Project Manual 1
Contents
1. n rum a ZS ZAMMIT H we Tex 777A Ive w h uumtc lf i ES yERS 1 MMMM gyen 74 ellie 7 0 A Ime E Zell gw fr oai dii wW 1 Soy S 7 i I T i jo rmm DU Z unn ninm HIiHHH 71mm ram s PAZ B NI 5 el l z P L f p H 1 ur NS 2 1 Y R n 1 E a Xx NNNNNN ian l E ot J 2 ox ime as NNNM p mih A 1 4 T wi c 44 0 Tuned Elenco Electronics Inc Cfo Mf c HHS 150 W Carpenter Avenue TODO NSSS Wheeling IL 60090 E MIN N 847 541 3800 D ow co Web Site www elenco com e mail ENE com aw IIIA w EN T Da f I TT lI a ALIM 55 Em Hin JE N M renin li PORES um oe 1 0 Yea Me ERLA 2 4 ll ni 4 n PA ES ITNA ww BS ZIL Paa li g AH N 77 3 WK J H 8 Zell SF pom 2222 5 ue z b eb P Sf 7 7 ee Maint zee i 4 T S MIHIHIEIZZZMLLI aa 4 n a i uc A M 0 i amca VNO re inpr SE e 1 1 piis ee num 7 STEEL lI nm 7 mmm ZI 7 UM zum gt mm yy Gal 15 3112. D es SEY E i xa Elenco Electronics Inc Copyright 2004 by Elenco Electronics Inc All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means electronic photocopying or otherwise without written permission from the publisher Table of Contents Basic Troubleshooting Parts List Advanced Troubleshooting Project Listings How to Use It Experiments 1 101 About Your Snap Circuits Parts DO s and DON Ts of Building Circuits Other Snap Circuits Projects Snap Circuits Experiment Shapes WARNING Always check your wiring before turning on a circuit Never touch the motor when it is spinning at high speed Never leave a circuit unattended while the batteries are installed Never connect additional batteries or any other power sources to your circuits WARNING SHOCK HAZARD Never connect Snap Circuits to the AA electrical outlets in your home in any way Basic Troubleshooting Most circuit problems are due to incorrect assembly always double check that your circuit exactly matches the drawing for it Be sure that parts with positive negative markings are positioned as per the drawing Sometimes the light bulbs come loose tighten them as needed Use care since glass bulbs can shatter Be sure that all connections are securely snapped Try replacing the batteries If the motor spins but does not balance the fan check the black plastic piece with three pron
3. 18 Project 27 5 Musicic MUS E d Clap Sounds OBJECTIVE To build a police siren and other sounds that are controlled by clapping your hands Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a2 Turn on the slide switch S1 and a police siren is heard and then stops clap your hands and it will play again Note however that music can be heard faintly in the background of the siren If clapping does not trigger the sound tap the whistle chip with your finger Project 28 More Clap Sounds OBJECTIVE ICs can do many jobs Modify the last circuit by connecting points X amp Y The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a machine gun 19 Sounds OBJECTIVE ICs can do many jobs To show how Project 29 More Clap Now remove the connection between X amp Y and then make a connection between T amp U The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a fire engine To show how Project 30 More Clap Sounds lll OBJECTIVE ICs can do many jobs Now remove the connection between T amp U and then make a connection between U amp Z The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like an ambulance Sounds I OBJECTIVE ICs can do many jobs To show how Project 31 More Clap V To show how Now
4. Next connect a 2 snap wire between points X amp Y connect the jumper to either point Touch the loose ends to the pencil drawing again you hear a different sound Now remove the 2 snap wire between X amp Y and connect it between X amp Z connect the jumpers to W amp Y Touch the loose ends to the pencil drawing again you hear yet another sound Now you can draw your own shapes and see what kinds of sounds you can make Motor Fun with the Alarm IC OBJECTIVE To show some new ways of using the alarm IC Build the circuit shown and place the fan on the motor but leave the jumpers off for the time being Turn on the slide switch S1 and tap the whistle chip WC it makes a machine gun sound with music in the background Thoroughly cover the photoresistor RP with your hand and the sound becomes a siren With the photoresistor covered press the press switch S2 and the sound becomes that of an ambulance Uncover the photoresistor and the sound remains that of a machine gun whether the press switch S2 is pressed or not After a while the sound will stop tap the whistle chip and it resumes Connect the two jumpers as shown and tap the whistle chip to resume the sound The lamp L1 and LED D1 are lit and the motor spins The sound continues but it may become distorted as the motor speeds up The motor draws a lot of power from the batteries and this may reduce the voltage to the music and alarm ICs disto
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6. 9 Simple Water Alarm 1 2 3 4 5 6 OBJECTIVE To sound an alarm when water is detected Build the circuit shown but initially leave the jumper wires outside the cup Turn on the switch nothing happens Place the jumper wires into a cup of water and an alarm sounds You could use longer wires and lay them on your basement floor if your basement floods during a storm then this circuit will sound an alarm Project 99 Project 100 Project 1 Simple Salt Ambulance Ambulance Water Alarm Water Alarm Contact Alarm OBJECTIVE To detect salt water OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the 4 OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the circuit in Project 98 circuit in Project 98 The same circuit also detects if the jumper Add salt to the water and tone of the alarm is l louder and faster telling you that salt is in the io i is M MU Me wires get touched together so connect them water you detected Also try holding the connection between A amp B The water alarm to each other The tone of the sound is now jumper wires with your fingers to see if your works the same way but now it sounds like an much different Therefore this circuit will tell body can set off the alarm ambulance you if there is water between the jumper wires or if the wires are touching each other 44 For a listing of local toy retailers who carry our products visit our website OTHER SNAP CIRCUITS PROJECTS us toll free at 1 800
7. Project Listings CONDO OF QW N Electric Light amp Switch DC Motor amp Switch Sound Activated Switch Adjusting Sound Level Lamp amp Fan in Series Lamp amp Fan in Parallel Light Emitting Diode One Direction for LED Conduction Detector Space War Alarm Combo Flying Saucer Decreasing Saucer Lift Two Speed Fan The Fuse Musical Doorbell Momentary Alarm Alarm Circuit Laser Gun Space War Light Switch Paper Space War Light Police Siren More Loud Sounds More Loud Sounds Il More Loud Sounds Ill More Loud Sounds IV Clap Sounds More Clap Sounds More Clap Sounds Il More Clap Sounds Ill More Clap Sounds IV Voice Light Diode Voice Control Motor Space Sounds Motor Space Light Space Battle II Silent Space Battle Periodic Sounds Blinking Double Flashlight Motor Controlled Sounds More Motor Sounds More Motor Sounds Il More Motor Sounds Ill More Motor Sounds IV Light Controlled Flicker More Sound Effects This OH That This AND That Neither This NOR That NOT This AND That Reflection Detector Quieter Reflection Detector Flashing Laser Light with Sound Space War Flicker Spinning Rings Strobe the House Lights Race Game Using Parts as Conductors Spin Draw Space War Flicker Motor Light Controlled Sounds Light Controlled Sounds II Light Controlled Sounds II1 IV Light Controlled Sounds V Electronic Bombing Game Quiet Zone Game Light Controlled Sounds Spac
8. The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like an ambulance Project 44 More Motor Sounds IV OBJECTIVE To show how motion can trigger electronic circuits Now remove the connections between U amp Z and between V amp W then make a connection between T amp U The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a familiar song but with static 22 Project 4 Light Controlled Flicker OBJECTIVE To make a circuit that uses light to control the blinking of another light 5 6 7 This circuit does not use the noisy speaker it uses a nice quiet LED Turn on the switch the LED flickers Wait a few seconds then cover the photoresistor and the flicker stops The flicker is controlled by the photoresistor uncover it and the flicker resumes People that are deaf need lights to tell them when a doorbell is ringing They also use circuits like this to tell them if an alarm has been triggered or an oven is ready Can you think of other uses Project 46 More Sound Effects 1 2 3 4 3 6 OBJECTIVE To investigate the different sound effects available ES 7 from the alarm integrated circuit Build the circuit shown on the left When you close the slide switch S1 the integrated circuit should start sounding an up down siren This is just one more sound effect that this integrated circuit is designed to produce Different sounds that can easily be changed are very important when designing
