DNOS User Manual
Contents
1. 11 0Introduction DNOS V1 1 is a Dragon Network Operating System providing many of the features found on a DragonDOS compatible disk system It enables a number of Dragons 32 or 64 to be linked together to share resources found on one of the machines namely disks and optionally a printer The system provides a set of DOS equivalent commands on each network station as if you were using a single disk based machine This manual provides information on how to set up and use the system and a summary of the commands with any differences between them and those found on a standard DOS In addition to emulating DOS remotely it also provides the facility for network printing and allows almost unlimited expansion of the system An example is shown in Annex 5 DCHAT BIN 11 1How It Works Each Dragon required on the network is equipped with a network card comprising of the operating system on EPROM and the serial hardware for more details refer to the Hardware Setup Manual with the exception of one machine This will be the DOS based machine and therefore will not have an EPROM on the card the software is based on disk It is this machine termed the File Server which will effectively run the network All the Dragons are linked together via cables and talk to the file server Information is passed over the cables to and from the disks on the file server machine to the Dragon network stations when requested 12 0Setting U2. See also ERR and ERL FLREAD Format T B A Defaults T B A The FLREAD command has not been implemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands FREAD Format T B A Defaults T B A The FREAD command has not been implemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands FRE Format F FRE The function FRE returns the number of bytes of stringspace unused This is increased by the CLEAR command FREE Format F FREE drive Default drive DEFD The FREE function returns the number of unused bytes on the disk specified This value is in multiples of 256 bytes complete sectors and does not include unused space in sectors at the end of files FROM Format T B A Defaults T B A The FROM command has not been implemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands FWRITE Format T B A Defaults T B A The FWRITE command has not been implemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands HIMEM Format T HIMEM HIMEM returns the highest memory location available to BASIC at power on this is 32766 This can be altered via the CLEAR command to move the top of memory down INPUT Format INPUT stream variable list Default stream 0 INPUT is used to read data in from disk in the same way as from a cassette file The stream must be opened via the OPEN comm
3. is 0 then the entire known user list is displayed If lt n gt is greater than 10 then a warning message is displayed eg to find out who user 1 is WHOIS 1 1 FRED and to list all users WHOIS 0 1 FRED 2 BORIS 4 NORMAN 5 DROP lt n gt lt alias string gt lt messg string gt The DROP command leaves a message for another user to PICKUP later If there is insufficient room in their CHAT buffer then a warning is displayed and the message is not sent DROP can use a station ID or it s alias to identify a user The station ID must be in the range 1 10 the alias string must be up to 10 characters and the messg string up to 64 characters If the station cannot be found or CHAT has been disabled via the CHAT ON OFF command then a warning is displayed and the message is not sent eg DROP 1 WHAT S HAPPENING FRED leaves the message specified for user 1 likewise DROP FRED WHAT S HAPPENING FRED has the same effect 6 PICKUP lt messg string gt PICKUP retrieves the next message awaiting you on the server and stores it in the string specified PICKUP will display a warning message if you have disabled CHAT If PICKUP is executed within a program and there are no messages waiting a null string is returned else in command mode a warning message is displayed Example PICKUP A PRINT A BORIS 2 WHAT S HAPPENING FRED 7 SAY lt n gt lt alias string gt lt messq string gt SAY sends lt messg string g
4. requested by the network station and return via 1203 1201 Address of User Dispatch Table 1201 points to the start of the user dispatch table The address of the 1st server response routine should be stored at the address pointed to by this location the next routine should use this address 2 the next 4 etc 1203 Return Network Control The response command should leave via a jump to this address after setting up the return block data 3EC any error code you wish to return to NETCOMM from the server 3EE number of data bytes being returned in the buffer at C00 to the network station minimum 1 byte 0 256 bytes C00 256 byte network return buffer Any data the routine is to return to the network station is stored here ANNEX 3 Dragon Network Operating System Workspace DNOS Workspace All Stations AddressLengthContents Hex Dec Page 0 Locations 00E6230 324 bit Network Block Timeout 00E9233 1Timeout flag 00EA234 1Disk Drive Number DSKDRV 00F1241 1Current Control Block Number NETCBK or DSKCBkK 03EB1003 03EB1003 Page 3 Locations 68 byte Network Header Block 1Command Request Byte COMRQST 03EC1004 1Error number ERROR 03ED1005 1Current Control Block Number STRMNO 03EE1006 03EF 1007 03F21010 06001536 06011537 06021538 06031539 06041540 06071543 06081544 060F 1551 06161558 061D1565 061E1566 06221570 06241572 06261574 06281576 06291577 062A1578 062B 1580 1Ne
5. run 12 3Starting the Network Switch the Dragon designated as server on insert the network disk into drive 1 and type BOOT After a few seconds of disk activity the screen is cleared and the following message displayed The server conducts a short test of the Network hardware before loading the operating system off the disk Once complete the settings available for this version of DNOS are displayed DRAGON NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM DNOS V1 0 C 1991 1992 WRITTEN BY J BIRD 64K SERVER VERSION MACHINE ID 0 DRIVES 2 STATIONS 2 SPOOL SPOOLXXX PRN SWITCHABLE NOT SUPPORTED RAM DRIVE NOT SUPPORTED SERVER S NOT SUPPORTED RUNNING No of drives and stations will be dependant on the data entered in the config file Server version will be 32 or 64K depending on machine type Dragon 32 or 64 The server is now fully functional If the server program fails in any way an appropriate error message is displayed and the program is aborted Problems which can occur and possible solutions are outlined below CANNOT FIND CONFIG NET FILE CRITICAL ERROR INIT FAILURE CONFIG NET file not present on disk run the CONFIG program to create file HARDWARE ERROR PROGRAM ABORTED error on testing the ACIA network chip Ensure the correct base address is entered in the CONFIG NET file and refer to Hardware Manual to ensure your network card is fully functional CANNOT FIND SERVER BIN FILE CRITICAL ERROR INIT FAILUR
