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1. 125 kb sec 43 kb sec 85 kb sec Having set all the above properties make a recording of your voice with the Sound Recorder application Replay the recording It should sound good and clear without noise or hissing when replaying it with a normal volume level If you can barely hear yourself then there is something wrong with your sound hardware since the above tools are all Microsoft supplied there should not be a software problem Listening Singing Teacher 38 Introductory Lesson Continue after the microphone test When the microphone is working the next challenge is to sing a note It may be any note low or high but it should have a detectable pitch during a minimum sustained length The pitch should look similar to the given sample ANE listening singing teacher Introduction Singing a note Interesting Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic reviousPage NextPag Cha 3 Quit Introduction ee If the program cannot determine a pitch and the input level is high enough this program may not be suited for you Your voice may have some characteristics with which the program cannot deal In the next practice part you have to sing a low and a high note You can start with a low note and try to go higher which I think is easier or start with a high note and try go lower You can watch the ball go up and down with your voice by changing your pitch but you should sustain the pit
2. Introductory Lesson CHE listening singing teacher Introduction Making time visible In this way we get a Zigzag line Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic S Quit Introduction In the following practice session your task is to clap your hands to the given tempo Felix will count in the rhythm to four and then start walking Try to pick up the rhythm of the counting and then continue without interruption counting in the same speed To help you Felix strikes his baton every time you should clap your hands Instead of clapping you can also snap your fingers in the given rhythm On the top the zigzag line will be shown to mark the passing of the time The instant when the line bounces on the top is equivalent to the kicking of the baton of Felix Listening Singing Teacher 43 Introductory Lesson NA listening singing teacher On Beat 42 Introduction Rhythm Emphasis of sounds Okay 1 Di 2 d I de d LU L S i RK beat papiy 29 KEAN PON KAE Oe Pen aD WEEE Navigation ERINE ELODIE oieceseserm ern Quit Introduction Quit When you clap or snap your fingers at the right time the maximum amplitude gets marked green If you have a lot of environmental noise you have to drag the slider Input volume in the Sound System Preferences to the left so that there is no or only little noise visible between the claps how to get to t
3. Sinus The frequencies are played as perfect sinus waves gt Assistant Click With the assistant click you tell the program which beat sounds it you want it to play during the demonstration part of an exercise No Clicks No sound will be played Beat Clicks Every beat a click sound will be heard Half Beat Clicks Every half of a beat a click sound will be heard Quarter Beat Clicks every quarter of a beat a sound will be heard Rhythm Clicks When a note starts a click will be heard If no note starts at a beat a softer click will be played Rhythm Click Voice The same as Rhythm clicks but instead of clicks the counting of the rhythm will be spoken This simplifies the learning of counting gt Rhythm Kick Listening Singing Teacher 49 Exercise Options This toggle button allows you to turn on and off the kicking of the baton of Felix The kicking of the baton is a visual help for beginners in rhythm exercises gt Blind Exercise As the name implies in a blind exercise no notes are displayed You have to play the piece by heart gt Wait Till Hit This feature is very useful if are a beginner and have difficulties to match a certain pitch Since you can follow the pitch progression on the screen you can correct the pitch until you hit the note gt Repeat Part on Miss Every exercise 1s subdivided into one ore more parts Usually a part is three or four notes But it also can be only one note as in the first exercise
4. Ear training summary As you can see the difficulty levels do not change much from level to level You probably even think the next level is the same as the one you just practiced Indeed it is so easy The ear training exercises cover level 4 to level 7 in the above explanations For each halfstep 1 to 12 there are the following exercises Level 4 You hear the starting note and must sing the interval Interval no of semitones up Interval no of semitones down Level 5 You hear the ending note and must sing the interval Interval no of semitones up Interval no of semitones down Level 6 You hear and see the reference note La A and must sing the interval Interval no of semitones going up or down Level 7 You hear and see an arbitrary reference note and must sing the interval Interval no of semitone going up or down Exercises for level 8 and 9 you can do with lesson 2 or any other lesson For level 8 just set Note assitance to noNote For level 9 in the Display options deselect Pitch progression during the exercise in replay mode set Pitch progression again to see the pitch curve you produced Iportant Even so it is called ear training you have to sing Take the last described level 9 On a piano it would be easy to spot the middle C and then play all the white keys to get a perfect performance However clicking some notes on an instrument does not train your ear the same way as pr
5. Scale one note at a time This toggle button forces you to repeat a part if you did not match the demands The repetition includes the demonstration if a note assistance was chosen This feature is particular useful if you have problems with a special part of a piece The program will repeat the part until you have mastered it gt Count Off Offers you five possibilities No count Off The exercise starts without a rhythm count off Count Off On Felix will push the ball and count till the exercise starts With First Note This is the same as Count Off On In addition to the counting the first note of the piece will be played during the count off With Reference Note This is the same as Count Off On In addition to the counting a fixed predefined note usually the note a will be played during the count off With Random Reference Note This is the same as Count Off On In addition to the counting a random note will be played during the count off This allows you to guess the note If you have chosen Note Assistance with Random Reference Note the randomly played note will be displayed before the exercise starts and you can compare the note to with your guess gt Adjust Tempo This option lets you play the exercise faster or slower The number means how many beats per minute are played Thus higher numbers play the exercise faster Tempi of more than 120 are not recommended gt Transpose This field allows you to adjust the pi
6. Shortcut to LIStEningSin Uninstalling Listening Singing Teacher In the Finder click on Applications and drag the Icon for Listening Singing Teacher to the Trash Listening Singing Teacher 18 Installation Quicktime This software uses QuickTime from Apple Computer Inc On Macintosh computers this software is pre installed On Windows computers QuickTime is not installed by default If you have installed Quicktime or 1Tunes for some other reasons you do not have to install QuickTime again However it is a good practice to have the newest release You need Windows XP with Service Pack 2 or Windows Vista to be able to install QuickTime In the Internet Browser enter http www apple com quicktime download You should be presented with a page like this e Apple QuickTime Download Windows Internet Explorer Seles e T https apple com quicktime download wr File Edit view Favorites Tools Help Si w d Apple QuickTime Download d Ed v Page O Tools A Store iPod iTunes iPhone Support Q QuickTime 7 QuickTime Guide Why QuickTime Upgrade to QuickTime 7 Pro QuickTime Player oe SE E La QuickTime 7 6 4 with iTunes for 29 99 QuickTime Pro for Windows XP or Vista MPEG 2 Playback The perfect companion for your Windows PC QuickTime 7 Pr from a video watcher to a video maker Harness the power of everything from creating podcasts to transcoding mediainn formats All for jus Si
7. to continue Clicking Exit will leave the program in its current state and ask you again for the name when started Listening Singing Teacher 22 User Selection Select User In order to collect statistics for a particular user the program must know with which user you want to work Therefore please select the user from the list displayed listening singing teacher Listening Singing Teacher User Management Ckick your Name from the list or add a new user User Name Tessitura Delete Tilo l Zz Si est Get cal IS m f E Wu ID Fx d User H AL d Admin Password Activate needed for delete Users thari te 7 Autho 2 Registration Serial Number ste from clipBoard Trial Version ctivate 1i Ste Das ke k AN E S a Buy Serial Number and Activation Key Toto S hon H Control Quit Program Make your Choice Select a User or Add a new User Click a user from the list to start the lessons Iw or click in the New User Field to add a new User li If you are not on the list you may add your name to the list by clicking in the New User field and typing your name Select a tessitura see next paragraph and click Add Your name should now appear and you can select it To adjust the exercises to the users pitch the user must select a pitch range a so called tessitura High means soprano medium means baritone and low means bass You can change the tessitura anytime b
8. C Program Files AlgorithmsAndDatastructures ListeningSingingTeacher Listening Singing Teacher 12 Installation i Liste ningSinging leacher Select Installation Folder The installer will install ListeningSingingT eacher to the following folder To install in this folder click Mea To install to a different folder enter it below or click Browse Folder C Program Files Algorithms4ndD atastructures ListeningS ingingT eac Install ListeningSingingT eacher for yourself or for anyone who uses this computer Everyone Just me Choose your folder location and click Everyone so that persons with a separate login on your computer also can run the game The confirmation Window appears Listening Singing Teacher 13 Installation iy ListeningSinging Teacher Confirm Installation The installer is ready to install ListeningSingingT eacher on your computer Click Nest to start the installation Click Next to start the actual Installation Listening Singing Teacher 14 Installation ier ListeningSinging eacher Installing ListeningSinging I eacher ListeningSingingT eacher is being installed Please wait Listening Singing Teacher uses OpenAL for sound ListeningSingingTeacher needs OpenAL click ok to read the license file Click Ok and you will be presented with the OpenAL License Agreement Listening Singing Teacher 15 Installation OpenAL I
9. but the reference note is in the C Key If you ask for a fixed reference note then the next and last entry specifies the pitch of the reference note In the sample file the reference note is defined to be the note a 440 Hz Table for Note Mapping in the ExerciseParts file Note Solfege Midi Note Name Octave ABC Notation Syllable Note Mapping Number Frequence e 6 e Mi 55 88 1318 51023 dis or es 6 d or e Ri or Me 54 87 1244 50793 d 6 d Re 53 86 1174 65907 cis or des 6 ZC or _d Di or Ra 52 85 1108 73052 S 6 C Do 51 84 1046 50226 Listening Singing Teacher 109 Make Your Own Exercise b 5 b Ti 50 83 987 76660 ais or bes 5 a or D Lior Te 49 82 932 32752 a 5 a La 48 81 880 00000 gis or as 5 g or og Si or Le 47 80 830 60940 g 5 g So 46 79 783 99087 fis or ges 5 for_g Fi or Se 45 78 739 98885 f 5 f Fa 44 77 698 45646 e 5 e Mi 43 76 659 25511 dis or es 5 dor_e Ri or Me 42 75 622 25397 d 5 d Re 41 74 587 32954 cis or des 5 c or d Di or Ra 40 73 554 36526 C 5 C Do 39 72 523 25113 b 4 gt B Ti 38 71 493 88330 ais or bes 4 A or_B Li or Te 37 70 466 16376 a 4 A La 36 69 440 00000 gis or as 4 Gor_A Si or Le 35 68 415 30470 g 4 G So 34 67 391 99544 fis or ges 4 F or CG Fi or Se 33 66 369 99442 f 4 F Fa 32 65 349 22823 e 4 E Mi 31 64 329 62756 dis or es 4 D or E Ri or Me 30 63 311 12698 d 4 D Re 29 62 293 66477 cis or des 4 ACORD Di or Ra 28 61 277 18263 C 4 C Do 27 60 261 62557 b 3 B Ti 26 59 246 94165 ais or bes
10. e Internet Si My Documents Internet Explorer Or k ng eau E mail 7 Ral A Gel Outlook Express e d oo My Music GIP Microsoft visual Qudio 2000 r My Computer Shortcut bo E Control Pane LisbennaSinoragTeacher exe Set Program Access and gs visual Studio 2008 Command Det za gt Prompt O Help and Support od Search F Run furn OFF Computer In the Control Panel Click Sounds and Audio Devices Listening Singing Teacher 30 Introductory Lesson EF Control Panel wer gt lt D 4 a DA Accessiblity Add Hardware Add or Administrative Date and Time gep ete Se a aa Folder Options Forts ci Keyboard Poe OS See Also dh Windows Update i gt eo Las Network Network Setup Noe ad gi Power Options Printers and Connections Wizard ij Faxes ge a pO prety e Scanners and Ken Security Sounds and Cameras Center Audio Devices A E amp e ystem Taskbar and User Accounts Windows Windows Start Menu CardSpace Firewall _ Sp The Devide Property Windows appears Listening Singing Teacher 31 Introductory Lesson sounds and Audio Devices Properties Volume Sounds Hardware Intel r Integrated udio Gil i Integ Device volume vi Mute v Place volume icon in the taskbar Speaker settings Use the settings below to change individual speaker volume and other settings Speaker Volume Select the Audio Tab Listening Singing Teacher 32 Int
