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3.3. Program settings

1. Hc 0 5 10 15 20 25 M o geoO_channellxxx gpr 2 Border of filter 1 m Steepness of filter p 0 122 f2 0 562 C small middle C large Lx Print i 2 Bandwidth f 4 6 8 10 0 010 0 0171 m 1039 U OF8 U156 U313 0 625 250 500 in 12 D 0 5 0 5 65473018 Figure 5 14 20 Radarogram before the horizontal filtering 92 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA It is necessary to take into account in radarogram processing that the signals from the extended objects corresponds to low frequency spectrum range The signals of local not extended objects correspond to higher space frequencies 5 14 12 Reverse filtering The reverse filtering helps to increase resolution capability In order to apply this processing mode select item Reverse filtering from menu Processing or press key combination Ctrl Shift O in the keyboard After that window Trace window will be displayed on the screen Figure 5 14 21 which offers can select reference signal The chosen signal should be the most representative species 1 e it is recommended to select the place where the specific reflections from the layers or local objects are available and it is not recommended to choose the forward signal or part of noises In addition it should be taken into account that not the entire line but only the neighborhood of the desired readout indication equal to the signal duration is chosen for the
2. Delete selected file s Files not selected sove Files then coping Files not selected Karak Refresh t Select destination e PU s list of files folder Figure 3 5 2 Profile moving from Processing Unit Create new folder on the Copy all files to the computer Copy selected files to the computer Copy selected files from the computer to the processing unit Copy all files from selected folder of the computer to the processing unit 17 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA All files which are stored in CPU s memory including the palette files CS are displayed in the left side of the window The folder tree located on the right side of the Profile moving from Processing Unit window displays the folders of your file system as a tree Select folder for copying files Full adress of the folder is displayed in the line Destination folder In order to create a new folder add its name to this line and press the key Create folder There are provided four keys for file copying the functional meaning of which is described in Figure 3 5 2 1 Before the beginning of copying mark one or several files for coping with the help of the mouse keys Ctrl or Shift in the keyboard 2 Copy all files by pressing one of the copy keys Figure 2 3 32 3 Wait for completion of copying and close the window by pressing the OK button 3 6 Reference system Interface
3. Description Profile start position Information about the antenna unit with the help of which the scanning was performed Scanning mode Signal accumulation which has been set during a profile record Streight mm e Date and time of the profile creation It is automatically x mmigrad min recorded according to the data of the recording device Y mmjarad min z mm Notebook Control and processing unit i Compress Grad Cancel Figure 5 2 1 Profile header window Chapter Scan parameters contains the parameter data that are applied in scanning All parameters can be changed e Creation time date and time of file creation Initially coincides with value in a header and can be updated e Step by X The parameter value corresponds to the scanning pitch which is selected in the scanning mode After updating the horizontal scale a scale of distance is drawn according to a selected value e Time scale The value corresponds to the parameter Time scale which was selected during the profile record After changing the parameters the timeline will be drawn according to a selected value e Epsilon The value of dielectric permittivity The value of dielectric permittivity changes automatically after the epsilon measuring with the help of Hyperbole option e Threshold value defines the place of starting from zero in the depth scale Zero of a scale is bound to the place where the signa
4. My Pictures saving Profile properties Select name oe Save az type am can3 profiles gpr gpr Cancel Figure 4 5 2 File saving window 2 x ti In the file saving window the key Profile properties Figure 4 5 3 which allows to edit the file header window in file saving is accessible as well as the other keys do As a rule the forwarding information on a profile is written down in this window such forwarding information includes commentaries which fill in the corresponding field of a profile header as well as the names of operators and scanning objects After saving the profile with the user forwarding information the program GeoScan32 will automatically start applying it to the next profiles saved by it 50 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Profile properties C Documents and Settings 4nton Pabounr cTon PROO2 GPR 1021x512 serial 0 profile 0 received by 46 90 in mode by distance signals additing 6 shift 16 was changed 3001 27009 16 09 21 Scanning options Creation time 3001 2009 16 09 21 Step by mm hi Time scale ns 400 Epsilon f zooo Treshold value 2000 00 Antenn base mm fiqoo 0 y Profile descriptions Operator ooo OE Description of object objects conditions Description fF a profile Description wheel Description Profile start position rene aana Coordinates of the File size x mmigradmin foo compression Y mmigrad
5. Figure 4 3 14 Edit window of the parameter Button New allows to memorize a new set after the title input Button Delete deletes a chosen set from the list button Change allows to edit the name and assigns the parameters prescribed in the window Scanning parameters to the available sets 32 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BAaTeJIA Calibrate calibration of a odometer In some cases due to circumstances or features of a surface the odometer supposes a tangible systematic error of measurements For example in case of movement on a smooth slippery surface or loose sand indications of the wheel sensor are underestimated and in case of movement on stony soil they can exceed actual displacement For calibration of the sensor before the beginning of a profile record open the panel Odometer calibration Figure 4 3 15 by choosing the item of the contextual menu or by pressing a combination of keys Ctrl T Distance sensor colibration Measure a test distance some tens of meters are recommended on a roulette and put distance length in millimeters into a window Etalon distance then install the antenna unit so that the wheel of the odometer was on a zero datum of a distance Press the key Start and move the antenna unit with the odometer along a reference distance thus it is not necessary to write down a file After the wheel of the odometers on a final mark of a distance repeatedly press
6. R A full description of profile recording and saving is given in Chapter 4 4 e Step use this button for recording each new trace in Step by step mode In others modes button allows to affix a mark A detailed description of scanning modes is given in Chapter 4 3 4 2 e Save 1 Record key is held the Save key allows to save the recorded data which are stored in the RAM of a computer from the moment of pressing Record button 2 Record is released Save key allows to save a file of a 2 screens size Keyboard shortcut S A detailed description of a file saving order is in Chapter 4 5 e Param opening Scanning parameters window Keyboard shortcut P A detailed description of scanning parameters is in Chapter 4 3 4 4 3 2 Visualization setting Use slider controls for changing brightness contrast and gain level Figure 4 3 2 lt j3 i pae Select Gain AGC Gain adjustment Figure 4 3 2 Visualization setting panel All sliders are designated to change parameters of radarogram drawing If the slider moves to the left the parameter values decrease and 1f it moves to the right they increase For returning to default values left click on button for intensity and button for contrast 23 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 3 3 Current trace oscillogram The oscillogram accepted at a current time of a trace Figure 4
7. The markers will be linked by linear segments if option Spline item Spline in the menu Options is Off and by flowing lines if it is On If there was a mistake in the course of putting markers or a cross was put in a wrong place press the icon AK to delete the last marker entry It is also possible to delete a marker by choosing the item Delete Marker in menu Markers Figure 6 4 1 The Markers are deleted one by one in the reverse order but the last two markers are deleted together The command Return Ctrl Shift Z deletes all pre set Markers After the layer is drawn it may be required to be extended to the left or to the right up to the end of the profile There are related commands of the contextual menu for this case Left and Right Figure 6 6 1 104 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 6 4 2 Semi automatic drawing layers In order to simplify the long profile processing the program GeoScan32 assumes a panel which allows to draw layers in semi automatic mode In order to call it select the item Auto in the menu Markers Figure 6 4 1 The panel Autostationing is shown in Figure 6 4 2 Aubostationing Criterion C Minimum E t Phase C Phase driving Direction tothelel v tothe ric Length Layer Figure 6 4 2 Panel Autostationing There are some options in the panel Autostationing which preset the automatic mode of plottin
8. File View Options ssl Help Figure 4 4 16 Start of GPS info panel 2 Open GPS info dialog from scanning mode Open Scanning parameters window and to tick off against the caption On in GPS group Figure 4 4 17 and close window by pressing OK button x Optional devises Barcode Start GPS info o B Speed 38400 Choose connection panel i m On port Fort COH A Connection speed 3600 x speed On Figure 4 4 17 Adjustment of GPS in scanning parametres 43 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeJIA 3 It is Also possible to open the panel by pressing a key G in the keyboard or by choosing an item GPS from the contextual menu which can be opened by right clicking in a window of scanning Adjustment of speed and port choice is carried out both in parametres of scanning and in a window GPS info With the open panel GPS info program GeoScan32 guards port RS232 chosen by the user its number can be different In case there are enough GPS satellites the satellite quantity is shown in line Sat the program displays the data about real time in line Time about current position of the aerial in lines Breath Longitude Height The route of movement of the GPS receiver aerial is shown with the dark blue line in a window GPS info in the same place the co ordinate grid which scale can change is drawn Figure 4 4 16 A key H is used to move cur
9. For this select the area of the radarogram in the part of intensive interfering signal is defined visually Interference spectrum will be displayed in the opening window Segment spectrum By means of f1 amp f2 adjust the filter in such a way that maximum artifact level is in the field of filter action Figure 5 14 15 It is not recommended to cut the wider part of the spectrum because of the danger to eliminate the useful part of the signal The radarogram is shown in Figure 5 14 16 after application of band elimination filtering It is obvious that it is a masking effect of interfering signal rereflection and the reflection from the desired cable is clearly seen HE 1720 1770 1220 1870 1920 1970 2020 2070 cM l a ee ee ety e Ml RejectFilterBefore gpr 4 Sele panye danbTpa Mu KpyTH3Ha rneTp fi fois fe o o73 C Manaa F Cpeanaa Bonbwaa E Print 1 0021 Nonoca nogaeneHHa 500 Maximum of undesired g 1 00n 40 signal ein a0 2 000 70 a0 an a SUM L _ JOSO 118r o T7 of 13 Dim i i i nm PaHHub HAbTpa Mru KpyTHSHa DHObTpa LO Fl 0 559 F2 0 006 Manag Cpeguaa Bonbwaa E Print i n Nonoca no 46neHHA io EHD uo So Figure 5 14 16 Image and profile spectrum after filtering 90 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA 5 14 11 Horisontal filter Processing mode Horizontal filter 1s applied for extraction or elimination of the executi
10. K OCAM EPES T LAE a EE Hyr x atiny C p yenorTannaAB 1700 130PR000S dxf o Jlo6asHTb WeHTp KoopaAMHaT UCS CH Pa3me Ii BepTHEAaNH PasMep wpMdta mpu a j 100 MM Z a l Cb YEpE3 Kay ble aBTo pasmep noanMce MM ioana k Hacrpo ka OCAM B MM uHTeppana If TOpHsoHTand PasmMep wpMTa Ta 3 oceli B MM Och Hepes kawabe 100 I MM ABTO PASMEp NOANHceH j mM W T OpH3OHTANH Yepes BECk YEpT W if BbIBECTH BEPTHKANEHbIE METKH MHPOpMauWMA 0 CoA M EAMHHUbI HepTEXA OTPHCOBKA CNO B bu1ok If OGabHTb HHCOPMAuHHO o cioa 3anonHHTb CNOH P HaCTpO KH meTpei See pa3MeTKH if DPOHyMepobaTb CNOH Ha 4epTexKe C moi yepTexka PasMep H MaCWTab YepTewa f Macuwtabnox d 1 Macutab no 1 1 p Ej s NHHa al M Beicota al H Hactpolika A al PeasIbHbie MaclITaoa PEPER pa3MepbI HEPTEKA BEms 9KCIIOpTupyemor Seen pazmep npoden 6 rayvoRHY 0 242 m o npodusia B MM OTHOCHTEJIbBHO OpHTHHAJIbH IX pa3MepoB PeanbHbIH pazmep npodena 6 ANKHY 1 34 m BepxHaa PpaHHua mM PROOOS Idk ET IIpeqBaputebHbm IIpOCMOTp a i a il eRe ae eS ae ee Ge eA GE ii iie i i i i i Cl Ds ae pe3yJIbTaTOB SKCIIOpTa SRCHOPTHPORATE S4KPbITE Figure 6 7 1 Parameters of export into dxf In order to export a marking along the axes of X and Y a corresponding tick mark is to be put in the axes box There is an option of setting up th
11. GeoScan32 PVKOBOJICTBO IIOJIB30BaATeJ1A 4 5 Profiles saving The main tool for saving profiles is the key Save in the main window of a scanning mode Figure 4 5 1 An alternative to this key is the keys S and Enter E EtherNet 46 1700 Shift Rough Scale Gain Begin Distance File Stacks FS Fl Flmmel FL Speed If a profile record is not logged the key Record om Gain ae Cont Figure 4 5 1 Profile saving key Save a file of 2 screens size is saved If a profile record is being logged the key Record is held then on pressing the key Save the file the length of which is no more than the parameter Traces amount is saved 4615km 0 00kmeh is not held then on pressing the key In any case the key pressing leads to a call of the window Save a file Figure 4 5 2 in which the selection of the path for the file saving and its name setting A file name can be set by a user or generated automatically In this case a profile is assigned a type name Pxxxx_xxxx gpr 2 the first part of the file name being the value specified in the parameter File series number and the second part is a file sequence number For example the first file in series 21 will be saved as P0021_0000 gpr2 Save a file 0 P0000_0000 gpr2 Save ire O My Documents d rE Ej My Recent Choose folder for Documents Profile properties
12. Hor med filter from the Processing menu is the same as median filtering but operates in horizontal direction The option can be effective for the interference elimination of cell phones 5 14 4 Trend deleting Trend removal is efficient in case of interfering signal existing which are caused by error equipment or external noise pickup They can not be removed by typical filtering For processing select the item Trend deleting in Processing menu or press the keys combination Ctrl Shift T Trend order parameter Figure 5 14 1 allows defining a degree describing complexity of interfering signal It is not recommended to use a degree of a trend above five 5 14 5 Profile reversion 5 14 5 1 Reversion of one profile Processing allows changing a direction of the profile on opposite that was at the left becomes on the right and vice versa The reverse of a profile can be useful when georadar scanning was made in the opposite direction than necessary For example the road scanning is made in the direction of kilometrage reduction or at areal survey of the surface during which are moved by turns to the left to the right in double bend way Choose the item Reverse in Processing menu or click the keys combination Ctrl Shift R on the keyboard or press the left mouse button on an icon on the processing toolbar for processing 84 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 14 5 2 Reversion of
13. The order of profiles record makes no difference In a case the operator began scanning along one line for example No 15 and has finished in any other for example No 16 then the record will be considered incorrect and line 15 will again be painted in dark blue color 4 4 6 3 Completion of work Scanning is completed or goes to another direction when all lines of the current direction are painted in green color In addition an operator can Besides the operator can independently leave a mode by pressing the button thus files of already written down passages will remain in the chosen folder The name of files corresponds to a line number figure 1 is added to the name of horizontal files Example e File of vertical line No 19 will be stored with the name POOOO_OO19 e File of horizontal line No 19 will be stored with the name POOOO_O119 In the course of saving files the program creates a text file in which all saved files names their saving order saving time and size are stored 48 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 4 7 Scanning in mode Iron seeking The mode Iron seeking is designated for reinforcement search in building structures is used on operation with high frequency antenna units To activate this mode it is necessary to select the item of the same name in the menu View of the main window of the program GeoScan32 Figure 4 4 24 After activation a tick mark is against the
14. a E e e x marara A Profile on line without regarding to the earlier recorded values This procedure is accomplished in the panel Trace properties Figure 5 9 14 Activation of Figure 5 9 15 option Position account T1 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Distance variation to trace from the profile beginning is accomplished in the part of the window Trace position from the beginning Before entering new values click the button Positions reset with the left mouse button then the position of all traces will become equal to zero Then put in the first trace position of the profile no need to do this if it is equal to a zero in the window Position mm then press Apply Set the positions for the other traces the position of which is known according to the same scheme and press the button Calculate positions Trace properties The trace O 1 received in 12h 25m 1 3965 Trace position from the beginning Position rami 0 Positions reset Calculate positions Relative coordinates From the beginning coordinate Emm 0 Y coordinate arn 0 Z coordinate fmm 0 Reset Spline Line Figure 5 9 15 Adjustment of trace position on the panel Trace Properties Pressing of this key you display the enquiry window and if you wish to recount the position of traces taking into account the entered values and the set step of scanning press Yes Redistribution of lines in
15. and the choice of dimension m will lead to the fact that 10 values of the layer depth and thickness at the points that are at a distance of 1m from each other will be written in the file Vertical position the choice of the value Height results in export of the profile layer height data i e layers which are located higher have a greater value than the lower ones The choice of the value Depth allows to export the data of layer depth in this case the lower is the layer the greater is its value When the option Road is chosen the data of all file layers are exported When the option Concrete is active only the data of the upper layer are exported in addition the name Concrete is automatically assigned to it The example of the exported file is shown in the Figure 6 7 4 E Layers on profile Microsoft Internet Explorer Main paska Bra Ws6panHoe Cepenc Cnpaska J P x a A S Nonck Se ve6pantioe 4 lt gt g AApec C Documents and Settings 4nton Pabounn cron PROOZ ldt htm v Nepexoa CcbinkH 3 5 material depth cm thick cm material depth thickness materal depth thickness material depth thickness 1733 Layer 2 509 433 Layer 3 932 491 Layer 5 1796 311 531 Layer 2 531 448 Layer 3 979 1467 Layer4 1447 369 559 Layer 2 559 440 Layer 3 999 466 Layer 4 1466 373 578 Layer 2 424 Layer 3 1002 471 Layer 4 1473 375 586 Layer 2 586 398 Layer 3 985 503 Layer 4 1489 359 585 Layer 2
16. description e i j Left edge S g 1957 i Figure 5 9 6 Choice of a visible area In order to cancel the choice of a visible area it is necessary to indicate the order number of the first trace of a profile usually 0 and that of the last one it is indicated under the file name see Figure 5 9 6 in the windows At the left and On the right 5 9 5 Labels on a profile Photo labels As it has already been said in scanning an operator has an opportunity to put down a label of different type Photo labels or named labels in a profile Accordinly in the course of radarogram processing and interpretation the user can change the already set labels and create new ones ue 0 10 20 30 40 50a 100 150 J 200 Figure 5 9 7 Labels 73 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO IHOJIB30BAaTeJIA In mode of interpretations a name and a color is assigned to each label on a profile If neither was set by the user in advance then all labels are displayed in red color with the numerical name which corresponds to an installation order on a profile Figure 5 9 7 To hide labels or to show the hidden labels choose the item Show markers in the menu View click the mark in toolbar or press keys Ctrl L in the keyboard Editing of labels is carried out in the panel Trace properties which opens from a window Viewfinder by pressing the button Properties Figure 5 9 8 Trace
17. shortcut is V in Figure 4 3 10 This button accepts three values 1 Migr On migration mode 2 Cont Continuous mode 3 Step Step by step mode Shift Rough Scale Gain Begin Distance File Stacks Speed as z gga a E e ap Raa ey Tl Tl 0 0 kmh _ Gain Figure 4 8 10 Scanning mode change key 30 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Optional panel The optional panel opens by pressing the button gt gt Figure 4 3 11 Some options which are used not so often as the rest ones are included in it in addition this panel adjusts operation settings with optional devices such a bar code and GPS Work with these devices will be considered in Chapters 4 4 5 and 4 4 6 Scanning parameters EJ Scanning parameters EJ Basic parameters Samples Amount Traces Amount Stack Epsilon x10 Time Scale ns File series Number Scroll speed Gain Gain factor Gain profile Alignment Window Scanning mode Exponent z 25 C Step by step f Continuous C On migration Interval between traces mm Reverse odd files 100 Select odometer Ss Basic parameters Samples Amount Traces Amount Stack Epsilon 10 Time Scale ns File series Number Scroll speed Gain Gain factor Gain profile Exponent 10 a Alignment Window Scanning mode Step by step Continuous On migration Interval between traces mm 1100 Reverse od
18. the key Start then the OK The odometer will be calibrated Sounds Switching on off of the accompanying sound in program GeoScan32 Sometimes it is useful to switch on a sound volume since the basic actions of the program the beginning of record origin of an error the dropout of a line etc are accompanied by characteristic sounds Pause Switching on off of the accompanying sound in program GeoScan32 Sometimes it is useful to switch on a sound volume since the basic actions of the program the beginning of record origin of an error the dropout of a line etc are accompanied by characteristic sounds keyboard shortcuts Z or Pause GPS activation of a panel working with GPS A detailed information about work with GPS is described in Chapter 4 4 5 Bore hole activation of the panel to control a bore hole GPR Work description in a window is delivered together with the device itself Event log a window where the auxiliary information during scanning is mapped It is used in mode of Continuous saving and during operation with the barcode scanner VideoScreen activation of the control panel by means of data from a videocamera and by placing photo lables on a profile The detailed description of operation with a video camera is given in section 4 4 2 Exit transfer from a mode of scanning into the main window of the program also it is possible to use keys X and Esc on t
19. 1 Epsilon measurement Hyperbola To define the dielectric permittivity the program GeoScan32 stipulates the option Hyperbola To activate this option select the item Hyperbola in menu Options or left click mo an icon in the toolbar GeoScan3 PROO27 GPR File Edit view Windows femia Processing Scripts Help D o gt El Gl amp Antenna Settings File properties Ctrl H xe 0 Change Colours Ctrl I Split File Deconvolution options Process parameters Ctri Shift P Spectrum v Hyperbole Inclination Godograph interval averaging Figure 5 6 1 Choice of the option Hyperbola This instrument allows calculate dielectric permittivity using the reflection from the local object Overlay a hyperbola on object reflection the first reference point of a measuring hyperbola is marked at the top of hyperbolic reflection by clicking the left mouse button Figure 5 6 2 The second reference point is marked at the bottom of the straightened part of hyperbolic reflection at the bottom of one of the half hyperbola by clicking the right mouse button 59 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeIA It is important to make in phase operation at overlaying of a hyperbola The calculated value of epsilon displayed in right bottom part of program window Jj GeoScan32 PROO31 GPR ee avin Nipaska Bra _OKHa l Onunn Area with calculated Cie 6a epsilon so Ef al PR0031 GPR wR 2 n S Ca H
20. 3 3 is displayed in the left part of a scanning mode window In this field display form of a signal its maximum amplitude and a vertical scale which can be expressed in nanoseconds time of an electromagnetic wave in the environment Figure 4 3 3 a or centimeters penetration depth of this wave Figure 4 3 3 b For switching a scale type from nanoseconds to centimeters click it by the left mouse button 12727 O HE 13130 o ci Maximum amplitude oo mm oo E lioscttcdaocorlaocorlaorurlyay a b Figure 4 3 3 The oscillogram in a scanning mode window 4 3 4 Scanning parameters 4 3 4 1 The scanning mode window Most often changeable scanning parameters are given in the field marked with orange color in Figure 4 2 2 some of them are doubled in a window Scanning parameters Section 4 3 4 2 shift Rough Scale Gain Begin _ Begin Distance File Stacks Speed z 4 3 4 A CKAHHpPOBAHHS B OKHE CKAHMPOBAHHA e Shift parameter Shift allows to adjust smoothly vertical displacement of a signal to move a signal of electromagnetic interference appendix 3 closer to the upper edge of a profile Change of the parameter is effected by left clicking the arrows upwards rise of a signal or downwards omitting of a signal For automatic setting of a shift press the button Shift At hand operated setting of shift it 1s not necessary to exhaust a signal beyond the window borders in or
21. 6 2 Layer part selection In order to cancel selection of a single layer chose the contextual menu item Deselect and for all layers item Deselect layers in the menu Layers 107 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 6 6 2 Delete layers In order to delete the layers the program provides several tools e Delete the selected part or the whole layer the item Delete in the contextual menu Figure 6 6 1 To use this tool select layer part or whole layer then choose the contextual menu item Delete It is necessary to call the contextual menu just under the selected field e Delete the extracted layers the item Delete layers in the menu Layers The tool allows to delete any quantity of the selected layers To use it select one or several layers then activate the Delete layers item e Delete all layers the item Delete all layers in the menu Layers The tool allows delete all profile layers no matter whether they are selected or not For usage it is enough to initialize the item Delete all layers Deletion does not cover the The top layer 6 6 3 Layer editing Layer points fixing Program GeoScan32 provides an opportunity to fix any two points of a layer not more It may be useful when it is required to change the form of a small part of a layer or to connect two different layers with each other Right click under the layer point which is requi
22. 72 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 9 3 Compacting Profile adding The function Compacting is accessible in the menu Edit At a choice of this menu item each second trace is deleted thus the size of a radarogram can be reduced two times and if a profile contains long layers it will not affect readability of a picture 5 9 2 In the same menu there is an item Append which allows to add a profile to the already available one After choosing this item the file selection window opens and after pressing the button Open a new one will be positioned to the right of the already open profile 5 9 4 Selection of visible profile traces Function of a choice of a visible part of a profile is usually used at work with long profiles Change of a visible part allows to process an interesting part of a profile saving it entirely To open a panel Figure 5 9 6 choose item Visible part in the menu View The information about the name of a profile and its sizes is displayed in the top part of the window Visible part To choose a visible part enter the left and the right edge Then in a window Size of a part click it with the left mouse button will be displayed the size of visible area of a profile If you change the value in the window Site size independently the value of the right boundary is automatically recalculated by the program isible Part F241 9kmi geo0_channell xxx gpr Profile 3915x851 2
