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Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

1. MicroSDHC card is currently the smallest and most popular type of card It is about the size of a fingernail and is used in PDAs cell phones MP3 players and digital cameras You can buy adapters to make the card fit into SD MicroSD Memory Stick PRO Duo or USB slots Current sizes are up to 8 GB MiniSDHC card is a smaller version of the SDHC card but not as small as the MicroSDHC card The cards hold up to 8 GB Table 10 8 Flash memory devices Removable Storage 489 Secure Digital SD cards were the most popular flash memory cards for several years and hold up to 4 GB of data The MiniSD card is about half the size of SD cards but uses the same interface standards You can buy an adapter that lets you use a miniSD card in an SD slot The Sony Memory Stick PRO Duo is about half the size of the Memory Stick PRO but is faster and has a higher storage capacity currently up to 2 GB You can use an adapter to insert the Memory StickPRO Duo in a regular Memory Stick slot Sony Memory Stick Micro M2 is used in Sony Ericsson mobile phones and currently holds up to 4 GB An adapter can be used so it will fit into Memory Stick PRO Duo slots MicroSD is about half the size of a miniSD card and currently comes in sizes up to 16 GB TransFlash cards look the same as microSD cards and they are interchangeable except that TransFlash cards don t offer the same functions in some devices CompactFlash CF cards
2. N N P n O N To use all the functions of the drive install the drivers that come on the CD bundled with the drive For example these drivers might include the options to burn a DVD Windows XP does not natively support this feature or to use LightScribe to burn labels to discs B A If you have a problem reading a CD verify that you placed the CD in the tray label side up a WE An optical drive can be set so that when you insert a disc software on the disc automatically executes a feature called AutoPlay To customize how Windows Vista handles a disc in Control Panel click Play CDs or other media automatically The AutoPlay window opens see Figure 10 42 Make your selections for a variety of situations For Windows XP in Windows Explorer or My Computer window right click the drive and select Properties from the shortcut menu The CD drive Properties dialog box opens click the AutoPlay tab see Figure 10 43 To prevent a CD DVD or BD from automatically playing when AutoPlay is enabled hold down the Shift key when inserting a disc INSTALLING AN EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE When you first plug up an external hard drive to your PC Windows recognizes the drive and assigns it a drive letter You can then view and use the drive using Windows 508 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Chonte what happens when you insert eath type of media or device a Ui datay bi ll aba a ret et tirio D Aka CD
3. inie weds CD Figure 10 42 Options to control what happens when a disc is inserted Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning We hg F eel fs eat i Ha s erg O oiim p nemiri h Pr ipei ie jie liir aa pee ees ae Ea ee ee eee FED Figure 10 43 For Windows XP use My Computer to tell the OS how to handle the AutoPlay feature for your CD drive Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Install and Configure Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices 509 Explorer Most external drives also include a backup software program You can install and use this program to set up a backup routine to back up data on your internal drive to the external drive For example the OneTouch drive shown earlier in the chapter in Figure 10 21 has a program in the root directory named Launch exe Use this program to install backup software under Windows You can then execute the backup software from the Windows Start menu Using the backup software you can set up a scheduled backup routine Figure 10 44 shows one window in the process where you select days and time to back up In another window you select folders to back up Backups then happen routinely until you disable the function At any time you want you can also press a button on the front of the OneTouch drive which causes the software to immediately perform a backup When you first set up the backup it performs a full backup of all the folders you ve specified Later it only back
4. Figure 10 4 Standard RCA cable harness connects to game box Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Captured video can be saved as motion clips or stills and then edited With the right card and software you can create your own video and animated CDs and DVDs To help you select a video capture card look for these features on the card j O J gt N N K d 476 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage 4 Consider the input and output ports the card offers e A card might have video input output ports such as an S Video or composite out video port also might be called an RCA port e A FireWire input output port can be used to receive data from a video camera and possibly output data back to the camera Make sure the card has the input port your video camera uses e For live camera input such as that used by security cameras a card might have multiple BNC connectors round connectors used by coaxial cable to receive simultaneous input from three or four security cameras e A capture card might have one or more audio input ports which might be called RCA ports e If the card is also a video card it will have a VGA analog port or a DVI port for a monitor e Because of the many ports a card might support it might use a breakout box The box provides multiple ports and connects to the card using a short cable 4 The type of slot the card uses PCI Express is much faster than PCI
5. 4 Data processing abilities The card might encode and compress data without involv ing the CPU Look for output formats which might include DVD CD MPEG4 MPEG2 MPEG1 Windows Streaming Media Real Networks Media QuickTime and AVI 4 Software bundled with the card which might include video editing software such as Adobe Premiere video editing Impression DVD SE DVD and CD authoring software Photoshop LE image editor and SmartSound add back ground music Read reviews on each software program you think you might want to use 4 System requirements of the card including operating system processor and memory 4 Ability to transfer data back to a digital camcorder For a TV tuner card look for these features 4 Ability to do instant replay and program scheduling 4 Input ports for coaxial cable TV TV antenna video equipment and game boxes 4 Ability to handle analog and digital including HDTV input signals 4 TV or VCR port for output 4 Remote control so you can flip TV channels from across the room If a TV tuner card is also a capture card most likely the capture component of the card offers only basic functionality One example of a TV tuner and video capture card is the AVerTV Combo PCI E card shown in Figure 10 5 Also an external device can be used as a TV tuner and to capture video and stills For notebook computers the device can use the PC Card slot or it can use a USB port One example is the WinTV US
6. 4 Connect the camera to the PC using a cable Using embedded memory or flash memory cards you can connect the camera to your computer using a cable The cable might attach directly to the camera or connect to a cradle the camera sits in to recharge or upload images The cable can use a USB FireWire IEEE 1394 serial or parallel con nection Also some cameras use an infrared or other wireless connection To connect the camera to the PC you might need to first install the software and then connect the camera or you might need to connect the camera and then install the software Read the camera documentation to find out which order to use After the camera and soft ware are installed the software displays a menu to download images from the camera 4 Install the memory card in the PC If images are stored on a flash memory card installed in your camera you can remove the card and then insert it in a flash mem ory card slot on your computer Most laptop computers have one or more flash memory card slots see Figure 10 25 If your computer doesn t have this slot or the slot is not compatible with the type of card you are using you have two choices e Perhaps you can purchase an adapter so that your smaller memory card will fit into a larger memory slot Figure 10 18 shows examples of these adapters e You can use a media reader that provides a memory card slot to fit your card How to install and use a media reader is covered later in the
7. 4 are popular types DDS 4 holds up to 20 GB native or 40 GB compressed data 2 DAT72 also called DDS 5 holds up to 36 GB native or 72 GB compressed data 3 LTO Ultrium 2 LTO Ultrium 3 and LTO Ultrium 4 are sometimes referred to as LTO cartridges LTO Ultrium 4 holds up to 800 GB native or 1 6 TB compressed data 4 DLT IV or DLT 4 holds up to 40 GB native or 80 GB compressed data 5 Super DLTtape II holds up to 300 GB native or 600 GB compressed data CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Write protect switch Figure 10 23 Minicartridge for a tape drive has a write protect switch Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 6 Travan data types of cartridges vary from TR 1 through TR 7 The TR 7 holds 20 GB native and 40 GB compressed data 7 AIT types have been around a long time and include AIT Turbo AIT 1 through AIT 5 and S AIT S AIT holds up to 1 3 TB compressed data 8 SLR types include SLR1 through SLR140 SLR140 holds 70 GB native or 140 GB compressed data One popular tape standard is the LTO Ultrium 3 For example the Maxell LTO Ultrium 3 data tape cartridge can hold 400 GB of data or 800 GB of compressed data see Figure 10 24 It can be used by the LTO 4 HH tape drive by Quantum shown earlier in Figure 10 22 maxell Figure 10 24 This Maxell LTO Ultrium 3 data tape cartridge can hold up to 800 GB of compressed data Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Install and Configu