11. lt Show All Q Sound Effects Output Inpwt Choose a device for sound input Name Port Line In Audio line in port Digital In Optical digital in port iMic USB audio system USB Settings for the selected device Input level esaseeeennnnnar EE ees as Input volume g v D sx Output volume ag rn ell _ Mute Vv Show volume in menu bar Verify that you have the correct sound input device selected Depending on your hardware this may be different than here Check that the volume slider is in an appropriate position The input level should vary between zero and the maximum when you speak normally If you observe a continuous high level you should drag the slider Input volume to the left If you cannot reach the maximum easily you should drag the slider to the right If the slider is already on the left and you do not get adequate signal strength your microphone is probably not suited for this computer or input device Expensive microphones tend to require special preamplifiers Check your manuals for the microphone and the input requirements of your computer device Never plug a loudspeaker outlet or other amplified outlet into a microphone input since this may destroy the involved devices Listening Singing Teacher 29 Introductory Lesson Problem Solving Windows If you do not get something displayed on the scope then check with the control panel Click Start and Control Panel
12. which come with a different license agreement Listening Singing Teacher 129
13. 3 A or _B Li or Te 25 58 233 08188 a 3 A La 24 57 220 00000 gis or as 3 G or A Si or Le 23 56 207 65235 g 3 G So 22 55 195 99772 fis or ges 3 aN OF G Fi or Se 21 54 184 99721 f 3 E Fa 20 53 174 61412 e 3 E Mi 19 52 164 81378 dis or es 3 D or _E Ri or Me 18 51 155 56349 d 3 D Re 17 50 146 83238 cis or des 3 Cor D Di or Ra 16 49 138 59132 C 3 or Do 15 48 130 81278 b 2 i By Ti 14 47 123 47083 ais or bes 2 A or _B Li or Te 13 46 116 54094 a 2 A La 12 45 110 00000 gis or as 2 G or_A Si or Le 11 44 103 82617 g 2 e So 10 43 97 99886 fis or ges 2 Fy Oh 2G Fi or Se 9 42 92 49861 f 2 a Fa 8 41 87 30706 e 2 E Mi 7 40 82 40689 dis or es 2 A Da OF cup Ri or Me 6 39 77 78175 d 2 D Re 5 38 73 41619 cis or des 2 C5 OF Diy Di or Ra 4 37 69 29566 C 2 Gio Do 3 36 65 40639 b 1 P Ti 2 35 61 73541 ais or bes 1 A or _B Li or Te 1 34 58 27047 a 1 Ai La 0 33 55 00000 Listening Singing Teacher 110 Make Your Own Exercise The frequency for an equal temperament note gets calculated as f 2 x 440 Hz Where n is the distance in half steps from the reference note A 440 Hz Notes above A have a positive n notes below A get a negative n in this formula There are 12 half steps in an octave The growth factor of a half step is approximately 1 059 as we have seen in our theoretical part of the lesson Up and down in Halfsteps The exact number for the factor 1s twelfths root of 2
14. A simulated oscilloscope will show the waveform received from the microphone Listening Singing Teacher 26 Introductory Lesson ANE listening singing teacher introduction Welcome Like here in this snapshot Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic Quit Introduction You have to make some loud enough noise so that the program can continue If you do not get an adequate level read the following problem solving sections Otherwise you can skip the next paragraph and go directly to Continue after the microphone test Listening Singing Teacher 27 Introductory Lesson Problem solving Macintosh If you do not get something displayed on the scope then check with the system preferences In the Dock click the System Preferences System Preferences In the appearing System Preferences Pane click Sound O 00O System Preferences SSC a ON BR RB A e Q Appearance Dashboard amp Desktop amp Dock international Security Spotlight Expose Screen Saver Hardware m m 0 mm A CDs amp DVDs Displays Energy Keyboard amp Print amp Fax Sound Saver Mouse Internet amp Network Q Mac Network QuickTime System H Accounts Classic Date amp Time Software Speech Startup Disk Universal Update Access Other v4 Version Cue CS2 On the sound dialog box click Input Listening Singing Teacher 28 Introductory Lesson Sound
15. Both half and hut start with an h The whole rest is below the line The dot notation which prolongs the note by half of its duration is also applicable to rest In music notation the rests have fixed locations Listening Singing Teacher puts the rest on the height of the last note This makes it easier to see the rest since it is in the flow of the other notes Silent night Well known Christmas song This song has a time signature of 6 8 Why not 3 4 The measure in both cases is three quarters long anyway However the traditional practice is that musicians often count 6 8 different Especially if the tempo is fast instead of counting to six they only count to two This would be then equivalent to a time signature of 2 dotted quarter note But there is no time signature with a dotted quarter note in the denominator You could write the time signature as 2 4 and then use triplets see later and get the same effect However writing the whole piece with triplets does not make it easy to read Therefore the musicians compromised and misuse the time signature of 6 8 to mean 2 4 with triplets When you look at the piece you also see that there are only two guitar chords per measure Which reflect the idea that the beat is really a dotted quarter note or a time signature of 2 4 with triplets Usually the counting is done like triplets but instead of one trip let it is counted like this one and a two and a on
16. Go to Shop and follow the instructions Listening Singing Teacher 106 Make Your Own Exercise Make your Own Exercise The easiest way to make an own exercise is to make the exercise with a MIDI editor and then import the MIDI file to one of your favorite lessons Another possibility is to make your own exercises with a text editor This chapter describes the formats behind the files that are used with Listening Singing Teacher That is you can make pitch exercises rhythm exercises loudness exercises and song exercises This allows you to practice a particular piece of music you like However there are many limitations you have to be aware of The limitations are pointed out in the paragraphs below To edit an exercise except the first three lessons right click the application icon and choose Show Package Contents In the new window navigate to Contents and Resources and then double click on the desired lesson folder The last exercise folder is called OwnExercise and contains an empty accompaniment midi file and an empty SampleSound file To edit abc music notation files you can use the TextEdit MS Word or a third party program that displays abc notation e g Harmony Assistant To edit midi files use you can also use Harmony Assistant To record sample sounds you can use Audacity which allows you to export the recording in the ogg format When you make changes to individual files
17. New User Field to add a new User Tyree The fields in the registration frame have the following meanings gt SerialNumber Here you can enter a serial number manually Normally you do not have to enter a number here since during the ordering process the serial number will be entered automatically In the case of a reinstallation you must enter the serial number again We recommend that you paste the serial number from the order confirmation mail with the button labeled Paste gt Update This button reads either Activate or Deactivate When the product is not registered you have to go through an activation process by entering the serial number and then press Activate The activation process needs an active Internet connection If the Button reads Deactivate the product is registered Deactivation may allow you to transfer the program to another computer However there is no warranty implied that this process may function see license terms gt Paste from ClipBoard Listening Singing Teacher 105 Registration This button allows you to paste the serial number from the clipboard You must first mark and copy the serial number in the mail then come back here to paste the serial number You still have to activate the serial number by pressing Activate see before gt Go to Shop If you use the product more than 10 hours you must buy the product or delete it To further use the product click on
18. accentuating an offbeat note Usually the notes in 4 4 rhythm are accentuated as follows one two three four one two three four The underlined fat counts are stronger than the fat counts and these are stronger than the normal written counts The notes in a 3 4 rhythm emphasize the One one two three one two three In modern beat the accompaniment uses a different accentuation rhythm one two three four one two three four This effect can of course also be used in the lead voice to stress a different mood Everything is allowed in music as long as it sounds good to you and it portrays what you want But keep in mind that other people may based on their experience interpret or understand things differently This is a well known folk rock from south America In this exercise you do not have to sing or Listening Singing Teacher 8l Statistics clap this is a loudness exercise You have to emphasize the notes in the right way syncopated Ze f DU D D G G A A A A AP A AP De i D D D G G Az e TE E SES St TK LLC LS E Cescl t yk KK Leg A Na g ERDIRA Although the first four eighth notes could be written as a half note they are purposely not Your task is to emphasize the first eighth note and then lower your voice to get the typical rhythm of this beat The last eighth note of the first measure gets also emphasized and holds over the bar into the next measure however only the last eighth note in the p
19. audio device not supported Macintosh 117 Microphone Input level too low distortion or audio device not supported Windows 118 license AOTC CME gesuegt Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert E E E E acess E E haan et anette Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert EE Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert RESUI CHONG ee EE Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert CD DOV E Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert EE eeben Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert Ee Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert Limitation of lability cc ccccccecccccseecceeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeees Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert PS CEO VG ye cette ove rhe hs hace eee hee er te Se wa a Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert Privacy Polen Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert Controlling law and severability cc eccccceeeccceeeseeeaeeees Fehler Textmarke nicht definiert Listening Singing Teacher 3 Welcome Welcome to Listening Singing Teacher LST Listening Singing Teacher is a software with a simple visual approach to understanding music Mastering music starts in the head There is no thing nearer to your brain than your ears and your mouth The mouth and each ear are even interconnected by an internal tube the trumpet That is why Listening Singing Teacher uses your voice as an instrument The program listens to you evaluates your achievements and gives you visual feedback on where you stand Listening Singing Teacher allows you to proceed at your own pace Listening
20. be aware that the key and the tempo should be in harmony with the other files To run an exercise the program needs five files ABC Notes txt ABC Chords txt ExerciseParts txt Accompaniment mid SampleSound wav In addition an extra wave file may be present WaveAccompaniment wav The text files are plain ASCII files do not save them as word documents leave them unformatted when changing The easiest way to start experimenting is to copy the files in the OwnExercise folder try to understand what they do and then make changes to the files A short description of the file contents follows ABC Notes txt The first file contains the notes in ABC notation For detailed information about abc files search the web for music notation abc Unfortunately the program does not understand the full set and possibilities of the abc notation The program is limited to only one voice minimum note length is a sixteenth note key signature and time signature are limited to the most often used change of Listening Singing Teacher 107 Make Your Own Exercise tempo or key in the middle of a piece are not allowed all repetition marks are ignored and depicted as a single bar and other limitations may exist ABC Chords txt The ABC Chords txt file may be an empty ABC placeholder If you want to use it it has the same limitations as the ABC Notes txt file In addition to get the Chords aligned to the notes the bars must be placed th
21. correctly choose the option Repeat Part on Miss This option will present the same two notes again until you have managed to get them right Randomly up one note In this lesson we go slowly up the scale with random notes By randomizing the notes the notes not always go up sometimes they go down By keeping the notes in a small interval the mechanical producing of the pitch should be easier to accomplish This gives you the confidence to hit a pitch when it is not in an up going pattern Slowly means we go along the scale for three notes then those three notes are presented in random order two times After that we follow the scale again but this time we start the three note series with one note higher We do this until we have reached the highest note of the scale Listening Singing Teacher 58 Statistics Tempo Markings Tempo Markings is again an animated lesson to make you familiar with tempo A steady beat alone is pretty boring However if a steady beat comes out of nothing it will get our attention After a while we will ignore the steady beat again Ce d listening singing teacher GE KKK This gets very fast boring so that we are ignoring the drops e y SA Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic i Quit Introduction 6 However if for example the rain gets stronger the beat of the falling drops will increase and we will realize the falling drops again In this way cha