6. Defaults number 1 BEEP outputs the specified number of beeps max 255 from the Dragon BOOT Format BOOT drive Defaults drive DEFD BOOT loads sectors 3 to 18 of track 0 of the disk in the specified drive into memory from 9728 onwards sets DEFD to drive and executes the program from address 9730 The first two bytes of sector 3 must be OS NOTE The BOOT command is primarily used to load another operating system eg OS9 Use on a network station will crash the machine since such operating systems require direct access of the disk system The command should only be used for loading programs which remain in the BASIC enviroment eg auto BASIC loaders CHAIN Format T B A Defaults T B A The CHAIN command has not been implemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands CLOSE Format CLOSE stream stream Default All streams The file allocated to the specified control block number is closed If the stream is 2 then then if open the print spool file is closed and queued for printing eg CLOSE closes all streams including print spools CLOSE 2 close the print spool file and queue for printing COPY Format COPY source file TO destination file Default drive is DEFD unless specified COPY creates a duplicate of the source file specified and names it destination file CREATE Format T B A Defaults T B A The CREATE command has not been im
7. E The server operating system file is not present on the disk INCORRECT NOS VERSION FOR THIS SERVER PROGRAM A later version of the software has been identified within the CONFIG NET file that this server does not support Only use the new server program Possible CONFIG NET file corruption run the config program to create a new one THIS VERSION OF DNOS DOES NOT SUPPORT MULTIPLE FILE SERVERS THE SERVER MUST BE CONFIGURED AS MACHINE 0 An attempt to set the DIP switches on the server network card to anything but 0 Ensure DIP switch setting is set to 0 and a network card fault does not exist Refer to Hardware Manual Switch on the Dragon network stations and the network should now be fully operational 13 0Using DNOS DNOS adds a set of BASIC commands to the Dragon which are almost identical to those found under DragonDOS or compatible system Programs which use DOS commands including machine code files should run under DNOS without alteration A full list of DNOS commands are listed in Annex 1 There are however a number of commands which are not supported These fall into two catagories 13 1Network Security Certain standard DOS commands can be considered non viable on a network An example of this is the DSKINIT command Where multiple users are sharing a disk and one user has the ability to re format the whole disk the result would be disastrous Therefore the following commands cannot be performed from a net
8. Error Z flag clear This call returns an error code which the calling program should intercept appropriatly C02C Format Disk This call has not been implemented since it violates network security Network users cannot format a shared media thus destroying data that may be in use by another user Entry N A Exit B 8 FC Error Z flag clear This call returns an error code which the calling program should intercept appropriatly C02E Base address table of disk error code character pairs The two character NOS error code may be obtained by subtracting 128 from the code number returned in the B register in the DNOS routines above and adding to it the address at C02E This only applies to disk errors File Server Assembler Calls When adding commands a network station via the NETCOMM call at C004 a routine must also exist on the server to deal with the data requested and return a block back See Annex 4 for a full discussion on adding network commands When the file server boots up it scans the disk in drive 1 for a file named NOSPLUS BIN If found the file is loaded and EXECed by the program This should contain the routines necessary to implement the response to additional commands which can be issued by the network station This routine should be split into two parts 1 Initialisation Aes the address of the response routine two the dispatch table via 1201 2 Main sake alt Perform the function
9. RETURN The program will now request the following information SERIAL PORT ADDR HEX enter the IO location of the serial port base address in hexadecimal on the server see Hardware Manual NO OF DRIVES ON SERVER enter the number of disk drives the server supports minimum 1 Any Network access to drives above this number will return an error This is used to prevent access to non existent drives or to prevent network access to a given drive eg the printer spool drive NO OF NETWORK STATIONS 1 255 enter the number of network stations currently on the network Stations with ID numbers above this will not be addressed SPOOL FILE DRIVE 1 4 enter the drive on which network print spool files are to be stored on see network printing section This may be a drive higher than the specified number of server drives specified earlier if required HEADER ON PRINTOUTS Y N enter Y if a header is required on network printouts identifying the station sending and spool file ID see network printing section PRINTER RESET SEQUENCE enter the escape sequence required to reset the printer connected to the file server Press RETURN after each character has been entered up to six characters may be entered As an example the reset sequence for an Epson printer is 27 64 so enter 27 and press RETURN 64 then press RETURN twice The setup information is stored in the file CONFIG NET which is read every time the Server program is
10. ag clear if error occurs 650 657 Filename 658 65A File extension 65B Drive number This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart and does not access the network C 1989 DOSPLUS4 COOA Get Directory Entry and Copy to Control Block This routine takes the file details stored within 650 65B and attempts to assign a file control block number to it stream or TF Error occurs If one is obtained the directory is searched for the filename and if found the control block is loaded with details from the file NE Error will be returned if the file is a new one or could not be found Entry File specification in 650 65B Exit B Error code 0 if no error X Address of read pointer within control block A NETCBK Control block number DSKDRV Drive number Z flag clear if an error occurs NETCBK F1 DSKDRV EB This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart C00C Create Directory Entry This routine creates a directory entry for the specified file renaming an existing file to BAK if necessary Entry A File Control Block Number control block set up from COOA Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart COOE Get File Length This loads the logical sector number no of sectors used for the file and number of bytes used for the last file This figure is equivalent to the 24 bit file length in registers U
