak Rep H Switzerland O Czech Rep T Turkey E Ukraine U Russia Federation Z Macedonia Y Latvia E Estonia L Lithuania S Slovenia Y Yugoslavia OPERATING MODES PAGE 16 AUTOS PEC
49. Displau Show Length Time per Line Demodulator 86 12 1996 15 27 15 1750 Hz Shift 28GHz Tintern rans Fra a Hz The time duration of a video line and thus the display reso lution is set in the menu field Time per Line The range is 20 000 us 0 02 s to 650 000 us 0 65 s per graphical line and sampling takes place in steps of 10 us One graphical display line corresponds to the preset time Selecting the Start Display and Stop Display controls the effective data sampling By selecting the Show Length menu field a red cursor is dis played Using the trackball the cursor may be freely positioned in all directions The value of the positioned seg ment is continuously displayed ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 43 MI Jr in the time unit baud rate unit Bd with the graphical cursor The graphical representation of VI polarity Mark or Space corresponds to the value of the displaved time and the converted baud rate ms and the Also the correlation can be de termined by using the Raw V1 Data The setting of time unit per line in Time per Line is together with the baud rate the preset values for the correla tion The example shows a correlation of 111 bits The baudrate is 228 66 baud The calculation of the total system cycle length thus is 1 228 66 x 111 0 4854369 s ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
50. Output to serial output 1 is permanently on and is not con trolled by the PRINT ON or PRINT OFF functions The par allel interface may be switched on and off using the PRINT ON and PRINT OFF functions Note that in all fax modes output is NOT sent to the serial interface due to the huge amount of data contained in fax pic tures INSTALLATION PAGE 8 CONNECTION OF A SERIAL PRINTER Printer 25 Pol D SUB RS232 Transmit Data TXD 2 Receveice Data RXD 3 Ground GND 5 Data Terminal Ready DTR 20 W4100DSP 9 Pol D SUB SERIAL RS232 1 2 Receveice Data RXD 3 Transmit Data TXD 5 Ground GND 6 Data Set Ready DSR 8 Clear to Send CTS CONNECTION OF A PC AT PC AT 9 Pol D SUB RS232 Receive Data RXD 2 Transmit Data TXD 3 Ground GND 5 Data Terminal Ready DTR 4 A terminal emulator program loaded in the PC AT must control the transfer of data from the serial interface This program handles transfer of data to the PC and the subsequent storage on a floppy or hard disk After wards the ASCII files may be W4100DSP 9 Pol D SUB RS232 1 2 Receive Data RXD 3 Transmit Data TXD 5 Ground GND 6 Data Set Ready DSR 8 Clear to Send CTS edited using an editor program Many shareware terminal programs are available in the PC market A progr
51. RIGHT cursor kevs these kevs trolled bv a trackball or bv are equivalent to moving the cursor kevs The trackball con trackball in the same direc sists of a moving ball and three tions The ENTER key is keys Moving the ball will take equivalent to the left trackball the operator from one field of key and activates a function If the menu to another field A se the ESCAPE key is pressed the lected field will appear with a function is deactivated this light blue border line Clicking key being equivalent to the the upper left key will activate right trackball key Double a field with a light blue bor clicking th lower left track der clicking the upper right ball kev will displav a full kev will deactivate it screen menu If the operation of the equip TRACKMAN MOUSE A4TECH Select Leave function function Ax Full screen menu with double click INTRODUCTION PAGE 2 USER INTERFACE The screen is sub divided into four sections system window text and graphics window operator window and demodulator window Active mode Baudrate Option field 1 Signal polarity System status Option field2 Data and time indication System window 08 02 2000 14 11 17 Text and graphics field WANE 495 H 495 H z iz Operator windo
52. Recommended Stan the message type a sequence dards for Differential NAVSTAR number the frame length and the GPS Service 2 0 RTCM paper health of the data A data word 134 89 SC104 68 OPERATING MODES PAGE 29 D U P ARC Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 125 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF DUP ARQ OPERATING MENU DURARQ Analvss Auto Demodulator Options 125 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Nor Polarity Force IRSHGS DUP ARQ operates at a speed of available short wave transmis 125 Baud on the radio link Sion channel is selected and its quality is continuously checked DUP ARQ is a semi duplex system for the duration of the trans The radio channel is used by a mission Within a given fre DUP ARQ system in the same way quency range the system may se as a simplex system both sta lect one of 5 possible channels tions alternating in sending which are spaced at 400 Hz in blocks of five characters anda tervals Because of this channel Hamming checksum If a transmis selection mechanism the sta Sion error occurs a repeat re tions A and B may transmit at quest is initiated and the last different frequencies data block is re transmitted The polarity of the bit stream If only one station is sending upper sideband
53. S S BOO BOES EA EO E E E S E 300 250 200 150 100 50 B 50 100 150 206 256 308 a TTTTITITI III ILLI jaw 1140 Hz Shirt 600Hz L Intern Trans Fra 8 Hz Translation Fra INTRODUCTION PAGE 18 TUNING AN ERMES SIGNAL Selecting ERMES with High Precision Mode Center frequency 1700 Hz 6000Hz 6000Hz FFSK Schift 10000Hz Intern Trans Frq 21400000 Hz 21 4MHz The Europe wide ERMES paging the two IDLE state indications system is one of the very few are shifted four steps to the modes in which the IDLE state night dark fields Only when no information is not symmet information is transmitted rical to centre frequency There TRAFFIC stak may the two light fore the VHF UHF receiver must fields be observed be adjusted in such a way that INTRODUCTION PAGE 19 FUNDAMENTALS OF TELETYPE TRANSMISSIONS A basic understanding of how represented by an infinite con digital information is trans tinuum of states For example ferred by land line or radio live music is analogue informa links is necessary to fully ex tion whereas the same music re ploit the many features of the corded on a CD has been trans W4100DSP It is assumed that the formed into digital information user is familiar with the gen imprinted in the surface of the eral
54. SS S SS CRS sum Extension bit This illustration shows a block blocks that consists of 18 of eight alphanumeric characters repetitions of a single Golay of 6 bits each The high fading codeword In this way all re protection is achieved by trans ceivers in a system are grouped mitting columns rather than rows in 10 header block groups and interleaving In this way a each receiver only has to decode burst error affecting 16 bits the stack that is preceded by does not cause a character er ror In addition each block con tains a checksum computed by bi nary addition of the information bits of the other 7 words adding to the error detection capabil ity of the system In high capacity systems the GSC makes use of grouping For this purpose 16 calls are stacked to gether Each stack is preceded by one of 10 copy information its particular header block GOLAY also has a facility for optimising voice calls A spe cial audio control code is used to separate voice messages GOLAY uses direct frequency modulation Proper decoding is only possible from the receiver IF output 455 kHz 10 7 MHz or 21 4 MHz OPERATING MODES PAGE 44 cC ore Frequency range HF MODES System SIMPLEX Baudrate 100 0 Modulation SSB or DI Receiver setting Signal sources AF or IF 200 0 and 300 0 R Baud ECT FSK CW LSB or USB G TOR OPERATING MENU
55. TRANSLATION frequency is the sum of the selected cen ter frequency and the transla tion frequency If the input from the receiver is within the setting is equal to the effec tive center frequency The Center Frq menu field is not displayed in these modes TRANSLAT IT ON IFTIRQ Adjusting the translation fre quency and the centre frequency will adapt the W4100DSP input frequency to the frequency of a receiver IF output he minimum translation fre uencv resolution available with he W4100DSP is 1 Hz Th ffec Selection of one of the three fixed frequencv IF inputs will also automaticallv set the translation frequency to the corresponding value and display BE To use the translation frequencv ive centre frequency is the sum f the translation frequencv and he centre frequencv The func ion is similar to the mixing of he signal frequencv and BFO of receiver vt ttotta H An exception is the FFSK demodu lator for direct frequency modu lation In this case the indi cated translation frequency is equal to th ffectiv centr frequency V1 V2 IS INTERN V1 V2 IS Clicking this toggle field the digital bit stream may be switched from the internal de modulators to an external de modulator The external source on the EXTERN DEMODULATOR in put must be at least at TTL level maximum being 4 12 V
56. USB or lower data the other station trans sideband LSB cannot automati mits an IDLE pattern and initi cally be derived from the sig ates RQ cycles in case of trans nal Polarity may be manually missions errors programmed by selecting the Polarity menu field Polarity DUP ARQ has automatic channel switch over do not cause a loss selection facilities Before of signal synchronisation transmission starts the best TRANSMIT 256ms 96ms 256 ms 96ms STATION 5 Characters CRC A RECEIVE TRANSMIT STATION B 5 Characters CRC RECEIVE OPERATING MODES PAGE 30 DUP ARO 2 Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 250 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF DUP ARQ 2 OPERATING MENU DUPARQ 2 Analvsis Auto Demodulator Options 250 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var DUP ARQ 2 is a further develop set to zero ment of the DUP ARQ svstem and the svstem characteristics are Special blocks defining IDLE verv similar DUP ARQ 2 allows INTERRUPT or other special func transmission of ITA 2 Baudot tions are transmitted For these or ITA 5 ASCII characters de blocks the two normallv unused pending on the application bits specifv the particular spe cial functions with the combina DUP
57. analog selective call 5 tones 100 ms CCITT analog selective call 5 tones 100 ms EA analog selective call 5 tones 40 ms EIA analog selective call 5 tones 33 ms RMES Pager Svstem 3125 Bit s svmbol rate 6250 Bit s data rate Tone call HEX and ASCII Status line with svstem information EURO analog selective call 6 tones 100 ms FMS BOS Selective call procedure 1200 Baud BCD Code GOLAY Pager Svstem adaptive 300 600 Bit s ITA 5 with block coding INFOCALL Pager for stock exchange and press 1200 Bit s ITA 5 with block coding MPT1327 1343 Trunked Radio Svstem 1200 Bit s Binarv Hex station displav and ITA 5 NATEL analog selective call 5 tones 70 ms ET 1200 ET 9600 EW tA tA EOSAT EOSAT APPENDIX PAGE 15 Amateur AX 25 Svstem Indirect 1200 600 ITA 5 wit F SK Baud h block coding Amateur AX 25 Svstem Direct FS 9600 480 ITA 5 wit Pager Svs 512 1200 K scrambled 0 2400 Baud h block coding tem 2400 Bit s ITA 5 wit analog se digital s h block coding lective call 5 tones 70 ms elective call 1200 Bit BCD Code analog se analog se S lective call 5 tones 70 ms lective call 5 tones 70 ms SATELLITE SYSTEMS CCITT G 703 2048 KBit s Format HDB3 Satellite weatherfax AM 240 RPM IOC 288 Satellite weatherfax AM 120 RPM IO
58. can handle drifting signals or a rough adjusted center frequency AFC can be enabled in the menu Demodulator The carrier tracking function is activated now The adjusted center fr quency is displayed on the right DBP SK Center 8Hz DOPSK Center 4Hz Hence adjustment of the center frequency must have a certain accuracy The tuning display indicates if POLARITY If a LSB signal is received with USB or vice versa the phase plane is mirrored on the hori zontal axis For a DBPSK signal this has no effect because all the phase states are on the OPERATING MOCES PAGE 73 side of the baudrate field If the deviation between the tracked and the adjusted center frequency is too big the center frequency should be corrected The carrier tracking only works in a range of a DBPSK or a DQPSK signal is be ing received Two bars mean DBPSK four bars DQPSK The de modulator must be adjusted ac cordingly OF PSK 31 horizontal axis itself For DQPSK however this must be con sidered by switching the polar ity This can be done in the main menu by switching Polarity OPERATING MOCES PAGE 74 RUM F EEC Frequency range HF MODES Svstem FEC Baudrate 164 48 or 218 3 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF RUM FEC OPERATION MENU
59. computer based requirements equipment The code consists of a start bit 7 data bits one Asynchronous ASCII is also used parity bit optional and 1 or 2 in certain duplex ARQ systems in stop bits conjunction with CRC calculation The parity bit allows error de tection to be mad The number of 1 s are counted If an odd number is found and parity has been defined as ODD then the parity bit should be 1 other wise an error has occurred If parity has been defined as EVEN for error detection ASCII based transmissions are finding their way into radio data communications because of the compatibility with computer communications thus avoiding time and resource consuming code conversions OPERATING MODES PAGE 15 ay i Frequency range VHF UHF MODES Svstem SELCAL digital Baudrate 1200 bit s Modulation INDIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 12 KHz narrow Signal source AF oniv ATIS OPERATING MENU ATS Analvsis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud ATIS is an abbreviation of transmitted using FSK with space Automatic Transmitter Identifi and mark frequencies of 1300 Hz cation System ATIS is used in and 2100 Hz and a modulation the VHF UHF radio systems on the rate of 1200 Baud The higher Rhine river and automatically frequency corresponds to the
60. contain up to 256 characters in packet radio All characters and character combinations are permitted since transmission is transparent A checksum is sent in the FCS field When the Display Frames mode is active the status field con tains additional connection status information in addition to call signs Frame types are indicated I S or Us Possible S frame status mes sages e g Receiver Ready RR flag 01111110 is sent The ad dress can consist of up to 80 characters but 16 or 24 ad dresses are most common when us ing direct connections or a sin gle repeater The packet protocol distingui shes between three frame types I S and U frames Actual data transfer takes place using the information frame and very seldom the U frame The S and U frames are used for transmission control Receiver Not Ready RNR or Re ject REJ are displayed In the third field the transmit and receive sequence number is displayed This number ranges from r0 to r7 or alternately so to s7 The sequence number indi cates to the opposite station which packets have been received free of errors The large volume of available radio amateur lit erature is recommended for fur ther study of the packet radio system OPERATING MOCES PAGE 59 PACKET 1200 Frequency range VHF UHF MODES Svstem PACKET 1200 Baudrate 1200 Bit s Modulation IND
61. display of more than 20 colour frames per second real time FFT of 4048 pixels and a dynamical range gt 60 dB four adjustable bandwidths from 500 Hz to 24 000 Hz averaging measurement with 64 measurements freely pre selectabl free movable cursors for difference measurements graphical peak hold function four pre selectable window types Real Time Waterfall Signal Analysis graphical display of more than 20 colour frames per second real FFT of 4048 pixels and a dynamical range gt 60 dB four adjustable bandwidths form 500 Hz to 24 000 Hz graphical display with 40 measurements free movable cursors for difference measurements four pre selectable window types Real Time Sonogram Signal Analysis graphical display of more than 20 colour frames per second real FFT of 4048 pixels and a dynamical range gt 60 dB four adjustable bandwidths form 500 Hz to 24 000 Hz graphical display with 40 measurements free movable cursors for difference measurements four pre selectable window types Real Time MFSK Analysis graphical display of the received frequency values acquisition time 1 ms to 15 ms per measured value four adjustable frequency ranges from 300 Hz to 3000 Hz storage of up to 2 750 measurements free movable cursor for frequency and difference measurements continuous indication of cursor X Y positions APPENDIX PAGE 13 IAS Baudrate Variable Baudrat
62. double click on the lower By clicking the left hand button left hand trackball button re the selected mode is then sults in the display of a full started in AUTO mode screen menu This action immedi ately terminates all operating By clicking the right hand modes and input functions which trackball button the entire might have been active By mov screen is cleared and the main ing the trackball any desired menu is displayed function may then b selected FULLSCREEN MENU CW MORSE HC ARG INFOCALL ICAO SELCAL MPT1327 NOAA GEOSAT ACTOR ACKET 3B6 PACKET 1200 PICCOLO MK6 PICCOLO MK12 l PRESS FAX SELCAL ANALOG SI ARO SITOR AUTO SITOR ARG SITOR FEC SPREAD 11 SPREAD 21 SPREAD 51 J SWED ARO TWINPLEX WEATHER FAX 2VET UDEW 1723 Hz Shift 256Hz intern Irans Fra 8 Hz OPERATING MODES PAGE 2 EAA TF EN FE EN O The main menu incorporates all handle more than one task con sub menus relating to operating currently The control of and modes as well as analysis and interaction with the menu system set up functions Menu interac occurs without any interruption tion takes place by turning or of an active function This al moving the trackball and lows for example the shift and clicking on the desired func centr frequency to be set in tion the Demodulator submenu with out interference to or disrup The WAVECOM software is based on tion of the currently active op
63. filters Real Time SELCAL Analvsis graphical displav of the captured frequencv values Acquisition time 1 ms to 15 ms per measured value four adjustable frequencv ranges between 300 Hz 3000 Hz Analysis storage for up to 2750 measurements directly movable movable cursor for frequency and difference measurement continuous indication of all X Y cursor values Autocorrelation Autocorrelation rapid determination of periodicity up to 200 000 bits Accuracy up to 2400 Bit s full screen X Y cursor positioning with trackball X Y zoom to full screen size continuous numeric display of cursor position Bit Length Analysis Bit Length real time sampling of the VI data with 10 us resolution automatic calculation and graphic display of bit length distribution graphic display of bit patterns with programmable resolution graphically adjustable display of bit patterns with points of measurements continuous calculation and display of bit pattern positions two movable cursors with continuous display of difference measurement freely movable cursor with conversion to resultant baud rate Bit Length Analysis Raw V1 Data graphical display of the Vl shift keying with full screen display free adjusting of the time between 0 02 s to 0 65 s per graphic line colour display of signal polarity inversion changing free movable measurement indicator full screen instant output of the time of a polarity
64. high degree of accuracy In addition signal analysis is an excellent tuning aid especially for MFSK and F7B transmissions The user should note that non integral 7 5 bit signals will produce a doubling of the ap parent baudrate caused by the half stop bit The graphic dis play serves to confirm the measured baud rate ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 3 TWINPLEX SIGNAL WITH 200 400 200 Hz SHIFT AND 100 BAUD CORRELATION Baudrate Baud 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 s00 300 1000 OHAVECOM SHIFT DISPLAY Shift 399 Hz M 700 600 500 UBB 300 2BB IBB B 166 200 300 466 500 600 700 5 f F 5 F 5 j Large Shift Wide Shift Normal Shift Narrow Shift High Precision Set ter Hold Cursor on Demodulator 1738 Hz Shift 146 GHz Intern Trans Fra Hz Signal Analvsis is started bv stopped Use the trackball to selecting either the Large move the two cursors The abso SKLEC Wide Shift Normal lute and difference values to Shift or Narrow Shift menu which the cursors point are dis fields Th respectiv shift played ranges are 3500 Hz 1400 Hz 600 Hz and 200 Hz The High Precision mode is used for the exact determination If the shift of a signal is un of shifts A series of measure known analysis may be started ments are averaged and dis using Wide Shift This will played The High Precision ensure that wide shift signals mo
65. in the Demodulator menu field rate of 100 ms and tuning be via the Select Mode option comes quite simple The center frequency should be set to approximately 1700 Hz Decoding of PICCOLO and COQUELET lower settings may lead to systems requires receivers with higher error rates good frequency stability Thus state of art receivers using PLL One manufacturer has doubled the or DDS frequency synthesis are data transfer rate and shortened suited for the reception of the tone duration to 2 x 25 ms these systems This is equivalent to a transfer rate of approximately 150 Baud The software also provides an Baudot with 7 5 data transi AFC automatic frequency con tions The standby tones were trol function Frequency devia also changed but otherwise the tions are continuously monitored systems are identical by the software and automatic correction is introduced The Almost all transmissions in PIC control range is 5 Hz The COLO MK6 and PICCOLO MK12 are AFC function may be enabled or encrypted However some sta disabled using the Demodulator tions transmit meteorological menu field data in clear OPERATING MOCES PAGE 66 Er OCS AC Frequency range VHF UHF MODES Svstem PAGER Baudrate 512 1200 or 2400 Bit s Modulation DIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 15 KHz narrow Signal source IF only POCSAG OPERATION MENU
66. inversion in ms and reversed baudrate APPENDIX PAGE 18 ay ER Ee BS EE LE S ITA 1 5 Bit Alphabet ITA 2 5 Bit Baudot Alphabet ITA 3 7 Bit Alphabet ITA 5 7 Bit ASCII Alphabet SITOR 7 Bit Alphabet ARQIA 7 Bit Alphabet RUM FEC Alphabet 16 Bit Alphabet RUM FEC Alphabet 16 Bit Alphabet HNG FEC Alphabet 15 Bit Alphabet Bauer Alphabet 10 Bit Alphabet Bagdad70 Arabic 5 Bit Alphabet Bagdad80 Arabic 5 Bit Alphabet TASS Cyrillic 5 Bit Alphabet ITA 2 Cyrillic M2 5 Bit Alphabet Third Shift Cyrillic M2 5 Bit Alphabet Third Shift Greek 5 Bit Alphabet Transparent 5 Bit Alphabet Morse Standard Standard Latin Morse with special characters Morse Cyrillic Standard Cyrillic Morse PRINTER DRIVER EPSON 9 pins and compatible matrix printers EPSON 24 pins and compatible matrix printers HP Paintjet HP Thinkjet HP Deskjet 500 HP Deskjet 510 HP Deskjet 500 C HP Deskjet 550 C HP Deskjet 560 C HP Deskjet 600 HP Deskjet 660 C HP Deskjet 850 C HP Laserjet II and compatible laser printers HP Laserjet III and compatible laser printers The colour printers Paintjet Deskjet 500C Deskjet 550C Deskjet 560C Deskjet 660C and Deskjet 850C support the Print Screen function APPENDIX PAGE 19 TELEPRINTER
67. modes It Time Div time and Gain amplitude The horizontal sweep time per screen division may be set in should be noted that both the HF and IF inputs may be used for high resolution displays At 10 7 MHz this equals a device operating at 150 M samples sec OSCILLOSCOPE DISPLAY OF A 1200 BIS S FFSK SIGNAL es TTT TIME PS S Using Gain the gain should be adjusted to 2 3 of the display height In order to achieve a stationary display use Trigger This function will start the display at a defined signal level e g at a sinus zero crossing or a preset level The Trigger Level determines the minimum signal level for display start If the level value is adjusted to e g 50 the display will only be triggered when the signal amplitude reaches 50 of the selected scale If the signal fades below this value the display will not be erased and the noise will not generate a new display The Trigger function is ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 30 only necessary as an exception Trigger Off Trigger are adjustable and Trigger has a standard value Trigger Off will display the input signal without locking to it no trig ger Trigger will start the display 180 degrees later The Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 are used for signal measure ments In the lower dis
68. noted that recep tion in the HF band mav be sub ject to distortions The distri butions for the 0 and 1 val ues should be averaged in such cases ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 41 DISPLAY OF BINARY BIT PATTERN PICCOLO MK6 ursor 2 i JEF MS RANDA e A fi be MS U 1 l 1510 0 20 0 40 0 60 0 80 0 Move Cursor 1 fMove Cursor 2 In the Raw data field of the display a graphic representation of the binary data 0 and I is performed The resolution may be set in the range between 10 us 0 00001 s to 100 000 us 0 1 s via the Raw data Re sol field Practical values are between 1000 us and 10 000 us In general the resolution is governed by the smallest parame ter to be measured In MFSK cases this corresponds to tone changes and with RTTY to data transitions bits Using the menu field Shift Raw Data the binary bit pattern may be moved left or right without break This allows the location of the bit or tone duration which needs to be measured The example shows the lower sec tion of the screen display after selection of the Raw data Cur 100 8 ms 120 0 140 0 160 0 180 6 1138 Hz Shift 14 Hz Intern Trans Frq Hz sor menu field With the fields Move Cursor 1 and Move Cur sor 2 the two cursors may be moved across the bit pattern The individual positions of cur sor 1 and 2 as well as
69. of H svnc and V svnc polaritv is explained IPS and EIZO monitors sted These models or TCO 92 Some PHIL hav been t complv to the MPR radiation standard INSTALLATION PAGE 2 CRACK MAN MOUSE The A4 TrackMan Mouse included in the complete W4100DSP pack age is connected to the rear DB 9 plug marked TRACKMAN The Switch on the right side of the mouse must be set in position 3 e g PC mode or LogiTech data format Position 2 corre sponds to the Microsoft data format This format is not util ized with the W4100DSP The plug is pinned as a stan dard serial RS 232 interface Th desired menu field is se lected bv moving the ball of the trackball the selected field Full screen menu will then appear with a light blue border Pressing the left hand trackball key will activate the selected function This is equal to a keypad ENTER func tion Pressing the right hand trackball key will deactivate the selected function or take you back to the preceding menu Pressing th lower left track ball key twice quickly will pop up a full screen menu A more in depth description of the op eration of the trackball mav be found in the INTRODUCTION sec tion of this manual Select Leave function function As with double click AF IN HF IN Input to the various demodula tors of the W4100DS
70. packet a dgement from the ground station consists of a similar transmis sion of the Downlink Block Iden tifier Acknowledgements are placed in the Technical Acknowledgement field The general response message la bel is _DEL 5fh 7fh Mes sages with this label contain no information except acknowledge ments and are used for link maintenance The traffic exchanged can be re quests for voice communication weather reports access to air line computer systems reading of aircraft automatic sensors flight plans messages to be routed to destinations in the international airline data net work in fact much traffic pre viously carried by voice has been transferred to ACARS The text field of the ACARS packet is used for messages with a fixed format free text or a mixture of formatted and free text Standard 7 bit ASCII is used bit 8 is an odd parity bit and LSB bit 1 is transmitted Farsi OPERATING MODES PAGE 5 DOWNLINK MESSAGE EXAMPLE MSN 0635 FID SR6767 8 06 11 1996 18 43 32 M 06 ADDR HB INR TA Q ML 00 B 6 Bold typeface indicates W4100DSP generated characters 8 W41PC generated message number 06 11 1996 18 43 32 W4100DSP generated timestamp optional M Mode Category A A Category B Oe s29 ADDR Aircraft address aircraft registration or flight identifie
71. prevent the display being flooded by these messages which are the most numerous in the system In a separate part of the screen the two latest AHL messages will be displayed in yellow and smaller typeface If you select Mobile stations all messages in the control channel will be displaved and the messages which are identi cal but have different labels depending on their origin from TSC or mobile will be labelled with their mobile label Error correction may be enabled or disabled by toggling the ECC menu item A PC generated timestamp may b OPERATING MOCES PAGE 54 stamp function Error correction may be enabled or disabled by toggling the ECC menu item A PC generated timestamp may be inserted ahead of the decoded inserted ahead of the decoded message Go to OPTIONS and us ing the mous nable the tim Here are a few examples of the most frequent MPT messages moni tored on the Forward Control Channel transmitted by the TSC messag Go to OPTIONS and us ing the mous nable the tim stamp function The most common message is ALH a general invitation to transmit any single codeword message ALH P 42 11 5461 CH 3 WT 6 M 0 N 4 Invitation to all mobile units radio population is enabled belonging to group 42 5461 M 0 and the next frame con P 42 11 5461 to transmit The message is sent on control chan n
72. sufficient to recognize a mode as valid ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 16 VIDEO DISPLAY OF THE DIRECT CODE ANALYSIS OPERATING MENU Shift evaluation 4 9220 Hz JARENE 1200 00 Baud chi ng for d ERMES GOLAY INFOCALL PACKET 3600 POCSAG Detected system d POCSAG Signal Analysis to Mode Manual Baudrate Demodulator FFSK Shift 922GHz Intern Trans Frq 455000 Hz 455KHZ SPECTRUM CORRELATION This method utilizes a direct frequency has a certain dura spectrum comparison between the tion as is the case for FSK actual spectrum and a reference Using this method a reference spectrum The reference is equal spectrum is solely constructed to the sequence of a typical by averaged valid spectra signal To construct a useable referenc Due to the restrictions imposed spectrum approximately 50 valid by the very heavy computational spectra are required When this demands a spectrum cannot be is the case direct spectrum com compared to all possible spec parison is activated and deter trums in real time Thus a ref mines whether the incoming sig erence must be created from the nal is valid or not The data to incoming signal A very hard be compared ar averaged once noise gat determines which again and a small hysteric is spectra belong to the referenc added The resulting flag has spectrum searching for stable direct influence on the fre frequencies It is
73. the difference between the two cur sors is displayed continuously in ms A direct conversion to baudrate is therefore possible When measuring binary 0 or 1 mark space it should be noted that the two states mav be sub ject to severe distortions de pending on the quality of the received signal Using the aver age over a number of measure ments improves the accuracy of results Some transmission types are also known where mark or space may be modulated in terms of bit length ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 42 RAW V1 DATA ANALYSIS HF RAW V1 DATA OPERATION MENU Raw V1 Data 9g nal Analysis Sart Display Sop Display Demodulator Time perLine Jow Length The Raw V1 Data and Bit purely sampled and displayed Length analysis tools serve the with respect to time Thus pulse measurement of bit length The and tone duration lengths as Bit Length analysis relies on well as bit bias may be meas a statistical evaluation of many ured The Raw V1l Data analysis individual measurements whereas also allows the accurate deter the Raw V1l Data function dis mination of baud rates in the plays the V1 data graphically case of asynchronous systems The data of the Raw V1 Data is with bit errors and propagation dependent distortions RAW V1 DATA WITH 228 66 BAUD AND 111 BIT CORRELATION 485507 00 Microseconds Time per Line Stop
74. the demodulator The DSP demodulator has a good signal to noise ratio and vields verv good results under most conditions MARK SPACE The mark spac demodulator processes the two keving frequencies Thes ar fed to two phase linear FIR filters and the amplitude is then calculated The mark space demodulator exhibits an extremelv good noise distan and should be used for all FSK modes utilizing a speed of less than 300 Baud Basicallv this demodulator utilizes the I Q principle Hilbert However filters are adjusted to accomodate the special demands in these modes MFSK This demodulator handles multifrequencv signals Filters are switched in on the various frequencies of the signal and the amplitude is then calculated for each frequencv Next the amplitudes are evaluated Simultaneous tones mav also be demodulated Depending on the number of tones used the filters are configured as phase linear FIR filters or as IIR filters The SNR is the same as for the mark space demodulator CW MORSE The CW demodulator utilizes a steep FIR filter and automatic amplitude control The AGC attack time may adjusted according to conditions The filter respons may be set to Slow Normal or Fast This demodulator produces high quality CW decoding It is important to select the appropriat receiver AGC response Normal or Slow
75. transmission dard combinations are available channels VI and V2 are obtained in the Fixed Shift menu 100 through a combination of the 100 100 Hz 200 400 200 Hz 170 modulation frequencies 170 170 Hz 115 170 115 Hz 200 200 200 Hz 115 170 515 Hz and SITOR TWINPLEX systems employ 65 170 65 Hz In addition any the second channel to double th desired combination may be pro data transmission rate from the grammed using the Var Shift equivalent of 50 Baud to 100 menu Baud The VI And V2 channels each contain 3 telegraph charac In addition to shift variations ters from the SITOR alphabet Twinplex systems may utilise very different keying assign TWINPLEX F7B PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION p Shift 115 Hz bati Shift 170 Hz Shift 115 Hz p Frequency f1 Frequency f2 Center Frequency f3 Frequency f4 1500 Hz 1615 Hz 1700 Hz 1785 Hz 1900 Hz Y ja Y VI Channel Y Y B B B B lt A Ww Y B V2 Channel Y B Y B ments On the VI and V2 channel the software allows the selec tion of V V B B V B V B B Y Y B B Y B Y Y B B Y settings via the X B VI Channel menu field In the X B V2 Channel menu field one of four combinations is selectable GRAPHIC DISPLAV IN THE ied iE OPERATI
76. transmissions appear equal any sub channels 1 to 31 to the signals on an analogue line OPERATING MOCES PAGE 64 PICCOLO MK6 and PICCOLO MK12 Frequency range HF MODES Svstem MF SK Tone duration 50 ms or 25 ms Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF PICCOLO MK6 OPERATION MENU PICCOLO MK6 Analvsis Demodulator Options Tone 50ms Tone 25ms Force LIRS FGS Pint Peselection N TI 2 PICCOLO MK6 and PICCOLO MK12 are MFSK multi frequency shift key ing systems The earlier PIC COLO MK1 MK2 and MK3 used 34 or 40 tones each tone representing one character of the ITA 2 or ITA 5 alphabet respectively The tone duration was 100 ms and the tone spacing 10 Hz Recent systems operate with two sequential tones The combina tion of the two tones defines the transmitted character An increase in the signal to noise ratio is achieved by this method PICCOLO MK6 is based on the ITA 2 Baudot alphabet 6 tones which results in a total of 36 combi nations The tone duration is 2 x 50 ms for one character which corresponds to 75 Baud Baudot with 7 5 code words PICCOLO MK12 characters To transfer 7 bit ASCII characters twelve tones are required This produces 144 combinations of which 128 are used The transmission speed is ITA 5 transmits equiv