8. A 220 702 Practical Application exam begins INSTALL AND CONFIGURE MULTIMEDIA AND MASS STORAGE DEVICES In this part of the chapter you ll learn to install media readers optical drives capture cards TV tuner cards and external hard drives Recall that Windows XP requires you be logged onto the system using an account with administrator privileges to install hardware or software Windows Vista requires that you be logged in using an admin account or you can provide the password for an admin account when the UAC box appears at the beginning of an installation INSTALLING A MEDIA READER A media reader also called a card reader or memory card reader writer provides slots for memory cards and can be an internal or external device An external device such as the one in Figure 10 31 uses a USB port and has one or more memory card slots to accommodate several types of memory cards Some external media readers also provide extra USB ports To use an external media reader plug the device into a USB port Most likely the device will be recognized by Windows without installing drivers If you get an error or the reader does not work unplug the device and install software on the CD that came bundled with the device Then try to use the media reader again Install and Configure Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices 501 Figure 10 31 This Hi Speed USB card reader writer by Targus can read CompactFlash I and II MicroDrive SDHC SD MMC x
9. DVD digital versatile disc or digital video disc drives use the newer UDF file system The latest optical storage technology is Blu ray Disc BD which uses the UDF version 2 5 file system HD DVD is an optical storage technology that at one time competed with Blu ray but is now obsolete Blu ray drives are backward compatible with DVD and CD technologies Depending on the drive features a Blu ray drive might be able to read and write to BDs DVD and CDs DVD drives can handle both DVDs and CDs A CD drive cannot handle DVDs or BDs An internal optical drive can interface with the motherboard by way of a PATA or SATA connection An external drive might use an eSATA FireWire SCSI or USB port Figure 10 7 shows an internal DVD drive and Figure 10 8 shows an external DVD drive Now let s look at how data is read and written to optical discs how much data these discs can hold and the different standards that CD DVD and Blue ray drives might support HOW DATA IS READ AND WRITTEN TO OPTICAL DISCS Data is written to optical discs by using a laser beam to burn or etch pits into the surface of the disc Lands are smooth and level areas and pits are recessed areas on the surface each represents either a 1 or a 0 respectively The bits are read by the drive with a laser beam that distinguishes between a pit and a land by the amount of deflection or scattering that occurs when the light beam hits the surface Figure 10 9 shows the pits and lan
10. TV Tuner card so that analog or digital sound goes directly from the device to the sound card bypassing the CPU Sound can be recorded on a single channel mono or on two channels stereo After the sound is recorded and digitized many sound cards convert and compress the digitized sound to MP3 format which takes up less space on a hard drive or other media than raw digitized sound MP3 sound files have an mp3 file extension and common file extensions for raw uncompressed sound files are wav and aif Table 10 2 lists some sound card manufacturers Creative Technology www creative com and www soundblaster com Diamond Multimedia www diamondmm com Guillemot Corporation www hercules com PPA WWW ppa usa com Sabrent www sabrent com StarTech www startech com Turtle Beach www turtlebeach com Table 10 2 Sound card manufacturers A good source for information about hardware devices and software is a site that offers product reviews and technical specifications and compares product prices and features Check out these sites CNET Networks www cnet com Price Watch www pricewatch com Tom s Hardware Guide www tomshardware com and Epinions Inc www epinions com TV TUNER AND VIDEO CAPTURE CARDS A TV tuner card can turn your computer into a television A port on the card receives input from a TV cable and lets you view television on your computer monitor If the TV signal is analog the TV tuner card can convert it to digita
11. and sound to Web sites 2 Using a search engine find at least two Flash enabled Web sites and then use Flash to explore these sites 3 Windows Media Player is software used to play music and video stored locally or online Windows Vista has Windows Media Player embedded in the OS If you are using Windows XP go to the Microsoft Web site www microsoft com and download the latest version of Windows Media Player 518 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage 4 Use Media Player to play a music CD a radio station on the Web and a video clip on 5 the Web Answer these questions a What are the two sites you found that use Adobe Flash b What music CD did you play c What radio station did you play What was the station s Web site URL d What video clip did you play At which Web site did you locate the clip REAL PROBLEM 10 1 Search for Drivers After you upgrade your Windows XP computer to Windows Vista you discover that the onboard sound ports no longer work You know that the sound ports did work before you started the upgrade Therefore you can conclude that the problem is related to software and not hardware You begin your search on the Internet to find audio drivers that work under Windows Vista Here are the steps you take 1 You search the Web site of the motherboard manufacturer for the drivers You find the drivers for Windows 2000 XP for your particular motherboard but you don t find
12. come in two types Type I CFI and Type II CFII Type II cards are slightly thicker CFI cards will fit a Type II slot but CFII cards will not fit a Type I slot The CF standard allows for sizes up to 137 GB although current sizes range upto 32 GB UDMA CompactFlash cards are faster than other CompactFlash cards UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access transfers data from the device to memory without involving the CPU Older Flash Memory Devices MultiMedia Card MMC looks like an SD card but the technology is different and they are not interchangeable Generally SD cards are faster than MMC cards Reduced Size Multimedia Card RS MMC is about half the size of a regular MultiMedia Card Table 10 8 Flash memory devices continued 490 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage A Microdrive CF uses the CompactFlash II form factor but is actually a tiny hard drive meaning the data is stored on a magnetic disk and is not a solid state device The Memory Stick is used in Sony cameras and camcorders A later version the Memory Stick PRO improved on the slower transfer rate of the original Memory Stick The xD Picture Card has a compact design about the size of a postage stamp and currently holds up to 8 GB of data You can use an adapter to insert this card into a PC Card slot on a notebook computer or a CF slot on a digital camera SmartMedia is an outdated flash memory card that does not have a self
13. such as a CD or DVD player If you are using a single speaker or two speakers with a single sound cable connect the cable to the green sound port on the moth erboard which is usually the middle port Six sound ports S PDIF port for optical cable S PDIF port for coaxial cable coax Figure 10 2 This motherboard with onboard sound has eight sound ports Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 2 Channel Headset 4 Channel 6 Channel 8 Channel Light blue Line in Line in Line in Line in Lime Front speaker out Front speaker out Gray Rear speaker out Rear speaker out NA Black N A N A Side speaker out Yellow orange N A N A Center or Center or subwoofer subwoofer Gray half oval Optical S PDIF out port connects an external audio output device using a fiber optic S PDIF cable Yellow Coaxial S PDIF out port connects an external audio output device using a coaxial S PDIF cable Table 10 1 Sound ports on a motherboard 474 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Also sound cards might be Sound Blaster compatible meaning that they understand the commands sent to them that have been written for a Sound Blaster card which is generally considered the de facto standard for PC sound cards A de facto standard is a standard generally accepted by the industry but not authorized by any official standards organization In addition some cards have internal input connectors to connect to a CD or DVD drive or
14. your computer uses a sound card identify the sound card manufacturer How did you identify the device Real Problems Real Solutions 519 Computing NET www computing net The Driver Guide www driverguide com Drivezone by Barry Fanion www driverzone com HelpWithWindows com www helpwithwindows com Hermanson LLC www windrivers com Marco Volpe www mrdriver com Microsoft Support support microsoft com technet microsoft com PC Pitstop www pcpitstop com Windows User Group Network www wugnet com Table 10 10 Help with Windows troubleshooting and Windows drivers 2 Find one PC support forum where your sound card or motherboard audio is discussed Print one question and answer on the forum For help finding forums try using Google com and search on PC hardware forums 3 Find the Vista drivers for your sound device on the Internet Print the Web page where you can download the Vista drivers If you cannot find Vista drivers describe the process you went through to conclude the drivers don t exist This page intentionally left blank
15. 40 shows the rear of a SATA DVD drive Notice the SATA power connector and the SATA data connector on the drive SATA power connector SATA data connector Figure 10 40 Rear of a SATA optical drive Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 8 If the drive has an audio connector attach one end of the audio cord to the drive and the other end to the sound card or for onboard sound to the motherboard audio header Figure 10 41 shows an audio cord connected to the motherboard See your motherboard documentation for the location of this header Install and Configure Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices 507 Figure 10 41 The audio cable connected to the audio connector on the motherboard the other end of the cable is connected to the optical drive Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Check all connections and turn on the power Press the eject button on the front of the drive If it works then you know power is getting to the drive Put the case cover back on j O Turn on the PC Windows launches the Found New Hardware Wizard Windows Vista and XP support reading from CD and DVD drives using their own embedded drivers without add on drivers Therefore after the Found New Hardware Wizard completes Windows should recognize the drive The drive is now ready to use Press the eject button to open the drive shelf and place a CD or DVD in the drive Now access the disc using Windows Explorer J gt
