Minimum Requirements For DVB-T2 Set-Top Boxes
Contents
1. L 5 10 Initial Channel SCaniieeieeses es sktessest sovisccsbinassdeainsensdsaisenassexssnessensivinssvnesssesadesseensterasoe E 6 Interfaces ccccdiscscescdsecesscscccdcccdcccesscebeccedcleaccssdccscdeccdecesssdcdeecedccescsesdcosse 22 6 1 ise Qr ORIS NNI D NIME 2 2 6 2 RF Output Connector oerte eer IS ere grep 2 2 6 3 Modulator Output ce M R 6 4 Antenna Output POWEF EU 22 6 5 Component Analogue Outputs ee ee ecce eee eee eee eene ee ense seen sees ense es en sees ss sees esee ss 22 6 7 Copy Protection on Outputs evccivccessssecsssssecscesessonsssveccacesuevovonntesvanessbeneseneevenesesvecesstenveese DO 6 8 Common Interf366 6 9 SCART Interface eene ON ISO 6 10 Summarised Table of the Audio and Video Interfaces 23 6 11 Data Interfaces and Interactivity e eere ecce ee ee eee eee eee eee sees es sees ss sees ss 24 7 Video amp Audio Decoding Requirement ccce ecce esee eee ee eene seen sese enseeeesseeees 205 TL Video Decodimg ini e ROO INIM TER o RR PME AM Walls Aspect c Td 25 7 1 2 Active Format Description AFD i e eei vt cde eta aan deside dti di uae duas 25 7 2 Audio D ecodimg Uganda Communications Commission 3 Pa ge 8 DVB T2. 91 3 91 8 90 3 90 8 88 9 89 4 87 6 88 0 86 5 86 9 85 7 86 1 85 2 85 6 86 0 86 4 84 2 84 6 82 9 83 3 81 3 81 8 80 3 80 7 79 7 80 1 82 0 82 5 79 7 80 1 78 2 78 6 76 2 76 6 74 7 75 2 73 9 74 4 256 QAM Uganda Communications Commission 28 ge DVB T2 STB must reach the minimum sensitivity values indicated in the table above for the individual modes The noise figure must be equal to 6 dB at the maximum in all frequency bands bands III IV and V 8 2 Maximum input signal DVB T2 STB must enable QEF reception for T2 signals up to the level of 35 dBm 8 3 STB decoder immunity to digital signals in other channels DVB T2 set top boxes must enable QEF reception in the presence of an interfering DVB T2 signal on a neighbouring mirror or other channel provided that the maximum admitted ratio between the interfering and useful signal I C shown in the table below is not exceeded Table 14 Minimum required I C for QEF reception with interfering DVB T2 signals Bandwidth Band MHz Minimum I C ratio dB adjacent channels other channels mirror channels TV band III 28 38 TV band IV 28 38 28 TV band V Uganda Communications Commission 28 38 28 29 Page REFERENCED STANDARDS All standards are subject to revi
3. AC to 12 V DC adapter in the case of a DC powered STB e An RF lead cable of at least 500mm with one male and one female connector at either end e A Composite CVBS and stereo audio RCA cable of 1m minimum length e Remote control unit complying with Section 5 5 together with AA or AAA sized batteries e An easy to understand user manual in English language in either paper or electronic form If an electronic user manual is provided there must be a quick installation guide and the electronic user manual must be viewable on the device e Provision of a coaxial cable or optical cable for digital audio is optional e Provision of an HDMI Cable is optional Uganda Communications Commission 8lPa ge 2 6 2 7 2 8 Power Supply Cord and Mains Plug The DVB T2 STB shall be fitted with a suitable and appropriate approved power supply cord and mains plug The power supply cord shall be certified as according to any of the following standards standards BS 6500 5 60227 5 6 IEC 60245 4 7 and any other international standards The main plug shall be certified as according to 13A fused plugs as per BS 1363 MS 589 Part 1 8 Processor and Memory The processing power and memory configuration of the DVB T2 STB must be suitable for the routine operation of digital Terrestrial reception together with the embedded operation of the interactive application and the provision of the routine replacement of all software via
4. The DVB T2 STB shall provide convenient user control for appropriate aspect ratio switching between 4 3 and 16 9 to adapt to display in different size and aspect ratio 7 1 2 Active Format Description AFD When AFD is used the DVB T2 STB shall present the video aspect ratio properly according to the current AFD value and response in next frame as defined in the ETSI EN 101 154 Annex B The DVB T2 STB shall support at least the Active Formats shown in Table 11 Table 11 Active format Active Format Aspect ratio of the area of interest Active format is the same as the coded 1000 frame 1001 Pillar box 4 3 centre 1010 Letter 16 9 centre Refer to Annex 5 for the illustration on the required outputs based on the AFD values specified 25 7 2 Audio Decoding The DVB T2 STBs must support decode sounds compressed e In accordance with the ETSI TS 101 154 14 i e MPEG 1 Audio Layer II with bit streams according to specification using sampling rates of 32 44 1 and 48 kHz and with support to the stereo joint stereo and mono modes e In accordance with the ISO IEC 14496 3 24 standard coding MPEG 4 HE AAC Support to multichannel surround audio in this format is also recommended e In the E AC 3 Dolby Digital Plus format including multichannel surround audio The equipment must enable transparent E AC 3 transmission via HDMI output and provide conversion from E AC 3 to
5. over air download The configurations should cater for DDRAM flash memory storage memory and CPU processor for the minimum baseline functions Maintenance amp Upgrade To allow for software changes the DVB T2 STBs must be upgradeable in a practical manner for example over the air download The process of upgrading should cause minimal disruption to the viewer However to minimise the diversity of deployed software builds and to most efficiently use the available broadcast capacity the DBV T2 STB must detect and act upon the broadcast of a relevant software download within 24 hours of its transmission commencing 2 8 1 Over Air Download e Support for the use of DVB SSU to at least the simple profile as defined in ETSI TS 102 006 9 is required The DVB T2 STBs shall be able to handle the presence of software downloads in any NIT referred carrier signal e The DVB T2 STBs shall be capable of automatic in otherwards not user initiated software upgrade by over air download with minimal interruption to the viewer e Manufacturers shall ensure that the DVB T2 STBs offered shall only respond to a unique OUI code This means that the DVB T2 STB offered shall not react to any other OUI from any other manufacturer nor react to any other OUI from the same company which relates to a different model STB e The default DVB SSU mode for DVB T2 STBs shall be with DVB SSU enabled e For Conformance testing manufacturers will be requi