22. different so an earlier situation may be going from a relaxed neck to a certain level of tension By mentally going through that experience you may feel a slight sound which you then amplify in your head until you feel ready to produce the sound With Listening Singing Teacher you have an external reference So when you are sure that what you produced was what you wanted and Listening Singing Teacher shows you a different pitch then it gets easy you must have recalled the wrong pitch Otherwise 1f you feel that what you produced was not what you wanted you have identified a mistake in your producing act Do not try a lot of different sounds at a time start with one or two pitches with which you feel comfortable If you can hit a pitch within a certain limit e g you are always within plus minus a half note away your are on the way to your goal From one or two pitches it is for most people pretty easy to construct other notes in the beginning not perfect but making progress over time The ability to know how to produce a pitch enhances your skill to recognize a pitch By Listening Singing Teacher 113 Tips on how to learn to sing producing the pitch with your inner mental ear you can compare the pitch with the real sound that you hear Be patient Practicing a lot will give you the perfect ear Use the possibility to hear a reference note before you start singing This promotes the inner hearing of intervals At the same time you may
23. on the ends and otherwise has the freedom to move freely Listening Singing Teacher 70 Statistics 4 S b d string swinging if we take a string which has two thirds of the original it will swing with three times with double the frequency of a string which has only one third of the of the fundamental original string length Note if we take one third of the original length the sting is shorter than only half the length which means the frequency will be above the higher Do But if we take two thirds the frequency will fall in between the low and high Do Lets make an example 4 4 Le Le 4 d S d d d d d d Length 1 1 Freq 220 Hz Length 2 3 Freq 330 Hz Length 1 2 Freq 440 Hz lower La Mr La For this example we take the La because this is the reference note which is used in our western music The La was defined to have a frequency of 440 Hz In this way the lower La has a frequency of half of 440 that is 220 Hz A string at a third of the length would vibrate three times as fast as the whole string with its fundamental of 220 Hz that is 3 220 660 Hz This is of course higher than higher La of 440 Hz But doubling this string with a length of a third of the original length gives as two thirds of the whole string And since this is double the length of a third we know that the string would vibrate with half the frequency that is 660 2 330 Hz Which f
24. or arpeggiated chord in contrast to the harmonic chord where the notes are played simultaneously But why bother about chords if we cannot sing more than one note at a time Because chords give us the fundamental feeling for music styles Add ons or later versions of Listening Singing Teacher might teach chords chord inversion and chord progression Listening Singing Teacher 89 Statistics Where to go from here Because the possibilities are endless the program contains the possibility to create your own exercises You can write pentatonic scales arpeggiated chord exercises or whole songs However the tools are limited and must be used carefully The possibility to make your own exercise 1s described in a separate chapter making your own Exercise towards the end Listening Singing Teacher 90 Statistics Ear Training Intervals Remember the exercise Always start from Do Ug z rr sO ee L ee oo O amp lt amp NN es ss Qs Do Do Unison Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Octave The second interval that goes from Do to Re or C to D a is called a Second This is because it includes a note on a line and a note on a space One and one makes two Now let us look at a the Second which starts from Mi or E and goes to the Fa or F This is also a Second since it contains also a line and a space D GE NM RA Interval Name Second Abbreviation m2 Halfsteps
25. probably not work with the standard configuration But usually more RAM and a fast SSD disk 1s the better solution Recognition problems tend to be more dependent on the microphone and the input device settings than the processor speed Text Display With this drop down menu you can display additional information to each note the so called Half Step Change Hints Line or Notation Hints Line Lyrics No additional text is displayed PitchNotation Displays the scientific notename e g A4 Solfege Displays the absolute solfege syllables e g Do Re Mi Degrees Displays the degree number of a note e g 1 2 Rel solfege Displays the relative solfege syllables e g Do Re HaltStepChanges Displays the change to the previous note e g 2 Below you can set a few sound options gt SongPart Voice The song part voice will play along with you during the exercise and thus lets you hear where your pitch should be The choices are Mute No sound will be played Flute The notes are played on a flute Male The notes are sung as solfege syllables Do Re Mi Female Not available yet Sinus The frequencies are played as perfect sinus waves Play GuitarChords To make the exercises more fun you can play guitar chords along the exercise You should wear headphones so the program does not get confused when it picks up the playing of the chords Otherwise pitch recognition may deter
26. raised by half a note thus sung as a F1 If the key signature contains flats then the notes get lowered by a half step In the real solfege world the lowered T1 would be lowered toa Te La to a Le So to a Se M1 to a Me and Re to a Ra However Listening Singing Teacher does not yet support those syllables In a tempered scale Li and Te are identical in pitch so from a pitch view it does not matter but for a deep musical understanding it would be better to sing the lowered syllables Even so you do not see the accidentals in front of the notes the red dot will guide you to the right pitch In real music notation you will not find any red dot you always have to be aware in which key the music is written This makes sense since the theory behind harmonics is based on scales and key s Go back to the lesson half steps singing in another key means nothing else than that the string which is used to build the scale has a different length and thus has a different fundamental Listening Singing Teacher 80 Statistics Syncopation Up to now we have tried to stay in sync with the beat Modern music like the beat emphasizes the offbeat Emphasizing can be done by omission Instead of having a loud sound you have no sound or at least no sound starting when you normally expect one Until now we started a sound when the beat was due the number counting Sometim
27. sing your favorite song See how well you perform and have fun improving your pitch hit score with one of your favorite songs To be able to do this you have to find a MIDI File of your favorite song Midi stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and is a protocol to enable electronic musical instruments to play notes according to the MIDI commands contained in a file imagine the file as a punched ribbon which gets used in music automatons as you can see them in museums The advantage of having the notes digitally in a file which adheres to a defined protocol is that you can do all kinds of manipulation to the content For example you can change the speed with which the notes should be played or shift all notes up or down Or you can even change the instrument with which a certain channel should be played that 1s you can say the melody should be played on a trumpet or on a flute or whatever you like On the Internet there are many MIDI files available some are free others you can order Some MIDI Files contain lyrics these files often end with the extension kar for Karaoke instead of mid for MIDI If you have downloaded a MIDI file you can import the file as an exercise teache Assign a Favorite Song to a Favorite Lesson Enter the full Path of the Midi or Karaoke File Then Select to which Favorite Lesson you want to assign this Midi File select the exerciseType and click Import Midi FileName Browse
28. teacher will sing along with you and you can easier adapt to the pitch In this case you should wear a headset so that the microphone does not pick up the teacher s voice Remember that when you use these additional help options the score will not be recorded in the Listening Singing Teacher a7 Statistics score table Do not worry at the beginning take all the help you can get to make progress When you feel comfortable enough you can redo the exercise without any option changes and get into the hall of fame Also make it a habit to rehear your performance This is especially useful when you get better and want to perfect your ear and voice Pressing the button Quit will bring you back to the lessons choice dialog Scale Sing after me This is the same exercise as the first one The teacher first sings the note and then it is your turn to repeat the note But this time the notes will not wait for you You make points by matching the pitch you sing with the height of the red dot of the note The longer you sing in tune with the notes the more points you get Scale two notes at a time This is also a pitch warm up exercise In this lesson we go a scale upwards two notes at a time The teacher will sing two notes then it is your turn to repeat the notes This exercise forces you to listen and remember the notes in your head before you start producing them from your inner ear If you have difficulties singing two notes
29. the middle of the note and gives you a hint at which level your pitch has to be If you raise the note M1 then you get the note Fa because the note M1 and Fa are only a half step apart In this case the red dot will be above the note the red dot is where the Fa has the middle point Note that the notes L1 and S1 have the red dot not in the middle but raised and lowered A raised So becomes a Si and has the same value as the lowerd La Also realize that the raised M1 has the dot at the same place as the Fa at the end In this exercise you will simply go up and down the scale in half steps Until now we have used only notes which correspond to white keys on the piano Now you will sing all the notes including the black keys which represent the newly introduced notes DiR Fi Sai MR FiS Li DR Fi SLi DR Fi Si Li VT Mi Fa Ti Do Mi Fa Ti Do Mi Fa Ti Do Mi Fa Ti Do A glimpse at the piano also reveals us why there is no black key between M1 and Fa and between T1 and the high Do these notes are already only a half step apart therefore there is no room for a black key Or otherwise we would introduce quarter steps which are not really used in western music However the voice is a continuous instrument that allows us to sing all pitches between the notes Thus this can be used for special effects but keep in mind that the twelve prevailing natur
30. the pitch progression line If the line is yellow the pitch is too high violet means too low and green okay Still belonging to the main window are the lyrics In this case there are only solfege syllables Do Re Mi Below the lyrics is the counting hint line Counts which do not get counted loud are depicted with a softer color no sample of a softer count shown on this screenshot Further down are the parts bars The current part starts right after the orange bar ends The part is finished when the olive bar starts In this example we are going up in three s hence three notes are played in a part before the next part starts This means that you can listen to the three notes before you have to sing the three notes And last but not least you see Felix striking the baton if a new note is due Also shown 1s a long line from the bottom to the zigzag line which walks along with Felix This makes it easier to see on which lyric you are On the bottom is the wave depicted from the scope In the navigation frame you have the possibility to quit the exercise In case you have chosen the option Wait Till Hit there is an additional button labeled Skip which allows you to continue to the next note without matching the note Overview of Lessons Exercises Introduction The introductory lesson is explained at the beginning in a separate chapter It gives you an overview on how the program works Catch the note This is a warm
31. to sing producing the sound you must listen and compare the produced pitch with the desired pitch If they deviate you must adjust your singing You also have to keep in pace with the rhythm Therefore for learning it is best not to do other activities in parallel You may prefer to drive with your car to a silent undisturbed place for practicing with a laptop but do not sing during the drive because driving needs all your attention and has priority Making dictation exercises Every exercise can be made a dictation exercise by choosing the option Blind Exercise and from the NoteAssistance Menu choose WholePart This will play the notes but you do not see them on the staff You then have to repeat them from your memory In the replay mode deactivate Blind Exercise to see the notes This is especially challenging if you download an arbitrary MIDI File and then try to figure out the notes Listening Singing Teacher 115 FAQ FAQ What do I get for the payment Payment permits continued use of this version of the installed software on the computer the software was installed and access to all lessons There 1s no warranty on the software The tracking down of errors on other machines than ours is far too complicated If you discover a software fault please notify us In short by paying you are allowed to use the program as it is as long as the program works e g operating system changes may make the program unu