16. B2 device by Hauppauge Computer Works shown in Figure 10 6 It connects to a USB 2 0 port and comes with a remote control to change channels adjust volume and record or play a video Multimedia Adapter Cards 477 j O Figure 10 5 The AVerTV Combo PCI E TV tuner and video capture card uses a PCIe x1 slot and works alongside a regular video card Courtesy of AVerMedia Technologies Inc USA D gt f N N z j Figure 10 6 The external WinTV USB2 TV tuner and video capture device by Hauppauge Computer Works Inc Courtesy of Hauppauge Computer Works Inc 478 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Table 10 3 lists some manufacturers of TV tuner and video capture cards ATI now AMD www ati com AVerMedia www aver com Creative Technology www creative com Hauppauge Computer Works www hauppauge com Matrox www matrox com Pinnacle Systems www pinnaclesys com Sabrent www sabrent com Table 10 3 Video capture and TV tuner card manufacturers OPTICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CDs and DVDs are popular storage media for multimedia data and CDs are the most popular way of distributing software Both DVD and CD technologies use patterns of tiny lands and pits on the surface of a disc to represent bits which a laser beam can then read This is why they are called optical storage technologies CD compact disc drives use the CDFS Compact Disc File System or the UDF Universal Disk Format file system while
17. CHAPTER 10 In this chapter you will learn About multi media adapter cards including sound cards TV tuner cards and video capture cards About optical storage technolo gies including CD DVD and Blu ray About removable storage including solid state devices external hard drives and tape drives How to install multimedia peripherals and input devices How to install and configure multimedia and mass storage devices including optical drives adapter cards and external drives How to trou bleshoot multi media and mass storage devices Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage he ability to create output in a vast array of media audio video and animation as well as text and graphics has turned PCs into multimedia machines The multimedia computer has much to offer from videoconferencing for executives to tools for teaching the alpha bet to four year olds This chapter examines multimedia devices what they can do how they work and how to support them You will also learn about storage devices such as CDs DVDs removable drives tape drives and external hard drives including installation and troubleshooting 471 472 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage MULTIMEDIA ADAPTER CARDS The goal of multimedia technology is to use sights sounds and animation to make computer output look as much like real life as possible Remember that computers store data digitally and ultimat
18. D Memory Stick PRO Duo and Mini SD cards Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning The A 220 702 Practical Application exam expects you to know how to install an external hard drive capture card and media reader Later if you have a problem with an external reader verify the data cable is seated securely in the USB port Check Device Manager for errors Try the reader in a different port Next try the reader on a different computer If it works on another computer return it to the original computer Perhaps the problem was a loose connection You can also install an internal media reader such as the one shown in Figure 10 32 This device installs in a drive bay in a desktop computer The cord on the back of the drive connects to a USB header on the motherboard The USB interface also provides power to the device The device provides multiple memory card slots and a USB port It supports more than 50 types of memory cards including multiple variations of CompactFlash MicroDrive SmartMedia TransFlash Memory Stick SD MMC and RS MMC media The media reader can be installed without drivers because Windows Vista or XP will recognize the technology and use embedded drivers However for best performance install the drivers that came on the CD with the device j O J gt N N P N 502 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Figure 10 32 Internal media reader and writer uses an internal USB c
19. Fhe COA deve DEEE ee ae AHi tap CD recorders Select tha check bea te need Che by aoao Sa ard Fidea to fhe CD A en os pu Danir l sade CD rag oe ig ret tert eon shp iees ce pie a eee of he OF bo by emits The maga Ale mpy uae up te 2 8 of chsh pacs oe ml Select erie speed Higher pody tube eng Gre ba f hey ee Te fest eee eee en Fortes ey ihai eget the OD sf entry Figure 10 46 Slow down the CD RW burn speed to account for a slow Windows XP system Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning PROBLEMS WITH REMOVABLE STORAGE DEVICES When a removable storage device does not work do the following 4 For an external hard drive verify the data cable is solidly connected to the port Open Device Manager and verify the port and drive are recognized correctly with no errors Chapter Summary 513 It is not normally necessary to install drivers for an external hard drive unless you want to use backup software installed on the drive 4 If Device Manager reports a problem with the port try updating device drivers for the motherboard which will include USB FireWire and eSATA drivers 4 Is the drive connected to a USB hub that needs power Is the power cord connected to the hub 4 For a USB flash drive or external hard drive try a different port Try the device on another computer If it works on another computer return it to the original computer Perhaps the problem was a loose connection PROBLEMS WIT
20. H CAPTURE CARDS As with troubleshooting any adapter card try the easy things first Here are a few tips 4 Open Device Manager and verify it recognizes the card with no errors Is the card enabled 4 Verify the peripherals microphone speakers camera video cable or TV cable are connected to the card and the peripherals are working 4 Verify the application software that uses the card is working Does the software j give errors Try repairing the software using the utility that came bundled with the card Most likely you can run the setup program on the CD to repair the software 4 Has the card ever worked Read the documentation to make sure everything is installed correctly Most installations for capture cards require a couple of restarts Try J gt N N P N O N restarting the system 4 Try uninstalling and reinstalling the card and software Use Device Manager to uninstall the card device drivers Use an uninstall routine to uninstall the application software Then begin again and reinstall everything being very careful to follow installation instructions 4 Try installing the card in Safe Mode First uninstall the card and then boot the system into Safe Mode To boot Windows into Safe Mode press the F8 key during startup and select Safe Mode with Networking from the Windows Advanced Options Menu Windows Safe Mode launches a bare bones hardware and software configuration Now install the card Next restar
21. NES A webcam Web camera is a video camera that is used to capture digital video that can be used to feed live video on the Internet The camera usually connects to a computer by way of a USB FireWire composite video or S video port Besides the larger Web cameras used to produce live video for webcam sites you can buy an inexpensive Web camera such as the one shown in Figure 10 26 to use for personal chat sessions and videoconferencing The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know the purposes and characteris tics of digital cameras Web cameras and microphones Install and Configure Multimedia Peripherals 497 Figure 10 26 This personal Web camera clips to the top of your notebook and comes packaged with an ear clip headset that includes a microphone and speaker Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning First use the setup CD to install the software and then plug in the webcam to a USB port You can use the camera with or without the headset If you want to include sound in your chat sessions plug the two sound connectors into the speaker out and micro phone in ports on your computer These ports are embedded in notebook computers as shown in Figure 10 26 For desktop computers the ports are part of the sound card or they are onboard ports Next use chat software such as Windows Live Messenger to create a live video ses sion For example when you open Messenger if you or your chat friend has a webcam installe
22. Practicing Troubleshooting Skills 1 A friend calls to say that he just purchased a new sound card and speakers to install in his PC He wants some help from you over the phone Your friend installed the sound card in an expansion slot and connected the audio wire to the sound card and the CD drive List the steps you would guide him through to complete the installation 2 Suppose that the audio wire connection in Step 1 does not fit the connection on the CD drive You think that if the problem is a wrong fit perhaps you can improvise to connect audio from the CD drive directly to the sound card Your friend tells you that the CD drive has a port for a headphone connection and the sound card has a port for audio in How might you improvise to provide this direct connection Check your theory using the appropriate audio wire 3 Work with a partner Each of you should set up a problem with sound on a PC and have the other troubleshoot it Suggestions for a problem to set up include 4 Speaker cables disconnected 4 Speaker turned off 4 Speaker cable plugged into the wrong jack 4 Volume turned down all the way As you troubleshoot the problem write down its initial symptoms as a user would describe them and the steps you take toward the solution PROJECT 10 2 Using the Internet for Research Make a presentation or write a paper about digital cameras Cover what features to look for when buying one and how to compare quality from one camer