6. 4 7 Responses to Network Changes 4 7 1 Addition of multiplex on a network When a multiplex is added to the network it shall make reference in the second loop of the NIT actual table The NIT actual and SDT actual and other version number shall be changed The DVB T2 STB shall recognise the change of version number of the NIT table and that a new transport stream id is present in the NIT actual 4 7 2 Addition or removal of service on a multiplex When a service has been added to a multiplex there shall be an update in the SDT actual for that multiplex which references the new service The DVB T2 STB shall consider a service to be removed from a multiplex if the service is not referenced in the SDT actual of that particular service A rescan of any or all the terrestrial multiplexes shall not be required for the DVB T2 STB to acknowledge the presence of a new service The DVB T2 STB shall process the SDT actual and EIT present following actual when tuning to a different multiplex or every 2 seconds as recommended by ETSI TR 101 211 11 When a new service is added or removed from a multiplex the DVB T2 STB may inform the user that a new service has been added or removed using an appropriate DVB T2 STB specific method e g a short screen pop up lasting not more than three 3 seconds 4 7 3 Transmission mode change In the event that there is any transmission mode changes the DVB T2 STB shall automatically perform update
7. AC 3 for S PDIF output As to multichannel audio the equipment must enable conversion to stereo audio L R and enable audio description 8 DVB T2 Performance Requirements 8 1 Minimum sensitivity DVB T2 The ETSI TS 102 831 25 technical specification DVB BlueBook A133 contains tables of minimum spacing between signal carrier and noise C N necessary to reach the required error rate level at a FEC frame length of 64800 bits Upon corrections taking into account the transmission mode used 32k the pilot carrier distribution pilot pattern PP2 and PP4 respectively the tolerance respecting the assumed practical implementation of the DVB T2 STB and the error rate roughly corresponding to QEF reception BER 1 x 107 after LDPC decoder these values of the minimum C N required for the individual modes of the T2 signal and the Gaussian channel are as indicated in the table below Table 12 Minimum C N for the individual modes of the T2 signal and the Gaussian channel Constellation Code rate Gaussian channel Gaussian channel C N dB for 32k PP2 C N dB for 32k PP4 1 2 3 5 3 1 3 5 4 7 4 3 2 3 5 6 5 2 QPSK m F 4 5 7 2 6 8 5 6 77 7 3 1 2 8 7 83 3 5 10 1 97 2 3 114 11 0 16 QAM 3H TE 4 5 13 3 12 9 5 6 13 8 13 4 64 QAM 1 2 13 0 12 6 Uganda Communications Commission 261P a ge 3 5 14 8 14 4 2 3 16 2 15 7 3 4 17 7 17 3
8. EPG organizer to access Next seven day programme guide with all information in above list It should be a practical and easy to use search function 5 2 3 Languages and Fonts The STB shall support the approved character coding for EPG and other labeling decoding and presentation Table 6 provides the format of the character coding details Table 6 Character coding details FonT Coded Character Set First byte In relation to the approved character coding the stakeholders shall revert to the Uganda Communications Commission UCC for further clarification 52 4 Parental Lock Feature The DVB T2 STB shall have parental lock capabilities to block television programme with a particular Classification Code from being shown unless the correct PIN code is entered by the user The DVB T2 STB must be able to identify the Classification Code that is applied to the television programme and shall allow user to set the rating that he she wants to block The Classification Codes are defined as follows e General G Suitable for all ages e Parental Guidance PG Suitable for all but parents should guide their young e Parental Guidance 13 PG13 Suitable for persons aged 13 and above but parental guidance is advised for children below 13 e No Children Under 16 NC16 Suitable for persons aged 16 and above e Mature 18 M18 Suitable for persons aged 18 and above and e Restricted 21 R21 Restricted
9. SDT SDTV SI SIT SISO S PDIF SSU ST STA STB TDT TOT TR TS Tu TV UHF USB VBI VHF WLAN Mega Hertz Multiple Input Single Output Motion Picture Experts Group Multiple Language Network Information Table Normal Mode Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing On Screen Display Organisation Unique Identifier Phase Alternating Line Program Association Table Peak to Average Power Ratio Packet Identifier Personal Identification Number Physical Layer Pipe Programme Map Table Pilot Pattern Programme Specific Information Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quasi Error Free Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Phono connector or cinch connector Remote Control Unit Radio Frequency Running Status Table Real Time Clock 21 pole connector for connecting audio video equipment Service Description Table Standard Definition Television Single Frequency Network Service Information Selection Information Table Single Input Single Output Sony Philips Digital Interface System Software Update Stuffing Table Common TV Antenna block distribution Set top Box Time and Date Table Time Offset Table Tone Reservation Technical Specification Useful symbol period Television Ultra High Frequency Universal Serial Bus Voltage Vertical Blanking Interval Very High Frequency Wireless Local Area Network Component video Uganda Communications Commission 61Pa ge 1 Introduction The document define
10. and Bandwidths eee ee ee eese eee esseeessseesss L 3 2 Maximum Frequency offset ce ee ecce eere eren ee ees eee sse encssesasesesaseeesssseessosess L 3 3 C UpciPAIID C HMTE id 3 4 Operation in Single frequency Network eere eee ee ee ene eese sees sseees ss 1 2 4 Service Information SD eee reisen eh eet Po oe oae eso LO ASL USE OF DY e sec RORI I 4 2 Sy ciduMlMInDq E 4 3 Optional and Unrecognised SI cere ecce ee eee eee eese sess asse esesesesesesesssesessssess 3 4 4 PSI SI and PID Update L3 4 5 Dynamic Response to PMT NIT and SDT Updates 13 4 6 Service Identification and Logical Channel Number LCN 14 4 6 1 Logical Channel Descriptor Simultaneous Version 1 amp 2 Transmissions 14 4 6 2 Listing of Broadcast eene enne nnne 14 4 7 Responses to Network Changes ccssssccsssssssssccssssscsssscssssscsssssssssecssssscssssescsssscess L5 4 7 1 Addition of multiplex on a network 15 4 7 2 Addition or removal of service on a multiplex eere 15 4 7 3 Transmission mode change is de e rto the ten SORS FC SERERE EY Re Lean Re esae Codend