32. to the extent that such information is necessary to install and execute a modified version of the Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version If you use option 4d0 the Installation Information must accompany the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application Code If you use option 4dl you must provide the Installation Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL Listening Singing Teacher 125 License Agreement for conveying Corresponding Source 5 Combined Libraries You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a Single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice if you do both of the following a Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library uncombined with any other library facilities conveyed under the terms of this License b Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work 6 Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be sim
33. up pitch exercise In this Lesson we go a scale upwards note by note It also introduces you to the solfege system In the eleventh century Guido of Arezzo developed a system which assigned names to notes Two of the note name were ol and Fa they gave the system the name solfege from the Italian solfeggio The solfege system uses solmization Listening Singing Teacher 56 Statistics syllables Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do for the notes In ascending order they are pronounced as Do Doh__ Thestrongtone Do Doh_ ThehighDo Solfege uses the voice to produce the sounds The solfege syllables help you to associate a pitch to a syllable To sing with syllables in the correct pitch develops the basic skill of singing This is essential to developing the ability to sing in the head By repeatedly producing and hearing the same syllable with the same pitch the inner hearing and the ability to mechanically produce the same sound again and again enhances the feeling for the notes By learning a scale you get the feeling for what sounds fit in a particular harmony or music system Listening Singing Teacher does only support the fixed Do Doh where the Do is fix assigned to the pitch C In relative Do the pitch is assigned to the starting note of a scale Relative Do may be confusing in the beginning since Do may be assigned to different pitches But to get the whole picture of music theo
34. you need Of course there is a small drawback By changing the options your score will not go into the hall of fame since you made the exercise easier In the beginning when you are learning be not ashamed to use for example the Wait Till Hit option or to slow down an exercise Once you have mastered the exercise you can use the standard values again If the exercise is too easy fore you you may increase for example the desired pitch precision or the tempo The score will be shown as usual but despite the increase of the difficulty your score will not be entered m the score table However it may be challenging for you to beat yourself with other option settings The options will be explained in the following paragraphs listening singing teacher Exercise Title Lessont Exercise Type NoteOk iil ok Display Options 3 Exercise Listen to Exercise iSt PRECHEBMOSPESE TON ENN See Xx Display Info Info _ Pitch with AmplitudeEnvelope Amplitude Progression la TE Eu e Dal Exercise Options Counting Hints Note Assistance Assistance Voice Assistance Click Rhythm Kick pland Exercice Sound Options Wait till Hit gt SongPart Voice Repeat Part on Miss Play GuitarChords Countorf NoCountOFf BeatClicks Adjust Tempo 5 Play Accompaignment Transpose Pitch Sensitivity Beat Accuracy Control Start Exercise Quit the program Change Lesson S Choose the options with which you want to do the e
35. you try to Feedback you What you learn on the staff accomplish oct Sing the scale The pitches you How good your inner from your inner produced ear lets you produce ear the notes You are on your own However since you can now hit any note from any reference note the only thing you have to figure out 1s what is my inner reference note Listening Singing Teacher helps you by giving you statistics Now it is time to have a closer look at the stats to find your inner reference tones Difficulty level 9 What you see What you hear What you try to Feedback you keim you learn on the staff accomplish oct A whole scale No notes Sing the scale No feedback How good your inner from your inner during the ear lets you produce ear performance the notes only the replay will show you the pitches Listening Singing Teacher 97 Statistics The whole scale without immediate pitch feedback shows you tendencies to drift from the target note In the previous exercise you could still see where your pitch was and therefore correct the note respectively the next note In this exercise you probably recognize that some notes you hit very precisely and others you are always too low or too high If you have one or more correct anchor points you can start your way with relative pitch training to get the remaining notes correct Of course you can also instruct your inner ear or voice to adjust the wrong pitches towards the correct note directly
36. Accompaniment mid This midi file is necessary to be able to listen to an accompaniment Important the midi file must have the same tempo and key as the ABC Notes txt file Otherwise it will not be in sync with the notes For your convenience an empty midi file EmptyMidiFile mid is included If you do not supply a suitable midi file yourself you must copy and rename this file to accompaniment mid SampleSound wav This file must be present if you choose to play the sound sample by pressing listen to Exercise in the options dialog An empty file EmptySoundWav wav is included here If no sample recording will be made then this file should be copied and renamed to SampleSound wav WaveAccompaniment wav This file allows you to give use any wav file as an accompaniment file If this file is present then this file will be used instead of the midi file However if you do tempo changes or transpose the melody this will not be reflected with this file In addition the start of the hearable sound must start right at the beginning Songs which have tempo changes will not work correctly since a steady beat is assumed Listening Singing Teacher 111 Tips on how to learn to sing Tips on How to Learn to Sing with Listening Singing Teacher Posture In general staying when speaking or singing 1s the preferred posture of the body Staying allows the belly and the breast to move freely An upright position with the head not leaning forward or
37. Mare ONG ra tetera tare sata E evan INE ate ee eee 56 EE eege 58 SCE TWO NOLS ALAIN isonet ea Oe 58 Random upone Note Forrer in tet scent elec atta E aca TEE adsl Slate 58 AGT e Eet 59 FSS Pe el EE 61 Notes 1Omeer thana DEAL EE 63 Randomly up three notes 66 Mary mad HAUL E EH 66 D T EE 67 Notesshorter Man Ded EEN 67 ATSO US DII te Ee ee 68 Up range 5 one note 68 UW pane o Ve NOES EE 68 rer 68 WD Tanee ee WEE 68 AIWay S Start e DR D E 68 Upan eS ea NOTES heare ana E teen oesunsans T A ee anecasaoes 69 JNC DON E 69 Upand down in Nall StS EE 69 KEE A TN 74 Dotted notes ties and aus 75 Mt 76 My ISO MENG ugebuede 76 VaSG 5 2 VAI OEE 84 G21 oR Geet He SES Be EE 78 OG AV ga a sc ee ee 78 Listening Singing Teacher l Welcome BY Talore ee esd erte 78 Rests other than a Quarter cccccccseccccssccceeececececeeeceaeceeeecesseceeeeceseeeesaeeceseeceeaeeceseeceeaes 78 SE EE 79 U a E CEET 79 Good MENN ACC EE 80 SAE O TEI EE 81 Rey iin EN EE 8l Key e e Wed WEE 83 GONE Wy LE HSE TOUS ONY EE 83 Going down with first note only 83 R Ee dE E EEN 83 POSITS the GOUN COW EE 84 Wp irom arcte ice e EE 84 Down from a random reference note 84 Eiere 85 OMICS MOPS LN CORY tee EE 86 B Yee 6 VK eS 672 ape ee eae eR E 86 REENEN 87 Pontatoni geet Ee Eeer E ANTO EEN 87 MOIE E 87 LEE 88 Ee 89 VV TSE OO I ON DTE eeneg 90 Bar Training ew 91 Ear training eEXercises sso osoensseensseensstenseerosstessse
38. RCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 2 OpenAL on Windows During the Installation you will be asked to accept the licence terms of Openal 3 Glut32 dll Windows only Glut32 dll is under LGPL GNU Lesser General Public License GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3 29 June 2007 Copyright C 2007 Free Software Foundation Inc lt http fsf org gt Everyone iS permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License supplemented by the additional permissions listed below 0 Additional Definitions As used herein this License refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License and the GNU GPL refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License The Library refers to a covered work g
39. S Si Le gt G Ab La gt A 1 Te gt A Bb Ti gt B Note that there is no E or B An E is the same note as an F and a B would be the same note as the C of the next octave The number after the note name gives the octave On the piano AO is the lowest key with a frequency of 27 5 Hz The middle C is C4 with a frequency of 261 63 Hz gt Number of Note Presentations Tells you how many times the note was presented to you in a pitch exercise gt Intervals Observed Longer notes have more observation points than short notes The number in this column shows how many interval periods belonging to this pitch were observed gt Hits This number tells how many of the observed intervals resulted in a pitch hit the pitch frequency was within the predefined limits gt Intervals Respected Since the pitch sensitivity can be varied the number of notes who fulfill the criteria for a hit depends on the chosen sensitivity For the statistics all intervals which fall into a the range of plus or minus two half steps will respected independent of the chosen sensitivity When a narrow sensitivity was chosen this number is usually higher than the number of hits Vice versa a very broad sensitivity may result in less respected notes gt Note Frequency This displays the note frequency in Hz as it should be by definition gt Your Mean This is the calculated mean frequency in Hz from the intervals taken into account from your perf
40. Singing Teacher is always ready for an exercise never gets bored and gives non judgmental feedback on what he has heard The program teaches the fundamentals of music for beginners and helps advanced users to sing on tune It contains progressive pitch and rhythm exercises It also introduces the most relevant music notation elements to enable you to read sheet music We hope you will spend many enjoying hours with Listening Singing Teacher Your comments and inputs are most welcome Please mail them to jeCaral istaning Singing TeacherCom 4 Listening Singing Teacher 4 Installation Installation Macintosh Requirements Before you begin make sure that your computer is fast enough To have a good performance a G4 with 1 GB of RAM and adequate graphic card is required A Mac Mini G4 with 1 25 GHz and 1 GB of RAM should do it The program is also running okay on a B amp W G3 400 MHz with 768 MB RAM an ACARD 100 with a SATA Hitachi 400 GB disk attached to it and an ATI Radeon 9200 graphic card You can try other configurations as well The program was tested with Mac OS X 10 4 11 but previous versions did run with 10 3 9 and 10 4 x so the program may still be working on those OS s You also must have an appropriate microphone connected to your computer Check the relevant manuals on how to connect a microphone to your computer A Mac Mini G4 for example does not have a microphone input you have to use additional hardware li
41. User Manual Listening Singing Teacher User s Manual Copyright 2009 by AlgorithmsAndDataStructures F Rudin Switzerland All rights reserved No Part of this Software or documentation may be copied or transferred in whole or in part without the prior consent of the Publisher www AlgorithmsAndDataStructures com For details of the copyright see the license agreement at the end Trademarks Macintosh and OS X are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc IBM PC 1s trademark of International Business Machines Inc Windows XP Vista 7 is trademark of Microsoft Inc Listening Singing Teacher Listening Music Teacher The Listening Ear Trainer The Red Pitch Dot The Counting Hints Line The Half Step Change Hints Line The Notation Hints Line The Half Step Brackets The Precision Listening Method The Singing Funnel Method and The Octave Anchor Pitches Method are trademarks of www AlgorithmsAndDataStructures com All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners Listening Singing Teacher 1 Welcome Table of Contents Welcome to Listening Singing Teacher STI 4 Installation Macintosh c ccc cccccccsssccccseeceeeeeeceaseeceseeceeaeecesaeeccesaeecesaees 5 Bustawen leese eege H e Ke EE 20 el ee EE BRR eee ee eee pe E ee ee ee 23 EEN 24 EE 26 Per SS ONG E 48 PCCD QC EEEE E EE E EEE E E E E EEE eaters 53 IER e EE 54 WSS OU e 55 OVEN Ol LE SOS EE 56 erte erte EE 56 aie