23. VD and BD drives APPLYIN G CO N CEPTS Windows XP can burn a CD without any extra software installed It s very simple first select all files you want to burn on the CD To do that right click a file and select Send To from the shortcut menu or you can drag and drop the file onto the CD drive Then select the CD drive see Figure 10 13 After all files are selected the next step is to burn the CD Using My Computer double click the CD RW drive The files you have selected will appear in the right pane see Figure 10 14 To burn the CD click Write these files to CD Windows Vista can burn CDs and DVDs without extra software and the steps are similar Windows XP cannot burn DVDs unless you install third party software j O J gt N N K J CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage ay a co Le ee 5 ew ee acer sa pgi e hi Ti h a T Meri oy Fpa perce Dmr F E ae a lar imaa i Ew pe CHa Poa Lj m Ge ade rs Peay hi lana culos E a Figure 10 13 Using Windows XP the first step to burn a CD is to select files for the CD Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning i lei y Ee pE fpei lmh Qumu O FF m Prhe R miah lt ir em tia g Figure 10 14 Files ready to be written to a CD Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Optical Storage Technology 485 CARING FOR OPTICAL DRIVES AND DISCS Most problems with CD DVD and BD dis
24. W technology is sometimes called write many technology CD R Table 10 4 CD standards Table 10 5 describes the DVD standards used for reading and writing All have similar but not identical features so compatibility of standards is an issue Most DVD drives sup port several competing standards When buying a DVD drive look for the standards it sup ports and also look for its ability to burn CDs Table 10 6 lists the Blu ray disc standards It is expected that new BD standards will be released in the future CD RW DVD RW DVD RW and BD RE discs can be written to and overwritten thousands of times and are considered a replacement for the older floppy disks USB drives are also replacing floppy disks as inexpensive and quick and easy removable stor age devices 482 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage DVD Standard Description DVD ROM DVD read only memory A DVD ROM drive can also read CDs or DVDs DVD R DVD recordable single layer A DVD R holds about 4 7 GB of data and is a write once disc DVD R DL DVD recordable in dual layers Doubles storage to 8 5 GB of data on one surface DVD RW DVD rewriteable Also known as an erasable recordable device or a write many device DVD RW DL DVD rewriteable dual layers Doubles storage capacity to 8 5 GB DVD R DVD recordable is similar to but faster than DVD R Holds about 4 7 GB of data DVD R DL DVD recordable dual layers Doubles storage to 8 5 GB of data
25. a to another Use the follow ing Web sites as well as three other Web sites in your research 4 www imaging resource com 4 www pcphotoreview com 4 www steves digicams com Hands On Projects 517 PROJECT 10 3 Compare Blank CD DVD and BD Prices Fill in Table 10 9 to compare prices of various types of CDs DVDs and BDs To print the table look for Table 10 9 on the CD that accompanies this book Cost of Packet Capacity of and Number of Manufacturer a Disc Discs in One Packet Cost Per Disc CD R CD RW DVD R DVD R DVD R DL DVD RW DVD RW DVD R with LightScribe DVD R with Labelflash DVD R printable BD R BD R DL BD RE Table 10 9 Compare optical disc capacities and prices PROJECT 10 4 Find a Printer That Can Print Labels on CDs and DVDs Search retail Web sites to find an ink jet printer that is capable of printing color labels directly on the surface of a CD or DVD Print the Web page showing the printer and its cost Find a comparable ink jet printer that does not offer the feature to print to optical discs Print the Web page showing the printer and its cost Based on your comparison how much does the feature of printing to optical discs cost PROJECT 10 5 Exploring Multimedia on the Web Do the following to investigate how to experience multimedia on the Web 1 Go to the Adobe Web site www adobe com and download the latest version of Adobe Flash Player software used to add animation video
26. ar methods include several variations and overlapping standards of Dolby TrueHD Dolby Digital also known as AC 3 and Dolby surround sound TrueHD and Dolby Digital use and build on the surround sound technologies Three popular variations of surround sound are 5 1 7 1 and 9 1 The 9 1 surround standard can support up to 10 separate sound channels of sound information for up to 10 different speakers each producing a different sound These speak ers are known as front left and right front center rear left and right subwoofer two additional rear speakers and two additional front speakers mounted high above the main Multimedia Adapter Cards 473 left and right front speakers Very few systems use all these speakers The 5 1 standard uses six speakers while the 7 1 standard uses eight Because each channel is digital there is no background noise on the channel and a sound engineer can place sound on any one of these speakers The sound effects can be awesome The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know about the functions of a sound card TV tuner card and capture card The motherboard shown in Figure 10 2 contains onboard sound Device drivers and a user manual for sound come bundled with the motherboard on CD The purposes of the eight sound ports are listed in Table 10 1 for 2 4 6 and 8 channel sound The two S PDIF Sony Philips Digital Interconnect Format ports are used to connect to external sound equipment
27. atch TV using your computer What type of file system is used by Blu ray discs What two types of interfaces might be used by an internal DVD drive How much data can a CD hold Thinking Critically 515 7 How much data can a double sided double layer DVD hold 8 What color laser beam does a CD and DVD drive use 9 What color laser beam does a Blu ray drive use 10 How much data can a double sided single layer BD hold 11 How much data can a double sided dual layer BD hold 12 Which costs more a CD R or a CD RW disc 13 Which type of flash memory card is currently the smallest type of card and the most popular 14 What type of flash memory card looks the same and is interchangeable with a MicroSD card 15 Which type of removable storage device can only access its data sequentially and not randomly 16 Which type of image file format typically produces a larger file size a JPEG file or a TIFF file 17 What are the group of standards that represent music in digital form 18 Why might a musical keyboard have two MIDI ports 19 If you need your laptop to read an SD card but the laptop does not have a memory card slot what device can you buy to read the card 20 What Windows Vista utility is used to change the burn speed for CDs and DVDs 1 You have just installed a new sound card and its drivers and connected the speakers and amplifier You insert a music CD into the drive to test the drive Windows Media Player la
28. cable with a hard drive can slow down the hard drive s performance Older sys tems have two EIDE connections on the motherboard probably labeled IDE1 and IDE2 so most likely you will be able to use IDE2 for the CD drive Newer systems have more than one SATA connection and one PATA connection Use SATA connections for all hard drives The optical drive can use the one PATA connection or a SATA connection Also optical drives might have a connection for an audio port so that sound from audio CDs can be sent directly to the audio controller The DVD drive in Figure 10 34 has two connectors for audio The 4 pin connector is used for analog sound and the 2 pin connector is used for dig ital sound Most often you ll use the 4 pin analog connection to connect to a sound card or to the motherboard The 2 pin connector is seldom used because Windows Vista and XP transfer digital sound from the drive to the sound card without the use of a direct cable connection Emergency eject hole Analog audio connector Power in 40 pin EIDE connection Master slave jumper setting for IDE configuration Digital audio connector Figure 10 34 Front and rear of an EIDE DVD drive Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning j a J gt N N n O N 504 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage APP LYI N G CO N CEPTS Follow these general steps to install an optical drive using a PATA or SATA connection 1 A
29. chapter 496 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Card in SD slot PRO Duo slot Figure 10 25 This laptop has two flash memory card slots Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning When the memory card is recognized by Windows it is assigned a drive letter and you can see it listed in Windows Explorer Use Windows Explorer to copy move and delete files from the card It s interesting to know that TWAIN Technology Without An Interesting Name is a standard format used by scanners and digital cameras and other devices for transferring images The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know how to install the software bundled with your digital camera before attaching the camera to your PC After the images are on the PC use the camera s image editing software or another program such as Adobe Photoshop to view touch up crop and print the picture For Windows Vista you can use Windows Photo Gallery which is an embedded part of Vista The picture file which is usually in JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group format can then be imported into documents JPEG is a common compression standard for storing photos Most JPEG files have a jpg file extension In addition a high end camera might support the uncompressed TIFF format TIFF tagged image file format files are larger than JPEG files but retain more image information and give better results when printing photographs INSTALLING WEBCAMS AND MICROPHO
30. computer case has some wide bays for DVD CD or Blu ray drives and some narrow ones for hard drives and floppy drives Open the case and decide which large bay to use for the drive If you use the top bay the drive will be up and out of the way of other components inside the case 2 For a PATA interface set the jumper on the rear of the drive see Figure 10 35 Figure 10 35 Set the jumper of an EIDE optical drive Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 3 Older and less expensive cases use screws to secure the drive to the sides of the bay and some bays have a clipping mechanism to secure the drive For the case shown in Figure 10 36 you must first remove the front panel of the case A clipping mechanism is then exposed Next using two fingers squeeze the two clips on each side of the bay together to release them and pull them forward You also need to remove the faceplate from the front of the bay Faceplate removed Bracing clips Figure 10 36 To prepare a large bay for an optical drive punch out the faceplate and pull the bracing clips forward Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Install and Configure Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices 505 4 Slide the drive into the bay see Figure 10 37 To see how far to push the drive into the bay align it with the front of the case as shown in Figure 10 38 For other cases such as the one shown in Figure 10 39 the case front panel is not removed For this case you re
