Sunny Boy SWR 2500U
Contents
1. Further literature about the Sunny Boy inverter family e User Manual Sunny Boy 700 850 e User Manual Sunny Boy 2500U e User Manual Sunny Boy 2000 e User Manual Sunny Data e User Manual Sunny Data Control e User Manual Sunny Boy Control e User Manual SWR COM Socket Powerline Modem e Sunny Boy Info periodical newsletter with up to date information on the Sunny Boy e SMA CD products technical documentation driver e Manual Improved Powerline communication with the Sunny Boy Family Sunny Boy in the Internet All documentation and software concerning the Sunny Boy products is available on the Internet http Awww sma de Our Sunny Boy Homepage is updated daily and offers e the newest information concerning the Sunny Boy inverter family e the newest software e help concerning problems with your PV system e and of course all you might want to know about SMA Regelsysteme Those who want to know more about SMA Regelsysteme GmbH and its products are very welcome to visit us on our homepage This literature can be ordered from SMA for a small fee most of this although is available free of charge for download from WWW SMA DE SB2500U 11 EE 3 32 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U SMA in the USA Address e Telephone e Telefax eMail e Internet SMA in Europe Address e Telephone e Telefax eMail e Internet Technical Description SMA America2. V Fig 4 3 Output Power of the Sunny Boy 2500U SB2500U 11 EE 28 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 100 96 90 80 70 60 50 40 Wirkungsgrad 96 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 normierte Ausgangsleistung P Pacom Fig 4 4 Efficiency of the Sunny Boy 2500U SB2500U 11 EE 29 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Parameter List Sunny Boy 2500U All parameters are transmitted to Sunny Data or to the Sunny Boy Control when the Sunny Boy is configured The following table shows the available parameters Change by Change by tf trom toe fo SCHERER 8 Vosa V 25 600 9 re mm w me a TescuremZa MA o 18000 890 nstaior Vac Min Installer Operating mode PES EUER MPP operation Installer Memory func EMEN no function Installer tion Table 4 2 Parameter list Sunny Boy 2500U Installer Installer Installer Installer Installer Fred 44 Software BFR Version II Fixed Fred Installer Installer Installer SB2500U 11 EE 30 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 5 Appendix Certificate for Sunny Boy 2500U Underwriters Laboratories Listing Document Dated SB2500U 11 EE 31 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Information about SMA
3. ground leakage current of 1 A is exceeded This ground fault current is the result of a ground fault of the PV panel The inverter then has to indicate this condition and dis connect from the grid The inverter has to be reset manually it cannot restart auto matically In grid feeding mode the ground current is continuously monitored by two independ ent systems the sequential control system and the current control system If the maximum current intensity is exceeded the inverter switches to permanent disable Earth currentmax This is indicated by the red and yellow LEDs In addition the voltage between the ground and PV minus is monitored If the voltage exceeds the maximum value defined the failure GFDI Fuse Open is displayed and the inverter stops feeding to the grid This failure is indicated by the red LED The GFDI Fuse Open failure persists in case the GFDI fuse is defective SB2500U 11 EE 1 3 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 3 System Monitoring and Diagnosis The monitoring and control of PV systems is essential for the optimal energy yield the safety of your PV system and the long life of your PV components The Sunny Boy family inverters have various options for PV system control and monitoring This chapter will try to cover all different possibilities for the data trans mission the cabling circuits and how to eliminate and suppress any transmission fail ures 3 1