42. Users Shared Let_It_Be mid Browse Assign this Midi File to the following Favorite Lesson Favoritel Set exercisetype Set TextStretchFactor Song ch TS UpBeat Anacrusis Melody Track or Channel Wi D Generate Exercise EI H Cancel gi Select Midi File and Assign to Favorite J H Listening Singing Teacher 100 Statistics You can assign a MIDI file to any of seven available favorite lessons Of course you can overload them any time with another song For the ExerciseType you can choose Pitch Rhythm Song or Loudness The difference between Pitch and Song is that a Pitch exercise changes the Lyrics to Do Re Mi notation The TextStretchFactor lets you manipulate the distances between notes so that the lyrics do not overlap from one note into the next Some musical scores start with an upbeat or Anacrusis If the MIDI file does not make up for the correct upbeat you can set an upbeat here Although the program tries to find a matching melody track to the lyrics track it might not be the correct one you specify the melody track here Once you have imported the MIDI file you can load it as any other exercise It is advisable that at the beginning of your training session you set the speed to very slow In this way you can easier listen and repeat the single notes Also if your voice range is in a different range than the one supplied with the MIDI file use the transpose option to adjust the range to your needs List
43. ail a i a e IS ie a ZS e Si lent EES ho ly night All a AT 4 ae 4 4 This is a rhythm exercise with dotted notes The above picture of silent night contains 16 notes we will look at Silent Night after we introduce the 16 notes Oh when the saints This song contains a dotted note Remember to hold the note long enough My Bonnie This is a very popular song which has dotted notes and ties As you can see the ties may span measures This means that you have to hold the note from the beginning until into the new measure Do not forget to count correctly with your inner beat Amazing grace In this song we use another way to depict eighth notes If two or more eighth notes follow each other then you can beam the notes instead of making notes with flags There is no difference between the two notations All notes which are beamed are eight notes In the picture below the first and the second note is an eighth note Usually when the notes belong together the notes get beamed instead of flagged Listening Singing Teacher He Statistics maz ing _ grace how sweet the sounds that saved 4 3 1 3 3 The song in this exercise has slurs Right at the beginning there is a slur You have to start with the first lower note and then go up to the next higher note without interruption The two notes are sung as one syllable Here it is the beginning A of Amazing the lyrics line has underlines to denote the co
44. al overtones of a fundamental map our harmonic understanding best Happy Birthday Well actually the tune is derived from Happy Greeting or Good Morning But we took the opportunity to thank the creators of Felix The Cat to congratulate then for the fact that after 25 years of the existence of this famous cartoon character they did not protect it and released it in this way to the public This was really a happy morning we think of it as the important 25 anniversary of Felix the Cat Listening Singing Teacher 74 Statistics This song has at the beginning a short measure which consist only of the duration of a quarter beat This is called an anacrusis or pickup measure Accordingly the count off will end before the anacrusis starts in this song it means that Felix will only count to two before the piece starts with a count of three A piece of music beginning with an anacrusis will often end before the last beat of the last bar in order to keep the number of bars in the entire piece at a whole number Happy Greeting Good Morning or Happy Bitrhday You may sing whatever lyrics you can remember If you have a life expectancy of 200 and more years you can dig the web and read the whole story Dotted notes ties and slurs How do you represent a note which should have a duration of a quarter and an eighth note You make a quarter note and an eighth note No because this you would play on a piano as two separate notes a quart
45. alls between the low and high La Thus we have constructed our first note No it is not T1 which follows La Remember that in this example the notes would go from the lower La to the higher La This means the scale would go from La Ti Do Re Mi Fa So and La It is also not the Do it is more like two thirds between the lower and the higher La it is the M1 which we constructed This is the fifth note if we start counting from La with a one Later we will see that this is called the dominant of the tonic All the notes of a scale can be constructed with this common natural behavior of a string The dominant overtones that we get in a similar way e g length of 3 4 gt 220 4 3 293 33 Hz Re will give us the rest of our scale Listening Singing Teacher 71 Statistics But it gets even more complicated 1f you look up the frequency of the M1 which corresponds to the E4 note on a piano you will see that the E4 on the piano swings with 329 63 Hz instead of our calculated 330 Hz Even so the reference note La on the piano A4 will swing exactly with 440 Hz This is not an error this is a compromise We speak of the so called tempered scale The tempered scale allows us to transpose a melody That is we can start a song from any note and are still able to play it on a fixed key instrument like the piano The distances fr
46. ames H Startup Internet Explorer W MSN Introductory Lesson EH Accessibilty H Communications sound Hecor Jer Yolume Control fin Entertainment J Address Book Z Caicuiator windows Media Player Te E mail s Outlool E press Remote Assistance GC Microsoft visual Stud P Windows Media Player Shortcut to LisbeningSingingT eac BB Windows Messenger ES Yisual Studio 2008 C Prompt ei Outlook Express GRY Command Prompt Notepad W Part Program Compatibilty Wizard Synchronize Tour Windows xP i Windows Explorer A WordPad I System Tools A Remote Desktop Connection A Windows Movie Maker E Microsoft SQL Server 2008 M Mcrosoft Visual C 2008 Express Edition EH Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 TH Mcrosoft Windows SDK v6 04 len Parallels Shared Applications M Windows Installer XML v3 EH QuickTime Apple Software Update Ed Log Off Je Turn OFF Computer All Programs Start The Sound Recorder window appears Sound Sound Recorder Click the red Recording button and speak with normal loudness Observe the green wave the green line should go up to the maximum but should not clip on the top or bottom Adjust the volume slider in the Recording Control window appropriately When this is the case you have set the volume correctly If you cannot reach the maximum without shouting then your microphone may not be suited for your microphone in jack High qual
47. an TimeSignature my RI es Lyrics Accents Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic Quit Introduction When you see this picture you have finished the introductory lesson You will be redirected to the select lesson dialog The other lessons are all practice exercises Start by selecting Scale one note at a time New musical symbols will be introduced in the info section of each lesson It is a good practice to change the SkipItro button to Skip after you are finished with a lesson In this way you have a better overview of what you have already accomplished After clicking on a Lesson a short introduction to the lesson will be shown Closing the introduction window will present the exercise options Dialog In the beginning do not worry about the options just click Go to start the exercise with the given presets For your information the possible options are described in the next chapter After finishing a lesson the feedback page is shown After the feedback you have the option to replay your exercise Since this sequence is the same for all exercises these screens are presented here before the single lessons are presented Listening Singing Teacher 47 Exercise Options Exercise Options In the Exercise Options dialog screen you find several possibilities to ease the exercise If you have difficulties with an exercise do not hesitate to use these options Take all the help
48. an the ending number of the previous entry The next entry defines the randomness behavior There are three possibilities f stands for fixed No randomization is done 66 99 r rrandomizes the notes in the given range see next entries c randomizes the notes but keeps the notes in the C Key In this sample file the first part 1s fixed the following to parts are randomized Then a fixed part follows The next two entries only make sense when the randomness is either r or c These two numbers define the lower and the upper limit of the range in which the randomized notes should be The range goes up in half steps from A1 0 to c6 52 In the sample file the second part randomizes the notes in the range of 27 to 31 and demands that the note are in the C Key This yields a random sequence of the three solfege syllable notes Do 27 Re 29 and Mi 30 A remark about the randomization The randomization process first shuffles the notes This means the note durations get shuffled this is handy for rhythm exercises However since beamed and slurred notes and bars cannot be shuffled easily it is not possible to randomize parts which contain such elements The last two entries are for the reference note Again there are three possibilities a stands for fixed The reference note is the next entry b the reference note is randomly drawn from the previously given range c The same a b
49. and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications if you also do each of the following a Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License b Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document c For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution include the copyright notice for the Library among these notices as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document d Do one of the following 0 Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License and the Corresponding Application Code in a form Suitable for and under terms that permit the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work in the Manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source 1 Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library A suitable mechanism is one that a uses at run time a copy of the Library already present on the user s computer system and b will operate properly with a modified version of the Library that is interface compatible with the Linked Version e Provide Installation Information but only if you would otherwise be required to provide such information under section 6 of the GNU GPL and only
50. backward allows an easy flow of the air Breathing and articulating Correct breathing has several advantages You breath deeper so you can hold a note longer You automatically take a better posture be able to fill your lungs Your straight posture and controlled slow breathing give you a relaxed mind Feeling relaxed takes the fear of making mistakes On the web you will find a lot of exercises on how to breath correctly The main thing 1s to use the whole lungs so that more air is available which you then can exhale controlled as necessary To fill your lungs you must use abdominal breathing this means that your stomach should expand during inhalation and slowly move inward as you sing or exhale To be well understood you should articulate words and phrases correctly Often the ends of words get swallowed Singing is more complex than only speaking Therefore try to speak correctly record your speaking voice and analyze the clarity of your speaking before singing the words Make sure that you know the lyrics comfortably Then make sure that you know the tone This should give you confidence to sing clear and understandable Listen and compare Use the possibility to replay your singing performance Watch the pitch curve s color and listen carefully to what you sung at that time Listen again and let the computer play the correct reference notes along your singing Try to hear the difference between your voice and the sound produc
51. ch a transfer works Hardware or Operating Release changes or software errors may make this impossible In addition the license permits you the use of the software on a maximum of three computers you own at atime If you wish to use the software on more than three computers at the same time you must license an additional serial number This software contains codes which are dependent on third party products and libraries For those parts the following copyrights apply 1 OpenAL on Macintosh Copyright c 2004 Apple Computer Inc All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met 1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 2 Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution 3 Neither the name of Apple Computer Inc Apple nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission Listening Singing Teacher 122 License Agreement THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ME
52. ches for a while so that the program can be sure that this is a note The lowest and the highest note should be separated by at least two lines Listening Singing Teacher 39 Introductory Lesson AAO listening singing teacher Introduction Understanding Low and high The Grand Staff But what means low and high 20 e Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic Quit Introduction The program continues after it has recognized a low and a high pitch which are at least two lines apart In the above example the notes are 9 lines apart By using a piano the relationship between the notes on the staff and the piano is explained Listening Singing Teacher 40 Introductory Lesson MNO listening singing teacher Introduction Understanding Low and high The Grand Staff Ledger Lines Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic Quit Introduction After introducing ledger lines the treble and bass staff and the treble and bass clef are introduced Listening Singing Teacher 41 listening singing teacher Introductory Lesson Introduction Understanding Low and high The Grand Staff J We put the Bass clef here ISS VE 20 Bass Clef Learn how the program works Navigation In the following session Felix explains the steady beat Listening Singing Teacher 42