31. contained controller used by more current cards Because the camera must manage the data on the card use only the SmartMedia card recommended by the camera manufacturer Table 10 8 Flash memory devices continued Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Sometimes a flash memory card is bundled with one or more adapters so that a smaller card will fit a larger card slot Figure 10 18 shows a MicroSDHC card that came packaged with four adapters which are labeled in the figure Figure 10 19 shows a Sony digital camera that has a Memory Stick PRO slot An adapter allows a Memory Stick PRO Duo to use the slot Figure 10 20 shows several flash memory cards together so you can get an idea of their relative sizes EXTERNAL HARD DRIVES External hard drives are a great method of keeping backups of data stored on your hard drive They can easily be moved from one computer to another and some are designed for travel External hard drives can be magnetic or solid state drives The solid state drives are much more durable especially when traveling They are also faster and cost more than magnetic drives External hard drives use USB 2 0 FireWire eSATA or SCSI ports to connect to a computer Figure 10 21 shows a Maxtor external hard drive that holds 500 GB and uses a USB connection USB adapter il PLEA ATE a fE Raade PRO Duo adapter Removable Storage MicroSDHC MiniSD adapter memory card SD adapter FLEMATE P
32. cs are caused by dust fingerprints scratches surface defects or random electrical noise Also an optical drive will not properly read or write a disc when the drive is standing vertically such as when someone turns a desktop PC case on its side to save desk space or lays a tower case on its side Use these precautions when handling CDs DVDs or BDs 4 Hold the disc by the edge do not touch the bright side of the disc where data is stored 4 To remove dust or fingerprints use a clean soft dry cloth Don t wipe the disc in a circular motion Always wipe from the center of the disc out toward the edge 4 Don t paste paper on the surface of a disc Don t paste any labels on the top of the disc because this can imbalance the disc and cause the drive to vibrate You can label the top of a disc that is not a dual sided disc using a felt tip pin Don t label a DVD or BD if both sides hold data Don t subject a disc to heat or leave it in direct sunlight Don t make the center hole larger Don t bend a disc Don t drop a disc or subject it to shock If a disc gets stuck in the drive use the emergency eject hole to remove it Turn off the ara da bd Dd power to the PC first Then insert an instrument such as a straightened paper clip into the hole to eject the tray manually 4 When closing a CD DVD or BD tray don t push on the tray Press the close button on the front of the drive 4 Don t use cleaners alco
33. d a small camera icon appears to the left of your photo see Figure 10 27 Click it to invite your friend to view your webcam streaming video If you both have a speaker and microphone connected you can also create a videoconferencing session with video and voice To begin a video conversation with sound on the menu at the top of the Messenger window click Call and then select Call computer j O gt N N E d 498 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Peera Eaa Terppa hja fo Gn Laeger iat a ite alare ai epee pee cy Oe ji pee re wee orare eis eel Hi F ba Fal ea a oy eer i ii oe oes i Teip Tp i al a aren fo piee ee bee i ee a by m pie a ee ee pi A Y Pepi Cay a id Wo iy pe ee Pe ae TT LITE ENE Webcam icon ans Agee Cela eee See faery peel ee ie TT ae ae or es A eee ph oe Oe ea Da ee il Figure 10 27 Windows Live Messenger session using a webcam Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning INSTALLING MIDI DEVICES MIDI musical instrument digital interface pronounced middy is a set of standards that are used to represent music in digital form Whereas MP3 is a method of storing a sound file in compressed format MIDI is a method of digitally describing and storing every individual note played by each individual instrument used in making music With MIDI files and MIDI software you can choose to listen to only a single instrument bei
34. dia including traditional hard drives and floppy disks have a half life of five to seven years but writeable optical media such as CD Rs have a half life of 30 years Optical Storage Technology 483 One more feature that you might look for in an optical drive is the ability to burn labels on the top of a disc Two competing technologies for this purpose are Labelflash and LightScribe Using either technology you flip a Labelflash or LightScribe CD or DVD upside down and insert it in the drive tray so that the drive can then burn a label on top of the disc The drive and disc must support the technology for it to work and the two technolo gies are not compatible Figure 10 12 shows a LightScribe CD R that was just labeled using LightScribe Another way to print labels on a disc is to use special discs that have a white paperlike surface Insert the disc into an ink jet printer that will print the label The printer has to be the type that will print on optical discs It is not recommended that you glue paper labels on the top of discs because they can throw the disc off balance or clog up a drive if the labels come loose You can use a permanent felt tip marker to handwrite labels on a disc Figure 10 12 This disc label was written using a DVD burner that supports LightScribe Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Q A Exam Tip The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know about the drive speeds and media types of CD D
35. ds and layers of a CD CDs and DVDs both use red laser beams but the wavelength of the DVD laser beam is shorter than that of the CD laser beam The shorter wavelength allows the beam to be more accurate This accuracy means that more data can be stored on a DVD than on a CD Blu ray uses a blue laser beam which is shorter than any red beam allowing Blu ray technology to store more data than a DVD Optical Storage Technology 479 Rear of drive j O gt N N E d Figure 10 7 This internal DVD drive uses a SATA connection Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Figure 10 8 The PX 610U external DVD RW drive by Plextor uses a USB 2 0 port Courtesy of Plextor 480 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Label imprinted on top of CD Acrylic protectant Aluminum Plastic Figure 10 9 A CD is constructed of plastic aluminum and acrylic Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Data is only written to one side of a CD but can be written to one or both sides of a DVD or Blu ray disc Also a DVD or Blu ray disc can hold data in two layers on each side This means these discs can hold a total of four layers on one disc see Figure 10 10 e yori Top E ae am cg I O ka eet Se bars Layer 3 Bottom Layer 4 Figure 10 10 A DVD can hold data in double layers on both the top and bottom of the disc yielding a maximum capacity of 17 GB Courtesy Course Techn
36. eads from LTO Ultrium 4 LTO Ultrium 3 and LTO Ultrium 2 tapes and comes with backup software Courtesy of Quantum Corporation j them you might want to invest in specialized backup software to make backups as efficient and effortless as possible Many tape drives come with bundled software and Windows offers a Backup utility that can use tape drives Several of the more common standards and types of tapes and tape drives are described in this section J gt N N P The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to be able to categorize the different types of backup media including tape drives solid state devices external optical drives and external hard drives The biggest disadvantage of using tape drives is that data is stored on tape by sequen tial access to read data from anywhere on the tape you must start at the beginning of the tape and read until you come to the sought after data Sequential access makes recovering files slow and inconvenient which is why tapes are not used for general purpose data storage Tape drives accommodate one of two kinds of tapes full sized data cartridges are 4 x 6 x inches and the smaller minicartridges like the one in Figure 10 23 are 3 x 2 x inches Minicartridges are more popular because their drives can fit into a standard 3 inch drive bay of a PC case Here is a list of some of the more common types of tape cartridges 1 DDS 1 DDS 2 DDS 3 and DDS
37. ely as a stream of only two numbers 0 and 1 In contrast sights and sounds have an infinite number of variations and are analog in nature The challenge for multimedia technology is to bridge these two worlds In this section you ll learn about sound cards and onboard sound and then we ll look at TV tuner cards and video capture cards SOUND CARDS AND ONBOARD SOUND A sound card an expansion card with sound ports or onboard sound sound ports embed ded on a motherboard can record sound save it in a file on your hard drive and play it back Some sound cards and onboard sound give you the ability to mix and edit sound and even to edit the sound using standard music score notation Sound cards or motherboards with onboard sound have output ports for external speakers and input ports for a micro phone CD or DVD player or other digital sound equipment Figure 10 1 shows a sound card by Creative This Sound Blaster X Fi Titanium card uses a PCle x1 slot and supports up to eight surround sound 7 1 speakers Figure 10 1 Sound Blaster X Fi Titanium sound card by Creative uses a PCIe x1 slot Courtesy of Creative Technology Ltd The number and type of sound ports on a motherboard or sound card depend on the sound standards the card or board supports For good sound you definitely need two or more external speakers and an amplifier Most cards sold today support the audio compres sion methods also used by HDTV high definition TV Popul
