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manual for profile measurement:operational field guidelines

1. 70 Figure 1 4 The Profile in a Graphical Format for an SPS Site 71 Figure 111 1 The Quarter Car Vehicle Simulation Model 83 Figure 111 2 Demonstration Program for Computing IRI with a Microcomputer 87 Figure 111 3 PROFSCAN IRI Computation for Profilometer and Dipstick Data 88 Abstract This manual describes procedures to be followed when measuring pavement profiles for the LTPP program using the K J Law Profilometer Face Technologies Dipstick and the rod and level Field testing procedures data collection procedures calibration of equipment record keeping and maintenance of equipment for each of the profiling methods are described Executive Summary The Long Term Pavement Performance LTPP program is a study of pavement performance at about 1 000 in service pavement sections The objectives of LTPP are to evaluate existing design methods e develop improved design methods and strategies for the rehabilitation of existing pavements e develop improved design equations for new and reconstructed pavements e determine the effects on pavement distress and performance of loading environment material properties and variability construction quality and maintenance levels e determine the effects of specific design features on pavement performance and establish a national long term pavement performance data base LTPP will collect data on in service pavement secti
2. 6 This scale factor should be saved on the system disk as well as on the backup system disk The new scale factors will be lost if the program is exited without saving the factors 2 4 4 Calibration of Front Wheel Distance Encoder Distance travelled by the vehicle as well as the vehicle velocity are measured by an encoder mounted on the left front wheel The encoder output is demodulated by the distance encoder 27 signal conditioning board and provides pulses to the computer for the computation of distance The distance encoder produces two signals in quadrature one signal is delayed by 90 degrees at 20 pulses per 1 ft 0 3 m traveled The quadrature detector signals allows true detection of motion in the presence of vibration in the encoder assembly To perform the encoder calibration an accurately measured section 1 000 ft 305 m to a mile 1610 m long must be utilized When it is logistically impossible to use an existing section e g one established by a state highway agency a new section will have to be measured out A tape measure should be used to measure out a 1 000 ft 305 m section on a reasonably level pavement with low traffic volume In this section the start and the end should be clearly marked A right angled square which is set flush with the door of the vehicle should be used to accurately locate the starting point of the test section Use this same method at the end of the test section to accurately locate the en
3. Run WP Dist n Elev 1 R Left 310 5 0 01 0 05 0 42 Elev 2 0 35 possible spike conditions Elev 3 0 29 Elev 3 0 08 0 26 0 15 Elev 3 0 30 Elev 3 0 40 Elev 3 0 26 0 00 Elev 3 0 26 105 C PROF ONSPS RD4 87B300 SPI Survey Date 20 08 1992 The following runs could contain 0 72 Elev 2 0 48 Elev 2 0 07 Elev 2 SPS 87B340 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 Elev 2 1 Left 17 0 0 62 SPS 87B340 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 2 Left 486 5 0 36 SPS 87B340 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 3 Left 242 0 0 03 SPS 87B320 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 5 Left 25 0 0 51 106 0 62 possible spike conditions Elev 3 0 65 Elev 3 0 43 Elev 3 0 00 Elev 3 0 55 SHRP LTPP PROFILOMETER DATA COLLECTION NARCO PMS AND PROCESSING SUMMARY STATE PROVINCE NAME WEST VIRGINIA GPS NUMBER 545007 DATE RUN RMSVA SLOPE SURVEYED NO IRI 4 167 MO VARIANCE 14 11 1989 1 142 57 2 145 86 3 145 13 4 142 36 5 143 00 Section mean 143 78 20 09 1990 1 152 52 5 156 11 6 157 31 7 154 34 8 155 86 Section mean 155 22 25 06 1991 2 158 62 3 160 03 4 158 87 5 161 58 6 160 94 Section mean 160 00 15 11 1991 1 150 42 2 151 62 3 149 33 4 145 77 5 149 17 EI ID i ed ES oo TO A er geme Cr eT E E i CEPA Ag pre et Section mean 149 26 30 04 1992 1 164 63 2 162 66 3 163 07 4 165 37 5 162 65 Section mean 163 67 107 PROFILOMETER DATA COLLECTION SHRP LTPP AND PROC
4. This involves the positioning of the rod by the rod person reading the level by the instrument operator and the recording of the measurements by the record keeper 50 4 3 2 Site Inspection and Preparation The two wheel paths in the outside travel lane should be marked using the following procedure 1 Clean loose stones and debris from both wheel paths to prevent slippage of the rod during measurements 2 Use a chalk line to mark a straight line in each wheel path This line should be 32 5 in 0 8 m from the center of the travel lane The center of the travel lane should be located using the following guidelines Case I Where the wheel paths can be easily identified the center of the travel lane is considered to be midway between the two wheel paths Case 11 Where the wheel paths are not clearly identifiable but the two lane edges are well defined the center of the travel lane is considered to be midway between the two lane edges Case III Where only one lane edge is well defined the center of the travel lane is considered to be 6 ft 1 8 m from the edge The method by which the wheel paths were located should be noted in the comments field of the Rod and Level Data Collection Form see Appendix VII This will help in locating the wheel paths used for profile measurements at a future date Measurements have to be taken along the wheel paths at 1 ft 0 3 m intervals The locations at which readings are to be taken can
5. 3 ft from the center of the outside wheel path A comment should be entered in the data sheet on how the starting point was determined The initial elevation is arbitrarily established as zero and the subsequent readings are recorded relative to this benchmark The combination of these measurements provide a measure of the pavement cross slope To begin the transverse profile measurements the Dipstick is placed at the outside edge of the pavement starting at Station 0 00 with the start arrow pointed towards the pavement centerline see Figure 3 1 If the manual Dipstick is being used the measurements should be recorded on the Transverse Profile Data Collection Form If the auto read Dipstick is used it should be triggered to record the readings The Dipstick operator should complete two runs per transverse profile of each SHRP section one run up the transverse line and a return run back along the transverse profile to complete the closed loop survey 3 3 4 3 Quality Control for Transverse Profile The total accumulated error in the transverse profile measurement shall be established by a closed loop survey The forward and return run along a transverse section is utilized to compute this error The maximum allowable error for the transverse profile measurements is 0 076 mm per reading or 1 8 mm total 0 003 in per reading or 0 072 in total for a transverse run 7 32 m 24 ft long 3 66 m up and 3 66 m back 12 ft up and 12 ft back For a t
6. 32 172 ft sec or 9 81 m sec The calibration coil is aligned with the sensing axis of the accelerometer so that accurate calibration can be performed even if the vehicle is not level An accelerometer scale factor is computed so that the A D converter output change due to the coil current representing 1g excitation when multiplied by the scale factor results in exactly a 1g change During calibration the displacement of the vehicle body is measured Therefore care must be taken so that the vehicle does not move during the calibration test The following steps should be followed to calibrate the accelerometers 1 From the Main Menu Section 2 3 4 select C followed by Return to enter the calibration menu The menu shown in Section 2 3 5 1 is displayed 2 Enter A and Return to start the accelerometer calibration When this command is entered the program takes 200 readings of each accelerometer then computes and displays the mean as the zero value on the monitor 3 Turn on the 1g test current to each accelerometer This causes 200 more readings to be taken on each accelerometer The 1g mean is computed and the program takes the difference between the means for each accelerometer 4 If the 1g values are more than 1 away from nominal values a message that calibration values are out of tolerance is displayed 5 If Y is the response to the prompt for new scale factors the new scale factors are computed and stored in memory
7. 88 pp 95 Appendix IV Results of Profscan Software 97 PROFSCAN SUMMARY REPORT Friday May 21 1993 10 18 55 SETUP Spatial Filter Wavelength 300 0 Start Method PHOTOCELL Stop Method LARA Wavelength Initialization DISABLED Speed 48 20 mph SURVEY LOCATION GPS deis 545007 Begin Oper Driver BASEL SCOTT Edessa Date 30 04 1992 LanB IN 1 Tibia 14 13 20 Direction WEST BD Station O 500 Horizontal Offset CONDITIONS Pavement BOSC 5c RC US 50 Surface Mat l P CC Surface Cond POOR Weather Temperature 60 F EQU ds OVERCAST OCENE r iv 33 2 PRE OVERLAY TESTING RUN IRI 1n M1 DISPLACEMENT INCLUDE POSSIBLE LEFT RIGHT BOTH in IN STAT SPIKES r ___ __ __ 1 1_____ _ _ lt S_ T T _ 2Rqccg_r _ _ J 1 140 10 189 16 164 63 15 59 Yes No 2 139 76 185 56 L 162 66 15 40 Yes Yes 3 140 09 186 06 163 07 15 44 Yes No 4 140 50 H 190 25 H 165 37 H 15 66 Yes Yes 5 139 35 L 185 95 162 65 L 15 40 Yes Yes Minimum 139 35 162 65 Maximum 190 25 165 37 Mean 1 141 35 189 26 165 31 Mean 139 96 187 40 163 68 Mean 1 138 56 185 52 162 03 Std Deviation 0 38 1 92 1 12 2 of Mean 2 79 3 74 3 27 Coef of Vari 0 2 1 0 0 6 YOU HAVE SUFFICIENT RUNS mg ee c c e bb ba ajzojlS N l See file 545007 SPI for details
8. L Lowest value H Highest value 98 REMARKS GPS 545007 Run Comments E Qi Sit iii 1 End of run RUN OK Final Field no 11 or sats some potholes in rwp preoverlay patches RCO 2 End of run RUN OK Final Field no 11 or sats some potholes in rwp preoverlay patches RCO 3 End of run RUN OK Final Field no 11 or sats some potholes in rwp preoverlay patches RCO 4 End of run RUN OK Final Field no 11 or sats some potholes in rwp preoverlay patches RCO 5 End of run RUN OK Final Field no 11 or sats some potholes in rwp preoverlay patches RCO 6 End of run Final Field RCO 7 End of run Final Field RCO 8 End of run Final Field RCO 9 End of run Final Field RCO 99 Wednesday May 26 1993 16 06 10 SETUP Spatial Filter Wavelength 300 0 Start Method PHOTOCELL Stop Method A Wavelength Initialization DISABLED Speed 48 70 mph SURVEY LOCATION WIM 371993W Begin Oper Driver SCOTT DOUG Eidos Date 13 12 1992 Lane LN 1 Time 11 39 43 Direction NORTH Gtatlol s os O 500 Horizontal Offset CONDITIONS Pavement POAC PRN 6 ST 421 Surface Mat l A CC Surface Cond NEW Weather Temperature 55 F Cloud CLEAR OUNCY 4 dass RUN Hesene IRI 15 11 ce DISPLACEMENT INCLUDE POSSIBLE 7 LEFT RIGHT BOTH in IN STAT SPIKES O 1 122 68 148 12 135 40 12 82 Yes Yes 2 130 74 152 65 141 70 13 42 No Yes 3 120 73
9. Under NY GPS WIM and SPS subdirectories should exist This is especially important now since profilometer data will be collected from WIM sites at least once every two years and the WIM sites will use the same name as the GPS section closest to the WIM location The profilometer files HDR and C should then be moved into the PROF NY GPS path When using the same file section name care must be taken to set up separate directories for transfer and analysis of data to avoid over writing files If there is more than one set of data for a section then separate directories ie directories for Rdl Rd2 etc should be made NOTE In addition the names of subdirectories must match those of the regional office This will ensure that any archived files from the profilometer will automatically be located in the correct subdirectory on the regional office computer when the restore is made ie there must be identical directory trees on both computers 1 7 Starting PROFSCAN To start the program it is necessary to be positioned in the PROF directory and then type prof RETURN I 8 The Main Menu A Main Menu will appear across the top of the screen with the System Profscan Restore 63 and Quit options being the only four user selectable options available Use System to get system information and some utilities and Quit to return to the DOS prompt This version of the software can be most effectively operated with
10. e a 0 4 a t 0 2 1 o 0 0 n 70 End Direct South To 500 50 Distance 0 0 100 1 200 2 300 3 400 4 500 5 Right WP Left WP PgUP Prior PgDn Next ESC quits F2 Screen Dump Figure 1 3 The Profile in a Graphical Format for a WIM Site Study SPS 87A310 Date 24 04 1992 Run 1 Road HWY 400 Start End Lane LN 1 Direct West Bd From 851 00 To 1351 50 Distance 851 0 951 1 1051 1151 1251 1352 E 2 2 l E 17 V 1 1 t 0 6 0 0 n Right WP Left WP PgUP Prior PgDn Next ESC quits F2 Screen Dump Figure I 4 The Profile in a Graphical Format for an SPS Site 71 elevations graphically by selecting a 100 ft interval then display the data from 1200 ft 1300 ft for the left wheel path only During the plot the current wheel path can be aborted by pressing ESC After the plot is completed use PGUP or PGDN to scroll along the length of the section assuming that a plot interval specified is less than the total length of data or press ESC to quit The plots can be printed by using the F2 key which is the screen dump key Press this key after all plotting is done Refer to Appendix II for instructions on manipulating the profilometer data 1 12 Report The report option from the PROFSCAN menu allows the user to produce formatted reports to one of three destination devices Screen File or an attached Printer Refer to Appendix II REPORT DESTINATIONS for more information The rep
11. gt Y e Elevations in 100 87 Elevations in 71 75 rra l l O RS PO E COMMENTS Elevations in Ds Nu d RN NIE p 50 122 Distance ft 11 12 21 25 STATE CODE SHRP SECTION I D DATE DIPSTICK SERIAL NUMBER OPERATOR RECORDER DIPSTICK READING S Es vo p p i 0 50 15 m 1 50 45 m 2 00 30 m 60 m 2 50 75 m 3 00 90 m 3 50 105 m 4 00 120 m 4 50 135 m 5 00 150 m LOCATION FORM S1 December 1992 123 DIPSTICK FIELD ACTIVITY REPORT SHRP REGION STATE CODE SHRP ASSIGNED ID STATE TESTING DISTRICT LTPP EXPERIMENT CODE ROUTE HIGHWAY NUMBER EQUIPMENT SERIAL NUMBER TESTING DATE SHEET NUMBER WEATHER DIPSTICK PRE OPERATION CHECKS initials TIME READY TO TEST BEGIN TESTING END TESTING START TRAVEL END TRAVEL DOWN TIME HOURS REASONS i M DUM AM c iii e O RR a e MM ADDITIONAL REMARKS L a rt art ts ereto aa TO et tpt es A e a i____ m mt_ m m m rm m __ _rmT_ T_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ gt t m_ __ _ _ _ gt gt t m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DIPSTICK PROFILE CREW TRAFFIC CO
12. permits changing time and or the date RUN REPLAY runs the profile replay utility HEADER MENU lists deletes and copies header files TRANSFER FILES TO IBM calls the KERMIT routine to transfer files to a format that can be read by a IBM compatible computer 17 P RUN PROFILE runs the profile program H PRINT HELP FILE prints the HELP file X Exit All commands are executed by typing the appropriate letter from the menu and then pressing the Return key If the operator makes a mistake the typed character can be deleted with the Backspace key 2 3 5 Calibration Checks The following calibration checks should be performed before profile measurements are taken 1 Displacement Sensor Check 2 Bounce Test 2 3 5 1 Displacement Sensor Check The displacement sensor check is a test of the non contact displacement sensors to determine if they are within tolerance Distances from the vehicle body are measured during this test so extreme care must be taken to ensure that the vehicle is absolutely still during this check If any movement occurs during this check for example due to wind it may be necessary to move the vehicle to an enclosed building or park it on the side of a building protected from the wind The displacement sensor check should be repeated separately for left and right sensors To initiate the displacement sensor check select C Run Calibrate from the Main Menu see Section 2 3 4 Then the following menu will
13. 14 2 2 5 Labelling Disks Disk labeling standards are important so that all personnel will be able to understand where the data originated based on the disk label Labels will be created using the following format for GPS sections 1 Line 1 ID xxxxxx where xxxxxx is the SHRP section number 2 Line 2 Volume x of y where x is the number of the current disk in the set and y is the total number of disks in the set 3 Line 3 Copy x where x is the number usually 1 to 3 4 Line 4 Profilometer SN xxx where xxx is the serial number of the Profilometer vehicle 5 Line 5 MM DD YY where MM DD YY is the month date and year that the testing was performed Example GPS Section ID 263456 264567 265678 Volume 1 of 1 Copy 1 of 3 Profilometer SN 007 Date 08 28 91 The above label tells that the data was collected from GPS sections 263456 264567 and 265678 on August 28 1991 2 3 Field Testing 2 3 1 General Background Collection of profile data is the primary responsibility of the Profilometer operator The procedures to be followed each day prior to and during data collection with respect to daily checks of vehicle and equipment start up procedures setting up the software for data collection and using the software for field data collection are described in the following sections The following sections will describe the procedures to be followed when testing General Pavement Studies GPS sections Some
14. 2 1 A blank Profilometer Field Activity Report SPS is included in Appendix V 32 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report SPS SHRP Region North Central Region State Michigan SPS Section SPS 6 Number of Sections used in Profilometer Runs 2 File Name 2606X1 Stations 122 50 134 00 154 50 177 50 181 50 SHRP ID File Name 2606X2 Stations 291 00 413 50 424 50 429 00 SHRP ID File Name Stations SHRP ID Figure 2 1 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report SPS 260603 260604 260605 260607 260608 260609 33 2 7 3 Operating Speed The guidelines described in Section 2 2 3 1 should be followed when testing SPS test sections When SPS sites are tested the transition area between the sub sections may be used to adjust the vehicle speed to 50 mph before the next section is tested If there is traffic in front of the Profilometer vehicle its speed can be initially decreased in the transition section to increase the distance to vehicles ahead The Profilometer can then be brought up to a constant speed of 50 mph 80 kmph before entering the next test section 2 7 4 Event Marks Event marks are used to identify the starting point of each test section within a SPS site The Profscan program uses these event marks to compute the IRI of each test section 2 7 5 Number of Runs Each test section within a SPS site should satisfy the Profscan criteria see Section 2 2 4 2 T
15. 2 3 6 6 Options Setup INDEX ENABLED RIDE QUALITY INDEX IRI WHEEL PATH RIGHT AVERAGING INTERVAL 500 feet INDEX CALCULATION SPEED 50 0 mph FILTER REINITIALIZATION DISABLED STORE HEADER OPTIONS Map enter LETTER for option RETURN to proceed or X to exit The fields wheel path and averaging interval need to be changed in this menu Wheel path should be set to BOTH to cause the computed ride quality index to be displayed as the average across both wheel paths This is done by pressing W and Return twice The averaging interval should be changed by pressing A and then entering 100 When the Index Option switch is set to ENABLED the DEC computes the specified ride quality index When the Ride Quality Index is set to IRI the International Roughness Index IRI is computed for each run The Index Calculation Speed which is used to compute the ride quality index should always be set to 50 mph regardless of the measurement speed of the Profilometer 2 3 7 Data Collection Once all the header menus are completed the System Change Setup Menu will be displayed SYSTEM CHANGE SETUP MENU SYSTEM SETUP RUN IDENTIFICATION RUN LOCATION RUN CONDITIONS RUN CONTROL OPTIONS SETUP RECALL EXISTING HEADER STORE HEADER SETUPS a mn yga gt 24 enter LETTER for option RETURN to RUN or X to exit Choices A through F sends the operator to the menus previously discussed After all of the header file information has been ente
16. Both these reports must be attached to the associated Field Activity Report The Profscan Manual Appendix I of this book contains a sample Summary Report and Spike Reports 2 7 Testing SPS Sections 2 7 1 General Background This section describes procedures to be followed when testing SPS sites The procedures for testing SPS sites are based on those used for GPS sites This section describes the exceptions to the GPS procedures that must be followed for the SPS sites A SPS site consists of a number of test sections with a transition area between the different sections During a Profilometer run at a SPS site profile data are collected for the entire site which includes test sections as well as transition areas 2 7 2 Length of Test Sections Unlike the GPS test sections which are always 500 ft 152 m the length of SPS sites vary The virtual memory in the computer can only store profile data up to three miles If an SPS site is longer than 3 miles 4 8 km it is necessary to test it in sections If two files exist for one SPS site the SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Report SPS shown in Figure 2 1 should be filled out and attached to all generated profiles For example a SPS 6 site which is in Michigan State ID 26 when broken into two sections would create two files 2606X1 and 2606X2 see Section 2 7 6 for file naming convention These filenames as well as the sub sections contained in each file should be recorded as shown in Figure
17. Highway Research Program SHRP SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council that was authorized by section 128 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 The operating procedures described in this manual for the equipment in the K J Law Profilometer were obtained from the Road Profilometer Model 690DNC User s Manual Certain material relating to the operation of the Dipstick was obtained from the Instruction Manual for the Dipstick by Face Construction Technologies Inc The following registered trademarks are used in this document Dipstick is a trademark of Face Construction Technologies Inc Profilometer is a trademark of K J Law Engineers Inc IBM is a trademark of International Business Machine Corporation DEC is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation 111 Contents Up ARA A OG oe wlohe cp hd TD a int 1 Executive Summary L LLL 3 Mna E 5 1 1 Overview of the SHRP and the LTPP Program 5 1 2 Significance of Pavement Profile Measurements 5 1 3 Profile Data Collection eee LLLI 5 1 4 Overview of the Manual 0000000 LLL LLL 7 2 Profile Measurements Using the K J Law Profilometer 9 2 1 Introduction LL 9 2 2 Operational Guidelines 9 2 2 1 SHRP Procedures 0 0 0 0 0c cece eee eee ee 9 2 2 2 General Operations 10 2 2 3 Field Operations unnan aaa LLL LLL 11 2 2 4 Number of