53. ches you Produce the starting be sung and the note La anticipated note produced note yourself given a fixed reference with your inner fixed reference note note ear hearing and seeing a fixed reference note for the duration of a note This time you get a fixed reference note So you may think what shall I bother about that note I sing from the heart But the reference note played on the beginning will disturb you because it has another pitch which is further away But soon you will be thankful for this reference note It gives you a handle you can count on Your inner ear will be starting calculating the needed sound relative to the reference pitch Difficulty level 7 What you see on What you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff accomplish get The last note to A random Build an The pitches you Produce the starting be sung and the reference note anticipated note produced note yourself given random with your inner an arbitrary reference note ear from an reference note arbitrary note ou hear and see Listening Singing Teacher 96 Statistics for the duration of a note You have to calculate the starting note in your brain fast to be ready when the recording starts This brain training enhances your ability to adapt to real world environments It is a healthy mental training which will demand some concentration on your part Difficulty level 8 What you see What you hear What
54. cise Hits Shows you how many times you continued after the note or rest at the right moment After Maximums Tells you how many times you had a maximum after the note kick and before the time of the note has elapsed Notes taken Notes taken tells you how many of the presented notes were taken into the statistics That is notes which were clapped within a specified time range of the time due Mean The mean should be 0 0 A positive number means you tend to clap too late and a negative number means you clap too early Standard deviation The standard deviation shows you the variation around the correct hitting point Graphical Display of the mean and standard deviation To better visualize the situation a graphical bar with the mean and standard deviation is depicted Listening Singing Teacher 104 Registration Registration The registration filed is in the User Select dialog in the frame Registration listening singing teacher Listening Singing Teacher About User Management Ckick your Name from the list or add a new user User Name Tessitura New User Tessitura lr eegen H Admin Password Activate needed for delete Users rithmni se TA ALMATA T S Registration Serial Number Update clipBoard Activate Buy Serial Number and Activation Key LS DER e ZE wat almia Ye es Control r Click a user from the list to start the lessons Te or click in the
55. e and a Note that the numbers are fat which represents the metric accent Unfortunately Listening Singing Teacher does not break with the mathematical rules so the counting hints may not apply for time signature of 6 8 even so they are correct Jingle bells This is a very popular Christmas song which accentuates the rhythm more than the very old traditional songs Sing with rhythm in your voice Listening Singing Teacher 79 Statistics Good night ladies In this lesson we introduce the key signature The key signature follows right after the clef and before the time signature see below Instead of having an accidental in front of all the notes which are raised we put a key signature at the beginning This also better reflects the key in which we sing The key of this song is G and has one sharp By adding a key signature you lower or higher all the notes which are on a space or line where the key signature has accidentals The accidentals in the key signature are valid on all octaves This means that although there is only one accidental depicted for the upper Fa the accidental is valid for all Fa s The accidentals in the key signature are valid throughout the whole piece no separate accidentals will be shown before those notes With a neutral you can cancel this influence G G G G G G N lar Lo kel E 2 g Good night la dies Good night 4 3 of 4 3 Every Fa is
56. e a smaller factor of 1 05946309 If you multiply 1 05946309 with itself you get 1 05946309 1 05946309 1 12246203 What does this mean The two notes with the smaller factor only have half the distance of the other notes If we name the distance between normal notes a step then these two notes are only separated by a half step In an equal tempered scale the octave is divided mathematically into twelve half steps As we have seen this dos not exactly match the natural overtones of a string however the deviation is usually not noticable But the mathematically equal distance between half tones allows an easy transposition of a musical piece by any number of half steps up or down Listening Singing Teacher 12 Statistics Now we are finished with our physics theory we have reached the half step If you did not understand the above excursion do not worry there is no need to understand the physics behind music to make good music But you should know the music terms The notes Do and Re are one step apart So are Re and M1 but M1 and Fa are only a half step apart Let us look at the whole scale and the distances between the notes Note Lal Ti Ti Distance Wel fie Se M r s Ser Step st in steps Step Step When looking at modes of scales we will come back to this table For now we introduce additional notes between the notes which are a step apart In this way we get a scale that consist
57. e following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution Neither the name of the Xiph org Foundation nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE 5 Third party Libraries This product is linked with libraries from Apple Inc California USA MindVision Software Lincoln USA eSellerate Lincoln USA and the Free Pascal Organization www freepascal org You are not allowed to extract the codes of these libraries and use them in any way without the permission of their holders However you may download the libraries from their sites by agreeing to their ter
58. e is made before the Listening Singing Teacher 64 Statistics duration of a note ends In rhythm exercises you should make a sharp noise when the note is due to start Otherwise it should be quite This exercise introduces you to the counting of rhythm Remember that you restart counting when you have reached the upper number of the time signature SS a Below the lyrics line you find the counting hints La La La La La La La d 2 4 4 E 4 41 Mell TR Ee You count each number but you only clap when the number is violet Felix will not kick the baton on brown numbers The brown numbers you just keep counting in your head but you do not clap them In the above example Felix will kick the quarter note with 4 and then the half note with a one then leave out the brown 2 kicking again when the next half note with a 3 is due then leaving out the 4 and continue with the quarter note with a one in the next measure In this lesson you also see vertical bars in the staff The bars are used to better visualize a measure or bar The moments when you start counting from one Since the bar lines need some space in front of the notes the zigzag line now looks a little different Listening Singing Teacher 65 Statistics Loudness 2 PLECARE 20 Tempo 50 G G E S C G ES EE oa As D eg eg E eegend There are now gaps before a measure starts Just think of them as not existent If you clap the first note of a measure to
59. e same way as in the ABC Notes txt file The easiest way 1s to copy the ABC Notes txt file to the ABC Chords txt file And leave it as it is To make better sounding chord accompaniments you should then split up notes longer than a beat into several notes or pauses to place more chords than notes The actual notes in the chords file are completely ignored only the accents from the notes are taken for the chords This allows you to make a livelier chord accompaniment ExerciseParts txt In this file the Exercise type the text stretch factor the individual parts the random behavior and the reference note are defined The first line in this file must contain the word Pitch Rhythm Song or Loudness and determines the kind of the exercise The difference between a Pitch and a Song Exercise is that in a Pitch exercise it is assumed that the Text contains always solfege syllables This means that the syllables get transposed too if the exercise 1s a Pitch Exercise If you want to make a movable Do exercise you must choose Song as the Exercise Type In this way the Do will always be displayed as the lyrics independent of the note s pitch However if you choose to listen to the song with a human voice the voice will not sing the lyrics text but the equivalent of the fixed Do solfege syllable Rhythm Exercises only evaluate rhythm The rhythm sound has to be made as a short sound and should not
60. e way that you can compare your voice to an instrument Rehearing 1s a very good practice you probably learn more from listening than only from performing You can also change the pitch sensitivity and the beat accuracy This allows you to see how you would have performed if stronger measure were taken After the replay you come back to this screen You can replay the exercise as many times as you want by pressing Go Pressing quit will bring you back to the Select Lesson window Finally the button Export will write a wave file of the recorded exercise You must rename the file if you want to keep it otherwise a new export will overwrite the file Listening Singing Teacher 54 Statistics Lesson Exercises For the general discussion of the lesson exercises the lesson Randomly up three notes is depicted here listening singing teacher Scores Tithe 6 Randomly up three notes Music Simple Scale On Beat 0 Text Singing Teacher Note ok 10 Loudness 145 PitchHit 356 N ANA BONS FN E a Fats AN i K A A SA y e S ef SE d F d SC ei rig f Sal E vi Es KS P a d e Sa eee oe hee ES SC GE he Sg GE x SA Ges L bung tsutn ll ul Wii hinne Tan Tempo 35 0 E L C G G G F F F C i D E Navigation Quit Replay FALUSO shacecateneveleteate In the upper left corner you see the Scores frame It tells you what the current score points are Only one of the four scores wi
61. ed by the computer To have a neutral comparison possibility use the sinus voice for replay You can also sing along the replay and try to make the performance better It is always a good practice to try to correct errors no matter what the discipline is Of course during the replay there is no recording and the pitch hints still show the pitch curve of the recording Difficulties with single notes Try to sing another vowel or consonant Instead of singing laaaaaa it may be easier to start with a long IHH and then softly turn to the a Try a long ssssss in soooo or a long for a wavy line You just have to feel comfortable and from there you can start building up a broader voice range with all the vowels and consonants Sometimes you can sing high notes and low notes but the notes in between do not come easy This may be because we all have a head voice and a chest voice The head voice is better for the high notes and the low notes usually come from the belly Do not worry just sing the notes you Listening Singing Teacher 112 Tips on how to learn to sing can If you feel comfortable with the notes above and below use the push exercises But do not stress your voice to master the notes in the between zone Try to reach the missing notes with the pushing up exercise and try to reach the notes going down with the pushing down exercise Go slowly and be patient Microphone settings For Pitch e
62. eighth note 1s half that of a quarter note The counting of eighth notes is by sliding an and between the number counting So a two measure with four beats full of eighth notes would be counted as follows One and Two and Three and Four and One and Two and Three and Four and Usually the first note in a measure has a stronger accent which is here represented by the fatter One s Pay attention to the and at the end of the measures you do not make any pauses before the one starts If there are no eighth notes in a measure you may omit the speaking of the ands The steady beat which gives you an orientation on where you are in the measure 1s made with the numbers Listening Singing Teacher 67 Statistics not with the and s in between Therefore it is preferable to leave out unneeded and s in the counting Use the possibility to let Felix count the exercise for you In the counting hints line the and is shown as a Are you sleeping This 1s a traditional French song which contains eighth notes and quarter rests Although it does not belong to the exercise you can pretend that this is a rhythm exercise Do not sing and try to clap the rhythm Look in the Score section top left how well you performed When learning a new song it makes sense to do a separate rhythm exercise before the singing In breaking down difficult parts into simpler sessions you get acquainted to the piece and ge
63. ening Singing Teacher 101 Statistics Statistics Instead of making a lesson you can choose to see the statistics by pressing the statistics button listening singing teacher User Felix Tessitura high Note Statistics No of Note Intervals Intervals Note Your Your Note Presentations Observed Hits Respected Frequence Mean Std C4 5 110 67 85 262 262 9 C 4 0 0 0 0 220 n a n a D4 a 120 74 89 294 295 7 D 4 0 0 0 0 SLL n a n a E4 a 114 84 95 330 328 8 F4 3 117 68 92 349 346 ta F 4 0 0 0 0 370 nsa n a 64 3 116 58 7 392 385 21 G 4 0 0 0 0 415 n a n a H4 3 143 E 94 440 435 13 A 4 0 0 0 0 466 n a n a B4 3 75 54 61 494 484 15 cS 5 75 57 64 523 518 44 Navigation Change Page Quit Statistcs Recognize Trends The statistics consists of several pages Pitch statistics for the note range C4 C5 Pitch statistics for the note range C3 C4 Pitch statistics for the note range C2 C3 Pitch statistics for the note range C5 C6 On Beat statistics for note durations On Beat statistics for rests The pitch statistics look like the above screenshot There are nine columns gt Note Displays the note value for this line Solfege syllables correspond as follows to the note names Syllable gt Notename Do gt C sg Dji Ra gt C Db Re gt D Ri Me gt D Eb Listening Singing Teacher 102 Statistics Mi gt E RS Fa gt F Fi Se gt F Gb R So gt G R