9. When you close the slide switch S1 the motor will slowly increase in speed When the motor has reached maximum rotation turn the slide switch S1 off The fan blade should rise and float through the air like a flying saucer Be careful not to look directly down on fan blade when it is spinning The air is being blown down through the blade and the motor rotation locks the fan on the shaft When the motor is turned off the blade unlocks from the shaft and is free to act as a propeller and fly through the air If speed of rotation is too slow the fan will remain on motor shaft because it does not have enough lift to propel it The motor will spin faster when both batteries are new Moving parts Do not DoM ate If the fan doesn t fly off then turn the switch on and off several times touch the fan or motor during operation lean over the motor rapidly when it is at full speed Decreasing Saucer Lift OBJECTIVE To show how voltage affects speed of a DC motor and can decrease the lift of the saucer Change the circuit in Project 11 by adding the lamp L1 in series with the motor as shown in the diagram on the left When you place the lamp in series with any electronic device it will draw less current because it adds resistance In this case the lamp in series reduces the current through the motor and that reduces the top speed of the motor Close the slide switch S1 and wait until the fan reaches maximum speed Open the switc
10. amp Y The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a machine gun with music Proje ct 22 5 6 7 Project 24 More Loud Sounds ll OBJECTIVE To show variations of the circuit in Project 22 Now remove the connection between X amp Y and then make a connection between T amp U The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a fire engine with music Light Police Siren OBJECTIVE To build a police siren that is controlled by light Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a2 Finally insert the parts with a 3 last on level 3 Cover the photoresistor RP and turn on the switch S1 A police siren with music is heard for a while and stops then you can control it by covering or uncovering the photoresistor Project 25 More Loud Sounds lll OBJECTIVE To show variations of the circuit in Project 22 Now remove the connection between T amp U and then make a connection between U amp Z The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like an ambulance with music Project 26 More Loud Sounds IV OBJECTIVE To show variations of the circuit in Project 22 Now remove the connections between U amp Z and between V amp W then make a connection between T amp U The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a familiar song but with static
11. supply Don t keep this circuit on too long because it uses a lot of current and will drain your batteries quickly The speaker is being used as a low value resistance here to make the above effects more apparent If you remove it then the lamp brightness will increase slightly Project 81 Pencil Alarm OBJECTIVE To draw an alarm activator 3 4 5 6 Build the circuit shown and connect the two jumpers to it leave the loose ends of the jumpers unconnected for now There is one more part you need and you are going to draw it Take a pencil No 2 lead is best but other types will also work SHARPEN IT and fill in the shape below You will get better results if you place a hard flat surface directly beneath this page while you are drawing Press hard but don t rip the paper and fill in the shape several times to be sure you have a thick even layer of pencil lead EE Turn on the switch and take the loose ends of the jumpers press them to the shape and move them around over the drawing If you don t hear any sound then move the ends closer together and move over the drawing add another layer of pencil lead or put a drop of water on the jumper ends to get better contact Project 82 Pencil Alarm Variants OBJECTIVE To draw an alarm activator Remove the jumper connected to point Y as shown in the drawing and connect it to point X instead Touch the loose ends to the pencil drawing again the sound is different now
12. and music integrated circuits Build the circuit shown and add the jumpers to complete it Turn it on press the press switch S2 several times and wave your hand over the photoresistor to hear all the sound combinations If the sound is too loud you may replace the speaker SP with the whistle chip WC 33 Project 6 Space War Siren 3 5 5 OBJECTIVE To combine effects from the space war and alarm integrated circuits Build the circuit shown on the left and turn on the slide switch S1 Press and hold the press switch S2 to make the lamp brighter Project 0 Quiet Water Alarm 7 8 OBJECTIVE To sound an alarm when water is detected 1 2 3 5 Sometimes you want a water alarm that can be heard but is not loud enough to be annoying or distracting so lets make one We ll also put a light on it that could be seen in a noisy room in a real application you could use a powerful light that would be easily seen Build the circuit shown but initially leave the jumper wires outside the cup Turn on the switch nothing happens Place the jumper wires into a cup of water and an alarm sounds and the light comes on 34 Project 1 Light Controlled Lamp 1 2 3 z 6 OBJECTIVE To turn a lamp on and off using light Cover the unit turn the switch on and notice that the lamp is off after a few seconds Place the unit near a light and the lamp turns on Cover the photoresistor and place it in
13. games and toys Switch the sound on and off quickly and see if you can create even different effects This mode will create many robotic sounds if switched quickly 5 Project 47 This OR That OBJECTIVE To introduce you to the OR concept of electronic 1 2 3 4 5 6 Build the circuit shown Notice that if you turn on the slide switch S1 OR press the press switch S2 the LED lights up There is no partially lit state here the diode is either totally on or totally off While this may seem very simple and boring it represents an important concept in electronics Two switches like this may be used to turn on a light in your house or they might be two sensors at a railroad crossing used to start the ding ding sound and lower the gate You could also have more than two switches and the circuit would function the same way This AND That OBJECTIVE To introduce you to digital circuits Build the circuit shown Notice that if you turn on the slide switch S1 AND press the press switch S2 the LED lights up Once again there is no partially lit state here the LED is either totally on or totally off Two switches like this may be used to turn on the same light in your house the room switch and the master switch in the electrical box You could also have more than two switches and the circuit would function the same way Combinations of AND and OR circuits are used to add and multiply numbers together in modern computers The
14. is flipping a switch but at a very consistent rate Periodic signals like this are very important in electronics In the circuit at left replace the speaker SP with an LED D1 position it as in Project 32 The lamp alternates between being on and off while the LED alternates between being dimmer and brighter Project 41 More Motor Sounds OBJECTIVE To show how motion can trigger electronic circuits Modify the last circuit by connecting points X amp Y with the lamp L1 The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a machine gun Project Project 42 40 6 More Motor Sounds Il OBJECTIVE To show how motion can trigger electronic circuits Now remove the connection between X amp Y and then make a connection between T amp U with the lamp L1 The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a fire engine Motor Controlled Sounds OBJECTIVE circuits To show how motion can trigger electronic This circuit is controlled by spinning the motor with your hands Turn on the switch A police siren is heard and then stops Spin the motor and it will play again Note however that music can be heard faintly in the background of the siren Project 43 More Motor Sounds lll OBJECTIVE To show how motion can trigger electronic circuits Now remove the connection between T amp U and then make a connection between U amp Z with the lamp L1
15. of the toys and chairs made to hold infants If the music is replaced with words the child can also learn while they are entertained Because of great advances in miniaturization many songs are stored in a circuit no bigger than a pinhead Momentary Alarm 1 2 3 4 5 OBJECTIVE To show how integrated circuits can also create z loud alarm sounds in case of emergencies Modify the circuit used in Project 15 to look like the one shown on the left When you close the slide switch S1 the music integrated circuit U1 may start playing one song then stop The song will be much louder than in the previous project because it is now being used as an alarm Each time you press the press switch alarm button S2 after the song stops playing the song will play again but only while you hold the button down 15 Project 17 Alarm Circuit OBJECTIVE To show how an integrated circuit can be used to make real alarm sounds Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 When you close the slide switch S1 the integrated circuit should start sounding a very loud alarm sound This integrated circuit is designed to sweep through all the frequencies so even hard of hearing people can be warned by the alarm If the alarm sound was passed through an amplifier and installed into a police car it would also serve as a good poli