77. use an extended 4 PAM FM modu taken from the receiver AF out lation Gaussian scheme At put A detailed description of present phase modulation is an the carrier modulation methods exception in the VHF UHF bands may be found on the end of this chapter INTRODUCTION PAGE 30 VHF UHF INDIRECT MODES VHV UHF INDIRECT MODES MENU VHF UHF INDIR Analysis ACALanalog PACKEF 1200 MPF1327 ACARS ATS FMSBOS ZVE VDAWV GMDSSDSC VHF Contrary to what is the case on mode the data blocks are short wave many different types repeated until the reciever of transmissions may be acknowledges error free encountered in the VHF UHF reception bands Pure data transmission svstems as known from the HF The analog selective call bands are quite rare with systems ATIS and GMDSS DSC are satellite transmissions as an one way systems without an exception acknowledgement if this is not explicitly requested A more Compared to the baudrates used detailed description of the on the HF bands the rates on various systems may be found in the VHF UHF bands are high the MODES section of this Most indirect modes uses manual 1200bps and ACARS 2400 bps All indirect modes subcarrier The most common modulation modulation are compatible methods used on VHF UHF are with commonly found voice 2FSK FFSK 4FSK and GFSK FFSK equipment The digital is a
78. working of telecommunica disc Digital information or tion systems in particular ra data is not only text it is dio systems also speech music or images By digital information we mean A land line shortwave link information which is represented satellite link or anv other wav bv discrete states of the trans of connecting two points for mission medium In contrast to communications is called a chan this analogue information is nel BITS CODEWORDS and CODES The basic building block of data made between source coding and telegraph signalling is the which is the coding used to com bit a word derived from municate between a data source binary digit so called be or sink a teleprinter a PC cause it can assume only one of and data communication equip two states Current logical ment e g a modem or a decoder l Mark or low frequency and channel coding which is the positive voltage or No Cur coding used on the channel be rent logical 0 Space or tween the transmitting and re high frequency negative or zero ceiving data communication voltage equipment Sometimes the source code is also used as the channel On the channel one or more bits code may be represented by a signal ling unit called a Baud Bd The Morse code is an unequal length code Codewords are com Bits are assembled into patterns posed of dots the smallest or codew
79. 0 Baudrate Shift Shift Twinplex VI Twinplex V2 Mode Analvsis dir Data ON Mode CODECHECK HF AUTO Data ON 455KHZ gt 455KHZ gt gt 455000 gt gt BAGDAD 80 TWINPLEX gt gt 100 00 gt 200 400 200 gt 200 400 200 gt Y Y B B gt B Y B Y gt gt gt SHIFT 8950 to the active input Gain always refers to the active input active input to the active input 00 means 2000 Mode active Shift Combination VI Channel Combination V2 Channel VHF UHF direct FSK BAUDRATE 1199 5 gt SHIFT 102 gt gt gt SHIFT 452 CENTER 1705 BAUDRATE 99 8 MOD ti SITOR ARQ CODECHECK FINISH no baudrate measurable Result code ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 52 GLOBAL REMOTE COMMANDS The following commands are global request able R Presupposition is EMOTE CONTROL set active The global valid commands are not mentioned in the command list of the modes control or that any HF or VHF UHF mode is REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUES REMARKS REMOTEXxX PORTXX PRINT STATUS DATA SIGNAL SOURC CJ TRANSLATION GAIN DATE IM E TIMESTAMP NDEF HASING RAFFIC DLE RQ ERROR U A SYNC P T I ON OFF AF HF 455KHZ 10 7MHZ 21 4MHZ
80. 0 832 5 770 697 697 1336 3 550 764 4 852 770 697 1477 4 675 707 4 941 852 770 1209 5 825 652 0 1209 941 770 1336 6 1010 601 0 1335 1040 770 1477 7 1240 554 0 1477 1209 852 1209 8 1520 510 1633 1336 852 1336 9 1860 470 8 1800 1477 852 1477 A 2000 433 9 1900 1633 697 1633 B 2100 400 0 2000 600 770 1633 C 2200 368 7 2100 1995 852 1633 E 2300 115341 2200 2205 941 1633 E 2400 1062 9 2300 1805 941 1209 F 33 9109 941 1477 TONE DURA 100 ms 100 ms 100 ms 70 ms 70 ms TION OPERATING MOCES PAGE 77 CTCSS SELECTIVCALL SYSTEM The CLICSS selective calling groups of users A CTCSS con system is defined according to trolled receiver only switches EIA standard RS 220 and oper on in case a carrier modu ates in the sub audio range lated with the pre programmed Applying this Continuous Tone CTCSS tone is received For Controlled Squelch System a lot this system 63 tones ar d of users on the same receiving fined frequency can select single or TONE ALLOCATION OF CTCSS SELECTIVCALL SYSTEM OF IEC489 Tone no Frequency Tone no Frequency Tone no Frequency Hz Hz Hz 1 67 0 22 114 6 43 162 2 2 TL a9 23 14 8 44 163 1 3 74 4 24 UI el 45 167 9 4 77 0 25 18 8 46 169 0 5 POST 26 120 9 47 173 8 6 81 0 27 123 0 48 176 9 7 825 5 28 124 3 49 179 9 8 85 4 29 127 3 50 186 2 9 88 5 30 12753 51 188 0 10 90 0 34 1312 52 19250 LL 91 5 32 131 8 53 1
81. 0 Baud on the radio re transmission of the last 3 or link 7 characters preceded by the RQ request control character These operating modes also known as TDM or ARQ 28 conform According to the CCITT recommen to the CCIR recommendations 342 dation the repetition cycle may 2 and 242 Two 50 Baud Baudot span 4 or 8 characters as is channels are interleaved to form the case with ARQ E The longer a time multiplexed aggregate bit RQ cvcle of 8 characters has stream Multiplex frames of 28 never been monitored and 56 bits are used In addition to the time multi The ITA 3 7 bit alphabet is used plexing of several channels which allows error detection division channels each divi The ITA 3 is a balanced code in sion channel may be further sub which each character has a mark divided into sub channels re space bit ratio of 3 4 ARQ M2 sulting in a multitude of possi 342 and ARQ M2 242 are full du ble modes of operation At pre plex systems sent however no transmissions with sub channel division are Full duplex systems send a re known Systems employing sub peat request RQ character to the remote station if a charac ter error has been detected or channel division may be recog nised by the rhythmic blinking of the ERROR LED OPERATING MODES PAGE 12 ARQ MA 342 AND ARQ M4 242 Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 192 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting C
82. 0 Hz 4SSKHZ REAL TIME A second widespread method for FFT display is the SONAGRAM which also displays the fre quency amplitude and time do main parameters of the signal A sonogram is a graphical display of an acoustical structure In the sonogram the signal ampli tude is displayed in colour coded 4 0 db steps ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 28 SONAGRAM This amplitude related spectrum analvsis offers manv hints to the distribution of a signal spectrum The sonogram analvsis is started by clicking on the Sonogram menu field while the real tim FFT is active The operation is identical to the waterfall analvsis SONOGRAM OF A FDM TRANSMISSION ON HF SE ee Sa te ok ae 2668 Hz Trane Taboos 1371271396 13 47 23 Ba B 4 il 5 B 2 E ic fil 20 E 24 Bl 25 il 52 fil 36 40 l uu E 4s E 52 il 56 E O 60 3000 Hz yaaa Hz FFT MODE 1703 Hz f Intern Trans Frq 453300 Hz ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 29 REAL TIME OSCILLOSCOPE OSCILLOSCOPE MENU Oscilloscope Time Div Gain Trigger Level Trigger Cursor 1 Cursor 2 Cursor 1 2 Demodulator Oscillosc Off Sngle Shot The Oscilloscope functions are Time Div from 200 us div to similar to the ones found in a 100 ms div The fastest line ordinary digital oscilloscopes sweep thus is 1 6 ms which is The more important functions are sufficient for all
83. 0 Hz AF Most radio data modes employ FSK SPACE are keyed The two tones modulation Frequency Shift Kev should be symmetrically tuned ing In this modulation type relative to centre of the tuning two frequencies called MARK and TUNING A TWINPLEX F7B indicator SIGNAL Tuning with DSP demodulator Shift 115 170 115 Hz Center frequency 1700 Hz 240 Hz 240 Hz DSP 1700 Hz Shift 400 Hz Intern Trans Frq OHz AF In Twinplex mode four frequen cies are keved to increase the data transfer rat Thes Er quencies may be asymmetrically grouped e g 115 170 515 Hz In the Twinplex menu an option gives the operator a choice of six pre selected shifts in the menu item Fixed shifts The tuning of twinplex transmis sions must always be done in such a way that the two INNER frequencies are symmetrical relative to the tuning indicator centre INTRODUCTION PAGE 16 TUNING A CW MORSE SIGNAL Automatically pre selection CW MORSE demodulator Bandwidth 200 Hz Center frequency 800 Hz 400 Hz 400 Hz CW Morse 800 Hz BW 800 Hz Intern Trans Frq 0 Hz AF The transmission of Morse is of ten done by simply keying the carrier on and off This modula tion is output by the receiver as a tone
84. 00 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 and 19200 Baud Data length 7 bits 8 bits Parity bit No parity even parity odd parity Stop bit 1 stop bit 2 stop bits The REMOTE INTERFACE can only be used up to 9600 Baud The settings of the serial in terface must always match the configuration of the controlling computer e g PC with terminal programme The Test Ser Ports function is required for testing the se rial interfaces normallv done bv the manufacturer This requires a 9 pin D SUB connector where PIN 2 TxD is connected to PIN 3 RxD PIN 4 DTR to PIN 6 DSR and PIN 7 RTS to PIN 8 CTS The software tests all connections after activation of this function and reports the results in the lower half of the screen display In the Global Settings menu the globally valid defaults for Preload Center Frequency Timestamp and Trackball Type may be set ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 47 Th centr frequency value in Pre load Centre Frequency field is the pre set value for the AUTO MODE of a short wave mode With the active function Timestamp date and time are shown before each data block in all VHF UHF modes The data are read from the internal W4100DSP clock real time clock With the pre setting Print Screen BMP Remote the Print Screen function outputs a BMP bit map file to the RE MOTE CONTROL Serial 2 inter face The ou
85. 2400 00 Baud As only one AM to make use of standard air speed is used presently the craft AM communications equip ACARS menu does not offer the ment option of manually selecting a speed To receive ACARS an omni Pre code 16 characters binary 1 Bit synch 2 Charackers ntm sy a i Characters synch 2 characters SYN SYN 16h Start of Heading 1 character SOH O1h Mode 1 character Address 7 characters Technical Acknowledgement 1 character Label 2 characters Block Identifier 1 character Start of Text 1 character STX 02h when no text ETX 03h Text 220 characters maximum Only printable characters Suffix character If single or terminal block ETX otherwise ETB 17h Block Check Sequenc 16 bits CRC sum BCS Suffix character DEL 7fh Messages may be single or multi block The pre key sequence and the BCS have no parity bits ACARS communications are divided in Category A and Category B Using Category A an aircraft may broadcast its messages to all ground stations This is denoted by an ASCII W2 in the Mode field of the downlink message The WAVECOM software translates this character to A Using Category B an aircraft transmits its message to a sin gle ground station This is de noted by an ASCII character in OPERATING MODES PAGE 4 number of times until a positive acknowledgement is received and the message can be deleted from storage or th
86. 3500 0 0 1200 0 ep tg ARK SPACE RQ M4 342 RQ M4 342 AUTO 0 3500 00 3500 0 0 1200 0 WAU PP RFVWA UP PB ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 56 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE ARQ6 90 ARQ6 98 ASCII ATIS AUTOSPEC BAUDOT CCIR CCITT CTCSS CIS 11 U EMODULATOR EMODULATOR Z O U ti EMODULATOR Z O U ti S c BAUDRATE DEMODULATOR zZ O U ti MODE MODE MODE MODE DSP MARK SPACE ARQ6 90 ARQ6 90 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ARQ6 98 ARQ6 98 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ASCII ASCII AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE US ASCII GERMAN TRANSPARENT ATIS 50 3500 600 3500 UTOSPEC OSPEC AUTO 3500 0 3500 0 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE A A b 6 3 JOE BAUDOT BAUDOT AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRANSPARENT TASS CYRILLIC ITA 2 CYRRILLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 ITA 1 ITA 2 BULGARIAN CCIR CCITT CTCSS CIS 11 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 57 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE CIS 14 COQUELET 8 COQUELE DIMF CW MORSE DUP ARQ DUP ARQ 2
87. 500 288 392 576 60 90 120 180 240 ZVEI VDEW 50 3500 600 3500 ZVEI 1 ZVEI 2 only synchronisation ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 63 LOADING OF THE WALOODSP SOFTWARE VIA REMOTE CONTROL The new W4100DSP BOOT Software v4 2 enables software download via the serial REMOTE CONTROL interface Serial 2 Thus the W4100DSP can be centrally con trolled or decent rally con trolled from a host computer which may download the latest software version without inter rupting normal operation For interested users a complete WINDOWS95 application as well as source code for the driver are available Loading of the com pressed software takes place at a speed of 9600 bit s The checksum of the compressed data offers a very high security against transmission errors Er ror messages will alert the host operator to transmission errors and may be retransmitted as re quired Approximately nine min utes are required for a complete download and unpacking of the software loader gz slave gz Master gz applik gz W4100DSP Program files BOOT V4 2 DSP loader File in GZ format DSP slave programme in GZ format DSP master programme in GZ format TMS34010 programme file in GZ format SOFTWARE DOWNLOAD IN WINDOWS95 ptwwork Waiting for 4100 Ready Communication with W 4100DSP established SICOM2 loader qz
88. 600 Baud Simplex ARQ System 200 adaptiv 100 ITA 2 with Satellite Modes 2 048 Mbit s Baud Block Coding with block coding ITA 5 with block coding MFSK Svstem svnchronous 25 and 50 Alphabet ms ITA 2 MFSK Svstem svnchronous 25 and 50 Alphabet ms ITA 5 APPENDIX PAGE 10 POCSAG VHF UHF pager system 512 1200 2400 Bit s FFSK ASCII ITA 5 Binary POL ARQ Single channel Duplex Svstem 100 and 200 Baud Alphabet SITOR PRESS FAX Press FAX Svstem 60 240 RPM IOC 352 and 576 PSK 31 EC Svstem 1 25 Baud BPSK and DOPSK W H iw RUM FEC FEC System 164 5 and 218 3 Baud 16 Bit Alphabet SELCAL Annex 10 Selcal Tone duration 1000 ms Standard tones SI ARQ Simplex ARQ Svstem 96 and 200 Baud Alphabet ITA 3 SI AUTO AUTO SI ARQ and SI FEC 96 and 200 Baud Alphabet ITA 3 SI FEC FEC System Alphabet ITA 3 SITOR ARQ Mode A ARQ 100 Baud Alphabet Sitor SITOR AUTO AUTO Mode A and B 100 Baud Alphabet Sitor SITOR FEC Mode B FEC 100 Baud Alphabet Sitor SPREAD 11 FEC Svstem 68 5 137 Baud 10 Bit Bauer Code SPREAD 21 FEC Svstem 68 5 137 Baud 10 Bit Bauer Code SPREAD 51 FEC Svstem 68 5 137 Baud 10 Bit Bauer Code SSTV SWED ARQ
89. 7 BAU Dorr Frequency range HF MODES Svstem STANDARD Baudrate 45 45 180 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF BAUDOT OPERATING MENU BAUDOT Analysis Auto Auto sync Demodulator Options 45 5 Baud 50 0 Baud 75 0 Baud 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var MA 2 Force LIRS AGS For the BAUDOT the Auto option The Auto mode will automati starts the process of automati cally cause a return to the syn cally setting up the demodulator chronisation if lengthy periods and determining the baud rate of signal loss is experienced or and signal polarity a pre defined error rate is ex ceeded The menu fields 45 5 Baud 50 0 Baud 715 0 Baud or A Baudot codeword consists of a 100 0 Baud allow a manual start bit 5 data bits and ei start of signal decoding with ther 1 1 5 or 2 stop bits giv polarity determination remaining ing each character a length of automatic The user may also en 7 7 5 or 8 bits Baudot is an ter a baud rate of his choice asynchronous code in which syn Setting the demodulator up for chronization is performed for correct shift and center fr ach character by the start and quency must be done manually via stop bits the Demodulator menu Baudot transmissions may be ren In
90. 90 rpm at one and a a wide shift 400 Hz anda half times and for 120 rpm at a few with narrow shift 150 speed of twice a second The in Hz The receiver bandwidth dex of co operation IOC is should be set accordingly in the readily recognizable from the Demodulator menu screen display when images are spread out too wide An IOC of By selecting the Auto func 576 is mostly used on short tion the software waits for the wave IOC identifier and synchronisa tion sequence These signals are The software allows the user to only transmitted once at the be align image edges with display ginning of an image implying edges during reception Click on that capturing of the signal Phase and move the image by will only take place at the moving the trackball either left start of the next image or right until correct image alignment has been achieved By selecting the Manual func tion the software starts immedi The displayed image may be ately The drum speed and the enlarged via the Zoom menu IOC may be manually selected in field Parts of the enlarged im the fields Drum Speed and IOC age may then be inspected by moving the track ball It should be noted that zooming stops fur ther capture of the image Images are received in 16 grey levels Weather fax images are normally purely black white Grey level representation never theless results in a markedly improved image quality
91. 92 8 12 94 8 33 134 8 54 19 72 13 97 4 34 136 9 55 202 7 14 100 0 35 138 5 56 203 5 15 102 6 36 141 3 57 209 0 16 10355 37 142 4 58 210 7 17 105 6 38 146 2 59 218 1 18 107 2 39 146 3 60 225 7 19 108 5 40 15033 61 233 6 20 10 9 41 151 4 62 241 8 21 LES 42 156 7 63 250 3 OPERATING MOCES PAGE 78 mu 4a GQ Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 96 0 or 200 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF SI ARQ OPERATING MENU S ARQ Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 96 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 200 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRSHGS SI ARQ operates at speeds of 96 receives an acknowledgement or 200 Baud on the radio link character the next data block is sent with inverted phase or SI ARQ is a simplex system simi polarity However if the re lar to for example SITOR SI ARQ ceiving station IRS however therefore also sounds similar to requests a retransmission the the well known SITOR system B repeated block is sent with un cause data and pause blocks are changed polarity longer in duration the percep tion of a lower baud rate is If the ISS does not receive the created acknowledgement packet it transmits a RQ block as is the SI ARQ uses th ITA 3 alphabet case with SITOR for data trans
92. ATOR AF a A ti a Kia N 4 8 a kt TA TA 60 POM IN i A 21 OMH IN 40 TMH IN 455KHz IN f a 48 8 A OAA ir Ae sf Iz 8 6 6 a o a G E ey oW ae 8 een gt ss a Ge GID GID Ge ae VGA MONITO TRACKMAN MOUSE SERIAL RS232 1 CENTRONICS PRINTER ee eee ew j G memememan A X a a G U W 4100 a e CONNECTING THE Connect the included power cable to a 230V 50Hz power mains out let and to the plug marked AC 230 VOLT 50 60 Hz A 1A mains fuse is located in a drawer in CONNECTING Connect a VGA or multi syne colour monitor to the rear DB 15 plug marked VGA MONITOR A matching cable is included in the complete monitor package If WAVECOM fu POWER CABLE the upper part of the combined mains connector and power on off switch The W4100DSP is also available in a 115 Volts version with a 2A mains fuse THE MONITOR The VGA video signal of the W4100DSP is compatible with PC ATs having a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels The red green and blue color signals are analog an older tvpe EGA plug is used an adapter DB 9 female to DB 15 male mav be obtained in most computer stores Practicallv anv monitor mav be adapted to the interface Several brands of monitors have been tested Please notice the paragraph Setting of the DIP switches of this section where the selection
93. BAUDRATE DEMODULATOR MODE SHIFT BAUDRATE FRAMES OT CONTROLLABLE ODE CENTER TONE DURATION ms DEMODULATOR ODE CENTER TONE DURATION ms DEMODULATOR ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 59 COMMAND LIMITING VALUE DSP MARK SPACE NOR INV MPT 50 3500 600 3500 FIXED MOBILE ASCII BINARY NATEL OFF ON PACTOR PACTOR AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 DSP MARK SPACE PACKET 300 PACKET 300 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 300 600 DSP MARK SPACE ALL I FRAMES PACKET 1200 50 3500 600 3500 1200 600 ALL I FRAMES PACKET 9600 50 16000 9600 2400 4800 ALL I FRAMES PICCOLO MK6 600 3500 25 50 DSP MFSK PICCOLO MK12 600 3500 25 50 DSP MF SK POCSAG POL ARQ PRESS FAX RUM FEC SI AUTO SI ARQ SI FEC SITOR AUTO MODE SHIF BAUD b RATE MESS TXPE O ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 60 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE POCSAG 50 16000 512 0 1200 0 BIN ASCII LANGUAGE A T U GI PO U YP S E3 ASCII ERMAN L ARQ POI L ARQ AUTO NOT CONTROLLABLE MODE HIF RATE DULATOR T LANG POLA Z O U ti RATE DULATOR UAGE RITY Z O U ti RATE DULATOR Z OQ U ti RATE DULAT
94. Baud 96 0 Baud Var US ASCII Nor Polaritv DUP FEC 2 is a further develop tems transmission simultaneouslv ment of the DUP ARQ 2 system takes place on two different The system characteristics are frequencies If an error occurs very similar DUP FEC 2 allows special sequences are transmit transmission of ITA 2 Baudot ted to signal this condition and or ITA 5 ASCII characters a block repetition is requested RQ DUP FEC 2 has a radio channel rate of 125 or 250 Baud A data If errors are received the two frame is 32 bits long For error last 32 bit blocks are transmit protection a five bit CRC sum ted when the radio channel rate Inverted Hamming and a total is 125 Baud and three blocks paritv odd paritv is used when working at 250 Baud DUP FEC 2 is often used as a Like DUP ARQ 2 DUP FEC 2 has full duplex svstem As is the manv special blocks for IDLE and case with other full duplex svs RQ OPERATING MODES PAGE 32 IF EF PAE Frequency range VHF UHF MODES System PAGER Symbol rate 3125 Baud Data rate 6250 bps Modulation 4 PAM FM Receiver setting FM narrow 15 30 kHz Signal sources IF ERMES OPERATING MENU ERVIES Analysis Demodulator Options 3125 00 Baud Introduction as ERMES is a new Europe wide high speed paging system with a data fn 169 425 n 0 025 MHz rate of 6250 bps in comparison to POCSAG which h
95. C 576 VHF UHF SIGNAL AND Code Analysis DIRECT APPENDIX PAGE 16 DATA ANALYSIS automatic baudrate determination automatic shift determination automatic noise gate for burst transmissions automatic mode detection data systems automatic change over to the detected mod Code Analysis INDIRECT automatic baudrate determination automatic shift determination automatic noise gate for burst transmissions automatic mode detection data systems automatic change over to the detected mod FFT Baudrate DIRECT automatic baudrate determination measurement range 50 12 000 Baud accuracy of first measurement typically better than 1 graphic display of baudrate spectrum FFT Baudrate INDIRECT automatic baudrate determination measurement range 50 12 000 Baud accuracy of first measurement typically better than 1 graphic display of baudrate spectrum FFT Shift Measurement DIRECT automatic determination of signal shift up to 22 000 Hz graphic display of captured frequency spectrum shift determination with movable cursors continuous display of cursor difference in Hz continuous measurements with averaging accuracy up to 1200 bit s typically 5 precise bitrate independent determination of center frequency FFT Shift Measurement INDIRECT
96. C the Phase menu field By turn values A number of IOC assign ing the trackball left or right ments were modified for press or by using the left right cur image transmissions These spe sor keys on the front panel the cial characteristics ar taken ntire image can be shifted into into account in the PRESS FAX the correct position software The image may be enlarged via If the Auto function is se the Zoom menu field The re lected the software waits for ceived image can now be smoothly the IOC identifier and synchro repositioned by moving the track nisation sequence Both parame ball The resolution of the in ters are only transmitted at the ternally stored image is consid start of an image and hence cap rably higher than that of the ture will only start when the available VGA standard next image occurs By selecting Manual the decoding starts im The Options Colours menu field mediately and the drum speed and has a submenu with three fields IOC can be programmed manually 16 grey levels Black White via the Drum Speed and IOC and User defined The latter Modul menu fields The selected menu field allows press images parameters are displayed in the to be coloured This pseudo screen s status line colouring only affects the video display and this format can not The W4100DSP allows a continuous be printed OPERATING MOCES PAGE 71 P SE SS LL Frequency
97. C to mobile Carries informa tion on the number of time slots i Pal f wa address codeword random access messages These TSC messages contain a parameter indicating the number of follow ing timeslots a frame avail able The mobile unit finds a random slot in the frame for its in the succeeding frame and th channel number of the control channel REQUEST RQS Mobile to TSC tion by the TSC Requests for ac AHOY AHX TSC to mobile abilitv check General avail ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ACK TSC to mobile mobile to TSC Response to RQS or AHV ACK from TSC also carries ALOHA time slot information GO TO CHANNEL GTC TSC to mobile Carries informa tion on traffic channel number allocated for requested call he return control channel for he mobile units is accessed andomly using a particular form f the slotted ALOHA protocol he TSC continuously sends sync essages on the forward control hannel to the mobiles inviting QBHOHK AH messag If the messages of two or more units collide the col lision is detected by the TSC which now increases the number of timeslots for the next frame and the mobile units retransmit To start MPT1327 1343 monitor ing select WVHF UHF MODES T MPT1327 1343 and then select 1200 00 Baud If you select Fixed stations AHL messages will be filtered out except for the two following a non AHL message This is to
98. DETRIQUNNANNNNNMMM PAGE 20 APPENDIX TELEPRINTER ALPHABETS o AMO KR 0ND G x XXX X NE eae E AE ON A a 5 D Dor o Y LE D ww SLRHS Eo xx amp amp E E LMODWLOT XIUZZOMOLO JOSZxsnosfini g STVOOOrOVoromCOorom or r oo 0 OrrrOrrd00OrroOrrrdOOrod0oreoroororrogd a ooroororrororrorrororrorrocoroeoro C rOro00OroOrrrrOO0OOrrrOOrrrO00Oorrroo G E rrOrrrOO0OrrO000O rO rO roOr rr r rOOrro o OrAMTMNORMHDOrTAMNYTNORDMDDOrA 9 TNOSWOMDA EE Se Per ee AANA AANA b z z AS o n oOo ON ASO ii CO 0 of MOrt ON INSO o e E e E jq 5 D G jq 5 UD ta 4 p sort Dott Dopo S D DOGG OB DD ot c solpor E og EpL oooon g2gLoo3ooa TEESIT Eofscasoo IMOOWLOLT_3Y4ISZOXOOLHEL D gt SX gt ONOSSPSSVVE LMODWLOT XUZZOMNOMNIIPZXJNOSAErAsSADI rrOrr0OOrroororrooOrrrroO00OOrrrrOrrrod Oroo0o0oO0rroOoOO0OO0OrrOoOrrrOOrOoOrrrrroOOorroOO0oOrr tr 0 E Orc0000orr0o0OoOrrorrroororrrrrrroOrorro T Orrrorroorrorrroorocoocoororoororrooorr E E TA E Rk KT E e 5 COrooOrorrororrorrororrorrooororooro 8 PE EEI Ed rOrO0OrOrrrrOO0OrrrOOrrrG000rrrooorg ff ie cette aot te ans tana ad eels escent ial cates ge a anil wal TROTT TIHO DO TOO OO TOT OOT T eO OF TOO On Q rror rr roOO0OOrrOO0OO0OO0OOrOrOrOrrrrOoOOorrOrrre e coocoooocococococooocooocooococoocoocococoror 0 5 5 ka Soie So dicen hoes Horr Orr rrr Orr rrr Orr orr rr Q j Or AMYMORDMDOrAMYHONMDOrA 2 NIVOO rN VOS ror AMDT HOR OROR A B TNOSWONWOPTLNOLRPRPLORRRURAQRZRAB
99. Demodulator Options 48 0 Baud 72 0 Baud 85 7 Baud 96 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 96 0 Baud var ITA 2 Force LIRS FIGS The duplex ARQ E systems operate ARQ E employs the ARQ 1A alpha at speeds of 48 64 3 72 bet with parity checking which 85 7 96 192 and 288 Baud on allows the detection of trans the radio link mission errors Synchronisation for the ARQ E For short wave transmissions the operating mode may be started by synchronous full duplex ARQ the selection of a baud rate An Automated Request modes have AUTO program start causes th becom very significant The automatic determination of the five inner data steps correspond frequency shift and baud rate to to the ITA 2 alphabet be executed first The signal polarity USB or LSB sidebands Full duplex systems transmit the is automatically detected After synchronisation to an ARQ E system has been achieved the detected repetition rate is dis played 4 5 or 8 cycles This parameter gives certain clues as to identical transmission nets If a continuously repeated char acter often FFFF is decoded whilst working in the ARQ E mode it is most likely an ARQ E3 system being monitored RQ character after having de tected an erroneous character or in the presence of excessive Signal distortions The remote station subsequently repeats the last three four or seven char acters preceded by the RQ char acter
100. E 1 USER INTERFACE PAGE 2 STANDARD MENU PAGE 3 DEMODULATOR FIELD PAGE 3 FULL SCREEN MENU PAGE 4 DEMODULATOR WINDOW PAGE 5 FEATURES OF THE DSP DEMODULATOR PAGE 6 DEMODULATOR MENU PAGE 8 OPTIONS MENU PAGE 11 FRONT PANEL COMPONENTS PAGE 13 TUNING RADIO DATA SIGNALS PAGE 15 FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEGRAPH TRANSMISSIONS PAGE 19 DUPLEX MODES HE PAGE 25 SIMPLEX MODES HE PAGE 26 FEC MODES HE PAGE 27 CONTENTS PAGE 2 MFSK MODES HF PAGE 28 VHF UHF DIRECT MODES PAGE 29 VHF UHF INDIREC MODES PAGE 30 FAX MODES PAGE 31 CARRIER MODULATION PROCEDURES PAGE 32 BAUDRATES SPEED AND CARRIER MODULATION PAGE 33 m me S VIDEO FULL SCREEN MENU PAGE 1 MAIN MENU PAGE 2 MODES FROM A TO Z PAGE 3 91 A ACARS ALIS ALIS 2 ARQ E ARQ E3 ARQ N ARQ M2 242 ARQ M2 342 ARQ M4 242 ARQ M4 342 ARQ6 90 ARQ6 98 ASCII ATIS AUTOSPEC B BAUDOT BULG ASCII C CCIR CCITT CIS 11 CIS 14 CIS 36 CODAN SELCAL COQUELET 8 CO QUELET 13 QUOQUELET 80 CW MORSE D DGPS DUP ARQ DUP ARQ 2 DUP FEC 2 DTMF E ERMES EEA EIA EURO F FEC A FELDHELL FMS BOS G GMDSS DSC HF AND VHF GOLAY G TOR H HC ARQ HNG FEC I ICAO SELCAL INFOCALL M METEOSAT MPT1327 N NATEL NOAA GEOSAT
101. ET key and the REMOTE ON OFF that a real hardware reset is generated The program is also reloaded from the diskette The PRINT SCREEN key produces a complete screen print out of the actual screen content The print screen function supports HP Deskjet 500C 550C 560C 660C HP 850C and HP Paintjet color printers Before using print screen a printer driver for one of these printers must be acti vated in the SETUP FUNCTIONS PRINTER PRINTER TYPE menu After pressing the PRINT SCREEN key a message is displayed Screen dump in progress The W4100DSP multitasking kernel takes care of the screen dump without affecting an active mode or the operation of the unit INTRODUCTION PAGE 15 TUNING RADIO DATA SIGNALS Most modes have an AUTO op quencies calculates the shift tion If this option is acti and determines the resultant vated the W4100DSP will auto centr frequency Then the de matically tune to the received modulator is automatically ad FSK signal First the software justed to the correct shift and measures the mark and space fr centre frequency TUNING A FSK C F1B SIGNAL Tuning with DSP demodulator Shift 850 Hz Center frequency 1700 Hz 510Hz 510 Hz DSP 1700 Hz Shift 850 Hz Intern Trans Frq
102. FT DISPLAY This function al the cent ignal the field on lows r frequency used during Ana ysis can be set e Demodulator Translat menu field in tion The setting of e translation frequency is al identical center at DI to the RECT procedures signal ment of the baudrate has a typical inaccuracy of less even at GFSK with 9600 Th measur than 1 bit s With several comparative MODACOM SIGNAL WITH 4FSK GATHERING ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 4800 BIT S AND 1 KHz SHIFT 27 86 1997 16 41 26 Baudrate DATA Baud B 1266 24668 3600 4500 6000 7200 8468 9600 16868 12666 HRVECORTSHIETIOTSELAY Shift i 6200 Hz rN paras ae ENEE Y 19000 8BBB BBBB UMBB 2000 a 2000 yaaa 6BBB s000 19000 Wide Shift Hold Cursor on Shift Demodulator 3 Normal Set Filter esses TTT TTT TTT 11 ene FFSK Shift 220BBHz Intern Trans Frq 21400000 Hz 21 4 MHZ Narrow Shift measurements th ffectiv baudrate can be very precisely determined Signal measurements of VHF UHF modes require an ex act adjustment to the signal center This is very important Deviations of transmitters of more than 1000 Hz occur quite often and have to be corrected by adjusting the receiver or us o tions of up to 5 have to be expected All FFSK mode
103. HF PAGE 42 CODE STATISTICS HF PAGE 44 SETUP FUNCTIONS PAGE 46 REMOTE CONTROL PAGE 48 REMOTE CONTROL EXAMPLES PAGE 50 GLOBAL REMOTE COMMANDS PAGE 52 SHORT COMMANDS PAGE 53 REMOTE COMMANDS MODES PAGE 54 LOADING OF THE W4100DSP SOFTWARE VIA REMOTE CONTROL PAGE 63 yy EF FE Ee mi EIO T ee TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS HARDWARE PAGE 1 VIDEO DEMODULATOR INTERFACES PAGE 2 TECHNICAL DATA DSP DEMODULATOR PAGE 4 SOFTWARE HF MODES PAGE 6 HF SIGNAL AND DATA ANALYSIS PAGE 12 SOFTWARE VHF UHF MODES PAGE 14 VHF UHF SIGNAL AND DATA ANALYSIS PAGE 16 ALPHABETS PRINTER DRIVERS PAGE 18 TELEPRINTER ALPHABETS PAGE 19 ROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 21 FUSE REPLACEMENT PAGE 23 SIGNAL INTERFERENCES PAGE 23 CONDITIONS OF SALE PAGE 24 TERMS OF DELIVERY AND PRICES PAGE 25 LITERATURE PAGE 25 INSTALLATION PAGE 1 INSTALLATION Before connecting any peripheral equipment to the data and tele graph analyzer W4100DSP all de vices should be powered off to avoid damages Experience shows that damage often occurs due to heavy static build ups Because of this the metal case of the W4100DSP which is grounded through the power mains should be touched before installation of any peripheral equipment COMPONENTS OF THE W4100DSP REAR PANEL e AC 230 VOLT 50 60 HZ 0 aeaaaee f 9 egeeee ae eooo ID amp 2e2e maa PC XT AT HOST INTERFA CE je DIP SWITCHES LEVEL EXTERN DEMODUL
104. IN45013 until 1992 technically he systems are dentical The transmission speed is 1200 Bit s and the nominal FFSK fre quencies are 1200 Hz for logical ri and 1800 Hz for logical 0 Indirect modulation sub car rier modulation is used A data packet consists of 64 bits Af ter a carrier pre keying an 8 bit telegram preamble and a 15 Bit Barker block synchronization sequence follows Data is pro tected by using 8 bit redun dancy Mode labelling BAK Can assume 16 values for the various call types User defined Call to mobile Call to base station Identification Acknowledgement Sequence telegrammed Separation call DOR WNEF CO OPERATING MOCES PAGE 91 7 Reserve 8 Priority call 9 Status request LOK 14 Reserve 15 Emergency call Status STAT 4 bits are avail able Their use is not deter mined Rhombic labelling RHOMBUS 4 bits used as supplementary manu facturer information The use is not determined Manufacturer identification PROD Two digits The classifi a cation is determined by ZVE Call number Call The call has three digits The hundreds digit is transmitted first and the ones digit is transmitted last Group calls are transmitted as pseudo tetrads of illi 16 For a group call for a group in the 10s range the digit repre senting 1s is filled with logi cal 1 Fo