23. Automatic Gain Control W Gain Profile G Eg e Auto i 25 gt i 5 Max wndw Horizontal dimension of Vertical dimension window of window Figure 5 8 7 Activation of AGC mode In addition the AGC mode can be entered by clicking the icon in visualization toolbar Figure 5 8 3 The signal in this mode speeds by the entire depth so that the absolute max signal value is a constant value in any prescribed window In this case the value in the left window Figure 5 8 7 is a vertical dimension of a window and the one in the right window is the horizontal dimension of a window When horizontal dimensions of an automatic control window are big more than 2 4 digits the check out time rises sharply When window width is equal to a quantity of traces in a profile computation is performed fast enough it is suitable to use button Max Width for installation of that sort of window width 69 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeJIA 5 9 Work with traces 5 9 1 The oscillogram of the trace Trace window dialog Profile in program GeoScan32 shows a set of all accepted lines panel Trace window Figure 5 9 1 allows investigate each line separately in detail To call this panel use item Trace window from the menu View or press a key Space in the keyboard or left click the icon 4 in the toolbar Values of time depth scale E PR0071 GPR Sele Trace Window Edit 0 00 m 2 88ns Pro
24. GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeA While scanning in mode On migration pay special attention to the displacement velocity and be sure that it won t exceed the permitted one The permitted velocity depends on the stack parameter A radarogram is painted in black color in those places where the permitted velocity is exceed Figure 4 4 2 1 e a vertical black line is drawn of the instead of a missing trace besides a sound signal is heard tailavccilaceodboacadorcabaeer aaa doa SERERRRRRRRRRR RARER Figure 4 4 2 A radaragram part when the trace is missing On retention of a file the missing traces are nowise denoted that is why in order to receive the materials suitable for processing try to move without exceeding the permitted velocity In order to rewrite the missing traces it is necessary to come a little back to the zone where the traces passed right meanwhile a radarogram will also move a little back and on resuming the onward motion to complete the profile without blanks When the operation is executed in mode Step by step Tthe traces are recorded by pressing the key Step in a scanning window or by pressing the keyboard shortcuts Space or Insert as was described below in this case when recording a trace it is desirable to fasten the antenna unit motionless 4 4 1 Labeling in profile scanning 4 4 1 1 Ordinal labels Program GeoScan32 provides a possibility of labeling during profile record Fo
25. GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 3 4 2 The Scanning parameters window The Scanning parameters window Figure 4 3 5 is entered by pressing the key Param Figure 4 3 1 and allows to set all parameters which are used in scanning The window is divided into the groups of similar parameters For application of default parameters press the key Default Scanning parameters Basic parameters Samples Amount Traces Amount Stack Epsilon x10 Time Scale ns File series Number Scroll speed Gain Gain factor Gain profile Exponent Alignment Window 25 Apply parameters 66 29 Scanning mode by default Step by step Continuous On migration Interval between traces mm 100 Open optional settings panel Reverse odd files Select odometer Cancel Default Figure 4 3 5 The window Scanning parameters Basic parameters e Samples Amount Maximum 511 points Parameter value may be decreased together with the loss of part of information in the lower part of the radarogram For example if a samples amount changes from 512 to 256 at time scale of 50 ns the signal will be cut off from below exactly by half and time scale will change from 5Ons to 25ns Traces amount this parameter limits the trace quantity in the recorded profile Traces are recorded in a program buffer until their quantity reaches the value of this parameter all traces accepted by the program wil
26. I E E E E E T E A A N E A E namie 51 a Wins Ap COOS SaN 8 TS aR MRR eae eee RE TN get mR ie ere re Nhe PSRPePT eo eS ORTON TN TRY OO 52 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJIA 5 PROFILE INTERPRETATION iaioa a ea a a aeaa a 53 5 1 Program window in interpretation MOE c ccccecsesssseceeseeeeseeeeeesensenenseseneeees 53 5 2 Information about profile xacvcziccicecesccceetiectceetixcsce ete ties eect eee 54 5 3 Control of windows with profiles The menu WindOoWwS sssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 55 54 Mod s of protile Mapping wicisicccincccacerecccecciecciacatactcacetecskecniweccacenemcececeateaccsmceeadcees 57 99 Mapping Se le arisa a 58 5 6 Measuring TOOIS ssrin aaa a ceencesicecncecedeeaduecdcencucccvencuuecereceveceaneues 59 5 6 1 Epsilon measurement Hyperbola ccc cecccceecccseeecceeceeeeeeenencecenseeaeseeseneeeseseeeeneeeees 59 5 6 2 Wave velocity measurement Inclination sseesseenseesseesssesssersserssersserssersserssersserssees 61 5 6 3 Velocity and epsilon measurement GodOgraph sssesseesssesssessserssersserssersserssersserssees 62 5 6 4 Depth and distance Measure me Mice icsesecs deste es aetwce iadidesedlac es eeaeaadta ides ease dome 63 5 7 Additonal profile SMAD 1O sisisi siaaa aaa aa aaa aaa 64 Bos Prone ViSUallZANIO Mecarecstacaincntecatnectscetastiaracccetaceccustecenaemiaeatcemtacetaemtacatmeueccatmectacane 65 Sle ANEO PONEC COl sss osesar e E A enemas 65 38 2 Briehtnes
27. MB of free disk space is required Figure 2 3 5 Folder selection GeoScan32 PVKOBOJICTBO I1OJIB30BaATeJ1A 8 Select the program version SSE optimized GeoScan32 special for Pentium 4 Pentium Core 2 Duo Athlon 64 Sempron processors and allows to speed up processing procedures setting option or GeoScan32 for generic processor special for low speed processors Select Components Which components should be installed Select the components you want to install clear the components you do not want to install Click Next when you are ready to continue SSE2 optimized GeoScan32 SSE2 optimized GeoScan32 GeoScan32 for generic processor Figure 2 3 6 Program configuration selection 9 If you want to create desktop icon and start menu folder check the Create a desktop icon and Create Start Menu folder options Figure 2 3 7 and press Next Select Additional Tasks Which additional tasks should be performed Select the additional tasks you would like Setup to perform while installing GeoScan32 then click Next Additional icons Create Start Menu folder Figure 2 3 7 Program configuration selection 10 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIHA 10 Check the selected parameters and press Install to continue Figure 2 3 8 Ready to Install Setup is now ready to begin installing GeoScan32 on your computer Click Install to continue with the installation or clic
28. The minimum value is defined when scanning at the maximum speed is required The parameter increase allows to reveal weaker signals and improves image quality but thus slows down the scanning rate Recommendations 1 4 Fast scanning 8 32 Moderate tempo more than 64 use in Step by step mode and under conditions of strong absorption of poor signal or strong interference e Epsilon 10 in recording the profile the parameter value is set with approximation this parameter is calculated more precisely in the processing The table with main electrical parameters of the soil and solid is given in Appendix 5 e Time scale Parameter which defines a time scale and influences the maximum depth of scanning The parameter Scale in a scanning window Figure 4 3 4 and the parameter Time scale ina window Scanning parameters are identical Scale selection is carried out in accordance with Table 4 3 1 e File series number It sets file series number i e the names of all recorded files will include the number identified in this field Files in program GeoScan32 are saved in format POOOO_OO000 gpr2 where the first four figures series and the next ones order number 1 e if the file series number is 35 then the file will be stored with the name P0035_0000 gpr2 e Scroll speed is a parameter which allows to control the radarogram movement rate in a scan window The maximum visual display r
29. a layer can also be called from the menu Layers by selecting the item Properties layers but in this case it 1s necessary that one of the layers should be selected Editable layer selection The layer Ne selected for editing is displayed in the header of the window It is possible to go to another boundary in the drop down list of the line Layer number and continue its editing without closing the panel Epsilon and the layer color Dielectric permittivity in all layers initially possesses the value specified in the heading of the GPR file after permittivity changes there is a recalculation of values only for the chosen layer on the panel Layer properties and in addition an electromagnetic wave propagation velocity and the layer thickness at a point of the contextual menu call are determined In order to change the color of a layer left click the key Boundary color and select the necessary one from the displayed window Variants of crosshatching for shading a layer are under the key In order to map the crosshatching and the color over the profile it is necessary to select the item Paint a layer from the menu View 106 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeIA Layer Ne and a note It is possible to assign a note to a layer In order to do this write any text in the window Note for example concrete wall sand and so on In order to change the number of the current layer it is necessary to
30. for example Notepad and kept with extension TXT All file data consist of three columns e The first column indicates the picket No integer Picket a mark through each 100 meters e The second column indicates the distance from the picket specified in the first column to a trace to which the amendment on Z it is set in meters will be applied e The third column indicates the height the amendment on Z 78 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeJIA An example of a text file 0 0 0 72 the file can contain commentaries which are denoted by the symbol 0 3 6 0 97 0 DZ 0 53 0 4 3 0 53 0 4 76 0 75 0 10 54 0 72 0 15 06 3 94 0 15 47 4 04 0 16 21 4 39 0 19 46 4 4 To apply the table of heights to a radarogram it is necessary to choose the item Table of heights from the menu Edit and to open the created text file Thereafter activate an option Consider z coordinate The result received after application of the heights table is in Figure 5 10 1 He 1 ii a _ a MN MN 150 ME NN if ij Hl A 200 250 Wi TV MI 300 30 I 65473018 Figure 5 10 1 Radarogram with applied table of heights 5 11 Splitting of a multichannel profile At scanning by a multichannel georadar with simultaneous use of several antenna units a profile is created which contains the alternating traces registered by different aerials Such a profile is difficul
31. lines which correspond to passes on a mat appear in a scanning window instead of a radarogram Besides the direction of lines depends on the chosen values of the keys Horizontals Vertical E FtherNet Ab 1700 l Shift Trace Scale Gain Begin Distance File Stacks Speed connec i Save 7 m ps A 43km F ome 10 1 16 1 0 A 0 0m 1 1 0 60km h Gain Migr 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 pP Figure 4 4 23 Scanning of vertical passages E C Documents and Settings Anton Pabounn cron P0000_01 20 gpr2 f Shift T l _Begn t Fil Stack d Label E se l race Scale Gain Begin Distance ile acks sae abe Step i Save m C EE f af afp 4 oe 9 UL aj 4 ee ih Gain Migr Ti Figure 4 4 23 Scanning of horizontal passages Initially all lines are in dark blue color it means that the file of this passage has not been written down yet To write down a file it is necessary by moving the antenna block in the chosen direction to read off a beginning bar code then the line corresponding to the passage will change its 47 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A color in red Red color designates that a record of a passage file has begun but it has not been finished yet To complete the record it is necessary to scan a profile up to the end by the antenna unit and to read a bar code of termination of the corresponding passage after which the line will change its color in green
32. min fo c Compres Grad Cancel Figure 4 5 3 Window Profile properties in file saving profile beginning The beginning of a profile can also be set in this window The position of the first profile trace in the line Streight is written in millimeters This option is a full analog of the key Begin in a scanning window which also sets a line coordinate of a profile beginning Coordinate values of the first trace are also entered in mm or degrees when the tick mark is against the word Grad in lines X Y Z 4 5 1 File compression Program GeoScan32 supports the possibility of file compression up to reduction of their sizes in this case algorithm BZIP2 is used which allows to reduce the georadar file to the maximum After file compression in program GeoScan32 it is not recommended to archive them additionally by means of some individual programs because this action will rather increase than decrease the file size In order to use compression algorithm in recording the new files it is necessary to put a tick mark against the item Data compression in the menu Options of the main program window Figure 4 5 4 GeoScan3 File View pem mio Special Help Ci wi G Fort Select g bo w Data compressing Language Figure 4 5 4 Switch on compression algorithm for new files Afterwards the files created in scanning mode will be compressed by program GeoScan32 In order to compress
33. of the typed pages Option Print labels table allows of printing labels table if there is option Labels sheet is available in menu View Option Print coloration scale prescribes to print a scale of corresponding colors and amplitudes of signals on the right of the profile The profile image in some printers turns out to be inverse in the process of printing To give to it a correct orientation set up option Flip picture Page settings Page indentions Above Indention rmm m Below Indention mm lo Left Indention mm la Right Indention mm jo Print labels table m Print coloration scale m Flip picture s ea Figure 5 18 1 Page setup 5 18 2 Print preview To evaluate what the image on the sheet of paper will look like use preview function To open the preview window Figure 5 18 2 select item Print preview from menu File or click an icon A in the toolbar with the left mouse button ocu r azze i toe ew Meson Options Eroessa Totes tac z 7 ECET lA es Gl 7 p UED 1 euz E ale channci box gpr t Spee gt ve Paw Cuan ti 5 Fru D eeacnel lc p Rp 22 56 22 Ivne 2029 Due cZthe prz file OF 6 2009 12 25 rrp prairtegeer ns n I 3 4 Vee IH om 219 30 0 PGA So Sie eee Sh ote 3 ik P r P AnA NAE Ta et crane sae at ie ar ee eo ee f Ate PEARS weet re te A a dI Dimiao MA we men lyi Wi aan svia Se mame doe wf stat wane
34. properties EJ Trace number e trace 715 1 received in 12h 25m 1 5255 geo0_c hannelt gpr s a E Trace position From the beginning o Position imm 215 Trace Window Edit Positions reset Calculate positions 4 05 m 0 36ns Properties gt Relative coordinates From the beginning q70 x 182 725 O97 4 D pp coordinate rin Y coordinate fmm Label installation Z coordinate mm indicator Reset Label Label name Label name Number of point on the trace EM 226 Number Colors eb Select trace Select color Apply Cancel Figure 5 9 8 Editing of labels in a window Properties of a trace Installation and editing of labels In order to install a label it is enough to click twice any place of a profile with the left mouse button After a label is installed the name appropriate to a serial number relative to the beginning of a profile is assigned to it For example if a new label is installed on a profile Figure 5 9 7 between label 2 and label 3 the name of a new label will be 3 and the names of labels 3 and 4 become 4 and 5 accordingly Another way of label installation in a window Trace Properties Figure 5 9 8 by means of a slide box choose a trace on which you wish to put down a label choose a point in a window Number of point put a tick mark under an inscription Label a notation Label install
35. s aati s E i2 t tog 0 go i do i acid 450 20m Leb Ws LOY Fi Figure 5 14 2 Profile before average subtraction ue D 50 100 130 200 250 300 350 400 45B 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Bsa Taos Figure 5 14 3 Profile after average subtraction 5 14 2 Median filtering Median filtering allows to struggle effectively with indiscriminate dumping of short duration on signals of the georadar way which are caused by the external noises or other reasons Select the item Median filter in Processing menu press the keys combination Ctrl Shift M or click the left mouse button on an icon ICH on the processing toolbar Median filter window parameter Figure 5 14 1 allows selecting the vertical size of a window in which data are ordered The example of applying median filter is given on Figure 5 14 4 n 5 14 5 Hc D 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 m 0 _ i 00m 2 D10m 020m 7130s 6 Dm 1 50 60x 0 700 Pert yee beer peer ye Cre Be pat ep pace pa 08 Ti 0 80ee 65473018 Figure 5 14 4 Profile before applying the median filter 83 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA He D 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 m 000m 0 101 aya D 20m a nein T A AAI WN 201 6 0 40m ARNAN ONDANSA ANPA AANA V o vhe mile We ell om A a A og aly TN il Nanay oo 0 70 12 gt SL oe ido P8001 65473018 Figure 5 14 5 Profile after applying the median filter 5 14 3 Horisontal median filter Option
36. scanning window i e the beginning of profile Label sets a single lable on a profile See the detailed information about lable setting in Chapter 4 4 1 Parameters opens the window Scanning parameters It duplicates the key Param in a scanning window Save See Chapter 4 5 for detailed information about saving Sets program GeoScan32 provides an opportunity of usage of standard parameter sets For instance if the operation is often executed in similar conditions In selecting the given menu item the window Figure 4 3 13 for selection of one of the standard sets opens The description of all standard sets is given in Appendix 7 Record set the function allows to edit the available sets and to create its own ones For this purpose it 1s enough to set the desired parameters in window Scanning parameters and select the item Record a set in the contextual menu Thereafter the edit window opens Figure 4 3 14 Application choice DryConcrete Upto 40 rmmn Dry Concrete UpTo_600rnm DryConcrete_UpTo_800rmm DryConcrete_UpTo_1000rnm Wetloncrete_UpTo_ 300mm Wetloncrete_UpTo 450mm WetConcrete UoTo 600rnm Apply setting Application choice WetConcrete_UpTo_ 50rnm Dry etConcrete_UpToS00mr ni Ory etConcrete_UpTo 00m m Dry etConcrete_UpTo500mr m OrnwetConcrete UpTof00men Figure 4 3 13 Parameter selection set window i Delete Change Cancel OF Cancel
37. text file is performed by choosing the menu item Export table TXT 75 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 9 5 1 Photo labels If during a profile scanning an operator installed some single photo labels then their mapping in a profile differs from the traditional marks only by the available photos Figure 5 9 11 Besides the pictures are arranged on the right from the label Display of pictures under the radarogram can be disabled by choosing the item Show pictures from the menu View we O8F 5 mW 1 20 2 3 35 4 45 St 0 50 100 150 200 220 300 320 L es47ag Figure 5 9 11 Single photo labels on a profile If photo labeling is performed in automatic mode in the course of scanning then photo labels are not established on a profile but they are displayed only as pictures Photos viewing and saving Viewing of photos can be performed in a separate window Picture which opens after clicking twice its reduced copy with the left mouse Figure 5 9 12 Transition between adjacent pictures is carried out by means of keys with arrows in the keyboard To choose a picture for viewing in the already open window Picture is also possible by clicking its reduced copy with the left button of the mouse PROO27 GPR _ KaptTHuka 400 I 6547302 Figure 5 9 12 Zoomed picture viewing 76 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA KapranKa Hol If it is necessary to save a picture as a separ
38. the already created file it is necessary to tick off against the word Compress in the window Profile properties Figure 4 5 3 and save the file In order to cancel the compression it is necessary to cancel this tick mark 51 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 5 2 Continuous saving The mode of continuous saving allows to write down files not into the program buffer but immediately on the hard disk This mode allows to save a series of files the length of which is determined by the parameter Traces amount In Continuous saving mode apart from the standard one the data record continues after the trace quantity in a profile levels the value stated in the parameters but it continues in a new file the beginning of which corresponds to the end of the former Thus the result is that there appears a set of files of the same length In order to activate the mode it is necessary to tick off a line Continuous saving in the window Scanning parameters Figure 4 5 5 Mo nepenewennro War CKAHHPOBAHHA MM 100 Berane M MrorokaHanbHi PeBepc YETHEIx pa nos Bbi op AaT4HKka NEPEMEWEHHA NpopexHeanne Cancel Default lt lt Figure 4 5 5 Enabling the mode Continuous saving Hereinafter for profile record the user presses the key Record as in a customary mode but the record does not start immediately the program proposes to select a folder to sore files
39. the boundary of the environment is well defined connect the receiver and transmitter with the long optical cable and scan the profile slowly move the receiver along the scanning surface the transmitter is fixed There will be at least two slanting lines with a different angle of gradient Figure 5 6 7 ina profile The upper curve will correspond to a signal of electromagnetic interference between the receiver and the transmitter the bottom curve will correspond to signal reflection from the boundary of environment GeoScan3 2 PROO11 GPR a n Mpaska Bua OHA Onynn Obpabotka Crack Nomouwb DOSER SRA n OQ Qi AS M M E H Ei LIPRO011 GPR n f wf T signal of i electromagnetic z RS interference Reflection from the i border of SN environments z The Value of the velocity and epsilon a i 200 D 65479018 4 Y 12 7cem Hc Eps 5 6 Figure 5 6 7 Hodograph operation DEK CAR NUM 2 To effect calculations that is similar to procedure Inclination it is necessary to point the cursor o the upper part of bottom curve and pressing the left mouse key to shift the cursor on the bottom of the bottom curve In the left part of the screen there will be the ground date of boarder of the environment 62 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeJIA 5 6 4 Depth and distance measurement Installation the depth scale zero level For exact def
40. the left mouse button is held down The mouse should be moved to the left or to the right depending on the part of the line which is hidden outside the window 7 3 Operation with an open file set On selecting the file names and pressing the key Open the window of the program GeoScan32 will display a file in the form of green horizontal lines where the line length is proportional to a file size to which the line corresponds Figure 7 3 1 A z 4 D paromi teams AP epa P ROM OPE SO OE TE DpeccmetO0Tremeeune AE 1700 repens PRO039 0PR o O Dipati Tnmaama AB 1700p PRO OPR T _ S Dpatome 007 romance AF 1700ta PROOST OPR mj o ooo O D pasomsO00T muna AB 1100epmenman PRONI OPR Oooo ooo O ODT AE pman PRS GR D pasom 200 tone AB Pitry PRO GPR Seca Do patomU00T nmenguse AB 1700p F PSS GPR SE a aaa eee nn em reall D Pacom P00 omnes AP 10 epoca PRO PE a i 3 gt u De parnrihii T remenma AE 170 tepma PRINS OPR o a Limited lines a Et SAAS RT GEN A Ee PT Ss Do patom 0007 romeguee AE 1700rpm P RO026 PR Do patomr D007 ree AE 1700 neoprene P0025 GPR Do patomr D007 meee AE 1700rpm PROH GPR Selected file Preview selected file DApabors 2007 imomagee AB L700 sepnoamxo PROO24 GPR Figure 7 3 1 Preliminary assembly in 3D module An address of a file relevant to the line is written on the right of each line There are red vertical lines along the set edges which are
41. the profiles set There is a Positioning of files series panel which is opened by selecting item Serial redefinition from menu Special Figure 5 14 6 in order to turn over several profiles at once in program GeoScan32 In addition this panel also stipulates the opportunity of adjusting the start and close tick positions of profiles GeoScan32 m Smk Help D l L E Logical settings x ali zalagala ANelo amp Ff sbo EI 0 fee x F r poe m Processing unit GPS Georadar testing Positioning of files series Fror ooo Befi ooo V Check end Begin position O00 PE End position 4 eea Revers V Protocol erial profiles revers and setting position of series begin and series end Figure 5 14 6 Opening of Positioning of files series panel It is necessary to press key Open for a choosing files and chose the first file in the folder with the files for reversion All files will be processed by this program starting from the selected one which have the same series and are in the same directory The files that are recorded in the mode of continuous saving while operating in the railway or high way are usually used for processing The numbers of the first and the last files will be displayed in the windows From Before after opening The position of the first file is given in window Begin position that is shown during scanning process the position of end of t
42. transfer into a computer by making it more rarely The recommended value of a device stack is 16 When high parameter values are used in conditions of high level absorption media scanning there can be a loss of weak signals generated by the algorithm of hardware accumulation in the antenna unit In this case a decrease in a hardware limit up to 8 and even 4 can prove useful Decimation it is used when long profiles scanning is performed by high speed georadars Activation of this function leads to reduction of the mapped information reduction of computational cost of a computer in order to reduce the accepted data processing time In particular only each forty seventh trace is drawn However the memory unit stores all accepted data without dropouts 31 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 3 5 Contextual menu In addition to the control keys to call some functions in a scanning window provision 1s Connection Z Recording F Skepilabel Space Parameters F Save 5 Sektings Record setting Calibrate Ckrl T Sounds Pause aFPS Borehole Jitter Evyentlog VideoScreen Exit Figure 4 3 12 Contextual menu made for the contextual menu Figures 4 2 2 4 3 12 which is activated by a right click of in the field of radarogram Connection an item backing up the key of the same name in a scanning window It allows to make break connection with GPR Record executes the same function as the key Record in the
43. used to select file panels which will be integrated in 3 D image The left line is set up on default at a zero point of georadar profiles along X axis The right line on default displays the boundary of the shortest file of a set By moving red lines you can change the selected file panels a red lines is moved with a cursor being put on it and the left mouse button pressed If the length of some profiles is less than the one outlined in opening a set of files then no data areas during 3D visualization are colored in neutral grey color You can preview the files of a set change contrast ratio and redefine the color There is initially a caption No selection under a set of profiles which means that there are no files opened for preview Direct the cursor just over the line corresponding to the chosen file and click once the left mouse button in order to open a georadar profile for previewing and editing The chosen profile and a file path will be displayed under the file set Figure 7 3 1 Additional red horizontal lines appear in the open profile image for extracting the file panel which will be processed in the 3 D visualization module They are located by default along the upper and lower boundary of a radarogram The chosen field automatically covers other profiles Figure 7 3 2 116 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeJIA DAAPXMB PABOUMM 20031451500 apmarypalApmarypa 3D c merkanmiP213_000 gpr Figure 7 3 2 Choice of a profi