16. turn off in the morning 17 Space War OBJECTIVE To introduce you to the space war integrated circuit and the sounds it can make Build the circuit shown on the left which uses the space war integrated circuit Activate it by flipping the switch or pressing the press switch do both several times and in combination You will hear an exciting range of sounds as if a space war is raging Like the other integrated circuits the space war IC is a super miniaturized electronic circuit that can play a variety of cool sounds stored in it by using just a few extra components In movie studios technicians are paid to insert these sounds at the precise instant a gun is fired Try making your sound occur at the same time an object hits the floor It is not as easy as it sounds Project 21 Paper Space War OBJECTIVE To give a more dramatic demonstration of using the photoresistor Use the same circuit as for Project 20 Find a piece of white paper that has a lot of large black or dark areas on it and slowly slide it over the photosensitive resistor You should hear the sound pattern constantly changing as the white and dark areas of the paper control the light to the photosensitive resistance You can also try the pattern below or something similar to it PJ Project 23 More Loud Sounds OBJECTIVE To show variations of the circuit in Project 22 Modify the Project 22 by connecting points X
17. wires Project 59 Spin Draw OBJECTIVE To produce circular artistic drawings Rebuild the simple motor connection as shown on the left This is the same setup as Project 57 Setup Cut out a circular piece of thin cardboard from the back of an old spiral notebook or note pad Use the fan blade as a guide Place the fan on the cardboard and trace around it with a pencil or pen Cut the cardboard out with scissors and tape it to the fan blade Do the same thing with a piece of white paper but tape the paper on top of the cardboard so it can be removed easily later Drawing To make a ring drawing obtain some thin and thick marking pens as drawing tools Spin the paper by pressing and holding press switch S2 down Press the marker on the paper to form rings To make spiral drawings release press switch S2 and as the motor approaches a slow speed move the marker from the inside outward quickly Change the colors often and avoid using too much black to get hypnotic effects Another method is to make colorful shapes on the disc then spin the disc and watch them blend into each other When certain speeds are reached under fluorescent lights without electronic ballasts the strobe principle shown in another project will produce strange effects and backward movement Make a wheel with different colored spokes to see this strange effect Adding more spokes and removing spokes will give different effects at different motor speeds Space War
18. your hands close to the whistle chip or tap the base with your finger The music should play again for a short time then stop Blow on the whistle chip and the music should play You could connect the speaker using snap wires instead of the jumper wires but then the speaker may create enough sound vibrations to re activate the whistle chip Adjusting Sound Level OBJECTIVE To show how resistance can lower the sound from the speaker Build the circuit shown on the left When you close the slide switch S1 the music may play for a short time and then stop After the music has stopped clap your hands close to the whistle chip or tap the base with your finger The music should play again for a short time then stop In this project you changed the amount of current that goes through the speaker and reduced the sound output of the speaker Resistors are used throughout electronics to limit the amount of current that flows Lamp amp Fan in Series OBJECTIVE To show how a lamp can indicate when a fan is running Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 Finally place the fan blade on the motor When you close the slide switch S1 the fan will spin and the light should turn on The fan will take a while to start turning due to inertia Inertia is the property that tries to keep a body at rest from moving and trie
19. 0 or D Play multiple rounds and see who gets the best overall score The winner will be the player who is best at reading his opponent s mind 32 Project 67 Quiet Zone Game Shorting Bar for OBJECTIVE Make and play the electronic game of Quiet 25 Paper Sheet to orZ Zone hide position of shorting bar W 9 9 10 Use the circuit from Project 66 but place two 2 snap wires shorting bars under the paper sheet as shown on left Lad dis Setup Player 1 sets the Quiet Zone by placing 2 shorting bars under the paper on row A B C or D leaving only one open Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bars are located under the paper Both Player 1 and Player 2 are given 10 points The object is for Player 2 to guess the location of the Quiet Zone by placing his shorting bar at positions X Y or Z In the drawing on the left Player 1 set up the Quiet Zone at position C If Player 2 places his shorting bar across Z on the first try the sounds played mean he has not found the Quiet Zone and he loses 1 point He has three 3 tries to find the zone on each turn Each time sounds are made he loses a point Shorting Bar Player 2 then sets the B C D side and player 1 starts searching Play for B C or continues until one player is at zero points and makes sound during that D i players turn Space War Music Combo OBJECTIVE To combine the sounds from the space war
20. 533 2441 Snap Circuits Model SC 300 ae Build Over 300 Projects Including AM Radio e Water Detector e Motion Detector Electronic Kazoo Burglar Alarm Tone Generator Make Your Own Battery Music Radio Lie Detector Contains Over 60 Parts Including e Antenna Coil Microphone Power Amplifier IC e Variable Capacitor Five Fixed value Capacitors High Frequency IC Two Transistors e Adjustable Resistor e Four Fixed value Resistors Plus all experiments from 100 in 1 SC 100 UC 30 Upgrade Kit Converts SC 100 Snap Circuits Jr into SC 300 Snap Circuits UC 40 Upgrade Kit Converts into SC 500 Snap Circuits SC 100 Snap Circuits Jr Snap Circuits Pro Model SC 500 Build Over 500 Projects Including Electronic Cat Music Meter e Adjustable Light Control Digitally Tuned FM Radio Digital Voice Recorder e Light Controlled Music e AC Generator e Flashing Numbers Contains Over 75 Parts Including e FM Radio Module Analog Meter Recording IC Module e Diode 7 Segment LED Display Relay e SCR e Transformer e Plus all experiments contained in the 300 in 1 SC 300 UC 60 Upgrade Kit Converts into www elenco com or call Snap Circuits Extreme Model SC 750 Build Over 750 Projects Including Strobe Light e Electromagnetism Electronic Kazoo Transistor AM Radio Rechargeable Battery So
21. Flicker Motor OBJECTIVE To run the motor using the space war IC White Paper Turn on the switch and the motor spins you may need to give it a push with your finger to get it started The sounds from the IC are used to Igp LE Q drive the motor Because the motor uses magnets and a coil of wire similar to a speaker you may even hear the space war sounds coming faintly from the motor eo 30 Project 61 4 5 Project 2 Light Controlled Sounds Il OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the circuit in Project 61 Modify the last circuit by connecting points X amp Y The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a machine gun Project 63 Light Controlled Sounds III OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the circuit in Project 61 Now remove the connection between X amp Y and then make a connection between T amp U The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a fire engine Light Controlled Sounds OBJECTIVE To give a more dramatic demonstration of using the photosensitive resistance Build the circuit shown on the left Turn on the slide switch S1 a police siren is heard The loudness of the sound depends on how much light reaches the photoresistor try partially shielding it or placing near a very bright light and compare the sound Project 464 Light Controlled Sounds IV OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the circ
22. Jumper Wire mew MN 6SCJ1 1 1 You may order additional replacement parts at our 6SCRP m iis website www snapcircuits net 2 6D Slide Switch Press Switch Photoresistor How To Use It The Electronic Snap Circuits kit has 101 projects They are simple to build and understand The Snap Circuits kit uses building blocks with snaps to build the different electrical and electronic circuits in the projects Each block has a function there are switch blocks lamp blocks battery blocks different length wire blocks etc These blocks are in different colors and have numbers on them so that you can easily identify them The circuit you will build is shown in color and with numbers identifying the blocks that you will use and snap together to form a circuit For Example This is the switch block which is green and has the marking 6D on It as shown in the drawings Please note that the drawing doesn t reflect the real switch block exactly it is missing the ON and OFF markings but gives you the general idea of which part is being used in the circuit o RN S1 This is a wire block which is blue and comes in different wire lengths This one has the number 2 2 5 Or 6 on it depending on the length of the wire connection required 2 There is also a 1 Snap wire that is used as a Spacer or for interconnection between different layers 3 To build each ci