64. er note and an eighth note of course For notes which belong together the musicians use a tie A tie looks like a flat bow which connects the notes together which should sound as one note Thus the following notes are played just as one note but have the duration of the two notes together in this case a quarter and an eighth bh SE Since in music it often occurs that a note is half the value longer than its original value music notation allows a simplified depiction of this situation Instead of making two tied notes they add a dot at the end of the note This makes the note half of its original value longer Thus the following notation is the same as the version with two tied notes Listening Singing Teacher 75 Statistics With ties you can tie together all note durations For example you can tie a half note with an eighth note The dot notation only allows you to extend the note by half of its value Thus a dotted half note for example has the duration of a half note and a quarter note Slurs are similar to ties but they connect two or more notes of different pitch The idea behind slurs is to move as smoothly as possible from one note to the next This is the case when you have to sing one syllable over two notes like in Silent Night The si in si lent night goes from a lower note to a higher note without interruption As a singer you usually sing them in a continuous breath H H H A E Ez A Sq gg
65. es when we had longer notes than a beat we did the counting in our head But the longer note always started on a beat A measure is syncopated if it contains notes which start off beat and last over the beat to the next offbeat Sounds complicated let us take a look at syncopated measures F Eo Ff re EF G G G G G G E G amp F H F E E G 4 KK em ry A kI Q A8 bp PH Iess 8 Ski eS S G D ek 3 EeSCES 3 beggen a E E E REG IR RE a Ge Fee e e Ee 6 E aaa TE ae E E La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La La ab 2 4 1 2 3 rb B 4 4 2 p g In the first measure the quarter starts on the beat The following eighth note is also on a beat The next note is a quarter note which starts offbeat see the in the counting hints and lasts until the next offbeat The three gets only counted in the head The following eighth note synchronizes us again with the beat so that the last quarter in the measure is on the beat again All three depicted measures are syncopated the first leaves out the three the second the four and the last leaves out the two In the next exercise you will see that you can also let out the one by tying notes over a measure bounding then the one gets left out Try to clap the exercise which contains syncopations To get you started with the counting the first two measures of the exercise are note syncopated Rhythm La Bamba Syncopation can also be done directly by
66. files By double clicking the installer the installation process starts Before the Welcome screen appears a minute or so may elapse The installer will guide you through the installation process Listening Singing Teacher 7 Installation AAA Installer Installation powered by TileStorm Go Back Continue If you used the defaults during the installation Listening Singing Teacher should have been installed in your applications Folder Uninstalling Listening Singing Teacher In the Finder click on Applications and drag the Icon for Listening Singing Teacher to the Trash Listening Singing Teacher 8 Installation Installation Windows Requirements Before you begin make sure that your computer is fast enough To have a good performance an Intel core Duo with 1 GB of RAM and adequate graphic card is required The program was tested on Windows XP and Vista You also need Quicktime You also must have an appropriate microphone connected to your computer Check the relevant manuals on how to connect a microphone to your computer Some PC s do not have a microphone input you have to use additional hardware like a computer compatible USB device capable of handling microphone inputs Important A line m is not the same as a microphone input If you do not have a microphone input you need a pre amplifier Getting the installation file The first step 1s to download the compressed installation file msi In your browser
67. find that you can recognize or hit some notes better than others Experiment with different vowels and consonants Build on those inner feelings Listening Singing Teacher supports the finding of pitches which are embedded in your body By collecting statistical pitch data for each note you immediately see which notes have a lesser diversity than others You also see trends in the deviation from the aspired pitch In this way in the beginning you can focus on tones which can easier be produced consistently and therefore tighten the relationship of your mental ear with your body Finally you are able to produce a perfect pitch out from nowhere which you then can use as your reference pitch Try the exercises with a random reference note and finally try without a reference note and see on the screen on which pitch your note started If you do not give up there 1s a big chance that you find your inner pitch meter for some notes The other notes can then be drawn from those immersed inner notes by practicing intervals Singing is a key factor to the absolute ear By singing you have to produce a sound with the parts of your body Therefore you can feel the sound much better than by merely pressing a key on a piano Nothing is nearer to your perception than your own body parts Of course your body is dependent on many factors mood awakens etc so it is good idea to check with an external reference from time to time A positive feedback will a
68. gain this shows us the importance of relative pitch You do not have to understand the physics and theory behind the music 1f you know to sing a song in one key signature you just have to transpose the notes relative to the starting note The intervals will stay the same and you will be singing in tune Even so you may not be able to tell in which key you sing nor name the notes A last remark about key signatures adding one sharp to the key signature raises the fundamental to the dominant or fifth degree of itself Remember that the key signatures span over all octaves in this way we do not strictly speak about a new scale which starts from this higher note we could also start an octave lower Adding sharps until the key signature becomes the starting key signature again brings us to the circle of fifth Listening Singing Teacher 88 Statistics Bb d Minor e D gt EL 3b c ft 34 A Se 4 4 CA Ab bb oF E SE gm H hs Sr Db 6 64 B za Cut ihe rg S Circle of fifth This above picture is from wiki pedia Chords But there is even more to come What if we play more than one pitch at a time This gives us a chord A chord contains two or more pitches A chord of only two notes is a special case it is often looked at as an interval Since the human vocal system cannot produce more than one pitch at a time we have to deal with chords similar to the intervals We have to sing the notes in succession This is called a melodic
69. gn Up Five Reasons to Developer FREE weekly New Music Tuesday subscription Keep me up to date with Apple neve premier codec softwere updates and the latest information on products and services Record audio ft i podcasts Apple Customer Privacy Policy O Create movies Email Address Apple TV New full screer Free Download Now QuickTime 7 6 4 for Windows XP Broadcaster or Vista Streaming Server 1 Create video us Save movies fro Internet 100 Choose if you want to insall QuickTime with iTunes or only QuickTime Click Free Download Now and follow the installation instructions After installing Quicktime you should be ready to use Listening Singing Teacher Listening Singing Teacher 19 First Time Use First Time Use Macintosh Double click the application ListeningSingingTeacher in the applications folder Gm F Applications ajr E BMA Ol o Y DEVICES Mail Photo Booth Preview 8 Macintosh HD EY iDisk FELIX E gt PIBOEGW1 QuickTime Player Safari Spaces PLACES Desktop a felixrudin ws H Documents Stickies TextEdit SEARCH FOR H Yesterday Past Week Time Machine Microsoft Office 2008 Utilities All Images All Movies ListeningSingingTeacher All Documents lt 34 items 213 57 GB available ZS Windows Double click the shortcut on your Desktop Shortcut to LISteningsin The app
70. go to www Listening Singing Teacher com and download the actual version Warning The file has a whopping 85 MB this will take about 1 4 hours on a DSL line Installation After clicking the download link the following window opens File Download Security Warning Do you want to run or save this file tS Name ListeningSingingTeacher msi Type Windows Installer Package Ap OM From algorithmsanddatastructures com While files from the Internet can be useful this file type can potentially harm your computer IF you do not trust the source do not run or save this software What s the risk Click Run The actual download starts Listening Singing Teacher 9 Installation 99 of ListeningSinging eacher msi from al alala ListeningSingingTeacher msi From algorithmsanddatastructures com Estimated time left 40 sec 26 9MB of 45 9MB copied Download to Temporary Folder Transfer rate 483KB Sec Close this dialog box when download completes Cancel When the download finishes the following Security Warning appears Internet Explorer Security Warning The publisher could not be verified Are you sure you want to run this software Name ListeningSingingTeacher msi Publisher Unknown Publisher should only run software from publishers you trust How can I decide what x This file does not have a valid digital signature that verifies its publisher You software to run We do not have a digi
71. gt ve Unison Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Octave P1 M2 M3 P4 P5 M6 M7 P8 The exercise does not really teach interval names since you just sing the intervals However intervals are very useful for relative pitch since they develop a sense of distance between the notes In general relative pitch is more important than absolute pitch since when a conductor initiates a song he has the freedom to choose the starting pitch The distance between the notes the intervals stay the same regardless of the starting pitch The freedom of choosing the starting pitch makes sense since in a kindergarten the voices match higher notes better than in a men s choir Up range 8 eight notes Now you have to remember a random sequence of eight notes To make the exercise even more difficult you can choose Blind Exercise so you do not see the notes during the recording Old Mac Donald For you relaxation a well known song Old Mac Donald had a farm E I E I O Up and down in half steps Have you ever wondered why our pitch exercises go from a low Do to a high Do If you change the tessitura from high to medium you will see that the high Do of the medium tessitura is equal to the low Do of the high tessitura Of course the high Do of the low tessitura is equal to the low Do of the medium tessitura In this way you can go up seamlessly from a very low Do to a very high Do But why use the same
72. gtl Agtecute t get 4 T Zei KZ Two notes to be The two notes to Repeat the notes The pitches you Train your musical sung be sung you just heard produced ear to remember sounds This level corresponds to the lesson 3 You see and hear two notes before you start singing This forces you to memorise the starting note and also the second note since you have to sing them at a later time Difficulty level 3 What you see on What you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff accomplish get Two notes to be The first note of Repeat the first The pitches you Produce a new note sung the two note and build produced in relation to another the second anticipated note with your inner ear You may think that is easy I cheat I remember the note What is so difficult Nothing But you have to remember the second note from a longer time ago Because you did not hear it immediately before you sing This level you can train with the lesson 3 by choosing the option FirstNoteOnly from the NoteAssistance Menu In that lesson it is of course pretty easy because by going up a scale with two notes the last note of the previous part always corresponds to the first note of the next part Using random notes makes it a little bit more difficult since then you really have to remember the second note or to build it from the first note with your inner ear Listening Singing Teacher 94 Statistics Difficu
73. have a long duration A Loudness Exercise will only evaluate the loudness That is notes with a gt accentuation mark should be sung during their duration with a loudness higher than notes without an accentuation mark Notes with a lt must be quieter then normal notes in the ABC notation the letter T before a note 1s used to announce Trill here the letter T is misused for lt The second line should contain a 1 0 in normal cases This is the text stretch factor which allows you to stretch the distance between the notes so that the text does not overlap If you have one very long word it is probably better to shortcut the word than to make all notes far apart from each other Below you see a sample ExerciseParts file Pitch 1 0 HE 2 he 27 gt 39 a gt 36x Listening Singing Teacher 108 Make Your Own Exercise 3 5 Ce 277 317 ae 36 6 8 c 27 31 a 36 Hr ll fe 29 39 a 36 12 14 c 29 32 a 36 15 1 Ce 29 32 as 36 After the two first lines each line has seven entries The first two entries define the starting and the ending note number The numbering starts with 0 The ending number is included in the part thus if only one note is in a part the starting and the ending note are the same In this sample file three notes 0 1 2 are specified for the first part The next line also specifies a part which contains three notes 3 4 5 The starting number must always be one higher th