11. an OPEN command eg IF EOF 2 THEN CLOSE 2 closes file channel 2 when the end of file is reached NOTE DNOS V1 0 does not support with format E EOF filespec since the FREAD WRITE commands have not been implemented in this version Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands The value returned by EOF is set by the EOFLAG location In the default mode EOF returns 1 for cassette compatibility in order to return 1 for DragonDOS mode use POKE 1635 254 and 0 to reset back to cassette mode ERL Format E ERL The function ERL returns the BASIC line number which the last error occured 1 if it occured within command mode This is normally used when setting up an error trap see ERROR GOTO and ERR ERR Format E ERR The function ERR returns the error code of the last BASIC error This is normally used when setting up an error trap see ERROR GOTO and ERL A full list of error codes is listed in Annex 6 ERROR GOTO Format ERROR GOTO line number ERROR GOTO sets up an error trap routine If a BASIC error occurs within the program control is passed to the line number within the last ERROR GOTO statement Multiple ERROR GOTO statements can be used within a program Error trapping is turned of by the RUN command by specifying a line number of 0 or when an error occurs FOR NEXT loop information is cleared when an error occurs so control cannot be passed back to inside the loop since an NF error will occur
12. and Data are separated by end of line characters and except when between string quotes commas and colons Like cassette and keyboard INPUT reads at least one complete record ie up to an end of line character from disc and discards and unused data after reading in the variable list The LOC command can be used to manipulate the read pointer Example INPUT 2 B KILL Format KILL filespec KILL is used to delete files from the a disk releasing space used by the file for re use by another file NOTE The KILL global delete is not implemented in this version of DNOS LINE INPUT Format LINE INPUT stream string variable Default stream 0 LINE INPUT reads complete records from disk into a string variable Input is completed by an end of line character The stream number must have been opened explicitly via an OPEN command The LOC command can be used to manipulate the read pointer LLIST Format LLIST startline endline Default entire BASIC program LLIST is used for outputting a BASIC program to the printer In local mode the default at power up or set by the LPRN command data is sent to the parallel port If an NPRN command has been issued and a print channel OPENed data is sent to the printer on the server If the print channel is not opened an NO error is returned NOTE LLIST closes the print channel on completion LPRN Format LPRN LPRN is used to set the printer to l
13. and A Entry A File Control Block Number Exit B Error code 0 if no error U Number of next sector to be written upper 16 bits A Number of bytes used in the sector lower 8 bits DSKDRV Drive number in control block Z flag clear if an error occurs This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart C010 Close all files on a drive This routine is not accessable from a network station since files on the specified drive may be in use by another user Entry N A Exit B 8 FC Error Z flag clear C012 Close a file Closes the file specified and if the last file on the drive update the directory bit map Entry A File Control Block Number Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart C014 Load a file block into memory Up to 64K bytes can be loaded into memory from the disk file specified The start byte number number of bytes to load must not exceed the file length Entry A File Control Block Number U B 24 bit byte number from which loading is to start B is least significant 8 bits X Memory start address Y Number of bytes to load Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart C016 Write buffer to file and verify Up to 64K bytes can be written to a disk file from memory The start byte number must not exceed the file length En
14. c start end entry Defaults File extension BAS BASIC BIN Binary The SAVE command is used to write a BASIC program or area of memory to disk If no parameters are supplied the BASIC area is saved as file type 1 else the memory block is saved as type 2 file The SAVE command cannot write a type 3 segmented file SREAD Format SREAD drive track sector string1 string2 SREAD transfers a 256 byte sector specified by the track and sector parameters into the two strings specified with 128 bytes in each SWAP Format SWAP variable variable2 SWAP exchanges the contents of two variables of the same type They can be strings numeric or array elements SWRITE Format N A Defaults N A The SWRITE command has not been implemented since it violates network security Refer to section 3 2 on security restrictions VERIFY Format VERIFY option Default option ON This command is used under DragonDOS to turn on and off disk verification However this cannot be set by a network user and therefore is ignored It will not return an error though and will check for valid options ON or OFF WAIT Format WAIT delay WAIT delays the execution of a BASIC statement following the WAIT command for the specified number of milliseconds 1000ms 1 sec SHIFT can be used to pause the WAIT command indefinatly ANNEX 2 Dragon Network Operating System Facilities for Assember Programmers This Annex lists the pr
15. d fully in Annex 5 DNOS as it is supplied usses the system to add DOS commands to a diskless station However there are numerous usses that the system can be put to use as once a number of Dragons are connected together A network command involves principally 3 stages 1 Issue command to server 2 Server performs command required 3 Results of command sent back to station As an example this annex will detail how to obtain the number of entries currently in the network queue 1 First use the NETCOMM call at C004 to issue the command to the server The parameter block is pointed to by C006 In this instance only two parameters are relevent Command ID byte amp Network Block Length The new command ID is 17 1 16 are used by DNOS itself and since no data needs to be passed to the server the Block Length can be set to the smallest value 1 0 256 bytes GETQUEUELDX CO006 X points to parameter block LDA 17 A new command ID number STA X LEAX 3 X move X to point to Block Length LDA 1 STA X Block length of 1 JSR C004 issue the command The server will return the number of entries in the queue in the Network Buffer at 2048 assuming no error occured which we can then deal with BNE ERROR test for error CLRA LDB 2048 load the number of entries JMP amp output the byte to screen ERRORJMP 8344 system error routine This routine provides all the necessary coding for a Network Station By assembli