23. TIVE To build an AND gate You will only hear music if you turn on the slide switch S1 AND press the press switch S2 This is referred to as an AND gate in electronics Build the circuit shown on the left he circuit uses the Alarm and Space War IC s to flash the LED D1 Turn the switch on and the LED starts flashing This concept is important in computer logic Example If condition X AND condition Y are true then execute instruction Z Flash and Tone OBJECTIVE Build a circuit that flashes light and plays sounds Turn the switch on and the lamp and LED starts flashing You hear two different tones driving LED and lamp IC s can be connected to control many different devices at the same time Project 80 Lamp Speaker amp Fan in Parallel 3 OBJECTIVE To show the power drop of components connected in parallel Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Leave the fan off the motor When you press the press switch S2 the motor spins and the lamp turns on Observe how bright the lamp is Place the fan on the motor and press the press switch again The lamp is not as bright now because it takes more power from the batteries to spin the motor with the fan on it which leaves less battery power available to light the lamp If you have weak batteries the difference in lamp brightness will be more obvious because weaker batteries don t have as much power to
24. The red LED will flash simulating a burst of laser light You can shoot long repeating laser burst or short zaps by tapping the trigger switch Space War Flicker 7 OBJECTIVE To build a circuit using the space war IC to make exciting sounds 5 i om 1 4 e Ba ai U2 LI s T 6 Build the circuit shown on the left which uses the Space War integrated circuit 0 Set the switch on and the speaker makes exciting sounds The output of the IC can control lights speakers and other low power devices You may replace the speaker SP with the 2 5V lamp L1 and the bulb will flicker You can also use the LED D1 in place of the lamp position it with the side towards the 6 snap 97 Project 55 8 n Mc Spinning Rings OBJECTIVE To build an electronic spinner Setup Cut out the disc on page 46 that looks like the one shown here Using Scotch tape attach the disc with the printed side up on the top of the fan blade Place the blade on the motor as shown to the left and below When the press switch S2 is pressed the arcs will turn into colored rings with a black background Notice how the color drops in brightness when it is stretched to make a complete circle Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 56 Strobe the House Lights OBJECTIVE To use the spinner to see strobe effect due to 60 cycle
25. Upon review we will post them with your name age and hometown in a special section on our website If we use them in future manual revisions we will send you a copy of the manual so you can show your family and friends Send your suggestions to Elenco Electronics WARNING SHOCK HAZARD Never connect Snap Circuits to YN the electrical outlets in your home in any way CAUTION Do not mix alkaline standard carbon zinc or N rechargeable nickel cadmium batteries Advanced Trou bleshooting Adult supervision recommended 6 Alarm IC U2 Build project 17 you should hear a siren Then place a 3 snap wire between grid locations A1 and C1 the If you suspect you have damaged parts you can follow this procedure to systematically determine which ones need replacing 1 2 5V lamp L1 motor M1 speaker SP and battery holder B1 Place batteries in holder and install bulb in lamp socket Place the 2 5V lamp directly across the battery holder it should light Do the same with the motor motor to battery it should spin to the right at high speed Tap the speaker across the batttery holder contacts you should hear static as it touches If none work then replace your batteries and repeat if still bad then the battery holder is damaged 2 Jumper wires Use this mini circuit to test each jumper wire the lamp should light 3 Snap wires Use this mini circuit to test each of the snap wires one at a tim
26. amp goes out In electronics this is called an open circuit DC Motor amp Switch OBJECTIVE To show how electricity is used to run a Direct Current DC Motor 2 3 6 j Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 When you close the switch S1 current flows from the batteries through the motor making it rotate Place the fan blade on the motor shaft and close the slide switch 81 The motor will rotate forcing the D j fan blade to move air past the motor In this project you changed electrical power into mechanical power DC motors are used in all the battery powered equipment requiring 8 rotary motion such as a cordless drill electric tooth brush and toy E trains that run on batteries just to name a few An electric motor is much easier to control than gas or diesel engines Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Project 3 Sound Activated Switch OBJECTIVE To show how sound can turn ON an electronic device Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 Finally lay the speaker on the table and connect it to the circuit using the jumper wires as shown When you close the slide switch S1 the music may play for a short time and then stop After the music has stopped clap
27. ce siren Laser Gun OBJECTIVE To show how integrated circuits sound can easily be changed to exciting space war sounds Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 When you close the slide switch S1 the integrated circuit should start sounding a laser gun sound This integrated circuit is designed to produce different sounds that can easily be changed You can even switch the sound on and off quickly to add sound effects to your games or recordings 16 Project 19 Project 20 Light Switch OBJECTIVE To show how light can control a circuit using a photoresistor PHOTO RESISTOR Use the circuit from Project 19 above but replace the slide switch S1 with the photoresistor RP The circuit immediately makes noise Try turning it off If you experiment then you can see that the only ways to turn it off are to cover the photoresistor or to turn off the lights in the room if the room is dark Since light is used to turn on the circuit you might say it is a light switch The photoresistor contains material that changes its resistance when it is exposed to light As it gets more light the resistance of the photoresistor decreases Parts like this are used in a number of ways that affect our lives For example you may have streetlights in your neighborhood that turn on when it starts getting dark and
28. circuit from Project 474 Connect the whistle chip WC to points A1 and C1 on the base grid then remove the photoresistor RP Turn the switch on and clap your hands or talk loud near the whistle chip the LED will light The whistle chip has a piezocrystal between the two metal plates The sound causes the plates to vibrate and produce a small voltage The voltage then activates the music IC E Light Controlled LED OBJECTIVE To control an LED using light Cover the unit turn the switch on and notice that the LED is on for a few seconds and then goes off Place the unit near a light and the LED will light Cover the photoresistor RP and place it near the light again The LED will not turn on The resistance of the photoresistor decreases as the light increases Project 76 Motor Controlled Time Delay LED OBJECTIVE To control an LED using a motor Use the circuit from Project 75 Remove the whistle chip and connect the motor M1 across points A1 and C1 on the base grid Turn the switch on and turn the shaft of the motor and the LED will light As the motor turns it produce a voltage There is a magnet and a coil inside the motor When the axis turns the magnetic field will change and generate a small current across its terminals The voltage then activates the music IC 36 Project 77 Space War Flicker LED OBJECTIVE Flash an LED using the space war IC Project 78 Music AND Gate OBJEC