11. and updating the guide should be transmitted within the transport data stream part reserved for the transmission of service information SI PSI e The DVB T2 STB must be able to process the EPG data flow at a rate of 1 Mbps It is governed by the EN 300 468 10 Standard and the TR 101 211 11 Recommendation and by the ISO IEC 13818 1 13 Standard and the ETSI TR 101 154 14 Recommendation e The graphic format and extent of the electronic programme guide are given by the STB s system software which must meet the conditions set out in the preceding sections including localisation for the national environment e The DVB T2 STB must mandatorily display the present following information immediately after switching the programme and at any time on request after pressing the relevant Info button to The overview of the planned programmes must be available for at least seven 7 days e The DVB T2 STB must display characters of the short event descriptor item which is responsible for displaying the name and short description of the programme 5 2 2 EPG Presentation EPG presentation shall include but not limited to the following e Service name e Programme title e Programme duration Elapsed duration optional Short description Long description extended text Present following now next event Uganda Communications Commission 181Pa ge e Current date time e Parental guidance information The DVB T2 STB shall provide an
12. to persons aged 21 and above 5 2 5 Parental Rating Display The parental rating information shall be displayed clearly as part of EPG The parental rating descriptor shall be transmitted and the full parental rating information shall be appended to the front of the programme title or programme description by the broadcaster Manufacturers can add additional displays of programme ratings but they must display the full rating information Uganda Communications Commission 19 ge 5 3 5 4 5 5 Multi Language Support The DVB T2 STB shall provide a mechanism for the selection of primary and secondary language options for both Subtitles and Audio selection The STB shall as a minimum interpret the language codes outlined in the table below Language ISO 639 3 Code English ENG Swahili SWH French FRA Original Audio QAA Multiple Languages MUL Original Audio is only applicable for Audio Multiple Languages is only applicable for Subtitle Teletext The DVB T2 STB should be able to demultiplex in parallel with the teletext service transmitted in a packetised format according to ETSI EN 300 472 15 The DVB T2 STB shall be able to display teletext service meeting the requirements for at least Level 1 5 Details of the presentation levels are provided in ETSI EN 300 706 16 Remote Control Unit RCU An RCU shall be bundled with the DVB T2 STB It should be simple and easy to use Basic functionality such as power vol
13. 2 Performance Requirements ccsccssssccssssscsssccssssscsssscssscssssssssssesssseeees 26 8 1 Minimum sensitivity DVB T2 4 ecce ee eee 26 8 2 Maximum input signal 29 8 3 STB decoder immunity to digital signals in other channels 29 REFERENCED STANDARDS e 30 ANNEX 1 Table of the TV RF channels and Channel Numbers s 32 ANNEX 2 Logical Channel Numbering eee eese eene eite seen setas etna sense setas a ae 33 ANNEX 3 List of Broadcast Descriptors ecce esee eene 35 ANNEX 4 Basic and Digital TV Function Keys 4 eee eeee ee ee eres ee eese tenete een eaae 36 ANNEX 5 AFD Illustration for Required TV Output Display 37 Uganda Communications Commission 41 ge Symbols and Acronyms AAC ACE AC 3 ASI AVC BAT BER CA CI CISPR CVBS C N CPU dB dBm DDRAM DIT DTT DVB DVB T DVB T2 E AC 3 EIT EPG ETSI FEC FTA FTT HbbTV HDCP HDMI HDTV HE AAC HEM IC ID IEC IEEE ISO ITU LCN LDPC mA mm ms mV Advanced Audio Coding Active Constellation Extension Audio Compression 3 Asynchronous Serial Interface Advanced Video Coding Bouquet Association Table Bit Err
14. 4 5 18 7 18 3 5 6 19 4 18 9 1 2 17 0 16 5 3 5 19 4 18 9 2 3 20 8 20 4 3 4 22 9 22 4 4 5 24 3 23 8 5 6 25 1 24 6 From the indicated minimum C N values necessary to provide QEF reception it is possible using a simple calculation to derive the minimum necessary levels of the T2 signal at the receiving equipment s input or the minimum sensitivities for the individual mode combinations Uganda Communications Commission 27 ge The calculations used P 10 log KToB 30 Psmin Pa C N where noise bandwidth of the DVB T2 STB Hz C N minimum spacing between signal and noise required by the system dB noise number of the DVB T2 STB dB P input noise performance of the DVB T2 STB dBm Psmin minimum signal performance at DVB T2 STB input dBm k Boltzmann s constant 1 38 x 10 23 Ws K To absolute temperature 290 The minimum levels necessary for QEF reception for the individual T2 signal modes are indicated in the table 13 below The values are indicated for the bandwidth of B 7 77 MHz corresponding to the 8 MHz channel and for DVB T2 STB noise figure F 6 dB Table 13 The minimum levels necessary for QEF reception for the individual T2 signal modes Gaussian channel Gaussian channel Constellation Code rate min sensitivity dBm for min sensitivity dBm for 32k PP2 32k PP4 1 2 95 5 96 0 3 5 94 3 94 8 2 3 93 4 93 9 92 4 92 9 91 8 92 3
15. 70 606 8 UHF V 606 694 8 Note For solving certain specific issues related to the reception of the DVB T2 terrestrial digital television broadcasting through a STA common antenna it is an advantage if the STB is also capable to receive on the channels of TV band with a channel width of 8 MHz According the channel Band plan it is 7M Hz Annex 1 provides details of the TV RF channels and channel numbers Maximum Frequency offset The DVB T2 STB should be able to receive signals with an offset of up to 1 6MHz 166 KHz from the nominal frequency Operating Modes The DVB T2 STB shall be able to demodulate all non hierarchical modes specified in the ETSI EN 302 755 1 The frontend shall work compatibly with any combination of constellation QPSK 16 QAM64 QAM 256 QAM code rate 4 3 5 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 guard interval 1 4 1 8 1 16 1 32 1 128 19 128 19 256 and transmission mode 1K 2K 4K 8K 16K 32K Normal Mode 8K extended 16K extended 32K extended The DVB T2 STB should be able to detect which DVB T2 mode is being used The DVB T2 parameters or modes are outlined in Table 2 below Table 2 DVB T2 Operational Modes DVB T2 Parameter Mode requirement Constellation QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM 256QAM With or without Constellation rotation Code Rate 1 2 3 5 2 3 3 4 4 5 or 5 6 Guard Interval Tu 128 Tv 32 Tu 16 Tu 19 256 Tu 8 Tu 19 128 or Tu 4 Transmission Mo
16. EN 50157 2 1 1999 Domestic and similar electronic equipment interconnection requirements AV link Signal quality matching and automatic selection of source devices ETSI EN 102 796 v1 2 1 2011 12 Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV ETSI TS 102 809 v1 1 1 2001 10 Signalling and carriage of interactive applications and services in hybrid broadcast broadband environments ITU T Rec H 264 2003 12 Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services ISO IEC 14496 28 2012 Information technology Coding of audio visual objects Part 28 Composite font representation ETS EN 102 831 V1 2 1 2008 12 Implementation guidelines for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system DVB T2 Uganda Communications Commission 3llPa ge ANNEX 1 Table of the TV RF channels and Channel Numbers TV Band III TV Band III TV Band IV V Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth 7 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz Channel iod Channel bos Channel ers 5 177 5 6 178 21 474 6 184 5 7 186 22 482 7 191 5 8 194 23 490 8 198 5 9 202 24 498 9 205 5 10 210 25 506 10 212 5 11 218 26 514 11 219 5 12 226 27 522 12 226 5 28 530 29 538 30 546 31 554 32 562 33 570 34 578 35 586 36 594 37 602 38 610 39 618 40 626 41 634 42 642 43 650 44 658 45 666 46 674 47 682 48 690 Frequency in the centre of the channel s frequency range Uganda Communications Co