44. 0m 6 6 ai 16 36 10 6 B54 Taos Figure 5 14 8 Profile before aperture synthesis 86 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO I10 J1b30BaTeJIA HC 14 36 56 76 J 114 136 CMI 0 001 ee T 0 0 501 10 6 6 aia le 36 0 6024 65473015 Figure 5 14 9 Profile after aperture synthesis 5 14 9 Hilbert transform Hilbert transform allows display of the signal envelope with the help of Hilbert transformation The result of this transformation is shown in Figures 5 14 10 and 5 14 11 For processing choose item Envelope extraction press key combination Ctrl Shift A or press the icon in the toolbar Processing with the left mouse button Figure 5 14 10 Before envelope extraction mc l 36 56 76 96 116 136 cM oa E oe A ee ee PO oe ee 6 65473018 Figure 5 14 11 After envelope extraction Filtering operation and aperture synthesis lose its significance after Hilbert transform processing 87 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA 5 14 10 Bandpass filtering Processing mode Bandpass filter serves for excluding of the dedicated frequency band from the general spectrum processed by the radarogram and is applied for removal of different interfering signals and noise effects To open the spectrum image of all radarograms select item Bandwidth filter from menu Processing press key combination Ctrl Shift F in the keyboard or click the icon in the processing toolbar w
45. 1394 Fire Ware in addition to Ethernet network adapter or some other devices of that sort the operating system Windows automatically creates the type of connection Network bridge which can be included into the network adapter applied in GPR The attribute of the network adapter available in the network bridge is a lack of the given network adapter in the list of the accessible adapters in the Network settings window of the operating system and in the Ethernet connection adjustment window of Program GeoScan 32 In this case in order to enhance reliability of the GPR network connection it is recommended to turn off the applied GPR Ethernet adapter from the network bridge It 1s necessary to carry out the following actions for Windows XP RUS 1 2 Open the Network connections window item 1 Chapter 4 1 1 1 Click the Network bridge line by the right mouse button and select the Properties line in the displayed menu Turn off the network adapter in the displayed network bridge properties panel used for connection with GPR Close the network bridge properties panel 20 GeoScan32 PYVKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA 4 1 2 GeoScan32 Program Settings 1 Select the Port select item in the Options menu Figure 4 1 4 a 2 Select the Ethernet port in the opened dialog and press the key d Figure 4 1 4 b The settings should be installed when the Control Unit is turned on an
46. 160 150 1 Figure 5 3 4 Pie chart 5 5 Mapping scale In operation with the profiles of various lengths it is required to make frequent changes of their sizes and scale For these purposes GeoScan32 program stipulates the panel Image Size 7 Figure 5 5 1 which is called by the command Image Size in menu View or by the key in the toolbar Image Size Setting f Scale Step em On horizontal O00 e gt OU _ o On vertical 500 1 1 100 jo Cancel Pucynok 5 5 1 Resizing of the map of the profile The panel allows change the horizontal and vertical sizes of the image in pixels in the selected item Size To improve the visualization of a radarogram in the screen it is recommended to set a size value along a horizontal axis equal to trace quantity in a profile and along a vertical the value equal to points quantity by depth The set values are stored and automatically applied to repeatedly open profiles 58 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA To change a scale select the item Scale The profile image in the screen will be scaled in relation to actual distance and depth data If a very big scale is set then the program may fail to solve the task that can cause the message of errors The unit step value in horizontal and vertical scales is set up in centimeters in the window Step If value Q is set up in both directions the step will be automatically displayed In additi
47. 2 GPR 2 D MontiTaHnal PRO198 GPR 3 O HoneiTaHnal PROS01 GPR 4 D HonbiTaHnal 1PRO18E GPR 5 DO HonbitaHHal WPRO 12 GPR 6 OD HcnbiTannal PRO0S4 GPR Exit Figure 3 4 1 File opening in GeoScan32 Program The type of the opened file is supposed to open in the Open window Figure 3 4 2 types of files are described in details in chapter of file types 3 4 2 Look in lt Local Disk C ES c EJ My Recent Documents Desktop Documents and Settings SE My Documents a My Computer le gt Tectia File name Files of type Geos can32 Files gpr Cancel f GeoScan32 3D Files prd Places GeoScan32 layer Files Idt All Files PucyHok 3 4 2 Open dialog Files can also be opened by double clicking or just by dragging them into the program window 15 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 3 4 2 New document creation The program allows to create different types of files such as Profile 3D view or Layers on the profile The program functional capabilities depend on the type of the open file The type of created file is selected in the Create window Figure 3 4 3 The window is opening by one of the possible ways e Select the New document item in the File menu Figure 3 4 1 e 6Left click the D icon in the toolbar e Press the Ctrl N on the keyboard Create Layers on the profile Pr
48. 3 2 2 User registration 1 Put in the user name in a registration window Please note The user name shall be written as specified in a registration form with due attention to a register Chose the program registration option standard or professional Put in the registration key specified in a registration form Press the Registry key After successful registration the item Registration becomes inactive ots a Warning The unregistered program version works only with the files allocated in the root directory of the Logis disk in DEMO_FILES folder 13 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeJA The standard program version lacks the following modes and processing options 3D view Bandpass reverse horizontal filters Spectrum field Aperture synthesis Smoothing Emphasis Average subtraction 3 3 Program settings 3 3 1 Main window View menu lets change main window view Toolbar and status bar panels can be hidden or displayed by choosing the Toolbar or Status bar items Figure 3 3 Geo can 32 ES Options Special Help IE Toolbar A w Statusbar Iron seeking Figure 3 3 1 Main window view settings 3 3 2 Select language No matter what language was selected in setting up the program the user has a possibility to change it later Choose Language in the Options menu Figure 3 3 2 The user is provided with the possibility to choose betwe
49. 3D image in the form of secant planes will be displayed in assembly and separately on the screen Figure 7 4 1 2 GeoScan3 3D eng Sele tain Mpaska Bha OHO OnuKH OObpabotTea MomMowb O l E A B24 KD cu A se 2 lt a ali a S h 4 ja n b l T fers S oe Collected planes 3D eH E E 3D view o F Sub M S i a a Tm Plane X Y position Plane Y Z position I lh ail BL O0 654790153 Plane X Z position KoopauHartsi TOUKH Ha KOTOpYIO HaBeyeH Kypcop E s D miY 04m Figure 7 4 1 3 D assembly Two different view finders are shown on each separate plane They show the crossing point between the rest planes The X Y section plane is highlighted with a red contour the X Z section plane is highlighted with a green contour the Y Z section plane is highlighted with a blue contour The secant planes can be moved relative to each other using the keyboard keys or the mouse cursor The lt gt and lt gt keys on the keyboard move the X Y plane up and down respectively The lt T gt and lt gt keys move the X Z plane the lt lt gt and lt gt keys move the Y Z plane When using the mouse to move the planes place the cursor on the image of a separate plane and click the left mouse button in the required area As a result two other planes will intersect in that point which will be seen as the result of the planes positions change in the 3D image
50. 5 6 9 63 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIH Dimensioning window Coordinate of a cursor Figure 5 6 8 Distance measurement with the help of Ribbon tape A 434 2 17 m Z 196 0 60 m To define the coordinates of object on a profile it 1s possible to place the mouse cursor on top of reflection from object or on a layer Coordinates are mapped in the left bottom angle of the program in the form of X number1 number 2 m Z number 3 number 4 m Number 2 and number 4 defined a cursor position in meters according with the date of vertical and horizontal scales Number l sequential number of a trace in a profile Number 3 number of point in trace 5 7 Additional profile snap to e The option Show markers switching on switching off the display of labels on a profile To change choose item of the menu Show markers in View menu press an icon L on the toolbar or keys combination Ctrl L e The option Grid of the same menu will allow superimposing the horizontal lines on the image profile with a step set in a window Image sizes Section 5 5 Fast access to an option an icon in the toolbar e If the image of a profile becomes too stretched in a horizontal direction The option Adding scale in View menu can be useful This option set some scales of depth in a radarogram Their numbers depends on a profile length Click the right mouse button and a depths scal
51. 585 422 Layer 3 1007 484 Layer 4 1492 331 579 Layer 2 461 Layer 3 1041 444 Layer 4 1485 309 608 Layer 2 608 440 Layer 3 1049 427 Layer 4 1476 262 989 Layer 2 309 Layer 3 796 340 Layer 4 1136 Layer 3 The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer The top layer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CO o 9 Oo Oo Oo 9 9 9 9 The top layer ra D o o m 9 Mo komnbroTep Figure 6 7 4 The example of data export into the htm file The exported file is stored in the same directory as the LDT file 113 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A 6 7 3 Export of a text file Amplitudes It allows to export data of the signal depth position and value at the layer boundary In order to accomplish export it is necessary to right click the layer boundary the data of which are required to be stored and choose the item Amplitudes in the drop down menu after that choose the location in the dialog window to store the file The exported file will have the name that corresponds the file LDT with an additional digit corresponding to the order number of the layer The example of the exported file is shown below C PRO027 L3 Position Depth Value 0 000 12091 62 0 0 043 12091 61 0 0 086 12091 77 0 0 151 12091 61 0 0 194 12091 61 0 0 237 12091 34 0 0 302 12091 28 0 The first column gives the horizont
52. 6 5 Velocity calculation Value of velocity equal 30 cm nanoseconds corresponds to reflection from superterranean object usually such reflection calls airborne noise Note the value of dielectric permittivity of the environment or velocity of electromagnetic waves in the environment will be correct if distance scale in a profile will correspond strictly to the distance covered with the help of a georadar 61 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIH 5 6 3 Velocity and epsilon measurement Godograph If there are no hyperbolas or their fragments in an entire profile but there is a layer then it is possible to define characteristics of a ground by taking advantage of the instrument Hodograph For its activation choose item Hodograph in menu Option Figure 5 6 6 or click icon toolbar GeoScan3 2 PROO11 GPR a n Mpaska Bua Oka Konti OGpabotka Cnucxn Momowb D co bel BG GB Mapanetpe antenn r xs bo Ceo ctea npopnna Ctrl H J VismeHeHne nannTpbi Ctrl I Pas6nte darn Onunn ACKOHBONIOUHH Napanetpe o6paborKn Ctrl Shift P A fs CNeKTp NPAMOYTONbHHKAa Tnnepbona YKNOH YcpeaHeHne HHTEpBana eye Ze Figure 5 6 6 Choice of the option lt Hodograph in the To use the option Hodograph it is necessary to record a special file It is necessary to separate the receiver and the transmitter antenna units and to scan a profile in a following way to put the receiver above the place where
53. 7 ie Ss Tira ay i R Tu x F F J A F D i e a ee cl ne ory 4 k m a i i EN 2 ia fa iii LLE EA fima P LE a x lt Paar a Movement at distance 2m a Ab ead pres pate oS IF she capes ee T es aa Figure 4 4 10 Scanning in the mode Subtraction 39 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIH 4 4 4 Multichannel mode It is designated for operation with multichannel GPR In order to initialize the mode it is necessary to tick off against the caption Multichannel Figure 4 4 11 there after a of channel quantity selection window will appear to the right of the caption Usually 2 or 3 channels are used but a maximum quantity depends on the GPR design and can be up to 8 No nepemewennro War CKaHHPOBAHHA MM 100 Channel quantity selection Pesepe 4eTHbx dbarinos V MxoroKaHanbHed fF MIROPORKSHSBHBIH amp Beifop AaTuHKa NepemMeueHHa HenpepbibHoe COxpaHeHHe Cancel Default lt lt TROPERNE Figure 4 4 11 Initialization of a multichannel mode After initialization of the mode and selection of channel quantity a scanning window is devided into several parts depending on the channel quantity Figure 4 4 12 In the top part of the window the key Number highlighted in red which denotes the Ne of the recorded channel If the key is inactive is not held the data from all used channels are saved into a file if the key is active is held then onl
54. BAaTeJIA 5 16 Processing history For visualization of the profiles processing there is a toolbar of logging of the user actions Fe Figure 5 16 1 This panel opens by item Event Log from menu View or an icon in the process tools panel EventLog geo0_channellxxx gpr WA 12 27 57 deconvolution Repeat a possible 1 men Ar aperture synthesis OS 12 27 42 average subtraction 12 27 29 Hilbert transformation Rollback is possible Figure 5 16 1 Toolbar Event Log This toolbar displays the name of the performed action and the time when it was done The icon before the writing states whether r the action was fulfilled or cancelled accordingly the double left click causes the chosen operation to be cancelled repeated Besides in order to cancel the already performed operation use key combination Ctrl Z back and Ctrl Shift Z return or items Undo and Redorn from menu Edit and also the icons c1 in the toolbar 5 17 Processing list creation If in the course of processing a certain set of program functions is used and operation is performed with a lot of files program GeoScan32 allows creation of a processing list 1 e creation of such a file in which various kinds of processings applied to the radarogram will be stored List record To create a list choose item Record script from menu Scripts or press the icon in the toolbar with the left mouse butt
55. Double trace Figure 5 9 4 Menu Edit Profile cropping The window Trace window allows to crop a profile from any of the sides For this purpose click a profile with the left mouse button Then a crosshair will appear on a profile which will be the boundary of cropping A choice of one of the items Cut causes a cropping of a profile at the corresponding side from the crosshair Trace edit Menu Edit offers an access to the commands of operations with separate traces which allow interpolate delete or double the selected trace To remove at once some traces the program is provided with the panel Remove lines Figure 5 9 5 b which opens from the menu Edit Figure 5 9 5 a of the main window of program GeoScan32 GeoScan3 2 geoO_channelixxx gpr File F View Windows Options Processing Delete traces 7 First trace a Delete traces Compacting Append r Table of heights Second trace o Delete Radial a b Figure 5 9 5 The window to remove a group of lines from a profile To remove the chosen group enter the number of the first and the last traces in the corresponding windows On pressing the key First trace the window displays the number of the first trace of a profile and on pressing the key Second trace the number of the last trace of a profile To delete the chosen group of lines press Delete to cancel the operation press Cancel
56. GPR Then select the Processing unit item from the Special menu Figure 3 5 1 GeoScan3 File View Options Els e Help D i Ge i E Logical settings cs 0 Serial redefinition Processng unt faP 5 Georadar testing Figure 3 5 1 Activation Transfer profiles from the Processing Unit window Profile moving from Processing Unit window Figure 3 5 2 allows to execute file copying from the Processing Unit and vice versa Processing unit total and Destination folder Computer total and free free memory memory computer Profile mov n Processing Block Processing blocR Computer Size of disk 1023MB Size of disk 132590MB Destination folder Create folder Available 1009MB Available 56515MB DiC Gnoka obpabotkn 10002 GPR a 16 D 841KB videoli System volume Information A Po06_000 GPR a Teopaaap 2249KB C Recycled A P526_006 GPR amp CTaHOBKa nporpamm 924KB gt gt 5 test ru NOPE3A 2 GPR DoTorpadnn 1300KB z wa MpeseHTaynn gt 4 Aporpammpr The list of ae Q Tysnyxos files from the Mcneiranna processing 1 C51 C5 lt C 6noka o6pabotKn it 11KB 4 Tect nporpamma unl _ 5 Tekctobaa aokymeHTauna like lt lt KaptrHkn 3 Pafotei C53 C5 Npovyee IKB 99 Mepenncka E cs4 5 oa HenoHaTHple ha ni KB 3kcneprMeHTel Ca t J ised hall b 9 MHTepHeT be
57. Georadar OKO Program of Control and Visualization of the Obtained Data GeoScan32 Illustrated User s Manual Unregistered program can work in demo mode with demo files only Version 2 5 2009r GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A 1 Contents ECONTENT Serea coer hOrr reer ea eer ear er ere cher Sr Er errr chr acer et acer er acer a AT aera a ata 3 2 PREPARATION OF PROGRAM RUN 0 0c ccccceeeeeeeeeneeeneeeeneeenseceseeenseonsesensseneeonees T Dabs Program OULD OSC ea a a a 7 22u SV STSCI ECCUNE MENIS eea a a EAS 7 23a amici dol a eE Ea 8 3 BEGINNING WORKING WITH GEOSCAN32 a nannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnne 12 Sie PACM SESTA i tend alnct feeds cot teatsl cel aeaialoat fanduee ieataleetiwotduetaioodentwuatsentdealdaataeetaon 12 32 sROCISUF ATION ssassn ces cost rea ceet recs cnet oaaae cecechelcccechelcacecucheceectehaceedeetas 13 3 9 Program Sentin Sesar eet hee eee ees 14 Iae VT AMINE UII OV wes tates ae eee eed aetna eet naman ies crease temeee oa 14 Oro BOC lCCl IAMOU ACE aa iatetast hater itsnaahaat enna hddanaat ant ounet E A 14 Des BOS SC MUN ce ntsate dat 2 Suc Sania ui once a e a a agence 14 3 4 Document Opening and CreatiONn ccccccsccessecesseeessecenseeeeseneneeseasesnsenenseseasenes 15 Dials Document op nhe eee a A 15 342 New document creation svssonisroiri i i L EAEE ie 16 3 5 Copy files from the Processing Unit nansnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
58. Inversion Correction in menu Processing will allow normalization of a phase of all lines of a profile 5 14 7 Leveling The procedure of leveling means compensation of rocking of horn antenna unit while Operating on an automobile Select item Leveling from menu Processing for application of this function After that chose the signal from window Trace window according to which alignment of surface reflection will be performed and press Ok 5 14 8 Aperture synthesis Aperture synthesis is used mainly for resolution enhancement along a horizontal for localization of compact targets 1 e this kind of processing helps to shorten hyperbole length moustaches of hyperbole obtained at local object reflection To perform this choose item of the Same name from menu Processing or press key combination Ctrl Shift U in the keyboard The proper definition of dielectric permittivity value of the scanning area is of great importance for aperture synthesis section 5 6 1 which the value is sometimes necessary to select manually The distance between the antenna units section 5 2 which is usually set up automatically is very important too but can be corrected manually It is possible to see the consecutive steps of georadar profile processing in Figures 5 14 8 and 5 14 9 in which there is a clear signal from the pinpoint target HE 16 36 56 76 96 116 136 CMI a P O 10n 020m 0 300 0 4022 0 3
59. L _SPP_SUBS 0Ox00000010 Subtraction of SPP was effected CNI define F4_FL VARU_COMP 0x00000020 Compensation of BAPY was effected define F4_ FL SINTEZ 0x00000040 Synthetic process of aperture was done define F4 FL_OGIBA 0Ox00000080 Envelope curve construction was designed Gilbert define F4_FL_SPEKTR_FIELD 0x00000100 Spectrum field define F4 FL TzaSubDefined 0Ox00000200 SPP is defined manually define F4 FL MultiChanals 0Ox00000400 Multi channel file define F4_FL_CompressBZ2 0Ox00000800 Compressed file by BZip2 bzip2 dl1l1 The file header is never compressed all the other part can be compressed define ConvertingFromDatFile 3 CreatingUserNumber for the profiles that converted from the profiles of the old format define ConvertingFromSgyFile 4 CreatingUserNumber for the profiles that converted from format SGY Version 2 beta 21 10 2008 126
60. Logis Technical support LogiS can provide services of program technical support further technical support Any additional programs and original texts transferred to you as the technical support services must be considered as the constituent of software and therefore come within regulations and terms of current agreement The technical data which are reported to technical support service during the conversation can be used LogiS to its aims including technical support and development of programs LogiS will not use received information in form disclosing you personally 120 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A Transferring the program Initial user of the program has the right once to transfer all his her rights of current license agreement and the program directly to another person for using Such transferring must include entire program including the rest constituents mediums and printed materials any updates current agreement and the originality certificate if it is Such transferring cannot be carried out indirectly or through any third person The person receiving the program in result of such transferring must agree to the terms of current license agreement Including the obligation not to transfer to anyone the program and his her program license Breaking off the agreement Without prejudice to any its rights LogiS can terminate the action of current agreement in case of disregard of current agreement its regulati
61. MO_FILES WI cnon dxf aAA El File Edit View Insert Format Tools Draw x Bete amp 4ea 6 f6 vb AutoCAD Classic Vuteppan rpanynposku PT CRINKG LEBHA PeaAould t eo Ra D 4909 4007 200 1200 1600 C an fie conn COH IpOHyMepoBaHbl Pa3mep lpudta rpayyupoBKu 4000 mee eet crt Ns lt ae wale Sieg 4500 0 0 O 100 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 25 0 40 0 45 0 50 0 35 0600 65 0 700 750 80 0 245 0 90 0 95 0 1000 TC HMKO WeeHA HHA oO Necorn HEARHA Cee DHEA Necor Ne Te BAJTE Mecok CPE QHMA Panno Pa3mep mpug rTa rpanynpoBKH Vntepsas rpaayuposku VUndopmaina o coax Model Layoutl Layout 4 2 6966 1 7329 0 0000 Figure 6 7 2 The result of exporting layers from the LDT file into AutoCad 112 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 6 7 2 Export to htm It allows to export data of layer thickness and depth from file LDT to a file with htm extension On choosing the item Export to htm in the menu File the tool bar for choosing export parameters is displayed in the screen Figure 6 7 3 Export layers data to htm Horizontal step f m rs Vertical position f Height f Depth W Road Concreal Cancel Figure 6 7 3 The window of export parameters in htm Horizontal step the option allows to assign a step by means of which the program will record values of thickness and depth in file HTM If the profile length is 10 meters then the assignment of value l
62. Section 5 9 6 5 10 Import from CSV The function is opposite to export to CSV i e data import from a file is supposed in the form of a text table with the extension CSV to files GPR 81 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 14 Data processing The group of procedures of mathematical signals processing is described in this chapter All the described items are combined in an upper part of Processing menu of the basic window GeoScan32 program 5 14 1 Average substraction Mean value subtraction is effective for removal a constant component of a signal It allows to subtract the signal of electromagnetic interference which is usually not has the useful information Interfering signal which has form of stretched horizontal bands is possible to remove in such a way The item Average substraction is selected from the Processing menu then click the keys combination Ctrl Shift S on the keyboard or click the left mouse button on an icon which is on the process tools panel The arithmetic means value of counting groups is calculated which are on one horizontal It is the principle of this processing Then this value is subtracted one by one from each counting of this horizontal The counting number is defined by Subtraction window parameter Subtraction window is a parameter that is defined the result of processing Average subtraction The changes is made in Processing options Figure 5 14 1 which is g
63. The point positions where the cursor is placed are displayed in the left lower corner of the program window There is also a possibility to move a three dimensional model in space by means of the mouse For this purpose it is enough to point it out by the cursor and move the latter holding the left mouse button down There is a function Thick layer in a mode of three dimensional model which allows to unite several horizontal sections in one By keeping a key Ctrl on the keyboard click on section X Z in any of its place for application of this function After that the second red line will be 118 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A installed on it Thus in section X Y the total picture of all sections located between red lines will be displayed Display of certain secant planes can be excluded from the program window and only the 3D view can be left For that click the View button on the toolbar and it is enough to remove tick marks against the name of the corresponding plane The 3D visualization image can take the view not only of intersecting planes but also a view of a cub In order to change the view choose the item 3 planes or Cube from the menu View Form 3D In the 3D visualization mode you can change the gain profile contrast 3D block properties and redefine colors When creating the block the gain value by default is equal to 1 The gain profile is applied to all files comprising the block T
64. Toolbar DCOaeM A Galoe AK t Al o gt A O i o BekR Ft Aan Sl CE PETEA L3 mn eej Re Status bar For Help press Fl Figure 3 1 2 GeoScan32 Program main window 12 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA The program window view changes partially according to the mode of operation being executed A window without open files contains the following e Header displays the program name or file name e Main menu gives access to every function and feature of program GeoScan32 uses a standard Windows Menu Bar Menu selections that are ON OFF toggles use a checkmark to indicate their status e Toolbar provides buttons for the more frequently used commands The toolbar changes depending on the mode in which the program operation is executed e Status bar gives status information and properties of selected files and menu items 3 2 Registration At the first start the program displays a User registration window Figure 3 2 1 User registration ATTANTION Unregistered user will operate with demofiles in demo mode ONLY User name Registration key vay a User type Standart Professional pa Figure 3 2 1 User registration If the User registration window did not display in the screen select the item Registration in the menu Help Figure 3 2 2 GeoScans File view Options Special ET Das Registration About GeoScan3z Figure
65. _gray blue_color g 1 Figure 5 17 2 Processing list selection If the program does not display files script then indicate them yourself By default they are located in folder C Program Files GeoScan32 After list selection there will be a window on the screen where all processings which are included in the chosen list are specified processing 1_ multicolor_ 2 script EJ Gain Profile tctrl kY Bandpass filter Ctrl ShiFt F Average Subtraction Ctri Shift 5 Decrease of visibility ctrl ShiFk L Change colors Ctrl I Figure 5 17 3 Processing list toolbar To apply all processings to a profile item Run script is used or an icon P on the tool bar All these lists can be applied in the course of scanning Section 4 For this purpose select the necessary list from the drop down menu in the window of scanning Figure 5 17 4 after that the list will be applied to a radarogram in order to cancel this list chose item No script T ABH Tpy6o PasbepTKa CHNEHHE Hayano Ancrarurs Darin Haron CKOpOCTE Cease Apo War ow Mapari e E ali J I al l Ge g a processing 1_gray blue_color processing 1_gray_color processing 1_multicolor_1 processing 1_multicolor_ Figure 5 17 4 Processing list selection in scanning 98 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeIA 5 18 Print 5 18 1 Page setup Using item Page setup from menu File you can change the dimensions of empty fields on the boarders