29. control the circuit touch the metal in the jumper with your fingers Letting go and touching them again will change the sound just as pulling the wires out of the water did 42 Project 95 Noisier Water Space War 4 5 OBJECTIVE To use water to control the space war integrated circuit Add the press switch S2 to the preceding circuit to make it look like the one at left There will be sound if the press switch is pressed or the jumper wires are in the water Pressing the press switch or pulling the wires out of the water changes the sound played If you prefer you can just touch the jumper wire metal with your fingers instead of putting the jumpers in the water Project 96 Project 97 Light Water Space War OR AND Space War Light OBJECTIVE To use water to control the space war integrated circuit OBJECTIVE To control the space war integrated circuit Use the circuit from Project 496 Replace the LED D1 with the 2 5V Use the circuit from Project 495 Replace the speaker SP with the LED lamp L1 Putting the jumper wires in the water OR pressing the press D1 positioning it as in Project 489 Putting the jumper wires in the switch S2 will cause the lamp to be dimly lit Putting the jumper wires water OR pressing the press switch 82 will cause the LED to be bright in the water AND pressing the press switch S2 at the same time will cause the lamp to be much brighter 43 Project
30. ct control inputs to power to make five alarm OUT sounds see project 22 for configurations Space War IC OUT power from batteries power return to batteries OUT output connection IN1 IN2 control inputs IN2 Connect each control input to power to sequence through 8 sounds 4 DO s and DON Ts of Building Circuits After building the circuits given in this booklet you may wish to experiment on your own Use the projects in this booklet as a guide as many important design concepts are introduced throughout them Every circuit will include a power source the batteries a resistance which might be a resistor lamp motor integrated circuit etc and wiring paths between them and back You must be careful not to create short circuits very low resistance paths across the batteries see examples below as this will damage components and or quickly drain your batteries Only connect the ICs using configurations given in the projects incorrectly doing so may damage them Elenco Electronics is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring Here are some important guidelines ALWAYS use eye protection when experimenting on your own ALWAYS include at least one component that will limit the current through a circuit such as the speaker lamp whistle chip ICs which must be connected properly motor photoresistor or resistor ALWAYS use the LED and switches in conjunct
31. d The blue snap wires are just wires used to connect other components they are used to transport electricity and do not affect circuit performance They come in different lengths to allow orderly arrangement of connections on the base grid The red and black jumper wires make flexible connections for times when using the snap wires would be difficult They also are used to make connections off the base grid like the projects using water The batteries B1 produce an electrical voltage using a chemical reaction This voltage can be thought of as electrical pressure pushing electrical current through a circuit This voltage is much lower and much safer than that used in your house wiring Using more batteries increases the pressure and so more electricity flows The slide switch S1 connects ON or disconnects OFF the wires in a circuit When ON it has no effect on circuit performance The press switch S2 connects pressed or disconnects not pressed the wires in a circuit just like the slide switch does Resistors such as the 1000 resistor R1 resist the flow of electricity and are used to control or limit the electricity in a circuit Increasing circuit resistance reduces the flow of electricity The photoresistor RP is a light sensitive resistor its value changes from nearly infinite in total darkness to about 10002 when a bright light shines on it A light bulb such as in the 2 5V lamp L1 contains a spec
32. d be little or no sound Take a small mirror and hold it over the lamp and photoresistor You should hear sound now You have a reflection detector The more light that gets reflected like this the louder the sound You can try holding the mirror at different angles and distances and see how the sound changes You can also hold a white piece of paper over them since white surfaces reflect light Quieter Reflection Detector OBJECTIVE To detect a mirror Let s modify the reflection detector circuit so that it is not so loud and annoying We ll also put a lamp on it that can be seen in a noisy room Build the circuit at left Place it somewhere where there won t be any room light hitting the photoresistor such as in a dark room or under a table and then turn it on The 2 5V lamp will be bright but there should be little or no sound Take a small mirror and hold it over the lamp and photoresistor You should hear sound now as the mirror onto the photoresistor reflects light from the lamp The more light that gets reflected like this the louder the sound You can also hold a white piece of paper over the circuit since white surfaces reflect light 26 Project 53 Flashing Laser Light f P 1 P 7 with Sound OBJECTIVE To build the circuit used in a toy laser gun with flashing laser light and trigger When you press the press switch S2 the integrated circuit should start sounding a very loud laser gun sound
33. e The lamp should light 4 Slide switch S1 and Press switch S2 Build project 1 if the lamp L1 doesn t light then the slide switch is bad Replace the slide switch with the press switch to test it 5 100Q resistor R1 and LED D1 Build project 7 except initially use the speaker SP in place of the LED you will hear static if the resistor is good Then replace the speaker with the LED and see that it lights sound is different Then move the 3 snap from A1 C1 to A3 C3 to hear a 3rd sound Music IC U1 Build project 74 but use the press switch S2 in place of the photoresistor RP Turn it on and the LED D1 flickers for a while and stops it resumes if you press and hold down the press switch Then touch a 3 snap wire across base grid points A1 and C1 and the flickering resumes for a while Space war IC U3 and photoresistor RP Build project 19 both switches 81 and S2 should change the sound Then replace either switch with the photoresistor waving your hand over it should change the sound Whistle chip WC Build project 61 and if there is light on the photoresistor RP then you will hear sound from the whistle chip Note If you have the more advanced models SC 300 SC 500 or SC 750 there are additional tests in your other project manual s trc r u S iu X b You may order additional replacement parts at www snapcircuits net 6
34. e jumper wires to prevent this Project 35 Motor Space Light OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that uses a motor to activate a light diode This circuit is loud and may bother other people around you so replace the speaker with the LED D1 position it like in Project 32 the circuit operates in the same manner 20 Project 36 gt pace Battle Il Project 37 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 OBJECTIVE To show Silent Space another way of using the space war integrated circuit B 2 tt c Build the circuit shown on the left which is based on the OBJECTIVE To show another circuit in the Space War l way of using the space war part Project 19 Turn on the switch and you will hear The preceding circuit is loud and may exciting sounds as if a space bother people around you so replace battle is raging the speaker SP with the LED D1 The motor is used here as a position it as in Project 32 Now you 3 snap wire and will not spin have a silent space battle Moving Moving parts Do not touch parts Do not touch the fan or motor during the fan or motor during operation operation Project 38 Periodic Sounds Project 39 niger Blinking Double Flashlight Build the circuit shown on the left and turn OBJECTIVE To build a circuit with two it on The lamp alternates between being lights that alternate on and off while the speaker alternates between two musical tones like someone
35. e War Music Combo Space War Siren Quiet Water Alarm Light Controlled Lamp Voice Controlled Lamp Motor Controlled Lamp Light Controlled LED Sound Controlled Time Delay LED Motor Controlled Time Delay LED Space War Flicker LED Music AND Gate Flash and Tone Lamp Speaker amp Fan in Parallel Pencil Alarm Pencil Alarm Variants Fun with the Alarm IC Motor Sounds Combo Motor Sounds Combo Il Music Alarm Combo Bomb Sound Bomb Sound Il Light Controlled LED II Touch Light Touch Sound Water Space War Water Space War Il Human Space War Noisier Water Space War Light Water Space War OR AND Space War Light Simple Water Alarm Simple Salt Water Alarm Ambulance Water Alarm Ambulance Contact Alarm Project 1 Electric Light amp Switch OBJECTIVE To show how electricity is turned ON or OFF with a switch Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 Install two 2 AA batteries not included into the battery holder B1 and screw the bulb into the lamp socket L1 if you have not done so already When you close the slide switch S1 current flows from the batteries through the lamp and back to the battery through the switch The closed switch completes the circuit In electronics this is called a closed circuit When the switch is opened the current can no longer flow back to the battery so the l