17. February 2014 UGANDA COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DVB T2 SET TOP BOXES Table of Content Symbols and ACronyinS e RE 1 eese eroe oe el es Code deed eese suse Cuda 7 LI Definitions 2 General Requirements eeee ecce ee ee ee eo eese eo se D 2 1 Electromagnetic compatibility equipment security EMC compatibility 8 ZZ POWER SUP pl M 2 3 Identification of the equipment 44 eere eere eee ee eee eese sese eese eese sese sese eese sees soos D pr a i D 2 5 90 DER 2 6 Power Supply Cord and Mains Plug ccsccsssscssssscssssscssssccssssccsssccsssssscssssssssssssosses 9 2 1 Processor and MEMORY desk ke devi gt 2 8 Maintenance amp Upgrade D 2 8 1 Over Air Dovod a R 9 2 8 2 User Software Uperade sii 10 29 Front Panel F at res i lee eee ea ee eo eene eoo aeo e eoo oae euo eo ea eco sdssocssuccdcsscesesessscseccsdssssssseee LO 3 Front end Characteristics 5 ce peau acte esso se LI 3 1 Radio Frequencies
18. Output Power The DVB T2 STB may provide 5V DC output for the active antenna power supply If it is provided the 5V DC shall be able to be turned on off 6 5 Component Analogue Outputs The DVB T2 STB may provide component analogue output YPpPr 6 6 HDMI The DVB T2 STB shall provide HDMI interface for digital video and audio output HDMI interface must comply with the specification of HDMI release 1 3 or higher releases Uganda Communications Commission 22 1Pa ge 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 The HDMI profile used by the STB shall be able to at least output the highest resolution supported by the STB Copy Protection on Outputs The DVB T2 STB that has the HDMI interface above shall provide High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP on the HDMI output for all output resolutions Common Interface A common interface slot is optional for FTA STBs All pay TV DVB T2 STB shall incorporate a DVB CI Common Interface slot This slot shall be a certified slot as outlined in specification V1 3 18 meeting all the required robustness rules SCART Interface The configuration of the SCART interface must be in compliance with the EN 50049 1 19 Standard and in certain cases also EN 50157 2 1 20 Standard Presence of another SCART interface enabling connection of external equipment 15 recommended for the DVB T2 STBs Summarised Table of the Audio and Video Interfaces The tables below show an overview of A V inputs outpu
19. T Pa ge 2 General Requirements 2 1 Electromagnetic compatibility equipment security EMC compatibility The DVB T2 STB shall comply with 5 3 5 6 and 5 7 of ISO IEC CISPR 13 2 or equivalent based on ISO IEC CISPR 22 3 2 20 Power Supply The DVB T2 STB may be AC powered or DC powered For AC powered IDTV it shall be equipped for power supply from the 230 V 10 50 Hz 2 mains Where external power supply is used e g AC adaptor it shall not affect the capability of the IDTV to meet the rest of the minimum specifications For DC powered STB it shall be capable of operating over a voltage range of 10 8 V to 14 4 V DC with a socket for connection to a 12 V DC source Both protection against over under voltage and reversed polarity shall be incorporated 2 3 Identification of the equipment The DVB T2 STB shall be marked with the supplier or manufacturer s name or identification mark and the supplier or manufacturer s model or type reference In addition the DVB T2 STB should be marked with the UCC certification mark to indicate to the public that the STBs meet the required technical specifications The markings required shall be legible indelible and readily visible 2 4 Safety Requirements The DVB T2 STB shall be tested for compliance with the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 60065 4 safety standards 2 5 Support Package The following peripheral items should be included in the package e A 230
20. able fused plugs ETSI TS 102 006 v1 3 2 2008 07 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Specification for System Software Update in DVB Systems ETSI EN 300 468 v1 13 1 2012 04 Digital Video Broadcasting DV B Specification for Service Information SI in DVB systems ETSI TR 101 211 v1 9 1 2009 06 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information SI ETSI EN 300 743 v1 4 1 2010 11 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Subtitling systems ISO IEC 13818 1 Information technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information systems ETSI TR 101 154 V1 11 1 2012 11 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG 2 Transport Stream ETSI EN 300 472 v1 3 1 2003 05 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Specification for Conveying ITU R System B Teletext in DVB bitstreams ETSI EN 300 706 v1 2 1 2003 04 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Enhanced Teletext Specification Uganda Communications Commission 301P a ge 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 IEC 60169 Radio frequency connectors Part 2 Coaxial unmatched connectors CI Plus specification V1 3 2011 01 CI Plus Specification Content Security Extensions to the Common Interface EN 50049 1 1997 Domestic and similar electronic equipment interconnection requirements Peri television connector
21. b The range of regions must cover at least four lines of subtitles in one picture The total number of processed points in one picture must be 112 960 points in the SD service and 457 440 points in the HD service At least one line must be extensible to 706 40 points in the SD service and to 1 906 60 points in the HD service At least 128 objects must be processed d At least one CLUT table must be supported with 16 items for each region The use of the non_modifying_colour flag is optional At least five transparency levels must be implemented 0 30 50 70 and 100 The remaining values may be rounded to the nearest implemented levels f The receiving equipment must be able to process at least one DVB subtitle stream As to teletext subtitles the STB may either decode them and display them directly or may ensure that teletext is inserted in the vertical blanking impulse VBI only on the SCART RCA interfaces 5 1 2 Multiple Subtitling Language The DVB T2 STB should be able to handle multiple subtitling streams within the same service and the correspondent PSI SI information like languages descriptors The STB should provide convenient user control for enabling disabling displaying and to select primary and secondary subtitling languages In case of subtitling is set to ON and the subtitle streams do not match any of the settings of preferred languages the DVB T2 STB shall select the first subtitle stream si