4. 20 3 5 Measurement Precision EEN 22 4 Technical RE 23 s RE elen e E EN SB2500U 11 EE 3 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 1 Introduction You have decided to use one of the most sophisticated devices and for the most ad vanced modular PV system technology by purchasing a Sunny Boy string inverter SMA string technology has revolutionized parallel grid feeding The SMA Sunny Boy String Inverters are the most successful photovoltaic String Inverters in Europe They convince with their outstanding qualities concerning the efficiency and reliability and make the installation of a PV system most simple and affordable Sunny Boy string inverters are the universal equipment for all applications small or large scale PV systems The Sunny Boy has complete on board islanding protection and meets safety operat ing standards and code requirements world wide In North America the Sunny Boy meets the requirements of UL 1741 NEC 690 building code requirements for photo voltaic systems will be met with the internal ground fault detector interrupter GFDI In Australia Sunny Boys are certified according to the Australian Guidelines and the regulations of the IEC950 In the United Kingdom Sunny Boys passed the tests in accordance with the engineering recommendation G77 The Sunny Boys comply with all regulations from the VDEW Association of German Electricity Producers for the supplementary grid feeding
5. 3 1 Example of data transmission via Powerline SB2500U 11 EE 15 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 3 2 Data Transmission with a Separate Data Cable Data transmission via Powerline is a reliable and affordable solution In electrical grids which are strongly influenced by high frequency disturbance such as those in industrial sites data transmission via Powerline may not be possible Communication between the Sunny Boys and the Sunny Boy Control or the PC can then be done with a separate data cable RS232 communication If only one Sunny Boy has to be connected to the PC the easiest way is direct cou pling via an RS232 port A maximum of 15 m is permissible between the PC and the Sunny Boy Single Sunny Boy P RS 232 E I c Electricity Grid PC e g 230 V 50 Hz or 120 V 60 Hz Fig 3 2 Example for RS232 communication with a single Sunny Boy 3 NOTE RS232 communication is only suitable for data transmission between a PC and one single Sunny Boy Us NOTE RS232 communication with a Sunny Boy is only a reasonable solution with direct connection to the PC If a Sunny Boy Control is used instead of the PC an RS485 connection is necessary See sec tion RS485 communication for details SB2500U 11 EE 1 6 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description RS485 communication In grids loaded with high interference several Sunny Boys can be connected to a PC or the Su
6. RS232 RS485 26 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Power Consumption Internal consumption during operation Internal consumption during stand by Efficiency Max Efficiency Ambient Conditions Tolerable ambient temperature Rel humidity Size amp Weight Enclosure type Size w x h x d Weight Certifications EMI Utility interaction Utility monitoring Low voltage regulation SB2500U 11 EE 27 Technical Description 7W lt 0 25 W gt 94 96 Nmax 13 F 140 F 25 C 60 C 0 100 class 3K6 NEMA 4X 17 08 x 11 61 x 8 42 inch 434 x 295 x 214 mm 70 Ib 32 kg in compliance with FCC regulations DIN EN 50081 part 1 EN 55014 EN 60555 part 2 EN 55011 group 1 class B DIN EN 50082 part 1 in compliance with UL1741 EN 61000 3 2 in compliance with UL1741 optional MSD VDEW E DIN VDE 0126 10 97 DIN EN 50178 4 98 VDE 0160 DIN EN 60146 part 1 1 3 94 VDE 0558 part 11 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 8 0 a an 6 0 T IA l d o d o o o pM 77 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 U A Fig 4 2 Maximum Input Current of the Sunny Boy 2500U 3000 2500 2000 1500 Prac W 1000 500 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 U
7. Technical Description 2 3 5 Grid Monitoring Conditions that cause the Sunny Boy to be disconnected from the grid e Over under AC voltage The grid voltage may be within a range of the requirements of UL1741 Once the grid voltage exceeds this range the Sunny Boy is disconnected from the grid within 0 1 s e Over under grid frequency The grid frequency may be within a range of 0 5 to 0 7 Hz of the nominal grid frequency while the voltage is within a range of 30 and 15 of the nominal grid voltage V once the frequency goes beyond this range the Sunny Boy is disconnected from the grid within 0 1 s Rate of change of frequency Once the frequency changes drastically while it is feeding to the grid the Sunny Boy disconnects within 5 s e Grid impedance measurement The Sunny Boy does not start to feed to the grid if the grid impedance Z is higher than an adjustable trip point The Sunny Boy is disconnected from the grid within 5 sec once the grid im pedance changes drastically within a short time or the impedance gets too high All values are adjustable by an authorized installer This new Sunny Boy disconnection concept provides maximal safety with neverthe less minimal necessary installation SB2500U 11 EE 3 1 2 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 3 6 Ground Fault Detector Interrupter GFDI The GFDI is supposed to interrupt the connection to ground of the PV panel in case a