36. gs on the motor shaft Be sure that it is at the top of the shaft Elenco Electronics is not responsible for parts damaged due to incorrect wiring Note If you suspect you have damaged parts you can follow the Advanced Troubleshooting procedure on page 6 to determine which ones need replacing BATTERIES Use only 1 5V AA type not included Insert batteries with correct polarity Non rechargeable batteries should not be recharged Rechargable batteries should only be charged under adult supervision and should not be recharged while in the product Do not mix alkaline standard carbon zinc or rechargeable nickel cadmium batteries Remove batteries when they are used up Do not short circuit the battery terminals Never throw batteries in a fire or attempt to open its outer casing Batteries are harmful if swallowed so keep away from small children Parts List Colors and styles may vary Symbols and Numbers Note If you have the more advanced Models SC 300 SC 500 or SC 750 there are additional part lists in the other project manuals Name Symbol Name Part Base Grid Red Light Emitting am 11 0 x 7 7 Diode LED Somn 2 5V Lamp Socket 6SCL1 1 Snap Wire CD 3 2V Bulb 3 2V 0 2A 6SCL1B Type 14 or similar Battery Holder uses le 61 2 1 5V type AA not included 6SCB1 Music Wi 00 00 2 Alarm E ES Integrated Circuit Space War
37. h and observe the difference in the height due to the lamp In most cases it may not even launch D S1 Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Do not lean over the motor 13 5 Project 13 Two Speed Fan OBJECTIVE To show how switches can increase or decrease the speed of an electric fan Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 Finally add the 2 snap wires that are marked for level three Moving When you close the slide switch S1 current flows from the batteries parts Do not touch through the slide switch S1 motor M1 the lamp L1 and back to the fan or motor during the battery B1 When the press switch S2 is closed the lamp is operation shorted and motor speed increases The principle of removing resistance to increase motor speeds is only one way of changing the speed of the motor Commercial fans do not use this method because it would produce heat in the resistor and fans are used to cool circuits by moving air over them Commercial fans change the amount of voltage that is applied to the motor using a transformer or other electronic device The Fuse OBJECTIVE To show how a fuse is used to break all current paths back to the voltage source Use the circuit built in Project 13 When you close the slide switch S1 current flows from the batte
38. ial wire that glows bright when a large electric current passes through it Voltages above the bulb s rating can burn out the wire The motor M1 converts elecricity into mechanical motion Electricity is closely related to magnetism and an electric current flowing in a wire has a magnetic field similar to that of a very very tiny magnet Inside the motor is three coils of wire with many loops If a large electric current flows through the loops the magnetic effects become concentrated enough to move the coils The motor has a magnet inside so as the electricity moves the coils to align them with the permanent magnet the shaft spins The speaker SP converts electricity into sound It does this by using the energy of a changing electrical signal to create mechanical vibrations using a coil and magnet similar to that in the motor these vibrations create variations in air pressure which travel across the room You hear sound when your ears feel these air pressure variations The whistle chip WC contains two thin plates When an electrical signal is applied across them they will stretch slightly in an effort to separate like two magnets opposing each other when the signal is removed they come back together If the electrical signal applied across them is changing quickly then the plates will vibrate These vibrations create variations in air pressure that your ears feel just like sound from a speaker The LED D1 is a light em
39. ion with other components that will limit the current through them Failure to do so will create a short circuit and or damage those parts ALWAYS disconnect your batteries immediately and check your wiring if something appears to be getting hot ALWAYS check your wiring before turning on a circuit ALWAYS connect ICs using configurations given in the projects or as per the connection descriptions for the parts NEVER connect to an electrical outlet in your home in any way NEVER leave a circuit unattended when it is turned on NEVER touch the motor when it is spinning at high speed Note If you have the more advanced Models SC 300 SC 500 or SC 750 there are additional guidelines in your other project manual s For all of the projects given in this book the parts may be arranged in different ways without changing the circuit For example the order of parts connected in series or in parallel does not matter what matters is how combinations of these sub circuits are arranged together 5 Examples of SHORT CIRCUITS NEVER DO THESE Placing a 3 snap wire directly across the batteries is a SHORT CIRCUIT NEVER DO B This is also a 2 SHORT CIRCUIT When the switch S1 is turned on this large circuit has a SHORT CIRCUIT path as shown by the arrows The short circuit prevents any other portions of the circuit from ever working NEVER DO You are encouraged to tell us about new circuits you create
40. itting diode and may be thought of as a special one way light bulb In the forward direction indicated by the arrow in the symbol electricity flows if the voltage exceeds a turn on threshold about 1 5V brightness then increases A high current will burn out the LED so the current must be limited by other components in the circuit LEDs block electricity in the reverse direction Some types of electronic components can be super miniaturized allowing many thousands of parts to fit into an area smaller that your fingernail These integrated circuits ICs are used in everything from simple electronic toys to the most advanced computers The music alarm and space war ICs U1 U2 and U3 in Snap Circuits are actually modules containing specialized sound generation ICs and other supporting components resistors Capacitors and transistors that are always needed with them This was done to simplify the connections you need to make to use them The descriptions for these modules are given here for those interested see the projects for connection examples Music IC power from batteries power return to batteries o HLD OUT output connection HLD hold control input TRG trigger control input Music for 20 sec on power up then hold HLD to power or touch TRG to power to resume music Alarm IC IN3 IN1 IN2 IN3 control inputs power return to batteries OUT output connection OUT Conne
41. lar Batteries e Mega Pulser and Flasher Paperclip Compass Contains Over 80 Parts Including Solar Cell Electromagnet Vibration Switch e Two spring Socket Bag of Paperclips Plus all experiments contained in the 500 in 1 SC 500 Computer Interface for Snap Circuits Model 01 3 Sample Screen of Computer Experiment SC 100 Snap Circuits Jr SC 750 Snap Circuits includes 52 new parts With this module you will also learn about and use an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer as you build over 73 BONUS EXPERIMENTS using your Windows based PC Comes with all of the interface parts you need and the software Great for introducing electronics through a computer Works with all versions of our Snap Circuits 650 experiments plus the Cl 73 Computer Interface includes 42 new parts and 400 experiments includes 30 new parts A All You to See the and 200 experiments cts as a Scope and Allows You 1 Signals in the Circuit Page 28 for Project 55 Page EN for Project 57 8 0 aa Ww MU UN EMEN a A j m 4 mun in Iyya ec a n I uu 4 4 um JI b ceed lt 4 MMS w unie t 77 Le uuu 7947777 TTe d es 77777 NM m Zn 77 1 Do sereen UT x IH CI vr wi ES RS 477 e p nmm 0 b uim um ne Iw 2m a a wu 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 5 4 7 mk N HTHHHHCP v emmin es i7S TT AA mni
42. n player in column 3 and the yellow player in column 4 Spin the wheel by closing the press switch S2 The first single color wedge that the pointer points to is the first player to start The Play Each player gets a turn to press the press switch They release the press switch and when the pointer points to a wedge the players that match the Moving colors on the wedge get to move up one space If a liner comes up like the one parts Do not touch shown on the left then the players on each side of the line get to move up two 2 the fan or motor during spaces The first player to reach the top row A wins If two players reach the top operation row at the same time they must both drop down to row D and play continues 8 Project 58 Using Parts as Pt t 7 F T I Conductors OBJECTIVE To show that motors and lamps may sometimes be used as ordinary conductors Cut this shape from last page in manual and tape it to the speaker Turn on the switch and tap the whistle chip WC it makes a machine gun sound with music in the background Thoroughly cover the photoresistor with your hand and the sound becomes a siren After a while the sound will stop tap the whistle chip and it resumes Press the press switch S2 and the LED D1 lights but the lamp L1 does not light and the motor M1 does not spin Electricity is flowing through the lamp and motor but not enough to turn them on So in this circuit they are acting like 3 snap