38. he SCSI chain Are the correct SCSI drivers installed 4 Download updates to Windows Sometimes installing Windows patches can solve problems with hardware 4 Suspect a boot virus This is a common problem Download the latest updates to an antivirus program and then scan the system for viruses PROBLEMS WHEN BURNING A CD DVD OR BD When trying to burn a CD DVD or BD sometimes Windows refuses to perform the burn or the burned disc is not readable Here are some things that might go wrong and what to do about them 4 A CD can hold about 700 MB of data Be sure your total file sizes don t exceed this amount For other discs make sure the type of disc can hold the total file sizes that you are trying to burn Also verify that the disc is a recordable or rewriteable disc For recordable discs verify the disc has not already been used 4 The hard drive needs some temporary holding space for the write process Make sure you have at least 1 GB of free space 4 If something interrupts the write process before the burning is done you might end up with a bad disc Disable any screen saver and close other programs before you begin 4 If several discs give you problems try a different brand of discs 4 The burn process requires a constant flow of data to the disc If you have a sluggish Windows system a disc might not burn correctly Try using a slower burn rate to adjust for a slow data transfer rate To slow the burn rate in Vista open Wi
39. her an external or internal device Examples of removable stor age are solid state devices such as a USB flash drive or flash memory card an external hard drive a tape drive an older and outdated Zip drive or floppy drive and optical discs Using removable storage devices provides several advantages 4 Increases the overall storage capacity of a system 4 Makes it easy to move large files from one computer to another Removable Storage 487 4 Serves as a convenient medium for making backups of hard drive data 4 Makes it easy to secure important files To keep important files secure keep the removable device locked in a safe when it is not being used Now let s look at three removable storage devices solid state devices external hard drives and tape drives SOLID STATE STORAGE A storage device that uses memory chips and no moving parts to store data instead of spinning disks such as those used by hard drives and CD drives is called a solid state device SSD also called a solid state drive Examples of solid state devices are USB flash drives flash mem ory cards and solid state hard drives You learned about solid state hard drives in Chapter 8 The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know about USB drives and flash memory cards USB flash drives currently for sale range in size from 128 MB to 256 GB and go by many names including a flash pen drive jump drive thumb drive and key drive Several USB flash dri
40. hol and the like on a disc unless you use a cleaning solution specifically designed for optical discs like the cleaning kit in Figure 10 15 Using this kit you can spray the cleaning solution on a disc and then wipe it off with the soft purple cloth To fix a scratch on a disc use the repair solution made of aluminum oxide Apply a small amount to the scratch and gently rub it with the yellow cloth Then clean the disc using the cleaning solution Optical drives and other removable storage technologies are interesting to study For the tech hungry reader I suggest you check out the animated explanation at the Web site of HowStuffWorks Inc www howstuffworks com Search on How Removable Storage Works Table 10 7 lists manufacturers of optical drives CDs DVDs and BDs are expected to hold their data for many years however you can prolong the life of a disc by protecting it from exposure to light 486 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Figure 10 15 Use a cleaning solution and repair solution to clean and repair scratches on optical discs Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Creative Labs www creative com LG Electronics www lge com LITE ON IT www liteonit com Panasonic www panasonic com Pioneer www pioneerelectronics com Plextor www plextor com Samsung www samsung com Sony Electronics www sonystyle com Table 10 7 Optical drive manufacturers REMOVABLE STORAGE Removable storage can be eit
41. i fA ATE Fuss M 491 FLEM ATE Lgpapher mir mi Adapter pm m zama ET ae iz j O Figure 10 18 MicroSDHC card with four adapters Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning J gt N N E J md Figure 10 19 This Sony digital camera has a Memory Stick PRO slot that can accommodate a Memory Stick PRO Duo with adapter images upload by way of a USB cable Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 492 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage MiniSDHC MiniSD SD MicroSDHC SDHC PRO Duo Micro M2 CompactFlash MicroSD Figure 10 20 Flash memory cards Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Figure 10 21 The OneTouch external hard drive holds 500 GB and uses a Hi Speed USB connection Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning TAPE DRIVES Tape drives see Figure 10 22 are an inexpensive way of backing up an entire hard drive or portions of it Tape drives are less expensive for backups than external hard drives CDs DVDs or USB flash drives which is why they are still popular for backups even though other methods are more convenient Tapes currently have capacities of 20 GB to 1 3 TB compressed and come in several types and formats Although tape drives don t require that you use special backup software to manage Removable Storage 493 so Quantum gt Figure 10 22 The LTO 4 HH tape drive by Quantum writes to LTO Ultrium 4 and LTO Ultrium 3 tapes and r
42. l A video capture card lets you capture this video input and save it to a file on your hard drive Some cards are a combination TV tuner card and video capture card making it possible for you to receive television input and save that input to your hard drive A high end TV tuner video capture card might also serve as your video card Also some motherboards and note book computers have onboard TV tuners and TV captures such as the notebook shown in Figure 10 3 To use this notebook to watch TV and capture live TV plug in a TV coaxial cable also called coax for short to the RF adapter that is included Then plug the adapter into the Multimedia Adapter Cards Figure 10 3 This notebook computer has embedded TV tuner and video capture abilities Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 475 Left side of notebook RF adapter cable for TV antenna coaxial cable Coax connector to TV cable TV antenna port mini jack S Video out Composite video input Audio input jacks antenna mini jack port on the laptop Other ports labeled in Figure 10 3 can be used to capture input from a camcorder or VCR or input data from other audio and video equipment that use these audio input and composite video ports You can also use this note book as your display for a game box For example you can connect the RCA cable shown in Figure 10 4 to the red white and yellow ports on the laptop and the other end of the cable to an Xbox
43. move the case side panel and the faceplate for the drive bay Then you slide the drive into the bay so it s flush with the front panel j O J gt N N n N Figure 10 37 Slide the optical drive into the bay Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Figure 10 38 To judge how far to insert the optical drive in the bay align it with the front of the case Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 506 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Figure 10 39 Slide the drive into the bay flush with the front panel Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 5 To secure the drive push the clips back into position For bays that use screws put two screws on each side of the drive tightening the screws so the drive can t shift but avoiding overtightening them Use the screws that come with the drive screws that are too long can damage the drive If necessary buy a mounting kit to extend the sides of the drive so that it fits into the bay and attaches securely 6 Connect a power cord to the drive 7 For EIDE drives connect the 40 pin cable to the IDE motherboard connector and the drive being careful to follow the pin 1 rule Match the edge color on the cable to pin 1 on both the adapter card and the drive Generally the colored edge is closest to the power connector For SATA drives connect a SATA cable to the drive and to a SATA connector on the motherboard Figure 10
44. ndows Media Player click the down arrow under Burn and select More Options from the drop down menu In the Options box that appears click the Burn tab and then select the burn rate see Figure 10 45 The rate applies to any burner you use on this computer To slow the burn rate in XP right click the optical drive in Windows Explorer and select Properties from the shortcut menu Click the Recording tab see Figure 10 46 Choose a slower write speed from the drop down menu Notice in the Recording tab window you can also point to a drive different from drive C to hold temporary files for burning Use this option if drive C is full and another drive has more available space If a disc gets stuck in the drive use the emergency eject hole to remove it Turn off the power to the PC first Then insert an instrument such as a straightened paper clip into the hole to eject the tray manually j J gt f N N P N O N 512 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage idol ines Se ae ee m nen tee L Fris vy C heel ee ik ETT sores a i mee ee ee be mE d EEF ee ee A BER d AA P a a ey eS P a a d T e ee E i a i e a a Tr E Tmp ee Ea ds eg E ee eee Figure 10 45 Use Windows Media Player to select the burn rate in Vista Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning D ieee ie Pre ties cT si E AMMU Fain Rn GEETE OR Pa Peres CO Par 2 mati ripi fies Ep