16. dling calls Location 111 6F must be set to the file control block number To output a byte load A with the byte and call JSR A002 To input a byte call JSR B50A and the byte is returned in A 15 0Network Printing DNOS provides the ability for any network station to use a printer attached to the file server machine as if it were attached to the station itself Standard BASIC commands PRINT 2 and LLIST are used as normal but data is sent to the server instead of out the local parallel port When DNOS is first switched on printing is in local mode ie PRINT 2 data is sent to the parallel port or serial port if configured on a D64 In order to connect to a network printer type NPRN lt Enter gt The machine is now effectivly re routed to the file server In order to revert back to normal use the LPRN command The first effect of this is that by typing PRINT 2 DNOS will return a 7NO ERROR This is because data is not sent to the server and out to the printer it is stored on disk in a spool file ready for printing later Like normal files you must OPEN and CLOSE the spool file for printing So by entering OPEN O 2 no filename is necessary will open up a spool file on the server Subsequent PRINT 2 or LLIST commands will have the data stored in the spool file on the server The drive it is stored on must have enough capacity to cope with the files particularly graphics screen dumps which can be q
17. existing file is backed up A Append An existing file is aal or a new one aes ed E Empty Ley existing file is killed and a new file SS OSS aaa Example OPEN O 2 DATA creates a new file named DATA DAT and renames any existing file to DATA BAK Stream number must be in the range 2 to 3 NOTE This command is also used to open a print channel to the network printer OPEN O 2 The print channel is closed by the CLOSE 2 command PRINT Format PRINT stream USING string output list Default stream 0 PRINT is used to output data to a disk file in the same way as cassette The file must be expressly opened via an OPEN command and terminators are not normally written between the variables output If CMFLG location 1634 is set to the stream number of the file then cassette mode is enabled and end of line characters inserted between variables output Example PRINT 3 A B writes the strings out to the disk file associated with stream 3 NOTE PRINT 2 is used for outputting a data to the printer In local mode the default at power up or set by the LPRN command data is sent to the parallel port If an NPRN command has been issued and a print channel OPENed data is sent to the printer on the server If the print channel is not opened an NO error is returned PROTECT Format PROTECT option filespec Default option ON PROTECT alters the write protect set
18. imary routines used for access over the network They take the form of an indirect jump table found on network stations and in most cases mimic the DOS routines found at these locations thus providing compatability for programs which use these calls on DOS machines Each routine is headed by its entry table address and function The routines are called via an indirect jump eg JSR C004 calls the NETCOMM command processor The routine also defines registers locations for entry to the routine registers locations on exit of the routine Assume ALL registers are modified by the routines Although most routines are the same as their DOS counterparts there are some minor differences where network security will not allow access of the command eg format and in this case the routine returns code 8 FC error in the B register when called At the end of the Annex the server routines are listed for adding to the network command structure C004 Network Command Processor NETCOMM This routine replaces the Basic disk operation processor on DOS machines It is used by all DNOS calls to issue a network request to the file server It should be used by Network Users for setting up their own network commands The routine sends up to 256 bytes of data stored in buffer at address 2048 along with certain control information defined in the operation block pointed to via C006 and returns up to 256 bytes of data and any relevent control informatio
19. in fact it is open You should therefore ensure that ALL files are closed before switching a machine off and entering a CLOSE command after an error has occured through a network access ANNEX 1 Dragon Network Operating System Extensions to BASIC The following lists the commands and functions provided by DNOS 1 1 through which BASIC accesses the network with a definition and description of each It also describes any differences to standard DOS counterparts Square brackets are used to denote optional parameters and DEFD is used to indicate the default drive number The drive number can be between 1 amp 4 but may be limited by the CONFIG NET NumDrvs setting on the server Drives specified by Network Stations above this will return a 7DN error AUTO Format AUTO start incre Defaults start 100 incre 10 AUTO enables automatic program numbering when entering a program When executed by default it starts numbering from line 100 and increments in steps of 10 If a line already exists a question mark will be displayed in front of the line number BACKUP Format N A Defaults N A The BACKUP command has not been implemented since it violates network security Refer to section 3 2 on security restrictions BACKUP DIR Format N A Defaults N A The BACKUP DIR command has not been implemented since it violates network security Refer to section 3 2 on security restrictions BEEP Format BEEP number
20. ine should not attempt to OPEN or CLOSE a print channel directly or data will be lost see Annex 2 for DNOS assembler calls When printing a character set location 111 6F to 254 and call JSR A002 Do not use the JSR 800F call to print a character as this accesses the hardware directly and DNOS has no way of intercepting this call This may cause problems with a number of machine code programs eg screen dumps which use the 800F call A possible way to correct this is to search through the file for 7E 80 0F mnemonics for JSR 800F and replace them with a jump to your own code ie LDB 254 STB gt 6F JSR A002 CLR gt 6F This will output the character correctly to either the network or local printer depending on which is selected This will also remain compatible when running on a non network machine If it is necessary to OPEN and CLOSE a print spool directly then it can be accomplished with normal assembler calls by opening a file named SPOOL PRN Refer to the File Control Block number assigned to this file when sending data to print 16 0Additional Errors In addition to the full set of DOS errors listed in Annex 6 a new error code A8 NT Error may be returned by network routines This indicates Network Timeout or Not There communication between the server was interrupted unexpectedly or could not be established Network requests to and from the server have a time out figure attached which is decre
21. mented every time the hardware tries to fetch a byte from a machine If this figure reaches zero then an NT error is returned If DNOS routines continually return this error then it is likely that a hardware fault exists Refer to the Hardware setup manual 16 1Getting Used to working on a Network DNOS is designed to make the network station feel as if it is a standard DragonDOS Dragon However because you are sharing a set of disks with other users their actions can effect you For example when trying to open a file you may get an AO error file already open There are two instances when this could occur In the first another user is accessing this file and you cannot The second is slightly more rare the request to open a file has retried On any command issued to the server DNOS allows 5 retries if any transmission error or timeout should occur If a request to open a file is successful on the server but fails on the returned status block DNOS will retry In this case the server will flag the file already open and a AO error will be returned It is important to ensure files are properly closed on a DOS machine even more so on a network DNOS maintains the status of a file OPEN or CLOSEd on both the server and network station If one of these is corrupted you may be in a position where your station believes you have files open when in fact they are shut A worse situation is that the station believes the file is closed when