66. a profile will be made and the result will be displayed on radarogram at the active option By trace position In the same window it is possible to set trace co ordinates concerning the profile beginning For value preservation enter it in corresponding window Coordinate X Y Z and press button Apply The value of co ordinate Z influences a relief of a profile Section 5 10 and co ordinates X and Y are considered at construction of three dimensional model Section 7 5 10 Change of a Profile relief It is possible to change a profile relief in program GeoScan32 in two ways 1 Change of co ordinate Z for each line separately e For this purpose open the panel Trace Property Figure 5 9 15 and in a window Coordinate Z mm enter the value of height for the chosen trace then press Apply Repeat this action for each line for which the value of co ordinate Z is known After that press button Spline or Line depending on an interpolation choice as a result the program will calculate co ordinates of lines by interpolation of reference points The result of a relief profile change will be visible only after activation of option Consider z coordinate in the menu View e Button Reset allows to null the entered coordinates 2 Application to a profile of the table of heights e Separately from a file with a radarogram the text file is created in the form of the table The file can be created in any text editor
67. ach part Figure 5 2 2 In menu Windows the list of the windows open at the present moment are displayed and the selected window is noted by a tick mark 55 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10J1Ib30BaTeJIA GeoScan32 PROOO6 GPR mz GeoScan32 PRO007 GPR ein Mpassa Ena Orne Onwm CGpeborks Cimen Moncus tain Mp exa Sna Ocha Onmyin OSpadorka Cnmern Morau BELCI ECR zj rA TEESE jan rm omm mki MM PR0027 GPR2 PRO007 GPR PR0009 GPR PROOOG GPR SBB HZ HSF dnes ve ws T ZERB F HP Aaner NEB 2 77 5 39 m 2 0 0 00 n d GeoScan32 PR0027 GPR2 GeoScan32 PROOOY GPR Matin Mpaska Bua OKHa Onumn O pa otka Cnwckn Momowb dain Mozexe Sha Ocha Ony OSpadorKa Coreen Monows DASHUR n e AK O A Qi seKRt ARANa doT dl Desh OB 6Rle o A O Q Qf h s 251 _ _ z fo PROOOLGPR RDR L PR0027 6GPR2 Hda A PRO0006 GPR 400 0 65473018 JAPEN HAEEREN ee hem X 447 22 35 m Z 9 0 00 m Z 127 8 05 n 2 50 7 60 n Figure 5 3 1 Variants of document windows arrangement cascade a horizontally b vertically c tiles d GeoScan32 PR0027 GPR2 a n Mpaska Bua OKHa Onunn O6pa otka Cnhckn Momowb DASHES lnn dl z fo i me 700 fF 5 251 St PROO27 GPR2 TES 10 a Ei laahaa E gt A BBH A X 0 0 00 m Z 74 2 19 m Figure 5 3 2 Splitting of one window into several parts wit
68. adarogram in C No nepenewernro War cKSHHpPOBaHHA MM 100 Pesepe 4eTHEIx arinos a Static mode T Mxorokanancren Bei6op a AATYMKA nepeneuenna _ HenpepbieHoe coxpaHeHne Cx Cancel Default NpopexreaHne Figure 4 4 9 Initialization of the Subtraction mode in scanning parameters To enable this mode it is necessary to put a tick mark by clicking the left mouse button on the caption Subtraction in the additional part of the window Scanning parameters Figure 4 4 9 On activating this mode the profile displays the result of the coordinated subtraction of the next received trace from the average trace array of the previously accumulated traces Figure 4 4 10 The quantity of traces used for average trace calculation is defined by a numerical value located to the right of the option Figure 4 4 9 The size of the accumulated traces array can be set from 2 to 2000 In highlighting the dynamically modified objects it is recommended to set a parameter equal to 50 60 and the stack equal to 8 You can switch on off the subtraction mode by a proper key Figure 4 4 10 in a scanning window This key appears E EtherNet Ab 1 00 only after initialization of subtraction in scanning parameters BK she Parar ar af aera 3 Bee Shift Rough Scale Gain _ Begin Distance File Stacks Speed H L e dan ie B T peee s i
69. al positions of each point of the layer boundary the second one contains the information about the depth of layer boundary and the third one shows the value of amplitude at the layer boundary 114 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 7 3D visualization module of GeoScan32 program 7 1 Module description The program of recording and processing the ground penetration radar data allows to represent results of areal scanning as separate mutually orthogonal secant planes save the results in GeoScan 3D files with the PRD extension and print them Radiograms to be processed in the 3D visualization module should be written in the real data format with the GPR extension To do that before starting profiles scanning by georadar press the button Options in the GeoScan32 program main window select the line Data Format and enable the mode checkbox Real The overall size of selected files should not exceed half of the RAM size Violation of this requirement will result in failure of the operation system and data processing 7 2 Module opening Files selection You should click the icon L in the main window of program GeoScan32 or press the key combination Ctrl N in the keyboard to open the 3D visualization module Figure 7 2 1 Choose the item 3D View in the displayed window Create and press OK Figure 7 2 1 Layers on the profile Profile Cancel Figure 7 2 1 Create a file in 3D module T
70. anel Processing tools Visualization tools Toolbar 53 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 2 Information about profile Saving the profile in mode of scanning Chapter 4 the program GeoScan32 records the forwarding information This information is accessible in the window Profile properties Figure 5 2 1 In order to open the window select the item Profile properties in the menu Options The window can be opened by pressing a key combination Ctrl H in the keyboard or click the icon in the toolbar with the left mouse button Profile properties There is information about the profile in the header of this window which is not liable to variation C Documents and Settings 4nton Pabounn cTon PRO027 GPR 1021x512 serial 0 profile 0 received by 45 90 in mode by distance signals additing 8 shift 16 was changed 30 01 2009 16 09 21 m 5 e Name and adress of the file on the user s computer Sle teme e Size of a profile Figure 5 2 1 the dimensions 1021x512 StepbyX mm ea where 1021 is the profile trace quantity 512 is the points oe are T 400 quantity in a trace A series and profile A series is a parameter given before Epsilon a 2000 00 scanning a profile Ne is a file sequence number in a series Treshold value Antenn base mm 1400 Profile descriptions Operator MvHaes O CemerikHHIO Object ae Description i _ Description Wheel
71. arrange all information of label position on a profile in the table The table is automatically created to the right of a profile after choosing the item Labels sheet in the menu View displays after a point choice A serial number of label its position on a profile and name if it is set by the user Figure 5 9 9 are indicated in this table Position Depth 3310 20 Label name 10093 0 EM 219 200 m 15270 0 Ema 219 100 m SL bee 19550 14 Figure 5 9 9 Labels table In order to save this chart in a separate text file export function of the program is used Choose the item Export table TXT from the menu File If the mode Reinforcement search is activated before opening the file see for detailed description of the mode in Chapter 4 4 7 then the view of the table will be changed Figure 5 9 10 Horizontal Signal gain factor Dielectric permittivity coordinate of a viewfinder F ruel Vertical coordinate of a ositis viewfinder 200906408 12725201 pir File record date Min Depth 0 mn Ave Depth 2mm Max Depth 14mm atd Depth 322 mm Min Pitch 4mm Awe Pitch 3910 mm Miax Pitch 4150 mm obda Pitch 19799 mum Min max distance between adjacent objects n the marked group Label order sequen number Labels position by depth Labels positions in a horizontal Comments Figure 5 9 10 Labels table in mode of Reinforcement search Export of this table to the
72. ary to include a mode of automatic gain control to lower horizontal viewfinder on the area of displacement and to press the button 0 The Same function is carried out by menu item Displace from the menu Trace window E ge00_channellxxx gpr SEE MB geo0_channellxxx gpr SEE Trace Window Edit Trace Window Edit 4 85 m 0 36ns Properties 4 85 m 0 36ns Properties 970 x 182 325 i Jer s0 x 182 3258914 Ol pp Figure 5 9 3 Compensation of constant displacement of a zero Button pp is designated for installation of the beginning of a depth scale which is described in Section 5 6 4 Usually the form of a signal varies after performance of any profile processings therefore if processing is made with open window Trace window then click the left mouse button in area oscillograms for reception of the image with a new form of a signal A new drawing of a trace will overlay the old one This specific feature can be applied when it is required to compare the result to the original To remove overlaying close a window and open it again 71 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 9 2 Trace editing profile cropping The menu Edit Figure 5 9 4 in the window Trace window allows the user to perform operations with traces separately and also with an entire profile E seo0_channellxxx epr Siete Trace Window Mafii a Cue up Cut down 970 x cut left Cut right Interpolate trace Delete trace
73. ata of this trace A string containing the trace duration in ns is added to the very end of a file The file 1s automatically saved in a folder where the file with the source profile is stored Export is inaccessible when the option Position account from menu View is activated The given format of export is made specially in order to offer an opportunity to a user to process georadar data using mathematical programs of external manufacturers for instance Matlab Coy Execution Item Export CSV from menu File or the icon in the process toolbar Export HTML It allows data export data export in the form of table to files with extension HTML The first digit of each string defines the trace position in relation to the beginning of a profile in mm The rest part of the string represents the georadar data of this trace The file is automatically saved in a folder where the file with the source profile is stored Execution Item Export HTML from the menu File Export of a table to TXT It allows to save the data from the index point chart Section 5 9 5 to a text file Export is inaccessible if a chart is not displayed Execution Item Export table TXT from the menu File 5 13 File import For the results of export data processing to be visualized by means of program GeoScan32 the possibility of their import with possibility of the subsequent preservation in file GPR2 GPR is provide
74. ate ais graphic file then it can be accomplished from the system S Gane SS E menu of the window Picture Figure 5 9 13 in order to open the system menu click the left mouse button in the left upper corner of the window header In order to save file choose the item Save to X 3axpeite Alt F4 Pucynoxk 5 9 13 System menu of Picture panel Installation and removal of pictures To install photo labels in processing a radarogram use the panel Trace properties See above Choose a trace where you wish to install a photo label press the button Picture after that choose a graphic file in drop down window On pressing the key Open the selected picture will be reflected on the button Photo If it is necessary to install yet another label in addition to the photo just put a tick mark in the indicator of labeling Figure 5 9 8 and press Apply The item Add picture from the menu Edit allows to add a picture in the beginning of a profile To remove the picture open the window Picture choose the proper picture for removal with the help of arrows in the keyboard then open the window Trace properties in which click the small copy of a picture with the left mouse button Choose Yes lin the displayed window Saving of a profile with pictures Saving of pictures is possible only in files with extension GPR2 If you added pictures into a file w
75. ate is achieved at parameter 4 and the minimum one is at parameter 1 At that with the rate value being 2 one trace is drawn per pixel of the screen accordingly in enhancing the rate the picture image is spread and in reducing the rate it is compressed The values recommended for different types of the antenna units by the manufacture specialists are given in Table 4 8 1 27 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA Table 4 8 1 Recommended scanning psrameters ABDL AB90 AB150 AB250 AB400 AB700 AB1000R AB1200 AB1700 AB400P Samples amount Traces gt 30000 amount Sf Epsilon Appendix 5 Interval 150 50 100 30 50 10 30 between traces Gain 10 40 Gain e Gain factor is a parameter which denotes the maximum gain applied to the trace It changes from 1 to 9999 and can be adjusted both by a slider box of enhancement Figure 4 3 2 and by changing the numerical value of the parameter in the Enhancement line Figure 4 3 7 Gain Gain factor 1 Gain profile Exponent Alignment indow 29 Pucynok 4 3 7 IlapameTphi ycunenns B OKHe lt IlapameTphi ckannpoBanna e Gain profile straight and exponent profiles are accessible When it is streight signal enhancement is growing uniformly in depth of unrolling and when it is exponent the lower part is enhanced more drastically e Alignment window dimension of the vertical window where the amplitude alignment is accomplished The
76. ation indicator in the figure press button Apply or OK This method is more labor consuming but thus it allows establish a label most precisely if it is necessary Label editing is also carried out in a window Trace Properties Here it is possible to change the name and color To edit a label choose a trace and a readout on which it is established by tools in a window or with the help of the mouse cursor on a profile The tick in the installation indicator designates that the label is chosen After that press button Color for color change and in the displayed window choose any color from a palette or set it independently by opening a tabbed page Define color gt gt Enter a name in the corresponding window Figure 5 9 8 to change the label name All changes will be applied to the label after pressing OK or Apply 74 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Label Removal To remove a label from a profile click the left mouse button twice in that place on a profile where it is already established The window Label deleting will be displayed By pressing the button OK in this window the label will be removed and if you press Cancel one more label will be established It is possible to remove a label from a window of Trace Properties Choose it by means of corresponding tools and erase a tick on the indicator of label installation then press Apply Labels table The program GeoScan32 allows to
77. ationing starts by left clicking the point of a profile in mode of layer by layer processing the point near which as an operator thinks a contrast image of the layer boundaries is observed The program scans along the trace of a profile marked with a mouse cursor and searches for the measuring reference corresponding to the selected attribute The defined point is the starting point for plotting a layer Picking is performed to the left and to the right depending on the user s settings Observing the next traces of the profile the program searches for the measuring reference according to the user defined attribute by means of using the measuring reference of the previous trace as the starting point Afterwards a comparison of measuring reference numbers of the current and previous traces is accomplished but if the difference in numbers exceeds the preset offset value then the automatic plotting of layers is interrupted 6 5 Layer properties Each layer has its own properties which change in the tool bar Profile properties Figure 6 5 1 To call this panel right click under the upper boundary of the layer and select the item Properties in the dropped down contextual menu Properties of a layer Z Epsilon Signal speed m n 113 Layer width mm Ce fees a Ee a Note Layee Layer number O2 Layer 2 Change number 2 Cancel Figure 6 5 1 The panel Properties of a layer The panel Properties of
78. by layer processing you should left click once to the right part of the radarogram image Null of a depth scale will be set according to a position of a mouse cursor Note When the key ial is kept hold it is impossible to offset a zero of a depth scale This key should be released 6 6 5 Trace window on the profile with the layers ee The trace window in layer by layer mode is different from the Sa mf Bete Pepees Ordinary trace window in limited functionality and in that fact that a EE EA i esson e window shows not only the oscillogram of a trace but also the layer boundary Figure 6 6 8 The trace window of a stratified file has no function of cutting a profile the menu Edit changing a profile line and the pictures are not displayed in the profile either Figure 6 6 8 Trace window in a stratified profile 110 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 6 7 Export of a stratified ldt file 6 7 1 Export to the Autocad dxf format There is an opportunity in the program to export data of layers into a file of the Autocad program format In order to display the exported file it is necessary to install the AutoCad program version not lower than AutoCad 2008 Initialization of on line export settings in dxf is executed by the item Export to dxf of the menu File The window of export settings is shown in Figure 6 7 1 me YcTaHaBIMBaeT PeKOMeHJLyYeMbIN pa3mMep mpa prta nognace
79. choose it from the drop down list box on the right from the key Layer number and then click the key All enabled numbers and next one are provided for selection In order to show the number close to the layer itself it is necessary to activate an option Mark layers in the menu Markers or left click the icon Zl in the toolbar 6 6 Layer editing 6 6 1 Layers selection In order to select a layer as a whole it is necessary to left click under its upper boundary The layer will be selected if a hand drawing tool is inactive See Chapter 6 4 2 In addition a layer can be selected by choosing the item Select in the contextual menu which is called by right click above the upper boundary of a ei Cue 6 6 ei Ta WONT MA y Wy y oN Mae hs we My a W wy pie es a VNI Left l KUN M Right N l Fix Layer Nal Mi il N MAD i Unfix Layer i Delete Layer Ny P Any Cut Layer h Streight layer Amplitudes Properties Figure 6 6 1 Contextual menu of a file with layers In order to select all layers the item Select layers in the menu Layers is used In order to select a layer part press the key Shift in the keyboard and click left by keeping them held select a layer part with a mouse cursor Figure 6 6 2 GeoScan32 P0000_0002 1dt Sain Eka BHA Oya Ouh OfipaGoTma Mapkepe Che Moxoulb A e AO fil sme KEI PPn Log 396 1 96h Z 49 0 12H Les Figure 6
80. color char Text F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE 7 TYext for arko labels tF4LabelText 125 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA One and the same text can be attached to several marks labels and it will be recorded in the file in one copy Photo table K Tpaccam mpoduiia MOTyT ObITb IpHBA3aHbI OTOTpPadUn CIMMCOK KOTOPBIX PaciIOJIOXKeH B TaOMe 3a CYETUMKOM boTorpadun pragma pack 4 typedef struct _tF4ScShotCell unsigned int ID Homep ortorpapnn CLSID Encoder opMatT goTtorpadbun char Position lonmoxeHue B xXpaHVsuue CE42Scshotcell Camu dotTorpaduu pacnoslararoTca cpa3y 3a TaOJIMIeH B BAJE CHJIOUIHOTO MaccuBa Oa TOB lIpeqHa3HayeHHO ro JIA OTOOpaxeHnaA Ha OObeKT Stream KoHCcTaHTBI OLNpPCTeCICHHbIC UIH mana define F4V_FILE FLAG Oxedcbha987 Fail label F4VolumeProfile define F4 FILE FLAG Oxfedcba98 Fail label F4Profile define F4_ TRACE LENGTH 512 Max length of the trace define F4 HEADER BLOCK SIZE 512 Reserved size for header define F4_MAX TRACES 65000 Max quantity of the trace in the profile define F4_ FILE VERSION 1 File version define F4 TEXT STRING SIZE 40 Length of the text line in the header O naru Stat gna tF4Header State define F4 FL AUTO GAIN O0x00000001 Automatic flare define F4_FL_ INVERSION Ox00000002 Pofile inversion define F4 FL SPP DEFINE 0x00000004 Direct passing signal SPP is defined define F4_FL_SPP_DELETE 0x00000008 SPP delete define F4_ F
81. ct char Tipsl F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE comments 1 char Tips2 F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE comments 2 char Tips3 F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE comments 3 long CreatingUserNumber User ID number the generated profile long LastUserNumber User ID number of the changed profile int ZeroZone Dead zone of changing color 124 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Trace header Each trace has the header given below pragma pack 4 typedef struct _tF4TraceHeader FILETIME ReceiveTime Trace receiving time int Poston Coordinate linear from the begging of the profile mm int X Coordinate Xirelative mm int Y Coordinate Y relative imm int Z Coordinate Z relative mri int IAnt Antenna index unsigned int LabelID IIt gt 0 display the mark label which is coincides with the text data ID unsigned int LabelPos Mark label position indication tF4TraceHeader Trace data The trace data is placed after the trace header in the sequence of time reception in quantity equal to parameter Nsamples Number format of float IEEE the size is 32 bit Marks labels text array To the marks labels on georadar profile is possible to add texts that are containers in marks labels text array the elements of which have the following format pragma pack 4 typedef struct _tF4LabelText unsigned int LabelID Corresponds to the mark label with the data ID unsigned long LabelClr Mark label
82. d Import SEGY Data import from format SEGY files with extension SEG or SGY to format GPR2 GPR Execution Item Import SEGY from menu File Import SRS Data Import from format SRS files of railway SRS georadars to format GPR2 GPR Execution Item Import SRS from menu File 80 GeoScan32 PVKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BAaTeJIA Import GPS It allows export of GPS receiver data for binding a profile to the area After choosing the item Import GPS from menu File the panel GPS data import Figure 5 13 1 where it is necessary to press the button File selection After which open the file with GPS data corresponding to the recorded profile As a rule this file has an extension LOG GPS data import Profile name Stark Finish Fi 9kmnigeod_channellx 2009 6 8 2009 6 8 xx gpr lera Te eaga File name Start Finish sss L 0 005000 Correction Calculate way position Altitude evaluation Cancel Figure 5 13 1 Data binding from GPS receiver When the file has been chosen the information about it appears in the corresponding toolbar boxes To apply the data contained in a file put tick off marks against Calculate way position or Altitude evaluation depending on the fact what coordinates are required to take into account Afterwards OK To map a profile properly after the distance adjustment activate By trace position or Consider z coordinate
83. d by a tick against the caption Connect Selection of the used video camera if more than one camera is attached to PC is performed in a drop down list in Figure 4 4 7 the camera selection panel The key Ph mark or the Key A in the keyboard is used for photo labeling The key Size allows to call the window IO3BOJIA T BbI3BaTb OKHO mage size selection Figure 4 4 8 in which the size of the saved images and their quality is set The key File allows to save the graphic file with a current image apart from a radarogram Image size selection Size 1600x1200 Size 160x120 Size 176x144 Size 320 240 Size 352x206 Size 640x480 Size 800x600 Mis Oe se N Image quality Figure 4 4 8 Frame settings In addition to a single label setting there is a mode of Autolabel in which photo labels are set automatically with an interval equal to a step which is set by the user The mode will be switched on if you put in a tick mark against the word Autolabels Figure 4 4 7 a step is set in the window Step m The proper functioning of this mode is provided only when a odometer is under operation 38 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJB30BATeJIA 4 4 3 Substraction The mode Subtraction is designated for displaying dynamically modified objects behind the obstacles during static scanning and search of alive people behind the barriers according to the change of a r
84. d file We would like to draw your attention that in the process of creating the LDT file some information about the profile layer that is located above the stipulated zero of a depth scale is cut Be careful when setting it in file GPR The example of setting a zero given in the Chapter 5 6 4 6 3 File peculiarities in mode of layer by layer interpretation The file created in mode of layer by layer interpretation has the extension LTD The file with extension GPR which is the basis is always selected before creation of the LTD file Thus files with LDT and GPR extensions store different information LDT contains data of layers and its properties and GPR contains profile data Figure 6 3 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 xa 45 Sita p a 0 Viet Nt eohenctheahbendtheeetlo Cont Shei La P DT 2 a pe OL Ce neal gee FAM 5 pA a wees 0 2 4 6 8 epee S gt a E ENN TN E A SS a gt 25 So 33 Figure 6 3 1 Data sharing between LDT and GPR files 103 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA I e in opening the file File name td the program GeoScan32 automatically initializes the GPR file on the basis of which it was created In case this file was not found in its place the program proposes to show the way to it autonomously Another peculiarity of such data sharing is that one change in GPR file impacts all LDT files based on it 6 4 Drawing layers on a profile Initially there is a layer on a prof
85. d files DlononHnurenbHble ycTpolictBa Bar code Port Speed On GPS Port Speed On QononnurenbHble HACTPO KH Dipoles 100 50 25 Attenuator f Dab C 20 96 Dev stack 16 v M Subtraction M Multi chanals Henpepbienoe storing Select odometer Apopesxueanve Cancel Default Figure 4 3 11 Opening the optional panel Dipoles the given section allows to select the used dipoles in antenna unit ABDL Triton The button 100 means usage of vibrators by frequency 100 MHz the button 50 50 MHz and 25 25 MHz With the parameter changing the filtering parameters and those of the aerial base change Attenuator in case of strong signals reception it is possible to use decay of a forward signal by 20 dB which allows to avoid input amplifier overload For activation of this mode it is necessary to switch over the parameter to 20 dB Dev stack a device stack means that if the parameter value Stacks is less than the parameter value Dev stack then stack will be performed only at a hardware level in the antenna unit but if stack is set at the value that is more than a device stack then the antenna unit will transfer the data with stack equal to a hardware limit to program GeoScan32 and the program will accumulate these data till obtaining total stack appointed by the user By increasing the value of a device stack it is possible to cut down time consumption for data
86. d reaches the value of several centimeters under favorable conditions With the use of elementary GPS receivers accuracy of definition of position is essentially worse frequently from 5 to 15 meters In that case application of GPS receivers can be recommended for binding to a card of profiles of big length long hundreds of meters and more 42 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO IHOJIB30BaTeJIA 4 4 5 2 Switch on and work order To start work with GPS it is necessary to connect it to port RS232 Then start program GeoScan32 The control over the information accepted from the connected GPS receiver is carried out by means of the panel GPS info Figure 4 4 15 which can be activated by several ways Quantity of GPS info Seles catellites spee aE COM 9600 r Sa 4 Port Pine 55 33 81480 M Time amp 18 1 00 Longitude 38 12 41390E Height 139 0000 current position Height of antenna GPS Choose scale The route of movement Save rout in file Move current position of Close GPS info the aerial to the centre dialog Figure 4 4 15 Description of GPS info panel 1 A choice of the item GPS from the menu Special in the basic window of the program Figure 4 4 16 Thus there is only a panel GPS info on the screen It is usually used for preliminary Settings communication and testing of the GPS receiver before the start of georadar data record GeoScan32