105. INTRODUCTION PAGE 32 CARRIER MODULATION PROCEDURES The HF and VHF UHF modes decoded by the W 4100DSP use different carrier modulation methods The most frequently used modula tion techniques are 2FSK using two tone frequencies MFSK with four or more tones and phase modulation methods 2PSK 4PSK and 8PSK The DSP demodulator SSB Most modes in HF bands use SSB modulation with suppressed car rier and AF subcarrier frequency shift to emulate the direct key ing of the carrier frequency in SINGLE handles the demodulation of these modulation methods The HF transmission INDIRECT FM modulation INDIRECT AM modula tion and DIRECT FM modulation modes must be distinguished De pending on the mode AF and HF inputs HF modes may be used or only AF or IF inputs SIDE BAND previous use Decoding can be done from the AF or IF output USB LSB CW or FAX demodula tor oD ESE C T E RA PAGER modes and PACKET 9600 Bit s on VHF UHF use DIRECT carrier FM modulation The shift mav be 3000 Hz to 9000 Hz Decoding is only possible from the receiver IF output The latest generation of receiv ers e g ICOM and AOR provides a direct discriminator output for decoding these modes NDO TRE ew EDA Modes using INDIRECT modulation subcarrier modulation are dou ble modulated One method is to modulate a frequency
106. IRECT FM Receiver setting FM 12 KHz narrow Signal source AF oniv PACKET 1200 OPERATION MENU PACKEF1200 Analvsis Demodulator Options 600 Baud 1200 Baud VSU frames MonitorALL Select Call Femove Call Display Fame PACKET 1200 can be monitored in the amateur VHF and UHF This mode uses indirect FM sub car rier modulation To start PACKET 1200 select 1200 Baud or 600 Baud The correct shift may be set in the Demodulator menu The software of the W4100DSP allows for auto matic presetting of a standard shift of 3500 Hz This value will not be changed by any other mode The T S U frames function gives the user the possibility to display either all packets or only packets with message con tents The function is useful to display call signs and status information in addition to mes sage only packets To toggle be tween display of 1 S U frames and I frames only is achieved by simply clicking the left trackball button or the ENTER key on the front panel The Monitor ALL function erases all call signs which may hav been selected using the Select Call field and all data packets are redisplayed The Select Call field enables the selection of up to 10 re ceived call signs After select ing this field the list may be inspected by moving the track ball ball To select a call sign c
107. If the exact baud rate is unknown the IAS measurement function can be used for this purpose with an accu racy of 0 001 Baud This is done by activating the IAS is on setting in the Demodulator menu field Autocorrelation is then initiated by selecting and programming the baud rate menu field After a while the very accurate measured baud rate will be displayed in the upper system status field next to the heading AutoCorr If the baud rate deviates by more than 0 5 Baud bit slip may occur and there fore the autocorrelation must be restarted with the exact baud rate To start the sampling process Start Tracking the menu field d picted in this case as 96 0 Baud Var is selected A field appears which allows the manual entry of has been completed signal sam pling is started The number of sampled bits is displayed continu ously The autocorrelation can cur rently process up to 200 000 bits but a minimum of 2000 samples is required By selecting the menu field Stop Tracking the actual computation of the autocorrelation is started Results are displayed graphically on the video monitor If a large number of bits were sampled and the graph indicates a low periodicity the computation may be stopped by se lecting the menu field Stop Auto corr Periodicity is indicated by distinct peaks in the graphic dis play which may show various charac teristics a
108. KET RADIO OPERATION MENU PACKEF9600 Analysis Demodulator Options 2400 Baud 4800 Baud 9600 Baud SU frames MonitorALL Select Call Femove Call Display Fame PACKET 9600 can be monitored in only packets with message con the amateur UHF and SHF bands tents The function is useful to The transmissions sounds like as display call signs and status noise 2400 Baud transmissions information in addition to mes are more rare Some digipeaters sage only packets To toggle be work with two modes PACKET 1200 tween display of I S U frames and PACKET 9600 and I frames onlv is achieved by simply clicking the left To start PACKET 9600 select trackball button or the ENTER 9600 Baud or 2400 Baud The key on the front panel correct shift may be set in the Demodulator menu The software of the W4100DSP allows for auto matic presetting of a standard shift of 3500 Hz This value will not be changed by any other mode The Monitor ALL function erases all call signs which may have been selected using the Select Call field and all data packets are redisplayed As PACKET 9600 uses direct FM The Select Call field enables modulation the translation fre the selection of up to 10 re quency pre selection is equal to ceived call signs After select the center frequency of the IF ing this field the list may be
109. NAL imm ll Ga30aAAA WAVECOM PHASE ANALYSIS Phase Analusis Cee Seer Bee Hold Time 58 ASYNC Mode Fast 8000 sec PSK Rate Anal ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 11 immediately visible on the indication of what level of display phase modulation is used e g 2 PSK to 16 PSK For Synchronous For ASYNChronous mode the mode the symbol rate is the symbol rate measurement is not same as the baud rate of the required The sampling rate is Signal and needs to be known to independent of symbol rate configure the demodulator The Using Norm 4000 sec three demodulator is selected in sampling rates are selectable Demodulator Select Mode Slow Norm and Fast For Symb xxx is used to enter the low baud rate signals better signal symbol rate either results are obtained with a manually or transferred from PSK lower sampling rate The Select Symbol Rate Analysis The center Mode menu item is disabled in frequency is entered using the Demodulator menu Center xxx ulti channel DPSK signals often ave a very narrow channel ignal bandwidth This results n the phase of the signal never emaining constant and so the SYNChronous mode uses an M existing demodulator BPSK QPSK h or DPSK to decode the signal S and produces a phase plane i r a E display of the output of the demodulator For BPSK and QPSK ccumulation of signal points in this provides a check on th
110. NG MOCES PAGE 87 Most Twinplex stations work with the VI combination of Y Y B B and Y B Y B or B Y B Y in the V2 channel Transmissions with a B Y B Y combination in V1 and Y B B Y in V2 are however also possible VAR SHIFT MENU FIELD iS 4 100 Hz 100 Hz 100 Hz MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINATION OF TWINPLEX FREQUENCY SHIFTS After th previously described ither th Y B Y B or B Y B Y set up has been completed the combination Twinplex mode can now be started by selecting 100 0 Baud or a TE synchronisation is not variable baud rate achieved after configuration has been completed change the V1 The preferred demodulator type and V2 settings until the right is the Direct mode Software combination has been found For versions 2 6 00 and later will example transmissions are pos automatically switch to this sible with VI set to B Y B Y and mode Alternativelv the selec V2 set to Y B B Y This combina tion may be done manually via tion results in the first three the Demodulator Select Mode telegraph characters to be menu field transmitted on the V2 channel The proper assignment of the VI TWINPLEX stations only key the and V2 channel keying combina tions must be set up using the Y B VI Channel and X B V2 Channel menu fields
111. ONNECTORS CONNECTOR VGA MONITOR 15 POL DSUB JACK 5 1 Analog red pea 8 TA 2 Analog green MP MY TAN TANI 3 Analog blue 10 tet La AP 52 13 HSvnch Ab Mad NP OQ jed 14 VSvnch 15 11 Ground 5 6 7 8 10 11 Connector Signal Function Pin 1 Analog red signal Analog 0 7 VPP positive Pin 2 Analog green signal Analog 0 7 VPP positive Pin 3 Analog blue signal Analog 0 7 VPP positive Pin 13 Horizontal synch signal Synch 31 5 KHz TTL Level positive or negativ Pin 14 Vertical synch signal Synch 60 Hz TTL Level positive or negativ Pin 5 6 7 Ground Pin 8 10 11 Ground CONNECTOR TRACKMAN MOUSE 9 POL DSUB PLUG 2 Receive data RXD 1 2 3 4 5 3 Transmit data TXD 4 Data terminal ready DTR E 5 Ground 6 Datasetreadv DSR l l 7 Request to send RTS 6 7 8 8 Clear to send CTS Connector Signal Function Pin 2 RXD Receive Data Received Data Pin 3 TXD Transmit Data Transmitted Data Pin 4 DTR Data Terminal Ready Pin 5 GND Ground Pin 6 DSR Data Set Ready Pin 7 RTS Request To Send Pin 8 CTS Clear To Send Pin 1 NC not connected Pin 9 NC not connected INSTALLATION PAGE 11 CONNECTOR PIN OUT PC AT HOST INTERFACE 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 4 rs oy KN JA FIN PA KON JON KN KN FIN eo FIN Pa aa JEN EN PA N G GA CO A J O A UO A AAA UO OO AA A UO VY UO UO VY U Oa OOO Ue oO O
112. OR Z O U ti RATE DULATOR 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE RUM FEC RUM FEC AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRANSPARENT NATIONAL NOR INV SI AUTO SI AUTO AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE SI ARQ SI ARQ AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE SI FEC SI FEC AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE SITOR AUTO SITOR AUTO AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 2400 0 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 61 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE SITOR ARQ SITOR FEC SPREAD 11 SPREAD 21 SPREAD 51 SSTV jeq e is tA ER O U ta RATE DULATOR ER RATE DULATOR TASS CYRIL ITA 2 CYRI 3 SHIFT CY BAGDAD 70 TRANSPARENT LIC LLIC RILLIC 3 SHIFT GR EEK BAGDAD 80 SITOR ARQ SITOR ARQ AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 DSP MARK SPACI ITA 2 TRA TASS CYRI BJ 0 SPARENT iLIC ITA 2 CYRI 3 SHIFT CY BAGDAD 70 LLIC RILLIC 3 SHIFT GR EEK BAGDAD 80 SITOR FEC SITOR FEC AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 DSP MARK SPACE ITA 2 TRA 0 SPARENT TASS CXRI ITA 2 C
113. P is ob tained via the input plugs marked AF IN AF HF IN 455 KHZ IN 10 7 MHZ IN or 21 4 MHZ IN An HF or IF out put is common in professional receivers Receivers quipped with an internal demodulator may be connected to the W4100DSP using the plug marked EXTERN DEMODULATOR The line or loudspeaker output of the receiver is connected to the AF IN inputs If available AND IF INPUTS the receiver line output should always be used Otherwise the phone or loudspeaker outputs may be used A other inputs are for connection to IF outputs All inputs are equally suitable for the decoding of HF and VHF UHF modes Detailed technical specifications of the inputs may be found in the appendix TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS designed The sensitivity of all inputs is software selected using the SETUP GAIN or the DEMODU LATOR GAIN menu which is in cluded in all mode menus The 0 100 range corresponds to an in put sensitivity of 0 01 Vpp to 5 Vpp for maximum drive The translation frequency is ad usted by using the SETUP FUNC IONS DEMODULATOR menu or the DEMODULATOR TRANSLATION menu ncluded in most mode menus The 4100DSP employs high stability DS frequency generation the mallest step being 1 Hz on all Hou nu o 4 h INSTALLATION PAGE 3 In addition to the ana V4100DSP al
114. QUELET 8 O Frequency range HF MODES System MFSK Tone duration 37 5 50 0 ox 75 ms Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver settings CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF COQUELET 80 OPERATING MENU Coquelet 80 Sgnal Analysis Demodulator Options Tone 37 5ms Tone 50 00 ms Tone 75 00 ms Force LIRSHGS IA 2 COQUELET 80 is a synchronous Error correction is done by MFSK svstem with error correc transmitting every character tion FEC Various references twice with a specified time off note two different systems CO set The second transmitted QUELET 80S and COQUELET 82S CO character is mathematicallv re QUELET 82S can be used in both formatted MOD 8 The leading side bands and uses extended DX and trailing characters handshaking and synchronizing RX always have the same ODD or sequences extended protocol EVEN parity COQUELET 80 is used with the At the beginning of a message BAGHDAD80 or the ITA 2 ROMAN the RX character positions are alphabet Similar to COQUELET 8 filled with IDLE sequences This the transmission of a character mode does only error recognition is done by two tone assignments called group 1 and group 2 GROUPI and GROUP2 but no error correction TONE ASSIGNMENT OF COQUELET 80 Group 1 Tone Gr
115. QUELET 13 75 ms SSB COQUELET 80 37 50 ms 75 ms SSB CW MORSE 20 400 BPM SSB or CW DGPS 100 200 SSB DUP ARQ 125 SSB DUP ARQ 2 250 SSB DUP FEC 2 125 250 SSB DTMF 70 ms INDIRE FM EEA 40 ms INDIRECT FM EIA 33 ms INDIRE FM ERMES 3125 Baud 4 PAM FM EURO 100 ms INDIRECT AM FEC A 96 144 192 288 SSB FMS BOS 1200 INDIRECT FM GOLAY 300 600 DIRECT FM G TOR 100 200 300 adaptive SSB HC ARQ 240 SSB HNG FEC 100 05 SSB ICAO SELCALL 1000 ms SSB INFOCALL 1200 DIRECT FM ETEOSAT 240 RPM I0C288 INDIRECT AM PT1327 1343 1200 INDIRECT FM NATEL 70 ms INDIRECT FM NOAA GEOSAT Drum Speed 120 RPM I0C576 INDIRECT AM PACTOR 100 200 adaptive SSB PACKET 300 300 SSB PACKET 1200 1200 INDIRECT FM PACKET 9600 2400 4800 9600 DIRECT FM PICCOLO MK6 50 ms 25 ms SSB PICCOLO MK12 50 ms 25 ms SSB POCSAG 512 1200 DIRECT FM POL ARQ 100 200 SSB PRESS FAX 120 RPM SSB INTRODUCTION PAGE 34 TRANSMISSION MODE BAUDRATE CARRIER MODULATION RUM FEC 164 5 218 3 SSB SI AUTO 96 200 SSB SI ARQ 96 200 SSB SI FEC 96 200 SSB SITOR AUTO 100 SSB SITOR ARQ 100 SSB SITOR FEC 100 SSB SPREAD 11 102 6 SSB SPREAD 21 102 6 68 5 SSB SPREAD 51 102 6 SSB SSTV 8 16 32 s SSB SWED ARQ 100 SSB TWINPLEX 100 SSB VDEW 100 ms INDIRECT FM WEATHER FAX 60 90 120 RPM SSB ZVEI VDE 1200 INDIRECT FM ZVEI 1 70 ms INDIRECT FM ZVEI 2 70 ms INDIRECT FM OPERATING MODES A
116. RQ M4 242 systems are full du sent however no transmissions plex systems with sub channel division are known Systems employing sub Full duplex systems send the re mote request RQ character to the remote station if a charac ter error has been detected or channel division may be recog nised by the rhythmic illumina tion of the ERROR LED OPERATING MODES PAGE 13 ARQ6 90 AND ARQ6 98 Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 200 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF ARQ 6 90 OPERATING MODE ARQ6 90 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 200 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRS FIGS ARQ 6 98 OPERATING MENU ARQ6 98 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 200 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRS FIGS ARQ6 90 and ARQ6 98 operate at a speed of 200 Baud on the radio link ARQ6 90 and ARQ6 98 svstems transmit 6 characters of 7 bits each in everv data block result ing in a total of 42 bits The SITOR alphabet with a mark space ratio of 3 4 is used Both svstems operate on the ARQ principle Using the ARQ method a data block of 42 bits is transmitted The SITOR alphabet is used to protect the transmit ted data After each transmis sion the direction of transmis sion is reverse
117. S system automatically standard ARQ system consists of determines the optimal operating 2 identification bits 30 data frequency after having received bits and 16 CRC bits Data a CALL command The station then transmission is transparent for sends a synchronisation word ALIS Known systems are however address block counter and a structured around six ITA 2 status word The receiving sta characters tion correlates this bit se quence and synchronises itself The two identification bits in If the data transmission link dicate one of four possible op fails ALIS will search for a erating states The CRC checksum new frequency to re establishing nables detection and correction the link OPERATING MODES PAGE 7 La DL SS 2 Frequency range HF System SIMPLEX Baudrate 240 82 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver settings CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF HF or IF ALIS 2 OPERATING MENU ALIS2 Analysis Demodulator Options 240 80 Baud 96 0 Baud Var ALIS 2 is a simplex system oper transmission errors and error ating with a baud rate of 240 82 correction purposes baud The overall transmission and re ALIS 2 is described in the ceive cycle of ALIS 2 is 354 Report of the CCIR 1990 Fixed bits which is equivalent to 490 Service at Frequencies below ms In case of an error free
118. SIS F B Extract Bts Feld Sze 5 ockSze 45 MA 25 Bits Move by Bock Move by Feld Move by Bt Bit Soread 0 Nom BtOrder Y BV1 Channel Y BV2 Channel Bit Analysis may be seen as a freely over the graphic area representation of a synchronous The cursor is green when th bit stream Data is represented data line was yellow or alterna graphically on the screen using tively brown if the data line coloured lines The colours blue yellow red was either blue or red More important however is the green and grey are utilised blue and yellow representing B and Y mark and space data bit error tions Move by Bit Frame a cursor With the func may be and red a representation of the bit stream with the binary values zero 0 and one 1 The displayed bit or Move by moved sequence corresponds to the cur sor line in the graphic display area ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 36 BINARY BIT DISPLAY FUNCTION Bits from the graphical dis ITA 3 Text dis Text with in plaved as logical svmbols plav BU ZI verted polaritv Norm Bit The example is preset with the Depending on the transmitting ITA 3 7 bits alphabet In the system the bit sequence conven Bits field groups of 7 bits tion may be least significant are alternately displayed in red bit LSB first or most signifi and whi
119. SP in terpreters the command string xecutes th appropriate func tion s and returns a VU char acter to the host as an acknowl edgement and ready prompt the apostrophes are not transmit ted If the command is undefined or incorrect the W 4100DSP returns a character and the XS prompt The software is not case sensitive By appending a question mark at the end of a command the host can interrogate all settings of the W 4100DSP The W 4100DSP re sponds after an inquiry has been made with a parameter string terminated with a CR and the prompt gt The software returns an UNDEF CR W message in response to an undefined com mand An undefined condition message is displayed if after Switching the W 4100DSP on no mode is selected If appending the parameter AUTO to the WMODE xxxxx com mand the mode is started in AUTO MODE with automatic de termination of frequency shift al ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 49 center frequencv and baud rate If requesting data during auto matic measurements the message AUTO CRY gt will be dis played After automatic measure ments have been completed a STATUS request will not release an AUTO message DATA INTERFACES output of the teletype data additionally be switched on off to the serial interface IAL 1 and the centronics in terface via the REMOTE CONTROL interfac
120. Sta tistik field all counters are reset to zero Normal text output is reacti vated by clicking Continue Out put CODE STATISTIC WITH WEATHER NEWS Character Count 5000 Standard Deviation 07 12 1996 10 40 18 199 85 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 MARK SPACE 1816 Hz Shift 786 Hz Tintern Trans Fra He ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 46 SETUP FUNCTIONS SETUP FUNCTIONS OPERATION MENU Setup Functions Set Time Date Gain Control Test treen Pinter Serial 1 Remote Control Test Ser Ports Global Settings Test DIG Inp All parameters relating to Setup Functions are saved in battery backed up memory and re main intact without mains sup ply NOTE When installing a new software version for the first time all settings may me changed to a default value All parame ters must then be r ntered by the user he function Set Time Date s used to set the built in eal time clock Programming of he clock is done using an eas ly understandable dialogue H t K HH The Gain Control menu field allows to adjust gain between 0 and 100 linear scale for each input independently displays all supported printer types By moving the trackball a printer may be selected and ac tivated by clicking the left trackball button After leaving the menu through a click of the right button the selected printer
121. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF DATA AND TELEGRAPH ANALYZER W4100DSP CONTENTS CIN S TAT LAaD I ON CONNECTING THE POWER CABLE PAGE 1 CONNECTING THE MONITOR PAGE 1 TRACKMAN MOUSE PAGE 2 AF IN HF IN AND IF IN PAGE 2 PROGRAMME DISK PAGE 3 DIP SWITCH SETUP PAGE 4 PC AT HOST INTERFACE PAGE 5 EXTERNAL DEMODULATOR PAGE 5 455 KHZ 10 7 MHZ AND 21 4 MHZ INPUTS PAGE 5 PCM IN INPUT PAGE 5 DIGITAL IN INPUT PAGE 6 AF OUT OUTPUT PAGE 6 SERIAL INTERFACES RS232 1 AND RS232 2 PAGE 7 CONNECTING A SERIAL PRINTER PAGE 8 CONNECTING A PC AT PAGE 8 CONNECTING A CENTRONICS PRINTER PAGE 9 CONNECTOR PIN OUT VGA MONITOR PAGE 10 CONNECTOR PIN OUT TRACKMAN MOUSE PAGE 10 CONNECTOR PIN OUT PC AT HOST INTERFACE PAGE 11 CONNECTOR PIN OUT EXTERNAL DEMODULATOR PAGE 11 CONNECTOR PIN OUT SERIAL RS232 1 AND REMOTE CONTOL PAGE 12 CONNECTOR PIN OUT CENTRONICS PRINTER PAGE 12 CONNECTOR PIN OUT DIGITAL IN PAGE 13 CONNECTOR PIN OUT PCM IN PAGE 13 TECHNICAL DATA OF THE VGA VIDEO INTERFACE PAGE 14 LN TRO DO U CT I ON TRACKMAN MOUSE FUNCTION PAGE 1 CURSOR KEY FUNCTION PAG
122. TWINPLEX ARQ WEATHER FAX T m ZVEI ZVEI 2 Amateur Television 8 16 32 Secands Simplex ARQ System 100 Baud Sitor Alphabet Simplex ARQ System 100 Baud Sitor Alphabet Wetter Fax Systems 60 240 RPM IOC288 and 576 Analog selective call Tone duration 70 ms Analog selective cal Tone duration 70 ms system 5 tones system 5 tones APP ENDIX PAGE 11 APPENDIX PAGE 12 HF SIGNAL AND DATA ANALYSIS FFT Baudrate Signal Analysis automatic determination of baud rate measurement range 20 to 1 000 Baud accuracy of first measurement Simplex better than 0 2 accuracy of first measurement Duplex FEC better than 0 1 graphic display of baud rate spectrum FFT Shift Measurement Signal Analysis automatic determination of signal shift up to 3 500 Hz graphic display of captured signal spectrum shift measurement possible with movable cursors continuous display of cursor difference in Hz Code Analysis repeated measurement with averaging function automatic display and adjustment of shift and center frequency automatic mode detection of most data and teletype systems Simultaneous display of text in LTRS FIGS mode of the detected system separate test of synchronous Baudot systems automatic change over to the detected mod Real Time FFT Spectrum Display Signal Analysis graphical
123. Th centr frequency of professional receivers while other receivers work with 1000 Hz Using the Latin Morse menu field the output can be toggled between Cyrillic Morse and Latin Morse The main problem in handling manual keying lies with too short character breaks or pauses or signal interference Too short pause intervals make the decoding of two or more charac ters which have been keyed in sequence impossible e g CQ Signal interference may be erro neously interpreted as either dashes or dots The software reports an error condition ERROR if the recog nisable parameters dot dash or the inter word or inter character breaks deviate too much from the standard and con sequently EKOr Er decoding cannot be maintained OPERATING MODES PAGE 28 IO C FE Frequency range HF System SELCAL digital Baudrate 100 0 and 200 0 Baud Modulation Minimum Shift FSK Receiver settings CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF HF or IF CW MORSE OPERATING MENU DGPS Analysis Demodulator Options 100 00 Baud 200 00 Baud 96 00 Baud Var MSG Type 3 7 16 DGPS Differential Global Posi has a length of 30 bits 24 data tioning System data is mainly bits and 6 parity bits The last transmitted in the medium fre two bits of a word are used as quency ban
124. The number of revolutions per minute RPM is a measure of the speed of the drum on the trans mitting side The index of coop eration IOC is a measure of the speed with which the sensor moves along the axis of the drum A fax transmission begins with a tone of 300 or 675 Hz It has a duration of 5 10 seconds and is very well suited for exact tun and white levels are transmit ted the switching frequency be ing 1 4 Hz These carry the RPM information and the receiver is now synchronized so that the picture will start in the right position Subsequently the transmission of the picture begins properly The output to the video monitor has a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels and 16 grey levels Output to a graphics printer is done via the Centronics parallel interface Weather FAX pictures are con tinuously printed so the printer should at least be able to print 150 characters min At the end of transmission the stop signal is sent This con sists of a switch off signal of ing purposes This tone convevs 450 Hz having a duration of 5 the IOC value Then 30 seconds seconds followed bv 10 seconds of alternations between the of the frequency representing frequencies representing black black level 5 white 95 black f white f black l l l PAUSE IOC TONE SYNCHRONISATION DATA BREAK SIGNAL PAUSE 5 10 seconds 10 30 seconds 10 40 minutes 5 20 seconds
125. U Oe OOo eee Us 2 PIN2 40 GROUND 40 Connector Signal Function Pin 1 to Host Data 0 to 8 Bit data bus from to PC Pin 15 Host Data 7 Pin 17 HWrite Host Write Strobe Pin 19 HRead Host Read Strobe Pin 21 HFSO Host Function Select 0 Pin 23 HFS1 Host Function Select 1 Pin 25 HLDS Host Lower Data Select Pin 27 HUDS Host Upper Data Select Pin 29 HINT Host Interrupt Pin 31 HRDY Host Ready Pin 33 HEN Host Enable Strobe Pin 35 HDIR Databus Direction Pin 37 HCS Host Chip Select Pin 39 EXTRESET Extern Reset Power On Control CONNECTOR PIN OUT EXTERN DEMODULATOR 9 POL DSUB PLUG 1 2 3 4 5 3 Extern V1 Data EA TIT 4 ExtemV2Data 5 Ground 6 7 8 9 Connector Signal Function Pin 3 Extern V1 Data Input for external demodulator Level TTL up to 12 Volts RS232 Pin 4 Extern V2 Data Input F7B Signal Level TTL up to 12 Volts RS232 Pin 5 Ground Ground INSTALLATION PAGE 12 CONNECTOR PIN OUT SERIAL RS232 1 AND REMOTE CONTROL 2 Receive data RXD 1 2 3 4 5 3 Transmit data TXD 4 Data terminal ready DTR z l C p 5 Ground 4 K 6 Dataset ready DSR 7 Request to send RTS 6 7 8 9 8 Clear to send CTS Connector Signal Function Pin 2 RXD Receive Data Pin 3 TXD Transmit Data Pin 4 DTR Data Terminal Ready Pin 5 GND Ground Pin 6 DSR Data Set Ready Pin 7 RTS Request To Send Pin 8 CTS Clear To Send Pin 1 NC Not connected Pin 9 NC Not co
126. VHF UHF MODES System SELCAL analog Modulation INDIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 12 KHz narrow Signal source AF only SELCAL OPERATING MENU SHCAL ANALOG ACAL Analysis Demodulator Options AMB 1 Ab 2 CCIR EFA HA CCIIT VDEW DIMF More Selective call systems is an ef In most systems the accuracy of ficient supplement to the voice the single frequencies has to be traffic An earlier method was within 1 1 5 of the nominal the so called single tone mode value using five different tone fre quencies Later two tone modes For ZVEI modes having a nominal followed where the call number one duration of 70 ms the dura is transmitted as frequency com tion of a single tone may vary binations The two tone method 15 ms is still used Modifications of the tone allo Later developments led to the cation and tone duration has led five tone sequenc svstems The to numerous systems despite many five digits are often divided standards into two groups The first dig its work as radio net flags the Decoding the selective calls is last three digits are user call started by clicking on a system numbers If transmission and system se lection conform the call sign The entire call number is trans is displayed on the monitor In mitted by an consecutive tones Setup Global Settings a in decad sequen
127. W LSB or USB AF or IF Signal sources ARQ M4 342 AND ARQ M4 242 OPERATING MENU ARQ M4 342 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 172 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Pint Auto LIRC FIGS A LIRC FIGS B LTRC AGS C LIRC FIGS D ARQ M4 342 and ARQ M4 242 sys the distortion or fading becomes tems operate at a speed of 172 excessive This results in the or 192 Baud on the radio link re transmission of the last 3 or 7 characters preceded by the RO These operating modes also request control character known as TDM or ARQ 56 conform to the CCIR recommendations 342 2 and 242 Four 50 Baud Baudot channels are interleaved to form a time multiplexed aggregate bit According to the CCITT recommen dation the repetition cycle may span 4 or 8 characters as is the case with ARQ E The longer stream Multiplex frames of 56 RQ cycle of 8 characters has bits are used never been monitored For transmission the ITA 3 7 In addition to the time multi bit alphabet is used which al plexing of several channels lows error detection to be made division channels each divi All characters in the ITA 3 al phabet have a 3 to 4 ratio be Sion channel may be further sub divided into sub channels re tween mark and space bits sulting in a multitude of possi balanced code ARQ M4 342 and ble modes of operation At pre A
128. WAVECOM authorized modifications to this ELEKTRONIK AG grants you a war equipment by third parties is ranty for a period of 12 months hereby disclaimed Shipping from date of sale Defectiv costs for equipment returned to components will be replaced or WAVECOM will be paid by the cus repaired fr of charge No li tomer In case of repair within ability is taken for any other the warranty period WAVECOM claims which may arise due to will carry the costs of return consequential damage arising shipping to the customer EOE La T CGAI NCA The products of WAVECOM are sold of sale WAVECOM has no obliga on the basis of technical tions to upgrade or modify specifications valid at the time equipment already sold C OOO EF a Ee Le CSL Ea 21 The software of the W 4100DSP program s is prohibited without decoder is the intellectual the express and prior consent of property of WAVECOM and pro WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG and pun tected bv international copv ishable In addition anv war right law Anv duplication of rantv claims will become void La LAE I CL ED fi Information contained in this manual may contain errors or manual may be changed at any omissions and WAVECOM is not li time without prior notice De able for any resulting losses or spite careful preparation this damages LAWS AND REGULATIONS Before using this equipment of the transmissions which may take note of the laws an
129. With no signal tone present the bargraph will remain turned off whereas when a signal is present one bargraph element will turn on at a position de termined by the value of the beat frequency relative to the selected centre frequency The bandwidth of the CW demodu lator may be adjusted between 50 and 1200 Hz As a standard ad justment a bandwidth of approxi mately 600 800 Hz is recom mended In case of unstable transmission the bandwidth must be increased up to 1000 Hz The narrower the bandwidth the bet ter the SNR of the demodulator The automatically adjusted FIR filter provides an optimized SNR In addition to the bandwidth the centre frequency may be changed from 600 Hz to 1800 Hz the cen tre frequencies 800 Hz and 1000 Hz being standard TUNING A WEATHER FAX SIGNAL Tuning a DSP demodulator Shift 800 Hz Centr frequency 1900 Hz 480 Hz 480 Hz DSP 1900 Hz Shift 800 Hz Intern Trans Frq 0 Hz AF Weather and press facsimile sig centre of the bargraph Weather nals transmitted in the HF bands are frequency modulated Satel lite transmissions from e g Me teosat are amplitude modulated In all modes the tuning of the FM or generated AM signal is done symmetrically around the chart signals containing no grey levels are characterized by white level information being dominan
130. YRI 3 SHIFT CY BAGDAD 70 ILIC LLIC RILLIC 3 SHIFT GR EEK BAGDAD 80 SPREAD 11 SPREAD 11 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 DSP MARK SPACI ti SPREAD 21 0 SPREAD 21 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 DSP ER RAT ja DULATOR REMO TE CONTROL MAR K SPACI SPREAD 51 SPREAD 51 AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 DSP MAR NOT ti 0 0 1200 0 K SPACI d AVAILABL Da ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 62 MODE REMOTE COMMAND COMMAND LIMITING VALUE TW SW ED ARQ INPLEX FATHER FAX ZVE ZVI ZVI I VDEW EI 1 EI 2 S BAUDRATE DEMODULATOR zZ O ie ti TWINPLEX SHIFT BAUDRATE DEMODULATOR LANGUAGE TWINPLEX V1 TWINPLEX V2 MODE MODE SHIFT CENTER IOC RPM MODE HIET ENTER n Q MODE MODE SWED ARQ SWED ARQ AUTO 50 3500 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP MARK SPACE TWINPLEX 50 50 50 up to 800 800 800 600 3500 30 0 1200 0 DSP ME SK ITA 2 TRANSPARENT TASS CVRILLIC ITA 2 CYRILLIC 3 SHIFT CYRILLIC BAGDAD 70 3 SHIFT GREEK BAGDAD 80 Y Y B B Y B Y B B Y Y B BEI Y B Y B BHY B Y Y B KK WWK K B B Y X B B VDEW WEATHER FAX WEATHER FAX AUTO 50 3500 600 3
131. ZB APPENDIX PAGE 21 TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM Decoder does not operate Software does not operat trot free Software reports the loss of calibration data Software repeatedly reports the loss of calibration data No decoding is possible No data output from the serial or parallel interfaces POSSIBLE CAUSE S AND REMEDY Check power connection from mains supply and fuse Remove the unit s power supply and check the second fuse in the power supply Program on disk has been damaged hardware write protection was removed Replace program disk Software 1 1 15 and higher needs 8 MB Memory On loading a new software ver sion the calibration data mav be lost for technical reasons Backup batterv must be replaced Check the AF or HF connections Check the setting of the translation frequency Check the selection of signal input source Check the state of the decoder s V1 V2 is intern extern set ting Check the setting of gain Activate the Print On function PRINT Led must be on Check if receiving peripheral is ready On line Check the serial DTR handshake Signal The active ready state corre sponds to a positive voltage be tween 3 12 V PROBLEM Faulty character displays on pe ripheral equipment Loss of characters on serial or parallel interfaces No full scale display on LEVEL indicator
132. a colo versions was only 10 Hz substantial increase in the in the recent versions use 20 Hz sensivitv to multipath propaga spacing For Piccolo MkG this tion and noise means a total necessary band width of 180 Hz and for Pic Early Piccolo versions Mark 1 colo Mk12 300 Hz The tone 2 and 3 employed 32 tones spacing necessary to avoid in Each tone represented a charac ter symbol interference is cal ter of the ITA 2 telegraph al culated as the inverse of the phabet Later it was found that tone duration two sequential tones improved the SNR The mor recent Pic MFSK svstems as COQUELET 80 colo Mk 6 uses two times six also emplov forward error cor possible tones each having a rection or are full duplex ARQ duration of 50 ms This results or simplex svstems as ALIS II in 36 possible combinations of 8FSK INTRODUCTION PAGE 29 VHF UHF DIRECT MODES VHF UHF DIRECT MODES MENU VHF UHF DIRECT Analysis POCSAG GOLAV INFOCALL ERMES PACKEF9600 Contrary to what is the case on POCSAG INFOCALL and GOLAY are short wave many different types pure FEC systems with extensive of transmission may be encoun error detection and correction tered in the VHF UHF bands capabilities The digital sig Pure data transmission systems nal systems FMS BOS and ATIS as known from the HF bands are are ARQ simplex systems If a quite rare with satellite call has not been acknowledge