45. ng played or change one note played by that instrument MIDI can be used to creatively produce synthesized music mute one instrument or voice and edit a song with your own voice or instrument MIDI standards are used to connect electronic music equipment such as musical keyboards and mixers or to connect this equipment to a PC for input and output Most sound cards can play MIDI files and most electronic instruments have MIDI ports To mix and edit music using MIDI on your PC you ll need MIDI editing software such as JAMMER Pro by SoundTrek www soundtrek com A MIDI port is a 5 pin DIN port that looks like a keyboard port only larger Figure 10 28 shows MIDI ports on electronic drums A MIDI port is either an input port or an output port but not both Normally you would connect the MIDI output port to a mixer but you can also use it to connect to a PC Here are ways to connect a musical instrument to a PC using the MIDI standards 4 MIDI to MIDI A few sound cards provide MIDI ports Use two MIDI cables to connect output jack to input jack and to connect input jack to output jack Install and Configure Multimedia Peripherals 499 5 pin MIDI out and MIDI in ports Figure 10 28 MIDI ports on an electronic drum set Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning j O 4 MIDI to USB If your PC does not have MIDI ports you can use a MIDI to USB cable like the one in Figure 10 29 The two MIDI connectors on the cable are for inp
46. ology Cengage Learning Data on an optical disc is laid out as one continuous spiral of sectors of equal length that hold equal amounts of data see Figure 10 11 For a CD if laid out in a straight line this spiral would be 3 5 miles long Hard drives spin at a constant rate or revolutions per minute but optical drives use variable speeds depending on the type of media being read In order to read each sector on the spiral at a constant linear velocity CLV the disc spins faster when the read write head is near the center of the disc In addition CDs playing audio data spin at the slowest rates compared to other media To show video and motion without a choppy effect however the speed of the drives was increased to double speed quad speed and so on CD drives with speeds at 52x and 56x 52 and 56 times the audio speed are not uncommon now When playing music CDs these drives still drop to the slower rates Figure 10 11 The spiral layout of sectors on an optical disc surface Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning HOW MUCH DATA CAN BE STORED ON OPTICAL DISCS Here s the breakdown of how much data can be held on CDs DVDs and BDs A CD can hold 700 MB of data The different amounts of data that can be stored on a DVD depend on these factors 4 Single sided single layer DVD can hold 4 7 GB 4 Single sided dual layer DVD can hold 8 5 GB Optical Storage Technology 481 4 Double sided single layer DVD can hold 9 4 GB 4 D
47. ompactFlash Older types of flash memory cards include MMC RS MMC Microdrive CF Memory Stick xD Picture Card and SmartMedia 4 External hard drives can use a USB FireWire eSATA or SCSI port 4 Tape drives are an inexpensive way to back up an entire hard drive or portions of it Tape drives are more convenient for backups than removable disks The disadvantage of tape drives is that data can only be accessed sequentially 4 Two types of file formats used for images are JPEG and TIFF 4 MIDI is a set of standards used to represent music in digital form 4 Internal optical drives can have an EIDE serial ATA or SCSI interface and external opti cal drives can use a USB port 1394 port or SCSI port For explanations of key terms see the Glossary near the end of the book Blu ray Disc BD JPEG Joint Photographic sequential access card reader Experts Group surround sound CD compact disc lands TIFF tagged image file CDFS Compact Disc File media reader format System memory card reader writer TV tuner card constant linear velocity CLV MIDI musical instrument UDF Universal Disk Format data cartridge digital interface file system DVD digital versatile disc minicartridge video capture card or digital video disc MP3 half life pits ef Fr SS E Which speaker port should you use when connecting a single speaker to a PC What type of compression format is popular for audio files What type of adapter card allows you to w
48. on one surface DVD RW DVD rewriteable Faster than DVD RW DVD RAM DVD Random Access Memory is rewriteable and erasable You can erase or rewrite certain sections of a DVD RAM disc without disturbing other sections of the disc and the discs can handle many times over the number of rewrites around 100 000 rewrites compared to about a thousand rewrites for DVD RW and DVD RW discs These features make DVD RAM discs more popular for some applications than are DVD RW or DVD RW discs DVD RAM discs are popular media used in camcorders and set top boxes Table 10 5 DVD standards BD ROM BD read only memory A BD ROM drive can also read DVDs and some can read CDs BD recordable A BD R drive might also write to DVDs or CDs BD rewriteable A BD RE drive might also write to DVDs or CDs Table 10 6 BD standards FEATURES OF OPTICAL DRIVES Optical drives can be external or internal drives When selecting a CD DVD or BD drive consider the interface it uses and the disc standards it supports Also consider the read speed write once speeds and the rewriteable speeds For example one Blu ray burner supports 4x speed for BD R writes 2x speeds for BD RE writes 12x speeds for DVD R writes 8x speeds for DVD RW writes 32x speeds for CD R writes and 24x speeds for CD RW writes Half life sometimes called life expectancy or shelf life of a storage media is the time it takes for the strength of the medium to weaken by half Magnetic me
49. onnection Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning INSTALLING AN OPTICAL DRIVE Internal optical drives use a SCSI PATA or SATA interface Figure 10 33 shows the rear of a PATA CD drive Note the jumper bank that can be set to cable select slave or master Cable Select Slave Master IDE INTERFACE Jumper bank for IDE configuration Power cord connection Audi dt d card udio cord to sound car IDE data cable Figure 10 33 Rear view of an EIDE CD drive Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Recall from Chapter 8 that for EIDE there are four choices for drive installations primary master primary slave secondary master and secondary slave If the drive will be the second drive installed on the cable then set the drive to slave If the drive is the only drive on the cable choose master because single is not a choice The cable select setting is used if a special EIDE cable select cable determines which drive is master or slave If the optical drive shares an IDE channel with a hard drive make the hard drive the master and the optical drive the slave The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know how to install a CD DVD or Blu ray drive Install and Configure Multimedia and Mass Storage Devices 503 When given the choice of putting the optical drive on the same cable with a hard drive or on its own cable choose to Installing a DVD Drive use its own cable A CD drive that shares a
50. ouble sided dual layer DVD can hold 17 GB The data that can be stored on a BD are 4 Double sided single layer BD can hold 25 GB 4 Double sided dual layer BD can hold 50 GB BDs that can have up to 20 layers are expected in the future These BDs are expected to hold up to 500 GB The discrepancy in the computer industry between one billion bytes 1 000 000 000 bytes and 1 GB 1 073 741 824 bytes exists because 1 KB equals 1 024 bytes Even though documentation might say that a DVD holds 17 GB in fact it holds 17 billion bytes which is only 15 90 GB STANDARDS SUPPORTED BY CD DVD AND BD DRIVES Table 10 4 lists the three different CD standards that might be used by a CD drive You can tell the difference between a CD and a CD R or CD RW disc by the color of the bottom of the disc CD R and CD RW discs are blue black or some other color and read only CDs are silver Read only CDs are called CD ROMs Read Only Memory but keep in mind they are not considered a type of memory CD ROM CD read only memory A CD ROM drive can read CDs Newer CD ROM drives can read any type of CD including CD R and CD RW discs CD recordable A CD R drive can record or write to a CD R disc A CD R disc is sometimes called a write once CD CD rewriteable A CD RW drive can write to a CD RW or CD R disc and also overwrite a CD RW disc CD RW drives have made CD R drives obsolete Blank CD RW discs cost more than blank CD R discs The CD R
51. ram also installs an applica tion to use the card 6 Shut down the system and install the microphone and camera input cables 7 Restart the system The application software to configure the card launches Stepping through each configuration screen you will select the format that will be used for input files where the input files will be stored and how capturing will work 8 Restart the system one more time If continuous input is to be captured the applica tion will begin capturing after the restart The application also has a control panel where you can view the input from each camera You can open the control panel by using a shortcut the application installed on the desktop Read the user manual to find out how to use the software to control the video capture card If the card is receiving input from multiple security cameras each camera input is called a channel You can control how the input from each channel is recorded or captured For example you might set one channel to record all input and set others to only record at a scheduled time or when motion has been detected TROUBLESHOOTING MULTIMEDIA DEVICES This section covers some troubleshooting guidelines for optical drives other removable stor age devices and capture cards The A 220 702 Practical Application exam expects you to be a good PC troubleshooter and presents different troubleshooting scenarios for you to solve This section is good preparation for that
52. re Multimedia Peripherals 495 When selecting a tape drive consider how many and what type of cartridges the drive can use and how it interfaces with the computer The drive might be able to read from more types of cartridges than it can write to A tape drive can be external or internal An external tape drive costs more but can be used by more than one computer An internal tape drive can interface with a computer using a SCSI PATA or SATA connection An external tape drive can connect to a computer using a USB FireWire SCSI SAS or eSATA port For an interesting photo gallery of tape media see www BackupWorks com INSTALL AND CONFIGURE MULTIMEDIA PERIPHERALS If you enjoy multimedia on a PC you might have already downloaded pictures from your digital camera to your PC or installed a webcam to use with MSN Messenger or some other chat software This part of the chapter shows you how to do these things and much more The installations are usually very easy and straightforward So let s look at how to install a digital camera media reader and writer Web camera microphone and MIDI j O device INSTALLING DIGITAL CAMERAS Digital cameras can hold their images both in embedded memory that cannot be removed or exchanged and in removable flash memory cards Both these types of memory retain data without a battery Here are two ways to transfer images from your camera to the PC J gt N N P y O