18. Menu see Section 2 3 4 select P run profile Answer Y to the question Do you want to record profile 19 10 11 12 Answer N to the question Do you want to use an existing header file Then the Surface Profile Setup Menu see Section 2 3 6 1 will be displayed In this menu select T and enable the Test Mode Oscillator Proceed to the Run Identification Menu see Section 2 3 6 2 and input any arbitrary six characters to the section number Proceed to the Run Control Method Menu see Section 2 3 6 5 and select Start Method Pendant and Stop Method Pendant Proceed to Options Setup Menu see Section 2 3 6 6 and change the wheel path as both and the averaging interval to 100 Proceed to the System Change Setup Menu see Section 2 3 7 and press Return to enter the run mode Depress the start pendant then exit the vehicle Stand on the rear bumper of the vehicle and rock the vehicle back and forth and side to side by shifting your weight from foot to foot During this bouncing of the vehicle the output displayed in the monitor should remain static and show no or very little variation The stop pendant should then be depressed after 15 30 seconds The computed IRI should normally be less than 5 If the IRI exceeds 10 usually this is the result of lost lock Perform the test again but on a different surface If the IRI is still high the accelerometers should be calibrated using the procedure outlin
19. Pavement Performance Program LTPP is study of pavement performance in different climates and soil conditions at about one thousand in service pavement sections in all fifty states of the United States and in participating provinces in Canada For purposes of pavement data collection and coordination the U S and participating Canadian provinces have been subdivided into four regions each served by a Regional Coordination Office Contractor RCOC The regional boundaries defining the jurisdiction of each RCOC are shown in Figure 1 1 1 2 Significance of Pavement Profile Measurements The longitudinal profile along the wheel paths in a pavement can be used to evaluate the roughness of the pavement by computing a roughness index such as the International Roughness Index IRI The change in the longitudinal pavement profile over time which is directly related to the change in roughness with time is an important indicator of pavement performance Hence one aspect of the LTPP program is to collect pavement profile data of in place pavement sections for use in improving the prediction of pavement performance 1 3 Profile Data Collection The primary device used to obtain pavement profile measurements for the SHRP LTPP program is the Model 690DNC Inertial Profilometer manufactured by K J Law Engineers Inc Each RCOC operates one Profilometer to collect data within its region The operation and maintenance of the Profilometer and the storage of t
20. Runs LLL L LLL 12 2 2 5 Labelling Diskettes LL 15 2 3 Field Testing Linee 15 2 3 1 General Background LL 15 2 3 2 Daily Checks on Vehicle and Equipment 16 2 3 3 Starting the Generator oana 000000000 LL 16 2 3 4 Setting up the Software 17 2 3 5 Calibration Checks LL 18 2 3 6 Entering Header Information 20 2 3 7 Data Collection cc ee eee ee 24 2 3 8 Data Backup LL 26 2 4 Calibration LL 26 2 4 1 General Background 26 2 4 2 Calibration of Non contact Sensors 26 2 4 3 Calibration of Accelerometers ii 27 2 4 4 Calibration of Front Wheel Distance Encoder 27 2 5 Equipment Maintenance and Repair 29 2 5 1 General Background oo 29 2 5 2 Routine Maintenance s egaa da ee eee Bea 29 2 5 3 Scheduled Major Preventive Maintenance e e 29 2 5 4 Unscheduled Maintenance 4 0 29 2 5 5 Specific Repairs Adjustment Procedures o e see eee 29 2 6 Record Keepitig cri Pil e o da oa PR 30 2 5 1 Daily Check List assiro pa a AS 31 2 6 2 SHRP LTPP Major Maintenance Repair Activity Report 31 2 6 3 SHRP Profilometer Maintenance Data Gasoline 31 2 6 4 Profilometer Calibration Log o B B Be 31 2 6 5 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activit
21. Spike conditions are logged to a file extension SPI for review Suggested Value 0 10 in 65 System Analyze Data Report Backup Window Edit Main Analysis Parameters Profilometer Serial No SN007 Dipstick Serial Number 30024 Spike threshold 0 10 Summary Interval 100 Seed X 36ft into run X User selectable runs Tolerance on mean 1 0 Tolerance on Standard Deviation 2 0 Mays Coefficients First Second Third 20 23 58 lt lt OK gt gt Figure 1 1 The Analysis Parameters 66 11 Summary Interval defines an interval at which IRI values are summarized and reported Use a value of zero 0 to report IRI at the end of the run Suggested Value 100 ft iii Seed 36 ft into run locates a seed elevation at 36 ft from the beginning of the run to start the recursive IRI calculation Set to Y if the program is to do so otherwise use N and enter a distance Suggested Setting Y iv User Selectable Runs allows you to manually remove runs from the statistical analysis Refer to Summary under REPORT for more information Suggested Setting Y v Tolerance on Mean defines as a percentage of the mean IRI the maximum that the IRI of a run can deviate from the mean IRI The latter is determined on runs identified from the user selected runs Also refer to IRI below Suggested Value 1 0 vi Tolerance of Standard Deviation defines as a percentage of the mean IRI the maxim
22. The operator will then select the letter E and Return to enter the operator driver names Upon completion of this menu press Return to proceed to the next menu 2 3 6 3 Run Location A ROAD DESCRIPTION xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 32 MAX B LANE MEASURED xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 16 MAX 22 DIRECTION xxxxxxxx 8 MAX HORIZONTAL OFFSET xxxxxxxxxxxx 12 MAX BEGINNING DESCRIPTION xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 24 MAX ENDING DESCRIPTION xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 24 MAX maya enter LETTER for option RETURN to proceed or X to exit All items in this menu must be completed Entering the appropriate letter and pressing Return allows the insertion of the required entry Each entry is terminated by the Return key For road description enter the route number After filling in the appropriate data press Return to access the next screen 2 3 6 4 Run Conditions A ROAD SURFACE MATERIAL xxxxxxxx 8 MAX B ROAD CONDITION xxxxxxxx 8 MAX C TEMPERATURE xxxxxxxx 8 MAX D CLOUD CONDITION xxxxxxxx 8 MAX E OTHER xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 24 MAX enter LETTER for option RETURN to proceed or X to exit Entering the appropriate letter and pressing Return allows the insertion of the required entry Each entry is terminated by the Return key The road surface material should be entered as A CC if the surface material is asphalt or as P CC if the surface material is concrete The road condition should describe the surface condition of th
23. These values are then used to determine if the criteria of five 5 runs with at least three 3 within the mean 2 and whose standard deviation does not exceed 7 of the mean where is user specified as described above have been met The results of the test are displayed on the screen To abort the analysis of a run type ESC The user will be asked to proceed with the next run over the section or to abort the analysis completely NOTE An aborted analysis will usually produce incorrect summary statistics To obtain correct results the program must be allowed to run completely through the data 1 11 Data The Data option will allow you to view and edit the information contained in the header file print the headers of all the runs or view the elevations in a graphical format Use the lt Next gt lt Prior gt lt First gt lt Last gt options to move to different headers of different runs on the section Most of the information displayed here are editable using the lt Edit gt option The lt Print gt option is used to print the headers of all the runs This is the Default Button of this screen and just like any other Default Button with double angle brackets it can be executed using the CTRL ENTER keys together The lt Plot gt option is used to display the elevation data collected by the profilometer in a graphical format as shown in Figures 1 2 1 3 and 1 4 for a GPS WIM and SPS site simultaneously It can show both wheel paths
24. be displayed Enter Scale Factor Via Keyboard Record all Scale Factors on Disk Accelerometer Calibration Left Displacement Sensor Calibration Right Displacement Sensor Calibration Display Profile for Bounce Test Display Left and Right Displacement Sensors Display Accelerometer Outputs Display Rate Gyro Output Wheel Encoder Calibration Exit Program XLXONTARDOR The following steps are to be followed during the displacement sensor check 1 Enter R and Return to start the non contact sensor calibration for the right sensor L for the left sensor 2 A prompt to insert the calibration plate under the light source and to level it is then displayed Place the calibration plate below the light source Level the plate by adjusting the three leveling screws until the bubble on the plate is 18 centered If the plate cannot be leveled because of rough pavement grade move the vehicle to a more level and smooth surface After the plate is levelled enter Y and Return which signals the computer to take 200 readings and compute a mean for the lower level The computer program will then prompt for the insertion of the 1 0 in 2 5 cm block Carefully place the block on the plate under the light source Enter Y and Return The program will then take 200 readings and compute a mean for the upper level Then the difference between the means of the lower and upper levels will be computed If this difference is within 0
25. cases it may be possible to perform measurements on a damp pavement with no visible accumulation of surface water In these circumstances run to run variations and potential data spikes should be closely watched A spike threshold value is used to identify spikes When two consecutive elevations have a difference in excess of this value and the next elevation is such that the middle point becomes either a maximum or a minimum of the three points a spike is present The Profscan program 1 uses a spike threshold value of 0 1 in 0 25 cm Spikes can be due to field related anomalies e g potholes transverse cracks bumps or due to saturation electronic failures or interferences Changing reflectivity on drying pavements due to the differences in brightness of the pavement light and dark areas will often provide results inconsistent with data collected on uniform colored dry pavements This could be due to varying accuracy of the light sensing unit due to the rapid changes in reflectivity or to the dark spots resulting from marginal lost lock situations In such situations profile measurements should not be performed until the pavement is dry In some instances electromagnetic radiation from radar or radio transmitters will interfere with operations and data recording If this occurs the operator should attempt to contact the source to learn if a time will be available when the source is turned off If such a time is not available i
26. changed the instrument height will also change The new instrument height can be obtained from the following equation Nht Oht BS FS 4 3 where Nht New instrument height Oht Old instrument height BS Backsight at pivot point FS Foresight at pivot point The relative elevation of points measured from this new instrument location can be determined by using Equation 4 2 and using the new instrument height as the instrument height 4 3 6 Quality Control The quality control applied to profile data from the rod and level can be classified as field quality control and office quality control Field Quality Control This check ensures that no movement of the level took place during the current setup of the level This has to be verified every time before the instrument is 54 moved and when the end of the test section is reached This check is performed by keeping the rod at the location at which the first reading was taken with the current instrument setup and again taking a reading Both readings have to agree within the resolution of the instrument This check can also be performed at regular intervals by establishing a set of control points as described in Section 4 3 3 Office Quality Control The computation of the elevation profile from the raw field data should be performed in the office using a computer Using the computer will prevent mathematical errors during computation The quality control used in the field will
27. creates the need to either increase this parameter or remove any memory resident programs NOTE If these parameters are changed it is necessary to reboot the computer to ensure that the changes take effect Refer to the DOS User Manual for further details 62 I 6 Setting up the Data 1 6 1 File Naming Conventions It is necessary to name the profilometer files according to the guidelines defined in Chapter 2 Section 2 2 5 In particular the first two digits of each section number must be valid state codes in order for the software to function correctly This is also necessary when generating section numbers for demonstration purposes or comparative studies Failure to adhere to these file naming conventions could produce errors and may even hang up the computer The history file stores the summary results by STATE PROVINCE name SECTION number and SUBSECTION number if defined In order for the history to be updated the same naming convention must be used for all subsequent data collection For example if GPS 511023 was collected as part of SPS 514300 the history data would be stored under Virginia 511023 and 514300 For future data collection on GPS 511023 it will be necessary to use the SPS filename and GPS section number if the history file is to be updated 1 6 2 File Location Organize the profilometer data files into subdirectories under PROF For example New York sites could be stored in a subdirectory under PROF called NY
28. data files when created When archiving the data to floppy diskette using the Backup option of the menu a formatted disk is required The software prompts the user to view the list of files on the backup diskette allowing the option to erase any files on the diskette and resume the backup or abort the process if the listed files are needed Users also can make a directory or change to an existing directory on the floppy for the backup files This can be useful when the user needs to backup more than one site to the same floppy but in different directories For the purpose of testing WIM sites with the same file name as the GPS site the software was developed to incorporate alpha characters in the extension of the binary file The letter M is equivalent to one 1 and N to two 2 0 3 P 4 Q 5 R 6 S 7 T 8 and finally to the letter U which is equivalent to nine 9 Thus five runs on a WIM site tested in May 1992 should have binary files E2M to E2Q When starting PROFSCAN a subsection will automatically be created with the letter W added to the existing section number The study column will have the W character which will define the section as a WIM site and all the reports will indicate this When SHRPRA is activated on the binary files and the program is adding a header record it will check for the surface material starting with A for asphalt cement concrete or P for portland cement concrete If they do not exist an error
29. event mark is passed follow the procedure outlined in Section 2 2 3 2 5 After the test section has been traversed and the computer has computed the DEC IRI write the value on the SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report Form see Appendix V Note any factors that could have affected the computed IRI in the Profilometer Field Activity Report Form 6 After the computer gets out of the profile display mode type any comments pertaining to the run e g lost lock or saturation lights come on during the run any other factors that could affect the measured profile and then press Return ve Thereafter the driver should stop the vehicle at a suitable location so the data can be saved on the hard disk This should be done immediately after each run since the profile data stored in the virtual memory can be lost if the power to the computer fails Where turn around distances are relatively short the 25 operator may wait to transfer the data to the hard disk until all runs have been completed 8 Follow the procedures outlined in Section 2 2 4 to obtain a set of acceptable runs at a site 9 Once testing at a site is completed make backup copies as outlined in Section 2 3 8 The order to be followed in turning off the equipment is 1 IBM compatible computer 2 other devices 3 arrow board 4 sensors and 5 DEC computer The operator should verify that the form Status of the Region s Test Section see Appendix V is filled
30. less than or equal to nine for GPS SPS sites or a run letter following the last run letter used but not greater than the letter U for WIM sites or b deletion of all files in the data directory and replacing most of them with new profilometer data is desired 1 9 The Profscan Menu The following options are available for selection from the Profscan Menu and are subsequently explained System Provides system information and some utilities Analyze Determines if more runs are necessary Data Allows viewing of the header data and plotting the profiles Report Produces analysis results Backup Archives the dataset for office use Window Allows manipulation of the windows Edit Assists in editing files Main Reverts back to the Main Menu to Quit the program 64 1 10 Analyze The Analyze option allows Scanning the Event Marks Defining the Limits setting up analysis Parameters and finally calculating the International Roughness Index IRI values for the section 1 10 1 Subsections The primary use of this option is to break out SPS sections from profilometer runs in which the individual SPS sites were run consecutively but must be analyzed separately Use of the Scan Event Marks allows viewing a list of event marks This is useful when trying to locate the beginning station of each SPS One must select a run and then view the event marks Define SPS Limits allows definition of the starting and ending station
31. message will be flashed to the screen The user will be prompted if a printout of the error is desired This is an addition to the previous checks for the sample interval to be 6 inches wave filter to be 300 feet and wave initialization disabled 13 System Requirements The following lists the minimum hardware configuration required to run the program AT compatible or better 386 486 DOS 3 x or higher 640 K RAM 40 Mb hard disk 314 1 44 Mb floppy disk drive graphic card and monitor The performance of the software could be greatly improved if the following hardware is available a math coprocessor expanded memory color graphic card and monitor EGA VGA dot matrix or laser printer 6 NOTE The two supported printer types are Epson IBM Graphics Printers and HP Laserjet II and Compatibles 14 Installing the Program The software comes on one 31 in 1 44 Mb floppy disk and must be transferred to a hard disk on which no subdirectory of the root is called PROF If there is an existing PROF directory on the target hard disk a backup of the PROF HISTORY files prior to this installation should be made Copying the HISTORY files to a floppy disk will accomplish this This installation should not affect the HISTORY files and the history data will still be present If empty HISTORY files are needed then copying all the files in a HISTORY subdirectory on the same installation disk to the PROF di
32. of a user defined interval The run displayed on the screen will be plotted when the plot option is chosen at which time it is necessary to specify the following 1 Station Range determines the extent of the data plotted in terms of its starting and ending station The default values are zero and length of the site as stored in the header file 11 Wheel Path Use the space bar or enter key to include or exclude the current wheel path from the plot 111 Printer Use the space bar or enter key to check the options available Either dot matrix or laser printers can be used The TAB or arrow keys can be used to move between the options and the space bar or enter key to choose the printer type The following example illustrates the use of these features Assume that a run was made over a 2000 ft long section of pavement During the IRI analysis a spike condition was reported at 1234 ft from the start of the run in the left wheel path To verify this view the 68 Study GPS E45007 Date 30 04 1992 Run l Road US 50 Start End Lane LN 1 Direct West Bd From 0 00 To 500 50 Distance 0 0 100 1 200 2 300 3 400 4 500 5 E 0 7 0 5 e V 0 3 a A Lu M Ad sal i M O 0 0 o Right WP Left WP PgUP Prior PgDn Next ESC quits F2 Screen Dump Figure 1 2 The Profile in a Graphical Format for a GPS Site 69 Study WIM 51204W Date 12 12 1992 Run 1 Road ST 265 Start Lane LN 1 From 0 00 E 0 9 l 0 7
33. of the procedures to be followed for testing Specific Pavement Studies SPS sections are different than the procedures for GPS sections Section 2 7 of this manual outlines the procedures for SPS sections which differ from the procedures for GPS sections 15 2 3 2 Daily Checks on Vehicle and Equipment The operator should use Daily Check List form given in Appendix V to check the vehicle and the generator at the start of the day It is important to maintain the equipment at a proper operational temperature as noted in section 2 2 2 1 If the weather is very damp the heater should be turned on to remove moisture from inside the unit The sensor and receiver glass may require cleaning more than once during the day 2 3 3 Starting the Generator The following procedure should be used for starting the generator 1 16 Before starting the generator ensure that all external power sources are disconnected and that all instruments and the computer are turned off Depress the Start Stop rocker switch to start the generator Release the switch when the engine starts If the generator does not start in a few seconds wait ten seconds and try again If further difficulty is encountered consult the operator s manual for the generator Once the generator is operating wait for a few minutes to allow the generator to come up to speed and to stabilize If the temperature is cool and damp or cold turn the air intake to winter conditions If th
34. path line at station 0 00 with the start arrow pointed forward A clockwise rotation as indicated in Figure 3 1 should be used in advancing the device Although the manufacturer does not prohibit a counterclockwise advance it is prudent to keep the same motion for all test sections so that any potential errors introduced by the rotational direction are consistent in all Dipstick data As the Dipstick is walked along the marked wheel path the readings should be recorded on the Longitudinal Profile Data Collection Form if a manual Dipstick is used If the auto read Dipstick is used the readings are stored in the computer attached to the Dipstick In this case the operator must use the trigger to instruct the computer to store the reading rather than using the automatic storage scheme to ensure adequate time for the pendulum to stabilize Use of the automatic mode even at the lowest production rate may not allow adequate time for stabilization thus introducing possible errors in the data Frequently an operator will introduce bias in the readings by leaning the Dipstick handle laterally from a true vertical position during operation The operator must not apply any lateral pressure on the handle while the reading is taken Two runs on each wheel path of the SHRP section must be undertaken by the Dipstick operator consisting of one run up the wheel path and one run back down the same wheel path This will accomplish a closed loop survey for each wheel