87. d under operation Turning Ethernet connection NVIDIA nForce Networking Controller MuHunopt Georadar connection port m E PE EE Select port USE Adapter IP address iwa G2 GeoScan3 File View Kesiti Special Help CoM Adapter IP mask 255 255 255 O EZEN j O il e Program port 6767 ri 0 Data compressing CUM Set radar address by adapters config Language Ethernet Sa Radar IP address ARARE Radar port 6768 Cancel a b c Figure 4 1 4 Tuning Ethernet connection window 3 Select the network adapter from list in the upper part of the Tuning Ethernet connection dialog Figure 4 1 4 c 4 Press the key ____ Setradar address by adapters config the mode Adapter autotuning is inactive no tick off mark 5 Network connect was a success if the first three values in the lines Adapter IP address and Radar IP address coincide 21 PVKOBOJICTBO IIOJIB30BaATeJ1A GeoScan32 4 2 Scanning mode start up Scanning mode window can be started by different ways 9 File gt Scan Figure 4 2 1 a e Left click on the icon 9 9 Ctrl S in the keyboard File gt New gt Profile figure 4 2 1 b Create Ctrl N 2 a I a uv a v u S a gt a 3 r 402e 2mo amp SRS file import vers on the profile L Print Setup Page Setup 1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D wcnbiTaHna PROOO7 GPR
88. dem The connection rate is from O to 100 MB sec In order to operate successfully a correctly adjusted Ethernet adapter is required 4 1 1 1 Network adapter connection check 1 Open the Network connections window Start Settings Network connections 2 Test the applied connection state via the local network in the Status column Figure 4 1 1 Network Connections L EE Ioj x File Edit wiew Favorites Tools Adwanced Help ae Bank gt k Pa Search ear Folders iby E x 4 Bal Address ie Network Connections si Phone or Host Addre LAN or High Speed Internet aL Local 4rea Connection LAN or High Speed Inter Network cable unplugged Realtek RTL81359 810x F UH Wireless Network Connection LAN or High Speed Inter Disabled Firewalled Intel R PRO Wireless 39 Figure 4 1 1 Network settings window If the local network connection state is in the Disabled mode you should click the right mouse button on the line Local area connection and select the Enable line in the displayed menu 3 Close the Network connections window 4 1 1 2 Network adapter connection rate adjustment 1 Open the Network connections window Start Settings Network settings 2 Click the right mouse button on the name of connection used for interface with GPR and choose the Properties line The selected Ethernet network adapter propertie
89. der to avoid loss of the useful information on a radarogram As a rule the shift value is already programmed in the antenna unit but if it is necessary to update it it is necessary to effect installation prior to the beginning of a profile record 24 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A Rough is a parameter which allows to roughly adjust vertical displacement of a signal to move a signal of electromagnetic interference closer to the upper margin of a profile The change of this parameter is similar to the change of parameter Shift One step of a rough shift corresponds to 32 steps of a smooth one for AB 1700 AB 1200 AB 1000 AB 700 AB 400 and their modifications or to 4 steps for AB 250 AB 150 AB 90 ABDL Triton and their modifications At work with greater time scales a rough shift is reset to 0 no matter what value was set before Scale is a parameter which defines a time scale and influences the maximum depth of scanning Scales changes by steps and its values can change depending on the used antenna unit The parameter Scale in a scanning window Figure 4 3 4 and the parameter Time scale in a window Scanning parameters are identical Scale selection is carried out in accordance with Table 4 3 1 Gain the parameter in a window shows a gain of a signal Use slider bar for change gain factor Figure 4 3 2 The button AGC Gain Figure 4 3 2 allows to switch between mode AGC automatic gain c
90. driver fleuatp Oue Bbi ephre npHHTEp ma Sa YCTAHOEKA FineFrint HF Microsoft Microsoft PS pd NOWHTeDA H Office Doc Document he gt CocToAHHe oroe Hactpo ka PasMeLGHHE Halt MpHHTER KOMMEHT api Owanason CTP aH Bee ucan KONE 1 a gy gy CTpaHHuet i pi BBEQHTE HOMEP CTPAHHUbI HAH AHANAZOH CTPaHHu Mpurep 5 12 Figure 5 18 3 Profile printout 100 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 19 Data saving Program GeoScan32 backs up some options of saving the georadar data and the results of their processing Command Save from menu File key F2 or the icon tl keeps a profile with extension GPR or GPR2 open Command Save as from menu File keys combination Shift F2 saves the open profile in a new file with extension GPR or GPR2 The user is offered an opportunity to assign a new name to a file by using a standard toolbar for file choosing The open profile window header changes showing a name of a new file which now contains the profile under the processing Command Save copie from menu File differs from the previous one in that the program GeoScan32 having saved data in a copy continues to consider an initial file as active file The open profile window header does not change and if the user applies command Save after this command then saving will be made into the first open file 5 19 1 Save image to a file By usin
91. e can be chosen by a mouse not only in a profile but also in the window Viewfinder itself For this serve the control slide boxes of horizontal and vertical lines of a viewfinder which are located along the window perimeter You can handle them both by a mouse and by arrows in the keyboard In addition to it the desired trace and readout can be chosen by entering the corresponding values from the keyboard 70 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTe1A In order to change the cross color in a profile which shows the selected trace choose one of the items from the menu Trace window Figure 5 9 2 There are four color options provided White Black Color and Inversion when lines in a dark background are drawn light and in a light one they are black All items of this menu are duplicated by the keys in the keyboard The menu Trace window is also accessible on clicking the right mouse button in the window MS peo _channellxxx gpr Seles ieee pic Edit je m 0 00ns Properties White Wi nvers i 1 5448 Figure 5 9 2 Menu Viewfinder Besides all described parts of a window buttons 0 and pp are located in it The button of displacement of zero 0 is used in those cases when constant displacement of a signal in relation to a vertical viewfinder occurs usually it is more visible in its bottom part Figure 5 9 3 takes place To remove this displacement it is necess
92. e interval of the font size calibration and control The key auto size of captions sets the recommended font size for calibration The key horizontals through the drawing initializes the output of a mutually parallel lines family along the axis of X 111 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA The option display vertical gauge marks allows to display the named vertical gauge marks preset by the user A set of parameters layers data allows to number the layers in the drawing and to display information about layers as shown in Figure 6 6 7 If the layers were crosshatched in advance then this crosshatching can be displayed in the drawing with the help of the box sketching of layers or fill in the layers with solid color the same as that of crosshatching There is an option to control the scale separately along the axes of X and Y which allows to convert the image of a long spread profile into the image with square profile The option Traces have a horizontal configuration according to their Position parameter is identical to a similar option in the main program The exported file is saved by default in the same folder in which the stratified LDT file is saved The path is displayed in the upper part of a dialog By pressing the key the folder in which the exported file will be saved can be replaced The example of the exported file is shown in Figure 6 7 2 fd AutoCAD 2008 C devVlormC DE
93. e is abnormally many colored when the desired signal is hardly observable it can be useful to make two dimensional signal smoothing For this purpose select item Smooth in menu Processing press key combination Ctrl Shift L in the keyboard or click an icon in the process tools with the left mouse button Signal smoothing occurs because of averaging of values for each point of the profile Averaging is effected in the window the dimensions of which are defined by the user and changed in window Processing parameters Figure 5 14 23 Processing Options Trend Order Median Filter Window Subtraction Window Forward signal Threshald Spectrums Field Normalization m lili Leveled CSV Cancel Figure 5 14 23 Setting up of a smoothing window in Processing parameters The result of smoothing is shown in Figure 5 14 24 100 Font Sofa eee Non Keroro if gt aA Ws P Ia i eg meg OOO 150 nwa hi ree I A 200 250 300 350 oO 60 0 65473018 65473018 a before 6 after Figure 5 14 24 Result of smoothing application 94 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO IHOJIB30BaTeJIA 5 14 14 Emphasis Processing procedure opposite to Smooth 1 e if the image is soft when the useful signal seems degraded in can appear to be useful to increase contrast of the image with the help of item Emphasis For this purpose choose item Emphasis in menu Processing or press key combina
94. e set by the user and recording of traces into files Stops 32 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 Profile interpretation Interpretation mode means the mode with profile operation the files with GPR and GPR2 All the basic functions of the program are available in this mode To enter this mode it is sufficient enough to open the file with one of the ways described in this Chapter 3 4 1 5 1 Program window in interpretation mode After opening a file the view of the window is displayed in Figure 5 1 1 Visualization tools Toolbar Main menu Profile Header 2 GeoScan32 PROO27 GPR Sele Dol g SIMIC o o a a eT o eee 000 e s 1020 51 00 m 2 0 0 00 m NUM 2 Status bar Process tools Figure 5 1 1 Program GeoScan32 window in interpretation mode e Header in which the program title and name of the open profile is displayed e Main menu contains the main commands to control the program e Toolbar most of the icons that are placed in the toolbar are duplicated by commands of the main menu e Instruments of visualization allow to control the parameters of a profile visualization contrast brightness intensity without opening the additional windows Processing tools icons duplicating items in menu Processing e Status panel where the additional information comments results and e t c are displayed In the menu View it is possible to hide or display the panels choosing items Status p
95. e will be installed on a profile in this place 64 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 8 Profile visualization 5 8 1 Change of profile color Initially a radarogram in program GeoScan32 is represented in black and white color but it is possible to redefine colors There is Color levels panel Figure 5 8 1 for this purpose which can be opened from menu Option item Change color by clicking the left mouse button on an icon F in the toolbar or by a simultaneous pressing a key combination Ctrl I in the keyboard E Color levels Black level Jorapapmnseckn Black and white Poe white level MacmTa OKpacKu level adjustment z p zero zone Default value of contrast Brightness adjustment Figure 5 8 1 The window of changing a profile coloring All lines of a profile in the central part of the opened panel are in the form of the imposed oscillograms The bottom part of a window represents a number of colored black and white rectangles pressing on which it is possible to change the colors used in a palette The result of application of the chosen colors to signal in regular intervals increasing from left to right is shown under a number of rectangles Use the icon ld for save new palette and to open the already created one press the icon By default the program GeoScan32 stores color schemes in files with extension CS Some quantity of palette files is copied at installation of
96. elements are accompanied with the pop up help when the mouse cursor is pointed to them Figure 3 6 1 GeoScan3 New File Ctrl N Figure 3 6 1 Pop up help Keyboard shortcuts allow to speed data processing and recording operations Program instruction description displayed in the GeoScan32 Reference window which is enabled by the item Topics list from the Help menu Figure 3 6 2 Cnpaska GEOSCAN32 Application Help NpeamerHbilt ykasarenb Nouck About GeoScan3 1 Beegure nepsbie Syk6bI HYKHOTO CNOBA 2 Boi6epure TEpMHH HAH bpasy H HaxkMuUTe KHONKY MokasaTb GeoScang2 Version 2 5612 SSE 2 opt meHio Bug 2 mento OkHa MEHO Onuuu tis eee Compilation date 6 52 35 Apr 28 2009 NAHENb HHETPYMEHTOB NEYaTb QOKYMEHTSa pa ota c alinamu Registered on Anton User ID 65479018 professional Web site Supporting email 18 05 2009 Copyright C Logical Systems 2000 2008 Otmena Figure 3 6 2 Reference widow in GeoScan32 Figure 3 6 3 Program data window Compilation data and program version are displayed in the About GeoScan32 Program window Figure 3 6 3 entered by the item with the same name in the Help menu 18 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 GPR scanning 4 1 Interface with GPR 4 1 1 PC network settings GPR control is executed by GeoScan32 Program through the Ethernet connection effected via RJ 45 connector or WiFi adapter with the use of radio mo
97. en the Russian and the English languages 3 3 3 Logis settings There is a function of manufacturer settings recovery which is designated for replacement of the default value settings set up by the user Logis settings can be applied by pressing the item with the same name in the Special menu Figure 3 3 3 It is useful to apply this function when there are program errors that can be caused by the parameters which were wrongly set for GeoScan3 File View ellsinty Special Help O wl Port Select 2 0 Data compressing Language WI Russian w English Figure 3 3 2 Language adjustment GeoScan32 Logical settings File View Options Pee Help D oa Ge es lo __ Serial redefinition Processing unit GPS Georadar testing zil Figure 3 3 3 Logis settings application 14 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeIA 3 4 Document opening and creation 3 4 1 Document opening al For opening file select Open item from File menu Figure 3 4 1 click the icon on the toolbar with the left hand mouse button or press the F3 key on the keyboard and select file in Open dialog Figure 3 4 2 You can also choose a previously opened file from File menu list Figure 3 4 1 Geostand AGE View Options Special Help New hN fe Scan Cirl 5 F3 Import SEGY SRS File import Print Setup Page Setup 1 DO acneiTaHnal PROS0
98. ers or digital settings of the corresponding parameters should be used 66 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 8 3 Gain control OrpoMHbIM JMHaMMyecKHM mmanazoHn okono 90gb WaHHbIx WOuyIaeMbIx reopayapom JeakoT HeCBO3MO KHBIM 3PHTeCJIbHbIM aHan3 HeH3MeCHeEHHOTO cuHrHaa Jia YyMeHbIIeHHA MHaMHYeCKOrO gpanazoHa UCIOJb3YFOTCA pa3IM4HbIe aJITOPHTMbI BbIpaBHMBAHMA aAMIVJIMTY curHaa Cabrie CHrHalIbl JOJDKHBI ObITb YCHJICHbI HO TAKAM OOpa30M Y4TOOBI He CJIMIMIKOM UCKa3MTb XapaKTepHble 4epTbI reopayapHoro Uupodusa B 3aBMuCHMOCTH OT HHAMBHAYAJBHHIX OcOOeHHOCTeH reopadapHbIx IpOmusen BbIPaBHUBaHve CHTHAJIOB YaCTO TpeOyeT HHIMBULyalIbHOu HacTpouKu IIpocTbim HHCTpyMeHTOM BbIPaBHUBaHHA CHTHAJIOB CIYKHT peryiATOp KoIpPdunMeHTa YCHJICHHA PaCIIOJIOKeHHbIM BBepXy TIaBHOTO OKHa WporpamMbil GeoScan32 pucyHoK 5 8 3 Jlepee ero pacnonoxeHa KHOMKa BKJIIOUCHHA PexKUMAa ABTOMATHYCCKOLO PeryJIMPOBKH YCHJICHHA IK TeM He mence IA TOHKO MHIMBUyasIbHONW HAaCTPpOHKU YCHJICHHA CJIEMYET UCIOJIb30BaTb maHelb M3menenue ycurenua PUCyHOK 5 8 4 Open Gain profile dialog Ota A amp 4 em a Ch 1 se z fo P 7o00 K 5251 Brightness adjustment Gain adjustment Contrast adjustment Default value of Default value of contrast brightness Figure 5 8 3 Visualization toolbar To activate the panel choose the item Gain profile in the menu View press the combination of keys Ctrl K in the keyboa
99. et called by the item Process parameters menu in Options menu with keys combination Ctrl Shift P or click the left mouse button on an icon T on the process tools panel Processing Options Trend Order Median Filter Window Subtraction Window Forward signal Threshold Spectums Field Normalization Leveled COV OHO CraiackHBaHHa AAHHEIY Horizontal Vertical i E Cancel Figure 5 14 1 Processing parameters window The objects will be attenuated that are stretched in horizontal direction as the result of processing at reduction of a window The less is the value Subtraction window parameter the more attenuated will be the objects of small horizontal size If the size of Subtraction window defines as null the subtraction of a global mean value will be effected 1 e the size of a window is equaled to the quantity of traces in a profile 82 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeJIA The example is given on Figures 5 14 2 and 5 14 3 of applying Average subtraction processing mco OO 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 ASG 0 2 4 ag a i aa Y Ke gat a TTN ns i v JAY A a A a 1h a r ae _ _ p Y 0 40m be at aw v Da a e en i z a J em A ee yw r a 0 500 g Ls gt i H ee es E ee Se ee E ee T Ga 10 en 6 a abs CS r i E a e een ee ee eet 070m i a ip bo aj ns zi 5e pi 3 7
100. f the trace nanoseconds float Eps Epsilon int Ddxmm Step across X axis mm yi struct int Ddymm Step across Y axis mm for F4V unsigned int NProf Quantity of the profile in the set una FAV by _int64 StartPosition Start Coordinate mm F4P by intoa StartX Start Coordinate X absolute mm noted Starty Start Coordinate Y absolute mm Ines Start Start Coordinate Y absolute mm FILETIME CreateTime Creation time of the profile FILETIME ManipulationTime Change time of the profile unsigned int La Basis between antennas MM im Tstarc Start time of the receiver quantity of the points that are cut above gt 0 after cutting o6OpesaHua from above int Tspp Signal position of the direct passing float SppThreshold Threshold quantity to define CHI float Kraz Max ratio cf racing unsigned int WinSize Window depth balancing and e unsigned int HorWinSize Window wideness balancing int WhiteProcent Negative boundary rangeability of the color int BlackProcent Positive boundary rangeability of the color unsigned int ScanMode Scanning mode Acc with the step with the time ee unsigned int NSum 7 Accouomulation cCoseiticient sarr hard unsigned int NTpz Shife PTZ0 8 PTZ21 256 char AntenName F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE Title of the antenna unit char Operator F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE Operational user char Object F4_TEXT_STRING_SIZE scanning obje
101. fo H aafo 2 OK Cancel Apply F Inversion Paint mode Figure 5 8 5 Gain adjustment The button Curve Smoothing is used for mitigation of sharp changes drops of an alignment curve Figure 5 8 5 By consecutive pressing it the effect of smoothing enhances When there is a tick mark against Inversion Figure 5 8 4 signal inversion occurs 1 e all amplitudes change their sign Everything that was black in a radarogram becomes white and vice versa Besides simple change of a gain factor and the form of a gain curve the window Gain profile is accessible for application of such modes as Automatic Gain Control AGC and the Mode of Indemnification of Wave Attenuation 68 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Mode of compensation of wave loss Button Phys allows compensate electromagnetic wave attenuation in a homogenous medium with a fixed attenuation factor which is specified in a window under the button Phys in the tenth shares of Db m At activation of option Phys the change of a curve form and a gain factor is locked Zeroising of W Gain Profile SEE gain factor x b H Mex wn Enter a mode of compensation Attenuation factor da fio H afafio H e OK Cancel Apply Inversion Figure 5 8 6 Mode of compensation of wave attenuation Automatic Gain Control AGC Tick mark Auto Figure 5 8 7 allows to quickly zeroise a gain factor and thus to activate a mode of
102. ftware is licensed not traded Value of license It is permitted to install and to use one copy of the software on one computer presented by either the work station terminal or any digital electronic device further computer Storing and using in net You have also the right to keep and to install the copy of the program on the filing device for instance on the net server assigned and used exclusively for starting and working with the program on other your computers within a local net however at that it is necessary to receive the license for each computer where the program is installed used presented or executed The program license is undividable and does not assume simultaneous using the program on several computers In spite of these limits any quantity of computers can access or use otherwise the services of work with files services of printing and services of direct connection if these opportunities are provided by software Prohibition of cracking the technology and decompiling It is prohibited to crack the technology and to decompile the software except the case of and only in that degree when such actions are explicitly permitted by current legislation in spite of presenting this limitation in the license agreement Temporary using It is prohibited to present the program to temporary using Trademarks Current license agreement does not provide you any rights concerning any trademarks or names belonging to
103. g item Save as BMP from menu File menu the icon ll or keys Ctrl F2 it is possible to save graphic images of a profile directly in a file in standard Windows format of a raster scan graphics Bitmap The choice of a file name and choice of a folder is made in a standard Windows dialogue The user is offered to choose one of the four formats BMP JPEG GIF PNG for saving the image We recommend to use an open format PNG having a small size a correct color orthochromatic reproduction and absence of garbles for format JPEG 101 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeJIA 6 Layer by layer interpretation of profiles 6 1 Peculiarities of by layer interpretation mode Not infrequently in operating a georadar we can extract rather discontinuous and uniform zones which can be represented by layers of earth that have their own values of electromagnetic wave propagation velocity defined by dielectric permittivity of the medium On defining the permittivity at a certain point of the layer we can apply it to the entire layer In this case there is an opportunity to bring the georadar profile in accordance with its geometrical dimensions which can turn out very useful for instance in road building and in many other fields In connection with this there is a separate option in the program GeoScan32 that allows to draw layers on a profile to change their properties and export the layer data for further processing for example in the
104. g the boundaries Attribute Maximum stationing of layer boundaries is executed along the axes of in phase wave pattern of white color Zero stationing of layer boundaries is executed along the boundary between black and white in phase axes Minimum stationing of layer boundaries is executed along black in phase axes Phase stationing of layer boundaries is executed along black and white in phase axes Phase driving stationing of layer boundaries is executed between black or white in phase axes This mode of stationing layers functions according to the algorithm different from the mode Zero and can be useful as an alternative to this mode Shift maximum permissible value of offsetting the border picked from trace line to trace line The parameter defines the height of a window in which the search for the next point of plotting layers will be executed Direction To the left to the right direction of plotting the layer boundary Length the length of the layer boundary in traces The layer with a definite length will be drawn after each click of the left mouse button Layer the number of the drawn layer the program GeoScan32 starts plotting of layers from the second layer No 2 If it is necessary to finish the operation with a layer select the next number in the drop down list or the number of the already available layer to resume operation with it 105 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA The process of autost
105. ginning 0 or the end of a passage Digital notation 1150 Figure 4 4 19 Bar codes digital notation Thus on reading of a bar code which designates the passage beginning the program automatically begins profile record and on reading of a bar code of passage designating the end it finishes record and saves a profile 4 4 6 2 Activation and work order Before the beginning of work connect the device of bar code recognition to USB port of a PC with which the further work will be carried out Then install the driver from a disk which is included into the device complete set When all actions set forth above are executed it is possible to start the program and enter a scanning mode To start work with the bar code scanner it 1s necessary to put a tick mark against an inscription On drawing 4 4 20 in section Additional devices the Bar code of a window Scanning parameters and to choose a port of communication and speed of connection Ne of COM port after driver s installation can be checked in a window Device Manager For this purpose right click the icon My computer on a desktop choose the item Property then choose the entry Equipment in the drop down window and press the key Device Manager You will see the numbers of ports used in the computer The open window Device Manager if you unroll a menu branch Ports COM and LPT by pressing Speed of connection will be set equa
106. gnals and depends on the scanned medium For instance while scanning clay layers the amplitude of the signal of electromagnetic interference is much lower than the one while scanning sandy soils Signal of Transmitter electromagnetic Receiver antenna interference antenna Figure 2 1 Expansion of signal of electromagnetic interference At a radar profile the image of the signal of electromagnetic interference corresponds to the depth scale reference point For it in the Trace window window move vertical slider bar in the place where the signal has zero minimum amplitude first time figure 2 2 And press pp button for place begin of depth scale in this point M PR0027 GPR TB Trace Window Edit 34 05 m 19 53n Properties p5 x 25 422 0000 o pp i Signal of electromagnetic interference EEETETETLI Figure 2 2 Trace window 122 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A Appendix 3 File date of GeoScan32 program format F4 The data that is received from georadar is kept in GeoScan32 program in F4 format using the real type number with floating point the size is 32 bit according with IEEE standard Each profile that is received by georadar is saved in a separate file the name has lt gpr2 gt expansion Forwarding information is also saved in this file Below there is block scheme of data file in F4 format File header CF4Profile tF4Header F4Header Complemented
107. h the help of the item Split To close the chosen active window it is possible to use the item Close from the menu File or press the combination Ctrl F4 56 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeA 5 4 Modes of profile mapping The profile is displayed only if the option Show profile is set up in menu View there is a tick opposite to item of the menu If the option is not activated only scales are displayed in the window Figure 5 3 1 Sometimes such a mode of displacement is useful in a mode of layer by layer processing J GeoScan32 PROO31 GPR Sel A a n Npaska Bua OKHa Onunmn Obpabotka Crnncekn Nomowb x DASHES najale Aalli BEREAN A RT a l z fo 700 ff fi ee 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 g M B 7 DE Se D O0m 0 10n 200 030m Dlm 050m T bo 0 60m ik amp Radha i ar B70m csy 1 6 gi ji h 1 h 4 k 1 k 1 p 1 1 1 1 b 1 ad psy 65479018 Figure 5 3 1 Profile displacement is Off Usually the profile is displayed in the view of gray scale or colored image on top of which are superposed to be images of viewfinders marks scales For more self descriptiveness in the GeoScan32 program the profile is always displayed with the scales which are placed in its perimeter Figure 5 3 2 To the left of the profile there is a time scale above a profile and under it a distance scale 1 e the passed di
108. he keyboard 33 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 4 Record of Georadar Profile Before the beginning of a profile record be sure that all parameters have been set and the selected mode of scanning complies with working conditions Settings adjustment and mode selection is performed in accordance with Table 4 3 1 and recommendations of Chapter 4 3 4 Without starting the profile record check the operation of the odometer 1 e the distance in a corresponding window increases when the antenna unit is being moved be also sure that the right time scale has been chosen Table 4 3 1 and shift has been set so that the signal of electromagnetic interference is located close to the upper edge of the profile but at the same time it does not go beyond the window borders Stack should also be chosen following the recommendations stated above and in setting this parameter attention should be paid to the change of the authorized scanning speed which may appear to be inadmissibly small when the stack is big that will strongly complicate work In the process of scanning it is worth paying attention to parameter Scroll speed which should be reduced during inspection of long sites since in this case a window includes more traces which will allow to evaluate a radarogram in real time or to increase in the course of short profiles inspection In order to start scanning put the antenna unit on an index point of a profile and press the key Rec
