Final Paper
Contents
1. Beyond the Book Flash Project Shelley Hayes Project Description This project is an add on module designed to augment an already created program called The Reader s Treasure which is designed to improve reading comprehension in gifted third grade readers Beyond the Book will take the reader outside the plot of the book and focus instruction on the central topic of the text which in this case is tsunamis The fictional book used in project development is Escaping the Giant Wave by Peg Kehert In this module students will explore tsunamis The program will be divided into two sections Tsunami Territory and Tsunami Warnings Each section will be interactive In Tsunami Territory students will interact with a world map to discover which regions are most susceptible to tsunamis They will also discover where some famous tsunami s occurred as they interact with the map In Tsunami Warnings the students will hear the story of the girl who saved her family along with all the tourists in her hotel because she remembered learning in school about the texture of the water when a tsunami was coming Then the students will identify which water textures are indicative of a coming tsunami and which ones are normal Problem Statement The Reader s Treasure was developed to offer gifted readers a challenging relevant activity to accompany their reading assignments Too often these students are overlooked or ne2. students can ultimately construct an idea about Tsunamis from the information experienced Assessment Methods and Feedback There will be no formal assessment but the students will be assessed as they progress through the program In Tsunami Territory users will have to correctly identify by clicking a map which regions of the world are most susceptible to Tsunamis In Tsunami Warnings students will have to identify which water pattern indicates a possible Tsunami They will also construct survival plans selecting the best choices and order of progression among the choices given Students will write a blog entry after watching the Tilly Smith video where they will reflect on the importance of education and the similarities between her story and the story Escaping the Giant Wave Audio and textual feedback will be given to the users as they progress through the module The feedback will scaffold the instruction helping the student both understand the structure of the program and the content within There will be both just in time and on demand feedback during every step of the program so the user always knows if he or she is on the right track Limitations and Constraints The time frame of the project the number and appeal of the graphics included in the project I am focused on making the project more of an interactive experience than a lesson with text next and back buttons and some quiz questions Unfortunately int
3. 1998 Papua New Guinea August 17 1999 Turkey December 26 2005 Indonesia Positive Feedback Chile Great Job that is Chile Great Job finding Alaska Yes that is the Philippines Yes Papua New Guinea is just northeast of Australia Yep that s Turkey Yes that is the area most affected by the devastating tsunami of 2004 Constructive Feedback Remember it was the southern part of Chile Though it was called the Alaskan earthquake it actually affected Canada as much as Alaska The Philippines are the small group of islands in southeast Asia New Guinea is just northeast of Australia This was the unusual case of a Tsunami encompassed by land masses Indonesia was the site of the devastating earthquake in 2004 Completion messages o all 6 matches Great Job You beat the time You are a Master Geographer You can click Restart to play again or you can click Next to continue o 3 5 matches ou got numberRight locations correct Great job You can either click Play Again to try for all 6 or you can click continue to go to the next section o 1 2 matches You only got numberRight locations correct You should go back to the previous page and learn more about these tsunamis e Interaction The user will drag the tsunami icon to the location that is prompted If the user makes the correct match positive feedback will appear and another icon will appear in the starting place
4. Student will view images and video nothing disturbing or mature about each famous tsunami e Once the student investigates all six tsunamis they will play a game to see if they can remember where the tsunamis hit If the student does not get at least three of the locations correct he or she will come back to the original world map to investigate the locations more thoroughly Tsunami Warnings Students will begin by selecting a subtopic warning signs Tilly s story or what to do In warning signs students will see a variety of ways to identify tsunamis through images and video tide rising or receding bubbling earthquake They will interact by clicking the audio video or image buttons e Students will control navigation of this section In Tilly s story students will watch a short 3 min video about a girl from England Tilly Smith Students will reflect on Tilly Smith and Escaping the Giant Wave by writing a Blog entry about Tilly and the similarities to the text e In What to Do students will identify the most sensible solution to evacuation from the choices given in three different scenarios critical thinking Prerequisite Knowledge Basic understanding of geography ie seen a world map before and knows approximately where the continents are located and how the bodies of water connect Some experience with computers enough be able to read and follow directions that will point them to an ic