35. placed where it will not settle When setting the tripod set it as low as practical to reduce the error caused by the rod not being exactly vertical Thereafter level the instrument using the leveling Screws The rod person should place the rod at the zero position of the section Use the bubble level attached to the rod as a reference to hold the rod vertical Once the rod is held vertical the rod person should signal to the instrument operator to take a reading If the readings are recorded manually by a third crew member the instrument operator should call out the reading to the record keeper The readings should be recorded in the form shown in Appendix VII If an automated system is being used the instrument operator should make sure that the reading is saved Next the rod person should place the rod 1 ft 0 3 m away from the initial reading and a new reading should be recorded This process should be continued until either the entire test section is surveyed or the horizontal range or the vertical range of the level is exceeded The horizontal range of the level is exceeded if the distance between the level and the rod is too short or too long to focus properly The vertical range of the level is exceeded if the rod cannot be read due to the slope of the road When the range of the level is exceeded the level has to be relocated a Range of the Level is Exceeded If the range of the level is exceeded the instrument has to be relo
36. readily measurable by pavement engineers anywhere in the world It is a numeric scale that can be correlated not only to roughness measurements obtained through vehicle based profilers and RTRRMS but also to subjective public opinions about road roughness The IRI scale ranges from O 1000 in mile 0 16 m km with O being a perfectly smooth road and 1000 being a road in almost impassible condition Typical ranges for IRI data collected on FHWA LTPP sites in North America would be from 50 to 300 in mile Pavement test sections with IRIs of 150 or less would be considered smooth and comfortable whereas IRI values of 300 or greater would be considered rough and uncomfortable A typical calibration equation for RTRRMS is E IRI A B ARS C ARS2 where E IRI expected value of roughness ARS raw measure of average slope Counts km in mile A B C Constants based on number of calibrated sites ARS measurements on different sites and roughness of site measured HI 2 3 Computation of IRI The calculation of IRI is carried out by computing four variables as functions of the profile being measured These four variables simulate the dynamic response of a reference vehicle traveling over the measured profile The equations for the four variables are solved for each measured elevation point except for the first The average slope over the first 36 ft or 11m 0 5 sec at 80 kmph is used for initializing the variables by assigning th
37. repairs should be reported on the Field Activity Report 3 6 3 Zero and Calibration Check Form This form should be completed whenever the zero and calibration checks are carried out 48 4 Profile Measurements Using the Rod and Level 4 1 Introduction The rod and level can be used to accurately measure the profile of a pavement The profile data can be used to evaluate the roughness of the pavement by computing a roughness index such as International Roughness Index IRI or to evaluate effects such as frost heave or swelling of soils In computing roughness indices only the relative elevations and not the absolute elevations are needed The guidelines in this section can be applied to conventional survey equipment such as an optical level and graduated staff which require the readings to be manually recorded as well as automated equipment which is capable of automatically storing the measured data Forms for recording rod and level measurements are given in Appendix VII 4 2 Operational Guidelines 4 2 1 General Procedures The detailed scheduling and traffic control at the test sites must be coordinated by the RCOC However all traffic control activities at test sites will be performed by personnel from either the state or provincial highway agency 4 2 2 Equipment Requirements The rod and level used in routine surveying and road construction will generally not have the resolution needed for pavement profile measurements For pave
38. writing to the RCOC to assist in any insurance claim procedure which might be affected 2 2 2 General Operations The following guidelines related to the general operation of the Profilometer device shall be followed 2 2 2 1 Temperature Range The interior vehicle environment is critical to the operation of the on board computer Fixed head disks operate with very close mechanical system tolerances and may be damaged if subjected to large temperature variations or extremes The computer system should only be operated in a temperature range of 59 to 90 F 15 to 40 C Further the maximum rate of change of temperature should not exceed 20 F hour 11 C hour The vehicle is equipped with a propane furnace and an air conditioner to maintain the temperatures within the required range If the computer is not being operated the storage temperature can range from 40 to 151 F 40 to 66 C During periods of testing in hot weather it is suggested that the roof vent or side window in the work area be left ajar and the fan operating when the Profilometer is retired at the end of the workday If the air temperature will drop below 60 F 16 C the propane heater should be turned on and set to 60 F 16 C 2 2 2 2 Disk Drives Saving files to the hard disk or floppy disks or loading files from the hard disk or floppy disks should not be done when the vehicle is in motion as this can destroy data files The computer s virtual memory sho
39. 01 in 0 25 mm the sensor has passed the calibration check If the differences is more than 0 01 in 0 25 mm a message that the calibration value is out of tolerance is displayed Enter N to the question if a new calibration factor is to be computed and repeat the calibration procedure until the difference of readings is within tolerance repeat calibration procedure a maximum of 3 to 4 times to achieve this condition If a difference of readings within tolerance cannot be achieved after repeating the calibration procedure 3 to 4 times answer Y to the prompt if a new calibration factor is to be computed Save this computed calibration factor in the virtual memory Also complete the form Profilometer Calibration Log see Appendix V and note that it is a field calibration This calibration factor is used for tests that are performed However this factor will be lost when the power to the computer is turned off NOTE The calibration factor computed during the field displacement sensor check should not be saved on the system diskette If difficulty is encountered with calibration or checking of the non contact sensors it may be beneficial to check the light output with the oscilloscope for proper signal magnitude and 2 3 5 2 Bounce Test The bounce test is used to check the accelerometers which senses the movement of the vehicle body The following procedure is used to conduct this test Park the vehicle From the Main
40. 1 Uy SHRP LTPP Major Maintenance Repair Activity Report Region Date Equipment ID Make Model S N Odometer where applicable Reason for Maintenance Work Choose only one Scheduled Not Scheduled Routine Description of Maintenance and Reason Agency Performing Maintenance Cost Name Street Lili spa EZ dip Phone Number Contact Name Date In Date Out 114 Conversion 1 US Gal 3 78 SL SHRP Profilometer Maintenance Data Gasoline Region Automobile Gasoline Record Month of S N Crew 15 Amount i NA o 3 gt nNioOo ejo a o No Gals Odometer TOTAL Profilometer Calibration Log Date Profilometer Operator Calibration Test Old Computer Error in New Field Scale New Scale Scale Scale Calibration Factor Factor B Factor Factor Right Displacement Sensor Left Displacement Sensor Accelerometers Distance Measuring Instrument If Error in Scale Factor of a displacement sensor or accelerometer is not between 1 or 1 then place a Y in the Need to Change column otherwise place N If Error in Scale Factor for Distance Measuring Instrument is not between 0 47 and 0 47 then place a Y in the Need to Change column otherwise place N 116 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report SHRP Region SHRP Assigned ID File Name State Testing District LTPP Experiment Code Route Highway Number Testing Date Sheet N
41. 4 Example State or province 26 Michigan SPS project code A SPS project type 3 Identification 26A3XX If there is only one SPS section of a given project type in the state the third digit of the filename will be zero When saving a header file the same notations are used 3 Run Control Method see Section 2 3 6 5 The data acquisition can be terminated by either selecting pendant stop or distance see Section 2 3 6 5 However distance should be selected as the method to terminate data acquisition The operator should refer to site layout plans and obtain the length of the SPS test section to be tested To obtain the length to be profiled add 200 ft to the distance obtained from the site layout plan This should ensure that all test sections will be profiled even if there are discrepancies between the layout plans and the sections as built After selecting distance as the stop method in the Run Control Menu enter the length to be profiled 2 7 7 Hardcopy of the Profile Only the final screen appearing in the monitor will be printed during testing For those SPS sections that cannot be profiled on one screen the following procedure should be used to obtain the entire profile After each run enter the Run Replay program of the Main Menu see Section 2 3 4 and regenerate the profile data at 800 ft intervals and obtain a hardcopy of each screen By having the profile of the entire test section spikes or inconsistencies in th
42. 450 Z1 ZO 1460 NEXT J 1470 RS RS ABS Z 1 Z 3 1480 PRINT disp RS DX 5 IRI RS I 1490 GOTO 1260 1500 END 1510 DATA 0 25 1520 DATA 9966071 01091514 002083274 0003190145 005476107 1530 DATA 5563044 9438768 8324718 05064701 1 388776 1540 DATA 02153176 002126763 7508714 008221888 2275968 1550 DATA 3 335013 3376467 39 12762 4347564 35 79262 Figure 111 2 Demonstration Program for Computing IRI with a Microcomputer Source World Bank Technical Paper Number 45 87 PROCEDURE IRICALC a Purpose To determine IRI from profilometer elevations in the left gt and right wheel paths Notes Modified from original BASIC code obtained from the world bank report PARAMETERS Begin Finish Determine start and end records Startred IIF Begin 0 1 Begin 12 samint Endred Finish 12 samint DO showindo ACTIVATE WINDOW w_proc CLEAR Initialize some variables STORE 0 TO ZL ZR ZIL ZIR YL YR I RSL RSR IX Dist il i1X iRSL iRSR Intentr Inform user of processing 00 02 SAY Section ROWO 40 SAY Run No 01 02SAY Date O ROWQ 36 SAY Oper Driver O 02 O2SAY Road 03 02 SAY Direction O 04 02 SAY Sample interval 05 02 SAY Distance Travelled 05 40 SAY Average Speed header SECT_NO STR header RUN NO 1 DTOC header SVY DATE header OP DR header RDESCR header DIR STR h
43. 9 indicating the run number for GPS SPS and CAL sites or it can be an alpha character A For CAL sites A is used for run 10 B for run 11 all the way to K for run 20 For WIM sites M is used for run 1 N for run 2 all the way to U for run 9 The data subdirectory will initially start with the above mentioned set of files As the user processes the data more files will be created These include SUM Summary file to store interval data HDD Database version of the HDR file DBF Profilometer elevations in FOX format IDX DDX SDX Index files LIM Subsectioning information limits TXT Default report files These files and the HDR file excluding the DBF files will have the same name and extension for a GPS site and a WIM site with the same GPS name These files therefore have to be put in separate subdirectories The profilometer data files should be organized as suggested earlier under Setting Up the Data File Location 79 Appendix III Technical Documentation for Profscan 81 Appendix III Technical Documentation for Profscan III 1 Introduction The K J Law profilometer and Face Technologies Dipsticke were selected by SHRP to measure the longitudinal profile for the LTPP pavement sections This was done in order to have a time stable and reproducible method for characterizing the longitudinal deformation in pavement structures Pavement ride quality is best reproduced from profile data by usin
44. Accidents Insurance coverage for all persons involved in the survey should be maintained by the RCOC The operator will inform the RCOC of the incident as soon as practical after the accident Details of the event shall subsequently be reported in writing to the RCOC to assist in any insurance claim procedures SHRP headquarters should be notified of the accident as soon as possible by the RCOC 4 3 Field Testing 4 3 1 General Background The following sequence of field work tasks are required Task 1 Personnel Coordination a Personnel for rod and level survey b Traffic control crew supplied by the state highway agency minimum one person or as recommended by the state highway agency C Other SHRP state DOT and RCOC personnel they are observers and are not required to be present Task 2 Site Inspection a General pavement condition within test section limits b Identify wheel paths Task 3 Rod and Level measurements a Mark wheel paths b Obtain rod and level readings To measure the pavement profile using the rod and level two persons are generally needed One person is needed to hold the rod rod person and another to operate the level and take readings instrument operator If the level is not capable of automatically recording the readings an additional person record keeper to record the readings will make the process quicker An experienced crew of three would require less than 10 seconds to obtain one reading 2
45. Cancel gt option or press ESC to cancel 17 3 3 Printer Selecting the printer will cause the report to print directly to an attached printer Be sure that it is on line Note that some reports such as PROFCAL s summary require that the printer be capable of producing compressed output 11 4 Archives 11 4 1 Backing Up the Data It is a good practice to make a backup nd archive the data after completion of the analysis performed at the site This provides a secondary security measure for data obtained with the profilometer since the original pre SHRPRA files exist elsewhere In the case of the Dipsticke the measurements as they were recorded in the field will also exist The user can use the Backup option to archive the data to floppy diskette s using the PK ZIP format PKUNZIP is used to restore the data at a later date see below Restoring data from a 77 backup After archiving the user can remove the data from the hard disk to free up the space for subsequent data analysis When selecting lt Data directory and Zip file gt another screen will prompt the user to choose a data directory on the hard disk and provide a ZIP filename The filename site number plus extension ZIP may be modified as required as long as the user does not use an extension other than ZIP For example entering PROF NY as the path to the dataset and using 361008 ZIP as the archive filename will archive all files and subdirectories under the New Yo
46. ESSING SUMMARY NARCO PMS STATE PROVINCE NAME NORTH CAROLINA WIM NUMBER 371993W DATE RUN RMSVA SLOPE SURVEYED NO IRI 4 16 MO VARIANCE 13 12 1992 1 135 40 3 137 74 4 139 41 5 133 32 6 136 43 Section mean 136 46 108 SHRP LTPP PROFILOMETER DATA COLLECTION NARCO PMS AND PROCESSING SUMMARY STATE PROVINCE NAME ONTARIO SPS NUMBER 87A311 DATE RUN RMSVA SLOPE SURVEYED NO IRI 4 16 MO VARIANCE 24 04 1992 1 99 92 2 101 47 3 99 35 4 99 72 5 98 67 6 99 50 7 99 97 8 100 88 9 98 89 Section mean 99 81 109 Appendix V Forms for the K J Law Profilometer 111 Daily Check List J o E Month Year Signature Checked Comment Under Hood Fluids Engine Oil Brake Windshield Wiper Fluid Radiator Coolant Transmission Drive Belt Tension Water Pump Alternator A C Compressor Battery Cable Connection tight clean General Appearance Leaks Cracked Hoses Cracked Insulation Loose Nuts amp Bolts Generator Choke Breather Muffler Exhaust Exterior Lights Front pu pad N Rear Emergency Turning Signals Beacon Flashers Arrow Board Glass Cleaning Windshield Mirror Lights Light Sensor Receiver Photo Cell Box Body clean Underbody Tires Properly Inflated Fluid Leaks Shroud Exhaust Interior Remove trash and organize the interior in preparation for the day s work Air Conditioner Heater Temperature Range Storage Area Clean Checked Comment 1
47. Keeping This document addresses those aspects of profile measurements that are relatively unique to the LTPP research Other references should be consulted for general information 2 Profile Measurements Using the K J Law Profilometer 2 1 Introduction The K J Law Model 690DNC Inertial Profilometer measures the longitudinal road profile in the two wheel paths The system for measuring the road surface profile consists of an optical displacement measuring system and a precision accelerometer for each wheel path The optical system measures the distance between the vehicle body and the pavement surface while the accelerometer measures the motion of the vehicle body Signals from the non contact sensors of the optical system and the accelerometers are fed into a computer which computes the profile of the pavement The profile data is recorded on the hard disk of the computer for further processing The computer terminal shows the profile of the pavement as it is measured The device is equipped with a photocell capable of detecting identifying marks on the pavement surface such as reflective tape or a white painted line This feature is used to initiate profile data collection A digital distance encoder attached to the front wheel of the vehicle accurately measures the travelled distance A generator is provided in the vehicle to supply power to the computer and other electronic equipment The Profilometer vehicle is equipped with both heater an
48. L 154 75 H 137 74 13 04 Yes Yes 4 132 82 H 146 00 139 41 H 13 20 Yes Yes 5 122 42 144 22 L 133 32 L 12 63 Yes Yes 6 127 75 145 11 136 43 12 92 Yes Yes Minimum 120 73 133 32 Maximum 154 75 139 41 Mean 1 126 53 149 11 137 82 Mean 125 28 147 64 136 46 Mean 1 124 02 146 16 135 09 Std Deviation 4 44 3 78 2 07 2 of Mean 2 50 2 95 2 72 Coef of Vari 3 5 2 5 1 5 YOU HAVE SUFFICIENT RUNS e __ K lt A See file 371993 SPI for details L Lowest value H Highest value 100 WIM 371993W Run Comments A E EO e ta o enema AS 1 End of run Final Field RUNS OK RCO 2 End of run RUN OK Final Field RUNS OK RCO 3 End of run RUN OK Final Field RUNS OK RCO 4 End of run RUN OK Final Field RUNS OK RCO 5 End of run RUN OK Final Field RUNS OK RCO 6 End of run RUN OK Final Field RUNS OK RCO 7 End of run Final Field RCO 8 End of run Final Field RCO 9 End of run Final Field RCO 101 PROFSCAN SUMMARY REPORT Wednesday May 26 1993 09 47 23 SETUP Spatial Filter Wavelength 300 0 Speed 46 90 mph Start Method 00000000 PHOTOCELL Stop Meth0Od ooooooooooo Wavelength Initialization DISABLED SURVEY LOCATION SPS soseta 87A311 Begin Oper Driver SCOTT RANDY EO ane Date 24 04 1992 Lane LN 1 Tienes 11 56 25 Direction SOUTH Station adds 4 855 5 355 Horizontal Offset CONDITIONS Pav
49. NIMS PC Asphalt Cement Concrete American Standard Code for Information Interchange A collection of logically related records or files A data base consolidates information that was previously stored in separate files and allows them to be used for many applications The data base may also include any ancillary files to the data base files such as index report and query files Digital Incremental Profiler A summary of all files on a disk analogous to a table of contents Disk Operating System DOS is often used as a shortened form of PC DOS or MS DOS an operating system designed for the 8086 family of microprocessors Enhanced Graphic Adapter A single piece of information the smallest unit manipulated in a data base Records consist of one or more fields A collection of related data The information within a data base file is stored as individual records General Pavement Studies A non programmed stop in a routine usually unforseen or unwanted The computer system does not respond to inputs made by the user and no other activity seems to be ans place The solution to this problem would be to reboot the system International Business Machines A file which allows records in a data base to be ordered alphabetically chronologically or numerically International Roughness Index Long Term Pavement Performance Left Wheel Path A list of options preserved by a computer program Mays Output Microsoft National Infor
50. NTROL CREW NAMES NAMES COPIES RCOC FORM F01 SEPT 1990 124 SHRP MAJOR MAINTENANCE REPAIR ACTIVITY REPORT REGION DATE EQUIPMENT ID MAKE FACE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY INC MODEL CE mama SERIAL NUMBER REASON FOR MAINTENANCE WORK CHOOSE ONE ONLY SCHEDULED NONSCHEDULED DESCRIPTION OF MAINTENANCE AND REASON AGENCY PERFORMING MAINTENANCE COST NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY PHONE NUMBER CONTACT NAME DATE IN DATE OUT SETTE ________ nz A COPIES TO RCOC LTPP DIVISION FORM F02 DEC 1992 125 ZERO CHECK First Reading Rotate 180 degrees Second Reading Total if within 0 001 proceed or else adjust the start end pin as suggested in the manual and repeat the zero check CALIBRATION CHECK First Reading Place calibration block Second Reading 0 125 First Reading 0 003 proceed or else contact FACE through RCO 126 Appendix VII Form for Rod and Level Measurements 127 Rod and Level Data Collection Form Sheet Number Site Route Weather Date Level Operator Rod Person Wheelpath Recorder Type and Model of Level Start Time Stop Time d 19 Distance ft j en wv ND o O1 c m 0C 5 LS Intermediate Sight B S Backsight F S Foresight 128 Glossary ACC ASCII Data Base DIP Directory DOS EGA Field File GPS Hang Up IBM Index File IRI LTPP LWP Menu MO MS
51. R FOR JJ 1 TO 4 ZLO ZLO 4 STQ J ZILQJ ZR ZRO STQ J ZIR IJ ENDFOR ENDFOR FORJ 1 TO 4 ZILQ ZU ZIR ZR Figure 11 3 Continued ENDFOR RSL RSL ABS ZL 1 ZL 3 RSR RSR ABS ZR 1 ZR 3 DISP RSL RSR 2 mDX LDISP RSL mDX RDISP RSR mDX IRIL RSL I 63 36 IRIR RSR I 63 36 IRIB RSL RSR 2 I 63 36 iRSL iRSL ABS ZL 1 ZL 3 iRSR iRSR ABS ZR 1 ZR 3 iDISP iRSL iRSR 2 mDX iIRIL iRSL il 63 36 iIRIR iRSR il 63 36 iIRIB iRSL iRSR 2 il 63 36 09 25 SAY Dist PICTURE IF ilX samint 12 Sumint AND Sumint 0 OR EOF Intentr Intcntr 1 13 07 SAY Intentr Sumint PICTURE 13 20 SAY ilril PICTURE 444 444 O 13 COLO 5 SAY ilrir PICTURE 444 444 13 COLO 6 SAY ilrib PICTURE Store the summary information in the SUMMARY dbf IF Procal IF SEEK STR speed 2 Subsectn STR Intentr Sumint 5 SUMMARY SELECT SUMMARY APPEND BLANK ENDIF runiril summary r STR header run no 1 iril runirir summary r STR header run no 1 irir REPLACE summary SUM_SUBSEC WITH Subsectn REPLACE summary SUM_SPEED WITH speed REPLACE summary SUM_INT WITH Intcntr Sumint REPLACE runiril WITH ilril runirir WITH ilrir ELSE IF SEEK Scount Subsectn STR Intentr Sumint 5 SUMMARY SELECT SUMMARY APPEND BLANK ENDIF REPLACE summary SUM RUN WITH thisrun summary SUM SUBSEC WITH Subsec