22. de 1k 2k 4k 8k normal 8k extended 16k normal 16k FTT Size extended 32k normal or 32k extended Pilot Pattern PP PP1 PP2 PP3 PP4 5 PP6 or PP7 Antenna SISO MISO Signaling format for Peak L1 ACE is used and TR is used on P2 symbols only Average Power Ratio PAPR LI ACE and ACE only are used reduction L1 ACE and TR only are used or L1 ACE ACE and TR are used Uganda Communications Commission 111Pa ge Forward Error Correction 64 800 bits for normal FECFRAME frame length FEC 16 200 bits for short FECFRAME Input Mode A Single PLP or B Multiple PLP Mode Adaptation Normal Mode NM High Efficiency Mode HEM Scrambling of 11 Post Feature shall be supported by the DVB T2 STB signaling L1_POST_SCRAMBLED 3 4 Operation in Single frequency Network The DVB T2 STB should be able to operate in SFN with echo signals within the guard interval When the DVB T2 STB tunes to a mix of two signals from a SFN where the received signals are close in amplitude it is recommended that the DVB T2 STB should be able to select the better signal Uganda Communications Commission 12 Pa ge 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 Service Information SI The DVB T2 STB must be able to process the necessary SI transmitted within individual DVB T2 transport data streams so that its proper function is secured and the end user is able to make full use of the services provided The processing of the SI is gov
23. edvene 15 4 8 Summary of SI transmitted and received in the DVB T2 system 15 Uganda Communications Commission 2 Pa ge 5 SERVICES RR E DRE LT 5 1 Subtitli 17 5 1 1 Specification for SUDUUING soo eie e eau de ipi e eae 17 3 1 2 Multiple Subtitling Language oe peer udo otia 17 5 1 3 Support for Hearing Impaired ede DEP AERE 18 5 2 Electronic Programme Guide EPQG ccce ecce eee eee eee ee ee ee eese eee sees ssseesss LS 3 2 1 Specification Tor 18 522 EPG Pre SOM EAI OM 18 5 2 3 Languages and FOnts 19 5 2 4 Parental Lock IS Ata 19 5 2 5 Parental Ratne Bele a 19 5 3 Multi Language Support cccsescscscscssesosssonesvenesesvonssssevsseesesvevesostenasssvecessocnsovseesessonssontivsens 20 LR Teletext ES 5 5 Remote Control Unit RCU eee e eese ee eese een sees sese sassss esee esee sese sessseseeees 23 9 ReHabtlity season E Dr en o Cm 20 5 54 Channel ENY scopo en E nee EC ke aM TOE MASE t Dei AE E 21 5 6 Signal Strength and Quality Bar ccce eee eene sees eee enseeessseeessseeess ZL A7 Service Unavallablility dfi uer icit i eat 5 8 Listing of All Available Services eee e ceres ee enseeeesseeessseesss ZL 5 9 First time Power
24. ems Uganda Communications Commission 35 Pa ge ANNEX 4 Basic and Digital TV Function Keys The DVB T2 equivalent a b 9 DVB T2 equivalent b d STB remote control shall include following keys for basic TV functionality or Power on off on off turn the DVB T2 STB on and off Programme up down P P switch between programmes Volume up down V V adjust the volume output level Subtitle option Subt option display the subtitle or select other user selectable options e g change subtitling language if several available audio language track if several available video aspect ratio output format etc Info Info display additional information if available STB remote control shall include the following keys for digital TV functions or A navigation or pointing system for navigation on the OSD OK OK a function that selects or confirms current choice or statement Multifunctional keys four color coded keys for non dedicated functions The colors shall be red green yellow and blue Text Text This function displays the Teletext as defined in this Specification Guide EPG Guide This function displays an Electronic Programme Guide Uganda Communications Commission 36 ge ANNEX 5 AFD Illustration for Required TV Output Display This is extracted from IDA MDA TS DVB T2 IRD Issue 1 Rev 1 March 2013 Uganda Communications Commi
25. erned by the conditions and rules set out in the EN 300 468 10 Standard Use of DVB SI The DVB T2 STB shall be able to decode the SI data in the Transport Stream bit streams which provides users with information to select services so that the DVB T2 STB can automatically configure itself for the selected service The DVB T2 STB shall comply with the implementation guidelines outlined in the ETSI TR 101 211 11 for the use of DVB SI as specified in the ETSI EN 300 468 10 The SI table mechanism syntax and semantics and minimally the Service Description Table SDT the Event Information Table EIT and the Time and Date Table TDT should be supported System Timing The DVB T2 STB should be able to make use of TDT for the device system time or Real Time Clock RTC setting Optional and Unrecognised SI For DVB T2 STB with recording features it is recommended that Selection Information Table SIT be supported for partial transport stream selection and recording Support of Bouquet Association Table BAT Stuffing Table ST and Data Information Table DIT is optional The DVB T2 STB should ignore any incomprehensive SI or tables The DVB T2 STB should discard any PSI SI signals if it is unrecognised or not supported PSI SI and PID Update The DVB T2 STB should be able to monitor and update all PSI with shorter than 100 ms interval and all SI with less than 1000 ms interval The DVB T2 STB should update PSI SI information in me
26. gnaled in the elementary stream loop of the PMT The recommended factory default setting The default setting on the STB for subtitling set to ON The primary preferred language set to Multiple Languages MUL The secondary preferred language set to Multiple Languages MUL Uganda Communications Commission 171Pa ge 5 1 3 Support for Hearing Impaired The DVB T2 STB should be capable of displaying subtitles for the hearing impaired The STB should be capable of overlaying the subtitle text on the picture The subtitles for the hearing impaired may differ from the normal subtitles by the amount of text displayed per second which is controlled by the broadcasted content When enabled subtitles will automatically be displayed When disabled the decoder shall allow manual selection from the available list of broadcasted subtitle services 5 2 Electronic Programme Guide EPG 5 2 1 Specification for EPG The DVB T2 STB shall decode full EIT information with capability to display Present Following or Now Next and schedule EPG information in accordance with guidelines given in ETSI TR 101 211 11 and requirements defined in ETSI EN 300 468 10 The STB shall also be able to continue to operate in the absence of EIT transmission e The DVB T2 STB must provide users with a navigation function through the OSD interface to guide them through the environment of the services provided The data necessary for preparing