133. a full duplex system To maintain synchronisation be with two transmission frequen tween the two duplex stations cies both transmitters operate con tinuously and transmit idle The CIS 11 data format consists characters should no traffic is of 11 bits Data bits 1 5 con transferred tain the M2 character The data OPERATING MODES PAGE 21 CI ss ii 4 Frequency range HF MODES Svstem DUPLEX Baudrate 96 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF CIS 1l4 OPERATION MENU CIS 14 Analvsis Auto Demodulator Options 96 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var LIRS FIGSA LIRS FIGSB Pint Auto CIS 14 employs a radio channel frame of 14 bits speed of 96 Baud The two first bits of the multi Synchronizing to a CIS 14 signal plex frame identify the channel may be initiated by selecting a state as IDLE or TRAFFIC Then baud rate or Auto Starting two bit interleaved M2 data code Auto will automatically deter words follow The last two bits mine shift centre frequency and are parity bits used for error baud rate detection Parity is calculated depending on the position of I CIS 14 is a full duplex system bits using two frequencies In Code Analysis the simple As is the case for other multi data format of CIS 14 with only plex m
134. about 30 MHz of the ITU ALIS 2 data transmission the terminal is derived from Automatic Link baudrate is 720 bit s setup ALIS 2 almost always uses the ALIS 2 are 8FSKmodulated The ITA 5 ASCII alphabet tone spacing is 240 Hz and the tone duration is 4 15254 ms The The ALIS 2 svstem automaticallv transmission block consists of determines the optimum operating 55 tri bits resulting in 165 frequencv after having received bits per frame In addition to a CALL command The station then the preamble of 21 bits each sends a synchronization word block contains 126 data bits address block counter and a The preamble includes an identi status word The receiving sta fication code allowing differ tion correlates this bit se ent systems to be identified quence and synchronizes itself If the transmission link is in Two identification bits signal terrupted ALIS 2 will search four operational states Traf for a new frequency to re fic idle RQ and binary data establish the link transfer The 16 bat CRC checksum serves the detection of OPERATING MODES PAGE 8 z2 EC E Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 46 2 288 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF ARQ E OPERATING MENU ARQ E Analysis Auto
135. activated using be connected then this input the TISTE T DIP FUNC must be used TIONS DEMODULATOR menu Connect ground to pin 5 VI data Note that utilizing this facil to pin 3 and F7B V2 data to pin ity will disable certain 4 The minimum input level is W4100DSP functions Thus this TTL level LO 0 8 V HI 2 4 input should be employed for V and the maximum is RS 232C special purposes only level LO 12 V HI 12 V 455 kHz IN 10 7 MHz IN AND 21 4 MHz IN INPUTS All IF inputs are designed for ble The IF input signals are connection to receiver IF out directly converted and decoded puts All inputs are equally in the W4100DSP Signals within suitable for the decoding of HF an input voltage range from 10 and VHF UHF modes mVpp to 5 Vpp are decoded with out errors Professional receiv The POCSAG INFOCALL and GOLAY ers produce a sufficient IF modes employ direct frequency level whereas amateur equipment modulation An error free decod will often need to be modified ing is only possible at IF level The bargraph TUNING indicator serves as a tuning aid Correct The IF output of the receiver tuning is achieved if the signal should be directly connected to is displayed symmetrically the corresponding W4100DSP IF around the bargraph center input using a BNC BNC coax ca EP CM ICN LN P OU T The d
136. alent to data rate of 110 an asvnchronous Baud The WAVECOM software displavs four sub windows on the screen Normal T1 T2 7 Inverse T1 T2 Normal T2 TI and Inverse T2 T1 This way of organizing the display is due to the fact that it is not possible for the op erator to decide from the moni tored tone sequence whether th first received tone constitutes tone 1 or tone 2 of a character In addition reception may occur using ither th upper or the lower sideband giving a total of four decoding possibilities De coding of data is done simulta neously in all four sub windows Known or recognisable text out put can then readily be observed in one of the subw indows Jr If the decoded data is to be printed the menu field Print Pre selection N T1 T2 must be used to select the desired data window as printer output source The decoder or receiver must be tuned to obtain the midpoint be OPERATING MOCES PAGE 65 TONE ASSIGNMENT OF PICCOLO MK6 AND PICCOLO MK12 PICCOLO MK12 ITA 5 PICCOLO MKE ITA 2 Tone No O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Frq Hz O 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 A Center Tuning 1700 Hz tween tones 5 and 6 as the cen The DSP mode demodulator is ter frequency In the case of intended for use with MFSK sys IDLE standby transmissions tems This mode may be selected these two tones ar keyed at
137. aller than the possi ble combinations in the alphabet ITA 2 has 32 combinations By selecting the Show Frames menu field all recognised bit combinations are displayed in hexadecimal format The original screen contents may be restored by selecting th Restor Screen menu field ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 39 BIT LENGTH ANALYSIS HF BIT LENGTH ANALYSIS OPERATING MENU Tracking Stop Tracking Dernodul ator Analyze Data Bit Length Analysis serves to demodulator has been set up cor determine baud rate distribu rectly sampling is initiated by tions tone duration or bit selecting the Start Tracking length distributions menu field To stop sampling the menu field Stop Tracking The resolution offered by the is selected Captured data may SAMPLER option is 10 us 100 000 then be analysed further via the samples per second After the Analyze Data sub menu MENU ANALYZE DATA Range 53 1258 Ed Raw Data Cursor After proceeding to the Analyze The actual computation lasts be Data menu further evaluation tween 1 and 10 seconds depend is started bv specifving one of ing on the amount of captured three baud rate ranges Range data A screen with 3 graphs is 3 250 Bd Range 3 650 Bd or then constructed The following Range 3 1250 Bd The resolu xample shows a typical YBIE tion of the graphic
138. am having a freely defin able character map is recom mended This will enable use of national characters like 4 6 or INSTALLATION PAGE 9 CENTRONICS PRINTER The standard Centronics inter face is used for connecting a parallel printer The printer tvpe mav be software selected using the menus SETUP FUNCTIONS PRINTER and PRINTER TYPE Centronics printer cable length should not exceed 2m The con figuration of the DB 25 connec tor is identical to standard PC convention and all standard computerprinter cables may be utilized The print screen function is at present implemented for the HP PAINTJET HP 500C HP 550C HP 560C HP 660C and HP 850C CONNECTION OF A CENTRONICS INTERFACE PRINTER Centronics Printer 36 pin connector Strobe 1 Data 1 2 Data 2 3 Data 3 4 Data 4 5 Data 5 6 Data 6 7 Data 7 8 Data 8 9 Acknlg 10 Busy 11 PE SLCT 13 Autofeed 14 Error 32 Init 31 Sictin 36 19 Ground bis 30 W4100DSP 25 Pol D SUB connector 1 Strobe 2 Data 1 3 Data 2 4 Data 3 5 Data 4 6 Data 5 7 Data 6 8 Data 7 9 Data 8 10 Acknig 11 Busv 12 PE 13 SLCT 14 Autofeed 15 Error 16 Init 17 Slet In 18 bis Ground 25 INSTALLATION PAGE 10 C
139. and Bavaria II Lower Saxonv Il CPAATMWOAINDUHBWNHE tween messages from vehicle to control or control to vehicle must be made For example a mo bile to control message contain ing the digit 0 may trigger an emergencv call The same messag in the opposite direction i e control to vehicle mav implv a status request The last field special use is mapped to 4 bits in the telegram and serves to communicate the equipment state directional and abbreviated tactical informa tion OPERATING MODES PAGE 41 GMDSS DSC HF AND VHF CMD S S 14 YD Ss oO _ NF EE Frequency range HF System SELCAL digital Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Shift 170 Hz Receiver settings CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF HF or IF GMDSSDSC HF Analysis Demodulator Options 100 00 Baud ASII CGM D S S F D S C N E E Frequency range VHF UHF MODES System SELCAL digital Baudrate 1200 bit s Shift 600 Hz Center 1500 Hz Modulation INDIRECT FM Receiver settings FM 12 0 KHz narrow Signal sources IF only GMDSYDSC VHF Analysis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud ASCII GMDSS means Global Maritime Dis DSC is used on HF and VHF On H tress and Safety System and is a worldwide system for handling maritime emergency and safety F he s
140. arameters must be in agreement Baudrate The baud rate is a measure of the serial interface data transfer speed In the SETUP FUNCTIONS Serial 1 menu the following speeds may be se lected 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 or 19200 baud 19200 baud is recommended as a standard speed for SERIAL 1 For the REMOTE CONTROL inter face the baud rate should not exceed 9600 baud Data bits 7 or 8 data bits may be selected giving character sets of 128 or 256 characters For example the ISO code table contains the German national characters 4 6 U within the first 128 bit combinations 123 124 125 decimal However the IBM PC code table defines thes haracters as decimal 132 148 Q 129 and double s as 225 Thus to print the national char acters of non English languages the interface must be set to 8 data bits Stop bits 1 or 2 stop bits mav be selected One stop bit is normallv adequate Paritv The paritv function pro vides a degree of error detec tion and correction As the printer cannot ask for repeti tion of characters received in error parity control may be skipped No parity Options are NO EVEN and ODD parity No parity is recommended as stan dard Remote address 0 99 The address of the W4100DSP when remotely controlled may be set in the SETUP REMOTE CONTROL menu Value is 0
141. ark space ra tio for data transmission and error detection For short wave transmissions synchronous full duplex ARQ Automated Request modes have become very Significant Full duplex systems transmit the RQ character after having de tected an erroneous character or in the presence of excessive Signal distortions The opposite station subsequently repeats the last three or seven characters preceded by the RQ character To maintain synchronisation be tween the two stations both transmitters operate continu ouslv and send the idle bit pat tern if no traffic is transmit ted OPERATING MODES PAGE 10 ma Fea ei Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 96 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF ARO N OPERATING MENU ARQ N Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 48 0 Baud 72 0 Baud 86 0 Baud 96 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 4 Cycles 96 0 Baud var Force LIRSFAIGS Known ARQ N systems operate ex Sidebands is automatically de clusively at a speed of 96 Baud tected on the radio link For short wave transmissions the The synchronisation phase for synchronous full duplex ARQ the ARQ N mode of operation mav Automated Request modes have be initiated via the Auto become very significant function or by manual sel
142. as a maximum rate of 2400 bps ERMES radio data may be transmitted using frequency or time multiplex or both All transfer modes do how ever utilize the same modulation format on th sam frequency ERMES is now operating in sev eral European countries whereas Asian countries tend to stan dardize on FLEX which is a technically comparable Motorola system Radio link RMES employs a radio link transfer protocol conforming to the ETSI prETS 300 133 4 stan dard ETS 300 133 1 to ETS 300 133 Transmissions are within the range form 169 4125 MHz to 169 8125 MHz all over Europe Channel spacing is 25 kHz The nominal frequencies and the channel numbering are defined T n Channel number 0 15 ERMES transmitter allocations follow the CEPT T R 25 07 annex 1 recommendation Modulation ERMES modulation is 4 PAM FM The four frequency pulse amplitude modulation carries two bits dibit per frequency step In addition to coherent phase keying ERMES also utilizes pre modulation pulse shaping To de crease bit error rate data is coded using the Gray code The nominal frequencies ar Carrier Dibit symbol 4687 5 Hz 10 1562 5 Hz bi 1562 5 Hz 01 4687 5 Hz 00 OPERATING MODES PAGE 33 THE ERMES PROTOCOL A sequence of 60 sec
143. as re HNG FEC is started by clicking ceived in error T Ruto or by selecting a baud rate By toggling the ECC is HNG FEC employs bit spreading on off field the error correc interleaving with a distance tion may be enabled or disabled ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS ANALYSIS SOFTWARE The WAVECOM analysis software may be used for Spectrum display with Real Time FFT Spectrum display with Real Time Waterfall Spectrum display with Real Time Sonagram Determination of frequency shifts of FSK F7B or MFSK Signals Signal Analysis High precision determination of the signal baud rate Signal Analysis Automatic detection of operating mode Code Analysis Determination of periodicity Signal Analysis Analysis of bit patterns and determination of in use Bit Analysis Determination of code spread Bit Analysis Determination of the bit length distribution Bit Length Determination of asynchronous bit length Raw VI data the alphabet The W4100DSP analysis tools are all HF and Analvsis VHF menus available from the Analvsis MENU ANALISIS HEF Analysis HF FXK Analysis Code Analysis Real Time FFT Waterfall MRX Analysis Autocorrelation Oscilloscope Bt Analysis Bt Analys F7B Bt Length Raw Fk Data Phase Analysis MENU ANALSIS VHFE
144. assumed that quency data written to the a valid signal is present when a analysis buffer Good results have been obtained when the method was tested with these receivers Le IC IC R 9000 R 8500 R 7000 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 17 AEG E 1900 3 The noise gate requires some time to work Even when fully functional a 80 100 ms delay is experienced The delay is not compensated for ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 18 INDIRECT CODE ANALYSIS VHF UHF INDIRECT CODE ANALYSIS MENU Code Check Ind Sgnal Analysis Auto Mode Manual Baudrate Demodulator For technical reasons the signal ACARS analysis tools for the VHF UHF ATIS range had to be differently de FMS BOS Signed for DIRECT and INDIRECT MPT1327 1343 modulation methods The INDIRECT PACKET 1200 methods also known as sub ZVEI VDEW carrier modulation require the output of the receiver FM or AM The purpose of Code Analysis demodulator In contrast the is to determin th mode of measurement of a DIRECT modula transmission baudrate shift tion method can only be done us and center frequency Video dis ing the receiver IF signal play of the INDIRECT Code Analy sis The following modes use INDIRECT modulation methods VIDEO DISPLAY OF THE INDIRECT CODE ANALYSIS OPERATING MENU Shift evaluation m
145. ata bits of he codeword taag he Bulgarian ASCII system uses et another form of parity heck A checksum is calculated or a data block and appended to he transmitted block The IRS calculates the checksum onc tTmhaAK H codeword and the error correct ing code may have a decent chance to correct the errors The HNG FEC and RUM FEC channel codes use this method Another method is codeword repe tition in which a codeword is again and compares the result with the checksum received If the checksums are not equal a RO is issued The checksum calcula tion is often done using a method called a Cyclic Redun dancy Check CRC In one way systems there is of course no return channel so the IRS cannot request repetitions Therefor th codes used must very robust and be able to cor rect errors at the receiving end Forward Error Correction FEC is used One of the worst enemies of one way links is burst noise which may damage many succeeding bits To combat this type of noise bit spreading or bit interleaving is used The bits of succeeding repeated several characters later in the transmission To improve error detection and cor rection the repeated character may be bit inverted The origi nal character and the repeated character ar then compared at the IRS SI FEC and SITOR B are examples of this type of code One code t
146. attern positions two movable cursors with continuous display of difference measurement freely movable cursor with conversion to resultant baud rate Bit Length Analysis Raw V1 Data graphical display of the Vl shift keying wiht full screen display free adjusting of the time between 0 02 s to 0 65 s per graphic line colour display of signal polarity inversion changing free movable measurement indicator full screen instant output of the time of a polarity inversion in ms and reversed baudrate APPENDIX PAGE 14 Software VHF UHF modes Signal analysis for VHF UHF procedures using DIRECT modulation Baudrate measurement up to 12 000 Baud Shift measurement up to 22 000 Hz Full screen display for INFOCALL Call number and transmission mode display for PAGER systems Time stamp function in all modes Integrated error correction for all modes using block coding PRINT SCREEN function without interruption of the data acquisi tion Real time multitasking kernel for simultaneous decoding and data processing ACARS Aircraft Communications 2400 Bit s NRZI BCD amp ITA 5 ATIS Rhine Identification system 1200 Baud BCD Code EETR
147. ce When two Timestamp function can be en identical digits are to be abled to add date and time to transmitted consecutively then each call an eleventh frequency is used as a repetition identifier If Only the EURO EuroSignal svs there more than two identical tem uses six consecutive tones digits are to be transmitted the The worldwide telephone signal repetition tone is appended to ling standard DTMF mode trans the digit tone e g 22222 is mits two simultaneous tones transmitted as f2 fw f2 fw f2 where f2 is the tone for 2 and fw is the repetition tone OPERATING MOCES PAGE 76 TONE ALLOCATION OF THE DIFFERENT TONE CALL SYSTEMS DIGIT ZVEI 1 ZVEI 2 CCIR EEA EIA 0 2400 2200 1981 1981 600 1 1060 970 124 124 741 2 1160 1060 197 1197 882 3 1270 1160 12 75 1275 1023 4 1400 1270 1358 1358 1164 5 1530 1400 1446 1446 1305 6 1670 1530 1540 1540 1446 7 1830 1670 1640 1640 1587 8 2000 1830 1747 1747 1728 9 2200 2000 1860 1860 1869 A 2799 9 2599 9 2400 1055 2151 B 810 2799 9 930 930 2432 9 C 970 810 2246 9 2246 9 2010 1 D 886 886 991 991 2292 0 E 2599 9 2400 2110 2110 459 F TONE DURA 70 ms 70 ms 100 ms 40 ms 33 ms TION DIGIT VDEW EURO CCLTEL NATEL DIMF 0 2280 979 8 400 1633 941 1336 1 370 903 1 697 631 697 1209 2 45
148. ce gt 2 0 kOhm HF Input Frequency range 8 kHz 1 5 MHz Bandwidth 15 kHz Resolution 1 0 Hz Signal level gt 10 mv 5 V Input impedance gt 2 0 kOhm IF Input I Input frequency Bandwidth Resolution Signal level Input impedance IF Input II Input frequency Bandwidth Resolution Signal level Input impedance IF Input III Input frequency Bandwidth Resolution Signal level Input impedance PCM Input Standard Clock frequency Code Max jitter Input Impedance Mark level Space level Pulse width Digital Receiver Input Format Input Digital clock Frame sync Synchronization External Demodulator Input level Max frequency shift Input Synchronization APPENDIX PAGE 3 440 0 kHz 470 0 kHz 15 kHz 1 0 Hz gt 10 mv 5 V 50 Ohm 10 685 MHz 10 715 MH 15 kHz 1 0 Hz SQ mV SEM 50 Ohm 21 385 MHz 21 415 MHz 15 kHz 1 0 AZ gt 10 mv 5 V 50 Ohm ECITT G 703 2048 kbps 50 ppm HDB3 0 25 UI 122 ns Balanced 120 Ohm 3 V 0 3V 244 ns SSI RACAL RA3790 1 Frame sync clock data 1 536 Mhz 64 kHz 4 x 16 kHz subframes Falling edge TTL or RS232 lt 15 V Vi data V2 data Internal External Data and Clock Strobe Input level Max frequency shift Input Synchronization AF Output Frequency range Converter resolution Output voltage Output impedanc
149. ce IF only INFOCALL OPERATING MENU INFOCALL Analysis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud Message Filter The INFOCALL system permanently market reports as well as up to broad carts information on cur date political and economic rent stock exchange prices and news EXAMPLE OF A INFOCALL DATABASE Reuters Devisen Usa H Sud H Hnalusis Demodulator ons 1200 00 Baud ge Filter FFSK shift SBBGHz Intern Trans Fra 455000 Hz 4SSKHZ INFOCALL data is transmitted on different UHF frequencies The entire available information is transmitted at midnight whereas only a specially designated sub set of the information is transmitted during the day The reception should therefor b OPERATING MOCES PAGE 49 News messages consist of market reports and economic news Besides the current information on offer additional news avail ability is possible in future At the CeBIT 1992 exhibition the set up for overnight operation INFOCALL consists of 16 data bases of which four are cur rently in use Three databases are managed by REUTERS and one by VWD Information is either transmitted on a fixed cycle or whenever data changes have oc curred The WAVECOM software provides a total of 9 different video pages which are designated as Reuters Devisen Reuters Aktien 1 Reuters Aktien 2
150. clusively used for satellite data links QPSK Carrier recovery is mandatory to demodulate QPSK As QPSK has phase shifts at 45 and 135 degrees the signal must be suared two times to produce a carrier at four times the original frequency A PLL recovers the carrier in frequency and phase with ambiguities at 90 and 180 degrees A complex mixer downconverts the Signal to baseband and the resulting Signal is the data signal QPSK is almost exclusively used for satellite data links DEMODULATOR INTRODUCTION PAGE 8 MENU Demodulator SelectMode Shift CenterFgq Transation Aq V1 V2 is intem Input Gain Nearly all modes have a DEMO DULATOR submenu Using this menu the demodulator settings may be changed This will not influence an active mode or stop it An exception is made in Select Mode when changing de modulator type Due to the dif ference in signal propagation time for the various demodula tors synchronization may be lost depending on the selected mode The mode must then be restarted by selecting a fixed or variable baud rate When entering AUTO MODE measure ments are stopped immediately to prevent AUTO MODE from overwrit ing the manually selected val ues S E LE cor BAC LD FE Using this menu field either th DSP or the Mark Space mode may be selected The FFSK GFSK MFSK CW and AM FAX demodu
151. coding Svstem k Coding Svstem k Coding d k Coding narv t image telegraph svstem images 7x7 VHF digital sel 1200 Baud ASCII ITA 5 Bi HF VHF digital ective call svstem narv selective call svstem 100 Baud HF ASCII ITA 5 Bi VHF UHF pager s adaptive 300 6 ASCII ITA 5 Bi 1200 Baud VHF narv vstem 00 Bit s narv APPENDIX PAGE G TOR HC ARQ HNG FEC ICAO SELCAL INFOCALL EOSAT MPT1327 NOAA GEOSAT PACKET 300 PACKET 1200 PACKET 9600 PACTOR l 5 PCM 30 PICCOLO MK6 PICCOLO MK12 Simplex Al adaptiv 100 RO System 200 300 APPENDIX PAGE E Baud ITA 5 with Block Coding Simplex ARQ System 240 Baud ITA 2 wit h Block Coding 100 05 Ba FEC System ud ITA 2 wit h 10 HF aircraft anal Tone duration 1000 ms Standard Annex VHF UHF pager system 1200 ASCII Bit s Satellit 240 RPM IOC 288 weatherfax Trunked radio dystem 1200 Bit s ASCII ITA 5 Binary Satellite weatherfax 120 RPM IOC 576 Amateur AX 25 System 300 600 Baud ITA 5 wit Baud 1200 ITA 5 Bit Redundancv log selective calling svstem 10 tones h Block Coding Amateur AX 25 svstem Amateur AX 25 Svstem 9
152. conds SUBSEQUENCE 16 Batches A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P BATCH Synchronisation System Information Address Message OPERATING MODES PAGE 34 ERMES SCREEN DISPLAY System Information SI Supplementary System Information SSI Initial Adresse Information Message 16 66 1997 15 53 48 Bericoaytisnontyse ear 173 IA 151064 IA 250000 IA 44065 MHEADELADDR 4000000 MNUM 23 HB 0 ALL 0 PCAT 2 UMI 0 ALERT 0 15 52 61485 TELEPAGE BUSINES ON ERMES NETWORK BY SWISS TELECOM MHEADS LADOR 705040 MNUM 10 EB 0 ALL 0 PCAT 2 UMI 0 ALERT 9 KOMME NICHT AN DIE SITZUNG IA 151068 IA 151064 IA 216600 IA 151048 IA 163482 MHEAD LADDR 3439101 MNUM 15 EB 1 ALL 1 AIT 1 AIN 15 jx Wou gt MHEADELADDR 4028924 MNUM 11 EB 1 ALL 1 AIT 1 AIN 15 HEAD LADDR 3275005 MNUM 15 EB 1 ALL 1 AIT 5 AIN 15 ji 151064 150040 MHEAD LADDR 3537405 MNUM 15 EB 1 ALL 1 AIT 1 AIN 15 151329 151064 Signal Analysis Demodulator Options FFK nir 1a0agHz Intern Trans Frq 21400000 Hz 21 4 MHZ OPERATING MODES PAGE 35 SYSTEM INFORMATION Within the system subdivision of a batch network and system in formation is transmitted The system information is divided into two parts System Informa tion SI and Supplementary Svs tem Information SSI The W4100DSP continuously dis plays both parts on two upper screen status lines designated GI
153. costs just over DM 2200 including a parabolic The software is started in auto reflector and receiver The AF matic mode by clicking the output of the receiver may be Ruto field or the Manual fed directly into the W4100DSP field for manual mode In manual which converts the W4100DSP into mode the correct display of the a weather image viewing station image is controlled using the providing excellent image qual Phase function In the ity Demodulator submenu the spe OPERATING MOCES PAGE 51 MEP T IiI 322 7 Frequency croup VHF UHF Modes System croup MPT1327 Baudrate 1200 Bit s Shift 600 Hz Center frequency 1500 Hz Modulation INDIRECT FM Receiver settings FM 15KHz narrow Signal source AF oniv MPT1327 OPERATING MENU MPT1327 Analysis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud ECC is off Axed dations Output is on DCW ASII Data Trunked mobile radio makes a to the public telephone network limited number of radio channels available for a relativelv large Trunked svstems mav carrv voice number of mobile subscribers by or data signals The mobile unit channel sharing and appropriate uses two channel simplex and the access and signalling procedures base station full duplex on a control channel The W4100DSP software monitors con The British MPT 1327 and MPT trol and traffic channels 1343 specificat
154. ctual shift modulator 1738 Hz Shift U3UHz Active data Translation Centre fre Signal input input frequency quency Centre Input EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE IF INPUT 455 KHZ FFSK PO jShift SBBEHZ l Intern Trans Frq 455000 Hz 455KHZ EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE IF INPUT 10 7 MHz FFSK Fs SAFE SABBHz Intern Trans Frq 187BBBBA Hz i8 7 MHZ INTRODUCTION PAGE 6 FEATURES OF THE DSP DEMODULATORS The demodulator has its own messag field placed in the lower right hand screen area The upper part of this field is FFSK and GFSK Depending on the mode the FFSK and GESK demodulator is automatically selected assigned to a bargraph tuning indicator The magnitude of the indication is automatically related to the instantaneous frequency shift Additionally the lower and upper limits of the shift are displayed on each side of the bargraph In the left field the active demodulator is indicated Nine different demodulators are available DSP MODE The DSP mode utilizes an 1 Q demodulator Hilbert transformation The received signal is split into an in phase component and a quadrature component Next an amplitude normalization takes place The resultant signal is used for the frequency conversion This method is characterized by a linear relationship between the received frequency and the output voltage of
155. d SYS System identitiy code 1 NET NDD LAB CCS Codeword completion sequence NET Network operator identity 15 bit NDD Network dependent data LAB Label for multiple control channel The control channel is divided randomly accessed by the mobiles into the Forward Control Channel in timeslots of 106 7 mS 128 from base station to units and bits the Return Control Channel from units to base The forward control channel is divided into time slots each The forward control channel may carrying two 64 bit code words be dedicated fixed non dedicated any free channel or A Control Channel System Code the same for all TSCs which word CCSC which identifies then access the channel in TDMA the system to radio units and time division multiple access provides synchronisation to the following address codeword The return control channel is An address codeword which is the first codeword of any message and defines the nature of the message A message consists of a codeword sync sequence an address code OPERATING MOCES PAGE 53 word and one or more data code words A codeword contains 48 information bits and 16 check bits If bit 1 is logical one the codeword is an address code word otherwise it is a data codeword DATA OUTPUT FORMAT OF THE W4100DSP 4f11 GTC P 79 11 760 CH 427 12 770 N 0 0 SYS The more important address code words are ALOHA ALH TS
156. d transmissions as an exception within a certain time the call is repeated Compared to the baudrates used on the HF bands the rates on A detailed description of the the VHF UHF bands are high various svstems mav be found in POCSAG employs 512 1200 and the MODES section of this 2400 Baud adaptive GOLAY 300 manual or 600 Baud ERMES 3125 Baud and INFOCALL FMS BOS ATIS MPT A characteristic of the VHF UHF 1327 1343 and ZVEI VDEW 1200 transmission modes is the way Baud New commercial modes em in which the carrier is modu ploy speeds up to 9600 Baud lated Some like POCSAG ERMES while radio amateurs with spe mode or PACKET 9600 use DIRECT cial transmission and reception carrier modulation The modes equipment already work with may only be decoded using the 9600 Baud GFSK receiver IF signal output The modulation methods used on Other systems like MPT1327 HF 2FSK 4FSK and GFSK are 1343 PACKET 1200 and ACARS also used on VHF UHF FFSK is a utilize INDIRECT modulation special implementation of the Here the carrier is modulated FSK modulation the frequency with another carrier To de shift is achieved with well modulate INDIRECT modes the re defined phase states Modern ceiver demodulator is necessary systems like ERMES and MODACOM and the signal can thus only be
157. d and the remote station acknowledges rror fr data received in error The two systems only differ in the duration of the request cv cle interval A complete cycle for ARQ6 90 has a duration of 450 ms of which the data block is 210 ms and in terval is 230 ms A complete cycle for ARQ6 98 has a duration of 490 ms of which the data block is 210 ms and in terval is 280 ms OPERATING MODES PAGE 14 yy SS COT CE Frequency range HF MODES Svstem STANDARD Baudrate 50 0 800 Baud Modulation Receiver setting Signal sources SSB or DIR CW LSB or AF or I ECT FSK USB ASCII OPERATING MENU ASCIA 5 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 110 Baud 150 Baud 200 Baud 300 Baud 96 0 Baud Var 8 Data Bts Parity off USATII For the ASCII standard baud and an even number of l s is rates from 110 to 300 Baud are found the parity bit should available Non standard baud also be 1 rates may be selected using the 96 0 Baud var menu item The ASCII code does not distin guish between a Letters or The ASCII code which is adapted Figures case as do Baudot be as the CCITT ITA 5 alphabet is cause 7 or 8 data bit ASCII has used for all kinds of data 128 or 256 possible bit combina transfer of information between tions This cover most symbol computers or
158. d e g 285 315 kHz an EXOR function for selected This correction signal for GPS bits of the succeeding data receivers is used to increase word The value of the last bit the accuracy of th satellit indicates whether the next data based GPS signal which is delib word is sent with inverse or rately deteriorated The DGPS normal polarity principle is based on the trans mission of correction data by a If 3 7 16 is chosen in the reference station the position Message Type option field of which has been determined words containing ASCII text are with high exactitude by tradi decoded The message types 1 6 tional position finding measure and 9 containing the real DGPS ments With the correction data information are not displayed in an absolute accuracy of up to 4 this mode of operation By se meters can be achieved lecting the All frame hdrs op tion all frame headers are dis Transmissions are mostly done in played regardless of the message MSK Minimum Shift Keying with type speeds of 100 or 200 baud RTCM v 2 0 and 2 2 are not com DGPS data which is formatted pletely compatible but both according to RTCM v 2 0 or 2 1 systems are used This may lead is continuously transmitted in to erroneous interpretation of frames consisting of varying certain of frame types number of data words The two first words of each frame con More detailed information may be tain th referenc station id found in RTCM
159. d packet radio has OPERATING MOCES PAGE 62 The packet protocol distingui shes between three frame types I S and U frames Actual data transfer takes place using the I information frame and very seldom the U frame The S and U frames are used for transmission control The data field can contain up to 256 characters in packet radio All characters and character combinations are permitted since transmission is transparent A checksum is sent in the FCS field When the Display Frames mode is active the status field con tains additional connection status information in to call signs addition Frame types are indicated I S or U Possible S frame status mes sages e g Receiver Ready RR become very popular Packet ra dio is a synchronous system and data is ASCII characters Infor mation is transferred in blocks frames At the start and end of each block a control character or flag 01111110 is sent The ad dress can consist of up to 80 characters but 16 or 24 ad dresses are most common when us ing direct connections or a sin gle repeater Receiver Not Ready RNR or Re ject REJ are displayed In the third field the transmit and receive sequence number is displayed This number ranges from r0 to r7 or alternately s0 to s7 The sequence number indi cates to the opposite station which packets have been received free of errors The large volum
160. d regu be decoded is permitted or not lations of the telecommunica The manufacturer or vendor is tions authorities in your coun not liable for violations of try It is the responsibility of copyright laws or telecommunica the users of such equipment to tion regulations determine whether the reception APPENDIX PAGE 25 Terms of delivery and prices Prices may be taken from the attached price list Time of delivery on request Specifications may change without prior notice Buelach 9th February 2000 La L T E Re AP OU ERE Klingenfuss Publications COMPACT DISC RECORDINGS OF MODULATION TYPES Klingenfuss Publications GUIDE TO UTILITY STATIONS ISBN 3 924509 13 1 Klingenfuss Verlag T bingen Klingenfuss Publications RADIO DATA CODE MANUAL ISBN 3 924509 64 4 Klingenfuss Verlag T bingen Lothar Wiesner ELEGRAPH AND DATA TRANSMISSION OVER SHORTWAVE LINKS ISBN 3 8009 1391 7 Siemens Verlag M nchen Erich Stadler MODULATIONSVERFAHREN ISBN 3 8023 0086 6 Vogel Buchverlag W rzburg Torsten Kessler FUNKRUFDIENSTE IM PRAKTISCHEN EINSATZ ISBN 3 7723 4741 X Franzis Verlag M nchen Gabler Krammling SIGNALISIERUNGS UND MESSVERFAHREN IM MODERNEN MOBILFUNK ISBN 3 7723 4951 X Franzis Verlag M nchen
161. de can also be used for shift are not missed If the measured determination of very weak sig shift is smaller than wide nals Normal Shift or Narrow Shift may be selected In case of poor signal quality and for simplex modes the Set To measure th frequency shift Filter function can be used By manually use the cursors of the pre selection of the baudrate a shift display By clicking the low pass filter in the DSP de Hold Cursor on menu a submenu modulator is switched in to im is displayed If the cursors are prove signal quality activated using the Move Cursor 1 and Move Cursor 2 func The Center Freq value is tions Signal acquisition is valid for all HF modes ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 4 DIRECT FSK ANALYSIS VHF UHF MENU ESK ANALYSIS FK Direct Large Shift Wide Shift Normal Shift Narrow Shift Set Fiter Hold Cursor on Demodulator For technical reasons the signal Hz analysis tools for the VHF UHF range had to be differently de If the shift of a signal is un Signed for DIRECT and INDIRECT known analysis may be started modulation methods The INDIRECT using Large Shift An initial methods also known as measurement of the signal is now Subcarrier modulation require possible and should it be re the output of the FM or AM de quired a changeover to Wide modulator of the receiver I