5. make sure the student is not overwhelmed by this progression of thought help will be available to lead the student on a path to the answer The program will strive to balance cognitive load by following Mayer s 2003 theory on multimedia Whenever possible the program will use audio narration to describe a visual animation and will minimize situations where text and images must be used simultaneously The program will also limit extraneous information and minimize redundancy Finally the underlying theoretical principle of the program is based on Spiro s 1992 idea of Cognitive Flexibility which is rooted in constructivism but more specifically applicable to web based environments Basically Cognitive Flexibility Theory states that the learner will learn most efficiently when allowed to draw conclusions from multiple perspectives like creating an individualized puzzle that only makes sense to the creator But through this creation the user has a greater understanding of the topic than if the information was presented in a linear way by the teacher In Beyond the Book the user will have the flexibility to peruse the site in the way most suitable to him or her can spend more time in areas of interest and less time in other areas and by combining the experiences of the application interacting with a world map hearing a real world story constructing survival plans identifying signs of a tsunami and learning about how tsunamis form
6. If the user does not make a correct match constructive feedback will appear until the correct match is made Assessment Depending on the number of matches made in the 30 second time period the user will receive a completion message If the user gets 1 or 2 matches he or she will be required to branch back to the interactive map before being allowed to play the game again If the user gets 3 or 4 correct he or she will have the choice of branching back to the interactive map or playing again If the user gets 5 or 6 correct he or she will have the choice of playing again or continuing on with the application to the main menu Branching buttons all created within Flash o Back To Map back to interactive map Replay play map game again o Continue will branch to main menu 0 0 OO OO O oo0o0000 0 Q O OOO O Tsunami Warnings Main Menu Welcome to Tsunami Safety Use the black arrows to scroll through the choices Once the one you want is in the center click the picture to get started Click the surfboard at any time to return to the main menu TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE How does a Tsunami form What should you do if you are caught in a Tsunami Click the sign to find out f Tsunami Hazard Zone image tsunamihazard png leads to Signs and Symptoms Climbing image climp png leads to Create a Survival Plan Tilly s family image smithfamily jpg leads to Tilly s Story Two arrows back and next
7. buttons to scroll through the menu choices back png and next png Surfboard image returns to the main menu surfboard2 png Instructions Welcome to Tsunami Safety Use the black arrows to scroll through the choices Once the one you want is in the center click the picture to get started Click the surfboard at any time to return to the main menu o When Hazard zone is visible How does a Tsunami form What should you do if you are caught in a tsunami Click the sign to find out o When Tilly s family is visible Think you can t do anything if you re caught in a Tsunami Think again Watch how this ten year old saved her whole family and hotel Think you can t do anything if you re caught in a Tsunami Think again Watch how this ten year old saved her whole family and hotel o When climb image is visible Be Ready Click here to create your survival plan Interactivity The user scrolls to his or her choice using the black arrow buttons and then selects an area to visit Signs and Symptoms TSUNAMI THE RELATION WITH THE SEISMIC SOURCE return to the main menu Each one of these images represents different aspects of a Tsunami Press the play button under each one to learn more When you are done click the back icon on the bottom left to Tilly s Story e e Three images that depict tsunamis from left tsunamispeed jpg tsunamishappen jpg climb png Instructions Each one of these images r
8. ct whether a tsunami will form in given conditions Client Description The client for The Reader s Treasure project is third grade teachers at Cimino Elementary which is part of the Hillsborough County school district This module could also be generalized to any elementary school Target Audience The target audience of Beyond the Book when included in the parent program is third grade gifted readers This module though will also be able to stand alone as instruction and will be appropriate for 3rd 5th grade students The two year difference in grades actually presents quite a disparity in knowledge between the youngest and oldest potential users This problem will be solved with scaffolded segments and feedback both just in time and on demand These students will likely be socially diverse to accommodate these diverse needs students can either complete the module individually or in pairs although no special development will be implemented for pair work Task Analysis To accomplish the learning objectives the learner will Read minimal background material Interact with diagrams of the earth s crust Explore a global map Engage in predictive exercises Tasks Tsunami Territory Identify a world map Read as continents and regions are described Six specific tsunamis will be identified on the map using wave icons Each icon will bring up a new page with information about that specific tsunami