43. onduction of electricity in different materials Rebuild the circuit from Project 7 but leave the on off switch out as shown on the left When you place a paper clip across the terminals as shown in the picture on the left current flows from the batteries through the resistor through the LED and back to the battery The paper clip completes the circuit and current flows through the LED Place your fingers across the terminals and the LED does not light Your body is too high of a resistance to allow enough current to flow to light the LED If the voltage which is electrical pressure was higher current could be pushed through your fingers and the LED would light This detector can be used to see if a material like plastic is a good conductor or a poor conductor Space War Alarm Combo OBJECTIVE To combine the sounds from the space war and alarm integrated circuits Build the circuit shown and add the jumpers to complete it Turn it on press the press switch S2 several times and wave your hand over the photoresistor RP to hear all the sound combinations If the sound is too loud you may replace the speaker SP with the whistle chip WC 12 Project 11 Flying Saucer OBJECTIVE To make a circuit that launches the fan blade to simulate a flying saucer Rebuild the circuit from Project 2 but reverse the polarity on the motor so the negative on the motor goes to the positive on the battery
44. rcuit you have a power source block number that need two 2 AA batteries not included with the Snap Circuits kit A large clear plastic base grid is included with this kit to help keep the circuit block together You will see evenly spaced posts that the different blocks snap into You do not need this base to build your circuits but it does help in keeping your circuit together neatly The base has rows labeled A G and columns labeled 1 10 Next to each part in every circuit drawing is a small number in black This tells you which level the component is placed at Place all parts on level 1 first then all of the parts on level 2 then all of the parts on level 3 etc The 2 5V bulb comes packaged separate from its socket Install the bulb in the lamp socket L1 whenever that part is used Place the fan on the motor M whenever that part is used unless the project you are building says not to use it Some circuits use the jumper wires to make unusual connections Just clip them to the metal snaps or as indicated About Your Snap Circuits Parts Part designs are subject to change without notice Note If you have the more advanced Models SC 300 SC 500 or SC 750 there is additional information in your other project manual s The base grid functions like the printed circuit boards found in most electronic products It is a platform for mounting parts and wires though the wires are usually printed on the boar
45. remove the connections between U amp Z and between V amp W then make a connection between T amp U The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like a familiar song but with static Project 32 Voice Light Diode OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that uses your voice to control a light emitting diode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Build the circuit shown on the left and turn on the switch The LED D1 may be on for a while and then turn off Clap or talk loud and the diode will light again and keep flickering for a little while LI Project 34 Motor Space Sounds 2 OBJECTIVE To build a circuit that uses a motor to activate space war sounds Turn it on and wait for any sounds to stop then spin the motor and the sounds play again Do you know why turning the motor makes the sound play Actually the DC motor is also a DC generator and when you turn it the motor generates a voltage that triggers the sound circuits Project 33 Voice Control OBJECTIVE To use your voice to control sounds The preceding circuit probably did not seem too exciting so replace the LED D1 with the speaker SP You hear a range of exciting sounds Clap or talk loud and the sounds will resume If you find that the sound does not turn off then vibrations created by the speaker may be activating the whistle chip Set the speaker on the table near the circuit and connect it to the same locations using th
46. ries through the slide switch S1 the lamp L1 motor M1 and back to the battery B1 Pretend the 2 snap wire marked fuse in the drawing on the left is a device that will open the circuit if too much current is taken from the battery When press switch S2 is closed the light is shorted and motor speed increases due to an increase in current to the motor While still holding press switch S2 down remove the 2 snap wire marked fuse and notice how everything stops Until the fuse is replaced the open circuit path protects the electronic parts If fuses did not exist many parts could get hot and even start fires Replace the 2 snap wire and the circuit should return to normal Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Many electronic products in your home have a fuse that will open when too much current is drawn Can you name some 14 Project 15 Musical Doorbell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 OBJECTIVE To show how an integrated circuit can be used as a musical doorbell Build the circuit shown on the left When you close the slide switch S1 the music integrated circuit U1 may start playing one song then stop Each time you press the press switch doorbell button S2 the song will play again and stop Even if you let go of the press switch S2 the integrated circuit keeps the song playing until it has reached the end of the song Musical integrated circuits are used to entertain young children in many
47. rting the sound The sound may even stop if your batteries are weak Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Motor Project 84 OBJECTIVE together Project 85 OBJECTIVE together To connect multiple devices To connect multiple devices Sounds Sounds Do not Moving parts touch the fan or motor during operation Combo In the circuit the outputs from the alarm and music ICs are connected together Build the circuit shown and then place the alarm IC U2 directly over the music IC U1 resting on two 1 snaps and a 2 snap Turn on the slide switch S1 and you will hear a siren and music together while the lamp varies in brightness Push the press switch S2 and the fan spins while the sound may not be as loud The fan may rise into the air when you release the switch Combo II In the circuit the outputs from the alarm and music ICs are connected together Build the circuit shown and then place the alarm IC U2 directly over the music IC U1 resting on three 1 snaps Turn on the slide switch S1 and you will hear a siren and music together Push the press switch S2 and the fan spins while the sound may not be as loud The fan may rise into the air when you release the switch This circuit is similar to project 89 but the fan will fly a little higher since the sound circuit no longer drives the lamp L1 and therefore uses less bat
48. s Use the circuit from Project 55 Setup Place the spinning rings under a fluorescent light that runs on normal house current Start the disc spinning and release the press switch S2 As the speed changes you will notice the white lines first seem to move in one direction then they start moving in another direction This effect is because the lights are blinking 60 times a second and the changing speed of the motor is acting like a strobe light to catch the motion at certain speeds To prove this try the same test with a flashlight The light from a flashlight is constant and if all other lights are out you will not see the effect that looks like a helicopter blade in a movie Some fluorescent lights use an electronic ballast and they also produce a constant light Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 28 Project 57 Race Game OBJECTIVE Build an electronic game for racing Modify Project 56 by adding the pointer as shown on the left The paper should be cut from page 46 and taped high enough on the speaker so the pointer will stick over the fan with paper Bend the pointer at a right angle as shown on the left Setup Cut out the grid with four 4 colors from page 46 and place it under the base as shown on the left Each player picks a color or two colors if only 2 people are playing and places a single snap on row G The purple player in column 1 the blue player in column 2 the gree