109. he last file Figure 5 14 7 is given in the window End position if the option Check end is installed Positioning of files series i F gkmigeol_channell ssx gpr Fror 0001 Befi 0001 WW Check end Begin position i 3 End position Set Set Revers I Protocol Close Figure 5 14 7 Positioning of files series panel after file opening Type in the required value in the line to change the start and end close tick positions which are placed under the real values Press key Set the value of the horizontal scale of the distance covered by all file set will be changed by the chosen value times It is necessary to perform all operations in the right part of the window to set up the close to tick position at that time the length of the profiles will be increased or decreased up to the typed in value and the start position will be unchanged 85 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA It is necessary to open the required number of the profiles reverse a set of files select the first one and press key Reverse After that the value of the start of the first profile will be changed into the end value of the last one and vice versa 5 14 6 Invers correction Sometimes some antenna units record lines in antiphase with the normal phase lines As for the rest these signals are quite conditioning but they are visually displayed by vertical lines preventing from interpretation of the georadar profile Option
110. he program does not envisage specification of a gain profile for each radargram Marks placed on the radargram in the course of processing are also represented in the 3D visualization mode including their names and colors Homonymous marks on the profiles included in the set are automatically linked with straight lines Figure 7 4 1 119 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A Appendix I License agreement IT IS IMPORTANT READ ATTENTIVELY This license agreement further agreement is the legal document concluded between you natural person or juridical person and Logical Systems ltd further LogiS concerning above mentioned program application of LogiS further program or software including the software recorded on appropriate mediums any printed materials and any embedded or electronic documentation Any program components presented together with software rules of using which specified in special license agreement are provided on terms of later Installing copying loading accessing or using this software otherwise you at the same time accept the terms of this agreement LogiS reserves to itself the right to change the Agreement for any of following program version PROGRAM LICENSE The software is protected by lows and international agreements about intellectual property rights and by other lows and contracts regulating relationships of intellectual property right This so
111. he window Select files for creating the 3D volume will be displayed in the screen Figure 7 2 2 Choose the files in this window that are to be integrated in 3D model Select files for creating the 3D volume Danka 9 rophzoHTanbHo v E PRo001 GPR e E PB prooi7 cPr PB proois cer PB prooo3 cer Hegashue A prooo4 cpr PB prooos cpr PJ prooos cer PB prooo7 cpr PB prooos cPr QOKYMEHTbI Pagoyul cron PB proois cpr PJ prooz0 cer PB prooz1 GPR PB prooz2 cPr PB PR0023 GPR PB prooog cpr PB prooi0 cer PB prooi1 cPR PB prooiz cer PB prooi3 cPr PB prooi4 cer Bproois cer a PB proois cPr 3 Cetesoe OKPYKEHHE Tun panos Geos can32 profiles gpr gpr2 v OTmMeHa Figure 7 2 2 Choose files for 3 D model Mma patina Files shall be ordered by name Right click the files selection window and their names shall be automatically assigned in the course of profile recording Selection of file names to enter the files shall be executed in descending order starting from the senior in Ne by holding the key Ctrl in the keyboard and left clicking the file names It is possible to check the order of opened files can 115 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA be checked in line File name where the last name on the left is referred to the file which will be located in the initial level along the Y axis Scrolling of the line File name is performed when the cursor is pointed to it and
112. ia A arrests sca nage me aama TE i m eu im Ha ES n artas Un ee tal Fl Al z pe ee Td F aapa ereen a maine ap Sut SESS nar auaa EAA ie ALLE LLL LLL om n Pin Rn rage E ra i a Er ppo Anny ETT A GAG AM a fl P r pi TOET CECT gl oi oll ol Ar amy an gt eA a gt wn i HA i i 5 0 5 a 5 M 45 0 m 5473018 Figure 6 6 5 The profile before the boundary demei ea A Soi oia iE cc Bempamiennas eee Ari gt me OO lal ar a r a SERS er rpannya Figure 6 6 6 The profile after the boundary alignment 109 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIH Splitting of layers Called contextual menu by right click at the breakdown point where the layer is to be divided and choose Cut layer item for divide one layer into several ones After applying this operation the right part of the layer will automatically be painted in a different color and there appears an access to set distinct properties for a separated layer Figure 6 6 7 Fal nin Td T a e oe ET all SS ade REE wate et eee AEE EEE SEEING OEE a pa ARA rape see FE m pm m y N A a pi a kn Ar r T mAr A ays net Amps roe a A ge T ll oi ae a ey Pe eer er re alley a P 7 Daa m r 0 e ta I 0 5 473018 Figure 6 6 7 The example of a split layer with altered properties 6 6 4 Dragging a zero of a depth scale In order to drag the null of a depth scale in mode of layer
113. icnbITaHna PRO202 GPR HAcnbITaHMal PRO198 GPR HcnbITaHMa PRO201 GPR HAcnbITaHMa PRO188 GPR ACNbITaHHAl PO rn me PRO212 GPR Ex de start up ing mo Scanni 1 2 4 Figure If all the above mentioned settings were adjusted in the right way and GPR ready to work the scan mode window with data from GPR radarogram will display over the main window Figure 4 2 2 eters aram S P z x AB 1 7 00 MS EtherNet S Q u Iz Visua ee aes igen geek dee EN p Radarogram ng alibrate ds Record sett oun gt f LS yf p in giad als Sie Mae see sie i ii 2 eee Si at ay Ey p pn s Contextual Se ae a fe Gate Gute Eek Sep eee ae d Be a ji Ps ki di i ae diate lt a Ais ee h P Pg menu il chi i gt lt a ae ee We i i Figure 4 2 2 Scanning mode window GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 3 Scanning mode window The scanning mode window can be conditionally divided into several parts which are painted in different colors in Figure 4 2 2 4 3 1 Control keys Figure 4 3 1 shows all control keys EE EtherNet Ab 1 00 Figure 4 3 1 Control keys e Key Connect ON OFF connection with GPR Keyboard shortcut C e Record start of profile recording Keyboard shortcut
114. ile which 1s spread along the upper boundary of the profile 1 e it is drawn in the place where a zero of a depth scale was set in GPR file This layer is Ne 01 and its name is The top layer Dielectric permittivity of this layer corresponds to the value which was set in GPR file Arbitrary layers can be placed on a profile under the The top layer so that any vertical line has no more than 12 layers There are manual and semi automatic tools to plot layers in the program GeoScan32 6 4 1 Hand drawing of layers In order to draw a layer on a profile it is necessary to activate a drawing tool Marker by pressing the icon in the toolbar a combination of keys Ctrl M or by selecting the item of the same name in the menu Markers Figure 6 4 1 GeoScan3 PROO 7 dt Fie Edit View Windows Options Processing ueqeem Layers Help D l c WE ala s A Auto o a Marker Ctrl M O Draw Layer Ctril J PR00 7 ldt Delete Marker a w Mark Layers 0 5 A Figure 6 4 1 Drawing tool selection Afterwards the red crosses X markers will be put on the profile by clicking the left mouse button Mark the upper boundary of a new layer with them and after all necessary markers are set on the profile connect them In order to do this press an icon in a tool bar a key combination Ctrl J in the keyboard or select the item Draw layer in the menu Markers Figure 6 4 1
115. in the opened window Save a file Figure 4 5 2 Control is accomplished in this window as in ordinary saving After pressing the key Save in this window a profile recording starts We recommend to save files in a separate empty folder since in saving files they are named in running order beginning from the O one and there can be a replacement of the already available files in case of file names coincidence In the course of recording in the window Event log called from the contextual menu the item Event log names of all hold files time of saving and also the beginning and end of a file if the odometer is used Moreover a text file which also has data on each file is created in the location of all files storage EventLog OOOO 000 0000 000 POOOQ_OO0T gpr 12 32 17 06 0109 OOOO 000 0000 000 POOOD_OO02 gpr 12 32 14 06 01 709 0000 O00 0000 000 POOOD_OOUS gore 12 32 16 06 01 09 OOOO 000 0000 000 POOOD_OO04 gore 12 32 18 06 01 09 OOOO O00 OO00 O00 POOOO_O005 gpre 12 32 20 06 01 09 0000 O00 OO00 O00 POOOO_OO06 gpre 12 32 22 0601709 0000 O00 OO00 O00 POOOO_OO0 gpre 12 32 24 06 01 09 Pucynox 4 5 6 IIpoTokoJ coObiTnii B pexumMe HenpepbiBHoro coxpaHeHna Affixation of labels with continuous numbering is likely to be in mode of Continuous saving Chapter 4 4 6 3 Termination of recording is performed for instance by pressing the Esc key and the last file in a series turns out to be shorter than the siz
116. inition of the scanning depth of the objects it is necessary to set the beginning of it properly i e tieback zero to the surface of the environment Not infrequently it occurs automatically because the threshold value for detailed information see Section 5 2 is set but sometimes it should be updated In any case before measuring the depth location of a local object or a layer we recommend you to check the correctness of zero point adjustment Thus in order to install the beginning of a depths scale open the item Trace window Figure 5 6 8 Choose the item Trace window in the menu View or press the key Space in the keyboard HC Trace Window Edit Set a zero in a 000 a a selected position 0 x 92 266 0000 f S esesese 2 i 65479018 Figure 5 6 8 Installation of a zero of a scale depth in window Viewfinder In the window Set a horizontal line on the first passage of zero point in a forward signal as it is shown in Figure 5 6 8 and press the button pp Dimensioning There is an option Ribbon tape which allows to measure distance and depth to measure the dimensions of the object on the profile in GeoScan32 program For measurement it is enough to press the right button of the mouse in any place of radarogramm and keeping it move the cursor in any direction Thus at the top of a window of the program there will be a window of measurements with values of depth and distances Figure
117. ise ck a a O E E O A aoe ee Sareecteass 86 S E A E aE I e EEE A E TEE E E A A A E A 86 S46 APU SYDIMESIS eiaa a a ee ee ee 86 TALO TWH ere TES tO Citi eaen r I T EAE 87 JATO Bandpass Wl iS ell Lene eeee nn ee eee Seer Te tree ea naa aa Tener nae 88 SAAL HOr onma kN E oaeen seetssmeceb baked E A E T 91 Did Revo TNC LMI r es east cose eats ah eure eee pees Sw eee see sew a 93 eye cE BS eo MOO 0 eee eee epee ea ene ree eres ee a nore ee tee econ reee 94 Sl AA IMP NAS eri E E E nical ceonie deh eerie euch eae 95 FILT ope UE el deaa aaa a aaa aaa 95 5 lO Deconvolution nre N 95 5 15 Use processing module application ccccceescceeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeneeeaseneaseseneenes 96 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A 5 16 PFOCESSING NISTOTY scscsecits se oiana ia aaa aea aaa aa aa aea aaa aa isk ea idee uaaa EE AGAn 97 5 17 IPFOCESSING IST ClO AMON ce ciccstcccssccsascsececascosaceseceseccesseccavesssncuseceoscssccoscesanesacetsteosas 97 oy Fo R od ge se eS oe ee ee ee 99 Sel Page SEUD einari a a a T E i 99 SE Paint Preview erara eann ee oana ee a a a a OE a 99 Sie P 0 Ee ete ea en ee ee iO ee 100 9 19 Data SAVING cvis isi ea aa e a aa a aaa 101 SOT Sre Mme OaE a a a a ieacien 101 6 LAYER BY LAYER INTERPRETATION OF PROFILES scccseeeeeseeeeeeeeenees 102 6 1 Peculiarities of by layer interpretation MOE ccccescceesseeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeees 102 6 2 Creation of a profile with layers cc
118. ith extension GPR then in order to save the changes use the function Save as Section 5 19 5 9 6 Adjusting the trace position Option By trace position defines the position of traces in relation to the beginning of the profile and is located in the menu View Figure 5 9 14 PETE PN TT IT When the option is active tick mark is established in File Edit JEM Windows Options Processing soits Creating a profile image the actual position of a trace from the n as beginning of a profile is taken into account This position is i i Process tool usually stored in scanning B E y Status bar l shots stoct If the odometer was used then without reference to the ts anii amie mode of scanning in recording the next trace its position 1s saved p y a according to the odometer data If the odometer is out of work ee a then the position of traces is computed according to the preset a ae scanning step 7 Increase by 10 Ctrl Following import of data from GPS Section 5 13 it is Decrease by 10 Ctrl p E 7 i Adding Scale also necessary to activate the option By trace position to D Ww reer r bs eee distribute traces according to the receiver data When the option noted active no tick mark the traces Consider 2 coordin r ac 2 a r are located uniformly without regard to their position data sy r a s iene __iexe The program allows to change the trace position in a v Show pictures
119. ith the left mouse button Select a rectangular segment of the profile with a mouse to see the spectrum of the radarogram segment In order to do this select the mouse mode Spectrum item Spectrum from menu Options or the icon in the toolbar The profile segment is highlighted by moving the mouse cursor keeping hold of the left mouse button Without regard to the fact whether the spectrum of the selected area or of the entire profile is chosen the window is displayed on the computer screen shown in Figure 5 14 12 Ne of the open window Logarithmic scale stretch mak E geo0_channelixxx gpr 1 Border of filter GHz Steepness of filter A 14500 f2 22 000 C small middle large Las Print fj Bandwidth Filter discrimination Frequency choice viewfinder Bottom edge of the J filter High boundary of the filter a n N S00 0 763GHz 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 2000 64 000 28 000 GHz Pucynok 5 14 12 Cnektp npogdmis Besides the spectrum itself which occupies the main part of the window the following is also displayed in this window e Viewfindes fl amp f2 denote the upper and the lower Filter edges Their current positions are mapped in group Filter edges and their displacement is accomplished by keeping hold of the left mouse button When viewfinder f1 is located to the left of f2 the frequency filtering is accomplished in other cases it is the band eli
120. k Back if you want to review or change any settings Destination location C Program Files GeoScan32 Setup type SSE2 optimized GeoScan32 Selected components SSE2 optimized GeoScan32 Start Menu folder GeoScan32 Additional tasks Install Cancel Figure 2 3 8 Program setup data 11 Press Finish for exit Setup The program will start up automatically if you check Launch GeoScan option Figure 2 3 9 Completing the GeoScan32 Setup Wizard Setup has finished installing GeoScan32 on your computer The application may be launched by selecting the installed icons Click Finish to exit Setup Figure 2 3 9 Finishing installation 11 Header GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO IOJ1b30BaTeJIA 3 Beginning working with GeoScan32 3 1 The first start Double click the desktop icon GeoScan32 figure 3 1 1 a or run program from Start menu Figure 3 1 1 b a rr Geoscanse a geoscandz E Intel PROSet wireless B Uninstall GeoScar32 IZ Intervideo winyo Panasonic I Startup Ed Set Program Accass and neiaie f oe e Windows Catalog el Otloos Express G Windows Media Player Sy Windows Messenger EY widows Movie Maker Tt Windows Update Documents Settings F Seach a b Figure 3 1 1 Start the GeoScan32 program Main window figure 3 1 2 allows selecting the type of operation you are going to start Geoscan3 E 5 Ed AAC
121. l 38400 Scanning parameters Choose connection port Basic parameters Optional devises Se Mpls oneal Start work with Traces Amount bar code Horizontal Stack Epsilon 10 Connection speed Time Scale rz Choose order of File seres Number scanning Scroll speed 1 W On Figure 4 4 20 Settings adjustment of a bar code scanner operation Press the key OK in a window Scanning parameters after installation of all parameters of communication with the bar code recognition device Be sure that the device works for this purpose when in scanning mode try to read one of the bar codes printed on a marked mat If after reading is executed the label is set in the radarogram then the device operates properly In addition to a label after reading is completed a digital designation of a bar code can be found in a window Event log Figure 4 4 21 which is caused by the item choice Event log from the contextual menu 45 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA EventLog Figure 4 4 21 Bar code data report panel Before the beginning of carrying out of the areal scanning arrange a marked mat on an investigated surface Try to fix it motionlessly avoiding sharp breaks in the locations of bar codes The program allows to make scanning in various directions a horizontal or a vertical and in various sequence For this purpose 2 keys Figure 4 4 20 are located in a window Scanning
122. l amplitude for the first time will exceed the specified value e Antenna base mm distance between the centers of the receiving and transmitting units of the antenna unit It is filled in automatically in correspondence with the operated antenna unit Change is required only if the distance between the receiver and the transmitter changes 54 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJIA Section Profile descriptions the items Operator Object Description are text records giving details about scanning conditions A group of parameters Profile start position contains coordinates of the beginning of the first profile trace The parameter Linear sets initial path coordinate relative to the beginning of the first profile in a series Its application is especially useful at inspection of roads or other extended objects Such objects are scanned by a series of sequent profiles at which the beginning of the next profile coincides with the end of the previous profile Parameters X Y Z contain three dimensional coordinates relative to some external basic reference point Coordinates X and Y can be expressed both in metric and geographical coordinates degrees and minutes with decimal parts At usage of geographical units the option Deg is exposed For economy of a computer memory use an option Compress Profiles with installed option Compress usually occupy three four times less place rather than uncompressed file
123. l not be stored a Continuous saving mode is an exception Section 4 5 2 Fill scale Figure 4 3 3 allows to visually quantity traces left to ending record the full shading with blue color means reaching the maximum rating GeoScan3 GeoScan3 File View Options Special Mi i There are 1047856 Kbytes physical memory OD l a H Change log i 504120 Kbytes of physical memory are free T b Help Finder i There are 2097024 Kbytes of virtual memory 2031352 Kbytes of virtual memory are free Maximum profile length would 212000 traces System memory About GeosScan3 Figure 4 3 6 Definition of the maximum profile length 26 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJIA The minimum parameter value is 100 traces and its maximum depends on computer characteristics or is limited by value of 640000 traces It is possible to learn the maximum length of a profile for a computer on which the program is installed in a window Figure 4 3 6 which is entered by a command System memory from the menu Help Figure 4 3 6 of the main window of program GeoScan32 Figure 3 1 1 e Stacks In order to increase a signal to noise ratio a georadar performs hardware accumulation of measurement results in each point with subsequent smoothing 1 e a georadar collects several traces in a point of scanning and records one trace which is the result of smoothing This parameter value can be fixed within the range 1 100000
124. le processing areas Reduction of file panels processed in 3D module speeds up data visualization that is especially noticeable on slow computers If it 1s necessary to add one or several files to a file set you should choose the item Append in the menu Edit The file selection window will open The selected file or a group of files will be added to the end of a file set Program GeoScan32 makes it possible to arrange the chosen profiles on identical Equidistants or different Anydistants intervals from each other Corresponding items of the menu of Option are used for this purpose Figure 7 3 3 GeodScan3 7 3D ewg File Edit View Window elie Processing Help Dea H ale propertias TE LOOF S Profiles placements ow Equidistants A PROO 7 GPR Process parameters Fl FSMiFE P Anydistants so Figure 7 3 3 Interval selection On choosing the item Equidistants the program automatically sets distance on axis Y between profiles At installation of an option Anydistants the distance between profiles is set according to co ordinate Y preset for everyone profile This co ordinate is set in a profile heading profile property section 5 2 117 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N0JIb30BaTeJIA 7 4 3D visualization mode After selecting the file processing area with view finders click the Edit button on the toolbar and click the Build line with the left mouse button A
125. lor levels Black level a5 White level 336 Zero zone Tsise H ai ee SN Younger x Senior color x color g T Cancel Apply Figure 5 8 2 Hue Control of white and black levels in a window Area fill levels The parameter of the line Zero zone means that the signals having amplitudes on the module less than the set value will be displayed in a radarogram as signals with a zero amplitude The amplitude value can be set both by putting in a numerical parameter in a window of the line Zero zone and by moving symmetric viewfinders For moving them it is enough to put the mouse cursor at the required distance from a zero axis a vertical dark blue line in window Color levels and to click the left mouse button keeping a key Shift hold The zero zone will be selected as a shaded area 5 8 2 Brightness and contrast control Parameter Brightness allows shift the signal coloring closer to the white or black edge of a scale Parameter control can be performed in window Color levels Figure 5 8 1 or in the interpretation mode window in the visualization toolbar Figure 5 8 3 A slidebar or the numerical value input window is used for updating Parameter contrast changes the same way as brightness When contrast is updated by a contrast regulator black and white levels are assigned similar values If it becomes feasible to change these parameters independently then viewfind
126. menu item start up a mode of scanning Geoscan3 SEVE Options Spe D v Toolbar V Statusbar cial Tron seeking Figure 4 4 24 Activation of mode Iron seeking Before opening the scanning window the program will offer to choose one of the standard parameter sets Section 4 3 5 Figure 4 4 25 Application choice DrConcrete UpTo 400mm DryConerete Upto 600mm DryConerete Upto 800mm DryConerete Upto _1000m m Wetloncrete_UpTo_300rnm WetConcrete_UpTo_450rnom WetConcrete UoTo 600rnm lv Apply setting l Cancel Figure 4 4 25 Selection of parameter sets in mode Iron seeking On pressing the key Cancel the scanning window will take a standard shape Figure 4 2 2 After choosing the set and pressing the key OK the transition to the scanning window is performed in this case the view of the window itself does not change Figure 4 4 26 There is no possibility of choice or change of the parameters in a scanning window in mode Iron seeking The name of the used set is displayed in the upper part of the window Profile recording and saving in this mode is fully identical to the standard mode of scanning E EtherNet Ab 1 700 Caesar Ckopoctb Cease Mpo War Coxp E Haop DryConcrete_UpTo_800mm E 3 i D __f APY S Kon 4 s Figure 4 4 26 Scanning mode window Reinforcement search Oo z M 49
127. meters settings Figure 4 3 9 In order to open the window it is necessary to press the key Select odometer Figure 4 3 8 Odometer with Witton tess Ed Wireless DP32R wheeh Eos Sensor Type jalan DP 32 DP32R Automobile odometer odometer AB OP A amp B1700 DPA Spool GP 1700 i DPC 16 Railway odometer Odometer with l of thread Wheel diamet m Fai spool of threa eel diameter mm Wheel diameter Search Bluetooth Amount of impulses on a turm 32 E devices Amount of impulses on a turn of wheel Cancel Figure 4 3 9 Odometer selection window Six different odometers the parameters of which are indicated in windows Wheel diameter mm and Amount of impulses on a turn are provided for operation with GPR Normally these parameters are set automatically after pressing the key with the suitable name but there is also a possibility provided for self updating of these data in order to take into account the peculiarities of the location or the changes in the design of the odometer e g wheel replacement 29 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA DP AB1700 During operation with antenna units AB 1700 and AB 1200 with the built in odometer it is necessary to press the key DP AB1700 whereupon the odometer parameters will appear in the above mentioned windows diameter 5 mm amount of impulses 32 DP 32 At usage of odometer DP 32 with a standard wheel it is necessary to press the bu
128. minating filtering Spectral response characteristic of a profile is drawn in red in the spectral frequency line and in black in the field of rejection band elimination e Frequency viewfinder After being open it is usually set in the position of spectrum maximum It allows definition of frequency of spectral line in any of its place to displace the frequency viewfinder the slide box located immediately before it is used e Filter discrimination discrimination selection of transient response of a spectrum e Control keys LX Print Apply allow stretching of the spectrum printing it and fulfilling of filtering e The sequential number of the spectrum window is displayed in the window header besides the open file number i e it is possible to display several windows like that with spectrums of different parts of the profile or to compare the spectrum before and after 88 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 14 10 1 Example of operation of bandpass filter Intense low frequency interference masking the usable reflection is clearly seen in the radarogram Figure 5 14 13 In this case there is no need in analysis of spectral amplitude the radarogram is reflected in APY mode Section 5 8 3 There is a spectrum of the entire radarogram on the right on which the interfering signal is reflected in the image of a hump in the left part of the spectrum Viewfinders of filtering edges are set up in the
129. mode Bandwidth filter in such a way that only spectral region of a useful signal will be left after filtering application Figure 5 14 14 shows the radarogram after applying bandpass filtering It is obvious that masking effect of low frequency interference is excluded and the reflection from the desired metal pipes is well defined Wanted signal Giese ese catmes tie gpr Undesired signal ral KpyTH3Ha rnbTpa ooo C Manaa Cpeanaa Bonbwaa 65473018 UE LS 0 0 005rru 3 010 0 020 0 040 0 080 0 160 0 320 0 640 280 cc Figure 5 14 13 The image and profile spectrum before filtering le PolosFilterAfter gpr DER E PolosFilterAfter gpr 2 f alx Ppannup bunbtpa Mru KpyTH3Ha dbunbTpa f1 0 100 f2 0 300 C Manaa Cpeanaa Bonbwaa fix Print NpHMeHHT Nonoca nponyckaHHa f2 f1 0 005 0 008rru 0 020 0 040 0 080 0 160 0 320 0 640 280 Ty Figure 5 14 14 The image and profile spectrum after filtering 89 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 14 10 2 Example of applying band elimination filtering High amplitude interference of rereflection Figure 5 14 15 which are caused by the beat of the emitted signal between the antenna and the layer of wet clay completely mask the desired reflected signals in the radarogram In such way the processing method consists in defining the spectrum of interference rereflection and elimination of this area by means of applying the band elimination filtering
130. nnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnm 17 36 RETerence SySte Mcn a a a a dorian 18 A OGPR SCANNING rerai E OEE E OEI Ea EIERE 19 Al Mierlace WIM GOPR Peprpre ner enpreee eerie Bert peer eee Reer er pre eer Smee AE eee ere errr eee errr 19 AM PC network SCUINGS eanan len a a a ice bidinsenthea toad she 19 ANZ GeOSEANSZ Program SCUIN GS sb wolecw anise fonnaleneseindeelySouzdbis aa ara UE Tr EN arnie 21 4 2 Scanning mode Slat U Ds cccecsccccrecccorcbhacpeccthicouceeiasadethi lt ccuebeicseiecedeoulcoelceteshiccuiceues 22 4 3 Scanning mode WING OW vcvnsicsecccsieciccececctecechincecsshoonscectiscccseliececaskacetcectaceecueticcsczelac 23 Ae COMUOMKEYS sts in ets ee eee el a hic tinea a a ity 23 AD WAS Wald ZAUTOM SCC octets Sao a Sorat Sa we oases ales ows sie wtastnda E E AE RA 23 Adon CUPmentarace OSCIIO Sr alanis huictirineains itr tata a aaten eae N 24 Acids SCAMS PaM Saa e aie Aa 24 Ae Conexa Mke eee a N 32 4 4 Record of Georadar Profile sccceeccceeeeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeneaseeeeeeneneasseeeeeeeneas 34 4 4 1 Labeling in profile scannint sser a e a d aa i garei aies 35 44 2 Enter photo labelisand Video panel esercito e a ena iateee 38 Aso UDSA OER 39 BAe Motehanne MOG C sienasiadcvned casnsedensaaGtenatlalenaualacahebetnien N EN 40 HAD CGPS OPCEAliOln aa e a a AOA O O aa OTG 4 AAO WORK Wit Dar code eacee deo tecevereumen a eN 44 AAT Scannme imn mode Tron SECKING nisser i A E N 49 AD RTOS SAVIN ie aaa 50 a a P ile COMPECSSIO
131. oScan32 2 512 on your computer It is recommended that you close all other applications before continuing Click Next to continue or Cancel to exit Setup Figure 2 3 3 Master setting window 6 Read the license agreement Figure 2 3 4 choose J accept the agreement and click Next to continue installation If you decline the license the installation cannot proceed The whole text of the Licence agreement is given in the Appendix 1 License Agreement Please read the following important information before continuing Please read the following License Agreement You must accept the terms of this agreement before continuing with the installation License agreement IT IS IMPORTANT READ ATTENTIVELY This license agreement further agreement is the legal document concluded between you natural person or juridical person and Logical Systems ltd further LogiS concerning above w I do not accept the agreement Figure 2 3 4 Licence agreement 7 Select the folder for program installation and click Next for continue Default folder for installation is C Program Files GeoScan32 Figure 2 3 5 Select Destination Location Where should GeoScan32 be installed ar Setup will install GeoScan32 into the following folder To continue click Next If you would like to select a different folder click Browse WC Program Files GeoScan3z Browse Atleast 2 0
132. ofile Cancel Figure 3 4 3 A new document creation window Profile Files with a profile are the result of saving the radarogram from scanning mode full description of a scanning mode is given in Chapter 4 All files have the extension GPR2 GPR in all versions lower than 2 5 marked with an icon shown in Figure 3 4 4 Figure 3 4 4 The file icon with a profile Layers on a profile Files with layers appear after saving the changes in Layers on a profile mode a full description of the mode is given in Chapter 6 all of them having an extension LDT A file with layers always arises from GPR2 GPR file and is intimately connected with it i e it is necessary to move or copy both files otherwise LDT will be unreadable The icon identifying this file is shown in Figure 3 4 5 Figure 3 4 5 An icon of a file with layers 16 GeoScan32 PVKOBOJICTBO IIOJIB30BaATeJ1A 3D View The GPR set of files is packed arranged in a 3D picture This type of files has an extension PRD are marked with an icon shown in Figure 3 4 6 A full description of 3D visualization is given in Chapter 7 Figure 3 4 6 An icon of a 3D view file 3 5 Copy files from the Processing Unit GeoScan32 Program provides the possibility of contact with the processing unit for file copying In order to provide connection it is necessary to connect it to the computer the order of connection is described in Operational Manual for OKO 2
133. ohibited otherwise than explicitly mentioned in current license agreement to make the copies of the software and accompanying printed documentation Rejection of guarantee The user is charged with any using of software To a greater extent assumed by current legislation LogiS rejects to provide any explicit or implied guarantee including the program innocence or adaptability to concrete task Rejection of indirect damage liability To a greater extent assumed by current legislation LogiS rejects to account for any concrete case of incidental indirect or related damage including all kinds of loss negative profit loss of important information or any other damage as result of using or impossibility of using the software even if LogiS was warned about the possibility of such damage Limitation of responsibility sum Entire possible aggregate responsibility of LogiS in case of reparation of damages to user according to the agreement cannot be greater than sum equal to one ruble of Russian Federation 121 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Appendix 2 Signal of electromagnetic interference description The signal of electromagnetic interference is a signal that proceeds from the transmitter antenna to the receiver antenna using the shortest i e direct way almost without penetrating into the scanned area Fig 10 1 The amplitude of the signal of electromagnetic interference is normally higher than the amplitudes of reflected si
134. on characteristics of the scanned medium the aerial type and many other factors therefore several methods of altering the form of a gain curve are accessible in a window Gain profile e Choice of the standard form of a curve Linear or Exponential It is made by pressing of the buttons with the same name Pressing the button Linear draws a line from the left top corner corresponding to the multiplier of alignment which is equal to one to the right lower corner where the multiplier of alignment factor value will reach the maximum alignment value specified in parameter Gain factor Button Exponential similarly draws an exponential curve the deflection of which is regulated by parameter alfa e Free form of a curve If Paint Mode 1s activated Figure 5 8 5 the user has a possibility to draw a line in an arbitrary way moving the mouse cursor with the left button kept hold e The gain profile can be changed in an arbitrary way moving manually the elements of an alignment curve with a mouse Thus together with a curve point corresponding to the position of a mouse cursor the vicinity is pulled its extent being set by the Form Switch in percentage of the drawing window size Figure 5 8 5 The form of a pulled vicinity is defined by the Form Switch Figure 5 8 5 Wi Gain Profile Efex Modificated Width vicinity of the Control curve s i 1 AeA Curve Linear Phys T f Smoothing dar
135. on n Then just execute the actions which you wish to record After the first processing is executed toolbar New list created Figure 5 17 1 will be displayed on the screen New script created Delete Average Subtraction Ctrl Shift 5 Figure 5 17 1 Toolbar of the processing list record All further operations will be recorded in this toolbar In order to delete the undesired processing from the record list mark it and press Delete To go to the beginning of the list press Begin To save the list click again the icon 0 or select item Record script 97 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA In a saving window specify the name of a file Files of lists have the extension SCRIPT Chose the directory for saving It is desirable to choose a folder in which files of such kind are located usually it is folder C Program Files GeoScan32 List opening In order to open one of the created or available lists choose item Open script from menu Scripts or choose the necessary list from the drop down menu in the toolbar Figure 5 17 2 GeoScan3 2 PROO27 GPR2 Marin Mpaska Bua OKHa OnunH Ofpabotka Crack Nomoub D Ol a id Ba amp A x eaa alial g KAAN SDO DI processing 1_mutticolo_2 v a processing 4 74 fo P 746 processing 3 processing 2 Ef al PROO27 GPR2 processing 1_ multicolor 2 ke o 5 n 5 a o a 3s 4 as Sim o processing 1_multicolo_ lal processing 1_gray_color ts processing 1
136. on to the value change in a window Image Size there are more quicker ways such as e Increase the horizontal size of a profile at 10 Ctrl an icon A on the toolbar or item Increase by 10 e Decrease the horizontal size of a profile at 10 Ctrl an icon on the toolbar or an item Decrease by 10 There is an option in the GeoScan32 program that allows increasing or moderating the outlined area of a profile For its activation choose the item Enlarge or Condense then the cursor of the mouse will take a view of a cross Mark the profile to increase decrease it At increase the selected area will occupy the whole window but at decrease a triangle of a set size will be enough for the profile to be housed there with all proportions preserved 5 6 Measuring tools All the depth and distance scanning are made in the program GeoScan32 that is based on indications of vertical and horizontal scales Correctness of a horizontal scale distance scale depends on indications of the odometer during a profile scanning Therefore if parameters of the odometer have been set right and the calibration was made before the beginning of record the scale has true values The scale of depth can be changed depending on the set up epsilon value except that the correct calculation of objects location depth directly depends on zero position in depth scale i e on a correct binding of a null to an environment surface 5 6
137. ons and terms In case of termination the agreement validity you must destroy all software copies and components that you have Copyright All program proprietary rights and copyrights rights to keep accompanying printed materials and any copies of the program belong to LogiS and its suppliers Current agreement does not provide you any rights to access to the content part All rights which does not provided explicitly by the agreement are maintained by Logical Systems Itd Various program mediums The software can be provided on several kinds of mediums Irrespective of their kind and capacity you have a right to use only one kind of medium corresponding to exactly your computer or net server It is not permitted to execute the installation or to use the software on others computers from additional copies presented on other mediums It is prohibited to provide additional copies to temporary use or to transfer them to other persons except the case of full transferring the software as mentioned above Back up copy After the installation one copy of software the license of its use is provided current license agreement it is permitted to save the original mediums where LogiS provided you the software exclusively for the purpose of saving the back up copy If for using the software there are required original mediums on the computer it 1s permitted to make one copy of software exclusively for the purpose of backup copying or archiving It is pr
138. ontrol and a mode Gain In the activated mode AGC the button is pressed there is an alignment of amplitudes so that in the set window the maximum amplitude of a signal was approximately identical The size of an alignment window changes in a window Scanning parameters Figure 4 3 5 section 4 3 4 2 In the activated mode Gain program use user s gain profile and gain factor Begin a window indicates a coordinate of the profile beginning in millimeters The entered value is recorded into a file as a coordinate of the first trace and next traces are assigned a value with taking into account the initial coordinate The function works only when the key Begin is held If the key is not activated the profile begins from zero no matter what value is specified in a window Distance the data of the passed distance in meters is mapped in a window if the odometer is operated on File a window displays the serial number of a recorded file The value is nulled at the exit from a scanning mode Stacks this window completely duplicates the same parameter in Scanning parameters dialog The full description is given in Chapter 4 3 4 2 Speed The upper line maximum speed and the bottom line actual speed of the operator with a georadar moving if the operation is executed with odometer The maximum speed depends on the interval between traces see Section 4 3 4 2 and stacks 25
139. ord or the key R for the beginning of a record Then as a result the scanning window will acquire the view as shown in Figure 4 4 1 1 e the key Record and Param becomes inactive Near the oscillogram of a current trace appears a fill scale instead of a window Roughly appears a window Trace in which the quantity of the accepted traces is calculated E EtherNet Ab 1700 Gain Begin Distance File Stacks Speed a 1 a 0 0 0 0 a a 24 24km F m 4 2 4 i 4 toe Trace counter Figure 4 4 1 A scanning window during a profile record Control the fill scale in the process of profile record in order to avoid loss of data When the scale is filled 1 e the set value in the parameter Traces amount is achieved profile record will Stop In accordance with the selected scanning mode start moving the antenna unit over the surveyed area each mode has its specific features of motion So in a mode Continuous try to slide with identical velocity without jerks so that there were no sites of compression and expansion on a profile It 1s possible to inhibit rate of profile filling by means of increasing the stack value If a profile record is accomplished in this mode with the on line odometer despite of irregularity of movement traces are placed in correspondence with their true position on a profile for this purpose it is necessary to include a mode By trace position which is described in the section 5 9 6 34
140. parameter is applied when the mode of Automatic Gain Control AGC is active Scanning mode Before the beginning of scanning it is necessary to select the scanning mode There are three scanning modes provided by program GeoScan32 for data reception and storage Figure 4 3 8 which can be used in different situations e Step by step during this mode operation the data are stored in the points marked by an operator i e each new trace is stored on pressing Step key Figure 4 3 1 in addition the antenna unit shall be in a static position during trace record Normally this mode is used while scanning a profile with a big stacks when each trace processing takes a long time 28 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA e Continuous During operation in this mode the data are stored continuosly Data memory rate depends on Stacks As a rule the continuous mode is used when the operation with a odometer is impossible but sometimes the data record is accomplished in a continuous mode with the attached odometer in this case the data of the covered distance is stored and its setup is accomplished in profile processing Scanning mode C Step by step f Continuous f On migration Interval between traces mm 100 Reverse odd files Select odometer Figure 4 3 8 Scanning mode selection e On migration operation is performed with a odometer the parameters of which are prescribed in the window Odo
141. parameters regarding bar code options These keys form the following combinations Vertical Horizontal 1 At first there is a scanning along a vertical then the program passes to scanning across along a horizontal Vertical Ze At first scanning across is carried out then the program passes to scanning in a vertical Honzontal gt scanning Vertical Sa 4 Scanning is carried out only on a vertical then the program finishes scanning Scanning is carried out only on a horizontal then the program finishes The top key shows in what direction scanning will initially be carried out and the bottom key shows whether scanning will be continued or not and in what direction In order to change the value of the key it is enough to click it with left mouse button 46 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA At correct adjustment of the bar code recognition device in the basic window of scanning the Key becomes active Figure 4 4 22 MH EtherNet AB 1700 B Shift Rough Scale Gain Begin Distance File Stacks Speed T za fee Si saj al ti lh 4 0 00krn h Video Ee on _ Gain _ ___ Cont 2 4 4 22 Areal scanning activation key position After pressing this button the program offers to select a folder for saving a series of files saving Section 4 5 and then vertical Figure 4 4 23 or horizontal Figure 4 4 24
142. perties Jo xf 32 1266 0000 0 pp 77 Trace position from the beginning of a profile in meters Sequential Ne of a current trace Sequential Ne of a current trace The selected point in a profile Slidebar of control of a i vertical and horizontal Trace Wi viewfinder lines oscillogram Ninf L i 5 sarod Figure 5 9 1 Toolbar Viewfinder In this window you can observes of any signal included in a profile and define its amplitude in any point To choose a trace for viewing it 1s enough to click any place in a profile with the left mouse button when window Viewfinder is open After which a marker consisting of a vertical and a horizontal lines appears in a clicked position over the profile image and the window displays an oscillogram of a selected trace The parameters of the selected trace are shown in the same window above the oscillogram Two upper values show the coordinate of a cross of a horisontal and a vertical viewfinder in a profile the left value means a trace position from the beginning of a profile in meters the right one stands for the time or depth scale values in the selected readout for transition from time to depth and vice versa click twice the oscillograms display area Information about the order number of a trace the selected readout in this trace and the signal amplitude value at this readout is given in the string below Figure 5 9 1 YouChoose A trac
143. port Operating system Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 2003 Windows Vista GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BATEJIS 2 3 Installation The CD that came with the GPR package contains the documentation and program GeoScan32 that you need install A full disk description is given in the Appendix 4 1 Program setup order Place the CD to the optical drive The CD automatically displays the setup menu if Autorun is enabled in your computer If Autorun is NOT enabled in your computer browse the contents of the CD to locate the file Logis exe from the BIN folder Double click the Logis exe to run H Logical Systems 140401 Moscow region Ramenscoe city 100th Svirskoi Divizii st 11 tel fax 495 221 75 59 495 221 75 58 495 221 75 49 E mail info logsys ru Web www logsys ru The menu shows the technical description for GPR and program GeoScan 32 for Windows XP and Windows Vista Click Setup GeoScan32 for Windows Vista XP for install the program Figure 2 3 1 Disk menu 4 Select the required language in the open window and press OK Figure 2 3 2 Ebibe pHTe AsbIK YCTAHOBKH BRISepHTe ASHIK KOTOpbI 44ET HCNONbZ0EAH B MPOLECCE YCTSHOBKH ok Ormena Figure 2 3 2 Language selection GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeIA 5 Inthe next window press Next to continue Figure 2 3 3 Welcome to the GeoScan32 Setup Wizard This will install Ge
144. processing MS geo0_channell xxx gpr Seles Trace Window Edit 0 00 m 0 00n Properties 0 o s518 o fFe Chosen area of a signal Figure 5 14 21 Reference signal choice The choice straight itself is made with the help of a vertical and a horizontal slider boxes The toolbar of inverse filtering will appear on the screen after pressing the key OK which is identical to the toolbar of bandwidth filter section 5 14 10 The exception is the parameter of inverse filtering deconvolution and the key reverse Figure 5 14 22 MS pe00 channellxxx epr 4 Border of filter GHz Sheepness of filter H 4 000 fe 42 000 C mal middle C lange Bandwidth f2 Perform reverse filtering To full fill the reverse filtrating 0 02 0 854 Tu 31 Figure 5 14 22 Reverse filtering dialog 93 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO 110J1b30BaTeJIA In the filtering dialog install Viewfinders fl u f2 so that the whole signal entered the transmitting band like something in Figure 5 14 22 and set up the filter parameters When the parameter of the inverse filtering is close 0 9 inverse filtering is performed and at the value 0 1 is matched filtering signal detection filtering which in contrast to the inverse one impairs the resolution capability but it allows increase of signal to noise ratio The key Back will allow performance of the reverse filtering with the given parameters 5 14 13 Smooth If the imag
145. program Autocad Only the tools that were not mentioned earlier will be described in this chapter of the Manual The program GeoScan32 window in mode of layer by layer interpretation is shown in the Figure 6 1 1 J GeoScan3 PROOZT7 Idt Sele D ASHABA N aA a alli EESK ANa3 7T 3 S ao km opo Mm n Fo M B _ PROO27 GPR SEE PROO2 ldt u mn o M p Ty bg 7 Tml iL r apl E s 300 17 75m 2 36 0 00m L 1 Figure 6 1 1 Window program in mode of layer by layer interpretation 102 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 6 2 Creation of a profile with layers To create a profile with layers set up the program GeoScan32 and select the item New Document in the menu File Thereafter the window Create will display in the screen other variants of calling the window Create are described in Chapter 3 4 2 where you can select the view of the created file Figure 6 2 1 In case of the file with layers we select Profile layers and press OK Select and open file GPR2 GPR in the displayed dialogue window The program will open the window with the header File name ldt The profile with the layers is created It is also possible to create a profile by choosing the item Layers in the menu File when GPR file is already open in the program GeoScan32 Create Cancel Figure 6 2 1 Choose the type of the create
146. r creation of new labels in modes of scanning such as On migration and Continuous the key Step is used in a scan window the key Space M or Insert are in the keyboard For labeling in mode Step by step only the key M is used in the keyboard Radarogram labels look like vertical red lines Figure 4 4 3 Normally labeling is needed to underline some abnormality Labels are usually numbered sequentially ascending from the first 35 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIHA E EtherNet AB 1700 Shift Trace __Begin __Begin Distani EG ia 24 24km t F4 aie ie ar ai J F Ea E KEN ont Figure 4 4 3 Label representation in a scan window 4 4 1 2 Labels with names If it is required to assign label names in the process of scanning the program provides such a possibility For this purpose the text editor for e g Notepad is created with extension txt in which digits and label names are indicated in tabulated form 1 pipe 2 cable 3 house 4 pit The figures in this table can change from 0 to 9 since numerical keys 0 through 9 are used in scanning mode After creating a text file with a table during a scanning mode double click the radarogram Press the key Open in the opened window Labels set Figure 4 4 4 and select the previously created file The content of this file will display in the window Label set After pressing the key OK the given set i
147. rd or left click the icon in the toolbar Figure 5 8 3 W Gain Profile E f x Auto Shape of gain profile Maximum gain factor Inversion phase of signal Linear Phys a Exponential S db rr 10 alfa 10 a y Figure 5 8 4 Panel Gain change If opened this panel is automatically set up so that the vertical size of an alignment curve is equal to the height of the profile image The parameter Gain factor defines the maximum gain factor applied to a profile The grey rectangle occupying a body of a window is used for the image and change of a gain profile The gain curve drawn in red color represents a number of gain factors 67 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA in the quantity equal to a quantity of profile readouts The value of gain factors increases from left to right up to the value Factor which is set in a window The trace of a georadar profile consists of a column of readouts For signal alignment the readout of each trace is multiplied by the relevant gain factor according to a serial trace number Usually the signal level on a trace drops with depth growth so an increasing sequence of gain factors is used for indemnification of this attenuation of the signal The sequence of their products will possess a smaller dynamic range than an original georadar signal and consequently it can be preferable to visualization performed by program GeoScan32 The optimum form of an alignment line depends
148. red to be fixed and choose the contextual menu item Fix layer After that the chosen layer point will be marked by a red cross icon and a digital notation Figure 6 6 3 In order to unfix the point select the item Unfix layer of the contextual menu by preliminarily calling it with a right click under the fixed point Change the layer line In order to change the layer line fix two points of a layer In order to change the line between the two points put the mouse cursor on it and put the cursor aside by a left click in this case the line will be dragged following the cursor Figure 6 6 3 ay A gt ih ied a LAL Ai Figure 6 6 3 Movement of a layer border part 108 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJb30BATeJIA Connecting two fixed points Fix two points of one layer or different layers Choose the item Connect in the menu Layers Two clampers will be connected with each other by a straight line Figure 6 6 4 Figure 6 6 4 Connecting the clamps with a straight line Alignment of the selected boundaries Select the layer that should be aligned Right click below its boundary and choose the item Straight layer in the displayed contextual menu The marked boundary will be displayed as the horizontal line all the other aer and the profile itself will change too Figure 6 6 5 6 6 6 gente ie ae a Ar neta AAS oe ee Kc ae f e a be A ee N ae auau A aia WPA a
149. rent position of the aerial to the centre of a co ordinate grid GPS data saving is possible only in recording georadar profiles About the fact that the data is saved the tick against a word Save informs Program GeoScan32 keeps the information received from receiver GPS in a separate file with expansion log The file name coincides with a name of a corresponding profile Records in this file are made in a text format and contain both the information on the changing position of the aerial and time labels 4 4 6 Work with a bar code 4 4 6 1 General information In program GeoScan32 the mode of an automatic recording of profiles on a signal from the bar code scanner is provided For work the antenna block AB 1700 or AB 1200 and the device of bar codes reading which is connected to USB port of the notebook computer is used and fastened to the antenna unit the external view and the device itself are described in the Operational Manual on the Georadar OKO 2 Bar codes are put on a marking mat Figure 4 4 18 along a vertical and a horizontal through each 5 cm The used coding is Code 39 Bar code Figure 4 4 18 A marking mat with bar codes 44 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Each barcode Figure 4 4 19 has its digital notation e The first digit denotes a line direction figure a vertical figure 2 a horizontal e The second one denotes passage number from 1 to 21 e The third figure denotes the be
150. s However such mode of saving increases the time spent on opening and saving a profile especially on light duty computers To save the changes made close the window Profile properties pressing the key OK and having returned to the basic window of program GeoScan32 save a file by the corresponding key 5 3 Control of windows with profiles The menu Windows The program GeoScan32 allows operate simultaneously with any quantity of profiles A separate window is for each profile Document windows cannot fall outside the limits of the main program window If the sizes of a profile exceeds the dimensions of a window a profile scroll bar is used for scrolling along the lower and right part of a window It is possible to relocate close compress and decompress profile windows as well as the main window of the program GeoScan32 All these operations are the same as in Windows Explorer by the icons in the right part of the header of a document window system menu and mouse are drag and drop It is possible to arrange the already open profile windows using the menu Window horizontally vertically as a cascade as tiles examples of windows arrangement of are shown in Figure 5 2 1 Except that the item New window allows open a new window containing the same profile that is already open The item in the menu Split allows to split one window into four parts and to display different parts of one and the same profile in e