22. n back from the server in the same operation block See Annex 4 for examples and description on using this command Entry Operation Block set up see C006 NETCOMD values 1 16 are reserved for system usage Exit Operation Block set up see C006 B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs C006 Operation block address for C006 operations 0 Network Command Byte NETCOMD Code issued by the network station for the command the server is to perform 1 16 are reserved for system use others are user definable 1 Network Error NETERRO Error code if any returned from server Any error returned in the B register from NETCOMM takes priority since this data may be invalid if a NETCOMM error occurs 2 Network Stream Number NETSTRM Stream number currently in use Set by the station 3 Network Length NETLEN Number of bytes in buffer at 2048 800 Set by the station on sending and by the server to determine the number of bytes returned minimum 1 byte 0 256 bytes 4 Network Pointer NETPTR 3 byte file pointer C008 Copy File Details and Validate This provides the facility to validate a file specification and add a default drive number or extension if they are not included within the file specification Entry B File specification length lt 15 characters X Address of file specification Y Address of default file extension Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z fl
23. ng and EXECing provided the server code has been implemented a figure between 0 10 will be displayed corresponding to the number of entries in the network printer queue 2 When the server program boots up it scans the boot drive for a file named NOSPLUS BIN This file must contain your new code for adding to the server s command table with the default exec address pointing to the install routine The install routine simply adds the address of your new routine to the command table pointed to by 1201 INSTALLLDX GETQUEUE address of new routine LDY 1201 point to next free slot in dispatch table STX Y install the routine STY 1201 ready for next command RTS The server routine GETQUEUE must when called by the system return the number of queue entries in the buffer and leave via 1203 GETQUEUELDA 3358 location for number of entries in queue STA C00 put into buffer LDA 1 1 byte to return STA 3EE number of bytes in buffer location JMP 1203 return via return call The routine is now complete Note When calling NETCOMM a timeout delay is initiated for response from the server about 10s If the routine you have written takes longer than these then NETCOMM will timeout and return an error code A8 NT Network Timeout on the network station Network Errors The above routine does not make use of the NETERRO location for returning server errors since the server routine cannot fail This l
24. ng program should intercept appropriatly C026 Extended Read Absolute Sector This routine under DOS compatibility returns the requested absolute sector specified in the Y register to a buffer address specified in the X register On a network station it also provides direct access to the Basic Disk Command Processor Read Seek physical sector calls to read a sector by specifying the track sector numbers By setting the X register to 0 an invalid buffer address for the absolute sector call since it will point to system workspace this format of the call can be used Entry X Buffer address Y Absolute sector address DSKDRV Drive number or Entry X 0000 Y Buffer address A Track Number B Sector Number Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs Note Read physical sector is an extension to this call not found on DOS stations If a program which makes use of this call is run on a normal DOS machine it will crash C028 Write Absolute Sector This call has not been implemented since it violates network security Network users cannot write sectors to disk since they may inadvertantly destroy another users data Entry N A Exit B 8 FC Error Z flag clear This call returns an error code which the calling program should intercept appropriatly CO2A Verify Absolute Sector This call has not been implemented Use C026 to verify a sector Entry N A Exit B 8 FC
25. ocal mode BASIC print commands then revert back to the parallel or serial port if a Dragon 64 is in use This is the default setting at power up and need only be used after an NPRN command NOTE LPRN is a new command Therefore it should be used in command mode only in order to maintain compatability with programs that may be run on a DOS machine Use of the OPEN 2 and CLOSE 2 can be used within programs which will be run on a non network station since they are ignored by BASIC LOAD Format LOAD filespec binary load addr Defaults file extension BAS binary load addr start address used when the program was SAVEd LOAD transfers the contents of a BASIC or binary file into memory from disk If a BASIC program is being loaded any existing program will be erased If the file is a binary program the EXEC address is set to the value when the file was saved The optional offset is used to override the load address in which case the EXEC address is adjusted by the same offset Segmented file addresses are also offset by the binary load addr The EXEC address is taken from the terminating null segment NOTE DNOS V1 0 does not support the LOAD command for loading ASCII BASIC files LOC Format L LOC stream LOC stream value LOC returns the value of the read pointer or sets the read pointer to the specified value The stream must be opened by the OPEN command NOTE DNOS V1 0 does not support with format LOC files
26. ocation is primarily used when DOS routines fail and the error code is passed back to the network station Note that the error code returned in the B register if any from the NETCOMM processor is not the value stored in NETERRO this code reflects any serial problems and takes priority over any returned codes since data may be invalid Therefore in order to test for this at the station use code similar to JSR C004 call NETCOMM BNE ERROR test for NETCOMM error LDB NETERRO fetch any returned error code BNE ERROR test for server return error ANNEX 5 Dragon Chat DCHAT Dragon Network Chat DCHAT DCHAT is an add on program supplied on the network boot disc It comprises 3 programs DCHAT BIN DCHAT BAS SCHAT BIN In order to use the program SCHAT BIN should be renamed to NOSPLUS BIN so that the server program will automatically load the program Network stations simply LOAD and EXEC the DCHAT BIN program The DCHAT BAS program is an optionally CHAT enviroment making use of the extra commands DCHAT BIN adds to network stations In order to use one of your own server add ons rename the file back to SCHAT BIN DCHAT allows up to 10 users connected on the network to communicate with one another via eight extra BASIC commands Messages can be sent amp recieved by the commands as well as automatically displayed on the screen as they arrive The commands are summarized below 1 MESSG ON OFF The MESSG command enable