52. Repair Activity Report The vehicle and equipment operating costs are monitored with this form All maintenance and repairs performed on the vehicle or equipment should be reported on this form see AppendixV These include scheduled maintenance as well as unscheduled maintenance This form should be submitted along with all receipts for maintenance activities 2 6 3 SHRP Profilometer Maintenance Data Gasoline The Maintenance Data Gasoline Form see Appendix V is used to monitor the gasoline consumption When filling the form the Profilometer vehicle identification number is used as the serial number The RCOC for the region names of crew members the number of gallons of gasoline purchased the cost of the purchase and the odometer reading need to be recorded in this form 2 6 4 Profilometer Calibration Log All calibrations should be recorded by the operator in the Profilometer Calibration Log see Appendix V The procedures for performing these calibrations are outlined in Section 2 4 After performing each calibration test the operator should enter the old scale factors and if needed the new scale factors on this form This form should also be filled if a new scale factor is computed during the calibration checks performed prior to testing each day see Section 2 3 5 1 2 6 5 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report The Field Activity Report see Appendix V records all activity to and from a site as well as activities at th
53. SHRP P 378 Manual for Profile Measurement Operational Field Guidelines P 001 Technical Assistance Staff Texas Research and Development Foundation Austin Texas North Central Regional Coordination Office Staff Braun Intertech St Paul Minnesota Soil and Materials Engineers Plymouth Michigan Strategic Highway Research Program National Research Council ERE Washington DC 1994 SHRP P 378 ISBN 0 309 05759 0 Contract no P 001 Product no 5011 5012 5013 5015 Program Manager Neil F Hawks Project Manager Cheryl Allen Richter Program Area Secretary Cynthia Baker Copyeditor Katharyn L Bine Production Editor Cara J Tate February 1994 key words Dipstick longitudinal profile pavement data collection pavement management systems pavement profile profile measurement profiler Profilometer Strategic Highway Research Program National Research Council 2101 Constitution Avenue N W Washington DC 20418 202 334 3774 The publication of this report does not necessarily indicate approval or endorsement by the National Academy of Sciences the United States Government or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials or its member states of the findings opinions conclusions or recommendations either inferred or specifically expressed herein 91994 National Academy of Sciences 1 5M NAP 294 Acknowledgments The research described herein was supported by the Strategic
54. Surface Profile System Setup The structure of this menu is shown below DATE DD MM YY TIME HH MM SS DRIVER DISPLAY UNIT MILES FILTER WAVELENGTH 300 feet GRAPHIC SCALE 1 00 inches GRAPH LENGTH 800 feet PRINT LAST SCREEN ON EXIT ENABLED HELP FORM FEED TEST MODE OSCILLATOR DISABLED d ummuounou enter LETTER for option RETURN to proceed or X to exit The only item that needs to be changed in this menu is the driver display unit which must be changed to feet To make this change select A and Return to toggle the display units to feet Thereafter press Return to proceed to the next menu 2 3 6 2 Run Identification SECTION NUMBER 263456 RUN NUMBER 1 SHRP FILE NAME 26345691 031 DEC FILE NAME B63456 D91 AUTOMATIC DEC FILE NAME GENERATION ENABLED AUTOMATIC DEC FILE NAME INCREMENTS ENABLED OPERATOR DRIVER xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 16 MAX eee OR OR OMe gt enter LETTER for option RETURN to proceed or X to exit In this menu the section number and the operator driver fields have to be completed To input the current test section number the operator should press A and Return The program will then accept the entry of the six digit test section number for the GPS section e g 263456 The SHRP file name and DEC file name will be automatically generated SHRP file name 26345691 031 DEC file name B63456 D91 The DEC computer filename will be the same as the SHRP six digit section number for GPS test section
55. TE Controls are only available when editing the raw measured data such as Profilometer elevations and Dipstick slopes When a window appears with the data records displayed use the following keys to manipulate the window Move CTRL F7 Arrows RETURN Size CTRL F8 Arrows RETURN Zoom CTRL F10 toggle zoom unzoom Cycle CTRL F1 Use the following keys to manipulate the data 76 Toggle Delete CTRL T note the marker Append Record CTRL N Delete Field CTRL Y Select Field CTRL A Cut Field CTRL X Paste Field CTRL V Undo CTRL U Copy CTRL C Save and quit CTRL W 11 3 Report Destinations H 3 1 Screen Select this device to view the report immediately after it is generated The report will be displayed on the monitor use the ARROW and PGUP PGDN keys to move around When you have seen enough press the ESC key to quit The report is not saved for future access The ESC key can also be used to cancel subsequent reporting if selected during the generation of a report This is particularly useful to abort the reporting of multiple SPS sections 1 3 2 File Use this destination to save the report to a file on either the hard disk or floppy diskette A window will appear in which the user can specify a directory file name and extension Default file names are shown default extensions are TXT Use the lt Save gt option to proceed and the lt
56. TRRMS The IRI has been adopted as a standard in several countries around the world including the United States and Canada 111 2 2 Definition of IRI The IRI is defined as an index resulting from a mathematical simulation of vehicular response to the longitudinal profile of a pavement using a quarter car simulation model and a traveling speed which is typically 50 mph 80 km h Figure III 1 illustrates the Reference Quarter Car Simulation RQCS concepts in terms of the mechanical model 1a and its frequency response 1b and 1c 82 Displacement of the Displacement of the Unsprung Mass Zu Profile Input a b s Fixed Contact O y r Length b 0 5 10 i 20 25 Frequency Hz la Mechanical model lb Frequency Response of RQCS to Elevation Input 2 0 1 5 Dimensionless Gain 1 0 0 0 05 0 9 10 15 20 25 Frequency Hz lc Frequency Response of RQCS to Slope Input Figure III 1 The Quarter Car Vehicle Simulation Model Source World Bank Technical Paper Number 45 83 The mathematic procedures involved are 1 geometric smoothing of the profile 2 filtering the profile signal and 3 rectifying and averaging the profile signal to yield a statistic similar to that obtained from the roadmeter in RTRRMS Units of IRI are either in in mile m km or mm m Note Im km 63 36 in mile The roughness scale selected for the IRI satisfied the criteria of being time stable transportable relevant and
57. The operator should have a good working knowledge of IBM MS DOS 12 New to Version 1 4 After installing the new software over a previously existing PROF directory the HISTORY files that are currently present will not be emptied and will still have all the history data If empty HISTORY files are needed they can be found on the same installation diskette under a HISTORY subdirectory Simply copy the files in this subdirectory to the PROF directory after making sure that a backup of the PROF HISTORY files has been made The history file can now be accessed by using CTRL H while in the PROF program Files can be edited and runs deleted by using CTRL T to tag these runs CTRL W will save and exit the history file while automatically deleting all the tagged records If the hard disk is partitioned or if more than one hard disk or external hard drives exist then the operator has the option of placing the software on one drive and the data on another drive or drives To accomplish this it is necessary to edit the PATH and RESOURCE lines of the CONFIG FP file in the PROF directory to define the drive specification For example if the software is on drive E then the PATH and RESOURCE lines of the CONFIG FP file should say PATH E PROF RESOURCE E PROF PROFUSER 60 The Profilometer serial number should now be entered in the Analyze Parameters screen from where it will be loaded to the Regional Information Management System RIMS
58. VI Each of these records shall be kept in up to date files by each RCOC with one complete set kept on file at the regional office A description of each of these forms follows 3 6 1 Dipstick Field Activity Report The Dipstick Field Activity Report is an document prepared by the Dipstick operator which includes a commentary of all activities associated with profile measurements The information to be noted in this form includes the section information time to complete all measurements any downtime information related to productivity any factors which might affect the collected test data and names and organizations of other personnel present at the site The names of these personnel would be invaluable if an accident occurs at the test site A space is provided in this form for the operator s acknowledgment that pre operation checks were conducted prior to any Dipstick testing The operator should fill out a Dipstick Field Activity Report at every section where a Dipstick test is conducted In addition this form 47 should be completed whenever the operator performs maintenance on the Dipstick The original of this report should be kept by the operator with a copy forwarded to the RCOC 3 6 2 SHRP Major Maintenance Repair Report When any major maintenance or repair must be performed by an outside agency the SHRP Major Maintenance Repair Activity Report must be filed Routine maintenance pre operation checks and minor operator performed
59. a mouse which provides quick access to screens and menu options If a mouse is not available the ALT key is the key used most often With this key one can move between menu options with the arrow keys or just hold the ALT key and press any hot key of each option ALT Y will activate the System option ALT S will activate the Profscan option ALT R will activate the Restore option ALT Q will activate the Quit option and ALT X will return you to the DOS prompt Refer to Appendix II for an explanation of how to make menu selections and how to use the keyboard to manipulate windows Select Profscan to proceed to the PROFSCAN Menu After being asked to identify the location of the data files highlight the corresponding directory and press RETURN Next select a section by highlighting its header file HDR on the list that appears in most instances there will be only one to choose from The program will now convert the profilometer files to ASCII format via SHRPRA EXE and then load them into data base files PROFSCAN will automatically repeat this operation for all profilometer files corresponding to run numbers in the range one to nine for GPS SPS sites or M to U for WIM sites inclusive Once done this process will not repeat unless a more runs are added to the data directory in which case it will convert and load only the newer files These must be identified by a run number greater than the last run number made over the section and
60. adelphia Pennsylvania 1990 Road Profilometer Model 690 DNC User s Manual K J Law Engineers Inc Novi Michigan April 1989 Dipstick Manual Face Technologies Norfolk Virginia 57 Appendix I Profscan Manual 59 Appendix I Profscan Manual I 1 Introduction PROFSCAN is part of the PROQUAL software which was written in the FoxPro dialect of the dBase language It is distributed as a runtime version which eliminates the need to purchase the FoxPro software package The program has been compiled from the FoxPro Version 2 0 software It also utilizes a graphic kernel dGE to display the Profilometer measurements PROFSCAN is to be used by the profilometer operator to survey FHWA LTPP sites Its primary purpose is to determine whether additional runs should be made over a section of pavement This decision is based on a set of statistical summaries which are to be used as a guide by the operator to assess the validity of the runs Although care has been taken to make the program as user friendly intelligent and a utomatic as possible a review of the current PC system configurations may be required Beta testing has been completed on various PCs XT 286 386 486 including the Regional Coordination Office RCO computers If set up assistance is required and or comments exist on PROFSCAN please contact the LTPP Division of Federal Highway Administration This document will explain how to install and use the software
61. at is needed is for the operator to copy SCALE CAL to the virtual memory Once the scale factors are read the program will prompt the operator with the following questions 1 Do you want to record profile The operator should respond with a Y and Return 2 Do you want to use an existing header file The operator can respond with a Y or N If the operator types Y the program will generate a request for a header file name Once the operator enters a file name the parameters stored in the file will be read and the program will advance to the main menu where it is possible to go directly to profile computing mode or to modify the parameters read from the file When using an existing header the section number under the Run Identification Menu see Section 2 3 6 2 must be reentered to update the DEC automatic file date sequence because the Profscan program uses the date to match files with headers If this is not done an error message will appear when using Profscan However usually the operator will answer N If the operator responds with N this answer will take the operator through the following header generation menus Surface Profile System Setup Run Identification Run Location Run Conditions Run Control Method Options Setup bf oa qd m The first menu to be displayed when the operator answers N to the question Do you want to use a existing header is the Surface Profile System Setup 2 2 3 6 1
62. be determined by either of the following methods l Lay a surveyor s tape along the chalk line and mark distances on the pavement at 1 ft 0 3 m intervals using a suitable marker Markings have to be made along the entire length of the section on both wheel paths 2 Place a surveyor s tape on the wheel path with the zero of the tape corresponding to the start of the section Secure the both ends of the tape with a weight or adhesive tape Distances along the section can be referenced from the tape After the distance corresponding to the length of the tape is levelled the tape will have to be repositioned 4 3 3 Longitudinal Profile Measurements The first reading taken after the level is set up is referred to as a backsight while the last reading taken at that setup before the level is moved is referred to as a foresight Other readings taken in between a backsight and a foresight are referred to as intermediate sights The procedure to be followed for measuring the longitudinal profile is described next 51 52 Complete the required information in the Rod and Level Data Collection Form Appendix VID Set up the level at a suitable location taking into account the range of the level With some instruments it might be possible to cover the entire test length from one instrument set up located near the center of the test section The level should be placed where it will not be disturbed due to passing traffic In addition it should be
63. before leaving the test site 2 3 8 Data Backup All profile data is to be backed up to a floppy disk from the DEC computer immediately after testing is completed at a section The operator should also create a backup copy of all Profile test data on a IBM compatible disk The Profile data collection crew should not leave a test site unless all data has been backed up At the end of each day an additional two complete backup copies will be made of all Profilometer test data on IBM compatible floppy disks These additional copies must be removed from the vehicle whenever testing is not in progress The system diskette containing the Profilometer operating program and configuration files should be removed from the vehicle when the operator is not with the equipment New backup copies must be made each time a change is made to the calibration factors 2 4 Calibration 2 4 1 General Background The non contact sensors on each Profilometer device were initially calibrated by the manufacturer to an accuracy of 0 01 in 0 25 mm The DMI encoder is initially calibrated to an accuracy of 0 47 The calibration of the non contact sensors accelerometers and the distance encoder has to be done periodically to ensure that accurate data is being collected However the calibration of this equipment should be done whenever problems are suspected The relatively stable nature of the Profilometer electronics would indicate monthly calibrations are suffi
64. cated Mark the location at which the rod is to be held for the last reading This position is called a pivot point Place the rod at the location where the first reading was taken with the current setup of the level and take a reading Compare this reading with the first reading that was taken at this location If they do not agree within the resolution of the instrument all readings taken from the current position of the level have to be repeated If the readings agree place the rod on the pivot point and take the last reading from the current set up of the instrument foresight Then set up the instrument at a new location Place the rod at the pivot point and take a reading backsight Continue the levelling process as before taking readings at intervals of 1 ft 0 3 m If the instrument has to be repositioned again follow the procedure described earlier b End of the Test Section is Reached The following two cases are possible l Entire Survey Performed from One Instrument Set Up Place the rod at the zero position the point from which the survey was initially started and take a reading This reading should agree with the very first reading taken at this location at the start of the survey within the resolution of the instrument If the readings do not agree the profile measurement has to be repeated 2 Instrument Repositioned During Survey Place the rod at the last pivot point and take a reading This reading has to agree w
65. cient Any changes in the calibration factors obtained during calibration should be noted in the Profilometer Calibration Log see Appendix V All calibrations should be performed indoors on a level surface using an external power source 2 4 2 Calibration of Non Contact Sensors The calibration procedure is essentially the same as that described in Section 2 3 5 1 except for the following changes If the difference between the two readings is within tolerance see step 5 Section 2 3 5 1 the calibration factor need not be changed However if a message 26 is displayed indicating that the difference is not within tolerance see step 5 Section 2 3 5 1 a new calibration factor should be obtained Answer Y to step 6 in Section 2 3 5 1 to obtain the new calibration factor This new calibration factor should be saved on the system disk and the backup system disk If the factor is not saved it will be lost when the calibration program is exited This factor should also be noted on the Profilometer Calibration Log see Appendix V 2 4 3 Calibration of Accelerometers The accelerometer has a special calibration coil wound on the sensing mass of the transducer A current through this calibration coil exerts a force on the sensing mass which is interpreted by the accelerometer as an acceleration The analog accelerometer electronics are designed so that the computer can switch a precise current through the calibration coil to represent exactly 1g
66. d air conditioning units to provide a uniform temperature for the electronic equipment carried in the vehicle The Profilometer vehicle can measure road profiles at speeds ranging from 10 to 55 mph 16 to 88 kmph For the SHRP LTPP studies the test speed will normally be 50 mph 80 kmph 3 Three of the four Profilometer vehicles used to collect profile data for the SHRP LTPP program are identical They were purchased by SHRP and then sent to the regional contractors The vehicle used for these Profilometers is a motor home and the distance between the non contact sensors for these units is 66 in 167 cm The fourth Profilometer vehicle which belongs to the FHWA has been loaned to SHRP This unit is in a van The distance between sensors on this vehicle is 54 in 137 cm Detailed outlines of the operating procedures calibration and maintenance requirements of the different components of the Profilometer vehicle can be found in the manuals listed in the References 2 2 Operational Guidelines 2 2 1 SHRP Procedures Maintenance of Records The operator is responsible for preparing and forwarding the forms and records as described in Section 2 6 which relate to testing and maintenance of the Profilometer to the RCOC Accidents Insurance coverage for the operator driver and the vehicle is maintained by the RCOC The operator will inform the RCOC as soon as possible after an accident Details of the accident should be reported later in
67. d position This procedure will ensure that the vehicle will accurately traverse the distance set out at the site The following steps should be followed when performing the calibration l From the main menu Section 2 3 4 enter C followed by the Return to get into the calibration menu The menu shown in Section 2 3 5 1 will now displayed 2 Enter the letter W and Return 3 The monitor will display the message Driver display to be in feet or miles The operator should select the feet option The program will then display the current distance encoder scale factor as read from the disk The factor has units of feet per 100 pulses i e 20 pulses per foot is 5 ft per 100 pulses 4 The program will display the following options a Drive a Measured Distance Type D b Simulate Distance encoder with Oscillator Type S C Exit Type E Select D and Return which will require the vehicle to be driven over a measured distance 5 Start the distance measurement with the pendant and slowly traverse the section End the distance measurement with the pendant The operator will enter the length of the section in feet 6 The program will then compute a new scale factor The operator will have the option of saving this new scale factor on the system disk before exiting the program and returning to the main program 28 2 5 Equipment Maintenance and Repair 2 5 1 General Background The responsibili