162. de may codes the information of the ISS be started by selecting a baud station rate The SITOR 7 bit alphabet employs Fully automatic tuning to the a 3 4 mark space ratio The ISS Signal center and shift may be transmits blocks of 210 ms dura achieved by selecting the Auto tion each containing 21 bits In menu field turn the IRS transmits acknowl edgement bursts with a duration SITOR ARQ is a simplex system of 70 ms where both stations transmit al ternately on the same frequency If the ISS does not receive an acknowledgement a block con The CCIR recommendation 476 3 taining the RQ character is defines a cycle of 450 ms and sent In the case of blocks be the two stations are designated ing received in error by the as follows IRS the last data block sent is repeated OPERATING MOCES PAGE 81 SITOR FEC Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF SITOR FEC OPERATING MENU SORFEC Analvsis Auto Demodulator Options 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRSFIGS MA 2 The SITOR FEC operating mode is ditions and hence can not trans used in broadcasting applica mit tions where a return channel is not required Two sub modes are In most cases SITOR FEC trans General broadcasting to
163. der Data Terminal Printer Receiver FEC Decoder Data Terminal Printer i Data Terminal Receiver FEC Decoder ata Terminal Printer INTRODUCTION PAGE 28 MESK MODES HF MEsSK MODE S MENU MFK Analysis Ficcolo Mk6 Ficcolo MKi2 Coquelet 8 Coquelet 13 Coquelet 80 AUS2 Multi Frequency Shift Keying MFSK systems are quite often heard on short wave Systems transmitting one tone at a time or several tones at the same time may be encountered Even hich 32 are necessary for the ransfer of ITA 2 characters iccolo Mk12 uses 12 tones so hat the transfer of ASCII haracters is possible Gore igh S fast simplex systems use MFSK The Coquelet 8 and Coquelet 13 with a tone duration of only 4 modes employ the same principle ms of transmission Coquelet 8 has additional tone combinations MFSK systems deviat from the which are used for improving classical binary transmission transmission reliability Co of O Mark and i Space quelet 13 is an asynchronous because in MFSK each tone has a system higher information density This is the reason for a very MFSK modes have small spacing high increase in the element between adjacent tones Though period in MFSK compared with the distance between adjacent binary transmissions having the tones in the early 32 tone Pic same baud rate This produces
164. display is length display screen determined by the selected range ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 40 REPRESENTATION OF BIT LENGTH DISTRIBUTION PICCOLO MK6 18 8 20 0 40 0 60 0 80 0 Cursor 1 Move Cursor 2 The bit length analysis screen consists of the two functions Bit length distribution binary 0 Bit length 0 distribution ex pressed in BAUD and Bit length distribution binarv 1 Bit length 1 distribution ex pressed in BAUD as well as a graph of the raw binary data Raw data The two fields Bit length 0 and Bit length 1 show the distribution of bit lengths as computed from the sampled data The following example shows the bit length distribution for a PICCOLO MK6 signal The measured values at 20 Baud 50 ms 10 Baud 100 ms and 5 Baud 200 ms may easily be seen They 100 0 06 12 1996 14 12 21 30 35 46 45 58 Baud 38 35 46 45 58 4120 6 140 6 HIBB B 418B B 1138 Hz JShift 1HGHz Intern Jirans Fra a Hz correspond to the data transi tions 1 2 and 3 Using this display any type of transmission may be analysed in terms of baud rates or tone duration By selecting the menu field Cursor for Baud a graphic cur sor may be used to move over the graph to allow measurement of data The field Cursor io Pa Baud shows the current value at the cursor position It should be
165. e TTL or CMOS lt 5 V Data strobe External negative or positive 400 4000 Hz 12 bit Max 2 Vpp lt 100 Ohm TECHNICAL DATA DSP FSK F1B Demodulator Center frequency Frequency shift Data rate DSP MARK SPACE Demodulator Center frequency Frequency shift Data rate DSP 4FSK F7B Demodulator Center frequency Frequency shift Data rate DSP MFSK Demodulator Center frequency Data rate Frequency Amount of shift tones DSP FFSK Demodulator Center frequency Frequency shift Data rate DSP GFSK Demodulator Center frequency Frequency shift Data rate DSP CW Demodulator Center frequency Bandwidth Keying speed DSP AM FAX Demodulator Standard AM carrier frequency Transmission bandwidth BPSK Demodulator AF input frequency HF input frequency IF input frequency Center frequency Symbol rate range range range QPSK Demodulator AF input frequency HF input frequency IF input frequency Center frequency Symbol rate range range range APPENDIX PAGE 4 DSP DEMODULATOR 0 6 KHz 16 0 KHZ 10 3500 10 3000 Hz Baud 0 6 KHz 16 0 KHZ 10 3500 10 300 Hz Baud 0 6 KHz 16 0 KHZ 30 gt 3500 1Q 1200 Hz Baud 0 6 KHz 16 0 KHZ 4 ms 10 10 Hz 3 up to 64 0 8 KHz 16 0 KHz 10 1600 10 9600 00 ms 500 Hz simultaneous 0 Hz Baud 0 8 KH
166. e continuous baudrate measurement continuous baudrate indication update very high resolution up to 0 001 Baud depending on signal quality and measurement interval Autocorrelation Autocorrelation rapid determination of periodicity up to 200 000 bits full screen X Y cursor positioning with trackball X Y zoom to full screen size continuous numeric display of cursor position Alphabet and Bit Analysis F1B and F7B Bit Analysis graphical display with 5 2048 bits per line continuously adjustable display line length full screen trackball x y cursor positioning user adjustable cursor step interval user alphabet selection logical symbol display of extracted bit patterns simultaneous display of LTRS FIGS levels for normal or inverted signal polarity simultaneous display of FIGS LTRS levels for normal or reversed bit patterns continuous calculation and display of the number of bit combina tions user adjustable bit interleave length with graphical marking of bit positions Bit Length Analysis Bit Length real time sampling of the VI data with 10 us resolution automatic calculation and graphic display of bit length distribution graphic display of bit patterns with programmable resolution graphically adjustable display of bit patterns with points of measurements continuous calculation and display of bit p
167. e of available radio amateur lit erature is recommended for fur ther study of the packet radio system OPERATING MOCES PAGE 63 EP CuM 3 O Frequency range SATELLITE MODES System PCM 30 Baudrate 2 048 MBit s Modulation QPSK Signal source HDB 3 OPERATION MENU PCM PCM FFT Timeslot to DAC The W4100DSP has a separate in Using the function FFT the put for standard CCITT G 703 real time FFT analysis is acti 2 048 Mb s PCM data HDB3 coded vated This standard is used for land lines satellite links and ISDN The W4100DSP has an audio output fed form a DAC Digital Analogue The system has 32 sub channels Converter The signal processor each of 64 KBit s Thirty sub converts a selected digital sub channels time slots 1 15 and channel into an analogous sig 17 31 can contain any type of nal By selecting the menu item information Digital ISDN or mo Timeslot to DAC the converting dem data as well as digitised is started voice modem or fax transmis sions Sub channel 0 is used for An AF amplifier can be connected svnchronization and sub channel to the audio output to make the 16 for signalling contents of the sub channel au dible Modem fax and other The functions in the PCM menu digital data is heard as noise enable solution and control of Voice
168. e OFF dark after booting has been com pleted The video signal of the SWITCH 4 and 5 provide a toggle boot loader always follows the of the polarity of the sync sig H synch switch position nals The manufacturers of moni tors have not been able to agree SWITCH 2 indicates to the proc to a standard video sync polar essor whether the program will ity However modern monitors be loaded from the floppy drive will often be able to automati or the PC Host interface For cally sense the polarity The loading from the floppy drive correct position of switch 4 and the switch must be in position 5 must therefore be found de OFF For program development the pending of the type of monitor switch must be ON Thus software used As most monitors employ may be directly downloaded from negative sync signals switches 4 a PC AT Any changes will only and 5 may be left ON INSTALLATION PAGE 5 PC AT HOST INTERFACE This 40 pin plug placed next to possible simple and efficient the bank of dip switches pro software development The add on vides for directly downloading card is only available with the of software from a PC AT For source code To avoid damages this purpose a PC add on card the PC and W4100DSP should al manufactured by WAVECOM is nec ways be powered on or off simul essary This interface makes taneously EXTERNAL DEMODULATOR If an external demodulator is to This input is
169. e Seed The NOAA GEOSAT software has The orbiting satellites mav be been specifically tailored to received with an active antenna the transmissions of meteoro and a high qualitv VHF UHF re logical satellites Transmis ceiver An optimal receiving Sions are always at 120 rpm us station allows reception for ap ing an IOC of 576 In contrast proximately 20 minutes before to short wave stations which use th satellit has moved below frequency modulation satellite the horizon The AF output of weather images are transmitted the receiver may be fed directly using amplitude modulation For into the W4100DSP which con this purpose the W4100DSP is verts the W4100DSP to a weather fitted with a DSP AM demodulator image viewing station providing with an integrated FIR softwar xcellent image quality low pass filter The Phase function is very im The software is started in auto portant for this mode If the matic mode by clicking the start synchronization is missed BRuto field or the Manual the video image may still be field for manual mode In manual aligned and positioned without mode the correct display of the problems image is controlled using the Phase function Polarization problems occur with orbiting satellites resulting in In the Demodulator submenu the reception gaps of up to 2 min special function fields AM utes An active antenna obtain Gai
170. e aircrew be alerted to its non transmission If an uplink message is found in error the airborne equipment will generate a negative ac knowledgement NAK which trig gers an uplink retransmission Retransmission is also triggered bv timeout Positive acknowledgement from the aircraft consists of the transmission of the Uplink Block Identifier of the correctly re ceived block Positive acknowl the range to J in the Mod field of the downlink message The ground station may use ei ther 2 or the range to an th mod field All ground stations support Category A but may uplink to in the Mode field The WAVECOM software translates the ground station address also called the Logical Channel Num ber to a number in the range Ona A station will transmit after having monitored the HF channel for traffic otherwise it waits until the channel is clear If a collision occurs between the packets of two stations trans mitting at the same time they will back off and new transmis sion intervals will be set by random interval timers in the radio equipment At the receiving end a block check calculation is made and compared to the calculation ap pended to the packet by the transmitting station If the downlink messages contains er rors no response will be given and the transmitting station will retransmit the
171. e center frequency and that the lower scales have a bandwidth This sets up a pre higher precision but at the filter allowing the tools to b xpense of a lower display rate used on signals where there is out of band interference or when ther ar mor than one Simultaneous channels To start the FFT measurement in Phase Analysis select FFT Hold Measurem and select a bandwidth Now configure the steep flanked bandpass filter by using the cursors and then sav The Filter More and Filter Less adjust the filtering on display Depending on the signal data content it may be found that more filtering is required to see the peaks clearly Once you are satisfied you have the correct symbol rate determined with the measurement the values by selecting Set Filter The menu now switches back to FFT Phase modulated transmissions may be multi level e g 16 DPSK Thus a phase change value may represent more than one logical symbol hence the term symbol rate An example is 16 cursor 1 or 2 or the difference between 1 and 2 click Select Rate This will transfer the value and start the PSK Phase Plane analysis tool There are two modes for the PSK Phase Plane Analysis 1 Synchronous mode and 2 Asynchronous mode ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 10 Back to t
172. e he phase plane is not visible quality of the signal When To quantify such signals use using DPSK this provides and SYNC Mode Phase Plane in SYNC Mode and a 8 DPSK Signal 12 16 1998 09 22 50 e oss e morna Demodulator Hold Time SYNC Mode Sumb 100 0 PSK Rate Anal Intern Trans Frq ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 12 HF CODE ANALYSIS OPERATING MENU CODE ANALYSIS Code Check Sgnal Analysis Full Auto Mode Manual Baudrate Full Scan IASis on Demodulator The purpose of the Code Analy sis is to determine the mode of transmission baud rate shift and centre frequency The soft ware allows the fully automatic determination of operating mode Presently the Wavecom software when a measurement has to be re peated or when the baudrate is already known As a new feature the Fast Scan or Full Scan functions are available The extremely fast determination in Fast Scan includes more than fifty operat ing modes To quickly identify an operating mode then becomes mode is due to an additional valuation of the measured baud increasingly difficult to even the trained user Often known systems apparently without rea son change baud rate e g ARQ E3 from 48 to 50 or ARQ E to 75 Baud The baud rate itself is therefore a limited indicator of the transmission in use Code Analysis is start
173. e top screen status messages field AND LEVEL BARGRAPH The Tuning Indicator is a tuning In conjunction with the DSP ad aid Most data transmission ditional logic circuitry pro modes utilize two keying fre duces a continuous stable indi quencies Mark and Space When cation very similar to the SLOW correctly tuned these two fre AGC function of a short wave re quencies will be placed symmet ceiver rically to the centre of the tuning indicator the centre of When correctly adjusted all display line A detailed in green bar elements will be struction on how to tune cor turned on if a very strong sig rectly is found in the nal is present When a red LED Introduction section of this is continuously on the demodu manual lator is overloaded Level ad justment is made in the The LEVEL indicator indicates DEMODULATOR GAIN menu the level of the input signal INTRODUCTION PAGE 14 cro Rs OF EEI 5S The ENTER ESCAPE CURSOR UP CURSOR DOWN CURSOR RIGHT AND CURSOR LEFT keys may substitute he trackball Using the Up own Left and Right cursor keys desired menu field may be elected The selected function s then activated using the EN ER key or the succeeding sub IOA TA These LEDs display the B and Y levels also called Mark and Space detected by the demodula tor or a digital input via the EXTERN DEMODULATOR input VI DATA is used
174. e with DATA ON or DATA OFF The host PC terminal protocol must take care of the Tr G n 5 Jaso distinction between W 4100DSP command responses and decoded data at the remote interface A to disable issuing any possible solution is data output before remote commands COMMAND DATA The command DATA 0ON enables the output of the decoded data to the Remote Control interface The following points should how ver be noted When the system state changes to or from REMOTE mode DATA is internally set to OFF After a PORTxx O0OFF com mand has been received th data output is stopped e When a transition from WPORTxx OFFU to PORTxx ON occurs the data output will resume if DATA ON has been previously re ceived TRANSPARENT DATA The output of the transparent data is alwavs routed to the se rial interface tl and the remote port if opened by a DATA ON command No output is sent to the Centronics interface ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 50 REMOTE CONTROL EXAMPLES Every command and response is terminated with a CR The W 4100DSP uses the prompt character gt when acknowledging all defined and correct com mands and as a termination character after responses and other data out put Requests are formed by appending a question mark and CR to the ap propriate com
175. ection of the baud rate Full duplex systems transmit the RQ character after having de ARQ N uses th ARQ 1A alphabet tected an erroneous characters like ARQ E Character inver or in the presence of excessiv Sion as in the case of ARQ E or Signal distortions The remote ARQ E3 is not defined for ARQ station subsequently repeats the N The lack of the inversion last three characters preceded makes it impossible to automati by the RQ character cally determin th length of the RO cycle However known To maintain synchronisation be systems operate exclusively with tween the two stations both a single RQ character and three transmitters operate continu repeated characters ously and send the idle bit pat tern if no traffic is transmit Signal polarity USB or LSB ted OPERATING MODES PAGE 11 ARQ M2 342 AND ARQ M2 242 Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 96 0 and 200 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF ARQ M2 342 AND ARQ M2 242 OPERATING MENU ARQ M2 342 Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 85 7 Baud 96 0 Baud 200 0 Baud 96 0 Baud var LIRS FIGS A LIRC FIGS B Rint Auto ARQ M2 342 and ARQ M2 242 sy the distortion or fading becomes stems operate at speeds of 85 7 excessive This results in the 96 or 20
176. ed access to the aggregate channel line or radio link in well defined time slots To keep pace with the in g bitstream the aggregate hannel speed must be the sum of he speed of the individual hannels All channels must have dentical speeds However a hannel subdivision scheme has Q O 3 H 5 5 ciency of the compression tech niqu These techniques are used in commonly known compression software like PKZIP ARJ and LHARC Compression is used in the PACTOR mode FDM a modulated In frequency multiplex carrier frequency is with a number of sub carriers within a standard telephony channel from 0 3 kHz to 3 kHz Each sub carrier carries a data signal The sub carriers may be amplitude frequency or phase modulated The more common is narrow shift frequency modula n standardized so that up to our sub channels may share one hannel Q ERO OSR a a The overwhelming majority of ra dio data systems will transmit the individual bits of a code word one after the other in se rial transmission But real time or high volume data systems like digitised secure voice computer network access and image or file transfer often uses parallel transmission The serial code words are fed to a serial to parallel converter and then to the sub carrier modulators of a FDM INTRODUCTION PAGE 23 ENCRY PT ION To protect data transmissions against intercept
177. ed in full automatic mode by selecting the Full Auto Mode menu field In the case of FEC and DUPLE systems the baud rate shift an centr frequency is normall very reliably determined case of SIMPLEX systems the presence of noise in the block sx Ox intervals may lead to false measurements Therefore Code Analysis also offers an option to start the analysis manually in the Manual Baudrate menu field The Centr Frequency and Shift values may be set using the trackball or cursor keys After a baud rate value has been en tered the code check starts with the programmes values The manual start is advantageous rate Using Fast Scan only those systems are evaluated which are known to use the meas ured baud rate In Full Scan all operating modes ar valu ated independent of the baud rate If Code Analysis does not rec ognize a mod th cod check should be repeated using Full Scan Th measurement may be restarted without a previous baud rate determination in case of heavy fading or disturbances by selecting the Manual Baudrate menu field If an operating mode is uniquely identified the software will change into the actual operating mode and decoding is initiated with the measured values of mode baud rate shift and cen tre frequency If two or more different systems are identified or if too many transm
178. ed pattern is often used for synchronization pur poses TELEGRAPH SPEED BITRATE AND BAUDRATE The bitrate is the number of If four vels were used below bits transmitted per second measured in bps The telegraph speed or baudrate is the inverse of the duration the baudrate would still be 100 Bd but now the bitrate would be doubled to 200 bps each baud representing two bits of one channel signalling unit By signalling levels is meant and has the unit Baud Bd So the different values a signal if one channel signalling unit ling unit may assume for bi has a duration of 10 ms then the telegraph speed is equal to 1 0 001 100 Bd If the channel has only two signalling levels e g OV and 5V bitrate is equal to baudrate i e 100 bps nary signalling it is two lev els but many systems utilize more than two levels For radio transmission the levels may be represented by frequency phase or amplitude levels SHIFT MARK AND SPACE In principle to transmit tele graph information on a radio path you only need a transmitter which is keyed on and off How ever due to the high level of disturbances frequency shift keying FSK is used In this mode the transmitter is conti nouslv on but transmits alter ONE WAY TRAFFIC Traffic between users may be handled in a number of ways de pending on requirements and e
179. edgement at all was re rection at a time While it is ceived This procedure is re possible in principle to employ peated approximately once per FEC ARQ is mainly employed second By transferring the necessary control sequences a When employing ARQ a data block change of direction is continu of distinctive length e g 30 ously possible bits and with additional con trol information is transmit Based on historic reasons these ted This permits the receiving tvpe of svstems are designated station to perform an error as simplex systems in spite of check their half duplex characteris tics A decisive factor in the After transmitting a data block choice of svstem is the cost the direction of transmission Full duplex svstems need an is changed The receiving sta other antenna with its own mast tion informs the transmitting displaced from the first one station whether the received another receiver and a remote data block must be repeated control system for the dis Then the direction of transmis placed receiver S MPI BEZE MOD E S Frequency f1 Data Terminal Simplex ARQ amp Transceiver Equipment Simplex ARQ Data Terminal Equipment Transceiver INTRODUCTION PAGE 27 FEC MODES HF EEC M DES MENU FEC Analysis FEC A STORFEC S FEC AUTOSPEC SPREAD 1 1 SPREAD 21 SPREAD 51 HNG FEC RUM FEC DUPFEC 2 EC modes Forward Error Cor ection base on a one way data
180. eiver data connector for 2 048 Mbps PCM interface BNC connector for AF input BNC connector for HF input BNC connector for 455 kHz IF input BNC connector for 10 7 Mhz IF input BNC connector for 21 4 Mhz IF input PROCE SSOR UNIT gt o o TMS34010 Graphics System processor 32 bit CMOS processor with host interface 50 Mhz system clock with 166 ns execution time 8 MB system DRAM 0 5 MB video DRAM APPENDIX PAGE 2 16 kB SRAM with battery backup 256 kB BOOT EPROM Floppy controller WD37C65C UART 16C452 HDLC USART VL85C30 RTC 72421 gt T E _ E Ee CC Text 80 characters x 26 lines VGA graphics 640 x 480 pixels 16 colours and or grey levels VGA PC compatible H sync V sync or C sync with selectable polarity ef o o D EMO D U LAT OF Signal processor I DSP56002 66 Mhz Program memory I 192 KB SRAM 20 ns Data memory I 192 KB SRAM 20 ns Signal processor II DSP56002 66 Mhz Program memory II 192 KB SRAM 20 ns Data memory II 192 KB SRAM 20 ns 16 bit A D converter ADC16071CIN Frequency synthesis using direct digital synthesis DDS HSP45102 PCM 30 encoder PCM PLL MV1442 2 048 Mbps encoder AF output 12 bit D A converter DAC AD667 Digital Receiver Input SSI DSP56001 2 Standard Format L ENNI T E R EAC EE SS AF Input Frequency range 0 4 8 kHz Bandwidth 3 kHz Resolution l 90 AZ Signal level gt 10 mv 5 V Input impedan
181. el 3 CH 3 the TSC responses may be delayed by 6 slots WT 6 no subdivision of the tains 4 random access timeslots N 4 A radio unit calls another unit with the same prefix AHY P 79 11 760 12 770 D 0 P 0 CHK 1 E 0 AD 0 General availability check on the called D 0 unit 760 I1 760 sent before allocating a traffic channel The TSC is checking if the called unit is ready for a data call CHK 1 The calling party 770 I2 770 is requesting a non emergency transaction No data codeword AD 0 is appended to this AHY message GTC P 79 11 760 CH 427 12 770 N 0 Calling unit 770 and called unit 760 are directed to proceed with traffic on channel 427 CH 427 The next frame contains no time slots N 0 A broadcast message BCAST SYSDEF 5 SYS 20265 CH 520 SPARE 0 RSVD 00 ADJ 2 Gives idle radio units an oppor tunity to use the next timeslot to assess signal strength SYSDEF 5 on control channel 20265 serial 520 CH 520 of system SYS 20265 having local number 2 ADJ 2 OPERATING MOCES PAGE 55 NOAA GEOSAT Frequency range SATELLITE MODES Svstem NOAA GEOSAT Drum speed 120 RPM Modulation INDIRECT AM Receiver setting AM 12 KHz narrow Signal source AF oniv NOAA GEOSAT OPERATING MENU NOAA GEOSAT Analysis Auto Manual Demodulator Options Phase Zoom Fin
182. es between VOT and 1 low and high bit precedes the data block This leader has a dura tion of 2 0 seconds Digital MARK 1 is represented by a frequency of 1870 Hz and SPACE by 1700 Hz The dot pattern is followed by a called the The characters no 108 are alternately for 1 2 seconds phasing preamble 125 and no transmitted This sequence is followed by the data block with different con trol characters and the message Each data byte consists of 7 data bits and 3 parity bits Thus the duration of each char acter is 100 ms The mode was developed by the Australian CODAN PTY and is word synchronization sequenc very Similar to GMDSS DSC OPERATING MODES PAGE 24 COQDVUELET s Frequency range HF MODES System MFSK Tone duration 37 5 or 75 0 ms Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF Coqruelet 8 OPERATING MENU Coquelet 8 Analysis Demodulator Options Tone 37 50ms Tone 50 00ms_ Dne 75 00 ms Force LIRSHGS IA 2 Coquelet 8 is a MFSK Multiple second group are not defined Frequencv Shift Keving svstem and like the PICCOLO translates Coquelet 8 is a svnchronous svs an ITA 2 character to a sequenc tem with a tone duration 75 0 ms of two tones or 37 5 ms One ITA 2 character is transmitted i
183. es A A AR NL A IE EA PHD HR ji AN DE aa EAE e A ser a A e III ATTI ET EE LO HZ f A i a rt ea Tj TE TE E a T seal NLL A A A tra AI JA E E a O A E E Cr AbeT Co OS oe OA CRC Ee CE Erna Sec E LAOO PHS f a aa e jj e FE SEA asta nae IG Se cos Ne A ensue ate TAA mae ena KERA nn a O EEE pa in A e E A o a Mr Rec aiiaicts a A A A A Ar fee T BOO PP A A A A PAPA qosalesuectees seaiesd A TARARAEA B Hz Cursor 1 C amp 2 Clicking LP Filter inserts a low pass filter for filtering the sel cal system tones The value of the filter should be adjusted to avoid serious tone distortion A rule of thumb value is 1 6 times the baudrate The actual value may be calculated so tfilter ms Baudrate 1 6 2 1000 The filter range is 1 100 ms Using the Span menu the resolu tion of the frequency axis may be increased The steps are 3 000 Hz analogue selcal systems 1 500 600 and 300 Hz From the Center Frq menu the center frequency may be adjusted It is important to readjust the center frequency whenever the fr quency Span axis is increased Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 are used for measurement of the moni tored data Both cursors may be moved in x and y directions for the ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 21 frequency and time axis The in stantaneous values are continuously displayed below the analysis dis play field Clicking Cursor 1 amp 2 will change the position of both c
184. esented by the codeword 10110 As w hav five bits which can assume one of two pos Sible states we are able to rep resent 25 32 characters How ever the number of all letters figures and special characters add up to more than 32 There fore a trick is employed ITA 2 makes distinction between two cases lower letters case and upper figures case Shifting between thes cases is accom plished bv special shift charac ters In this manner it is pos sible to transfer 2 x 32 6 58 characters the last six are subtracted becaus they have same functions in either case SYNCHRONISATION To enable the receiving end of a data or telegraph link to inter pret the received codewords in a meaningful way the receiver must first be synchronized to the incoming bitstream and next achieve codeword phase Basi cally the receiver will search for a certain bit pattern in the bitstream and when found trans mitter and receiver are synchro nized Before the widespread use of electronic circuits all tele graph devices were of electro mechanical nature and therefore prone to mechanical wear and tear This in turn necessitated comparatively large tolerances and made stable synchronization over even short periods diffi cult To overcome this serious problem the ITA 2 alphabet adopted what is known as start stop or asynchronous operation which achie
185. f the se is selected lected demodulator is displayed INTRODUCTION PAGI GI A FULLSCREEN MENU The W4100DSP offers two ap proaches for software menu con trol One option is to use the menu field in th lower left hand screen part The other option is to use a full screen menu by double clicking th lower left hand trackball key The full screen menu displays the modes in al phabetical order By turning the trackball ball a mode an analy set up menu sis function or th may be selected FELDHELL NOAA GEOSAT PICCOLO MK6 PICCOLO MK12 SELCAL ANALOG SITOR FEC SPREAD 11 SPREAD 21 TWINPLEX WEATHER FAX ZVJET UDEW HNG FEC Clicking the left hand trackball key or pressing the front plate ENTER key will activate the selected function AUTO MODE is always activated if this mode is available It is possible to select the full screen menu from any func tion Pressing the right hand trackball key or the front plate ESCAPE key will clear the full screen menu and the MAIN MENU will appear in the operator field ERMES GOLAY INFOCALL METEOSAT RUM FEC SITOR AUTO SITOR ARO SPREAD 51 SWED ARG i723 Hz Shift 25GHz L Intern Trans Fra 8 Hz INTRODUCTION PAGE 5 THE DEMODULATOR WINDOW EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE AF INPUT Active de Display limits Tuning display A
186. he ICAO calling known as ANNEX10 30O SR and MG A n 1985 using SA to M SI In 1994 svstem also was extended with the additional tones P and now oper ates with 16 tones The allocation of selective call addresses is exclusivelv managed ICAO SELCAL TONE ALLOCATION ICAO SHCAL MFK Analysis Demodulator Options Sart ICAO selective calling was ini by Aeronautical Radio Inc ARINC ICAO Designator Selcal Registry pairs of Both pairs 1000 ms Each address consists of two tones e g AB CD have a duration of Between each pair an interval of 200 ms is inserted ICAO Selcal is used on all fre quency bands HF and VHF UHF RI Tr wi bo tal bo by Oy ba ad MO bo bd o oe Bo d AM Designation 1 E D A B LA H E E AM We D7 AM m rr AM AU WE E E E A E E MA MA H E A A A D O A a a O G a Oe Oe Oe a A o P LA NGA H MM JIL K kis LA M pr SO R LA WI S LA Frequencv H 34 2 346 384 426 473 524 582 1 645 716 1 794 881 977 1083 1202 1333 1479 ONDA O Aa FP O Ww oO U O W z OPERATING MOCES PAGE 48 INFOCALI Frequency range VHF UHF MODES Svstem PAGER Baudrate 1200 Bit s Modulation DIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 15 KHz narrow Signal sour
187. he PSK Phase Rate Signal is selected this will analysis menu the Center xxx result in a phase display that allows the center frequency for provides an indication of the the demodulator transferred from type of PSK or PAM signal The the previous FFT measurement to display points will trace the be adjusted An error in the path taken as the signal phases center frequency normally change At the nominal signal results in a phase plane that is mapping points there is rotated by an amount normally an accumulation of data proportional to the frequency points providing a visual clue error to the total signal mapping The Hold Time adjusts the The frequency of th referenc number of points displayed on signal is set using the Ref I the screen Increasing the hold Q xxx option Note that if the time increases the amount of reference frequency is time a dot will remain in the incorrect the display rotates image befor being overwritten at a rate that is the difference by a new value between the reference frequency and the true carrier frequency In ASYNC mode the signal is not of the signal When adjusting demodulated at all Instead the th referenc signal the phase of the signal is visually changes are live This means compared with an internal high that changes you make have stability reference signal immediat ffect and resulting Providing the correct referenc change in the phase displav is PHASE PLANE IN ASYNC MODE AND A 16 DPSK SIG
188. he clip just above the ON OFF switch A 1 A slow blow replace ment fuse for 115 Volts 2 A slow bow is required Due to the power on current surge through the EMI filter fuses with lower ratings may not suf fice t ct SIGNAL INTERFERENCES All microprocessors emit a large increase in interference strong broadband noise signal through their control and data lines To minimize this radia tion all WAVECOM decoders are fitted with HF chokes on their outputs In addition a sturdy metal case is used to attenuate noise emissions Antenna installation The antenna is the main factor influencing the presence of in terfering signals A well designed long wire antenna in stalled well clear of anv ob structions and which is cor rectly matched to the receiver levels due to mismatching This Situation may be remedied by in serting an antenna tuner matching device between an tenna and receiver HF Cabling All HF cabling inside the build ing should be done using shielded HF cables Grounding The best grounding for the svs tem is the cold water mains in a building Hot water or heating are not necessarily grounded Good effective grounding of the input seldom shows up interfer ence problems In setups where an active antenna is deployed in very close proximity to the de coder or monitor interference receiving equipme
189. hen in the system win by pressing the left hand track dow the mode SITOR the baud ball key this mode may be acti rate and the system status vated For instance after acti PHASING will be displayed vating the SITOR ARQ mode the while the software will attempt menu for this mode is displayed to synchronize on a SITOR ARQ containing the fields Signal signal Ao Mae ysi sT yp RB uk oy Demodulator Options 100 0 If it is desired to leave the Baud 96 0 Baud var and activated function this is sim Force letter ply done by clicking the right hand trackball key and the pre The SITOR ARQ mode will start if ceding menu will appear one of the fields 100 0 Baud DEMODULATOR FIELD In the tuning indicator field a In the Active Shift field the bargraph is displayed The width amount of shift is displayed of the indication is automati cally related to the selected In the Active Data Input shift Additionally the limits field internal or external de of the shift indication is dis modulator is indicated played on each side of the indi cator The Translation Frequency field indicates the selected In the Active Demodulator translation frequency field th selected demodulator type is displayed The Signal Source field indi cates whether the AF HF 455 In the Centre Frequency field kHz 10 7 MHz or 21 4 MHz source the centre frequency o