27. of file names CO0A should be called first with the new file details and ensure that NE is returned Entry A File Control Block Number Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs Note This routine does not return the Buffer Details Block address in the Y register since this information is not available within the file control blocks on a network station C020 Get Directory Record This routine fetches the specified directory record 0 to 159 into memory Entry B Directory record entry number 0 to 159 Exit B Error code 0 if no error X Address of record Z flag clear if an error occurs Note This routine does not return the Buffer Details Block address in the U register since this information is not available within the file control blocks on a network station C022 Find a free buffer and read absolute sector This call has not been implemented Sector reads can be issued via the C026 Extended Absolute Sector call Entry N A Exit B 8 FC Error Z flag clear This call returns an error code which the calling program should intercept appropriatly C024 Copy directory sectors from track 20 to track 16 This call has not been implemented Under normal DragonDOS this occurs automatically later versions must be executed on the file server via this call or BACKUP DIR Entry N A Exit B 8 FC Error Z flag clear This call returns an error code which the calli
28. ointer 0D283368 1Spool drive number 0D293369 1Number of network supported drives 0D2A3370 1Banner flag O no banner lt gt 0 banner 0D2B3371 1Current spool file ID 0D2C3372 20Printer queue 0D423393 2Server ACIA base address 0D443395 2Length of file to COPY from 0D463398 2Pointer to write pointer of file to COPY to 11004352256Print spool buffer Network stream DOS lookup table 2 10 bytes from Provides a DOS Control Block Number to Network Station Control Block Number Network ID lookup table 0 if not currently assigned 0Station ID associated with DOS Control Block 1 1Station ID associated with DOS Control Block 2 10Network stream associated with DOS Control Block 1 11Network stream associated with DOS Control Block 2 Network Printer Queue 2 10 bytes from 0D2C Lists up to 10 queue entry IDs following by up to 10 network station IDs associated with the print job Network Card Port Addresses The base address for the file server is determined by location 0D42 whilst on the stations it is at FF40 Base Address 0Data Register MC6850 1Command write and Status read Registers MC6850 2Network ID read byte and Data Direction write bit bit 0 ANNEX 4 Dragon Network Operating System Command Expansion Use of the NETCOMM Command Processor This Annex details how a user may add network commands to the standard DOS equivalent commands The program DCHAT utilises this method and is detaile
29. p the System 12 1Network Stations Once each station is equipped with it s network card and is connected up to the file server very little additional setup is required Turn on a network station and the normally copyright message should be displayed followed by DNOS V1 1 C 1991 1992 C COPYRIGHT BY J BIRD NETWORK STATION n n will be a number from 0 to 255 Each station on the network needs to be identified with a number This is achieved by setting a bank of DIP switches on the network card Network stations are numbered from 1 to 255 in numerical order Therefore if you have 3 stations not including the file server they should be numbered 1 2 and 3 Set the DIP switches accordingly and when switched on the station should correctly display the number assigned to it 12 2File Server The File Server also requires the DIP switches to be set however this machine MUST be set as station 0 zero all the DIP switches off If this is not the case the software will not run If you are using the software for the first time make a back up immediatly of the Network Disk and in future use the copy Insert the Network disk in drive 1 of the file server and type RUN CONFIG lt RETURN gt The following message is displayed DNOS NETWORK CONFIGURATION C 1992 BY J BIRD WARNING THIS PROGRAM OVERWRITES THE CURRENT NETWORK CONFIGURATION SETTINGS ARE YOU SURE YOU WISH TO PROCEED Y ES N O Enter Y and press
30. pec since the FREAD WRITE commands have not been implemented in this version Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands LOF Format L LOF filespec L LOF filespec LOF returns the length of the file in bytes If the file is not opened then it will be opened by this command but NOT closed MERGE Format T B A Defaults T B A The MERGE command has not been implemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands NPRN Format NPRN NPRN is used to set the printer to network mode BASIC print commands are sent through the network card and output on the printer attached to the server However the print channel must be OPENed before printing can commence and CLOSEd once complete NOTE NPRN is a new command Therefore it should be used in command mode only in order to maintain compatability with programs that may be run on a DOS machine Use of the OPEN 2 and CLOSE 2 can be used within programs which will be run on a non network station since they are ignored by BASIC OPEN Format OPEN mode stream filespec Default file extension DAT OPEN is used to allocate a stream number to a disk file and allow file manipulation by standard BASIC commands PRINT INPUT etc The format is similar to that used by cassette files created MODE ae ACTION T Input l The file must exist but is not restricted to read O Output A new file is creaed and any
31. plemented in this version of DNOS Refer to section 3 2 on non implemented commands DIR Format DIR drive DIR stream drive Defaults stream 0 drive DEFD DIR lists the files on a disk in the specified drive The output gives the files with their protection a lower case P if write protected file length followed by the number of files on the disk and the amount of free space available in bytes If the stream is 0 default the screen then the output scrolls slowly Use of the parameter enables 12 line paging pausing for a keypress Output to the printer will be in 3 columns unless the parameter is specified in which case data is output in a single column The parameter is ignored for all other stream numbers BREAK can be used to abort the listing DRIVE Format DRIVE drive The DRIVE command sets the DEFD number location 1577 in the range 1 to 4 This will not check any restrictions of drive access on the server At power on the default is 1 DSKINIT Format N A Defaults N A The DSKINIT command has not been implemented since it violates network security Refer to section 3 2 on security restrictions EOF Format E EOF stream The EOF function returns the status of an open file stream EOF returns 0 false if the file has more data to be read or 1 depending on location EOFLAG 1635 true if the end of file has been reached The file must have been opened by