68. d securely close the battery compartment Batteries should be changed after 4 hours of usage to insure continuity of measurements Several sets of rechargeable 9 volt batteries should be kept on hand 3 Check and if necessary re tighten the handle on the instrument 4 Perform the zero check and the calibration check which are described next The Zero and Calibration Check Form should be completed whenever these tests are carried out Zero Check A zero verification is performed by this test This test should be performed on a smooth clean location where the instrument can be properly positioned the carrying case for the Dipstick or a flat board will suffice After positioning the Dipstick draw two circles around the two footpads and note the reading on the display reading R1 The instrument should then be rotated 180 degrees and the two footpads placed on the two circles which were drawn earlier Note the reading obtained reading R2 If the readings from the two placements R1 and R2 add up to within 0 001 the Dipstick has passed the zero check If the addition of two readings do not fall within these limits zero adjustment is necessary The zero adjustment should be performed using the following procedure First obtain the average of the two Dipstick readings e 0 5 RI R2 Then subtract this value from reading R2 to obtain R20 R2o R2 e Then with the Dipstick still in the R2 reading position loosen the set screw and adj
69. e average of the rectified slope ARS variable over the test section The coefficients S and P are constants that are fixed by the time step which is the time that would be needed by a vehicle to advance over one profile measurement interval at the simulation speed These coefficients are computed for the sample interval of the device that collects profile data The reference Quarter Car Simulator includes a smoothing of the input profile using a 10 in 250 mm moving average In the case of the K J Law Profilometer which measures the road profile at 0 5 ft 150 mm intervals an interpolation of the profile points is needed to 85 employ the correct base length in the moving average The moving average is obtained as the average of the next three points over the base length of 1 ft intervals The IRI is then calculated by solving the equation for each average point using the appropriate coefficients S P in Equations 4 9 for a sample interval of 0 5 ft The displacement from either the Dipstick or Profilometer data is calculated as Disp IRI dx n where Disp Displacement in IRI International Roughness Index in mile dx sample interval mile n number of observations up to point i The World Bank has developed a computer program for estimating the IRI using metric units This program has been modified by Pavement Management Systems Limited PMSL to include IRI computations in imperial units or standard unit
70. e contractor RCOC All traffic control activities at test sites will be provided by the state or provincial highway agency 3 2 2 SHRP Procedures Maintenance of Records The Dipstick operator is responsible for forwarding all data collected during tests see forms in Appendix VI In addition the operator is also required to forward other records related to Dipstick operation which are described in the section on record keeping to the RCOC Equipment Repairs The RCOC is responsible for ensuring that the SHRP owned equipment is properly maintained The decisions required for proper maintenance as well as repair should be made based on the testing schedule and expedited as necessary to prevent disruption of testing 37 Accidents In the event of an accident the operators will inform the RCOC of the incident as soon as practical Details of the event shall subsequently be reported in writing to the RCOC to assist in any insurance claim procedures 3 3 Field Testing 3 3 1 General Background The following sequence of field work tasks and requirements provides an overall perspective of the typical work day at a test section Task 1 Personnel Coordination a Dipstick crew operator and recorder for manual Dipstick operator only for auto read model b Traffic control crew supplied by the state highway agency minimum one person or as recommended by the state highway agency c Other SHRP State DOT and RCOC personnel they are ob
71. e data acquisition and handling phase 3 3 2 Site Inspection and Preparation The pavement must be clear of ice snow and puddles of water before profile measurements can be taken with the Dipstick as such conditions can affect the profile measurements Pools of water can possibly damage the electronics in the Dipstick and must be avoided either through adjusting the schedule of profiling trips or by delaying actual measurements until acceptable conditions exist If acceptable conditions are present then proceed as follows 1 Clean both wheel paths of loose stones and debris to prevent slippage of the Dipstick footpads during measurements 2 Use a chalk line to mark a straight line in each wheel path 0 8 m 32 5 in from the center of the travel lane The center of the travel lane should be located using the following guidelines Case I Where the wheel paths can be easily identified the center of the travel lane is considered to be midway between the two wheel paths Case II Where the wheel paths are not clearly identifiable but the two lane edges are well defined the center of the travel lane is considered to be midway between the two lane edges Case III Where only one lane edge is well defined the center of the lane is considered to be 1 8 m 6 ft from that edge If the manual Dipstick is being used a comment in the data collection sheet should be made on how the center line of the lane was defined If the auto read Dipst
72. e data can be observed for the entire run 2 7 8 Labeling Data Disks For ease of file management all data collected at a SPS section should be in a single disk In some instances a GPS section is profiled together with SPS sections due to the layout of the site The following procedure should be followed when labeling data disks for SPS test sites LINE 1 SPS PROJECT NAME xxxxxx where xxxxxx is the six character name to describe the SPS test section LINE 2 If a GPS section is profiled together with a SPS section Associated GPS IDA XXXXXX where xxxxxx is the GPS section number If no GPS section is included in the data leave a blank line LINE 3 Volume x of y where x is the number of the current disk in the set and y is the total number of disks in the set LINE 4 Copy x where x is the number usually 1 to 3 35 LINE 5 Profilometer SN xxx where xxx is the actual serial number of the Profilometer that tested this section LINE 6 MM DD Y Y where MM DD YY is the month date and year that the testing was performed Example SPS Project 26A3XX Associated GPS ID 263456 Volume 1 of 1 Copy 1 of 3 Profilometer SN 007 Date 08 28 91 This disk contains data for SPS section 26A3XX and GPS Section 263456 collected on August 28 1991 36 3 Dipstick Profile Measurements 3 1 Introduction The Face Technologies Dipstick is a manually operated device for the collection of precision profile measurements at a ra
73. e following values Z Z Y Y 36 1 Z Z 0 2 a 36 dx 1 3 where Z Z Z Z are the four variables Y represents the ath profile elevation point 84 Y is the first point and dx is the sample interval For example if a sample interval of dx 0 5 ft Equation 1 would use the difference between the 73th elevation point i e 36 0 5 1 and the first elevation point to establish an initial slope for computing the IRI using the profilometer data Then for each elevation point from 2 to n n number of elevation measurements the following four recursive equations are used Zi Sy Zy Si Z Sy Z Su Z0 P y 4 Z Sn Zr Sy Z Sy Z Sy Z P y 5 Z3 S3 Zr Sy Z Sy Z Sy Z P y 6 Za Sa Z Sy Z Sy Zy Sy Za Py y 7 where y Y Y dx slope input 8 Z Z from previous position j 1 2 4 9 Si P Coeff that are fixed for a given sample interval dx and a given speed Thus equations 4 7 are solved for each position along the wheel track and equation 8 is used to reset the values of Z Z Z Z for the next position Also for each position the rectified slope RS of the filtered profile is computed as RS Z Z 10 After these equations have been solved for all profile points the IRI is calculated as IRI 1 ERS 11 n 1 The IRI statistic is thus th
74. e he de Ue vp eS T MA ARCHIVES ss das sd ood ER CI e oe e ed eR a a Rr o eee eS TI H 4 Backing Up the Data asas dre eio nm RO Rae t CA t T 1 4 2 Restoring Data from a Backup ne 78 IL 5 Date PES mesana ao dilata out oe aret aa SE oe n e Se 79 Appendix III Technical Documentation for Profscan eee 81 ML THUOOUCLOH ssaa e ERU eA TRE ORI a ose Bou d ed 82 III 2 Road Profile Analysis Longitudinal Profile eee 82 II 2 1 International Roughness Index IRD 82 1g 22 Definition OF IRI 5 sunga s Sb a RE Ses EA A eie s 82 111 2 3 Computation of IRI o e e I A 84 References assis dod a A a Be SEAM ode ete SD PURA A 95 Appendix IV Results of Profscan Software oe mm 97 Appendix V Forms for the K J Law Profilometer o o 111 Appendix VI Forms for Dipstick Measurements ooo o 121 Appendix VII Form for Rod and Level Measurements o ooo 127 Gic TUAE 129 viii List of Figures Figure 1 1 SHRP Regions 5er uode E SCE ads dd dd ED ad 6 Figure 2 1 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report SPS 33 Figure 3 1 Dipstick Measurements 0 0000 eee eee nee ean 42 Figure 1 1 The Analysis Parameters 0 0000 e eee eee eae 66 Figure 1 2 The Profile in a Graphical Format for a GPS Site 69 Figure 1 3 The Profile in a Graphical Format for a WIM Site
75. e idle is rough adjust the fuel to air mixture adjustment on float bowl to obtain the ideal setting If the generator still runs roughly the operator may have to clean the carburetor of the generator Consult the operator s manual for the generator for details If the generator still runs roughly it may need to be serviced Any equipment which uses power supplied by the generator should not be turned on until the generator has stabilized A clicking sound indicates that the generator has stabilized and that it is safe to turn on the various equipment powered by the generator If the voltage on the auxiliary battery has dropped below 12 volts turn on the charger for the auxiliary battery The battery charger is mainly used to keep batteries charged when the unit is plugged to an external power source or to provide additional charge to increase the intensity of sensor lights when testing pavements with dark surfaces NOTE Do not turn on auxiliary battery charger if the vehicle has a solenoid that ties the vehicle s main and auxiliary batteries and charges them at the same time Warm up the system prior to performing calibration checks or performing tests This may be as little as 15 minutes in the summer or as much as 30 minutes in the winter 2 3 4 Setting Up the Software Ensure that the ambient temperature and rate of change of temperature within the vehicle is within the system operating range see Section 2 2 2 1 Proceed in the followi
76. e pavement The surface condition can be described as v good very good good fair or poor depending on the observed surface defects The temperature should be the air temperature at the time of test The cloud condition can be described either as clear p cloudy partly cloudy or cloudy The Other field is used to indicate conditions that interfere with the data collection process such as high traffic volumes wind conditions and high intensity of the sun Upon completion of this menu press Return to proceed to the next menu 2 3 6 5 Run Control Method A START METHOD PENDANT B STOP METHOD PENDANT enter LETTER for option RETURN to proceed or X to exit This menu is used to select the start and end methods for the profile run Select the start and stop method using the following steps A toggles between pendant and photocell 23 Ze B toggles between pendant photocell and distance When distance is selected as the ending method the operator is prompted to enter the length of the run The photocell event detector should be used as the start method where possible If the photocell event detector cannot be used e g light colored pavement surface the operator event pendant should be selected The stop method to be used is distance irrespective of the start method For GPS sections a distance of 500 feet should be used for the length of the run Upon completion of this menu press Return to proceed to the next menu
77. e test site Section identification information DEC IRIs as well as any factors which might affect test data interpretation that could not be recorded in the computer are noted in this form The Field Activity Report should be filled out for all travel days all testing days and any time operator performs maintenance on the equipment It is important that reports for test days be completely filled out with all section identification data so that the report may be easily matched to the profile data For travel only days the section for which the traveling is being done should be noted This form also includes a space for the Profilometer operator to acknowledge that the Daily Check List see Appendix V was performed on the equipment and the vehicle 31 2 6 6 Status of the Region s Test Sections The Status of the Region s Test Section form see AppendixV should be filled out at every test section Recent maintenance or rehabilitation activities condition of paint marks missing SHRP signs and delineators as well as any other comments regarding the test section should be recorded in this form 2 6 7 Profscan Reports Two reports are generated for each test section by Profscan The Summary Report contains a statistical summary of the IRIs of the different runs at a test site The second report the Spike Report contains a record of the spikes detected in the pavement profile If no spikes are detected at a section this report is not produced
78. eader INTSTOR 2 in STR header DISTANCE 4 ft STR header avgspeed 2 mph O 06 02 SAY End comment 08 02 SAY Subsection ROWQ 30 SAY Station header END COMT sectn SUBSECT STR sectn START 7 1 to O 09 02 SAY Elapsed distance ft O 11 16 SAY IRI in mi Interval Information COLOR BU BG Determine summary intervals and display appropriate heading Sumint IIF Sumint 0 sectn END sectn START Sumint STR sectn END 7 1 IF Sumint header DISTANCE O 12 07 SAY Interval O 12 20 SAY Left WP O 12 COL0 5 SAY Right WP O 12 COLQ 5 SAY Average ELSE O 12 25 SAY None requested ENDIF Rundist IIF sectn END 0 header DISTANCE sectn END sectn START Allow the user to abort the analysis SET ESCAPE ON ON ESCAPE DO ABORT Iring T Figure 111 3 PROFSCAN IRI Computation for Profilometer and Dipstick Data 88 SELECT ELEVS Disable the logically deleted records Spikes SET DELETED ON GOTO Startred IF Dipin YL 1 Df left 25 4 YR 1 Df right 25 4 ELSE YL 1 Dleft 25 4 YR 1 Dright 25 4 ENDIF GOTO Startred Seed IF Dipin YL k Df left 25 4 YR k Df right 25 4 ELSE YL k Dleft 25 4 YR k Dright 25 4 ENDIF GOTO Startrcd 1 ZIL 1 YL k YL 1 11 Z1R 1 YR K YR 1 11 Z1L 3 ZIL 1 ZIR 3 ZIR 1 STORE 1 TO IX IX Loop through all records for this section subsection until 1 user
79. ecalibrated once every year or more frequently depending on 1 presence of oxidation 2 evidence of erosion and 3 possible damage caused by accidental mishandling in the field If the calibration block gage block thickness is not within 3 175 0 025 mm 0 125 0 001 in all data collected since the last check of the block are suspect and may have to be disregarded 3 4 2 Calibration Frequency The zero check and the calibration check should be conducted by the operator prior to and after any Dipstick measurements If the Dipstick fails the calibration test the approval from an RCOC engineer is required before shipping the equipment to the manufacturer 3 5 Equipment Maintenance and Repair 3 5 1 General Background Scheduled preventive maintenance will serve as a means of ensuring proper operation of the equipment as well as identifying potential problems Timely identification of problems will help to avoid costly delays or incomplete data which could result from on site equipment malfunction The time constraints on the profile testing program require that maintenance activities be performed prior to mobilization for testing During testing it is necessary that the operator be constantly aware of the proper functioning of the equipment There will be little time to accomplish more than the required initial checks at the site in preparation for 45 the test day Therefore preventive maintenance must be performed as a routine functi
80. ed in Section 2 4 3 2 3 6 Entering Header Information Before testing a section the operator has to go through a series of header menus in the software and input data relevant to that section as well as change several default settings in these menus Before beginning this process the operator should complete the following 1 2 20 Make sure that the computer shows the current date and time Check that the power is supplied to the sensors and sensor lamps The lost lock lights should be lit if power is not supplied After supplying power it may take a few moments before the lost lock lights go out If the lost lock light is on continuously the bulb may be burnt 3 The shrouds must be lowered to approximately 1 in 2 54 cm from the pavement to keep the sun from washing out the signal to the displacement receivers To begin the process of entering header information select P and Return if in the Main Menu see section 2 3 4 or type Run Profile and Return from the monitor The program will first load the system calibration factors from the disk If the file containing the calibration factors SCALE CAL is not found or if there is an error in reading the data an error message will be displayed If this occurs the operator should re boot the computer making sure that the vehicle is stationary during the booting period Frequently the error message occurs because the file SCALE CAL is not copied to the memory and all th
81. ement ROA asas suas HWY 400 Surface Mat l A CC Surface Cond POOR Weather Temperature 60 F CloUd se PCLOUDY Other RUN 2 IRI in mi SECHS NN RS UN ea DISPLACEMENT INCLUDE POSSIBLE gt LEFT RIGHT BOTH in IN STAT SPIKES TT Ol Ie d 92 35 107 48 H 99 92 9 46 Yes No 2 95 73 107 21 101 47 H 9 61 Yes No 3 91 51 L 107 19 99 35 9 41 Yes No 4 94 79 104 65 99 72 9 44 Yes No 5 94 44 102 89 98 67 L 9 34 Yes No 6 93 32 105 68 99 50 9 42 Yes No 7 100 60 H 99 33 L 99 97 9 47 Yes No 8 94 78 106 98 100 88 9 55 Yes No 9 95 68 102 11 98 89 9 36 Yes No Minimum 91 51 98 67 Maximum 107 48 101 47 Mean 1 95 74 105 88 100 81 Mean 94 80 104 84 99 82 Mean 1 93 85 103 78 98 82 Std Deviation 2 46 2 69 0 84 2 Of Mean 1 89 2 09 1 99 Coef of Vari 2 5 2 5 0 8 YOU HAVE SUFFICIENT RUNS E A nn L Lowest value H Highest value 102 REMARKS SPS 87A311 Run Comments PEN s P M 1 End of run RUN OK SOME SAT RT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 2 End of run RUN OK SOME SAT RT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 3 End of run RUN OK SOME SAT RT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 4 End of run RUN OK SOME SAT RT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat le
82. extent and detail required before the operation checks are performed This list of items is not to supersede manufacturers minimum requirements for warranty compliance l Exterior Check general appearance glass display should be clean ball and socket joint for the footpads should be properly lubricated 2 Accessories Be sure adequate supplies of consumables are on hand e g batteries grease WD 40 In the Dipstick Field Activity Report the first line of information following the section identification data is an acknowledgement that the pre operation checks were properly performed 3 5 3 Scheduled Major Maintenance Scheduled major preventive services shall include much more than the routine checks and will require some disassembly of the equipment by personnel with technical capabilities beyond the skill of the operators or RCOC staff The SHRP Major Maintenance Repair Report should be used by the operator to report the performance of necessary services This form will also serve to inform the RCOC of the condition of the Dipstick on a regular basis 46 Items such as battery connecter replacement would fall into the major maintenance category The appropriate service intervals are outlined in the equipment manufacturer s manual 3 5 4 Equipment Problems and Repair Regardless of the quality of the preventive program there will probably be equipment failures during the LTPP program When these occur it is extremely importa
83. for each SPS in the continuous run The section header must be provided first in order to proceed with this option The Study field is used to identify the site as a General Pavement Study GPS Specific Pavement Study SPS both GPS and SPS or a Weigh in Motion WIM site This is accomplished by entering G S B or W respectively Using a Y in the Include column instructs the program to analyze that particular length of pavement By default the entire run is set to be analyzed and is defined by a zero start station and an ending station that is equal to the length of the run Refer to Adding a new SPS at the end of this document for more information 10 2 Parameters The user selectable parameters which control the calculation of IRI values are shown in Figure 1 1 These parameters can be modified at any time prior to selecting the IRI option Caution is required when changing the parameters If it is not known how the parameters are used in the analysis it is suggested that they be left at their current setting or use the suggested values The serial numbers for the K J Law Profilometer and Face Technologies Dipsticke should be entered by each region These numbers will be loaded to the RIMS files when they are created 1 Spike Threshold Value defines a spike condition When two consecutive elevations have a difference in excess of this value and the next elevation is such that a peak is produced the program will detect a spike
84. ft on stripes RCO 5 End of run RUN OK SOME SAT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 6 End of run RUN OK SOME SAT RT ON SS Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 7 End of run SAT ON STRIPES BOTH SENSORS Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 8 End of run RUN OK SAT LEFT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 9 End of run RUN OK SAT LEFT ON STRIPES Final Field good testing conditions sat left on stripes RCO 103 C PROF WV GPS RD4 545007 SPI Survey Date 30 04 1992 The following runs could contain possible spike conditions GPS E45007 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 Elev 2 2 Right 500 0 0 10 GPS E45007 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 4 Right 498 0 0 10 GPS E45007 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 5 Right 249 5 0 24 104 20 23 Elev 2 0 25 Elev 2 0 35 Elev 3 0 17 Elev 3 0 18 Elev 3 0 30 C PROF NC WIM 371993 SPI Survey Date 13 12 1992 The following runs could contain WIM 371993W Run WP Dist n Elev i Elev 2 M Left 311 5 0 00 WIM 371993W 0 43 Run WP Dist n Elev 1 Elev 2 N Left 311 5 0 41 0 62 N Left 312 5 0 08 0 10 N Left 313 0 0 10 0 26 WIM 371993W Run WP Dist n Elev 1 Elev 2 O Left 310 5 0 05 0 37 WIM 371993W Run WP Dist n Elev 1 Elev 2 P Left 310 5 0 05 0 51 WIM 371993W Run WP Dist n Elev 1 Elev 2 Q Left 310 5 0 06 Q Left 311 5 0 26 WIM 371993W