27. io and interactive services will be assigned a three digit LCN The RCU shall be configured for three digit LCN operation Signal Strength and Quality Bar The DVB T2 STB shall be able to display both signal strength and quality BER level This will aid the user in setting up indoor antenna to ensure best reception position or identifying other reception problems Service Unavailability In the event of service unavailable poor or no RF signal the DVB T2 STB shall display an on screen message Listing of All Available Services The DVB T2 STB shall provide a listing of all available services after scanning First time Power Up Upon powering up for the first time the DVB T2 STB shall initiate the following process a Set OSD language Default English b Set active antenna power if available Default Off c Prompt tuning scanning for all available services and d Set other configurations user data preferences and others Initial Channel Scan The tuning scan process should be manually initiated to prevent scanning before the antenna is connected The DVB T2 STB shall do a full scan of all available services in all the TV broadcast bands starting with VHF TV Band III to UHF TV Band IV and V The DVB T2 STB s scan process shall include all possible combinations of OFDM parameters until the transmission parameters are found Uganda Communications Commission 211Pa ge 6 Interfaces and Connectors 6 1 Inpu
28. lect an absent service with unpredictable results For the broadcaster 1 The service list can be efficiently maintained without the need to reserve waste valuable data bandwidth to maintain absent empty services Without an organised system of user readable programme numbering 1 A broadcaster has no control over the order and priority of the transmitted services 2 AnSTB could assign numbers as it finds them either during the initial set up and tuning process or in the process of finding new services A 2 2 Examples of Broadcast Services Each broadcast station may offer several types of service including e main service presumably the SD service A HDTV service Multiple SD programme channels Multi view SD channels Digital radio services Interactive television Data broadcasting Enhancement information services Uganda Communications Commission 331Pa ge A 2 3 Example of Channel Numbering Range for LCN channels 001 009 Free To Air Local Programming Channels 010 099 Free To Air Regional East African and other African channels Free to Air International Programming channels 100 999 Subscription Pay to View Programming Channels Digital radio Audio services Data Services A 2 4 Example of Channel Numbering Range for FTA channels 001 005 Free to Air Public Broadcaster MUX programming 010 030 Free to Air Incumbent analogue broadcasters 035 055 Free to air Regional East Africa and othe
29. mmission 32 Page ANNEX 2 Logical Channel Numbering A 2 1 Important Notes on Logical Channel Numbering LCNs can range from 1 to 999 In order to provide some recognised order to the various programme choices a scheme has been devised which allows services to be selected from 1 a single button push 1 to 9 2 adouble button push 10 to 99 3 atrple button push 100 to 999 The possibility of large numbers of services requires DVB T2 STBs to expect up to 3 numbers entered via remote control to select the LCN of a programme service This means that the STB s remote control interface will need to have inbuilt hysteresis allowing enough time to capture a single double or triple digit entry In the DTT implementation of the Logical Channel Number descriptor a service can be identified by more than one logical channel This allows Logical Channel place markers to be present all the time pointing to virtual services with no additional data bandwidth overhead providing the broadcaster with the ability to dynamically re assign the logical channel number of an intermittent or absent service to another service that is currently present even though that service already has an existing LCN allocated to it The implementation of the Logical Channel Number is of benefit to both the broadcaster and the viewer For the viewer 1 A familiar menu of numbered service listings is maintained and 2 The DVB T2 STB will not attempt to se
30. mory whenever any update or modification happens on a real time basis The DVB T2 STB should be able to take prompt action with changes or modifications on the parameters of transmissions networks and services Dynamic Response to PAT PMT NIT and SDT Updates The DVB T2 STB shall be capable of identifying changes or new services in the current channel multiplex And respond to these changes in real time Changes may occur in particular e when a new programme is added to the transport flow e when the transmission of a certain programme is terminated e during regular exchange of programmes within the daily or weekly cycle e when switching between the regional programme versions Uganda Communications Commission 131Pa ge 4 6 e when language versions are added or removed e when subtitles are added e when the transmission frequency is changed as planned NIT table e when other data services are added such as SSU The number of the changed table s version is incremented with each change Service Identification and Logical Channel Number LCN The DVB T2 STB should be able to automatically scan through the whole frequency range available for each of the available Tuners Demodulators and tune in to the correct DVB framing structure channel coding and modulation to deliver the incoming transport stream to the next units The tuning data shall be stored to allow a quick tune in to the selected transport stream The DVB T2 STB sh
31. nterface must not be modified by decoding or removing this protection When any of the interfaces Ethernet WLAN is used as a back channel it is recommended as a platform for the provision of interactive services to use the HbbTV system implemented in accordance with the current versions of the technical specifications of ETSI TS 102 796 21 Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV and ETSI TS 102 809 22 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Signalling and carriage of interactive applications and services in Hybrid broadcast broadband environments Uganda Communications Commission 24 Pa ge 7 Video amp Audio Decoding Requirement 7 1 Uganda Communications Commission Video Decoding The DVB T2 STB shall be able to decode video formats as specified below for SDTV and HDTV based on the ITU T Recommendation H 264 23 or ISO 14496 10 24 1 Standard Definition SDTV e Main Profile Level 3 e Frame frequency 25 Hz e Image format Aspect Ratio 4 3 16 9 e Definition 720 704 544 480 point x 576 lines 2 High Definition HDTV e High Profile Level 4 e Frame frequency 25 and 50Hz see the table below e Image format Aspect Ratio 16 9 e Formats supported at least by details in Table 10 below Table 10 Details based on ITU T R H 264 or ISO IEC 14496 10 Vertical size Horizontal size Frame rate Progressive Interlaced 1080 1920 25 I 1080 1440 25 1 720 1280 50 P 7 1 1 Aspect Ratio