190. ied svs tem is displayed in the System detected field The decoded text is simultaneously displayed in letters and figures case in the Traffic Data field Some telegraphy modes are very difficult to distinguish espe cially when the system is in IDLE mode The decoded text to gether with the readable special characters IDLE a IDLE b and RQ are additional important classi fication aids in determining the correct mode In case of the ITA 2 alphabet the two cases LTRS letters and FIGS figures are displayed The LTRS and FIGS shift charac ters are displayed as special characters but is otherwise ig nored by the software In case of ITA 5 ASCII systems only one data line is displayed as the ITA 5 alphabet has no LTRS FIGS shift Received characters in error are displayed in red If typical pa rameters of another system are detected in the identified mode all characters are displayed in red Thus in addition some modes as e g SITOR FEC and POL ARQ may be distinguished and auto matically displayed ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 14 The test for asynchronous Baudot transmissions with possible stop bits of half a bit length dura tion is performed using a spe cial process The software tests the decoded binary data against valid start stop bit patterns he sampling of data and the ontinuous test for kn
191. igital PCM input of the lite demodulators and ISDN W4100DSP utilizes a standard in lines The PCM input is employed terface Input must conform to when decoding 2 048 Mb s PCM the digital HDB3 signal format Signals Via the DSP processors a channel is selected and output This input is compatible with to a digital analog converter the output interface of satel INSTALLATION PAGE 6 DIGCTAL IN INPUT The DIGITAL IN input of the W4100DSP utilizes a standard in terface Modern digital HF and VHF UHF receivers emploving DSP Digital Signal Processing AE OUT The AF OUT output it the W4100DSP utilizes a standard in terface It has a 12 bit D A digital analog converter fol techniques have direct digital output interfaces The W4100DSP decodes this input signal The interface conforms to the RACAL standard oU T POT lowed by a low pass filter The output may be the AF signal of a PCM channel or it may be used as an output for test signals INSTALLATION PAGE 7 SERIAL INTERFACES RS 232 1 AND RS 232 2 At serial interface 1 data is available in serial format This interface is software config ured The REMOTE CONTROL RS 232 in terface is used for remoting the W4100DSP If a printer is con nected to a serial interface it is necessary to ensure that com patibility exists between send ing and receiving equipment The following p
192. ignal to produce a meaningful display The ASYNC Mode will also produce a useful display for many PAM signals ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 9 DPSK PACTOR II at a symbol rate of 100 Baud but with an effective bit rate of 400 bps To determin th symbol rate the PSK Symbol Rate analysis tool is provided This tool provides a spectrum display with 3 zoom levels and allows you to measure the symbol rate using Cursor 1 and Cursor 2 A PSK signal will normally produce multiple peaks Normally but not always the symbol or baud rate will be the obvious peak at the highest frequency The other peaks are normally some fraction of the true symbol rate To automatically find the two highest peaks click Cursor 1 Peak and Cursor 2 Peak If a peak function is enabled a removed from th measurement The Real time FFT is used for indication TE both TAT sare determining an estimate of th removed th differenc between signal center frequency and peak l and peak 2 is also signal bandwidth This must be displaved done with setting of the measurement cursors Starting For signals with low symbol the phase analysis tools takes rates select a different the information from the resolution using Scale The measurement cursors and uses range options are 0 500 0O this information to configure 100 and 0 4000 Baud Note th
193. incoming data real time multitasking kernel for concurrent control and decoding ARQ ACARS ALI ALI ARO I ARO I S 2 GI CI ARO N ARQ M2 242 VHF air ground communications svstem 2400 BCD Bit s ASCLL NRZI ITA 5 Simplex ARQ Svstem 228 66 Ba ITA 2 Alp ud HF simpl 240 82 Ba 8FSK 720 ITA 5 ud Single channel Duplex Baud h paritv 48 288 ITA 2 wit Single channel Duplex Baud habet 48 288 ITA 3 Alp Single c 967 192 Baud TDM Duplex RI Bit s symbol hannel Duplex habet ex ARO system ITA 2 with parity EC242 96 and 87 Ba Alphabet ITA ud 3 rate System System System ARQ M2 342 ARQ M4 242 ARO M4 342 ARO N ARO6 90 ARQ6 98 ASCII ATIS AUTOSPEC BAUDOT BULG ASCII CODAN TDM Duplex REC342 2 96 200 and 87 Baud Alphabet ITA 3 TDM Duplex REC242 192 and 172 Baud Alphabet ITA 3 TDM Duplex REC342 2 192 and 172 Baud Alphabet ITA 3 HF single channel duplex ARQ svstem 96 192 Baud ITA 2 with paritv Simplex ARQ Svstem 200 Baud Alphabet Sitor Simplex ARQ Svstem 200 Baud Alphabet Sitor Asynchronousousous System 50 1200 Baud Alphabet ITA 5 Bulgarian Alphabet River Rhine identification svstem 1200 Baud BCD
194. info Info info Info Into Info Info F1 F7 SC Info iinfo Idle Frames SC The example shows the transfer of a message of 350 bits in frame 3 The first 32 bits of frame 3 are filled with the ad dress codeword Add Then fol low 4 1 2 frames equivalent to 9 x 32 bits which extend up to the next synch word SC The re maining 62 bits fit into fram 32 9 x 32 288 bit to send a 62 2 new address needs a new synch new address it is filled with IDLE codes until a to be sent or word occurs POCSAG mode uses quency modulation ing is only possible from the receiver IF 0 Should the frame containing the end of a message not require direct fre Proper decod output 455 kHz 10 7 MHz or 21 4 MHz OPERATING MOCES PAGE 69 P O LL ARG Frequency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 100 0 or 200 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF POL ARQ OPERATING MENU FOL ARQ Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 100 0 Baud 200 0 Baud 96 0 Baud var Force LIRSHGS POL ARQ operates at a speed of 100 and 200 Baud on the radio link To synchronise to this operating tiates a request for repetition cycle RQ when transmission er rors occur To maintain synchronisation be
195. ion various methods are in use Encryption may be on line or off line On line encryption takes places at transmission time whereas off line encryp tion is done before transmis sion usually in the form of coding the clear language mes sage into five letter or five figures groups This is done by a key sequence Bit inversion inverts logical tern depending on the value of the codeword Bit transposition replaces bits in one position in a codeword with bits in another position Shift register encryption uses one or more shift registers into which the clear language message is shifted and extorted with a key or part of itself Taps in various positions of the regis ters may feed bits back to the input to complicate decryption by interceptors The shift registers of the transmitting zeroes of a codeword with logi cal ones and vice versa either in a static pattern e g bit 3 and bit 5 or in a dynamic pat and receiving equipment must be initialised to the same value the seed DATA PROTECTION Due to the unstable nature of the radio media especially in case of HF links a number of techniques have been devised to protect data and ensure a high degree of error free transmis sion This is especiallv impor tant for the transmission of en crypted information To protect the data extra re dundant information must be added to the data to be pro
196. ions for trunked private land mobile radio sys A trunked network is controlled tems have won general an de by a fixed base station TSC facto acceptance in Europe MPT Trunked System Controller Wide 1327 specifies the general sig areas requiring radio coverage nalling features whereas MPT are divided into cells each of 1343 specifies the actual system which is controlled by a TSC interface to be used on the The TSCs are connected to a hub trunked system The system is and are controlled by a Manage used in the UK France Germany ment Controller The TSCs regis Chekker Lizenz A Switzerland ter roaming of the mobile units Speedcom and the Scandinavian and route traffic to the TSC countries NMT with national which is nearest to the sub adaptations scriber TSCs may be connected OPERATING MOCES PAGE 52 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Frequency range National allocations Channel spacing 12 5 kHz Duplex spacing 10 MHz Data modulation Indirect FFSK Access method Segmented ALOHA with dynamic frame length Bit rate 1200 bps Logical 0 1800 Hz Logical 1 1200 Hz Data format NZRI SIGNALISATION STRUCTURE IN THE ORGANISATION CHANNEL Address Address Address CCSC Codeword CCSC codeword CCSC codeword Wa N 1 time slot 128 bit NN f N Pa A A 15 416 16 16 N 0 SYS CCS Preamble Parity 64 bit 4 A x CCSC Control channel system codewor
197. is installed A hardcopy of the screen display PRINT SCREEN is only available from the front panel is possi ble for the colour printers HP PaintJet HP DeskJet 500C HP DeskJet 550C HP Deskjet 560C HP Deskjet 660C and HP DeskJet 850C Later printer models from HP mostly can be used with one of the available printer driv ers The two Serial 1 and Serial 2 menus enable the configura tion of the two serial RS232 in The Test Screen function dis plays a circle with 16 different colours and a bar with 16 grey e e levels This function allows th control of th monitor and adjustment The Printer menu contains the Printer on off and Printer Type functions Printer activa tion starts by selecting the ap propriate menu field This is equivalent to utilizing the PRINT ON OFF key on the front panel The Printer Type menu terfaces 1 and 2 Serial interface 2 is reserved fer remote control of the W4100DSP Decoded data is output on the first serial interface The data are identical to the data output on the parallel Cen tronics interface Output on se rial interface 1 is always en abled Programming of the serial inter face configuration is done via a user friendly menu The parame ters Baud Rate Data Length Parity Bit and Stop Bit can be set Baud rate 3
198. is on off restarts moni After clicking MFSK Analysis toring COQUELET 13 MFSK ANALXSIS Cursor tl Fre Cursor fl Cursor 2 Fre Cursor 2 quency Value Time Value quency Value Time Value 2215 2155 2095 2035 1975 1915 1855 Hz 1795 Hz 1735 Hz 1675 Hz 1615 Hz SP 1915 Hz shift soooHz LP Filter Intern jirans Fra Hz Tracking Rate determines the sam pling rate The range is 1 15 ms default is 2 ms Clicking LP Filter inserts a low pass filter for filtering the sel cal system tones The value of the filter should be adjusted to avoid serious tone distortion A rule of thumb value is 1 6 times the baudrate The actual value may be calculated so Ef i dite ms Baudrate 1 6 2 1000 The filter range is 1 100 ms Using the Span menu the resolu tion of the frequency axis may be increased The steps are 3 000 Hz analogue selcal systems 1 500 600 and 300 Hz ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 23 From the Center Frq menu the center frequency may be adjusted It is important to readjust the center frequency whenever the fr quency Span axis is increased Cursor 1 and Cusor 2 are used for measurement of the monitored data Both cursors may be moved in x and y directions for the fre quency and time axis The instanta neous values are continuously dis played below the analysis di
199. ission errors occur no automatic change over takes place ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 13 HF CODE ANALYSIS VIDEO DISPLAY detected system System being evaluated Signal parameters Shift baudrate and center Text output BU ZI level frequencv faluation FFT Baudr System in ev raluation ARQB 38 luation Detezted system Center frequency evaluation 228 7 Baud Traffic data LTRS AVEUR PUISQUE LIAISON 10C FIGs 374 078 173 8 8 9 89 Auto Mode Manual Baudrate Demodulator Signal Analysis IAS is off After activation of the Full Auto Mode the screen changes to display the fields Shift evaluation Centr frequency evaluation FET Baudrate evaluation System in evalua tion and a split field with Detected System and Traffic Data software initially determines the frequency shift centr frequency and the baud rate These values are displayed in the appropriate fields after the measurement has taken place The Wavecom 1763 Hz Shift 176Hz L Intern jTrans Fra 8 Hz The software then proceeds with code and system analysis The incoming bit stream is tested against known modes For some modes using a high interleaving depth e g RUM FEC large quan tities of input data are re quired These modes therefore require longer to test and are tested last The name of each identif
200. ission start Synchronisation is achieved by a long sequence at the start of HC ARQ was originally intended each block The start sequence for use in telephone line based consists of the bit pattern 1000 data transmission but it is 1011 10101 0010 and 16 subse also found on short wave OPERATING MODES PAGE 46 HONG EE C Frequency range HF MODES Svstem FEC Baudrate 100 05 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF HNG FEC Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 100 05 Baud 96 0 Baud Var ECC ison Force LIRS FGS Nor Polarity HNG FEC operates at a speed of of 64 bits each new character 100 05 Baud on the radio link starting at intervals of 15 bits The software synchronises HNG FEC uses with a 15 bit code to traffic as well as idle bit the first 5 bits corresponding patterns The idle binary bit to the ITA 2 alphabet The first pattern is given by 110 100 110 and last bit of this codeword 010 O11 are inverted Inv Nor Nor Nor Nor Inv The remaining 10 Transmission reliability FOr bits are used for error detec HNG FEC is good with the code tion and correction Error cor spread offering additional immu rection is done by table look up nity against burst errors of the character which matches closest the one that w
201. large number of closely spaced vertical lines indicates a very small period 7 to 15 bits small and asymmetric peaks indi cate that no distinct periodicity is present The presence of such small peaks may however be an indi cation of a very long period in the case of a very noisy graph periodicity can not be de termined without the Zoom function Such measurements indicate the fact that the system is transmitting data TRAFFIC One should then wait for an IDLE state or for some request RQ cycles for closer ex amination the graphic display only shows approximate wave forms This pecu liaritv is often evident in the ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAG SIMPLEX SYSTEM WITH A CORRELATION OF 111 BIT GI 32 Peak 1333 Cursor X pos Peak 1555 1444 bits me er el awn f Number of bitls sampled 2100 Autocorrelatijon done l l 1 A thi ka jii NU ji ki M i jid ii WI TA IT A tik Ni i shay i ERTI jal mm 1763 Hz Shift 220Hz L Intern Trans Fra a Hz case of simplex svstems but an ap By clicking on the Window Size proximate determination is field a purple under laid field ap however still possible pears By turning the trackball or by th up down left right keys this field can be enlarged or re duced horizontal and vertical In the case of a horizontal line without any peaks or deviations no
202. lators are tied to the corresponding modes and are automatically se lected menu field The Selected Mode is not displayed in this modes After activating the menu field the active demodulator type is displayed When moving the trackball ball the demodulator types will appear The selected demodulator is activated click ing the left hand trackball key Clicking the right hand track ball kev will leave the function without anv changes Ss EE EOE NU In this submenu the shift may be manually adjusted in steps of 1 Hz The trackball ball or the front plate cursor keys perform two functions Moving the ball for wards or backwards cursor keys UP or DOWN will change the value and moving the ball to the left or right cursor keys LEFT or RIGHT will move the decimal position Depending on the active mode the shift range is 50 Hz 3500 Hz HF modes indirect modes or 50 Hz to 16000 Hz direct modes INTRODUCTION PAGE 9 CI I TL FEI E E In this menu the center fre quency may be adjusted insteps of 1 Hz by moving the trackball ball or the front panel cursor keys An additional field displays the ffective center frequency which AF rang then th translation frequency will most likely be zero The modes using DIRECT modula tion POCSAG PACKET 9600 do not have a centre frequency and thus the
203. lick the left button Call Signs are stored in a FIFO First in first out buffer The ability to select call signs is useful when monitoring high activity channels It should be noted that call signs which have been previously selected do not appear in the list To deselect stations use the Remove Call field However the call sign will not be erased Clicking the Display Frames field causes it to change to Display lext In Display Frames mode all call signs and the entire packet contents are displayed whereas the Display Text mode limits the display to text packets only The use of the latter mode is sufficient in most cases since all call signs and the system stat ar dis played in any case on the status line For longer decoding ses Sions however the call signs should form part of the output The packet radio protocol is a derivative of the X 25 and HDLC computer network protocols Through the effort of American radio amateurs TAPR low cost equipment has become easily available and packet radio has become very popular Packet ra dio is a synchronous system and data is ASCII characters Infor mation is transferred in blocks frames At the start and end of each block a control character or flag 01111110 is sent The ad dress can consist of up to 80 characters but 16 or 24 ad dresses are most common when us ing direct connections
204. ly printed Only when receiving figure groups sepa rated by space characters the software will incorrectly shift to lower case IAS IS OFF rection to prevent drifting of the pre selected baud rate When the IAS function is disabled any pre selected variable baud rate Var 300 0 Baud will be treated in the same way as a fixed baud rate In most of the VHF UHF modes the IAS is permanently disabled This is due to the lack of phase coherenc between successive data blocks An exact measure for the ideal bit centr sam pling bit synchronism is com pletely independent of the IAS function and is always active The extremely accurate baud rate determination uses the number of necessary phase correction steps for the baudrate determination In modes with an interrupted data stream as Packet 300 it mav be advantageous to be able to switch off the baud rate cor ment of the phase shift is not possible for an extended period During bad propagation condi tions in the HF bands it may be advantage to activate the IAS function Based on the measured a te t nd reduced phase error smaller orrection values are used and hus bit glitches and the corre sponding loss of svnchronism are prevented INTRODUCTION PAGE 13 FRONT PANEL COMPONENTS S YX STEDDA LEi DO gt Six LEDs are placed on the front panel in the SYSTEM field The
205. mand The W4100DSP answers with Value Condition CR and gt n All invalid commands or requests are responded to by question mark and Man A request for an undefined status will give the response UNDEF CR and Man As long as AUTO MODE is active a status request will result in the re sponse AUTOS CRY WM A Th xamples below always are presented with the active generation CR gt CRY LF at transmission and receipt PC MASTER SENDS W4100DSP ANSWERS REMARKS Remote00 on gt Mode UNDEF no mode active gt Mode POCSAG gt Mode POCSAG mode active gt Status PHASING gt Shift 9000 Shift gt Translation 455000 Center frequency gt Mess typee o auto Pocsag message type gt Mode ARQ E AUTO gt Mode ARQ E AUTO Auto Mode selected gt Shift AUTO Auto Mode active gt Center AUTO Auto Mode active gt Status AUTO Auto Mode active gt Status IDLE Auto Mode finished gt Shift 170 Auto Mode measurement gt Baudrate 96 00 gt Auto Mode measurement Signal Source HF gt active Input ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 51 PC MASTER SENDS W 100DSP ANSWERS REMARKS Signal Source Translation 12500 Translation Gain 65 Signal Source Signal Source Translation 455000 Translation Alphabet BAGDAD 80 Alphabet Date 15 06 96 Date Mode Twinplex Mode Baudrate 100
206. ment due to price considerations For this reason the receiver should be fitted with a separate IF out put of 455 KHz with an output level of between 10 mV and 1 V OPERATING MOCES PAGE 50 METEQSAT Frequency range SATELLITE MODES System METEOSAT Drum speed 240 RPM Resolution IOC 288 Modulation INDIRECT AM Receiver setting AM 12 KHz narrow Signal source AF only METEOSAT OPERATING MENU METEOSAT Analysis Auto Manual Demodulator Options Phase Zoom Fine peed The METEOSAT software has been cial function fields AM Gain specifically tailored to the and AM Offset are placed Cen transmissions of meteorological terring of the signal deviations satellites Transmissions are on the bar graph is controlled always at 240 rpm using an IOC by adjusting AM Offset In ad of 288 In contrast to short dition maximum deviation is re wave stations which use fre quired on the bar graph This is quencv modulation satellite done bv adjusting AM Gain It weather images are transmitted should be noted that these two using amplitude modulation For adjustments are influenced by this purpose the W4100DSP is each other fitted with a DSP AM demodulator with an integrated software low Meteosat reception equipment pass filter even today
207. mission and error detection Data blocks usually The software automatically de consist of 5 or 6 characters tects SI ARQ block lengths of four five or six characters and One transmission cycle is made displays this information after up of twice the length of a phasing has been achieved The character block Should the in polarity of the signal is auto formation sending station ISS matically detected TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE OF SI ARQ AT 96 BAUD WITH FIVE CHARACTERS Five ITA 3 Characters Acknowledge Five ITA 3 Characters normal polarity Data Ready inverted polarity ISS Ccharl Char2 Char3 Char4Char5 Charl Char2 Char3Char4 Char5 IRS ACK 364 6 ms pai 364 6 ms ai 364 6 ms OPERATING MOCES PAGE 79 Ss LC F ELC Frequencv range Svstem Baudrate Modulation Receiver setting Signal sources HF MODES FEC 100 0 or SS B or DI 200 0 R Baud ECT FSK CW LS AF or IF B or USB SI FEC OPERATING MENU S FEO Analvsis Auto Demodulator Options 96 0 Baud 192 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force IRS AGS SI FEC operates at speeds of 96 The SI FEC mode uses the ITA 3 and 192 Baud on the radio link alphabet for data protection Each character is sent twice SI ARQ stations can switch to but spread in
208. modulated carrier with FSK Frequencv shift keving For decoding the receiver FM demodulator output is required Examples of INDI RECT modulation are PACKET 1200 ATIS analog and digital tone call systems Decoding is only possible from the receiver AF output L ND I EREC wre LMI Another method of INDIRECT modu lation subcarrier modulation uses AM carrier modulation which in turn is FSK modulated For decoding the receiver AM de modulator output is required ACARS is an example of this method Decoding is only possi ble from the receiver AF output INTRODUCTION PAGE 33 BAUDRATES SPEEDS AND CARRIER MODULATION TRANSMISSION MODE BAUDRATE SPEED CARRIER MODULATION ACARS 2400 INDIRECT AM ALIS 228 6 SSB ALIS 2 240 82 SSB ARQ E 48 64 72 75 86 96 192 288 SSB ARQ E3 48 50 96 100 192 SSB ARQ N 96 SSB ARQ M2 242 96 SSB ARQ M2 342 96 200 SSB ARQ M4 242 T92 SSB ARQ M4 342 192 SSB ARQ6 90 200 SSB ARQ6 98 200 SSB ASCII 110 150 300 SSB ATIS 1200 INDIRECT FM AUTOSPEC 68 5 SSB BAUDOT 45 50 75 100 180 SSB BULG ASCII 110 150 180 200 300 SSB CCIR 100 ms INDIRECT FM ECITT 100 ms INDIRECT FM CIS 11 100 SSB CIS 14 96 SSB CIS 36 10 20 40 SSB COQUELET 8 75 ms 37 50 ms SSB CO
209. mpressed ASCII propagation delay limits the system s distance to approxi Looking purely at monitoring mately 20 000 km the Huffmann code has the disad vantage that compression syn The PACTOR data block consists chronisation may be lost during of three sections header data propagation disturbances and so and control status and 16 bit the remaining text in the data CRC At 100 Baud the data field block is also lost is 64 bits and at 200 Baud it increases to 160 bits Block PACTOR is a frequent visitor in coding takes place according to the amateur radio bands In ad the CCITT standard starting with dition commercial users also the data section use this system For these ap plications the data protocol was PACTOR operates adaptively so changed The WAVECOM software the baud rate can be either 100 automatically detects and de or 200 Baud During day time 200 codes versions 1 to 5 Baud has been successfully used In the evening however strong Detailed descriptions of the propagation distortion occurs PACTOR protocols can be obtained which necessitates a reduction in the radio amateur literature in the bit rate to 100 Baud It must however be pointed out that real world PACTOR implemen PACTOR includes HUFFMAN data tation differs considerably from compression by design This these descriptions scheme relies on the fact that OPERATING MOCES PAGE 57 PACKET 300
210. n and TAM Offset are able in Holland mav alleviate placed Centring of the signal this problem deviations on the bar graph is controlled by adjusting AM Offset In addition maximum de viation is required on the bar graph This is done by adjusting AM Gain It should be noted eceiver should therefore have a that these two adjustments are uilt in automatic frequencv influenced bv each other control AFC capabilities ue to the Doppler effect the requencv of the received signal av change as much as 1000 Hz uring the reception period The COKOodho OPERATING MOCES PAGE 56 FPA Co Po rR Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 100 200 adaptive Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF PACTOR OPERATING MENU PACTOR Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 100 200 Baud PACTOR operates as a bit syn frequently occurring characters chronous simplex system in a e g space e n or i can be fixed timing cycle Th ntir represented with shorter bit cycle length is 1 25 seconds and combinations than characters the packet length 0 96 seconds which are rarely used A com Consequently the correlation pression factor of approximately amounts to 250 bits at 200 Baud 1 7 is achieved in comparison to The change over time and signal unco
211. n 75 or 150 ms In the case of Coquelet 8 the which is equivalent to 50 or 100 first group of tones contains 8 Baud Baudot with 1 5 stop bit tones and the second group the 7 5 Bit tones 5 8 Tones 1 4 of the TONE ASSIGNMENT OF COQUELET 8 Group 1 Tone Group II 2 Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 773 800 826 853 880 907 933 960 880 907 933 960 OPERATING MODES PAGE 25 COLCLUELET I1 3 Frequencv range HF MODES Svstem MFSK Tone duration 75 0 ms Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF Coquelet 13 OPERATING MENU Coquelet 13 Sgnal Analysis Demodulator Options Code Table 0 Tone 75 00ms Tone 50 00 ms Force LIRS FIGS MA 2 Coquelet 13 is an asvnchronous Coquelet 13 has a tone duration svstem and uses a start and idle of 15 ms which is equivalent to tone of 1052 Hz As for Co a 50 Baud Baudot transmission quelet 8 the first group con with 1 5 stop bit Two code ta tains 8 tones for keving and the bles are defined for this mode second group 4 tones TONE ASSIGNMENT OF COQUELET 13 Group 1 Tone Group II 2 Tone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 5 6 7 8 773 800 827 853 880 907 935 960 773 880 907 933 960 OPERATING MODES PAGE 26 CO
212. n Shift Normal Shift or contrast the measurement of a Narrow Shift can be done DIRECT modulation method can only be done using the receiver After selecting the menu field ma signal POCSAG ERSK INFO Hold Cursor on a submenu with CALL FFSK PACKET 9600 GFSK the fields Move Cursor 1 and GOLAY FFSK ERMES 4FSK and MO Move Career 420 will appear DACOM 4FSK belong to the direct f Signal sampling is stopped modulation methods The baudrat measurement is based on a new method of an autocorrelation and subsequent FFT calculation With this method most VHF UHF modes may be measured with high degree of precision The graphical display is used for the control of the measured values The frequency shift is also graphically displayed This al lows FSK FFSK GFSK and 4FSK modulation procedures to be eas ily recognized and analyzed Signal Analysis is started by selecting either the Large Shift Wide Shift Normal Shift or Narrow Shift menu fields Th respectiv maximum shift ranges are 22 000 Hz 10 000 Hz 4 000 Hz and 1 000 Using the trackball two cursors may be moved both plays s hift the The software dis difference and the relative value of the cursor positions to th th in Th WS th Frq th ways WAVI translation ECOM SHI e screen e easy determination of shifts FSK and 4FSK transmissions frequency in
213. ne onlv capabilitv falling in the overlap zone of adjacent cells receive the sam Numeric pagers Mode 2 message simultaneously To pre Individual parties receive their vent the condition that a base messages in the form of trans station onlv transmits for one mitted digits and some special third of the available time characters In this way for ex stations are usually equipped to ample th telephon number handle four frequencies Data modulation is achieved by direct 2FSK carrier keying with a transmission speed of 512 bit s Newer nets operate at 1200 or 2400 bit s using FFSK modula tion For reasons of compatibility with older pagers two different OPERATING MOCES PAGE 67 Bit s and Bit s and 2400 Bit s ar often used on the same frequency In some countries POCSAG and GOLAY systems are on th same frequency A W4100DSP AUTO MODE for monitoring these systems is in preparation bi rates 512 Bits or 1200 1200 ct ct POCSAG SIGNALLING Generallv activation of the HF carrier is followed by the transmission of a preamble or bit synchronisation pattern e e d which slaves the receiver to th clock frequency The preambl contains at least 576 bits an represents a continuously alter nating sequence of 010101 0101 Following the preamble data batches contain the actual information are transmitted each batch being 17 x 32 bit or 544 bits long
214. nnected CONNECTOR PIN OUT CENTRONICS PRINTER 25 POL DSUB JACK Connector Signal Function Pin 1 STROBE Data ready command for printer Pin 2 to DATA 1 to Printer data parallel Pin 9 DATA 8 Printer data parallel Pin 10 ACKNLG Confirmation signal data takeover Pin 11 BUSY Confirmation signal for reception readiness Pin 12 PE no paper when HIGH Pin 13 SLCT Confirmation signal ON LINE when HIGH Pin 14 AUTOFEED automatic line feed when LOW Pin 15 ERROR Printer in Error when LOW Pin 16 INIT New initialisation of the printer when LOW Pin 17 SLCT IN DC1 DC3 Code active when HIGH Pin 18 25 GROUND Ground INSTALLATION PAGE 13 CONNECTOR PIN OUT DIGITAL IN 9 POL DSUB PLUG 9 8 7 6 Connector Signal Function Pin 2 DATAEXT Serial data balanced Pin 7 DATAEXT Serial data balanced Pin 1 CLKEXT Bit clock balanced Pin 6 CLKEXT Bit clock balanced Pin 4 FSEXT Frame sync balanced Pin 9 FSEXT Frame svnc balanced Pin 5 GND Ground Pin 3 and 8 NC Not connected CONNECTOR PIN OUT PCM IN 9 POL DSUB PLUG 9 8 7 6 Connector Signal Function Input PCM Pin 6 PCM Serial data balanced Pin 7 PCM Serial data balanced Pin 1 2 3 8 9 GND Ground Input SERIAL V1 V2 is Strobe Pin 4 SERDAT Serial data Pin 5 SERSTR Bit clock Pin 1 2 3 8 9 GND Ground
215. nt is always desirable also for your per sonal safety Location of decoder is bound to be present sp cially at frequencies between 3 10 MHz Active antennas are gen erallv more susceptible to noise interference Certain tvpes with Despit metallic shielding of the receiver the decoder may still radiate into the receiver if placed in close proximity This problem may be rectified by tuneabl pre selectors do how moving the decoder to a differ ever exhibit better noise rejec nt location tion characteristics Video Monitor Receiver If at all possible use a moni Receivers are often not suffi tor which conforms to the latest ciently shielded or decoupled MPR II or TCO II radiation stan resulting in interferenc sig dards The improvement in noise nals entering the receiver di reduction offered by such equip rectly Since many receiver ment is significant and inter types require an antenna imped ferenc originating from these ance of 50 Ohm for correct matching any deviation from this impedance results in a monitors can be expected to be negligible APPENDIX PAGE 24 CONDITIONS OF SALE Way Fe Eee a _ I IE Despite careful testing of this from the use of this product product component or functional Damage resulting from non failures may occur
216. odes TDM e g ARQ M2 two parity bits may unfortu 242 and ARQ M2 342 CIS 14 bit nately lead to unavoidable de interleaves two channels into a tection errors OPERATING MODES PAGE 22 wert Ss SS Frequency range HF System DUPLEX Tone duration 25 50 or 100 ms 10 Baudrate 20 or 40 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver settings CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF CIS 36 OPERATING MENU CIS36 Analysis Demodulator Options Tone 100 00ms Tone 50 00ms Tone 25 00ms Force LIRSAGS MA 2 Nor Polarity ECC ison CIS 36 is operating with speeds fic mode is using a horizontal of 10 20 or 40 baud which is line and vertical block error equivalent to tone durations of detection Each block has ten 100 50 or 25 ms data frames and a parity frame Each data frame has five data This mode is started by select characters and one parity char ing Tone 100 00 ms or another acter In case an error is de tone duration tected the receiving station starts ask for a frame repeti Transmissions in CIS 36 are tion NAK instead of ACK from mostlv in Russian using an ITA 2 the last complete and correctly alphabet CIS 36 is a full du received frame plex mode with two transmission frequencies but can also be 10 Baud speed is used for manu used in simplex mode ally transmitted operator me
217. ond parti for transmitter switching tioned into 60 cycles The se Each subsequence is further di quences are synchronized to UTC vided into 16 batches designated The cycles have a duration of A to P Thus the pagers are di exactly one minute and synchro vided into 16 groups The trans nize the various ERMES networks fer mode tone call only nu transmitters In this way the merical call alphanumerical receivers will only receive one call is controlled by the posi or more cycles and thus power tion of the batch number consumption is substantially re duced The receiver addressing only takes place within the appropri ate batch After decoding its Each cycle is subdivided into address the receiver will wait five subsequence s of 12 seconds on the same frequency for data each In order to maintain syn Data may be transmitted within chronism between networks the the same batch within another subsequence number command SSN subsequence batch or within sub 0 is transmitted preceding sequent subsequence s every UTC minute marker Each batch is subdivided into A subsequence may also have a four parts Synchronization duration of less than 12 sec svstem information address and onds The remaining time is uses text PROTOCOL STRUCTURE 60 Minutes SEQUENCE 60 Cycles 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 57 58 59 1 Minute CYCLE 5 Subsquence 0 1 2 3 4 12 Se