8. input voltage of the Vpv control current to the grid grid voltage grid frequency power fed to grid grid impedance PV voltage to earth current from PV panels energy yield total operation hours total system start ups Sunny Boy serial number operating mode failure description for mode disturbance 20 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Mode Messages Stop Offset Waiting Grid monitoring MPP Search MPP V Const Disturbance Error messages F Bfr Srr F EEPROM F EEPROM dBh F Fac Bfr F Fac Srr F dZac Bfr F dZac Srr F Imax F Shut Down F MSD UAC F MSD FAC F MSD Meas F K1 Close F K1 Open F EarthCurMax S F EarthCurMax B F MSD ZAC F Offset F MSD Timeout F Vac Bfr F Vac Srr F VpvMax F Zac Bfr F Zac Srr F Watchdog F ROM SB2500U 11 EE Technical Description manual system stop offset calibration of the electronics grid conditions are not fulfilled yet checking grid grid impedance PV voltage is determined and set Sunny Boy is in MPP mode Sunny Boy is in constant voltage MPP mode failure communication between micro controllers is failing EEPROM cannot be read or written on EEPROM cannot be read or written on BFR frequency measurement value out of tolerable range SSR frequency measurement value out of tolerable range BFR impedance measurement value out of tolerable range SSR impedance measurement value out of tolerable range internal over current internal over cur
9. Data Transmission via Powerline Signal transmission between the Sunny Boy and the Sunny Boy Control or the PC is done with the grid connection via powerline This requires a minimum of installation see below The Sunny Boy must be equipped with a powerline modem for data transmission The PC must be equipped with the socket modem SWR COM This is already integrated in the Sunny Boy Control the specific controller for PV systems The PC or the Sunny Boy Control can be positioned anywhere within the in house network as they acquire data directly from the AC circuit For trouble free operation the Sunny Boys and the PC socket modem or the Sunny Boy Control must be connected to the same phase of the in house network If the communicating partners are connected to different phases the communication must be established with a so called phase coupling device The phase coupling device is available from SMA and must be installed by qualified personnel It will make com munication within the entire in house network possible SB2500U 11 EE 1 4 T SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Powerline 230 V 50 Hz Sunny Boy Control Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Powerline 230 V 50 Hz SWR COM PC Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Sunny Boy UR RS232 modem Seege mm co EIS E Powerline 230 V 50 Hz Sunny Boy Control Fig
10. Inc 20830 Red Dog Road Grass Valley CA 95945 530 273 4895 530 274 7271 iberdner sma america com http www sma america com SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Hannoversche StraBe 1 5 D 34266 Niestetal 00490561 9522 0 operator 00490561 9522 499 Sunny Boy Service 00490561 9522 100 main fax 00490561 52035 55 Sunny Boy Service mailto info sma de http www sma de Appendix drilling template SB2500U 11 EE 33 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH
11. Sunny Boy Control handles up to 50 Sunny Boys and assists the commissioning of the PV system Addi tional features are remote diagnosis via modem fax messages and more The data can be collected by a PC connected to the Sunny Boy Control Sunny Data Control is the software that manages the PV system and can display the data in nearly any desired way For details see the Sunny Data Control manual iennummer 1004201 Betrieb DT Device Overview NoName01 Et Pac detailed device information E Device Single Information OF x Serial Number 100420132 Device Type SunBC 05 Field Position JEN Transmission Quality Good 100 0 7 ME E Total E heute Betriebszeit Netz Ein Seriennummer Status Fehler 100420132 Betrieb short information Fig 3 5 Sunny Data Control user interface single device SB2500U 11 EE 19 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 3 4 Measuring Channels and Messages The communication supports a number of measuring channels and messages from the Sunny Boy inverters The following abbreviations are used BFR SRR Measuring Channels Vpv Vpv Setpoint lac Vac Fac Pac Zac Vpv PE Ipv E Total h Total Power On Serial Number Mode Error SB2500U 11 EE Betriebsf hrungsrechner Sequential Control System Stromregelungsrechner Current Control System PV input voltage PV desired