32. or Rate Conditional Access Common Interface Common Interface Plus Special International Committee on Radio Interference Composite Video Broadcast Signal Carrier to Noise signal ratio Central Processing Unit Decibel Decibel Millie Watt Double Data Random Access Memory Data Information Table Digital Terrestrial Television Digital Video Broadcasting System defined by the ETSI EN 300 744 standard for providing terrestrial digital broadcasting Second generation system defined by the EN 302 755 standard for providing terrestrial digital broadcasting Enhanced Audio Compression 3 Event Information Table Electronic Programme Guide European Telecommunication Standards Institute Forward Error Correction Free To Air Fast Fourier Transforms Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV High bandwidth Digital Content Protection High Definition Multimedia Interface High Definition Television High Efficiency AAC High Efficiency Mode Interference to Carrier signal ratio Identification International Electro Technical Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Organisation for Standardisation International Telecommunication Union Logical Channel Numbers Low Density Parity Check Milliamps millimetres milliseconds millivolts Uganda Communications Commission 5 Pa ge MHz MISO MPEG MUL NIT NM OFDM OSD OUI PAL PAT PAPR PID PIN PLP PMT PP PSI QAM QEF QPSK RCA RCU RF RST RTC SCART
33. ould support LCN by using descriptor with tag value is 0x83 Version 1 and 0x87 Version 2 A 2 1 of Annex 2 provides important notes on logical channel numbering All services should be sorted listed and managed accordingly with assigned LCN A 2 2 o0f Annex 2 lists some of the broadcast services In case duplicated and conflicted LCNs are found they should be given to services with better signal quality other services shall be arranged to reserved LCN range Broadcasters will be assigned with the logical channel numbering LCN range for terrestrial FTA channels to facilitate easy access to these channels A 2 3 and A 2 4 of Annex 2 provides examples of logical channel numbers for various programmes and channel numbering range for FTA channels The following DVB identifiers shall be used for digital terrestrial transmission Private Data Specifier and Original Network ID For details of the DVB identifiers the stakeholders shall revert to Uganda Communications Commission for further clarification 4 6 1 Logical Channel Descriptor Simultaneous Version 1 amp 2 Transmissions When both the Logical Channel Descriptor version 1 and version 2 are broadcasted within one Original network ID the DVB T2 STB supporting both descriptors shall only sort according to the version 2 higher priority 4 6 2 Listing of Broadcast Descriptors The list of broadcast descriptors is attached in Annex 3 Uganda Communications Commission 141 ge
34. r parts of Africa programming 060 070 Free to air International Programming Channels Uganda Communications Commission 34 Pa ge ANNEX 3 List of Broadcast Descriptors Laff eor er Lor nr broadcasting network name descriptor owo Tf T2 delivery system descriptor ext st desertor logical channel oes private data speciior descriptor or _ sevice descriptor mutiingual service name descriptor os component descriptor os S short event descriptor oup J l extended event descriptor owe ime offset descriptor os iso 639 language descriptor ooa stream enfer descriptor ose Lcsdecpr subtting descriptor os teletext descriptor 1 os video stream descriptor audio stream descriptor content descriptor parental rating descriptor sS __ EM Enhanced ACadmepo owa descriptor oe inkage descriptor wa Data broadcast id descriptor ose l gt Note The list is not exhaustive it shows the typical descriptors that may be broadcast by terrestrial broadcasters This is extracted from ETSI EN 300 468 Digital Video Broadcasting DVB Specification for Service Information SI in DVB syst
35. red to deliver two ASI transport streams containing relevant converted binary image files Uganda Communications Commission 9 ge together with all relevant NIT and PMT data necessary for their DVB T2 STB to properly undergo a successful DVB SSU operation One stream will replace the software in the DVB T2 STB as demonstrated by a new version number or some other visible indicator the other will restore the DVB T2 STB to its then current configuration 2 8 2 User Software Upgrade The DVB T2 STB may provide one or more of the following data interfaces to enable the user to perform software upgrades e Universal Serial Bus USB e RJ 45 Ethernet IEEE802 3 e Appropriate Memory Card 2 9 Front Panel Features The front panel of the DVB T2 STB should have the following buttons a Power button To turn the STB on and off b Programme button CH and CH To scroll up and down thriugh the channels c Volume button V and V To adjust the volume output level Uganda Communications Commission 101 ge 3 2 3 3 Front end Characteristics Radio Frequencies and Bandwidths The DVB T2 STBs must be able to receive on all channels of TV band III 174 230MHz at a channel bandwidth of 7MHz and on all channels of TV band IV and V 470 694 MHz at a channel width of 8 MHz as shown in Table 1 Table 1 Mandatory Frequency Bands BAND FREQUENCY RANGE MHZ SIGNAL BAND WIDTH MHZ VHF III 174 230 7 UHFIV 4
36. s the revised minimum technical requirements for DVB T2 MPEG 4 Digital Set Top Boxes STBs for use with the DTT networks The requirements are established to enable equipment manufacturers and or suppliers to bring into Uganda STBs that will provide good indoor reception of digital terrestrial transmission signals The requirements cover both Free To Air FTA and Pay TV services In this document all requirements are mandatory Where the phrase may is used on a specific requirement the requirement is recommended In the case of where a specific feature is silent in the document the feature is regarded as being optional The inclusion of optional features can be seen as part of the marketing strategy of the manufacturer 1 1 Definitions For the purpose of this document the following definitions apply a Digital Terrestrial Television Terrestrial delivery of digital transmissions in the UHF VHF frequency bands using the DVB T2 standard as set out in ETSI EN 302 755 1 b Free to Air Service which is broadcast and capable of being received without payment of subscription fees c Multiplex A group of digital terrestrial television DTT channels that are combined together into one output signal for broadcast d Set Top Box A stand alone device that converts a DVB T signal to analogue video and audio signals for presentation on a television receiver or other suitable display device Uganda Communications Commission T7