85. g simulation models to characterize the roughness associated with pavement deformation As part of the SHRP data four index values have been calculated from the profile data to represent ride quality The source and methods for calculating the various indices are provided as part of this document III 2 Road Profile Analysis Longitudinal Profile The mathematical simulation included in the PROFSCAN software for analyzing profile data is the International Roughness Index IRI The IRI value is used to evalute the consistency of the profile data collected by the profilometer and to monitor the performance of the SHRP LTPP pavement sites HI 2 1 International Roughness Index IRI Roughness is generally characterized by a summary index that applies over a length of road Summary index measures are obtained most directly by measuring the longitudinal profile and then applying mathematical analysis to reduce the profile to the roughness statistic The moving average smoothing filter can be used to obtain a profile of one such standardized roughness measure the International Roughness Index IRI The International Roughness Index IRI was developed for the World Bank 1 as part of a continued research effort from an NCHRP Project 2 It is the only existing roughness measure that is reproducible with a wide variety of equipment including single and two track profiling systems rod and level and response type road roughness measuring systems R
86. he Profscan program is capable of computing the IRI of the individual test sections within a SPS site by identifying the test sections using the event marks The operator should study the IRI computed for each run to ensure that repeatable data are obtained between runs The procedure outlined in Section 2 2 4 for GPS sites should be followed in order to obtain an acceptable set of runs at a SPS site 2 7 6 Header Generation The procedures outlined in Section 2 3 6 for header generation for GPS test sites should be followed for SPS test sites However differences exist for SPS sites in the following menus 1 Surface Profile System Setup see Section 2 3 6 1 The Graph Length is the length that can be seen on one screen of the monitor The available graph lengths are 800 1600 and 3200 ft Depending on the length of the SPS site select an appropriate graph length For long SPS sites the entire length cannot be displayed in a single screen For such sections after the selected graph length is displayed the screen is reset and the next part of the profile is displayed 2 Run Identification see Section 2 3 6 2 The following procedure should be followed in naming the section number for SPS sections a The first two digits identify the state or the province b The third digit is the project code c The fourth digit is the type of SPS site d Last two digits are XX If the SPS site is broken into two sections use X1 and X2 3
87. he collected data are the responsibility of each RCOC However when a Profilometer is not available SHRP has elected to use the Dipstick which is a hand held digital profiler manufactured by Face Technologies to collect profile data The Dipstick is also used to obtain transverse profile data in some circumstances Each RCOC contractor maintains a Dipstick for profile data collection for these circumstances A rod and level can also be used to measure pavement profiles if a Profilometer or a Dipstick is not available or where other special circumstance or requirements rule out the Dipstick or the Profilometer n E q Ap Er a a LZ RIR i e a e ata ra a e tone A I tata m Te are y a ata aT alude e ete ate a a aro statute ttal a teta e ete a a a ata ORI IREI OOOO DS 5 e D DO Whee atte OI OSO ate ata a statuta 5 5 alta tao o eater SOS aate uta IR IO Go tete eal RR SEI eleita DUDA nes ata MANITOBA a a e ette 5 PUERTO RICO PR Figure 1 1 SHRP Regions 1 4 Overview of the Manual This manual describes procedures to be followed when measuring pavement profiles using the K J Law model 690DNC Inertial Profilometer the Face Technologies Dipstick and the rod and level The manual covers the following L Field Testing 2 Data Collection 3 Calibration of Equipment 4 Equipment Maintenance 5 Record
88. he results from the PROFSCAN software compare favorably to those calculated by other agencies using the same data set As standards and practices change the PROFSCAN software should be easily modified and adapted 86 1000 REM This program demonstrates the IRI computation 1010 REM 1020 REM 1030 REM Initialize constants 1040 DIM Y 26 Z 4 Z1 4 ST 4 4 PR 4 1050 READ DX 1060 K INT 25 DX 5 1 1070 IF K lt 2 THEN K 2 1080 BL K 1 DX 1090 FORI 1 TO 4 1100 FOR J 1 TO 4 1110 READ STI J 1120 NEXT J 1130 READ PR I 1140 NEXT I 1150 REM Initialize variables 1160 INPUT profile elevation 11 m from start Y K 1170 INPUT X 0 Elevation Y 1 1180 Z1 1 Y K Y 1 11 1190 Z1 2 0 1200 Z1 3 Z1 1 1210 Z1 4 1220 RS 0 1230 IX 1 1240 I 0 1250 REM Loop to input profile and Calculate Roughness 1260 I I 1 1270 PRINT X 5 IX DX 1280 IX IX 1 1290 INPUT Elev Y K 1300 REM Compute Slope Input 1310 IF IX lt K THEN Y IX Y K 1320 IF IX lt K THEN GOTO 1270 1330 YP Y K Y 1 BL 1340 FOR J 2TOK 1350 YJ 1 YQ 1360 NEXT J 1370 REM Simulate Vehicle Response 1380 FORJ 1T0O4 1390 Z J PRG YP 1400 FOR JJ 1TO4 1410 Z Z J STG JJ ZIG 1420 NEXT JJ 1430 NEXT J 1440 FORJ 1 TO 4 1
89. her saturation light or lost lock light was on low sun angle worn shroud cover passing trucks high winds rapid acceleration or deceleration of vehicle 2 Review the spike report generated by Profscan to determine if the spikes are the result of field related anomalies e g potholes transverse cracks bumps or due to saturation electronic failures or interferences This can be analyzed by reviewing the Profscan reports and seeing if the spikes occur at the same location in all runs If the variability between runs or the spikes are believed to be operator or equipment error identify and eliminate correct or avoid as in the case of non ideal lighting conditions the cause of the anomalies and make additional runs until a minimum of five runs free of equipment or operator errors are obtained Where anomalies in the data are believed to be due to pavement features rather than errors a total of nine runs should be obtained at that section If the data from the last four runs are consistent with those for the first five in terms of variability and the presence of pavement related anomalies no further runs are required If the data from the last four runs differ from those for the first five runs the operator should reevaluate the cause of the variability or apparent spike condition and make additional runs until five error free runs have been obtained Once testing is completed the Profscan program should be used to evaluate the data
90. hits escape key 2 gone past the subsection s ending record 3 we ve run out of data end of file DO WHILE Dist lt Rundist AND Iring AND EOFO I 1 1 il il 1 The following code is adapted from the world banks report DO WHILE T IX IX 1 IX IX 1 Dist IX samint 12 IF Dipin YL k Df left 25 4 YR k Df right 25 4 ELSE YL k Dleft 25 4 YR k Dright 25 4 ENDIF IF IX lt k Figure II 3 Continued 89 90 YL 1X YL k YR IX YR k SKIP LOOP ELSE EXIT ENDIF ENDDO YPL YL k YL 1 BL YPR YR k YR 1 BL Check for spikes on profilometer data Note Cannot detect spikes on dipstick data slopes This is not part of the world bank code A spike is identified where a peak is produced between any three consecutive elevations and whose magnitude is greater than or equal to the user specified value IF Dipin Lspikl ABS YL 2 YL 1 Rspik1 ABS YR 2 YR 1 Lspik2 ABS YL 3 YL 2 Rspik2 ABS YR 3 YR 2 IF Lspik1 gt Spike 25 4 AND Lspik2 gt Spike 25 4 2 AND SIGN YL 2 YL 1 fSIGN YL 3 YL 2 Sayspike Left Dist YL 1 YL 2 YL 3 fig T ENDIF IF Rspik1 gt Spike 25 4 AND Rspik2 gt Spike 25 4 2 AND SIGN YR 2 YR 1 SIGN YR 3 YR 2 Sayspike Right Dist YR 1 YR 2 YR 3 fig T ENDIF ENDIF FORJ 2TOk YLQ 1 YLO YR J 1 YR ENDFOR FORJ 1 TO4 ZL PRO YPL ZR D PR YP
91. hould not be interrupted unless absolutely necessary After the forward and the return run have been completed on one wheel path the post data collection check and quality control check need to be completed before taking measurements on the other wheel path 3 3 3 3 Post Data Collection Check To ensure the accuracy of the collected data the operator must conduct the zero and calibration checks outlined above after completing measurements on a wheel path If the Dipstick fails either of these checks the data must be considered as suspect If the Dipstick fails the zero check repeat the profile measurements after adjusting the Dipstick as noted in point 4 of Section 3 3 3 1 If the Dipstick fails the calibration test follow the procedure under point 4 in Section 3 3 3 1 If the Dipstick satisfies these checks proceed with the quality control checks 3 3 3 4 Quality Control Check Various forms of error may be introduced into the Dipstick measurements including operator bias footpad slippage low battery power and recording errors A closed loop survey is used to establish the total accumulated error in the profile measurements acquired with the Dipstick A closed loop survey is accomplished by completing an initial run along one wheel path and a return run along the exact same wheel path 1 closed loop 2 runs The final value of the running sum of the two runs should theoretically result in a zero elevation difference Any difference in ele
92. ick is used the method of determining the center of the road should be noted in the field notebook This information will help to collect consistent data in future profile measurements at that section 3 Lay out and mark straight lines for transverse profile measurements The lines shall be perpendicular to the edge of the pavement at intervals of 15 25 m 50 ft starting at Station 0 00 and ending at Station 152 50 5 00 For GPS sections eleven lines will be present The location of lines should be adjusted to avoid raised pavement markings and similar anomalies The need for and magnitude of such adjustments is to be recorded on the data sheets Transverse profile measurements are not required for rigid pavements and in instances where PASCO cross profile data is available 39 3 3 3 Dipstick Operation for Longitudinal Profile Measurements 3 3 3 1 Pre operational Checks on the Dipstick The checks to be performed on the Dipstick prior to testing are described in this section 40 1 Check the condition of footpads and replace if necessary with the extra set in the Dipstick case Clean and lubricate the ball and socket joints on the footpads to insure smooth pivoting of the instrument When the joint is dirty pivoting becomes difficult and slippage of the footpad can occur A cleaning agent such as WD 40 and a light oil for lubrication will work for the ball and socket joint 2 Install a fresh set of batteries in the instrument an
93. inted prior to viewing the elevation data graphically on the screen 72 If the first five runs do not meet the criteria specified and the profilometer operator collects more data which does contain spikes then these spikes will be appended to the previously existing spike file of the section if it did exist Or if the operator repeats the analysis then the same spikes will be appended and two sets of the spikes will exist in the file NOTE The user cannot send the spike report to a file since the information is already contained in one 12 3 History The purpose of the history report is to provide the historical performance of a section s IRI The program will track each site according to the STATE PROVINCE SECTION or SUBSECTION if defined DATE and RUN It includes the IRI value for each run over the section along with the section s mean IRI Example outputs generated by the PROFSCAN software are provided in Appendix IV 1 13 Adding a New SPS As mentioned previously the section definition file contains a starting and ending station such that the entire length of the run is included for analysis When only a subsection of the run is to be analyzed the user must provide its starting and ending points The user can edit the existing one to suit the needs or add another subsection by first typing CTRL N This will duplicate the section name and automatically include it into the analysis It is necessary to provide a subsection
94. ith a mouse It utilizes a menu system for its user interface and consists of a series of related operations or procedures which are grouped into a horizontal band across the top of the screen Further options are subsequently displayed in popup type menus Anyone who is familiar with recent microcomputer software should be able to use the menu system without further help All available menu options have a hot key This hot key will select and activate that option when it is pressed together with the ALT key or after hitting the ALT key alone These keys are shown in yellow or in the case of a monochrome screen they will be underlined After pressing the ALT key menu selections can also be made by using the ARROW or in some instances the TAB key to position the cursor highlight over the desired option and then confirming the selection by pressing the RETURN key A popup menu will automatically appear if further menu choices are available To unselect a menu press the ESC key 11 2 Windows A window is a portion of the computer monitor that is reserved for input and output It is treated separately from the rest of the display screen A window is easily identified in this software by the following characteristics Titles A character string centered across the top Borders box surrounding the edges of the window Shadow shadow is cast on the underlying screen Control Symbols to zoom size and move the window NO
95. ith the earlier reading taken at this position within the resolution of the instrument If they do not agree the profile has to be measured again from the last pivot point to the end of the section The measurement of pavement profiles using the rod and level is labor intensive and time consuming Therefore it is advisable to check the accuracy of the measured data at regular intervals This can be performed by establishing a set of control points along the wheel path for example at 100 foot 30 5 m intervals starting from the beginning of the section After leveling a distance of 100 feet 30 5 m the rod has to be placed at the previous control point and another reading taken This reading has to agree with the previous reading taken at this control point within the resolution of the instrument If the readings do not agree the length between the control points has to be measured again This procedure can be used if the instrument setup is not changed between the two control points being considered If the instrument setup is changed between two control points the above procedure can be still applied treating the pivot point as a control point 4 3 4 Factors to be Considered The following factors have to be considered when conducting profile measurements with the rod and level l If the level is sensitive to temperature variations it might need to be covered with an umbrella to protect it from direct sunlight 2 During windy conditio
96. lens The photocell has to be returned to K J Law for Cleaning Sometimes the photocell event detector may not trigger on pavements with a light colored surface If this condition occurs the operator event pendant should be used instead of the photocell to initiate data collection This method requires the operator to judge the starting point for data acquisition A reference point near the starting point on the side of the pavement e g a road sign or a tree should be used for consistency Several practice runs may be needed for data acquisition by this method 11 2 2 3 3 Recording Profile Data The virtual memory on the DEC computer will be used as the recording medium during a profile run After the run is completed the driver should pull over and come to a complete stop at a safe location so the data can be transferred to the hard disk prior to another profile run On sections where the turnaround distance is relatively short the operator could complete all runs before saving the data to the hard disk All data should be transferred to the hard disk and backed up on a floppy disk before the crew leave the test section 2 2 3 4 Inclement Weather and Other Interferences In some instances inclement weather rain snow lightning and heavy cross winds may interfere with the acquisition of acceptable data In general profile measurements should not be conducted on wet pavements particularly when free standing water is present In some
97. mation Management Data base System The central data base of the LTPP program located at the Transportation Research Board Washington DC Personal Computer 129 PMSL Pavement Management Systems Limited PROFCAL Profilometer Calibration Software PROFCHK Profilometer Checking and Analysis Software PROFSCAN Profilometer Scanning Software PROQUAL Profile Quality Assurance and Analysis Software RAM RCO Reboot Record RIMS RMSVA RWP Section SHRP Site Spike SPS SV VGA 130 Random Access Memory Regional Coordination Office The procedure executed by the computer when the power is switched off and on cold boot or when the combination of CTRL ALT DEL keys are pressed warm boot A body of information treated as a set within a data base Regional Information Management Data base System The regional data bases that contribute data to the NIMS Root Mean Square Vertical Acceleration Right Wheel Path A portion of roadway that is homogeneous in nature the entire section is of similar properties in terms of pavement structure traffic levels and history See also site Strategic Highway Research Program The location of test sections for the evaluation of variables in pavement construction and rehabilitation over a 20 year period Rapid change in elevation Specific Pavement Studies Slope Variance Video Graphic Adapter Weigh In Motion
98. ment profile measurements precision levelling instruments are required The instrument used for profile measurement should satisfy the resolution criteria given in the following table which was obtained from the ASTM Standard Test Method for Measuring Road Roughness by Static Level Method 2 IRI Range Resolution 0 lt IRI lt 30in mile 0 lt IRI lt 0 47 m km 0 005 in 0 13 mm 30 lt IRI lt 63in mile 0 47 lt IRI lt 1 00 m km 0 01 in 0 25 mm 63 lt IRI lt 190in mile 1 00 lt IRI lt 3 00 m km 0 02 in 0 51 mm 190 lt IRI lt 317in mile 3 00 lt IRI lt 5 00 m km 0 04 in 1 02 mm 317 lt IRI lt 444in mile 5 00 lt IRI lt 7 00 m km 0 06 in 1 52 mm IRI 2444 in mile IRI gt 7 00 m km 0 08 in 2 03 mm The rod used should be equipped with a bubble level so that it can be held vertical accurately A suitable base must be selected for the rod in order to reduce the sensitivity to small variations in rod placement For smooth textured pavements any type of base is suitable For textured surfaces a circular pad with a diameter of at least 0 8 in 2 0 cm is recommended 2 As only relative elevations are required for computing roughness indices no correction is required for attaching a pad to the bottom of the rod 49 4 2 3 SHRP Procedures Maintenance of Records The instrument operator record keeper is responsible for forwarding all data collected during tests to the Regional Coordinating Office Contractor
99. name as well as its starting and ending stations relative to the beginning of the run Repeating this step until all subsections are defined is required To exclude a subsection from the analysis input an N for NO in the Include column Use the Scan Event Marks to locate any event markers which may assist in determining the required stations If an SPS section is extremely long or has long transition areas between sections it is more advisable to collect the profile data in two groups of SPS sections or more When using the same file section name care must be taken to set up separate directories for transfer and analysis of the data to avoid overwriting files Another method is to give a different file section name for the second group If this method is used the HISTORY file has to be edited so that a true history report can be produced This subsectioning method can also be utilized if more than one GPS site or a GPS and a WIM site are close to each other In such case one set of data can be collected over the sites and then subsectioned as required NOTE All subsectioning must be done prior to proceeding with the analysis Failure to do so will eliminate any means of subsectioning without first deleting all of the data files and starting again 73 Appendix II Manipulation of Menus Windows and Data in Profscan 15 Appendix II Manipulation of Menus Windows and Data in Profscan 11 1 Menus This software is best used w
100. nce and Repair ooo 45 3 5 1 General Background 45 3 5 2 Routine Maintenance cerne 46 vi 3 5 3 Scheduled Major Maintenance 0 0000 5 ee 46 3 5 4 Equipment Problems and Repair 47 3 6 Record Keeping 2 2 lecce VLLL LLL 47 3 6 1 Dipstick Field Activity Report 47 3 6 2 SHRP Major Maintenance Repair Report 222 48 3 6 3 Zero and Calibration Check Form 0000 0000 48 4 Profile Measurements Using the Rod and Level 49 imu MP mw ds Ah a TS CUCA A Sew Warne kok hw Gove SS 49 4 2 Operational Guidelines 49 4 2 1 General Procedures su bee e EROR dada e bu 49 4 2 2 Equipment Requirements 49 42 9 SHRP Procedures ais uo Xa UE pum PUER a ada dA 50 Moo cu cias de tro Sobra a ii ili 50 4 3 1 General Background 0 ll oe cee eee eh 50 4 3 2 Site Inspection and Preparation o 51 4 3 3 Longitudinal Profile Measurements 000 0004 51 4 3 4 Factors to be Considered a o 4 3 5 Profile Computations lee 54 4 3 6 Quality Control asma ae wh Eu ER GEHE rhs ord AE I ae E od 54 4 4 Calibration and Adjustments LL 55 4 5 Equipment Maintenance 55 4 6 Record Keeping 45s a dose dd EB we Bowe us 56 INGICICNCES 2 Give ei ts A 57 Appendix I Profscan Manual cccccccccl oen 59 dsl AIMPOCUEHOM o acie as mu LD Beca a li ii oi 60 L2 Newto Version 14 a
101. ng order 1 Place the system disk in the upper drive DU1 of the DEC computer Make sure that the write protect notch is on the left side 2 Turn on the computer or press the Restart button if power is already on The system will access the disk and load the operating system into memory Verify that the run light is on and the DC OK light is illuminated 3 If the monitor does not respond then a Depress the Restart button on the DEC PDP 11 83 front panel b Depress and hold Ctrl and then press C Do this twice c Within one minute the terminal should respond with Message 04 Entering Dialog Mode Commands are Help Boot List Setup Map and Test Type a command then press the RETURN key d Type BOOT DUI and press the Return key The upper drive indicator should light indicating that the disk is being accessed e If the start up message does not appear within one minute boot the system with the backup system disk f If the system still does not respond or the Halt indicator light comes on the DEC computer needs servicing This should be performed by an authorized DEC service center Once the software has been loaded remove the system disk from the drive The monitor will display the Main Menu Qumga w gt FORMAT AND INITIALIZE calls the format initialize menu RUN BACKUP calls the file backup menu RUN CALIBRATE runs the calibrate program LIST DIRECTORIES calls the directory menu TIME DATE