12. Sunny Boy SWR 2500U Technical Description Grid Tied String Inverter for Photovoltaic Systems SB2500U 11 EE2001 Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Alteration Review Document Issue Comments Number and Alteration SB2500UL Review 11 EE4900 0 1 UL version preliminary P Simon 11 EE1201 0 2 Split UL version 0 1 A Changes due to faulty documents or improvement of the documentation B Changes maintaining full or upward compatibility C Changes limiting or excluding compatibility SB2500U 11 EE 2 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Table of Contents 1 nitodHellolbee secre Aree A LA C ACA Ed 4 2 System Re le EE 5 2 1 String Technology EE 6 2 2 Diagnosis and Communication oue coc oio eo i Rel nU e Ln peor ema enit 8 2 3 Technical design of the Sunny Boy 9 2 3 1 Ambient Temperature cic aeree erase cov rer eH Iesse DD dude 9 2 3 2 Sequential Control System ENNEN 10 2 3 3 Stainless Steel Case EE 10 2 3 4 Islanding Protect uoo poete eto epe redet re ntl nds ee apte pmo 11 23 9 Ee Neen DEE 12 2 3 6 Ground Fault Detector Interrupter GEDI 13 3 X System Monitoring and Diagnosis sseeeeeeseeeenrtrneneseerrtrnnrtnesetrrnnrnnnnneseerrnnnn nnn 14 3 1 Data Transmission via Powerline eese 14 3 2 Data Transmission with a Separate Data Cable cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteees 16 3 3 PV System Management and Disgnosis EE 18 3 4 Measuring Channels and Messages an
13. ctricity company s power systems are relieved In the most simple case a PV system therefore consists of two basic components the PV panel and the inverter Photovoltaic Sunny Boy Modules String Inverter Electrical Grid Fig 2 1 Grid tied string inverter application SB2500U 11 EE 5 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 1 String Technology The experience with several thousand grid connected PV systems in Europe with an output range from one to several hundred kilowatts has shown that the costs for grid connecting and monitoring the PV system add up to almost 50 96 of the costs for the entire system The reduction of these costs especially the costs for the cabling on the DC side and the subsequent distribution on the AC side was the reason for de veloping the String Technology from SMA The Sunny Boy finally enabled the string technology to be the standard system design for PV systems String technology means that a small number of PV modules are connected in series to a string each string is then connected to a separate inverter which feeds the electricity of one string to the grid Large PV systems consist of a large number of single strings The energy produced is collected directly on the AC side which results in the fact that the system design gets very simple and no extraordinary DC cabling is necessary anymore String Technology allows MPP tracking for each small module group thus improvi
14. grid is not up and the electricity consumers and producers are accidentally equal resulting in the fact that the electricity circuits are on full blow even though the fuses are down The method of Sunny Boy islanding detection includes the active grid impedance measurement has been extensively tested and proven to exceed the requirements of UL1741 In the event of a utility outage these active measurement results in an over under frequency or voltage condition The Sunny Boy then is disconnected from the grid Two independent one chip computers monitor the grid Each of these com puters constantly monitors the grid quality by checking the frequency voltage and grid impedance The redundant circuit and an automatic self test on each system startup ensure a reliable function of the grid disconnection The value of the grid im pedance is the sum of the impedance of the public grid and the cabling impedance of the house i e cable of the house distribution to the connection point of the Sunny Boy It is therefore important to avoid an unnecessary increase of the grid imped ance due to the connection cable to the Sunny Boy Otherwise the grid voltage is in creased to non permissible values while the Sunny Boy feeds to the grid Es NOTE We recommend that you have a look at the connection wire between the Sunny Boy to the house distribution with respect to the impedance increase SB2500U 11 EE 1 1 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U