37. sion and since any reference to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ETSI EN 302 755 v1 3 1 2012 04 Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system DVB T2 IEC CISPR 13 Jun 2009 Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment Radio disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement IEC CISPR 22 Sept 2008 Information Technology equipment Radio disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement IEC 60065 Feb 2011 Audio video and similar electronic apparatus Safety Requirements BS 6500 British Standard which specifies the requirements for flexible cables with voltage ratings up to 300V 500V used in appliances and equipment intended for domestic office or similar environments IEC 60227 5 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450 750 V Part 5 Flexible cables cords IEC 60245 4 Edition 2 2 2004 Rubber insulated cables Rated voltages up to and including 450 750 V Part 4 Cords and flexible cables BS1363 MS589 Specification for rewirable and non rewir
38. ssion 37 Pa ge
39. t Connector The connector at the input of the DVB T2 STB must be of the IEC female type with an impedance of 75 according to the IEC 60169 2 17 recommendation The input connector may provide input for connecting an active antenna and in such case it must meet the following parameters Table 7 Required parameters for input connector 5 V the positive conductor being the central wire Minimum 30 mA short circuit protected ON OFF from the STB s user interface 6 2 RF Output Connector The DVB T2 STB should provide a connector with a loop through of input RF signal a The connector shall be of type IEC male in accordance with IEC 60169 part 2 17 b The frequency range for the RF loop through should cover VHF and UHF frequencies given in Annex 1 The RF loop through signal shall be present independently from the status of the DVB T2 STB operational or standby such that the connected equipment e g set can operate even if the device is in standby mode d When the RF bypass gain is disabled the maximum RF bypass gain should be 4dB and when the RF bypass gain is enabled the RF bypass gain should be from 1 dB to 3 dB 6 3 Modulator output The DVB T2 STB should provide a re modulated output for use with a PAL TV receiver If so the output must be tunable to any of the channels listed in VHF and UHF Bands as indicated in Annex 1 The peak signal level should be 3 mV nominal across 75 ohm 39 dBm 6 4 Antenna
40. to capture these changes without disruption to the viewer 4 8 Summary of SI transmitted and received in the DVB T2 system Data contained in the transmitted transport streams intended for processing in DVB T2 STB are listed in Table 5 Table 5 DVB T2 service information that is transmitted Table Actual Programme association table PAT M m Programme map table PMT M m Conditional access table CAT C m Network information table NIT M m Service description table SDT M m Event information table EIT present following M m Event information table EIT schedule R m Time and date table TDT M m Time offset table TOT R m Uganda Communications Commission 15 ge Running status table RST R Key M mandatorily transmitted m mandatorily interpreted in the STB C transmitted under certain conditions e g in the case of paid services R recommended to be transmitted Uganda Communications Commission 161 ge 5 5 1 Services Subtitling 5 1 1 Specification for Subtitling The DVB T2 STB shall support DVB subtitling in accordance with ETSI EN 300 743 12 and displayed using the On Screen Display OSD capabilities while decoding the full television service video and audio The subtitle object code shall be handled as pixels bitmap Support to at least certain characteristics is required a At least objects of type 0x00 must be drawn up basic bit map
41. ts to be available in the receiving equipment of each category Table 8 A V Inputs Outputs VIDEO DVB T2 STB input N A UON output R input N A RCA composite output M input N A RCA component YPbPr output R HDMI input N A output M Input N A E Output M AUDIO DVB T2 STB input N A EART output R input N A RCA stereo L R output M input N A S PDIF M HDMI input N A output M Headphone output 35 fn jack P output N A M Mandatory O Optional R Recommended N A Not Applicable Uganda Communications Commission 23 ge 6 11 Data Interfaces and Interactivity The DVB T2 STB may be furnished with any of the interfaces indicated below intended for data transmission Table 9 Data Interface Data Interface Prevailing Use STB RS 232C SEES e g Tor equipment R firmware updating servicing e g for equipment USB updating for content R playing recording from to external storage device Ethernet under IEEE 802 3 at d back channel internet access R WLAN under IEEE 802 11 b g back channel internet access O O Optional R Recommended If any data interface is used for recording the received content to an external storage medium the protection if any against unauthorised access must also be maintained in the data provided at such an interface i e the data at this i
42. ume control and numerical number 0 9 shall be placed on prominent locations on the remote control Colour coded multifunctional buttons shall be included to enhance user experience and ease the navigation on the STBs The DVB T2 STB s remote control interface will need to have inbuilt hysteresis allowing enough time to capture a single double or triple digit entry This is to cater for the possibility of large numbers of services thus requiring the TV receivers to expect up to three 3 numbers entered via remote control to select the LCN of a programme service The list of basic and digital TV function keys is attached in Annex 4 It is recommended that manufacturers make available alternative Remote Control Units for those with impaired vision or impaired manual dexterity e g over sized keys and character fonts shaped keys 5 5 1 Reliability a Robustness The RCU shall be designed to withstand frequent usage with a robust case that is resistant to damage from being dropped onto hard surfaces or sat upon b Environmental The RCU shall be designed to work in the same environmental conditions i e ambient temperature and humidity as specified for the STB decoder c Key life Uganda Communications Commission 201P a ge 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 The design of the key mechanism shall be such as to provide a minimum of five 5 years operation under normal expected usage 5 5 2 Channel Entry All television rad
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