9. d embedded in a web page using Flash CS3 and ActionScript 3 0 Several graphical representations are needed most of which I hope to secure under a creative commons license I will use the International Tsunami Information Centre ITIC as the SME for the project and cite the content usage in the program Other content beyond ITIC may be necessary Learning Objectives Students will become familiar with the geography of the world and how that impacts tsunami formation Students will become familiar with the pattern of the oceans and understand how an earthquake in one part of the ocean can impact a land mass far away Students will realize that they too can make a difference and see a real world example of a student using her learning to save others contextualized meaning Students will use critical thinking skills to design survival plans in a three different circumstances on the beach in a house in town Students will understand the signs that can accompany tsunamis and understand too that signs are not always apparent Students will demonstrate that when a geologic event happens underwater the tsunami moves out in all directions not just toward one land mass therefore several landmasses in different areas can be affected Students will compare and contrast a fictional story with a real life student Instructional Strategies First Keller s ARCS model will be used to incorporate motivational elements into the program Th
10. e graphics and video will be used to earn the user s attention By including the story of a student who experienced a Tsunami creates relevance to the user Scaffolded concepts combined with just in time and on demand help will support learner confidence Understanding Tsunami s will hopefully grant the reader a greater understanding of Escaping the Giant Wave and in that contribute to learner satisfaction Beyond that the user will earn a key after completing this module that can be used in the parent program The Reader s Treasure Another important strategy employed in Beyond the Book is Vygotsky s scaffolding principles Roehler amp Cantlon 1996 I mentioned scaffolding already in this proposal but it is important enough to mention again here This program will attempt to push the student toward his or her zone of proximal development by increasing the complexity of ideas as each section progresses For example in the world map exercise students will begin by clicking on different tsunami icons After they finish four tsunamis they will be asked What do all these areas have in common The answer is that they all border the ocean This concept is foundational to understanding that the closer you are to the coast the more likely you are to experience a Tsunami Further many of the ideas presented to the student will require higher level thinking skills like the critical thinking survival exercise in Tsunami Warnings But to
11. epresents different aspects of a Tsunami Press the play button under each one to learn more When you are done click the back icon on the bottom left to return to the main menu button backbutton png Surfboard image returns to the main menu surfboard2 png Each image has a corresponding audio file From left tsunamispeed mp3 tsunamishappen mp3 safetyaudio mp3 Interactivity The user has control over which sound byte they listen to and when They can start and stop at their leisure and exit without listening The information they get here will help them complete the survival plan later Multimedia tsmithwebcast flv button backbutton png Instructions Meet Tilly Smith She is quite an amazing girl By remembering something she learned in Science class she saved many lives Press the play arrow to start Interactivity user will manipulate stop play and pause buttons as they view the video At the end of the video a link to The Reader s Treasure Social Media Classroom will appear that will take the student directly to the blog In the blog they will be instructed to share their thoughts about Tilly the impact she had on the people around her how her story ties in with Escaping the Giant Wave and the role of learning in their lives Assessment The teacher will evaluate the student s reflection in the blog using the attached rubric Feedback The instructor will provide feedback to students outside of the
12. er I can find the video I am looking for Audio will be used to support learning objectives Some audio will be descriptions of an animation that is happening on the screen others will be sound effects to let the user know that something has happened an earthquake for example Graphics will be used to visually represent the events leading up to a Tsunami Further an image of the earth will enable the user to visualize where Tsunamis happen Finally digital graphics will be used to simulate the conditions in a Tsunami The video that I hope to use is a news segment of a girl who saved her family and other tourists at her hotel after identifying the signs of the Tsunami in the water Alternatively there is plenty of footage of the Tsunami that I could include the less graphic versions High Level Flowchart tart lt gt y Style Guide Background Color custom background png Color Scheme Sea Green and browns Font Selection Main Title Heading Hawaii Killer Headings Impact Body Verdana Navigation Standard navigation buttons shaped like waves and surfboards used throughout Other links will be plain buttons or text only Flow Charts site map of branching A y Signs and Symptoms Tsunami Territory T Map ew tminieaA Phillinines Tilly s Story Create a survival plan Storyboards major screens look and feel Discussion outside link to SMC Beyond be Book
13. eractive experiences are much more media intensive than other types of programs a caveat that I will do my best to overcome Since I do not know much about Tsunamis I will rely on internet sites to give me all the information I need For the students this will be a good thing because I can go through and extract relevant information and present it in an interesting and engaging way Scope of the Project As mentioned above Beyond the Book is one module in a larger project called The Reader s Treasure accessible at www thereaderstreasure com This module has three sections which is fairly consistent with the rest of the project each section requires about 15 20 minutes to complete Deliverables The final product will include three separate sections delivered within one flash application embedded in a web page There will be no added user guide all necessary directions for use will be included within the program itself There will be a hardware and plugin guide for the teachers to ensure the computers are prepared properly Timeline Since the development paper is due 6 19 09 all graphics will have to be completed by then for inclusion in the storyboards A working draft will be available 7 10 09 for formative review A revised prototype will be completed by 7 17 09 Media Use The project will definitely incorporate audio and graphical images I am still debating whether to include a short video truly it depends on wheth