102. not detect an incorrect reading being recorded at an intermediate location However during processing of raw data erroneous readings can be detected by plotting the elevation profile 4 4 Calibration and Adjustments The user manual of the level should be consulted on how to perform adjustments of the instrument Different makes and models of levels will require different adjustments to be performed The following are some common adjustments which are required in levels in order to obtain accurate measurements The user manual of the level should be consulted to determine if the following adjustments are needed for the level being used and if so how to perform the specific adjustment l Make Axis of Level Bubble Perpendicular to Vertical Axis After setting up the level center the bubble Move the telescope 180 degrees about the vertical axis If the bubble moves the instrument needs adjustment 2 Adjust Horizontal Cross Hairs This adjustment will ensure that the horizontal cross hairs are truly horizontal when the instrument is leveled 3 Adjust Line of Sight This adjustment will make the axis of sight perpendicular to the vertical axis and also make it parallel to the axis of the level The method of adjustment for this error is commonly referred to as the two peg method The rod has to be checked to see the accuracy of the markings A standardized tape should be used for this 4 5 Equipment Maintenance Shock proof packaging sh
103. ns profile measurements should be avoided as movement of the level could occur 3 If the level has to be set up at more than one position during profile measurements make the length to backsights and foresights equal This will eliminate errors due to curvature and refraction at turning points 53 4 3 5 Profile Computation During field profile measurements the crew is only expected to record the readings of the level using the procedures described in Section 4 3 3 The computation of the elevation profile from this data will be done in the office This section will briefly describe how the data recorded in the field is used to obtain the longitudinal profile of the pavement For profile computations the elevation of the location where the first reading first backsight was measured is needed However as only relative elevations are needed to compute roughness indices such as IRI an arbitrary value can be selected for the elevation of this point The relative elevation of any point measured from the initial instrument setup can be obtained from the following equations Instrument Height IS BM RR1 4 1 Relative Elevation of a Point IS RR 4 2 where IS Initial instrument height BM Elevation of point where the first backsight was taken assume any value e g 100 ft 30 5 m RR1 Rod reading at first backsight RR Rod reading at any point from the initial instrument setup Once the position of the level is
104. nt 1 _irib minell stats r STR VAL Scount 1 minelel maxell stats r STR VAL Scount 1 maxelel minelr stats r STR VAL Scount 1 mineler maxelr stats r STR VAL Scount 1 _maxeler minlol stats r STR VAL Scount 1 minlocl maxlol stats r STR VAL Scount 1 maxlocl minlor stats r STR VAL Scount 1 minlocr maxlor stats r STR VAL Scount 1 _maxlocr disl stats r STR VAL Scount 1 displ disr stats r STR VAL Scount 1 dispr Update the statistics dbf SELECT STATS REPLACE statl WITH Iril statr WITH Irir statb WITH Irib disl WITH ldisp disr WITH rdisp minell WITH maxmin 3 1 maxell WITH maxmin 1 1 minelr WITH maxmin 4 1 maxelr WITH maxmin 2 1 minlol WITH maxmin 3 2 maxlol WITH maxmin 1 2 minlor WITH maxmin 4 2 maxlor WITH maxmin 2 2 ENDIF RELEASE maxmin RELEASE WINDOW w_proc WAIT CLEAR SET DELETED OFF ON ESCAPE SET ESCAPE OFF RETURN Figure III 3 Continued References 1 Sayers M W Gillespie T D and Queiroz C A V The International Road Roughness Experiment Establishing Correlation and a Standard for Measurement World Bank Technical Report No 45 Washington D C 1986 2 Gillespie T D Sayers M W and Segel L NCHRP Report No 228 Calibration of Response Type Road Roughness Measuring Systems TRB National Research Council Washington D C 1980
105. nt that repairs or replacement of items be accomplished in a timely fashion During periods when there is no scheduled testing these problems are easily handled However if they occur during mobilization or while on site significant problems in scheduling and coordination could develop To help minimize the impact of equipment problems it is essential that the operator immediately notify the RCOC and any other agencies or individuals as necessary The responsibility for equipment maintenance and repair activity rests with each RCOC However the RCOC should keep LTPP staff informed of any major problems concerning the equipment When repairs are necessary and must be performed by an outside agency the operator will report this information on the SHRP Major Maintenance Report form as an unscheduled maintenance activity Details of the circumstances during field testing related to this maintenance activity should be noted on the daily activity report Minor repairs performed by the operator at times other than during testing should be recorded on a daily activity report that clearly states no testing was performed In this case no reference information section number etc will be entered 3 6 Record Keeping The Dipstick operator will be responsible for maintaining the following forms and records l Dipstick Field Activity Report 2 Major Maintenance Repair Report 3 Zero and Calibration Check Form All of these forms are included in Appendix
106. on at the end of each test travel day and on days when no other work is scheduled Minimizing the rate of equipment deterioration is the responsibility of the RCOC and individual operators Specific detailed maintenance procedures are contained in the manuals provided with each individual piece of equipment and the operator must become intimately familiar with the maintenance recommendations contained in all equipment manuals This section is intended to reinforce the concept of maximum equipment dependability which is critical to the effectiveness of the LTPP program It is not the intention of this guide to supersede manufacturers minimum services and service intervals but to provide supplementary service requirements Where there is a conflict between this guide and the manufacturers instructions the more stringent requirements should be followed 3 5 2 Routine Maintenance Routine maintenance includes those functions which can be easily performed by the operator with minimal disassembly of a particular device Routine maintenance for the Dipstick includes the cleaning and lubrication of the ball and socket joints on the footpads replacement of the batteries and cleaning of the battery contacts These items are basic and easily performed preventive measures and should always be completed prior to operation of the equipment The following list of pre operation preventive maintenance items is not complete but is intended to show the
107. ons for a twenty year period The data collected at the test sections are stored in the LTPP Information Management System data base This data will be used develop improved pavement design procedures that will enable highway engineers to tailor designs and maintenance to specific conditions The annual collection of longitudinal profile data of each test section is a major task of LTPP The left and right wheel path profile data for five repeat runs on a test section are stored in the data base In addition the International Roughness Index IRI Mays Index Root Mean Square Vertical Acceleration RMSVA and slope variance which are computed from the profile data are stored in the data base This manual describes procedures to be followed when measuring pavement profiles for LTPP using the K J Law Profilometer Face Technologies Dipstick and the rod and level Field testing procedures data collection procedures calibration of equipment record keeping and maintenance of equipment for each of the profiling methods is described The primary device used to obtain pavement profile measurements for LTPP is K J Law Profilometer However when a Profilometer is not available the Dipstick is used to collect profile data A rod and level can also be used to measure pavement profiles if a Profilometer or a Dipstick is not available 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview of SHRP and the LTPP Program The Strategic Highway Research Program s SHRP Long Term
108. ontrol should be used to maintain a uniform speed It is important during a profile run to avoid changes in speed which may jerk the vehicle or cause it to pitch Change in throttle pressure or use of brakes to correct vehicle speed should be applied slowly and smoothly 2 2 3 2 Event Initiation During profile data collection the data collection program uses event marks to initiate data acquisition The event marks are generated by either a photocell event detector or by the Operator event pendant The photocell event detector uses the white paint stripe on the pavement prior to the test section to initiate data acquisition Depending on the reflectivity of the paint mark on the pavement the detection threshold control located on the front of the console may require some adjustment for the photocell to trigger properly If the pavement surface is bright the threshold should be lowered If the pavement is dark the threshold should be increased Several passes over the section may be required to determine the proper threshold setting In instances where the existing paint mark on the pavement does not trigger the photocell even with threshold adjustments reflective pavement marking tape may be placed at the beginning of the section If the threshold for the photocell has to be set near zero to enable the photocell to trigger it could indicate a clouded lens in the photocell This occurs when the brass inside the photocell corrodes and fogs the
109. orts that are capable of being generated are listed below and subsequently described 12 1 Summary After analyzing the profilometer runs over the section this report will give the IRI value of the left wheel path LWP the right wheel path RWP the average IRI value of both wheel paths the displacement for each run and then produce a statistical summary of the IRI values A prompt exists to select an output device as well as provide an opportunity to eliminate any questionable results by instructing the program to ignore specific runs The latter is accomplished by logically deleting CTRL T the dubious run s on the list On the same screen it is possible to add a final field comment prior to producing the report The report also indicates if any of the runs were not included in the statistics and of the possibility of spikes NOTE The statistical results will always be re calculated prior to generating the report This is done to ensure that the user deleted runs are accounted for If the data fails the statistical check a message on the screen as well as on the report providing notification of this will be displayed 12 2 Spike This report is generated during the analysis procedure and contains the location of any spike conditions that the program has detected The spike is identified for each run at its distance from the start of the run followed by the three consecutive elevation measurements It is suggested that this report be pr
110. ould be used when transporting the instrument After completing a profile measurement always clean the instrument Before cleaning the lenses blow the dust off the lenses Clean the lenses using a soft cloth The lenses should not be touched with the fingers If the instrument becomes wet in the field make sure that it is completely dry before packing The tripod should be inspected regularly to ensure that the connections are not loose 55 4 6 Record Keeping The Rod and Level Data Collection Form see Appendix VII should be used to record readings when profile measurements are performed using the rod and level In addition a comment should be made on this form as to how the wheel paths were located All items in this form should be completed by the record keeper If only two persons are conducting the survey the instrument operator should complete the form Even when an automated instrument which is capable of saving the data is used the location information in this form should be completed The operator should forward a copy of the collected data to the RCOC If an automated unit is used a backup copy of the data should be made after that data is downloaded to a computer 56 References 1 Profscan V1 4 User Documentation Pavement Management Systems Limited Amherst New York 1992 Standard Test Method for Measuring Road Roughness by Static Level Method Designation E 1364 90 American Society of Testing and Materials Phil
111. p IF DF_LEFT gt maxmin 1 1 maxmin 1 1 DF_LEFT maxmin 1 2 RECNOQ IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF 92 Figure 111 3 Continued Maximum right wp IF DF RIGHT gt maxmin 2 1 maxmin 2 1 DF RIGHT maxmin 2 2 RECNOQ IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF Minimum left wp IF DF LEFT lt maxmin 3 1 maxmin 3 1 DF LEFT maxmin 3 2 RECNO IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF Minimum right wp IF DF RIGHT lt maxmin 4 1 maxmin 4 1 DF RIGHT maxmin 4 2 RECNOQ IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF ENDSCAN ELSE Statistics for Profilometer data SCAN Maximum left wp IF DLEFT gt maxmin 1 1 maxmin 1 1 DLEFT maxmin 1 2 RECNOQ IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF Maximum right wp IF DRIGHT gt maxmin 2 1 maxmin 2 1 DRIGHT maxmin 2 2 RECNO IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF Minimum left wp IF DLEFT lt maxmin 3 1 maxmin 3 1 DLEFT maxmin 3 2 RECNO 0 IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF Minimum right wp IF DRIGHT lt maxmin 4 1 maxmin 4 1 DRIGHT maxmin 4 2 RECNO IIF samint 6 0 5 1 ENDIF ENDSCAN ENDIF DO CASE CASE BETWEEN count 1 5 Scount STR count 1 CASE BETWEEN count 6 10 Scount STR count 5 1 CASE BETWEEN count 11 15 Figure III 3 Continued 93 94 Scount STR count 10 1 CASE BETWEEN count 16 20 Scount STR count 15 1 ENDCASE statl stats r STR VAL Scount 1 _iril statr stats r STR VAL Scount 1 _irir statb stats r STR VAL Scou
112. path 41 42 Direction Of Travel READING POINT 2 READING POINT 1 Figure 3 1 Dipstick Measurements Minor localized cracks and holes in the pavements as well as open joints should be avoided during the Dipstick profile measurement process e g instances where one footpad sinks into a crack or hole or into an open or faulted joint Also care must be exercised not to place the footpad partially on top of an opening or very wide crack as this may cause slippage during the next advance motion of the Dipstick If the use of swivel pads is not feasible for some reason then the operator should avoid isolated depressions by locating the test point on either side of small cracks or holes If the crack or hole is too big to avoid in this manner then most likely it should be measured as part of the surface profile and its presence noted in the comments section of the data sheet The Dipstick measurements for each wheel path should be taken continuously However if for any reason the operator has to stop measurements e g a sudden heavy storm the point where the last reading was taken must be clearly marked draw a circle around the footpad The operator may continue the Dipstick measurements later from this position after placing a comment on the data collection sheet assuming that this point is clearly identifiable on the pavement The above procedure is suggested by the manufacturer However Dipstick measurements on SHRP sections s
113. ransverse run 9 76 m 32 ft long 4 88 m up and 4 88 m back 16 ft up and 16 ft back the maximum allowable total error is 2 4 mm 0 096 in 3 3 5 Data Backup The importance of safeguarding the Dipstick data cannot be overstated Back up copies of the Dipstick data must be made without exception after completion of data collection for each 44 test section Whether the data is recorded on the forms given in Appendix VI or on electronic media copies should be made at the earliest time possible A minimum of two complete copies shall be made of all Dipstick data One copy will be transmitted by mail to the regional coordination office while the second will be retained by the operator in case the first copy is lost in the mail 3 4 Calibration 3 4 1 General Background Internal calibration of the Dipstick is fixed during manufacture and cannot be altered by the user However to ensure that the instrument is operating properly the calibration can be checked using the zero check and the calibration check described under Pre operational Checks on the Dipstick If the Dipstick fails the calibration test it should be returned to the manufacturer for repair The gage block used during the calibration check should be calibrated to an accuracy of 3 175 0 025 mm 0 125 0 001 in using a local calibration laboratory or a calibration micrometer to ensure the minimum 4 1 ratio of accuracy of gage blocks to the Dipstick The gage block should be r
114. rd DOS copy command will not recognize a O byte file LASTDISK JMB is a O byte file The user must label Sitename Date etc and number each floppy disk of 4 accurately and keep them together for future use 11 4 2 Restoring Data from a Backup Place the backup floppy disk into the appropriate drive be sure to close the gate Select Restore from the Main menu Selecting Locate archive files gt will take the user to another screen that will show the 78 archived file with the ZIP extension When done the first menu will be displayed again and lt Restore gt has to be selected to start decompressing the files When this is done lt Cancel gt will return the user to the main menu 11 5 Date Files The following data files are the minimum necessary for the profilometer software PROFSCAN PROFCHK and PROFCAL to function correctly and originate directly from the Profilometers HDR The header file C The binary file transferred from the DEC PDP 1183 computer for GPS SPS and CAL sites or C A The binary file transferred from the DEC PDP 1183 computer for WIM and CAL sites where C is an alpha character from A to L A being an indication that the data was collected in January B in February to L for December The middle character is a number from 0 to 9 0 being an indication for the year 1990 1 for 1991 2 for 1992 and 9 was used for 1989 The last character in the extension can be a number from 1 to
115. rectory will suffice This will provide blank history files in the PROF directory The installation can be started by changing the logged drive to that of the floppy disk drive assuming this drive is called B then typing INSTALL D RETURN where D is the target hard disk drive or substitute the appropriate drive letter as required The installation will then proceed to unpack the files from B to a D PROF directory on the root of the D hard disk Finish this task before proceeding I 5 Setting the DOS Environment 5 1 Path Previous versions of PROFSCAN required that the DOS environment variable PATH found in the AUTOEXEC BAT be such that the PROF directory be included In most cases this is still a necessity and it is essential that the programs provided on the distribution disk are installed to a PROF directory on the hard disk The installation will automatically do so When the PROF directory is included in the PATH the user will have the advantage of starting the program from any drive and any directory or subdirectory The option of putting the PROF directory on one drive and the data on another drive or drives also exists If this is done then the CONFIG FP file in the PROF directory should be edited to include the drive where the PROF is located to the PATH and RESOURCE lines 15 2 Files It is essential to set the FILES parameter of the CONFIG SYS to at least 30 Encountering a Too many files open error message
116. red the header file should be saved to the virtual memory and the hard disk DU3 This is done repetitively by selecting S from the menu and then selecting the appropriate drive and entering the six digit test section number at the prompt The profile data collection program has to be started to begin data collection Make sure that a SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report form see Appendix V is ready to record the DEC IRIs To start the profile data collection program press Return from the System Change Setup Menu Once these steps are completed the Profilometer device is ready to take measurements The following steps should be followed during profile measurements 1 About 2 000 ft 610 m before the test section start the profile data collection program A graphical display is then generated with the message Not Recording 2 The guidelines given in Section 2 2 3 1 regarding the operating speed should be followed The driver should attain the constant test speed at least 300 feet 91 5 m before data collection begins 3 Press the start pendant to arm the photocell after passing the lead in stripe located before the test section The message photocell alert is displayed on the monitor 4 Once the event mark is detected the display is erased and the recorded profile starts from the beginning of the grid Observe if the lost lock or saturation lights come on during the run If the photocell does not trigger when the
117. rk directory recursively Choose the floppy disk to which the data is to be archived By selecting lt Backup gt the program will then proceed to archive the dataset to the target floppy disk drive specified When the program has compressed the files it will indicate which target archive floppy drive is chosen and will ask Would you like to see a list of files on the floppy drive By saying lt No gt the backup will proceed If lt Yes gt is chosen a list of the files on that diskette will be displayed The space used and available on the disk and the option of erasing these files and resuming the backup operation will be provided If it is not desirable to erase these files make a directory or change to an already existing directory on the floppy by choosing the lt Directory gt option provided there is enough space available on the disk for backup files to be stored The files will then go to this directory The backup can also be aborted the floppy can be changed and the procedure started again The backup will contain the following three 3 files 1 Backup 2 ZIP 3 LASTDISK JMB In order to restore the data using the Restore menu all three files are necessary If multiple ZIP files are to be stored on a disk it is suggested that separate directories be used for each ZIP file At the completion of the backup the files can be copied to the directory using the DOS xcopy command or any utility software NOTE The standa