218. or a sin gle repeater The packet protocol distingui shes between three frame types I S and U frames Actual data transfer takes place using the I information frame and very seldom the U frame The S and U frames are used for transmission OPERATING MOCES PAGE 60 Control The data field can contain up to 256 characters in packet radio All characters and character combinations are permitted since transmission is transparent A checksum is sent in the FCS field When the Display Frames mode is active the status field con tains additional connection status information in addition to call signs Frame types are indicated I S Or Us Possible S frame status mes sages e g Receiver Ready RR Receiver Not Ready RNR or Re ject REJ are displayed In the third field the transmit and receive sequence number is displayed This number ranges from r0 to r7 or alternately so to s7 The sequence number indi cates to the opposite station which packets have been received free of errors The large volume of available radio amateur lit erature is recommended for fur ther study of the packet radio system OPERATING MOCES PAGE 61 PACKET 9600 Frequency range VHF UHF MODES System PACKET 9600 Baudrate 2400 4800 und 9600 Bit s Modulation DIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 15 KHz narrow Signal source IF only PAC
219. or the FFT measurements Nei the bandwidth The translation ther is a change necessary when frequency adjustment is calcu INDIRECT FSK AF is received ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 27 REAL TIME WATERFALL The waterfall analysis gives a A time histogram is displayed on three dimensional display of a the left hand side of the dis FFT spectrum in time frequency play and amplitude The waterfall display aggregates many single The functions Average Center measurements with altogether 40 Frq Window Type and Hold graphically displayed values An Cursor on are identical to the updated measurement in the two same real time FFT functions dimensional real time FFT dis play only shows a fraction of In the Period ms menu field the data depending on the modu the time unit per measurement lation method In contrast the may be selected The lowest FFT waterfall display gives a value is 50ms corresponding to a display also in the time domain sampling rate of 20 pictures s For the highest value of Waterfall analysis is started by 10 000ms a measurement is done clicking on a desired bandwidth once every 10 seconds giving a BW 500 Hz BW 1000 Hz BW total time span of more than 400 4000 Hz or BW 24 KHz seconds REAL TIME WATERFALL OF AN ERMES TRANSMISSION 6608 Hz 12000 Hz 18000 Hz 24088 Hz TENE 3 Demodulator FFT MODE 1703 Hz JI Window Type intern Trans Fra 44300
220. ords with a certain unit dashes and spaces one length which is expressed in dash being equal to three dots number of bits The codewords E is the shortest word repre represent all or a part of the sented by a dot equal to one i entire alphabet including let and 0 zero is the longest ters numbers special charac codeword represented by dash ters and control codes or rep dash dash dash dash equal to 19 resent the pixels of a fax or dots 1110111011101110111 in the digitised speech binary notation The reason for the unequal length of the code Codewords are assembled into al words is to reduce the amount of phabets or codes In some codes work for the operator when the codewords are of unequal transmitting many messages Sam length A distinction should be uel Morse found by visiting a Philadelphia printing office that the compositors had sorted the lead types in such a way that the types most frequently used were the ones most easily accessible An example of an equal length but non integral code is the Baudot or ITA 2 alphabet which was formerly in use on the ma jority of the world s land lines and radio links It is still the base for many codes constructed later as compatibility to ex isting equipment and networks is essential ITA 2 code a character is bits For In the represented by five INTRODUCTION PAGE 20 instance the letter D is rep r
221. oup II 2 Tone 4 5 5 6 773 800 827 853 880 907 935 960 773 880 907 933 960 OPERATING MODES PAGE 27 Cw MORSE Frequency range HF MODES System STANDARD Modulation CARRIER KEYING or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF CW MORSE OPERATING MENU CWMORE Auto Sync Auto Manual peed Demodulator Options Latin Morse AGC on Normal peed The Auto function will auto is nominally 800 Hz which is matically detect Morse keying dictated by the quartz filters speeds within the range of 20 400 BPM Characters per minute The keying speed is continuously updated and displayed The Syne Auto function offers Morse re synchronization without erasing already decoded text he Manual bpm function allows he user to enter fixed speed his option becomes useful when eceiving machin generated ransmissions of long duration he fixed setting results in im roved noise immunitv THAR HAH The bandwidth setting has a ma jor influence on the reception quality The bandwidth may be set to any value in the range from 50 Hz to 1200 Hz For nor mal use a setting of 100 200 Hz is recommended The centre frequency can be set to any value between 600 and 2000 Hz via the Centre Freq function
222. own svs ems is done simultaneously multitasking An exception is nly made in the case of test for a valid Baudot start stop pattern as data is onlv sampled during the on going test O MmMQ0 H Code analvsis is a sequential process In case of strong dis turbances during signal sam pling the operating mode will not be readily recognized cor rectly Repeated xecution of Code Analysis increases the probability of correct system recognition even under severe Signal disturbances Code Check may be remotely controlled via the serial inter face Remote Control Thus automatic data recording is pos sible ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 15 DIRECT CODE ANALYSIS VHF UHF OPERATING MENU DIRECT CODE ANALYSIS OPERATING MENU Code CheckDir Sgnal Analysis Auto Mode Manual Baudrate Demodulator For technical reasons the signal analysis tools for the VHF UHF range had to be differently de Signed for DIRECT and INDIRECT modulation methods The INDIRECT methods also known as sub carrier modulation require the output of the receiver FM or AM demodulator In contrast the measurement of a DIRECT modula tion method can only be done us ing the receiver IF signal The following modes use INDIRECT modulation methods ACARS ATIS FMS BOS HOW DOES CODE When DIRECT code anal
223. peeds above modulator serves as a high se 300 BPM the filter bandwidth lectivity digital filter Ad must be increased to 800 1200 justment of the bandwidth is Hz done activating the menu field Bandwidth FUNCTIONS AM OFFSET AND AM GAIN AT METEOSAT Weather satellite fax transmis saturation Next AM GAIN is Sions consist of an AM modulated adjusted to place the shift svm carrier Because of this the metrically around the centre Signal strength of the input The range of adjustment is be Signal will influence demodula tween 0 and 100 tion Correct adjustment will yield Utilizing AM GAIN and AM weather pictures having very OFFSET the W4100DSP may be good contrast adapted to the signal source Both adjustments will mutually The selected values are stored influence each other in non volatile memory Thus this adjustment is only neces AM OFFSET is adjustable within sary once However when a range of 0 to 2047 With a downloading a new software ver METEOSAT signal present AM Sion it is unfortunately un OFFSET is adjusted until the avoidable to overwrite the bargraph is clearly driven into stored values OPTIONS INTRODUCTION PAGE 11 MENU Options Video MS is off Pint MS isoff Rinter is off LIRS FIGSNOm IAS is on VIDEO MSI IS ON Multiple Scroll Inhibit MSI is a function which will sup pre
224. periodicity may be deduced or the period is much larger than the to tal number of sampled data bits Each mode and each signal can re sult in very different displays Often it is possible to determine a periodicity with the zoom function Enlargement The later explained function Bit Analyse allows a control or fine determination of The field should be sized in such a way that the peaks fill out the zoom field optimally With the function Move Window the field can be moved in all directions After the zoom field has been sized the zoom function can be ac tivated An enlarged section of the the periodicity autocorrelation track is displayed Then the function Move Window is ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 33 Za CO CORA PAEL EN CS Zoom Move Window Window Sze Zoom Window Unzoom opened In the upper right part the center position of the zoom field is shown as Cursor X pos XX Bits By turning the trackball the field is moved downwards and that value changes The determination of the different subsequent peaks give the periodicity With the function Unzoom the full screen display is displayed again ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 34 HF BIT ANALYSIS BITANALYSIS OPERATING MENU Bit Analysis Sgnal Analysis 96 0 Baud Var 56 Bt Bock Gart Sop Extract Bits Demodulator Nor Polarity BITANALYSIS F7B OPERATING MENU
225. play area the actual cursor values are continuously displayed Using Cursor 1 amp 2 the cursor movements are locked together To stop the Oscilloscope Off The latest measurement remains displayed and may be measured using the cursors To start an one time measurement use Single Shot display use MEASUREMENT OF AN AM VOICE SIGNAL HQ onssase headel IIE IN A INN ne AULIE HBX hiano 60 80 100x 400 0ms 300 0ms 200 ms 1BB BMs 0 ms 188 895 208 815 388 815 460 Gms ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 31 AUTOCORRELATION AUTOCORRELATION OPERATING MENU Autocorrelation Sgnal Analysis 96 0 Baud Var Sop Tracking Sop Autocor Zoom Demodulator Autocorrelation is used for deter the baud rate After data entry ming the periodicity of bit pat terns Periodicity implies a con stant repetition of a specific bit pattern If a station f e trans mits the IDLE pattern 0010011011 0010011011 etc the periodicity is said to be 10 bits HNG FEC and RUM FEC have a periodicity of 15 and 16 bits respectively The pe riodicitv can f e also be 11250 bits i e after 11250 bits the same constantly repeated pattern occurs again Periodicity becomes very im portant in the classification of unknown transmissions and the analysis of unknown modes and svs tems First of all Signal Analysis should be used to determine th x act baud rate and frequency shift
226. quipment available If information is sent only in nately on two different frequen cies one representing Mark level and the other Space level The differenc between the two frequencies frequencv deviation is called the Shift and mav for instance be 170 425 or 850 Hz SIMPLEX AND DUPLEX If information is sent in both directions but one in direction at a time it is referred to as simplex If information is sent in both one direction it is referred to as one wav traffic directions simultaneouslv it is referred to as duplex INTRODUCTION PAGE 22 INCREASING THE DATA THROUGHPUT Ongoing efforts are being made to exploit as much as possible of a given channel capacity One way is to process data to be transmitted in such a wav that redundant information is removed before transmission Another method is to transmit more than one channel on a radio link This mav be achieved either in the frequencv or time domain or a combination hereof The removal of redundant infor m T p ation is called compression he ratio between th Siz of he original data and the com ressed data depends on the na ture of the data and th FEL tion Each channel is independ ent of the other ones and may transmit with a different speed or use a different alphabet or system In time multiplex TDM each data source is allow
227. r TA Technical acknowledgement downlink 0 9 uplink A Z a z NUL 00h ML Message Label message type Uplink Downlink Block Identifier downlink 0 9 uplink A Z a z NUL 00h MSN Message Sequence Number FID Flight Identifier In this case record 8 decoded time in minutes and seconds af at 18 43 32 contains a messag from a Swiss aircraft with reg istration HB INR using logical channel 06 to transmit and ac knowledgement of uplink block Q ter th hour is used other formats are also in use The flight is Swissair SR6767 A few examples of the more im portant or frequently seen ACARS and a link test Q0 with block identifier 6 and messag S messages quence number 0635 here the M 06 ADDR HB IND TA NAK ML W B 3 MSN 2810 FID 08005 Using logical channel 06 an un solicited TA NAK general re sponse _M without information is transmitted as block 3 from aircraft HB IND on flight 0S005 with sequence number 2810 Gen eral responses are mainly used for block acknowledgement pur poses M 06 ADDR MNENNENNMENM TA NAK ML SQ B 00XSZRH This is a squitter an id and uplink test message transmitted a S t regular intervals from ground tations This one is a squitter SQ version 0 00 from a SITA XS ground station in Zurich Switzerland ZRH The denotes the ASCII NUL character 00h used for b
228. r a group call in the 100s range the 1s and 10s digit are filled with logical 1 and for a 100s group call all 12 bits are filled with ones APPENDIX PAGE 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS HARDWARE CC l 81m Zinc plated st Shielded 19 rack mount l sheet metal gt Weight 10 5 kg Height 3U Width 53U Depth 370 mm E E OIN T PARN ES ILa Keys CURSOR UP Keys ENTER and ff ooo ooo o o ED indicators for Traffic Synch Phasing Error Idle and RQ ED indicators for V1 B V1 Y V2 B and V2 Y data ED indicator for PRINT ON and PRINT OFF CURSOR DOWN CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR RIGHT ESCAPE Keys RESET PRINT ON OFF PRINT SCREEN and REMOTE ON OFE ED tuning indicator 16 element bar graph ED level indicator 10 element bar graph Floppy disk drive 3 1 2 1 44 MB PC DOS compatible EE A Fe EAE I EL Ia 15 pin HD D Sub 9 pin D Sub F 9 pin D Sub M 9 pin D Sub M 25 pin D Sub F 9 pin D Sub M 9 pin D Sub F 9 pin D Sub F ef GIE FH HHH HHH OH OH OM Euro mains power plug with fuse holder connector for VGA monitor connector for Trackman Mouse connector for serial RS232 interfac l connector for serial RS232 interfac 2 connector for Centronics printer interface connector for external demodulator connector external digital rec
229. r acknowledgement or Error message HOST sends file HOST waits for acknowledgement or Error message HOST sends start command HOST waits for 25 seconds and sends Remote ON confirmation W4100DSP packet file data p error message gt applik gz 32 bit longword of file length in bytes packet file data gt error message gt start REMOT EOO ON ERROR MESSAGES run out of input data incomplete literal tree incomplete distance tree bad gzip magic numbers internal error invalid method Input is encrypted Multi part input Input has invalid flags invalid compressed format out of memory invalid compressed format cre error length error Error Error Error Error Error Error Error Too little memory Compression error Error Error Compression error Unacceptable scrambling in transmission in ZIP format in ZIP format in ZIP file in transmission in transmission in ZIP file in checksum in expanding OPERATING MOCES PAGE 47 ICAO SELCAL Frequencv range Svstem Tone duration Modulation Receiver settings Signal sources SELCAL analog 1000 ms B ep ep CW LSB or USB AF HF or IF ICAO SELCAL OPERATING MENU tiallv defined twelve tones Tones but without tone i t
230. range HF MODES Frequencv Europe 3 580 MHz 7 035 MHz 14 07080 MHz Svstem STANDARD Baudrate 31 25 Baud Carrier Modulation DBPSK DQPSK Modulation SSB Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF PSK 31 OPERATING MENU PRII Analysis Demodulator Options 31 25 Baud Nor Polarity With PSK 31 a modern very nar After the demodulation of the row band and reliable mode is Signal the encoded bits are available which is exactly what converted to a normal bit stream the radio amateurs need The by a Viterbi decoder with K 5 good behaviour against distur and a code rate CR 1 2 bances is achieved by the use of DPSK modulation Two demodula To separate the transferred tors can be selected characters two zeros are in serted between every character For normal use DBPSK can be se Thus the characters can be sepa lected to demodulate a bi phase rated clearly as long as no two modulated signal The baudrate successive zeros appear in the is fixed to 31 25 Baud and is character itself This was taken optimised to transfer the data into consideration when design rate which an OM can input ona ing the alphabet keyboard by hand To optimise the data throughput Alternatively DQPSK can be se rate of the system an alphabet lected to demodulate a four with a variable character length phase modulated signal Before is used For frequently used
231. ransfer from one transmitting tation to one or more receiv ng stations It is also used n cases wher th receiving station may not transmit radio Silence Earlier systems used unprotected 50 Baud transmis sion but in modern systems to day efficient error correcting devices are utilized The em ployment of error correcting codes means a marked increase in transfer quality H H U t K r A simple way of error correc tion is to transmit the same data on several channels but delayed in relation to each other A more efficient error correction is obtained by using a convolution code This coding method employs shift registers and modulo two addition The multiplexing circuit transmits information and parity bits al ternately The number of con trol bits is equal to the num ber of information bits Another method of FEC is block coding A parity block is added to a data block of a randomly chosen length The parity block is constructed by the binary division of the bits of the data block by a generator or parity polynomial Inside the transmitter this division re sults in a parity block that then is transferred to the data block The data transfer quality may also be improved noticeably with a very reasonable effort by utilizing interleaving tech niques E E cC DTIC E Data Terminal FEC Coder Transmitter Receiver FEC Deco
232. roadcasts A block identifier is not used M 06 ADDR OY MDS TA 5 ML B 131125 This is a data transceiver auto tune message from ground station 06 commanding the ACARS transceiver of aircraft OY MDS to change its frequency to 131 125 MH At th sam tim acknowledgement is given for the aircraft s downlink block 5 OPERATING MODES PAGE 6 ty Tt i Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 228 66 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF ALIS OPERATING MENU ALIS Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 228 67 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRS AGS MA 2 ECC ison ALIS is a simplex system and op of transmission errors erates at a speed of 228 66 Baud on the radio link The acknowledgement block has a length of 16 bits The total ALIS is described in the report transmit receive cycle for ALIS of the ITU Reports of the CCIR is 111 bits which corresponds to 1990 Fixed Service at frequen a duration of 485 4 ms An error cies below about 30 MHz The free transmission is equivalent abbreviation ALIS is derived to a terminal baud rate of 100 from lt Automatic Link Set up gt Baud Baudot The transmission block of the The ALI
233. ry an data field and the text data additional MHEAD LADDR 22 bits Local Address full local address of the receiver Message Number MNUM individual group calls 5 bits External bit EB All ALL VIF local or external additional variable Info receiver 1 bit info 1 bit field 7 bits The Variabl e Information Field VI F has t main options de pending of the status bit ALL 0 or ALL 1 VARIABLE INFORMATION FIELD WITHOUT SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RSVD for future definition 1 bit Paging Category PCAT 00 tone 01 numeric 02 alphanumeric 03 transparent 2 bits UMI UMI Urgent indicator 0 normal message 1 urgent message 1 bit ALERT ALERT alert alarm signal indicator type 0 7 3 bits VARIABLE INFORMATION FIELD WITH SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION to be used for a wide range of The ETS 300 133 4 standard has a very fine grained subdivision of applications the VIF and this enables ERMES AIT AIT AIN AIN Additional information type long message remote programming miscellaneous additional character set temporary address pointers and more Additional information number urgent alert 0 7 non urgent alert 0 7 paging area identity code add or replace data in pager country code and more OPERATING MODES PAGE 37 E E cC FL
234. s sages and are mostly unen CIS 36 is based on the older crypted The automatic switching PICCOLO MKI system However the of the tone length is initial Signal is not symmetric and uses ised by control sequences three frequency groups with 10 11 and 11 frequencies The tone When the real message has to be spacing is 40 Hz In on line sent the system switches to 20 crypto traffic mode the control or 40 baud This part is either tones 1 12 24 and 36 are coded or online encrypted in al rarely sent so between the thr most every transmission Special frequency groups a spacing of 80 control sequences are used for Hz seems to appear The adjust transmission control call set ment has to be done to the cen up and clearance ter of the middle frequency group between tone 18 and 19 CIS 36 also has selcal and link establishment features CIS 36 in error correcting traf OPERATING MODES PAGE 23 CODAN SELCAL Frequencv range HF System SIMPLEX SELCAL Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver settings CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or I CODAN OPERATING MENU CODAN Demodulator Analysis Options 100 00 Baud ASCII CODAN SELCAL operates with 100 0 baud and can be started by se lecting 100 00 Baud A preamble of at least 100 dot reversals which are 50 chang
235. s Signed to six different parame BOS Identifier Character Police Federal Border Protection Federal Criminal Bureau Catastrophe Protection Service Customs Fire Brigade Technical Support Service WArbeiter Samariter Federation German Red Cross Johanniter First Aid Service Walteser Support Service Life saving organisation Miscellaneous rescue services Civil protection services CAATMWANINDUHOBWNHE The location identifier e g OK 10 can assume one of 99 differ ent possibilities The actual value is determined by each in dividual state The field for the vehicle number e g 4213 can contain one of 9999 combinations The individ ual call signs are assigned by each specific service The status field contains the actual information A maximum of 16 different messages may be transmitted A distinction be OPERATING MODES PAGE 40 ters As FMS data messages do not carrv a date timestamp this in formation is generated by the real time clock of the decoder and output to screen as the first data field The next field shows the direc tion of transmission Two possi bilities exist Mobile to Control Control to Mobile In Germany the BOS and state identifiers are allocated as follows State identifier Character Federal Baden Wurtemberg Bavaria I Berlin Bremen Hamburg Hessen Lower Saxony Nordrhein Westfalen Rheinland Pfalz Schleswig Holstein Saarl
236. s are characterized by having a very high bitrate keying frequency The stable keying conditions thus become very short and may often for FFSK be as short as two sinusoidal periods per bit This produces an increase in the ing the translation frequencv measured shift with increased option baudrate On the other hand the determination of th ffectiv At measurements of the signal Signal centr frequency is im shift up to 1200 Bit s devia proved ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 6 INDIRECT FSK ANALYSIS VHF UHF INDIRECT FSK ANALYSIS MENU FX Indirect Large Shift Wide Shift Normal Shift Narrow Shift Set filter Hold Cursor on Demodulator Decoding of the INDIRECT modula tion methods also known as subcarrier modulation re quires the output from a FM or AM demodulator of the receiver Processing of an indirectly modulated signal can only be done with the AF signal ACARS PACKET 1200 MPT1327 1343 belong to the INDIRECTIv modu lated modes as do number of digital selective call systems The baudrat measurement is bases on a new method of auto correlation and subsequent FFT calculation With this method most VHF modes can be measured with a high degree of precision The graphical display is used for control of the measured val ues The frequency shift is also graphically displayed Signal Analysis is started by
237. s or halts the output The original Hell system was a very simple mechanical one with In the Demodulator submenu the a indented wheel for each char special function fields AM acter used to generat th Gain and TAM Offset are transmit pulse trains via a con placed Centring of the signal tact deviations on the bar graph is controlled by adjusting AM In the receiver the pulses acti Offset In addition maximum de vated a printing magnet with a viation is required on the bar writing edge which pushed a pa graph This is done by adjusting per tape towards a helix inked AM Gain It should be noted by an ink roller No means of that these two adjustments are synchronisation besides of nomi influenced by each other nal helix speed was used Speed differences showed up as raising Printer output is to the paral or falling lines of letters but lel interface only OPERATING MODES PAGE 39 EMS Bos Modulation Receiver setting Signal source AF Frequency range VHF UHF MODES Svstem SELCAL digital Baudrate 1200 bit s NDIRECT FM FM 12 0 KHz narrow only EMS BOS OPERATING MENU FMSBOS Analysis Demodulator Options 1200 00 Baud FMS BOS is a radio signalling struction of the FMS BOS tele system for security authorities and organisations The system gram is very digital selective
238. selecting either the Large Shift Wide Shift Normal Shift or Narrow Shift menu fields Th respectiv maximum shift ranges are 3 500 Hz 1 400 Hz 600 Hz and 200 Hz If the shift of a signal is un known analysis may be started using Large Shift An initial measurement of the signal is now possible and if required Wide Shirt Normal Shift or Narrow Shift may be selected After selecting the Hold Cursor on field a submenu with the fields Move Cursor 1 and Move Cursor 2 will appear Signal sampling is stopped Using the trackball two cursors may be moved The software dis plays both the difference shift and the relative value of the cursor positions to the translation frequency in the WAVECOM SHIFT DISPLAY field on the screen This function allows the easy determination of shifts in FSK and 4FSK transmissions The center frequency used during Signal Analysis can be set in the Demodulator Center Feg menu field The setting of the translation frequency is always equal to the signal center fre quency for direct modulation methods The measurement of the baudrate has a typical inaccuracy of less than 1 for 2400 bit s With several consecutive meas urements th ffective baudrate can b determined very pre cisely Signal measurements of VHF UHF modes require an exact adjustment to the signal center frequency This is very impor tant Tran
239. sing will be accelerated After Signal has synchronism with a G TOR been achieved the using a 24 12 Golay code In addition the data bits are in terleaved bit interleaving The complex G TOR system is de scribed in detail by the manu facturer KANTRONICS in a booklet G TOR The New Mode Articles Charts Protocol edited by Shelley Marcotte OPERATING MODES PAGE 45 EIC 2A FR GQ Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 240 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF HC ARQ OPERATING MENU HC ARQ Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 240 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRSAGS HC ARQ is a simplex system oper quent control bits After the ating at a speed of 240 Baud on start sequence sixty ITA 2 char the radio link acters and 32 check bits for each block follow HC ARQ does not use a fixed tim ing cvcle so data blocks of the HC ARQ mav be set to one of information sending station three data block lengths viz ISS and the acknowledgement 30 60 or 180 characters 150 blocks of the information re 300 or 900 data bits However ceiving station IRS are not the system is not adaptive and fixed have no fixed timing the block length must be set to frame the same value by both stations before transm
240. smitter frequency off set of more than 1000 Hz occur quite often and must to be cor ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE PACKET 1200 SIGNAL WITH 1200 0 BAUD AND 1000 Hz SHIFT Shift Demodulator Normal Hold Cursor Set Filter on rected by adjusting the receiver or by using the translation fre quency option the signal Bit s devia have to be When measuring of shift at up to 1200 tions of up to 5 expected B 6 Often the modulation method of a CALCULATE SHIFT Baud B 466 866 1200 1600 26668 2468 2800 3200 3600 4668 HAVECOM SHIFT DISPLAY Shift 1617 Hz 700 600 500 468 300 200 100 B 166 268 300 466 566 666 700 Baudrate D 1700 Hz Shift 140GHz Narrow Shift ruple Of th th ffectiv baudrate As an example the MPT1327 mode has easily recognized baudrate spectrum peaks at 2400 and 3600 Bauds If a comparison measurement us given ever signal is unknown How using DIR ECT analysis on a FM will quency modulated produce double a INDIRECT signal harmonic fre triple or quad ing IND tools is applied to the signal this produce valuable indica to the actual modulation then will tions IRECT analysis method in use ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 8 PSK SYMBOL RATE MEASUREMENT AND PSK PHASE PLANE PHASE ANALYSIS MENU
241. so has which conforms inputs log inputs the a digital input to the RACAL data format DIGITAL IN The sensitivity of this input is fixed at 0 dB so receiver output must be ad justed to this level The front plate level indicator LEVEL indicates the input Signal level When the red part of the indicator is turned on the A D converter is overloaded and the quality of the demodula tor output is decreased PROGRAMME DI SK A Write protect tab Wavecom Elektronik AG Hammerstrasse 8 CH 8180 Buelach Switzerland Software W4100DSP Version 3 5 00 To load the W4100DSP software place the enclosed 3 1 2 disk in the floppy drive Th fil will take about 8 1 2 minutes It is important that the disk format is PC compatible and the files may be freely copied using any PC AT 3 1 2 disk drive The MASTER ARJ or APPLIK GZ for new boot program version 4 2 file contains the compressed data for the master processor and the LOADER LOD MASTER LOD and SLAVE LOD files contain the program for the two DSP proces sors SLAVE The program files have a size of approximately IES MBytes version 3 4 05 so the loading and expanding of the program write protect tab always be placed in the write protect po Sition which is th cas when both square holes of the rear Side of the disk are open The disk may then remain in the disk dri
242. sors are set to the desired positions they may be moved simultaneously by clicking Move 1 amp 2 The measurement of MFSK and FDM transmissions is thus considerably easier Using the center of both cursor positions the center frequency is determined Selecting the Cent Freq C1 C2 function the calculated center frequency is set to the new value After choosing Average up to 64 measurements can be displayed ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 25 as an average value A value of 1 turns averaging off The cen terred display of several meas urements is very helpful when observing FDM transmissions or during heavy fading The Peak Hold On Off function freezes the instantaneous peak value of all measurements The peak values are displayed in blue The continuous display of the received signal peaks en ables more precise measurements of burst transmissions By clicking on Center Frq the preset center frequency is dis played as a green line Each change of th center frequency is continuous displayed In the Window Type menu field POCSAG OUTPUT WITH IF INPUT AND 8000 Hz SHIFT B Hz 6666 Hz BW 24 KHz BW 4666 Hz BW 1666 Hz Peak Hold Off Hold Cursor On Window Type 12000 Hz Demodulator FFT MODE 1796 Hz eer Sez Bl 12 1996 17 29 48 18000 Hz 24868 Hz 588 Hz Intern Trans Frq 443000 Hz USSKHZ ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 26
243. special implementation of information is carried over th the commonly used FSK voice channel as FSK Thus the modulation the frequency shift device may used for voice and is achieved with well defined data transmission An exception phase states Modern systems is ACARS because air radio per like ERMES and MODACOM use an tradition utilizes AM xtended 4 PAM FM modulation Gaussian scheme At present Decoding indirect modes can phase modulation is an only take place using the exception in the VHF UHF bands receiver NF output The receiver serves as demodulator The digital signaling systems of the FM or AM carrier while FMS BOS MPT 1327 ACARS and the W4100DSP demodulator ATIS are simplex ARQ systems processes the subcarrier LE a call has not been modulation acknowledges within a predetermined time window the A mor detailed description of call is repeated the carrier modulation methods may be found at the end of this PACKET 1200 is originally based chapter on the X 25 protocol In this INTRODUCTION PAGE 31 FAX MODES FAX SSTV MODES MENU FAX SSIV HELL Analysis WEATHER FAX PRESS FAX FEEDHHL Weather charts to be transmitted are fastened to a revolving drum and illuminated by a light source The drum is then scanned by a light sensor moving along the axis of the drum The volt age output from this sensor is converted into tone frequencies modulating the transmitter
244. splay field Clicking Cursor 1 amp 2 will change the position of both cursors symmetrically to each other This function is useful for the compari son of MFSK frequency distances to find symmetry 24 GI ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAG REAL TIMEL FFT The real time signal analvsis is selecting a bandwidth The dis an important function and is now play of the frequency spectrum also available in the W4100DSP has a linear scale and covers a The spectrum analysis is based dynamic range of 60 dB The in on Fast Fourier Analysis FFT ternal dynamic is considerably in real time and has a 4096 higher with the 16 Bit converter pixel resolution Briefly ex used but the configured display plained the signal is digital resolution has proved better in ized saved and its frequency practical use The frame re spectrum calculated and dis freshment frequency is more than played 20 pictures per second allowing fast signal changes to be dis Th measurement is started by played as well REAL TIME FFT WITH AN HF SIGNAL 1686 Hz 2686 Hz 3686 Hz 4686 Hz memos TT TTT TTT TTT TTT leone BW 24 KHz BW 4000 Hz BW 1008 Hz BW 500 Hz pecs CTT TTT Tm 3 FFT HODE TLETT Hold Cursor_On Tintern Trans Fra are After clicking on Hold Cursor On the frequency spectrum can be measured The absolute and the difference values of the cursor positions are continu ously displayed When the cur
245. ss multiple linefeeds LF In addition a software gener ated Carriage Return CR is in serted when a carriage return is received Using this menu item the func tion mav be separatelv toggled on and off for the video output function has sev e g when dur Using the MSI eral advantages PRINTER MSI IS ON Activating this toggle field the MSI function is switched on and off for the data output on the PRINTER IS ON Using this toggle field will ac tivate or deactivate output to the parallel interface but not the serial interface 1 The VIDEO MSI IS OFF ing reception disturbances a carriage return character is lost this software prevents lines being overwritten and text to be lost Some stations do not transmit carriage returns The MSI function will then automati cally generate the missing car riage return To clearly divide a message into paragraphs many carriage returns are often transmitted If these carriage returns were not removed the text would quickly disappear PRINTER MSI IS OFF parallel Cen and the se video interface tronics interface rial interface 1 PRINTER IS OFF output on serial 1 is always active on and is independent of the Centronics interface LTRS FIGS NORM LTRS ONLY FIGS ONLY UOS MODE LTRS letters and FIGS figures designates the Baudot lower letters and upper fig