49. s to keep a moving object from stopping The light helps protect the motor from getting the full voltage when the switch is closed Part of the voltage goes across the light and the rest goes across the motor Remove the fan and notice how the light gets dimmer when the motor does not have to spin the fan blade Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation Lamp amp Fan in Parallel OBJECTIVE To show how an indicator light can be connected without affecting the current in the motor Build the circuit shown on the left When you close the slide switch S1 both the fan and the light should turn on The fan will take a while to start turning due to inertia In this connection the lamp does not change the current to the motor The motor should start a little faster than in Project 5 Remove the fan and notice how the light does not change in brightness as the motor picks up speed It has its own path to the battery Moving parts Do not touch the fan or motor during operation 10 Project 7 Light Emitting Diode 3 4 5 6 OBJECTIVE To show how a resistor and LED are wired to emit light Build the circuit shown on the left by placing all the parts with a black 1 next to them on the board first Then assemble parts marked with a 2 When you close the slide switch S1 current flows from the batteries through the switch through the resistor through the LED light emitting diode and back
50. se circuits are made of tiny transistors in massive integrated circuits 24 Project 49 Neither This NOR That OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the concept of a NOR circuit Build the circuit at left and test the combinations of the slide switch 81 and press switch S2 If you compare it to the OR circuit in Project 47 you can see the LED lights in the opposite combinations of that circuit Hence we refer to it as a NOH circuit short for NOT this OR that Like the OR and AND it is an important building block in computers NOT This AND That OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the concept of a NAND circuit Build the circuit at left and test the combinations of the slide switch 81 and press switch S2 If you compare it to the AND circuit in Project 48 you can see the LED lights in the opposite combinations of that circuit Hence we refer to it as a NAND circuit short for NOT this AND that This circuit can also have more or less than two inputs though when it only has one input it is referred to as a NOT circuit Like the OR AND and NOH NAND and NOT are important building blocks in computers 25 Project 51 Reflection Detector 7 OBJECTIVE To detect if a mirror is present 4 Build the circuit at left Place it where there won t be any room light hitting the photoresistor RP Such as in a dark room or under a table and then turn it on The 2 5V lamp L1 will be bright but there shoul
51. tery power LL 2ale M 07 AC Do RN ave touch the fan or motor during operation Project 86 Music Alarm Combo OBJECTIVE To combine the sounds from the music and alarm integrated circuits Build the circuit shown and add the jumper to complete it Turn it on and you will hear a siren and music together Press the press switch S2 and the siren changes to a fire engine sound After a few seconds covering the photoresistor will stop the music but the siren continues The motor is used here as a 3 snap wire and will not spin m Project 87 Bomb Sound Project 88 OBJECTIVE Build a circuit that B O aa b sounds like a bomb dropping Sound I1 OBJECTIVE Build a circuit that sounds like a bombs dropping 3 Turn the switch on and you hear the sound of a bomb dropping and then exploding The LED lights and then flashes as the bomb explodes This is one sound generated from the space war IC Use the circuit from Project 87 Replace the switch with the motor M1 Turn the shaft on the motor and now it sounds like a bunch of bombs dropping 40 Project 89 Light Controlled LED II 6 OBJECTIVE Build a circuit that turns an LED on and off if there is light present When there is light on the photoresistor the LED will flicker Shield the photoresistor from the light the LED should turn off Project 90 Touch Light OBJECTIVE Build a circ
52. the light again The lamp will not turn on The resistance of the photoresistor decreases as the light increases The low resistance acts like a wire connecting point C to the positive side of the battery 2 Project 2 Project 73 Voice Controlled Lamp Motor Controlled Lamp OBJECTIVE To turn a lamp on and off using the voltage OBJECTIVE To turn a lamp on and off using the voltage generated from a photoresistor generated when a motor rotates Use the circuit from Project 471 Remove the photoresistor RP and Use the circuit from Project 72 Remove the whistle chip and connect the connect the whistle chip WC across points A amp B Turn the switch on motor M1 across points A amp B Turn the switch on and turn the shaft of and clap your hands or talk loud near the whistle chip the lamp will light the motor and the lamp will light As the motor turns it produces a voltage The whistle chip has a piezocrystal between the two metal plates The This is because there is a magnet and a coil inside the motor When the sound causes the plates to vibrate and produce a small voltage The axis turns the magnetic field will change and generate a small current in voltage then activates the music IC and turns the lamp on the across it s terminals The voltage then activates the music IC 35 Project 4 Project 5 Sound Controlled Time Delay LED OBJECTIVE To control an LED using sound Use the
53. to the battery The closed switch completes the circuit The resistor limits the current and prevents damage to the LED NEVER PLACE AN LED DIRECTLY ACROSS THE BATTERY If no resistor is in the circuit the battery may push enough current through the LED to damage the semiconductor that is used to produce the light LEDs are used in all types of electronic equipment to indicate conditions and pass information to the user of that equipment Can you think of something you use everyday that has an LED in it One Direction for LED 3 4 5 6 OBJECTIVE To show how electricity can only pass in one direction through an LED Rebuild the circuit used in Project 7 but put the LED in as shown on the left When you close the slide switch S1 current should flow from the batteries through the resistor and then through the LED When current flows through an LED it lights up Since the LED is in backwards current cannot flow The LED is like a check valve that lets current flow in only one direction In this project you changed the direction for current through the LED An electronic component that needs to be connected in one direction is said to have polarity Other parts like this will be discussed in future projects Placing the LED in backwards does not harm it because the voltage is not large enough to break down this electronic component 11 Project 9 Conduction Detector 3 4 5 6 OBJECTIVE To make a circuit that detects the c
54. uit in Project 61 Now remove the connection between T amp U and then make a connection between U amp Z The circuit works the same way but now it sounds like an ambulance Project 65 Light Controlled Sounds V OBJECTIVE To show a variation of the circuit in Project 61 Now remove the connections between U amp Z and between V amp W then make a connection between T amp U Now it sounds like a computer Project 66 Electronic Bombing Game OBJECTIVE To make an electronic bombing game Build the circuit at left It uses both Shorting Bar for jumper wires as permanent X Y or Z connections It also uses two 2 snap wires as shorting bars Paper Sheet to hide position of 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 Setup Player 1 sets the target by placing one shorting bar under the paper on row B C or D Player 2 must NOT know where the shorting bar is located under the paper A Qo shorting bar wd RRR nii The object is for Player 2 to guess the location by placing his shorting bar at positions X Y or Z In the drawing on the left Player 1 set up this hole at position D If Player 2 places his shorting bar across Z on the first try then he gets a hit He keeps guessing until he hits After each hit remove the shorting bars and slide the switch off and on to reset the sound Player 2 then sets the B C D side and player 1 tries his luck Shorting Bar for 8
55. uit that turns on and off an LED using the whistle chip Project 91 Touch Sound OBJECTIVE Build a circuit plays sound if you tap on the whistle chip Use the circuit from Project 89 Replace the photoresistor with the 1 l Use the circuit from Project 90 Replace the LED with the speaker histle chip WC T he whistle ch he LED flickers T Mcd RE Mec ene de i s SP Now you can hear the different sound as you tap on the whistle chip again and the LED may flicker for a longer time See how long the LED will stay on 41 Project 92 Project 93 Water Space War ll OBJECTIVE To use water to control the space war integrated circuit Use the circuit from Project 492 Move the jumper wires from points D1 and F1 to points D3 and F3 and try it again Does it work the same way See if you can get the same eight 8 sounds E OBJECTIVE To use your body to control the space war IC Water Space War OBJECTIVE To use water to control the space war integrated circuit Build the circuit shown on the left including the jumper wires going between it and the cup of water shown There will be sound as long as the wires are in the water Placing the wires out of and then back into the water will change the sound played there are eight 8 different sounds Project 94 Human Space War Use the circuit from Project 93 but instead of placing the jumper wires in the water to
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