15. ng system efficiency by 1 396 The most various system concepts can be realized with this strategy A wide range of differently scaled inverters and peripheral components is available Sunny Boy Inverters e Sunny Boy 700 The small model for small PV systems with simple extension possibilities and configurable input voltage range e Sunny Boy 850 The output optimized inverter for PV systems with 1 kWp e Sunny Boy 1100E For PV systems with 1 kWp supports a wider input voltage range SB2500U 11 EE e 6 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description e Sunny Boy 2000 The transformerless string inverter with extended input voltage and increased efficiency ideal for large PV systems e Sunny Boy 2500U The powerful string inverter with electric separation ideal for large PV systems Additional Equipment for the Sunny Boy Inverters e Sunny Display Lid integrated LCD for all Sunny Boys cyclic display of all relevant operating data e Sunny Data The PC program for the communication with your Sunny Boy inverters e Sunny Boy Control The terminal for your PV system for data acquisition and evaluation for up to 50 Sunny Boys communication via Powerline or RS232 RS485 e Sunny Boy Control LIGHT Terminal for PV systems with up to 20 Sunny Boys communication via Power line e Sunny Boy Control PLus The terminal for your PV system for data acquisition and evaluation for up to 50 Sun
16. nny Boy Control via RS485 and a separate data cable Data cables of up to 1200 m are permissible SunnyBoy Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Control RS485 IE Seege Sunny Boy Sunny Boy Sunny Boy interface i A LI D e RS485 SES EE 959090 m i enn a0000000000 ST mnanoouoonu mm ooo BumH HERR ron Fig 3 3 Schematic layout of RS485 data transmission with several Sunny Boys SB2500U 11 EE 1 7 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 3 3 PV System Management and Diagnosis Sunny Data Sunny Data is used in order to establish a communication between a PC and your Sunny Boys and process and evaluate the data from these Selected measurement channels can be displayed online The data can be displayed manually or automatically The data is stored on any available mass storage medium Special functions allow the installer to modify the operating parameters of the Sunny Boy in order to improve the system performance Details are available in the Sunny Data manual Sanr Data Depabeiteg Messung Zozrige Spo Byssem Ogdoseen Feaale RS VAM schema PV Anlage Fig 3 4 Sunny Data user interface SB2500U 11 EE 18 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Sunny Data Control Large PV systems are supervised and monitored with a Sunny Boy Control The
17. ny Boys communication via Powerline or RS232 RS485 additional digital I O channels for nearly any sensor type continuous standalone data storage and remote access via modem etc e Sunny Data Control The PC program for visualization of the data from your Sunny Boy Control The Sunny Boy Family is the result of a consequent development with SMA s experi ence in PV conversion with over 60 MW of total nominal inverter output power in over 42 000 units with nominal powers from 700 W up to 500 kW date 03 01 SB2500U 11 EE 7 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 2 Diagnosis and Communication The modular PV system technology leads to a spread out distribution of the Sunny Boy String inverters A simple and fast function monitoring of the status and measured val ues for each single Sunny Boy is easy to achieve The data is either displayed on the LCD of the Sunny Boy Control or is shown on the screen of a PC running the according SMA software Two programs Sunny Data and Sunny Data Control are based on a comfortable Windows GUI and allow the user to process the data with other programs such as MS Excel The data transmission is done via Powerline see chapter 3 1 SMA supports the fol lowing monitoring strategies for Sunny Boy string inverters PC with software package Sunny Data for small and medium size PV systems also for Sunny Boy Control and Sunny Boy Control Light e Sunny Boy C