246. stations or selec in use a number of missions occur at a rate of 100 Baud using the standard shift of tive addressing of onlv a single 170 H The transmission is a station continuous bit stream SITOR FEC transmissions are used Each character is transmitted in maritime radio communication twice with an interval of 35 to distribute traffic lists bits In the case of error fr news and safety and weather in reception of both characters formation Amateurs also use the the character is displayed in FEC mode for calls to all CQ white on the screen If one of calls the two characters is in error the correct one is displayed in Th selective FEC mode is used red The underscore _ charac when the receiving station must ter is displayed if both charac ters are received in error operate under radio silence con SI TOR AUTO Fully automatic tuning to signal center shift center frequency and transmission modes SITOR ARQ Mode A and SITOR FEC may be achieved by TSITOR AUTOT mode Mode selecti w OPERATING MOCES PAGE 82 SPREAD 11 SPREAD 21 and SPREAD 51 Frequency range HF MODES Svstem FEC Baudrate 102 63 or 68 5 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF SPREAD 51 OPERATING MENU
247. surfaced In addi SSTV STANDARDS FOR SYNCHRONIZATION Synch Tone 1200 Hz Black Tone 1500 Hz White Tone 2300 Hz Picture Synch 30 ms Line Synch 5ms OPERATING MOCES PAGE 84 i Resolution Mode Typ Time Line x Pixel NOG Robot 8 S W 8s 120 x 128 12 S W 12s 120 x 320 120 x 128 24 S W 24s 240 x 320 240 x 256 36 S W 36s 240 x 320 240 x 256 12 Color 12s 120 x 128 24 Color 24s 256 x 256 120 x 128 36 Color 36s 256 x 256 240 x 256 72 Color 72s 256 x 256 240 x 256 Wraase 24 RGB 24s 128 x 128 48 RGB 48s 256 x 128 48Q RGB 48s 128 x 128 96 RGB 96s 256 x 256 96Q RGB 96s 256 x 128 Martin M1 RGB 114s 256 x 320 256 x 256 M2 RGB 58 s 256 x 320 256 x 256 M3 RGB 57s 128 x 128 M4 RGB 29s 128 x 128 Scottie S1 RGB 110s 256x320 128 x 128 S2 RGB 71s 256 x 320 128 x 128 ScanMate 1 RGB 391s 512x310 2 RGB 261s 512x310 DX RGB 269s 256 x256 AVT 24 RGB 24s 128x128 120x 128 90 RGB 90s 240 x 320 240 x 256 94 RGB 94s 200 x 320 200 x 320 188 RGB 188s 320 x 400 Various modes transmit a grey luminance and chrominance infor level scale in the first 8 or 16 mation whereas RGB modes trans lines These lines are not mit colours as red green and available for image data trans blue values fer All AVT modes operate without In the table above S W means line synchronization and at black
248. t and as a result of this one or two elements of the left side of the bargraph will be more intensively lit INTRODUCTION PAGE 17 TUNING A PICCOLO MK6 SIGNAL Selecting Signal Analysis with pre selection Narrow Shift High Precision Mode Center frequency 1700 Hz GI WAVECOM SHIFT DISPLAY Shift 60 Hz JINOONONONINMM ATTI 100 80 60 40 20 B 26 46 68 88 100 Large Shift Wide Shift Normal Shift Narrow Shift recision Set Filter Hold Cursor on 1138 Hz Shift 266Hz MFSK signals like PICCOLO or CO ceiver or changing the WAVECOM QUELET employ from six to thir center frequency in the menu teen tones Therefore tuning is field Center Frq the tones most easily done using the must be symmetrically grouped Signal Analysis software The around the center 0 downmost field displays graphi cally the various tones which Minor frequency deviations up to have been sampled over a certain 5 Hz are automatically compen time interval In this case the sated for modes utilizing the Signal shown is a PICCOLO MK6 AFC Automatic Frequency Con transmission By tuning the re trol function TUNING A COQUELET 13 SIGNAL Selecting Signal Analysis with DSP MODE Pre selection Normal Shift Center frequency 1140 Hz CHAVECOR SHIFT DISPLAY Shift 1 270 Ha reer ee ee Re ee ee a ee eee a eee cee eR rT S B B
249. te If the alphabet be cant bit MSB first The menu changed to e g ITA 3 7 bits fields Norm Bit Order or for example the bit stream will Rev Bit Order are used to set be grouped in segments of 7 bits the desired mode Most known each telegraphy systems use the MSB system or Norm Bit Order set In the fields below the data ting characters are displayed The Nor Let field contains letters With these displays the bit with normal polarity Nor Fig stream may be checked to see if figures with normal polarity it contains valid and useful Inv Let letters with inverse information All display fields polarity and Inv Fig figures are updated as the track ball is with inverse polarity moved to reposition the data cursor EXAMPLE 5 Bits ITA 2 5 Bits Parity FRAME SIZE ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 37 FUNCTION Various data improve transmission integrity by adding systems parity or check bits which are appended to a data block This or inverse polarity depending on the parity example shows the setting ITA 2 5 bits and Frame Size 7 The five parity bits are ignored and each character is displayed with 10 bit intervals The Bauer al phabet used in the AUTOSPEC svs tem uses 10 bit characters The first five represent the ITA 2 character and the following five bits are transmit
250. ted in normal EXAMPLE MOVE BY BLOCK In all cases the correct bit synchronization must be ob tained This mav be done bv mov ing the cursor with the Move bv Bit function Subsequent cursor movements are best done with the WMove bv Frame function so that cursor steps are done in incre ments as set up in the Frame Size field FUNCTION Gesamtlange Korrelation 70 Bit Simplex Datenblock SI ARQ mit f nf Zeichen x 7 Bit 35 Bit Rickfragepause 35 Bit Simplex Datenblock SI ARQ mit f nf Zeichen x 7 Bit 35 Bit Rickfragepause 35 Bit Simplex Datenblock SI ARQ mit f nf Zeichen x 7 Bit 35 Bit Ruckfragepause 35 Bit The function Block size x and Block function By now moving Move by Block are an aid for the trackball the cursor moves cursor movements The example from the start of one frame to shows a SI ARQ transmission the start of the next frame frame If the start of the block This function can also be ap is found with the Move bv Bit plied with good results in cases function a step size equal to of analvsing various functional the entire frame is a good bits The setting Block Size x choice This is set up by Block has no effect on the binary bit size 70 Bit and performing cur sor movement via the Move by display and is a pure cursor re lated function EXAMPLE Bits Interleaved
251. the case of a manual start dered unreadable by inverting the polarity is also determined one or several data bits Using and the signal is tested for a the Options Bit inversion any valid asynchronous data format of the 32 bit inversion patterns If valid parameters are de may be pre selected tected the output of text is started Even in the case of a Synchronous Baudot uses 7 bits break in the received signal and is especially used for on the software does not attempt line crvpto svstems automatic svnchronisation This prevents the premature termina The Baudot code has been the tion of data capturing in the most common telegraph code used presence of transient interfer as a result of the widespread ence to the signal use of tele printers its place now being gradually taken over by ASCII Baudot is internationally ap OPERATING MODES PAGE 18 shift to accommodate the shift between Latin and another char acter set proved as CCITT alphabet ITA 2 but several national modifica tions to ITA 2 exist as do com pletely different character as signments e g Arabic alphabets Bagdad 70 and ATU 80 Russian M2 and alphabets using a third Baudot is the basis for manv codes in use on radio circuits due to the need for easv com patibility with tele printer networks and equipment OPERATING MODES PAGE 19 BULG ASCI I Freq
252. tic to obtain levels of errors so networks and where terminal low that the link qualitv is equipment which uses special comparable to that of a tele protocols operating in full du phone line and therefor per plex is emploved mits an unlimited data trans fer Full duplex connections need separate receiving and trans Modern ARQ equipment is not mitting antennas at each sta only capable of teletype trans tion As reception and trans mission but computer data fax mission are simultaneous an ef data etc may also be trans ficient antenna decoupling is ferred necessary FULL DUPLEX MODES Frequency f1 Transmitter Receiver Frequency f2 Duplex ARQ Duplex ARQ Equipment Equipment Data Terminal Data Terminal Receiver Transmitter INTRODUCTION PAGE 26 SIMPLEX MODES HF SIMPLEX MODES MENU SMPLEX Analysis STORARQ TWINPLEX S ARQ SWED ARQ ARQ6 90 ARQ6 98 HC ARQ PAC TOR ALIS g AUTO G TR The simplex mode is based on sion is changed again The the rapid switching of receiv transmitting station transmits ing and transmitting directions the next data block if the pre during the data transfer In ceding block was acknowledged this way a two way link is es or repeat it if the acknowl tablished between two radio edgement was negative or no ac stations but only in one di knowl
253. tim The repeated FEC broadcasting operation in character is transmitted with Similarity to SITOR ARQ Mode A inverted polarity and SITOR FEC Mode B For a pair of characters which he SI FEC sound is similar to have been decoded and recognised ound of SITOR FEC However SI as rror fr on character is seldom and sta displayed If both characters ions mostly swit T s FEC is used very t o mission conditio ch to this mode nly under extremely bad trans ns are received in error and under score _ character is played 5 TC AUTO Fully automatic tuning to signal center shift c and transmission nter frequency modes SI ARQ Mode A and SI FEC Mode B may be achieved by selecting SI AUTO mode OPERATING MOCES PAGE 80 ITOR ARQOQ Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF SITOR ARQ OPERATING MENU SORARQ Analvsis Auto Demodulator Options 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRS FIGS MA 2 SITOR svstems almost exclusivelv ISS information sending sta operate at a speed of 100 Baud tion and IRS information re and with a shift of 170 Hz ceiving station After the receiver has been cor The WAVECOM software always de rectly tuned the SITOR mo
254. to AUTO ECHO mode remains active also after The translation of a single CR switching off remote mode and Carriage Return character into can normally be handled with the a CR LF Carriage Return keypad or trackball After re Line Feed combination should be ceiving the command ensured REMOTEXX ON or after the RE MOTE ON OFF key has been pressed If a keying error is corrected the W 4100DSP changes into re using the backspace character mote mode The active mode stays the character in error and the active and may be controlled by backspace character are trans remote control mitted However the W 4100DSP display will display the cor COMMANDS rected text but the command is All global valid commands are ignored because of the correc listed in the table global re mote commands found later in this chapter Commands belonging to a particular mode are listed in the following paragraphs The PORTXX OFF lt lt CR gt gt command causes the W 4100DSP to reject further commands from the serial interface the remote mode stays active however Only after re ceiving the PORTXX ON lt lt CR gt gt command the software will accept commands again This allows a number of devices to be con nected to the same RS232 inter face or to use a host interface for more than one device Every command from the host to the W 4100DSP must be terminated with a Carriage Return shown here as UCRV The W 4100D
255. to indicate the two HD Her YM ctoc LOAD RESET PRINT ON OFF PRINT Using the PRINT ON OFF key or software the Centronics printer interface may be toggled on or off menu is called The ESCAPE key is used when leaving a selected and activated function or when going back to the preceding menu level Using the cursor keys the W4100DSP may b operated very efficiently without a track ball mi LD keying states of a normal FSK transmission F1B and V2 DATA is used to indicate the keying states of the second channel in a F7B transmission SCREEN AND REMOTE ON OFF KEYS key itself The LOAD RESET key initiates a complete restart of the device Similar to power up this means The LED PRINT ON indicates that the data output on the Centron ics interface has been activated by the software and that data is being output Using the REMOTE ON OFF key the blocking may be deactivated or he W4100DSP pre configured for rmanent remot operation If he W4100DSP receives a valid ontrol character on serial in erface 2 the remote mode is utomatically activated and all ther controls deselected omactadta The REMOTE ON LED indicates that the W4100DSP may only be oper ated in remote mode via the se rial interface All trackball and front panel key functions are blocked except the LOAD RES
256. tput occurs in HEXO code and can be read by any TER MINAL programme e G Terminal exe of WINDOWS The BMP file must then be converted to binary format command h2b test txt text bmp with the DOS conversion programme h2b exe The BMP file can now be read by a graphics program e g Corel Photo Paint H2B EXE is in cluded in all W4100DSP software updates starting with release 2206 OT The function Preset BATTERY MEMORY completely resets the built in parameter memory All parameters are set to default values This function should only be used after a battery re placement or if the settings have been completely lost or changed The Test Dig Input is nor mally used for factory testing of the digital input ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 48 REMOTE CONTROL W4100DSP INTRODUCTION REMOTE INTERFACE tions The W 4100DSP may be remotely controlled using the serial After receiving the string RE RS232 interface 2 Remote Con MOTEXX ON lt lt CR gt gt or after press trol ing the front panel REMOTE ON OFF key the W 4100DSP changes The configuration of the serial into th remot mode Th x RS232 interface 2 and the pre pression xx represents the de setting of the device address vice address within a range 00 may be done in the EO WOON SETUP REMOTE CONTROL menu KEYPAD AND DISPLAY
257. transmitting additionally redun characters a symbol is used dancy was generated by a convo which has a short word length lution encoder with a code rate as is done with the Huffman of 1 2 and a constraint length compression This alphabet is of K 5 i e 2 bits were pro called Varicode duced per bit by 2 polynomials OPERATING MOCES PAGE 72 TUNING OF PSK 31 The first step is to look for a valid PSK 31 signal in the Real Time FFT analysis Because a lot of PSK 31 traffic can be found on the amateur bands it is pos sible that within a bandwidth of 4kHz more than one PSK 31 Signal occurs A typical PSK 31 signal has the following spectrum Tuning a PSK 3I Signal The bandwidth of the display of the spectrum can be switched be tween 500Hz 1000Hz 4000Hz and 24000Hz After that with the left cursor the lower limit and with the right cursor the upper boundary of the interesting sig nal can be selected When the FFT MIE _ intern trans Fra a Hz cursors are placed th center frequency can be calculated and adjusted The bandwidth is fixed to 100Hz to suppress neighboured signals Now PSK 31 can be started by pressing the baudrate button PSK 31 Amateur Traffic 10 12 1999 08 19 24 on the future so i wish you very much fun with psk3l and i hope to work you again Best of 73 and good luck from schaffhausen Temp is 4 d3 To ensure that the system
258. ts of 210 ms traffic anda played in RED Such phase errors 240 ms pause which adds up to a may occur when weak signals are 45 bit block received or during the transmis sion pause of simplex svstems Bv selecting the 96 0 Baud var field and subsequent setting of With the field Nor Polarity the exact baud rate the bit the display of the signal polar ity may be changed This allows transmissions with differing po larities to be displayed in the same way This feature is advan tageous for data comparisons us ing the Extract Bits function Activation of the menu field Start Stop controls the cap turing of data bits which may be further analysed with th ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 35 using the Bit Analyse FJB option is done in exactly the same way as described above The correct settings of the demodu lator may be obtained from the description in the section on the TWINPLEX operating mode The graphic representation is spread over two screen lines corre sponding to the VI and V2 chan Extract Bits function The analysis of F7B systems nels respectively ADDITIONAL MENU EXTRACT BITS IN BITANALYSIS Extract Bts Mame J 5 MA 2 5Bts Move by Fame Move by Bt Move by Bock BockaSze 5 BtQVread O Nomal read Nom Bt Order Show Frames Restore Sreen Pinter is off ADDITIONAL MENU EXTRACT BITS IN BITANALY
259. uency range HF MODES System DUPLEX Baudrate 110 1200 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF BULG ASCII OPERATING MENUE BULG ASCIl Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 110 Baud 150 Baud 180 Baud 200 Baud 300 Baud 600 Baud 96 0 Baud Var TRANSPARENT For BULG ASCII the standard baud crypted messages and files rates 110 to 300 Baud may be di rectly selected Other baud In the ALPHABET TRANSPARENT menu rates up to 1200 Baud may be se field is selected the serial lected using the variable baud interface output is fully trans rate option parent This enables the user to decode other ASCII modes Note BULG ASCII is a full duplex mode The XON XOFF protocol has been using ARQ and variable data removed from the remote control frame length Frames are trans interface f2 to enable this fea mitted with a preceding frame ture counter for transmitted and re ceived frames and an appended A number of different ASCII CRC check sum modes may be monitored having different frame lengths Often ASCII modes using iso the svstems are adaptive so that asvnchronous start stop bit pat the baudrate is dependent on the terns are frequentlv encountered ropagation conditions in the HF bands BULG ASCIT em plovs the standard ITA 5 alpha
260. unction is useful to Remove Call field However display call signs and status the call sign will not be information in addition to mes rased sage only packets To toggle be tween display of I S U frames Clicking the Display Frames and frames only is achieved field causes it to change to by simply clicking the left Display Text In Display trackball button or the ENTER Frames mode all call signs and key on the front panel the entire packet contents are displayed whereas the Display The Monitor ALL function Text mode limits the display to erases all call signs which may text packets only The use of hav been selected using the the latter mode is sufficient in Select Call field and all data packets are redisplayed most cases since all and the system call signs ar dis stat played in any case on the status line For longer decoding ses Sions however the call signs should form part of the output The packet radio protocol is a derivative of the X 25 and HDLC computer network protocols Through the effort of American radio amateurs TAPR low cost equipment has become easily available and packet radio has become very popular Packet ra dio is a synchronous system and data is ASCII characters Infor mation is transferred in blocks frames At the start and end of each block a control character or OPERATING MOCES PAGE 58 The data field can
261. ures cases For reception under normal con ditions the selection of one case or the other is controlled by the reception of the shift characters corresponding to the menu field value LTRS FIGS norm Special alphabets e g Chinese comprise only letters so forcing a shift into lower case mode may be an advantage LTRS only Selecting the LTRS only func tion may also be advantageous when searching for a bit inver sion pattern as the pattern may be more easily recognized In weather code transmissions five figure groups are used so in this case one may force a shift into upper case FIGS only The Unshift On Space UOS func tion forces a shift into lower IAS IS IAS is the abbreviation for ISO ASYNCHRONOUS and SYNCHRONOUS modes Iso asvnchronous modes have start and stop elements like Baudot but the codewords have an integral number of ele ments The IAS function is util ized for the extremelv accurate baud rate determination of a svnchronous or iso asvnchronous bit stream The automatic phase correction VON INTRODUCTION PAGE 12 case after time a space charac ter has been received In this manner the readability of the transmission may be en hanced under poor conditions weak signals or interference Compared to the LTRS only mode UOS MODE has the advan tage that single upper case characters like period and comma are correct
262. ursors symmetrically to each other This function is useful for the compari son of frequency distances Clicking Auto Analyse starts the selcal analysis mode The monitored Signal buffer is searched for valid tone data Testing is sequential and the name of the system under test is displayed Recognized svs tems ar identified below the graphics window When evaluating analogue tone call systems be aware that some system are almost technically identical or only differs in the allocation of tones e g ZVEI 1 and ZVEI 2 A certain degree of tolerance must be shown when testing analogue selcal systems Be prepared for double or multiple identifications ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 22 HF MFSK ANALYSIS The MFSK analysis for the HF analysis is started The de range employs a graphical dis tected frequency values are dis play in two dimensions fre played as pixels quency y axis Both values may be preset This tool was origi A monitored MFSK signal is eas nally developed for the analysis ily recognized as stable lines of analogue tone call systems To stop the horizontally scroll but is equally suitable for ing display click Hold Move evaluation of FSK and MFSK svs The display may be searched to tems In particular the fre the maximum extent of 2750 meas quency and element duration is ured values using the trackball well displayed Analys
263. ve If the tab is not in the write protect position there is a risk of destroying data when the W4100DSP is powered off After the W4100DSP has powered up the boot program stored in EPROMs starts The boot program loads the runtime software into system memory INSTALLATION PAGE 4 DIP SWITCH SETUP s en Schalter ON OFF 1 Standard Monitor Compaq VGA Monitor 2 Development system Program from floppy 3 Standard Video Synch CSynch 4 VSynch negative VSynch positive 5 HSynch negative HSynch positive After removing the W4100DSP rear b ffective after a device re cover plate marked PC XT AT set This may be performed by HOST INTERFACE DIP SWITCHES a pressing the LOAD RESET key or bank of five DIP switches is ac powering the W4100DSP down and cessible up again SWITCH 1 switches on a Compaq SWITCH 3 changes the mode of the type of VGA monitor This moni video sync signals Most moni tor has a displacement of the tors employ separate H and V horizontal position but does Sync signals and thus the not have a potentiometer for switch must be left ON However correction For most other types certain industrial monitors ex of monitors this switch must be pect both sync signals to be in position ON If this switch available on the H line For is left in its OFF position some these monitors the switch must multisync monitors will turn b
264. ves synchronism for each codeword In start stop systems a codeword is wrapped into an envelope consisting of a leading start bit logical 0 and one or more trailing stop bits logical Th for DPTAH2 seh codewords are 1 5 1 5 7 5 bits long Bit synchronization is then achieved by detection of the start element The stop element s serve the purpose of telling the receiver to reset its detec tion mechanisms and wait for the next start bit To ensure proper operation of the mechanical de vices the stop bit was extended to have 1 5 times the length of a data bit which accounts for the term non integral earlier in this section In synchronous systems there is continuous synchronization be tween the sending and receiving devices either by special non printing control characters be ing inserted into the messages at regular intervals or the codewords themselves being con structed to facilitate synchro nism To maintain synchronism special idle or sync characters are transmitted when no traffic is transmitted In contrast to start stop systems only elements having a duration of an integral multiple of the duration of the minimum signal element are used isochronous sequence INTRODUCTION PAGE 21 For burst mode or packet like transmissions a leading preamble of either a sequence of alter nating zeros and ones and or a repeated fix
265. viating from the 3 4 for the SHORT MEDIUM and LONG mark space ratio block types The SWED ARQ mode may be started Given this timing scheme the by selecting a baud rate If the two stations can maintain the transmission channel is subject data link even after losing to very strong interference th block length synchronisation by block length change over might re transmitting the change over be lost By reselecting the baud commands These consist of the rate synchronisation may be re IDLE A IDLE B and other charac established ters but are always three char acters long When phasing the software auto matically detects block length In some RQ cycles SWED ARQ and polaritv makes use of bit center keving OPERATING MOCES PAGE 86 LW oN PLEX Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF TWINPLEX OPERATING MENU TWINPLEX Sgnal Analysis Demodulator Options 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRS FIGS Fixed Shift Var Shift BV1 Channel BV2 Channel MA 2 TWINPLEX F7B is a FSK modulation Twinplex transmissions can have technique with four modulation widely varying shifts Six stan frequencies Two
266. w iia MOOes VHF UHE Dir VHF UHF Ind Satellite Modes i Demodulator Setup Functions DSP 1700Hz Shift 830 Hz window Intern Trans Frq OHz AF l Operator fields Active data input i Aktive shift Tuning indicator limits Active operator field ec Active operator level blue bordered Active demodulator Centre frequency System messages field Translation frequency Tuning indicator Signal input S yrs TEM WIND ow Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4 Field 5 Field 6 Field 7 SITOR ARQ 100 0 Bd Phasing ace The system window displays information about the status of the software Field 1 Mode indication Field 2 Baud rate indication Field 3 Miscellaneous messages Field 4 Signal polarity indication N normal I inverted Field 5 Signal and system state e g Phasing Synch Traffic or Idle Field 6 Miscellaneous messages Field 7 Time and date indication INTRODUCTION PAGE 3 OPERATOR FE I ELD Each menu field of the MAIN pressed For instance if the MENU will activate a submenu STANDARD field is activated the when the left trackball key is STANDARD menu will appear STANDARD MENU SIANDARD Analysis SDRAUO SORARQ STORFEC BAUDOT ASCII CW Morse Packet 300 PACTOR By moving the trackball once 96 0 Baud var or Auto is ac more a mode may be selected and tivated T
267. white Modes designated start of transmission a digital with COLOR transmit colours as header of 5 s is sent OPERATING MOCES PAGE 85 SWD A Ro Frequency range HF MODES Svstem SIMPLEX Baudrate 100 0 Baud Modulation SSB or DIRECT FSK Receiver setting CW LSB or USB Signal sources AF or IF SWED ARQ OPERATING MENU SWED ARQ Sgnal Analysis Auto Demodulator Options 100 0 Baud 96 0 Baud Var Force LIRS AGS SWED ARQ is an adaptive telegra vail the system will switch over phy system which operates at a to medium block length 9 char rate of 100 Baud acters or to long blocks 22 characters In case of inter Three different block lengths ferenc th block length is are used in SWED ARQ The short automatically reduced The block block containing three charac length is displayed on the ters is essentially the same as screen status line as either the SITOR ARQ mode If favour short middle or long able propagation conditions pre 3char pause 3char pause 3char pause 3char pause short 210ms 240ms 210ms 240ms 210ms 240ms 210ms 240ms 9character pause 9character pause i 630ms 270ms 630ms 270ms middle 22 character pause 1540ms 260ms long The illustration depicts the and maintains a request counter protocol of data transmission of cycles de
268. written START Giai Gal ACK received slawe qz written CK received master qz written CK received applik qz written ACK received ma Success x W 4100 DSP download finished My Computer PROGRAM FLOW ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 64 COMMUNICATION Remove W4100DSP programme floppy disk from the disk drive HOST switches W4100DSP off HOST switches W4100DSP on Program HOST interface to COM 9600 Baud 8 Data bits 1 Stopp bit No Parity Handshake none HOST sends ENQ and waits for re sponse Timeout 2s W4100DSP searches the disk Timeout after 25 seconds HOST sends file File length is binary 32 bit longword 4 Bytes HOST waits for acknowledgement or Error message HOST sends file File length is binary 32 bit Longword 4 Bytes HOST waits for acknowledgement or Error message HOST repeats file transfer HOST waits for acknowledgement HOST sends File ENQ ENQ ACK loader gz 32 bit longword of file length in bytes packet file data F A gt error message gt slave gz 32 bit longword of file length in bytes packet file data gt error message gt slave gz 32 bit longword of file length in bytes packet file data gt master gz 32 bit longword of file length in bytes ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAGE 65 PROGRAM FLOW COMMUNICATION HOST waits fo
269. xperienced he delay is not compensated for The data to be compared are av eraged once again and a small hvsterics is added The result ing flag has direct influence on the frequencv data written to the analvsis buffer R 9000 R 8500 R 7000 EG E 1900 3 QAQ AQ DHHH he nois gat to work Even when fully functional a 80 100 ms delay is experienced The delay is not compensated for requires some time ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS PAG VHF UHF SELCAL ANALYSIS GI 20 The SELCAL analysis for the VHF UHF A monitored analogue tone call is range employs a graphical display easily recognized as stable lines in two dimensions frequency y To stop the horizontally scrolling axis and time x axis Both val display click Hold Move The dis ues mav be preset This tool was plav mav be searched to the maximum developed for the analvsis of ana extent of 2750 measured values us logue tone call svstems ing the trackball After clicking SELCAL Analysis Bnalysis on off restarts monitor analysis is started The detected ing frequency values are displayed as pixels Tracking Rate determines the sam pling rate The range is 1 15 ms default is 2 ms ANALOGOS ZVEI 2 SELECTIVE CALL Cursor 1 Fre Cursor 1 Cursor 2 Fre Cursor 2 quency Value Time Value quency Value Time Value 3666 Hz fa ee ret an Fee e
270. ype has been success ful in particular That is the convolution code in which the value of the parity bits depends of the values of a number of preceding data bits The data bits are shifted through a shift register with taps The output at the taps are extorted to form the value of the parity bits After convolution the bits ar interleaved to further im prove noise immunity FEC A is such a code INTRODUCTION PAGE 25 DUPLEX MODES HF DUPLEX MODES MENU DUPLEX Analysis ARQ E ARQ E3 ARQ N ARQ M2 342 ARQ M2 242 ARQ M4 342 ARQ M4 242 DURARQ DUP ARQ 2 POLARQ BULG ASCII Full duplex mode is used when Full duplex equipment transmits in case of point to point con an acknowledgement on frequency nections there is a need for f2 for data blocks received on Simultaneous two way communica fl Should any one of the two tion In case of voice communi frequencies be subject to dis cation duplex permits simulta turbances the transfer of data neous and independent direc in either direction becomes im tions of speech like an ordi possible nary telephone connection Full duplex data communications is By employing ARQ data protec used when there is a need for a tion equipment and the corre very high data throughput in sponding coding it is possible both directions e g on the even on poor short wave links main radio links of diploma
271. ysis is started shift and baudrate are at first extracted from the ra dio signal VHF UHF modes ar MPT1327 1343 PACKET 1200 ZVEI VDEW The purpose of Code Analysis is to determin th mode of transmission baudrate shift and center frequency If a mode is uniquely identified the software will change into the actual monitored mode using the measured values of mode baudrate and shift The POCSAG mode is started using Auto Speed This will enable the monitoring of radio nets us ing continuously changing baudrates ANALYSIS WORK order to do this the incoming bit stream is sampled with an interrupt of five times the measured baudrate Each of the often characterized by transmit ting data in bursts and thus a noise gate is required to ensure five samples are shifted through separate shift registers and are compared to the synch sequence that the analysis tools only for every mode process valid signals Otherwise the parameters would exhibit Ideally if a synch sequence is false values depending on th detected all five sampled bit noise in the channel sequences should be exactly After shift and baudrate have been determined the value of these parameters are transferred to the demodulator The actual mode must now be determined identical to the sync codeword In reality three consecutive and identical comparisons are deemed
272. ystem is working with 100 aud and a shift of 170 Hz On HF the speed is 1200 baud and Z o E a O ct transmissions Part of the whole he tones are located at 1300 H system is the DSC Digital Se nd 2100 Hz center 1700 Hz lective Calling Each user of the GMDSS gets a nine digit num The complex structures of the ber MMSI Maritime mobile Ser DSC are described in detail in vice Identity from the mobile the ITU Rec 493 4 maritime service 3 digits of this number are used as a coun try code OPERATING MODES PAGE 42 CGO L A Frequency range VHF UHF MODES System PAGER Baudrate 300 600 bit s adaptive Modulation DIRECT FM Receiver setting FM 15 0 KHz narrow Signal source IF only GOLAY OPERATING MENU GOLAY Sgnal Analysis Demodulator Options 300 600 Baud The GOLAY pager system origi dle a maximum of 400 000 ad nates in the USA and is based on the binary code of Marcel Golay GOLAY has been in use since 1973 and the first standard defined only tone calling and could han dresses Since 1982 the system allows for alphanumeric trans missions and up to 4 million ad dresses may be selected via a coded preamble GOLAY ADDRESSING FORMAT 23 bits 23 bits gt 14 bits gt 12 data 11 parity 12 data 11 parity gt 4 o 1 word 2 word Comma 200 ms This illustration shows the ba bit s
273. z 16 0 KHz 50 1600 10 9600 0 6 KHz 50 HZ l 5 WPM 5 2400 Hz 1800 Hz 0 4 kHz 1 16 0 kHz 10 685 MH 0 Hz Baud 16 0 KHz 200 Hz 00 WPM 6 0 kHz 1 5 MHz 10 715 MH 0 4 kHz 3 25 0 2400 0 4 kHz 1 16 0 kHz 10 685 MH D kHz Bits s 6 0 kHz 1 5 MHz 10 715 MH 0 4 kHz 3 25 0 2400 D kHz Bits s DPSK Demodulator AF input frequency range HF input frequency range IF input frequency range Center frequency Symbol rate PCM Input Standarisation Bitrate Amount Bits per Time Slot Sampling rate Amount Time Slots per Frame Control frames Time Slot 0 Time Slot 16 Amount Frames per Multiframe PCM Modulation Standardisation Modulation type Sampling rate Amount Bits per Time Slot Encoding procedure Transmission mode Audio Output Frequency range D A Converter Output voltage Digital Receiver Input RACAL data format 0 4 16 10 0 4 25 0 CCI APPENDIX PAGE kHz 16 0 kHz O kHz 1 5 MHz 685 MHz 10 715 MHz kHz 3 5 kHz 2400 Bits s ITT G 704 2 048 MBit s 8 numbered from 1 to 8 8000 Hz CEPT 32 Slots O and 16 Frame alignment Multiframe aligment FAS MAS 16 numbered from 0 to 15 CCITT G 711 Pulse Code Modulation PCM 8000 Hz 4 50 ppm 8 A law or U law Bit 1 MSB

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