151. s prediction and spiking The task of prediction deconvolution procedure is solved in a time domain on the basis of an autocorrelation function by Toeplitz matrix decision The result of Toeplitz matrix decision is prediction error filter convolution with which allows calculating the result of deconvolution procedure The task of maximum deconvolution is solved in frequency area when the basic processing is effected above the signals spectrum and the result of deconvolution is calculated by means of an inverse Fourier transformation The window Deconvolution Figure 5 14 25 is accessible after a choice of a line Deconvolution Options from menu Option or click an icon of in the toolbar of processing with left mouse button Deconvolution Deconvolution type Prediction Spiking Prediction lag Filter length Figure 5 14 25 Deconvolution procedure 95 GeoScan32 PYVKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA This window offers an opportunity to change the parameters of prediction deconvolution the spiking one has no customized presets Here by means of keys Predictiion and Spiking you can choose what deconvolution will be applied to a profile after pressing Apply It is also possible to apply Spiking deconvolution selecting item Deconvolution from MeHIO Processing by clicking an icon in the processing toolbar with the left mouse button or by pressing key combination Ctrl Shift D in the ke
152. s and contrast COMM Ol erisera ea a a eR 66 283 GUN CONTO leeris aa a a E T AT 67 5 9 Work with traceS esssennnnonnnnunnnnnunnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnmnnnnnnnnnn mnnn 70 5 9 1 The oscillogram of the trace Trace window dialog nssenssenssensserssersserssersserssees 70 592 Trace Cdlins Promle CroppiiS cs cripscaressscstaseowasieumareiescnesniaeciacdiesereasioseiaetdeieraniosmaitiea T2 3 9 54 Compaiono Promle addin eeen eu aet ices eieis etude eee es eG 73 59 4 Selection OF visiDle Prole ACES acnccssborricrb beens soeicusecrbbbens eT A 73 5 9 5 Labels on a profile Photo labels sicvssscesrsecsuesanseaveeseacsyesansaaveed neces yesausaadertuacdysseusevecauecayes 73 5 9 6 Adjusting the trace position ssseesseesserssersseesseesseesssrssscssscosscessersscesserssersseessersserssees IT 5 10 Change ofa Prole rel fossncoscononianonan aaa 78 5 11 Splitting of a multichannel profile ccccseseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeesesensesenseseaeeseasenes 79 5 12 FUE CX DOM oein a aa aa aaa 80 Beis FUE IMPON saaa a e a a aa 80 5 14 Data DIOCESSIN O riroriro a aa a aaia ARa aaao E RREA NEN 82 SIA Average SUS TEAC ION penae a ties E E aatoweicueesuneeniads 82 SZ Medam tbe rim amp eana a a a a aaah nelson 83 JAA HOrsontal MeGian Ter erisera a E a E T O 84 Idda Trend deleno aeo a beta sucha atetaa ee sactdanetens 84 S kos POMC CESIUM c a a a aatoa aaa dsateuta ai Sseutadichewetaas 84 JLAG nyers Ore CEO I a
153. s applied In order to set such a label within the scanning time as it was already said before it is necessary to press any numerical key in the computer keyboarder after which the preset label will be assigned a proper value The name pipe will be assigned to the label after pressing 1 on pressing 2 there will be 2 cable and so on Different labels are painted in different colors but color and name labels are displayed only in processing mode Figure 4 4 4 Window Labels set Labels are displayed in a scanning window as usual as red vertical lines In addition to labels from the set the original ones can be put in the process of recording 36 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 4 1 3 Labels in Continuous saving Program GeoScan32 stipulates the possibility to store profile series following each other without interruptions For this purpose is the mode Continuous saving which is described in details in Chapter 4 5 2 This mode assumes the continuous numbering of labels when the label number does not depend on the quantity of the recorded files i e when a new file recording starts label numbering does not begin from 1 but from the value n 1 where n is a number of the last label of the previous file For activation of label numbering in a scanning window in mode of scanning it is necessary to include first Continuous saving Chapter 4 5 2 second press the key Label which displays in
154. s panel will display Figure 4 1 2 _4_ Local Area Connection Properties l 241 x General Authentication Advanced Connect using 8 Realtek ATL8139 810x Family Fast This connection uses the following tems Client for Mictosoft Networks v File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks V E QoS Packet Scheduler Mi Internet Protocol TCPAF Install manista Properties M Description 7 Figure 4 1 2 The Ethernet network adapter properties panel 19 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Press the Configure key in the open properties panel Figure 4 1 2 Select the Advanced panel in the dialog Figure 4 1 3 In the item Property select the Link Speed duplex mode and set Auto negotiation in the Value item Realtek RTL8139 810 Family Fast Ethernet NIC Pro yerties ajaj Sensa Aavarced bive i Resources Power Management The following properties ate available for this network adapter Click the property you want to change on the left and then select its value on the right Property Ak aiai mi Link Speed Duplex Mode Optimal Performance Receive Buffer Size WakeUp on SRP PING WakeUp on Link Change WakeUp using APM Mode Figure 4 1 3 Optional properties of the Ethernet network adapter Close the network adapter properties panel by pressing the OK key 4 1 1 3 Network bridge configuration check When there is a device 1
155. scceeeeeeeeeceeeeenseenseceeeeeneeonseoeeeseneeonees 103 6 3 File peculiarities in mode of layer by layer interpretation ccssecseseeseeee 103 6 4 Drawing layers ON a Profile cccceesceeseeseeeeeseeeneeeeseeeseeeaeeenseoeaeeeaeeoseeoeseneaeeonees 104 Ole SANGO ra Wiis Ol 1Ay 61S cee a a ites 104 6 4 2 Semi automatic drawing layers cccccceccccssscceseccceeseceeececeesceasceseeseceseeeeeseeenseseeseens 105 Ody MBAVEI DODEN S aranana a a ncceacaeaceticeaseceescce 106 6067 avere dtig osia e a 107 OOl Eayn Se ECO ee a uct aate ana eats 107 OGZ DeL S a a a a a aceeien 108 O16 E a aaa a E O R 108 6 6 4 Dragging a zero ofa depth scale vicisscccesstncedecsusessetesacedecauacssadaencedecaieessedeuacedersdeaneaseeeees 110 6 6 5 Trace window on the profile with the layers cccccceccccescccseeecceeeeceeeeeeeneeeenseeseseees 110 6 7 Export of a stratified ldt file 0 naannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 111 6 7 1 Exp rtto the A tocad dxf format asireiortocioiraiairnnr e a a 111 Os ESPO TO M a a a cae cosh ctu ee nae a ee ae ses R 113 Oxo exon Ol alex rie vip MNCS nasa ctu far acetone ee tele eee ees eae 114 7 3D VISUALIZATION MODULE OF GEOSCAN32 PROGRAM cccccsssseeeeneeeeees 115 Tele M d l GESCIIDUOM ixics iceceuccssewenescetnencseceuactuecerecctececercacsiwecesdetneuescseuevweseuaetedceseuse 115 7 2 Module opening Files selection ccscee
156. shen A ENAA ee ah iP Oey PN Yt a xm vo oon RTRs wr w EUN aans naa nyja meen ra ai D mi ween Spawn Sa Ones g h VAN A Kaan we A i CANY N aM tila xladsvt F f nn Nid MA ANA si i wn hy mii IANT N ih en HA Ny MY N VAYAN Aiha An wilh NN we iN j W f Se ah yt VANA wer ll vi fii Ny Wall wf it Me AN by WNN AL p n j Ni AA Mw aA N We in N i N KAN WA AN AW AN 7 h 3 12 EJ 4 N W Figure 5 18 2 Program GeoScan32 in mode of printout previewing 99 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA The buttons at the top of the window allow scan of all document pages Next Page Prev Page zoom in or zoom out of a displayed image Zoom In Zoom Out display of two pages at once for previewing Iwo Page printout of the document Print and exit out of a preliminary scanning mode Close 9 18 3 Print Program GeoScan32 provides fast printout of the scanned profile image together with the forwarding information which is in the upper part of the page and contains the profile data date parameters description and so on To print out the radarogram select item Print from menu File press key combination Ctrl P in the keyboard or click an icon in the toolbar with the left mouse button After that set up the necessary parameters of the printer and a range of printing in the open window All these settings can be changed depending on the version of the operating system and printer
157. sseeesseceseeeesseeenseeeneeeenseeeneeeeasenenees 115 7 3 Operation with an open file set nnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn mnnn 116 7 4 3D visualization MOde saasnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 118 Appendix 1 License agreement cccssceescsesseesseenseeeseeesseoeeeeenseonseoeneeeaseonseoenseeasensees 120 Appendix 2 Signal of electromagnetic interference GeSCIription ccsscceeseeeeee 122 Appendix 3 File date of GeoScan32 program format F4 cccesseeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 123 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO I10JIb30BaTeJ1A GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 2 Preparation of program run 2 1 Program purpose GeoScan32 Program is designated for control of the ground penetration radar GPR as well as for further processing and visualization of the data obtained in process of scanning Program allows to record data from the GPR into a file to print the radarogram to export files to other processing programs to process by layers to represent data in 3D format to apply color palette for design to process files and etc 2 2 System requirements Computer Pentium CPU running at 1000 megahertz or better RAM minimum 256MByte Recommend is 2GB Videocard minimum 32 MB of video memory Free hard disk space to store data 2 GB free space on a disk for each hour of operation is recommended Ports Ethernet
158. stance during the profile record and to the right of a profile is drawn the depths scale which shows the depth of scanning in meters He 6 I abt WO ba mn bd Lay t La aa co A e en a a e e s i i l i l aL i a P Van 2 Ona Ne ee eee Distance Ale _ scale 100m Depths scale oe 1 Ont 0 50n 0 0m 070m Figure 5 3 2 Profile view in the program GeoScan32 The profile can be also presented by set of oscillograms Figure 5 3 3 For this purpose choose the item Graphic draw in the menu View 57 GeoScan32 PyKOBOJCTBO HOJb30BaTeIH He E E lt j o oO bS nt 3 F 5 7 z a a 2s 5 ise e Fi E RUE o 5 ie hS VIS SSi SSS IIIGH EER airitstitis R nEET BERBBEBSEELOOSSERESSSORESIOE RUES ir EES i SSjj HI 53555 a TURES SESE Siege degli rde eset cert ia as AISLES a reererceceeteaces SIULLITSHRACLEStIE ee iia a E aie ES j Cer HEBD est E ageeg is beep hin a slvet lest a PROE on Sothteee beepers rdrepe teary rege Pt Chee RAGHA FARAH ENERO TERE 1 a Figure 5 3 3 One and the same profile in different modes of delineation gray scale image 6 and graphic chart delineation image a If a radarogram is recorded by a bore hole georadar it is possible to display it in a way of a circle Figure 5 3 4 It is necessary to install the option Circle in menu View to switch this mode ON 90 100 230 130 220 210 200 190 180 170
159. t for interpretation however 1f to allocate readouts of each channel in separate files data interpretation can be performed in the traditional way For such division of the information the option Split file from the menu Option After opening of a multichannel profile and application of this option additional files are formed which are stored in the same place where the initial file is located Thus the figures corresponding to the channel number are added to their names For example the Three channel file POOO_OOOI gpr2 After it had been split 3 files appeared POOOO_O001_11 gpr2 POOOO_0001_22 gpr2 POOOO_O001_33 gpr2 The sizes of these files can differ according to the quantity of lines of each channel in a multichannel profile 79 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 5 12 File export Alongside with preservation of all data set there is a possibility to export a part of these data to the files of another format different from GPR2 GPR Export is accomplished by selection of a the corresponding items from menu File Export SEGY Data export in the format SEGY into files with extention SEG or SGY Execution Item Export SEGY from menu File Export CSV Provides data export in the form of a text table into files with the extension CSV The first digit of each string defines the position of a trace with reference to the beginning of the profile in mm The rest part of the string represents the georadar d
160. the form of a peak view We adjust filters with the help of viewfinders f1 u f2 so that maximum artifact level will occur in the sphere of filter action Figure 5 14 18 It is not recommended to cut a wider part of the spectrum because of the danger to delete a part of the desired signal MB geo0_channellxxx gpr 2 Border of filter 1 m __Steepness of filter Bandwidth lt 4 0 6111jm M Figure 5 14 18 Profile before the horizontal filtering 91 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO N10JIb30BaTeIA Border of filter 14m Steepness of filter ft 0 122 f2 0 562 C small midde large Lx Print Bandwidth 4 0 6021 jm th 50 65 65479018 Figure 5 14 18 Profile after the horizontal filtering The second case of the horizontal filter application is to delete the signals from the extended objects to indicate the local ones The initial radarogram where the local objects are hidden under extended reflections is shown in Figure 5 14 19 He D 5 10 15 20 25 M Bn OTN 0 20 MB pe00 channellxxx gpr 2 Border of filter 14m Steepness of filter fl 0 122 f2 0 562 C small middle C large Lx Print Bandwidth f2 an co 0 0101 m 20 0 039 0 078 U156 0 313 0625 1 250 2 500 m 12 I 65473018 Figure 5 14 19 Radarogram before horizontal filtering The view of the radarogram after application of the horizontal filtering is shown in Figure 5 14 20
161. the hyperbolic reflection e At scanning the areas with greater attenuation frequently it is not visible the straightened parts of reflection half hyperbola and there is a probability of an error in definition of dielectric permittivity e Jt is necessary to keep in phase operation in marking the reference points of measuring hyperbola 5 6 2 Wave velocity measurement Inclination There is an option nclination in the program GeoScan32 to measure propagation velocity of an electromagnetic wave in the environment Select the item Inclination in menu Options for its activation Figure 5 6 4 or press the icon N on the toolbar This tool can be used 1f there is only one half hyperbola on the profile H GeoScan3 PR0027 GPR File Edit view Windows esie Processing Scripts Help D gt Gl Gl amp Antenne Settings File properties Ctrl H ut fo Change Colours Ctrl I a PROO27 GPR TEF Deconvolution options Process parameters Ctrl Shift P Figure 5 6 4 Tool function Inclination To measure the velocity it is necessary to point the cursor to a top of a slanting line to press the left mouse button keeping it hold and shift it to the bottom of the slanting line There will be a value of electromagnetic wave velocity in the given environment in the left part of the screen Figure 5 6 5 E A Pe 4 Haze BR Result of velocity amp calculated Y 26 1cm Hc Figure 5
162. the program in a folder C Program Files GeoScan32 To apply a standard grey palette to a profile press button Grey Besides a choice of the color scheme the values of parameters White level and Black level also influence the profile coloring These values can be established as input of numerical parameters and by moving corresponding viewfinders The black level corresponds to a viewfinder in a green color which moves by right click of the mouse over the right part of a radarogram amplitude display area The white level corresponds to a viewfinder in red color which is moved by the clicking the left part of a radarogram amplitude display area with the left mouse button Values of the white and black levels change from 0 to 1000 65 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Change of values influence the radarogram coloring in the following way e All signals exceeding the black level i e all those which are to the right of a green viewfinder during drawing are painted in the senior color i e the color of the rightmost rectangle drawing 5 8 2 it is a black color by default e All signals exceeding the white level during drawing it is all those that are to the left of a red viewfinder are painted in a younger color 1 e in color of the leftmost rectangle it 1s a white color by default e All the other signals which are between red and green viewfinders are painted according to the chosen color scheme E Co
163. the top part of the scanning window after switching on the mode of Continuous saving Figure 4 4 5 Distance File Stacks Figure 4 4 5 Position of the key Label in a scanning window After pressing this key there will display a window where an order number of a label in a series of the recorded file is displayed Open Video Figure 4 4 6 Label meter under the key 37 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 4 2 Enter photo labels and Video panel In addition to the common labels program GeoScan32 provides an opportunity to enter photo labels which are different from the original labels in the fact that they are accompanied by a photo First it is necessary to connect video camera to the USB computer port and to install a proper driver The connection order of a camera to PC and driver installation are usually described in the documentation for a video camera Upon connection it is necessary to start up a scanning mode and to open the panel Video Figure 4 4 7 by pressing the key of the same name in a scanning window Figure 4 4 6 Change of Mf Video photos TP IS parameters Key of saving photos into a file Indicator of availability of connection with a camera Figure 4 4 7 Video panel It is the video panel that allows to accomplish photo labeling After its opening the connection with a camera is installed automatically that is conforme
164. tion Ctrl Shift K in the keyboard or click the icon in the toolbar of processing with the left mouse button 5 14 15 Spectrum field Spectrum field for application of which it is necessary to choose the item of the same name from menu Processing to press key combination Ctrl Shift E or press the icon in the processing toolbar with the left mouse button changes sharply the external view of the georadar profile Instead of the standard profile image the result of the fast Fourier transformation FFT is visualized for each trace The upper part of the image corresponds to amplitude spectrum The lower part is a phase spectrum corresponding to amplitude spectrum A phase angle mirrored in the spectrum field is within the range from 7 to m radian However in order to improve visualization aftermultiplication by coefficient of 10000 is used at a display of the phase Thus as a rule we can observe cyclic changes of the curve from 100007 to 100007 in the phase part of the spectrum field which corresponds to the traditional rotation of the phase The spectra can be normalized or not depending on option Normalization of spectrum in the field in toolbar Processing parameters Figure 5 14 23 5 14 16 Deconvolution Processing Deconvolution is intended for resolution enhancement of the antenna unit by depth in processing the georadar profile Program GeoScan32 presents deconvolution procedure issued in two varietie
165. tton DP 32 then the parameters will change diameter 22 mm amount of impulses 32 Spool GP In case of work with a odometer Spool GP odometer with a spool of thread press the button Spool GP Odometer parameters diameter 16 amount of impulses 10 e Interval between traces Data in mode On migration are stored in equally spaced position points in the specified distance The distance between two points is specified in the line Interval between traces Figure 4 3 8 The recommended step values for different antenna types are given in Table 4 3 1 e Calibrate In case of work with a odometer it is feasible to perform calibration before scanning See Section 4 3 5 in details e Reverse odd files can be used in carrying out areal survey for the subsequent three dimensional visualization when it is important to arrange scanning points in the nodes of a regular rectangular mesh It is for areal scanning that yet another option called revers odd files Figure 4 3 9 is stipulated Placement of a tick assumes pitch reversing of even files Usage of this function is justified during record of parallel profiles as an Indian file when the end of the previous profile is in range with the beginning of the subsequent one Scanning mode selection can be performed immediately in a scanning window For this purpose it is necessary to press the button which is outlined by a red oval keyboard
166. up to the size 512 bit Colors array DWORD ColorArray32 COLOR_ARRAY_LENGTH const COLOR _ARRAY LENGTH 256 Equalisation factor array float MArray NSamples Nsamples is recorded in the file header Array trace Trace header 1 CF4Profile tF4TraceHeader Trace data 1 float Trace Nsamples Nsamples is recorded in the file header Trace header NTraces CF4Profile tF4TraceHeader Trace header NTraces float Trace Nsamples Nsamples and NTraces are recorded in the file header Marks text array CF4Profile tF4LabelText LabelTexts NTextLabels NtextLabels are recorded in the file header 123 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA File header File header contairners the data the size is up to 512 bit It is possible to add additional files to the file header and save the size at 512 bit The data of each trace have the headers that are given below const F4_ TEXT_STRING_SIZE 40 pragma pack 4 typedef struct _tF4Header unsigned int label Mark lab O0xfedcba98 unsigned int IDVersion File version number unsigned int MainNumber Profile number unsigned int SerNumber Series number unsigned int ProfSerNumber Profile series number unsigned int State State unsigned int NTraces Number of traces in the file of the profile unsigned int NSamples Number of points at the trace unsigned int NTextLabels Number of text points at the file of the profile unsigned int Tall Length o
167. ve signals from the local objects Below given is the example of a horizontal filter In order to open the spectrum range of the entire radarogram select item Horz filter from menu Processing press key combination Ctrl Shift H in the keyboard or click an icon in the toolbar with the left mouse button In order to see the radarogram fragment spectrum select a rectangular segment of the or the icon in the toolbar The profile segment is selected by moving the mouse cursor and holding the left mouse button and the key Shift in the keyboard The window will be displayed in the computer screen which is given in Figure 5 14 17 with no regard to whether the spectrum of the selected part or that of the entire profile 1s chosen BB geo0_channellxx gpr 2 Border of filter 14m __Steepness of filter Bandwidth 7 0 007 0 014 0 0281 m 0 058 0 116 0 231 0 463 SSS Figure 5 14 17 Toolbar of the horizontal filter The toolbar of the horizontal filter 1s basically identical to the toolbar of a band pass filter Figure 5 14 12 The difference is only in a scale dimension The radarogram that is shown in Figure 5 14 18 was scanned in the railway that is why there are reflections of railway sleepers which negatively affect readability of the radarogram By extracting the rectangular part in the profile where the reflections are more evident we obtain the spectrum in which these reflection are displayed in
168. y the channel which is indicated under the key in the window is recorded Channel toggle is accomplished by pressing key up and down by the left mouse button Figure 4 4 12 E EtherNet Ab 1 700 Shift Rough Scale Gain Begin Distance File Stacks Number onnec Record Step pap 0 loom 0 JE s Fl el el Me On te Param r Figure 4 4 12 Scanning window in multichannel mode The operating procedure in this mode is similar to scanning by a single channel GPR The mode Continuous saving section 4 5 2 Decimation section 4 3 4 2 can be used simultaneously with the multichannel GPR 40 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA 4 4 5 GPS operation 4 4 5 1 General information GPS receivers are used for binding of the profiles which have been scanned by a georadar to a ground map For this purpose GPS receivers capable of regularly giving out the data about current position of the receiver with uniform rate from 20 to readout in second can be used Program GeoScan32 can obtain the data from GPS receiver only through consecutive interface RS232 Adjustment of interface RS232 for necessary speed of data transmission is carried out in program GeoScan32 for the purpose to co ordinate it with speed of data transmission in the GPS receiver Admissible speeds of communication of interface RS232 for GPS receivers lie in a range from 1200 to 115200 baud Value of speed by default in the program is the si
169. yborad 5 15 Use processing module application The simplified program interface is created for the user who wishes to apply the self programmed methods in processing georadar tracking signals At the initial stage the user processing procedure is limited in its opportunities the only parameter transmitted to this procedure a quantity of indications readouts in a signal trace and a line itself The procedure shall be compiled in file GeoScan32app dll and the file itself shall be located in one of the directories indicated in the path for searching the program files in Windows for example in a folder with executable file GeoScan32 exe The program interface of the user processing procedure is described in Figure 5 15 1 pragma once User processing file name GeoScan32app dll User process g procedure of georad prof trace UserApplet procedure name Parameters Fi nSamples number of samples in a trace entrance i7 pTrace trace begin g indicator entranc exit Returns the code of negative process g negative values indicate indicate the errors in procedure operation typedef long __stdcall _UserApplet long nSamples float pTrace extern _UserApplet UserApplet Pucynok 5 15 1 UserAppletExp h After program GeoScan32 finds file GeoScan32app dll line Adv processing from menu Processing and the icon in the processing toolbar will become active 96 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30
170. yperbola for calculating epsilon value E EE D 80m 1 00m The calculated value of epsilon 199 7 91 m Z 114 0 09 m Eps 1 59 Figure 5 6 2 Calculation of dielectric permittivity The calculated value of dielectric permittivity is an averaged value for layers that is located over the object If there is no separate layers on the radarogram it does not mean that the scanning area is homogeneous The fact is that dielectric permittivity variation by depth does not change sharply but stepwise Dielectric permittivity of the scanning area can be changed by depth and space In this case the hyperbola reflection from the object is nonsymmetric the more steeper a half hyperbola the more is the value of dielectric permittivity Figure 5 6 3 lee ae a Area with smaller epsilon a el I Area with bigger epsilon Figure 5 6 3 The areas with different dielectric permittivity In this case reference points for overlaying of a hyperbola should be marked on that very half hyperbola from which it is required to change dielectric permittivity 60 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJICTBO NOJIb30BaTeIA Basic conclusions e Value of dielectric permittivity received with the help of a measuring hyperbola is an average value e Depths scale automatically recalculated after using Hyperbola tool The calculated value of epsilon is most precise for the area which is located over
171. ze 9600 baud At current time Program GeoScan32 supports GPS receivers of the firm Trimble Topeon and others allowing delivery of the data about position of the aerial in the form of messages of report NMEA 0183 The configuration of GPS receivers is not carried out by program GeoScan32 If factory Settings of the GPS receiver do not allow to transfer the messages of report NMEA 0183 it is necessary to take advantage of the software used by the GPS receiver for Settings of data transmission under the specified report Besides the receiver program Settings of allows to change speed of communication Accuracy of definition of a georadar aerial position depends on characteristics of the used GPS receivers and conditions of observation of the GPS system satellites For increase in accuracy of positioning it is recommended to use differential GPS systems of real time RTK Satellites GPS DUCE RS232 Receiver GPS Antenna GPS Meth ont Ethernet Control unit Figure 4 4 13 The Block diagram of connection of a simple GPS receiver PC GeoScan32 4 GeoScan32 PYKOBOJCTBO ILOJIB30BaTeJIA Satellites GPS oe we ate ate gt PC GeoScan32 Mech cont Figure 4 4 14 The Block diagramme of connection of the differential GPS receiver With the use of differential GPS receivers accuracy of definition of the aerial georadar position rigidly connected with the aerial of GPS receiver essentially improves an

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