18. ontrol as standalone controller for nearly any PV system size PC with software package Sunny Data Control for enhanced operation together with the Sunny Boy Control These monitoring concepts support the following features e Continuous acquisition of operation data of all connected string inverters and their PV panels e Supervision of operating states and failure indication e Spotvalue transmission from single Sunny Boys Identification of failures in the single strings e Graphical representation of the data from single Sunny Boys or comparison of the data from several ones e System management transmission of operation parameters SB2500U 11 EE 8 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 3 Technical design of the Sunny Boy The Sunny Boy inverter is based on a power unit that operates with a very high effi ciency and optimal reliability An IGBT H bridge converts the voltage coming from the PV modules to a high frequency secondary circuit with 16 kHz The voltage is then fed to the grid after being processed by a transformer 0 RE 1 x Ma E E a Ka e EI e 1 o e Fe p E K Sequential Control System BFA Fig 2 2 Block circuit diagram of the Sunny Boy 2500U The Sunny Boy 2500U is designed for strings with 18 to 24 standard modules con nected in series A micro controller manages the current control which results in a perfectly sinus
19. rent continuous different values between BFR and SRR for grid voltage different values between BFR and SRR for grid frequency different values between BFR and SRR for dl Fac Vac or Zac Relay test failed Relay test failed SRR earth current between PV and GND is out of tolerable range BFR earth current between PV and GND is out of tolerable range different values between BFR and SRR for grid impedance Offset check for grid voltage failed BFR or SSR controller failure BFR grid voltage measurement value out of tolerable range SSR grid voltage measurement value out of tolerable range PV input voltage out of tolerable range BFR grid impedance measurement value out of tolerable range SSR grid impedance measurement value out of tolerable range Watchdog for operation control triggered failure of read only memory test EXP SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 3 5 Measurement Precision Any kind of measurement always depends on the accuracy The reproducibility of the meas urement values is conceived for an ambient temperature of 77 F 25 C Other tempera tures must be evaluated with respect to the inaccuracy resulting from these different tem peratures Maximal Ranae Resolution failure Display Measurement By 77 F input voltage Voy V 0 650 V 1 12 V zo Mrs grid voltage Vc V 180 300 V 0 3 V 1 Table 3 1 Measurement accuracy of the Sunny Boy SB2500U 11 EE 22 SMA Regel
20. s max input current max DC power recommended PV generator power voltage ripple all pole disconnection on DC side pole confusion protection ground fault protection mA SB2500U 11 EE 25 up to V PP Technical Description 207 V 550 V DC lt 600 V DC 13A DC 2710W DC 3450 W 10 optional external DC breaker short circuit diode ground fault detection I gt 1000 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Output values of the Sunny Boy utility side Nominal output power Maximum output power Operating range utility voltage Operating range utility frequency Total Harmonic Distortion THD Phase shift ref fundamental Utility monitoring Islanding protection Ground Fault Protection All pole disconnection utility Short circuit protection Overvoltage classification Testing voltage 50 Hz Testing voltage for surge 1 2 50 us External Interfaces Data transmission via Powerline Data transmission via separate cable SB2500U 11 EE PACnom 2200 W AC Pacmax 2500 W AC Vac 211 264 V AC fac 59 3 60 5 Hz THDjac lt 4 d 0 Vac fac Zac AZAC MSD in accordance with DIN VDE 0126 VDEW and UL 1741 IF in accordance with UL1741 D independent disconnection MSD redundant design double current controlled III 1 4 kV 1 5 s 4 kV serial interface 6 kV optional optional electrically separated
21. systeme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 4 Technical Data Input PV panel Maximum open circuit voltage of the PV panel WARNING It is essential to comply with the respective input voltage range which varies depending on the type and number of PV mod ules used WARNING The maximum open circuit voltage of the PV panel may not exceed the specified maximum input voltage of the Sunny Boy The open circuit voltage of the PV panel depends on the temperature of its cells and on the respective solar radiation The highest open circuit voltage of the PV panel occurs when the temperature of the cells is at its lowest point Therefore it has to take into account the lowest possible ambient temperature of the PV panel when planning the PV system Based on this temperature and knowing the type of PV modules used you can then determine the maximum open circuit voltage of the PV panel You can enter these data into our EXCEL tool GenAu and check whether the maximum admissible input voltage of the Sunny Boy is not exceeded under any possible operating conditions You will find this tool in the Internet for download at htto www sma de ftp energietechnik sunnyboy GenAu GenAu exe WARNING The MPP voltage of the connected PV modules may not get below the specified range at 160 U e p gt min input voltage range Es NOTE The Sunny Boy can tolerate a current higher than the speci fied current as long as the voltage is