32. s to your station ID turn on the system via a CHAT or MESSG command USER NOT FOUND ON NETWORK The specified user requested is not identified as being attached to the network or the alias specified could not be found NO MORE MESSAGES Returned by PICKUP in command mode when there are no more messages to read USER HAS NO ALIAS Returned by WHOIS when the station identified has not been assigned an alias EXCEEDED MAXM NO OF CHAT USERS This error occurs when attempting to communicate with a station with an ID of above 10 or when starting the DCHAT package on a station with an ID above 10 DCHAT usses the method described in Annex 4 to add to the Network commands and usses NETCOMD codes 17 22 The server overlay program requires 14K and resides at address 13000 DCHAT BAS The DCHAT BAS program is a chat enviroment program which makes use of the extra commands DCHAT adds to BASIC Each station loads a copy of DCHAT which allows a full screen chat system via the DROP amp PICKUP commands If DCHAT BIN is not already loaded the program will do so before running ANNEX 6 Summary of Error Messages HexDecCodeDescription OOONFNEXT without FOR 022SNSyntax error 044RGRETURN without GOSUB 0660DOut of DATA in READ 088FClllegal Function 0A100VMath overflow 0C120MOut of memory 0E14ULUndefined line number 1016BSBad array subscript 1218DDAttempt to dimension an array twice 1420 0Divide by zero 1622I1DIllegal direc
33. s or disables the ability to send and recieve on screen messages By default messages are disabled when the package is started Typing MESSG on its own displays the current status on or off When switched off the SHOUT and SAY commands are disabled Other users attempting to contact you will be informed that you are no longer on the message system Because of the way the network is setup you may notice pauses every so often as the IRQ routine attempts to update any on screen messages If you are working on something important and this becomes irritable then turning MESSG OFF will stop the IRQ routines accessing the server 2 CHAT ON OFF CHAT performs a similar function to MESSG except it enables or disables the CHAT commands DROP amp PICKUP Typing CHAT on it s own displays the current status defaults to OFF Other users attemting to contact you will be informed that you are no longer on the CHAT system 3 IAM lt string gt The IAM command assigns yourself an alias of lt string gt You are identified on the network by your station number shown when a network station is switched on You can send and recieve messages by use of this number In addition to this you can give your station a name by use of this command For example to call yourself FRED use IAM FRED Note The alias string must be 10 characters or less else an LS error is produced 4 WHOIS lt n gt WHOIS displays the alias of user lt n gt If lt n gt
34. t to user lt n gt or alias lt alias string gt and displays it on their Dragon s screen The alias string must be 10 characters or less the messg string 64 characters or less If the user cannot be found MESSG has been disabled on the receiver s machine or the receiver s MESSG buffer is full a warning is displayed and the message is not sent SAY FRED WHAT S HAPPENING FRED 8 SHOUT lt messg string gt SHOUT displays the message specified on all Dragon s connected to the network which have MESSG enabled and have free space in their MESSG buffer Messages sent via SAY and SHOUT will appear on the receiver s screen almost immediatly depending on what the machine is doing MESSG FROM BORIS 2 WHAT S HAPPENING FRED Chat Warning Messages The CHAT system does not force BASIC errors due to CHAT not being enabled or user s not found so they can be incorporated into a BASIC program without aborting when a problem occurs Errors generated through the serial hardware such as I O amp NT errors can occur as normal The CHAT software displays the following warning messages CHAT MESSG BUFFER FULL FOR USER n The storage space used for messages on the server for the specified user is full The receiver has not issued a PICKUP recently or has disconnected from the network without issuing a CHAT MESSG OFF command CHAT MESSG NOT ENABLED FOR USER n The CHAT or MESSG system is not enabled for the user specified If the user id refer
35. t statement 1824TMType mismatch 1A260SOut of string space 1C28LSString too long 1E30STString formula to complex 2032CNCannot continue 2234UF Undefined function 2436FDFaulty data file 2638AOl 0 device already open 2840DNDevice number outside limits 2A42I01 0 error tape serial network 2C44FMFile mode error 2E46NOFile not open 3048IEEnd of file reached on input 3250DSDirect statement 3452NEDLOAD file does not exist D64 DNOS error addtions 80128NRDisk not ready 82130SKTrack seek error 84132WPDisk write protected 86134RTRecord type incorrect 88136RFRecord track sector not found 8A138CCCyclic redundancy check error disk network 8C140LDLost data data not transferred to from disk 8D141DBNo duplicate directory track 8E142BTBOOT failure 90144IVInvalid directory 92146FDDirectory full 94148DF Disk full 96150F SiInvailid filename 98152PTFile write protected 9A154PEPast end of file 9C156FFFile not found 9E158FEFile already exists 9F159ENEntry number above directory limit AO160NEDisk file does not exist A2162TFMaxm number of files open network or server A4164PRParameter error A6168 Unknown error A8170NTNetwork timeout
36. ting of a given file When set by the option ON the file cannot be written to or deleted A lower case P is displayed against files that have this setting in the directory listing The setting OFF clears the write protect setting RENAME Format RENAME filespec1 TO filespec2 RENAME will change the name of the file in filespec1 to that in filspec2 Both files must refer to the same disk drive and the second must not exist NOTE DNOS does not support the RENAME drive option since the network disks are public to all and should be set locally on the DOS machine RESTORE Format RESTORE line number Default line number first program line RESTORE allows the setting of the pointer used by the READ command to the specified line Future READ statements will take data from the first DATA statement occuring on or after this line The line need not actually contain a DATA statement but must exist Line numbers referred to by RESTORE will be renumbered by RENUM RUN Format RUN filespec number Default File extension BAS Number first line BASIC or default load address Binary RUN allows a program to be loaded from disk and automatically executed The option number is used to signify the line number of the program to start execution from or the load address for a binary program The program is run from the default EXEC address plus any offset calculated by the optional load address SAVE Format SAVE filespe