14. glected in lesson planning because on the surface they don t seem to have special needs like some other students in a typical classroom Gifted students need an environment where they can experience higher level cognitive exercises and work with like minded students Beyond the Book offers these exceptional students the opportunity to explore and make connections with the subject matter of the text There is often not enough time in a classroom situation for the teacher to both teach the basics of a book and include supplemental material in the instruction This module will give advanced readers the opportunity to satiate their desire for knowledge without taking valuable class time from the instructor Students who are not labeled as gifted may still have interest in discovering more about the book they read or perhaps are interested in tsunamis even though they didn t read the book Many science websites exist on the internet and are aimed at kids but they are predominately informational it takes a determined student to do the reading required to learn something This program will attempt to minimize reading and make learning happen through interaction thus letting the student discover his or her own knowledge This approach will likely appeal to the majority of students Learning Objectives Goals Understand how and why tsunamis form Explore the regions most vulnerable to tsunamis Identify major tsunami events e Predi
15. he main menu The surfboard surfboard1 png is available to take the user back to the main menu The next button nextbutton png will take the user to the drag and drop map game Interactivity The user clicks on each icon to learn more about the famous tsunami that occurred in that location They can proceed in any order and look at the info any number of times For each of the tsunamis the background arrow should align with the icon on the map and then the text should be placed within the background box Alaska background alaskainfo png text Largest North American Earthquake 8 6 magnitude Largest Wave Height 200ft Caused damage from Alaska to Hawaii background chileinfo png text The largest earthquake of the 20th century 9 5 magnitude Waves as tall as 100ft arrived in Chile within minutes of the earthquake Tsunami was most destructive in Hawaii and Japan Turkey background turkeyinfo png text Rare tsunami because it occurred within the enclosed sea of Marmara The maximum wave height was only around 15 feet but was nonetheless devastating to the coast This tsunami teaches us that tsunamis can start in any body of water not just oceans Indonesia background indonesiainfo png text The second largest earthquake ever recorded 9 3 magnitude One of the most devastating natural disasters in history Included several waves that topped 100ft in height The earthquake could be fe
16. hunami Tsunami Territory Click this surfboard to find out where tsunamis are most likely to form and to learn about some famous tsunamis Initial instructions read Beyond the Book Tsunami Hover your mouse over a surfboard to begin The surfboard on the left leads to Tsunami Territory TT and the one on the right leads to Tsunami warnings TW When the user hovers over the TT board it moves to the left and moves the TW board to the right These instructions appear Tsunami Territory Click this surfboard to find out where tsunamis are most likely to form and to learn about some famous tsunamis When the user hovers over the TW board it moves to the left next to the TT board These instructions appear Tsunami Warnings Click this surfboard to learn how to identify tsunamis and where to go if disaster strikes The user can select the menu items in any order they wish Tsunami Territory Tsunami Territory Each icon represents a famous tsunami Click effects When you are done click the next button to play a game on them to discover more about tsunamis and their devastating to test your knowledge or press the surfboard to return to the main menu Instructions Tsunami Territory Each icon represents a famous tsunami Click on them to discover more about tsunamis and their devastating effects When you are done click the next button to play a game to test your knowledge or press the surfboard to return to t
17. lt as far away as Alaska New Guinea background newguineainfo png text The New Guinea earthquake was relatively small 7 1 magnitude but the residents had no warning and the first tsunami wave hit the coast within one minute of the earthquake Two villages were completely swept away by the series of 30 foot waves These waves came very fast four waves hit the shore within 18 minutes Phillipines background philippinesinfo png text While the Philippines are prone to tsunamis the 1976 tsunami was the most destructive for the small islands 90 of damage and deaths were due to the tsunami only 10 of damage was due to the earthquake that came first Earthquake 8 0 magnitude Waves reached land within 5 minutes of the earthquake Tsunami Territory Game Can you remember where the famous Tsunami s were located As each location eA appears drag the tsunami icon to that a ae place Can you match all 6 in 30 seconds tsunami icon button png starts upper left part of stage next to instructions instructions Can you remember where the famous tsunamis were located As each location appears drag the tsunami icon to that place Can you match all 4 in 30 seconds Countdown timer black text yellow background in upper right corner 30 second start time Prompts May 22 1960 Southern Chile March 28 1964 Great Alaskan Earthquake August 16 1976 the Philippines July 17