53. s up files that have changed so as to save space on the external drive You will learn more about backups in Chapter 13 j O i b aie Manager My Drives Backup COL Occ V Backup Schedule A OneTouch 4 H Backup Plan Name OurBbackup Step 3 of 3 Select the days and time for scheduled backup Monday Tuesday Wednesday m at 10 00 PM Friday Saturday Sunday Figure 10 44 One window in the process of setting up a backup routine Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 510 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage INSTALLING A CAPTURE CARD A video capture card comes bundled with drivers and software to use the card As with all installations follow the specific directions of the device manufacturer Here are some general guidelines as given by one capture card manufacturer jd Uninstall all previous device drivers for capture cards or software to use a capture card 2 Install DirectX version 10 software that is bundled with the capture card 3 Install the capture card in an empty slot on the motherboard Specific instructions for how to install an adapter card can be found in Chapter 9 Don t forget to use your ground bracelet to protect the system against ESD 4 Start up the PC When the Found New Hardware Wizard launches cancel it 5 Insert the CD that contains the drivers and run the Setup exe program on the CD Follow instructions to install the drivers The Setup prog
54. skill PROBLEMS WITH OPTICAL DRIVES Use the following general guidelines when a CD DVD or Blu ray drive installation causes problems These guidelines are useful if your computer does not recognize the drive for example no drive D is listed in Windows Explorer 4 Check the data cable and power cord connections to the drive For an EIDE drive is the stripe on the data cable correctly aligned to pin 1 Look for an arrow or small 1 printed on the drive For a best guess pin 1 is usually next to the power connector Troubleshooting Multimedia Devices 511 4 For an EIDE drive is the correct master slave jumper set For example if both the hard drive and the CD or DVD drive are hooked to the same ribbon cable one must be set to master and the other to slave If the CD or DVD drive is the only drive connected to the cable then it should be set to single or master 4 For an EIDE drive is the IDE connection on the motherboard disabled in BIOS setup If so enable it 4 Using Device Manager verify that the drive and the IDE controller are recognized without errors and are enabled Rarely the drivers for the drive or controller might need updating To update the IDE controller drivers download the drivers from the motherboard manufacturer Web site For the optical drive install the drivers that came on CD with the drive 4 If you are using a SCSI drive are the proper IDs set Is the device terminated if it is the last device in t
55. t the system normally and watch for errors 4 Check the Web site of the card manufacturer for troubleshooting tips The site might offer forums blogs and chat sessions with technical support 4 Multimedia PCs and devices are designed to create and reproduce lifelike presentations of sight and sound 4 MP3 is a version of MPEG compression used for audio files 4 A TV tuner card turns your PC or notebook into a television A video capture card allows you to capture input from a camcorder or directly from TV Combo cards have both abilities 4 CDs DVDs and BDs are optical devices with data physically embedded into the surface of the disc Laser beams are used to read data off the disc by measuring light reflection 514 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage 4 CDs use the CDFS or UDF file systems DVDs use the UDF file system and BDs use the UDF version 2 5 file system 4 Optical discs can be recordable such as a CD R disc or rewriteable such as a DVD RW disc 4 Optical discs can use laser burned labels using LightScribe or Labelflash or labels can be printed on the top surface of a disc using an ink jet printer with this capability 4 Solid state storage devices include USB flash drives flash memory cards and solid state hard drives 4 Current types of flash memory cards include SDHC MicroSDHC MiniSDHC SD MiniSD Memory Stick PRO Duo Memory Stick Micro M2 MicroSD CompactFlash I and II and UDMA C
56. the Vista drivers The chipset is made by Intel so you go to the Intel Web site www intel com and search for Vista drivers for the chipset You find these drivers download them and install them but sound still does not work You conclude that the chipset drivers don t include audio You search the Internet for information about your motherboard and read on several PC support forums that others are having similar problems and have not been able to find Vista drivers On one forum you discover that the audio controller on your motherboard is made by C Media www c media com and the forum even gives the model number of the controller You search the C Media site but still don t find the drivers You make one last effort to find the drivers by searching reliable Web sites that offer drivers and help with Windows Some of these sites are listed in Table 10 10 Again you find XP drivers for your onboard audio but no Vista drivers As you search the Internet don t download and run free driver scanning software that offers to update your system automatically Too often this software is really spyware or adware You conclude that the Vista drivers don t exist and decide to purchase a new sound card with Vista drivers for your system Do the following to find Vista drivers for the sound on your home or lab computer 1 If your home or lab computer uses onboard sound identify the motherboard manufac turer If
57. unches and says it is playing the CD but you don t hear music What do you do first a Check the volume controls on the speaker amplifier b Check the connections of the amplifier and speakers to the card c Check Device Manager for errors with the sound card d Verify that the amplifier has power 2 You have just upgraded your computer from Windows XP to Windows Vista Now your system has no sound What are the first two things you do a Check Device Manager to see if the sound card is recognized and has no errors b Reinstall Windows XP c Use Device Manager to uninstall the sound card d Identify your sound card by opening the case and looking on the card for manufacturer and model e Identify your sound card by finding the documentation and driver CD that came with the card f Download Windows XP drivers for the sound card from the sound card manufacturer s Web site 516 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage 3 You have just installed a new DVD drive and its drivers under Windows XP The drive will read a CD but not a DVD You decide to reload the device drivers What is the first thing you do a Open the Control Panel and launch the Add New Hardware Wizard b Open Device Manager and choose Update Driver c Remove the data cable from the DVD drive so Windows will no longer recognize the drive and allow you to reinstall the drivers d Open Device Manager and uninstall the drive PROJECT 10 1
58. ut and output 4 USB to USB Newer instruments have a USB port to interface with a PC using MIDI data transmissions For example the keyboard shown in Figure 10 30 has a USB port and can output sound to a PC or receive standard MIDI files SMF to play 4 USB to MIDI A USB port on an instrument can also connect to MIDI ports on a computer sound card gt N N E d The A 220 701 Essentials exam expects you to know how to install and configure MIDI devices Figure 10 29 MIDI to USB cable lets you connect an electronic musical instrument to your PC Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning 500 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Figure 10 30 This keyboard by Yamaha has a USB port to be used as a MIDI interface Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Before connecting the instrument to your PC install the software that you intend to use to manage the music Then connect the instrument The software is likely to have a menu where you select the type of instrument you have connected You can then use the software to download music to your instrument or input digitized music from the instrument to the PC Some software can receive the music you compose and play on your instrument and produce a musical score that you can then edit and play back on the PC You can also download the edited music to this or another instrument Content on the A 220 701 Essentials exam ends here and content on the
59. ves are shown in Figure 10 16 Both Windows Vista and Windows XP have embed ded drivers to support flash drives To use one simply insert the device in a USB port It then shows in Windows Explorer as a drive with an assigned letter Most flash drives sold today use USB 2 0 speed Figure 10 16 USB flash drives come in a variety of styles and sizes Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Before you remove the flash drive from the PC double click the Safely Remove Hardware icon in the notification area see Figure 10 17 The Safely Remove Hardware box opens also shown in Figure 10 17 Select the device to remove and click Stop It is then safe to remove the device Several types of flash memory cards on the market today are shown and described in Table 10 8 These cards might be used in digital cameras cell phones MP3 players handheld Types of Memory Cards computers digital camcorders and other portable devices j gt N N E d 488 CHAPTER 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Me ea ee ee a a lt Virdi neii yaa Sgt Et pee a d i gig Te diri ben Par Ti ee ee VE Mass Storage Devoe a Pee SOURS Hue Soe ee O Safely Remove Hardware icon Figure 10 17 Safely Remove Hardware icon and dialog box Courtesy Course Technology Cengage Learning Current Flash Memory Devices Secure Digital HC SDHC cards follow SD 2 0 standards and hold from 4 GB to 32 GB HC stands for high capacity

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