37. try A File Control Block Number Y B 24 bit byte number from which writing is to start B is least significant 8 bits X Memory start address U Number of bytes to write Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart CO1A Kill a file and free sectors for re use The file associated with the control block number specified will be removed from the directory and the sectors allocated returned for re use The file control block will not be closed Entry A File Control Block Number Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs This routine is identical to it s DOS counterpart C01C Set File Protection The write protect setting for the file will be altered depending on the contents of the B register Entry A File Control Block Number B 0 protect off lt gt 0 protect on Exit B Error code 0 if no error Z flag clear if an error occurs Note This routine does not return the Directory Record address in the X register or the Buffer Details Block address in the Y register since this information is not available within the file control blocks on a network station CO1E Rename a file The directory entry specified by the File Control Block number will be changed to the new file specification No checks are made to ensure that the drive numbers match nor that the new file does not exist To avoid duplication
38. twork Block Length BLKLEN 3File Pointer FILEPTR 11 byte checksum value CHKSUM Network Station only 1Network Command used by NETCOMM 1Network Error used by NETCOMM 1Network Stream used by NETCOMM 1Network Buffer length used by NETCOMM 3Network File Pointer used by NETCOMM 1Temporary 1 byte buffer 7File Control Block 1 7File Control Block 2 7File Control Block 3 1Stream status byte Bottom 3 bits only set stream in use 4Temporary Use 2Current load address for LOAD SAVE 2Current file length for LOAD SAVE 2Pointer to current file control block 1Last command sent to server 1Default drive number DEFD 1Number of retries used 2Default block size for LOAD SAVE blocks 062D1582 20USR vector table moved from 0134 06411603 06421604 06441606 06451607 06461608 06471609 06491611 064B1613 06501616 06581624 065B1627 065C1628 065D1629 065E 1630 065F 1631 06601632 06621633 06631634 06341635 1LOAD RUN flag 2Count of sectors within a file 1Page count byte 1Directory record count number 1ERROR trap flag O off FF on 2ERROR destination line 2Line number in ERROR 1ERROR type 8Current filename 3Current file extension 1Current drive number 1Temporary record pointer 1Count of files in DIR 1Network Printer Flag O local lt gt O network 1Stream number assigned to network printer 2Spool buffer pointer 1One bytes I O buffer 1Cassette mode flag CMFLG 1EOF flag EOFLG 08002048256Network B
39. uffer 0A002560256Network Print Spool buffer File Control Blocks 3 31 bytes from 608 0 33 byte read pointer 4Not used 5 73 byte write pointer File control block maintains DOS pointer compatability write pointer remains 4 bytes forward from read pointer address returned in X via CO0C File Server only Overview 00000256System Page 0 0100256256System Page 1 04001024512Text Screen 060015361536DOS workspace 0C0030724608DNOS workspace 120146097680DNOS Operating System 1E017681Server Runtime BASIC program 2400 9216 Free RAM 7918310001767Reserved for NOSPLUS BIN server extender 80003276832768BASIC ROMS DOS amp IO Workspace Page 1 Location 03F51013 1Number of Network stations attached to file server Graphics Page 2 Locatiions 0C003072256Network Buffer 0D003328 20Network Stream DOS stream lookup table 0D143348 1Current Network Station number 0D153349 2Current file length for LOAD SAVE or amount of RAM available for COPY 0D173351 1Temporary 1 byte buffer 0D183352 2Pointer to current read write pointer 0D1A3354 2Default block size for LOAD SAVE 0D1C3356 1Number of retries Control Block number of file to COPY from 0D1D3357 1Command last sent Control Block number of file to COPY to 0D1E3358 1Number of entries in print queue 0D1F3359 1DOS control block number of spool file 0D203360 1Not used 0D213361 1Next spool file ID 0D223362 2Pointer to spool file read pointer 0D243364 3Spool file length 0D273367 1Spool buffer p
40. uite lengthy and is set by the user through the server CONFIG program Spool Drive option Printing via the network also obeys the standard printer locations ie End of Line Sequence at 330 LF flag etc When you wish to commence printing type CLOSE 2 or CLOSE to close all files and the server will add your spool file to the printer queue Note that a side effect of the LLIST command is that it CLOSEs the print channel before returning to BASIC Note that when you open a spool file you lose one of the file streams 1 3 available You will no longer be able to directly access this file stream through the use of PRINT INPUT etc 15 1Print Queues When a print spool file is closed by the user it is added to the print queue This is a list of files awaiting printing The first file will commence printing as soon as it enters the queue subsequent files must wait until the printer is free Since there may be a number of queue entries an option through the server CONFIG program is provided to add a small header to each of the printouts to enable identification of the sender There is no method of assigning priority to print spool files within the queue they are sent in the order they were closed by the user 15 2Network Printing from Machine Code Printing to a network printer can be achieved through the normal BASIC character out routine provided the channel has been first opened by a BASIC OPEN command The machine code rout
41. work station or from machine code calls DSKINIT BACKUP SWRITE When executed these commands will return an 7FC ERROR 13 2DNOS V1 1 This version of DNOS does not provide the following commands CHAIN CREATE FLREAD FREAD FROM FWRITE When executed these commands will return an 7FC ERROR Later versions of DNOS should provide these commands and ensure full compatability with DOS of existing commands 13 3DNOS Workspace and Graphics RAM Like DragonDOS DNOS workspace occupies page 1 of graphics memory at 1536 600 to 3071 BFF on network stations The file server utilises the second graphics page for workspace a full memory map of file server and network station is listed in Annex 3 14 0Data Files Data files are handled in much the same way as DragonDOS 3 0 handles them through the OPEN PRINT amp INPUT similar to the tape system commands However only 3 file channels are available 1 3 and one is used if you have a network print spool file open see Network Printing section The CLOSE command always refers to a stream number not a drive or last file open These file channel restrictions are further reduced since the file server has only ten channels available in total for all network users The LOC command for manipulating the read pointer can now only reference a stream number 14 1Machine Code Character I O Single character input and output can be performed using the standard BASIC character han
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