18. on to click Some basic critical thinking skills Basic survival training fire drills are sufficient Knows what an earthquake is Understands what a wave is Program will be targeted at 3rd grade reading levels so students should be at least at that level Technical Analysis User To use the program the user must have A computer with a Windows or Mac operating system A sound card A video card Access to the internet DSL Cable or faster preferred for optimal performance A web browser IE Firefox Opera Safari Netscape Flash 9 or newer plugin installed Basic internet knowledge No specialized technical skill required In order to minimize technical skill requirements the program will be developed using recognizable design conventions and will not incorporate activities with a steep learning curve Technical Analysis Design Team To develop this program the designer must have all the resources required of the user plus Flash CS3 or newer A graphics creation manipulation application such as Photoshop or Illustrator Experience creating graphics in the graphics application Experience creating applications in Flash At least 2 GB of RAM to will likely be necessary though some may make due with 1 GB by using one application at a time Experience with digital video A digital video player installed on the computer Quicktime or WMP Design Analysis The program is going to be developed entirely within Flash an
19. program in response to the blog post This section will branch back to the Tsunami Warnings Submenu Create a Survival Plan Please select the icons that represent actions you should take if you think there may be a tsunami If you hover over the icon with your mouse you will see a description When you have made all of your selections press the Ww 6 s E Eight choices to include in survival plan Each is a rollover button If the answer should be correct a green circle is drawn around the icon If the answer is incorrect a red no symbol nosign png appears over the icon Here are the choices file name rollover statement and correctness audio png Listen for Warnings Correct climb png Go to Higher Ground Correct dive png Dive in the Water Incorrect tasklist png Plan in Advance Correct stairclimb png Go to the Highest Floor Correct panic png PANIC Incorrect tree png Climb a Tree Correct emergencyexit png Run Around Incorrect Also on this page is a back button backbutton png that goes to the tsunami warnings menu page and a surfboard surfboard2 png that leads to the main menu Instructions Please select the icons that represent actions you should take if you think there may be a tsunami If you hover over the icon with your mouse you will see a description When you have made all of your selections press the Next button to
20. s Cambridge MA Brookline Books Spiro R J Feltovich P J Jacobson M J amp Coulson R L 1992 Cognitive flexibility constructivism and hypertext Random access instruction for advanced knowledge acquisition in ill structured domains In T Duffy amp D Jonassen Eds Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum
21. vance If you live by or are going to visit the coast have a plan in place in case of an earthquake or tsunami warning Dive in the Ocean If you suspect that a tsunami is coming you should not stay on the beach or enter the water Run around You should never run around aimlessly You should always have a plan PANIC Even if you can feel the earthquake there is plenty of time to evacuate if you stay calm and remember your survival skills List of paper based materials Facilitator guide User manual Rubric for Tilly Smith Blog entry Hardware and Software Requirements Learner materials handouts Blogging Instructions and login information for Social Media Classroom Get Connected Student Information Sheet doc didn t end up including this in the project but I wanted to leave it here because I will definitely add it later References Keller J 2000 February How to integrate learner motivation planning into lesson planning The ARCS model approach Paper presented at VII Semanario Santiago Cuba Mayer R 2003 The promise of multimedia learning Using the same instructional design methods across different media Learning and Instruction 13 125 139 Roehler L R amp Cantlon D J 1996 Scaffolding A powerful tool in social constructivist classrooms In K Hogan amp M Pressley Eds Scaffolding Student Learning Instructional Approaches amp Issues Advances in Teaching and Learning Serie
22. view your plan The next button on this page records the users choices and places them into a data grid that can be viewed on the next page Each image and rollover statement appears in the two columns of the data grid and there are two data grid choices My Survival Plan and What not To Do In the what not to do section all three incorrect choices are included whether the user selected them or not es The survival plan page also has a back button backbutton png that returns to the tsunami warnings menu and a surfboard surfboard2 png that leads to the main menu The user can select each item on the grid and get more info which appears in the center of the screen directly below the grid Here are the feedbacks Climb to higher ground If you are on the beach and you feel an earthquake or hear tsunami warning sirens immediately head for higher ground Listen for Warnings Most areas that are susceptible to Tsunamis have an audio warning system that will signal a tsunami If you hear the warning you should immediately head for higher ground Climb to the highest floor If you are in a building and know a tsunami is coming and cannot leave to seek higher ground then you should climb to the highest floor in the building Climb a Tree This may sound silly but if you feel an earthquake you may not have time to seek higher ground If you see a wave coming you should climb the highest tree you can find Prepare in ad
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