22. to the low voltage electricity grid of the utility This contains the regulations concerning the Independent Disconnection Device known as MSD Mains monitoring device with allocated Switching Devices and the regula tions of the DIN VDE 0126 Furthermore the Sunny Boy complies with the according standards and the low voltage regulations as certified in the CE declaration see ap pendix Sunny Boy is a registered Trademark of SMA Regelsysteme GmbH SB2500U 11 EE x 4 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 System Description The reduction of CO emission and other pollution resulting from energy conversion is becoming more and more important The direct conversion of solar radiation to elec tric energy photovoltaics will play a substantial role in this essential matter Supplementary grid feeding includes the conversion of the DC voltage from the PV panel to grid compatible AC voltage with so called inverters and the subsequent connection to the electricity grid in the house distribution Here the electricity from the PV modules provides all consumers with electric power household devices lights etc In case that not enough energy is produced the addi tionally necessary energy is obtained from the grid In case that there is a surplus of energy this surplus is fed into the local grid and is therefore available for other con sumers This way every single kilowatt hour is utilized and the ele
23. wave AC current with very low harmonic distortion Both operation with a fixed voltage or with MPP tracking is possible 2 3 1 Ambient Temperature The heat sink of the Sunny Boy is necessary in order to let thermal energy dissipate Once the heat sink gets too hot the Sunny Boy reduces the output energy accord ingly but nevertheless keeps feeding to the grid SB2500U 11 EE 9 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 3 2 Sequential Control System The sequential control system also manages the communication with the system monitoring tools Sunny Data and Sunny Data Control The Sunny Boy therefore is not only a simple standalone device it can be part of one big PV system that has one central control and monitoring facility 2 3 3 Stainless Steel Case The case of the Sunny Boy is made of stainless steel which protects the inverter from dust and water up to enclosure type NEMA 4X The Sunny Boy can therefore be mounted nearly anywhere inside or outside the house with an ambient temperature range of 13 F 140 F 25 C to 60 C All applicable standards and regulations for personnel safety and EMI are complied with SB2500U 11 EE 1 0 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description 2 3 4 Islanding Protection Islanding protection is an essential safety issue in order to make sure that nobody working on the grid is harmed It is important to detect an islanding where the public
24. within the specified range SB2500U 11 EE T 23 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Technical Description Minimum MPP voltage of the PV panel Often a fixed lower MPP voltage limit of the inverter is not useful when the cells of the PV panel have very high temperatures This means the MPP voltage of the PV panel decreases and the inverter cannot feed the maximum power from the PV panel to the low voltage grid The inverter remains at the lower limit of input voltage and cannot follow the MPP of the PV panel Therefore the Sunny Boy has a flexible MPP voltage range There is a fixed ratio between the minimum MPP voltage V the Sunny Boy loads MPPmin onto the PV panel and the grid voltage V as shown in Fig 4 1 Depending on the current grid voltage the minimum DC voltage is assessed and fixed This flexible MPP voltage range lets the user make optimum use of the specific device characteristics while the energy yield is increased 270 260 250 4256 Volt 240 230 220 210 207 Vol 200 190 180 170 olt 160 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 Va V Ver min V Fig 4 1 Minimum MPP voltage in dependence of the grid voltage of the Sunny Boy 2500U SB2500U 11 EE 24 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Sunny Boy 2500U Input Values of the Sunny Boy DC side input voltage MPP range depending on VAC max open circuit voltage under all condition
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