118. s as well as a both wheel path TRI which is the average of the left and right wheel path IRIS The Profscan program also generates a report of spikes present in the pavement profile There is a small difference between the IRI computed from the program in the DEC computer and Profscan due to a differences in data initialization in the computer programs 13 A minimum of five profile runs should be used with Profscan If more than five runs are available at a site the user has the option of selecting five runs to be analyzed by Profscan The profile runs at a site are accepted by the Profscan if the average IRI of the two wheel paths satisfy the following criteria 1 The IRI of three runs are within 1 of the mean IRI of the selected runs 2 The standard deviation of IRI of the selected runs are within 2 of the mean IRI If the IRI from the profile runs meet the Profscan criteria and the operator finds no other indication of errors or invalid data no further testing is needed at that site 2 2 4 3 Non Acceptance of Runs by Profscan If the runs do not meet the Profscan criteria the operator should perform the following two steps to identify if the variability is the result of equipment operator errors or pavement related 1 Review the end of run comments of the runs as well as the following factors to determine if any of these factors could have affected the data collected during the profile runs The factors to be considered are whet
119. s for use in the SHRP LTPP project Figure III 2 provides the example demonstration program listings from the World Bank report The PROFSCAN program steps for computing IRI from profilometer and dipstick measurements are provided in Figure III 3 Both programs have been checked using the example from the World Bank Report No 45 1 and the results compared favorably It should be noted however that differences have been realized when the World Bank and the programs incorporated in the PROFSCAN software are compared against the IRI produced by the Surface Dynamics software in the K J Law Profilometers The two possible explanations at the present time for the different results produced by the Surface Dynamics software when compared to the World Bank or PROFSCAN software are a Differences in the method of initializing the variables b Differences in the formulation of the vehicle simulation model and or smoothing techniques In our comparison of Surface Dynamics software with the World Bank and PROFSCAN software the major difference occurred within the first 100 ft The Surface Dynamics software generally produced larger IRI values This may be attributed to the dips or bumps of the core holes situated near the start of the test sections which would affect the running average of the profile data To summarize the procedure for calculating the IRI using the World Bank demonstration program has been adopted by a number of agencies T
120. servers and are not required to be present Task 2 Site Inspection a General pavement condition within test section limits b Identify wheel paths Task 3 Dipstick Measurements a Mark wheel paths b Operational checks on Dipstick C Obtain Dipstick measurements d Quality control Task 4 Complete the Dipstick Field Activity Report see forms in Appendix VI On arrival at the site the Dipstick operator will carefully plan the activities to be conducted at the site to insure the most efficient utilization of time While many of the activities can only be accomplished by the Dipstick operator and or recorder it will be necessary to enlist the assistance of other personnel at the site to mark the wheel paths In general arrangements for this assistance should be made in advance Assuming that a manual distress survey is also to be performed at a site traffic control at a typical GPS site should be available for about eight hours This should provide adequate time for Dipstick measurements in both the wheel paths as well as the manual distress survey to be completed As far as the Dipstick productivity rate is concerned experienced operators have been able to obtain 500 readings per hour 38 Collecting profile data is the primary responsibility of the Dipstick operator In order to ensure that the data collected in all of the SHRP s four regions is identical in format certain guidelines and standards have been established for th
121. sias des ds lai ei 60 L3 System Requirements 0 0 0 0000 cee n 61 L4 Installing the Programa 62 L5 Setting the DOS Environment 0 00 e een 62 LOL dilagante ge eni Ak Slee ee Ace A e 62 Liz DIS Squad a Gt ina bt oes GPa Bee 62 LO Setting up the Data Vries EU E ewe x 63 1 6 1 File Naming Conventions een 63 0 2 File Location y lt p a da DE Gn a 63 1 7 Starting PROFSCAN 0 0 000 000 eee ee eee 63 L5 Ihe Mam Menu uo sedi eR uo Gow eq eh EE ee ea 63 LO The Proscar Menu sa 2 5 pica a E HS SS ES da CREE 64 PAG ANA Ze ss eia e xvm e de a eS ed E ORR p DS e 65 1 230 1 SUbSsections a dh rd daa ee de Ma 65 L102 Parameters quase CREA RARA SE n or M oie be eae 65 DID 3 RI uu Acs ek ERAS ARMA A A ee a aaa ad de 67 ELE Dada massas geh sepe aa AA b 68 LIZ Repot serieta ELA S USD AAA A Da a ee 72 1 12 T SUmpmaty xe ups q ee d wed a vesc n du med dea A 72 I 12 2 SPIKE id 2E XC a gon el Oxo dir wir od RE PU boue Rod a 72 LIZ MIO cs ardeo ear SE A aca dede STO B AE OR 73 Li3 Adding NEW SPS sost a Ed RAE 73 Appendix II Manipulation of Menus Windows and Data in Profscan 15 IET MENUS ssa seis xu ec Dr Sr C e 86 aee DP DER a AE AREA 76 M2 WIDdOWS lt lt is on ii Cete e Ros i d OS AA 76 11 3 Report Destinations m he hh 77 UOL Sereni uuu ra em a ER OLE e Ph o CERE due Rs T1 SO PC ss ey eet DD St ed a ee E Op AP E 77 HSS Piet ss as beh ee Ee
122. t may be necessary to schedule a Dipstick survey of the test section 2 2 4 Number of Runs This section describes the procedures to be followed to obtain an acceptable set of profile data 2 2 4 1 IRI from DEC The DEC computer in the Profilometer vehicle records the profile data and computes the IRI of the test section The IRI of the left wheel path and the right wheel path as well as a both wheel path IRI which is the average of the left and right wheel path IRI are computed 12 During each run the DEC terminal displays the profile of the left and the right wheel paths Immediately after the run is completed the terminal displays the computed IRIs and a hard copy of the profile with the IRI values is printed Before saving the profile data the operator should enter any comments regarding the completed run that may affect the measured data These include failure to maintain correct wheel path whether saturation light or lost lock light was on passing trucks high winds and rapid acceleration or deceleration The degree of run to run variability in IRI within a section under normal operating conditions will usually depend on the roughness of the pavement On new asphalt concrete overlays or new concrete pavements variation of IRI between runs will be very small However rough pavements may cause more variability in IRI between runs If during testing the operator notes very high run to run variations of IRI between runs testing sho
123. te and accuracy greater than traditional rod and level Survey procedures for individual readings However multiple readings may contain systematic cumulative errors which may cause a shift of the true profile The body of the Dipstick houses an inclinometer pendulum LCD panels and a battery for power supply The sensor of the Dipstick is mounted in such a manner that its axis and the line passing through the contact points of the footpads are co planar The sensor becomes unbalanced as the Dipstick is pivoted from one leg to the other as it is moved down the pavement causing the display to become blank After the sensor achieves equilibrium the difference in elevation between the two points is displayed The Dipstick is equipped with a choice of hardened steel spike feet or ball and swivel footpads The swivel pads should be used on textured pavements Calibration of the Dipstick is fixed during manufacture and cannot be altered by the user Factory calibration accuracy is stated to be 0 038 mm 0 0015 in per reading The user can verify the calibration against a standard calibration block which is provided with the Dipstick 3 2 Operational Guidelines 3 2 1 General Procedures Dipstick measurements are to be taken by personnel who have been trained in using the device and are familiar with the procedures described in this manual The detailed scheduling and traffic control at test sites must be coordinated by the regional coordination offic
124. tn summary SUM INT WITH Intcntr Sumint summary SUM IRIL WITH ilril summary SUM IRIR WITH ilrir summary SUM IRIB WITH ilrib summary SUM DISP WITH iDISP ENDIF SELECT ELEVS Figure III 3 Continued 91 STORE 0 TO il iRSL iRSR iIRIL iIRIR iIRIB iDISP ilX 1 ENDIF SKIP ENDDO Update the history file IF Procal SELECT SITE LOCATE FOR CODE VAL SUBSTR header SECT NO 1 2 SELECT HISTORY IF SEEK header SECT NO STR thisrun 1 Subsectn DTOC header SVY DATE APPEND BLANK REPLACE NAME WITH site NAME SECT NO WITH header SECT NO RUN NO WITH header run no SVY DATE WITH header SVY DATE H SUBSECT WITH Subsectn SPIKE COND WITH FLG ENDIF REPLACE LEFT IRI WITH Iril RIGHT IRI WITH Irir BOTH IRI WITH Irib DISPL WITH DISP SPIKE COND WITH FLG SELECT ELEVS ELSE Determine the statistics for PROCAL calibration IF SEEK STR speed 2 Subsectn STATS SELECT stats APPEND BLANK REPLACE stats cal speed WITH speed stats cal subsec WITH Subsectn SELECT ELEVS ENDIF DIMENSION maxmin 4 2 maxmin 1 1 999 99 amp amp maxleft maxmin 2 1 999 99 amp amp maxright maxmin 3 1 999 99 amp amp minleft maxmin 4 1 999 99 amp amp minright maxmin 1 2 0 amp amp maxleft chainage maxmin 2 2 0 amp amp maxright chainage maxmin 3 2 O amp amp minleft chainage maxmin 4 2 0 amp amp minright chainage Statistics for dipstick data IF Dipin SCAN Maximum left w
125. ty for equipment maintenance and repair rests with each RCOC The decisions required for proper maintenance and repair should be based on the testing schedule and expedited as necessary to prevent disruption of testing Maintenance activities should be performed prior to mobilization for testing During a testing period there will be little time to do more than the required daily checks prior to testing Specific detailed maintenance procedure are contained in the manuals provided with each piece of equipment see References The operator must become familiar with the maintenance recommendations contained in all equipment manuals Maintenence repair work to be performed can be classified as routine maintenance preventive maintenance and unscheduled maintenance 2 5 2 Routine Maintenance Routine maintenance includes work that can be easily performed with minimal disassembly of an equipment by the operator The Daily Check List see Appendix V includes a list of maintenance activities to be performed every day These procedures include checking the fluid levels in the vehicle checking the battery cable connections checking vehicle lights and checking tire pressure which is required for accurate distance measurement These items are the most basic and easily performed maintenance measures and should always be done prior to using the equipment every day 2 5 3 Scheduled Major Preventive Maintenance Scheduled major preventive maintenance services
126. uld be used to record all data while the vehicle is in motion 2 2 2 3 Power Control The power to the computer system is routed through a power controller located at the bottom of the computer enclosure When the controller is in the remote mode no power will be supplied to the rest of the equipment unless the computer is turned on If the controller is placed in the local mode then individual components may be turned on and off 2 2 2 4 External Power Source Power should be turned off to all instruments computer and the generator before connecting to an external power source The external electrical power cord can be connected to a standard 30 amp outlet or with an adapter to a standard 15 amp outlet The power requirements are 115 volts AC at 10 amperes or 230 volts AC at 5 amperes When an external power source is used a relay will automatically switch from the generator to the external power source When operating on external power with the sensor lamps turned on 10 the battery charger should be activated to keep the 12 volt batteries charged 2 2 3 Field Operations 2 2 3 1 Operating Speed A constant vehicle speed of 50 mph 80 kmph should be maintained during a profile measurement run If the maximum constant speed attainable is less than this due to speed limits traffic congestion or safety constraints then a lower speed as close as possible to 50 mph 80 kmph should be selected If the site is relatively flat cruise c
127. uld cease and the cause of variation should be identified If the variation is due to equipment problems e g worn shroud cover the problem should be corrected If the variations are due to causes beyond the operator s control such as radar interferences or low sun angle the operator should decide how to proceed with testing For example if the sun is low the operator could wait until conditions improve and perform testing or leave the test location and test itat a later time Once the operator is confident that a minimum of five error free runs have been completed the acceptability of the profile runs has to be evaluated using the Profscan program 1 2 2 4 2 IRI from Profscan The acceptability of the runs performed by the Profilometer vehicle is evaluated using the Profscan program The user manual for Profscan is included in Appendix I Profscan runs or an IBM compatible computer and cannot be run on the DEC machine The profile data recorded in the DEC is converted to a form that can be read by an IBM compatible machine using the Kermit program The Kermit program can be called from the Main Menu see Section 2 3 4 The Profscan program should be set to the following parameter settings Spike Threshold Value 0 10 in Summary Interval 100 ft Seed 36 ft into run Y Tolerance on Mean 1 0 Tolerance of Standard Deviation 2 0 The Profscan program uses the profile data to compute IRI for the left and right wheel path
128. um tolerable standard deviation of IRI from all runs identified in the user selected runs Suggested Value 2 0 vii Mays Coefficients defines the three coefficients used in the relationship to estimate Mays Output from RMSVA at 4 and 16 ft Suggested Values 20 23 and 58 1 10 3 IRI Upon selecting IRI PROFSCAN will prompt the user for a section to be analyzed Then the IRI analysis will start and sequentially process all profilometer runs on the section that it had detected and converted to a database file It will utilize the parameter settings described under Parameters above throughout the analysis If any of the runs were already processed and the results are in the HISTORY file then the program will ask the user if it is necessary to repeat the IRI analysis If Yes is chosen it will repeat it if No is chosen it will move to the next run It is necessary to remember that the analysis is repeated if any changes are made to the data by logically deleting any runs 67 As the calculations proceed the run s header information and the IRI values in intervals as specified in the Parameters described above will be shown In addition if spike conditions are detected the user will be notified of its location on the screen as well as in the form of a report extension SPD After analyzing the final run the program will generate some statistics on the IRI values including the mean standard deviation and coefficient of variation
129. umber Profilometer Vehicle Before Operation Checks initial Time Odometer Start Travel End Travel Ready to Test Begin Testing End Testing Start Travel End Travel Down Time Hours Reasons Number of Tests IRI Reading Additional Remarks Regarding Testing ET SS A trt OD TT a a rr _ ri _ _ _ ___ Profile Crew Driver Operator Others Present list names and agencies a 117 SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report SPS SHRP Region State SPS Section Number of Sections Used in Profilometer Runs File Name Stations SHRP ID File Name Stations SHRP ID File Name Stations SHRP ID 118 Status of Regions Test Sections Comments o 2 Eu o A fot o o 5 OA Paint Marks Delineators Nearest City gt q gt a SHRP ID GPS SPS Exp Number LL LI E OI a VENANT E li da Sees i EBEN IO DRE BN iene EE VIENNE E It rptu epe Li NENNEN lo NEED DAMEN ll ae hae COLTI MENU SE o NENNEN RENE FEMME NENNEN Ecs AN IA Appendix VI Forms for Dipstick Measurements 121 MANUAL DIPSTICK DATA COLLECTION FORM Longitudinal Profile TEST SITE DIPSTICK SERIAL NUMBER WHEELPATH RECORDER STOP TIME OPERATOR START TIME ft NE 61 62 ft 2 36 37 38 39 N e oo e cn n pm en Y e o N oO Ne o m EP amp a
130. ust the start end adjusting pin up or down so that the display reads R20 Thereafter tighten the set screw and rotate the Dipstick back to the R1 reading position and read the display reading Rlo Now the addition of Rlo and R2o should be within tolerance If this sum is not within tolerance repeat the adjustment procedure until the two readings are within tolerance This zero adjustment is the only adjustment the operator is allowed to make on the Dipstick Calibration Check After the zero check and zero adjustments are performed as required the calibration of the device must be checked To check the calibration place the 3 175 mm 0 125 in calibration block under one of the Dipstick footpads The reading displayed minus 0 125 should equal the previous reading 0 003 If the answer is not within this tolerance a SHRP Major Maintenance Repair Activity Report should be completed and Face Technologies should be contacted through the RCOC to repair the Dipstick According to the manufacturer the calibration check is needed only if adjustments were required during the zero check However for SHRP related measurements both the zero check and calibration check are required at the beginning and end of data collection Records of these checks should be noted in the Zero and Calibration Check Form shown in Appendix VI 3 3 3 2 Longitudinal Profile Measurement To start profile measurements the Dipstick should be placed on a marked wheel
131. vation that is obtained is assumed to be due to operator error By dividing the accumulated error by the length of the loop survey the error per reading can be obtained The maximum error allowed is 0 076 mm 0 003 in per reading which corresponds to a total elevation difference of 76 mm 3 in for a run 305 m 1000 ft long 152 5 m up and 152 5 m back 500 ft up and 500 ft back If the allowable elevation difference is exceeded during a Dipstick measurement of a test section the section must be 43 re tested until acceptable results are obtained 3 3 4 Dipstick Operation for Transverse Profile Measurements 3 3 4 1 Operational Checks The operator should check the equipment using the procedures described above The checks would include the zero check as well as the calibration check 3 3 4 2 Transverse Profile Measurement Dipstick transverse profile measurements will be collected at intervals of 15 25 m 50 ft starting at station 0 00 Elevations for each transverse profile location will be measured from the outside edge of the pavement and should extend over the full lane width with the actual distance depending on lane width and pavement striping The starting point should be the junction of the transverse measurement line and the inside edge of the white paint stripe along the outside edge of the lane If no outside edge stripe is present then the beginning point shall be either the shoulder lane joint or a point approximately 0 9 m
132. will include much more than the routine checks These service will require some disassembly of the equipment and will require capabilities beyond the skill of the operators and RCOC staff The SHRP Major Maintenence Repair Report Form see Appendix V will be used by the operator to report the necessary services performed and will also serve to inform the RCOC of the condition of the Profilometer vehicle on a regular basis 2 5 4 Unscheduled Maintenance These are unscheduled repairs These repairs must be reported on the SHRP Major Maintenance Repair Report form as an unscheduled maintenance activity 2 5 5 Specific Repairs Adjustment Procedures 1 Non Contact Sensor Lamp Replacement E Turn off the power to the sensor lamps Le Loosen the Allen head screws 8 which hold the cylindrical sleeve 29 containing the 100 watt lamp 3 Mark the position of the adjustable block so that it will be easier to reinstall Loosen the two flat head screws holding the lamp and remove the burnt out lamp 4 Install the new lamp making sure not to touch it with the fingers 5 After tightening the lamp install the adjustable block and make sure that it is back in its original place 2 Non Contact Sensor Lamp Adjustment 1 Turn on the power 2 Hook the oscilloscope to the panel Channel 1 reference Channel 2 road di Adjust the scope to center road pulse between the two reference pulses Adjust light height and location to obtain ma
133. ximum light intensity or peak on the oscilloscope using either a smooth concrete or asphalt surface as the reference plane The peak should be about 2 3 of that obtained from the reference light source Typically reference pulses will be 12 15 volts and pavement pulses 4 6 volts The aperture on the camera lens can be used to adjust the light source up or down It is normally set one notch from fully open The final step should be to focus the light source for maximum intensity by using the focus adjustment provided on the lens 4 Calibrate the lamp using the calibration procedure outlined in Section 2 4 2 2 6 Record Keeping There are seven reports that should be forwarded to the RCOC by the Profilometer vehicle operator The seven reports that are required are as follows 30 TORO Daily Check List SHRP LTPP Major Maintenence Repair Activity Report SHRP Profilometer Maintenance Data Gasoline Profilometer Calibration Log SHRP LTPP Profilometer Field Activity Report Status of the Region s Test Sections PROFSCAN Reports 2 6 1 Daily Check List In order to maintain the Profilometer device and various associated equipment in proper operational conditions a daily check of all items covered in the Daily Check List Form see Appendix V should be performed The operator should check off each listed item as being within correct operational levels or conditions as stated in the operating manuals 2 6 2 SHRP LTPP Major Maintenence
134. y Report 31 2 6 6 Status of Region s Test Sections o o e 32 2 6 7 Profscan Reports 243 3 39 3 3089 Ed AA AO be es e dria 32 2 7 Testing SPS Test Sections cipria 6466 yt na 32 2 7 1 General Background o e nnn 32 2 7 2 Length of Test Sections o o 32 2 7 3 Operating Speed o ooo oo rrr 34 27 4 Event MARS 205 asa ds ARA AA CA EEA 34 2 7 5 Number Of RUAS 6 5 22 442 E ee Oe e dre qd 34 2 7 6 Header Generation LL 34 2 7 7 Hardcopy of the Profile lt lt n B B B B 35 2 7 8 Labeling Data Disks o RR I 35 Dipstick Measurements ee mmm 37 3 I Introduction adea ss ps oh we SEE vex ae we eC HOUR ao een ode mod mg 37 3 2 Operational Guidelines o eo ra aaa 37 3 2 1 General Procedures t ttm n 37 122 SHRP PrOCOdUTES ws zv sana Aa E A Sedi 37 3 3 Field Testo gt ene a a A HESS RA a 38 3 3 1 General Background 38 3 3 2 Site Inspection and Preparation o e nen 39 3 3 3 Dipstick Operation for Longitudinal Profile Measurements 40 3 3 4 Dipstick Operation for Transverse Profile Measurements 44 3 3 5 Data Back viscosa AR GS A Re dom 44 34 Calibration 3 2 RE e 49 Be EA RN e E gia S 45 3 4 1 General Background 45 3 4 2 Calibration Frequency 45 3 5 Equipment Maintena

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