74. he System Preferences is explained at the beginning of the lesson Otherwise you will not be able to finish this exercise since a sound after the rhythm clap will turn your correct clapping into a red marking and show you the after beat with a light blue indicator In the above picture you see the first note was snapped too late blue the second third fourth and fifth note are correct green the sixth note was too early yellow the seventh note was a little bit late but was still accepted However it turned into a red mark because there was a noise louder than permitted before the end of the note this after beat is marked with a light blue bar the eighth note was too early again yellow and the last note was correct again green To continue the introductory lesson you only need to perform three claps correctly Alternately you can press the Next Page button in the lower right corner After this exercise rhythm gets explained in more detail Again there is a short practice session at the end where you have to show your rhythm competence Listening Singing Teacher 44 Introductory Lesson ALO listening singing teacher introduction Instruments Loudness 0 oR Pine Po li Ne fe SC Ke fl oe ee Se oP ee IS lu um lu ul lu ET SE EE Navigation Change Topic Prewi Soon Quit Introduction uit Every note with an accent marking gt should be emphasized by making a louder sound In the above exerci
75. hesion The program will evaluate any pitch between the first and second note as correct Listening Singing Teacher CS Statistics Sixteenth Note The sixteenth note has an additional flag to the eighth note and looks like this As you may have already guessed the duration of the sixteenth note is half the time of an eighth note or a sixteenth of a whole note As with eighth notes the counting slides in the additional letters e and a between the eighth notes A measure full of sixteenth gets counted as follows One ce and a Two e and a Three e and a Four e anda One It takes some time to practice Keep practicing until you feel comfortable and you can do it effortlessly Rhythm is a basic concept of music Our ancient ancestors already used percussion instruments to express their moods Clementine during the time of the California gold rush a popular song was Clementine which contains sixteenth notes What shall we do with Fast song with sixteenth notes Rests other than a quarter Until now we only have used quarter rests Listening Singing Teacher 78 Statistics Of course a rest can be an eighth rest a sixteenth rest a half rest or a whole rest The symbols for the rests are as follows Sixteenth rest Eighth rest Half rest Whole rest The symbols for the half rest and the whole rest look very similar Here is a small help to distinguish them the half rest 1s above the line and thus looks like a hut
76. ice is working correctly If the input level 1s too low increase it with the slider If this does not work you may have a microphone which is not suited for that input channel Expensive microphones often need special pre amplifiers The input channel must support microphones line in input channels expect a higher voltage signal than what you will get from microphones There may also be a separate control panel for your digitizing device to adjust the sensitivity check your hardware manuals If you hear a lot of background noise make sure nothing else is disturbing you If there are clicks chirps or hissing hearable you might have unshielded microphone cables which pick up electro smog or the microphone itself picks up a grumble from the 50 60 Hz power outlets Try to reposition the microphone cables Make sure that the loudness display is in a correct range If you make no sound the sound control panel should show zero input level Listening Singing Teacher 116 FAQ indicator lights or a maximum of two If everything seems to be in a good range then make a hardcopy of the particular situation and export the recording before mailing Send all the information e g Computer Model RAM graphic card audio equipment etc you think might be helpful in resolving the problem to acistaning Singing leacherlom SC ab TAS KX Can I print the statistics or songs Unfortunately this version does not contain a print feature you m
77. ilar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License or any later version applies to it you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall apply that proxy s public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the Library 4 OggVorbis Copyright c 2002 2004 Xiph org Foundation Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer Listening Singing Teacher 126 License Agreement Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and th
78. ing where people can sing along the song benefit from a natural Joy Singing maybe also shouting can free your mind and give you self confidence Studies have shown that singing is also healthy Even so you have a good foundation you know the note durations pitches and how to emphasize notes with loudness or syncopation this is only the start When we did the half step exercise I said that we will come back to the following picture Diatonic Scale Note Distance Pot tke JH tt Eed sett sat E in steps Step Step This is the scale with which you are familiar It is called the Diatonic Scale in C Major It consists of eight notes which are called degrees read table from bottom to top Meaning Do IC s Tonie The highDo a ba ending or bin The piercing tone La Ja In L ubmedian he sad tone The bright tone Do IO II Tonic The strongtone The Scale is called diatonic since it contains half steps and whole steps thus two different distances from note to note dia is from Greek and means two The first note of any scale is called the tonic If we put the tonic in the center we can easily see the logic behind the degree names Listening Singing Teacher 86 Statistics Chromatic Scale The scale in the half step exercise where the scale is built with all the half steps is called a Chromatic Scale Pentatonic Scale There is another scale instead of adding half steps the scale removes
79. iorate BeatClicks This option lets you play the beat clicks during the exercise The same precautions apply as with the chords Your options are No Clicks No sound will be played Beat Clicks Every beat a click sound will be heard Half Beat Clicks Every half of a beat a click sound will be heard Listening Singing Teacher 51 Exercise Options Quarter Beat Clicks every quarter of a beat a sound will be heard Rhythm Clicks When a note starts a click will be heard If no note starts at a beat a softer click will be played Rhythm Click Voice The same as Rhythm Clicks but instead of clicks the counting of the rhythm will be spoken This simplifies the learning of counting gt Play Accompaniment The last toggle button in this frame offers you an even more realistic environment by playing a few instruments along your singing If you transpose a song the chords and the accompaniment are also transposed The control section allows you to gt Quit the program Exits the program gt Change the lesson Brings you back to the Select Lesson Dialog Listening Singing Teacher 52 Feedback Feedback When you have finished an exercise you will automatically be transferred to the feedback screen listening singing teacher Exercise Title Lesson2 Exercise Type Pitch User Felix Tessitura high score Overview Lesson PersonalScore Tessit HighScore Tessit Who Lesson2 204 high 204 high Felix This Exerci
80. ity microphones usually need a special pre amplifier Listening Singing Teacher does not recommend using microphones with which you have problems getting an adequate input level easily Shouting is not Singing Listening Singing Teacher 35 Introductory Lesson You should also set the Recoring Format to CD Qualtiy In the Sound Recorder click File gt Properties A Sound Sound Recorder Edt Effects Help Ne G N Ge Save Length 0 00 sec Save As hee oe J gt jm Ext gt A d In the upcoming Properties for Sound dialog choose Recording Format and then click Convert Now Listening Singing Teacher 36 Introductory Lesson oss al Po scan oh v HEET Properties for Sound No Copyright information 0 00 sec Data Size 0 bytes Audio Format PCM 22 050 kHz 16 Bit Mano Format Conversion E To adjust the sound quality or use less space for this sound click Convert Now Choose from Lat formats i Convert Now All formats Playback formats Recording formats In the upcoming Sound Selection Dialog choose Format PCM and Attributes 44 100 kHz 16 Bit Mono Listening Singing Teacher 37 Introductory Lesson a Keck TEE Properties for Sound Details Copyright Sound Selection Length Data Size Audio Format Format Conversion el di To adjust the si 34 this sound ch Choose trom Recorder forme
81. ke a computer compatible USB device capable of handling microphone inputs Important A line in is not the same as a microphone input If you do not have a microphone input you may need a pre amplifier Getting and unpacking the disk image The first step 1s to download the compressed disk image file In your browser go to www Listening Singing Teacher com and download the actual version Warning The file has a whopping 85 MB this will take about 1 4 hours on a DSL line After the download has completed you should see an icon that looks like this Listening Singing Teacher dmg gz The second step 1s to decompress the file Double click on it the archive Utility appears Archive Utility Unarchiving Listening Singing Teacher dmg gz Cancel Be patient as this may take a while Listening Singing Teacher 5 Installation After this task finishes double click on the new icon which was created Je Listening Singing Teacher dmg The Disk Image gets mounted On the desktop you should see the following icon Listening Singing Teacher A double click brings up the Installation window Listening Singing Teacher 6 Installation Installation liicense doc Copyright doc ListeningSingingTeacherMa Installer Reading the License Agreement and the Copyright before installing is a good practice During the installation you must agree to the terms anyway or discard the downloaded
82. l Listening Singing Teacher 9 Statistics Now let us look at the number of half steps or semitones which are between the notes The first interval from C to D embraces two halfsteps The second interval from E to F embraces only one halfstep To distinguish the intervals we must use the full interval names A Minor Second contains one halfstep A Major Second contains two halfsteps Nomenclature is something we have to learn If nothing 1s specified a Major 1s assumed There are even more names to express the same intervals Enahrmonic intervals span the same number of semitones So an augmented Unison is the same as a Minor Second one halfstep and a diminished Third is the same as a Major Second two halfsteps The terms perfect major minor augmented and diminished are used to express the interval quality The following table shows the relationship between the names and the number of halfsteps Number Name Abbr Enharmonic Abbr Inversion Of semitones O Unison PI Diminished second dm 1 Lima second mi Augmented unison augl M7 2 LMaior second M2 Diminished third dm mt 3 Minor third m3__ Augmented second _ aug2 8 Minor sixth m6__ Augmented fifth 9 Major sixth M6_ Diminished seventh Augmented sixth ID Octave PR Augmented seventh aug7 Confused It gets even worse but do not worry we will keep it simple The name of an interval cannot in general be determi
83. lication starts initializing by loading images and sounds Listening Singing Teacher 20 Ae listening singing teacher Listening Singing Teacher Initialisation Loading Loading Loading Loading Loading Images Images Images Images Sounds Copyright www Version Listening Singing Teacher version 1 58 Intel 2012 04 18 13 25 50 Please wait The first time you start the application the following dialog appears parti partz parts part4 part lt AlgorithmsAndDatastructures com Control Exit Program First Time Use Initializing Please wait while I load pictures and sounds Listening Singing Teacher 21 First Time Use New User Set Teacher Admin Password the default Password is NoPassword hit Return to keep it geg emm Finish Initialisation quit Programm oi First Time Use Finish installation Please type your Name and press lt Return gt Il First you must enter a User Name The name must have at least 5 characters The name may consist of a First and Last Name separated by a blank or a comma Only the American Standard Characters are allowed If you do not like the default Admin Password NoPassword change it Please be aware that the password is case sensitive The password must have at least 5 characters If you forget or loose your password you must reinstall the application in order to be able to delete users If you are done click Go
84. lity or otherwise Some countries or states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties In this case you are not entitled to use this software if you can see yourself doing a dispute in such a matter If you order from such a country or state the payment will be regarded as an unconditional donation The reception of a serial number does not imply any grant of rights Limitation of lability Under no circumstances including negligence shall AlgorithmsAndDataStructures or its developers directors officers employees or affiliates be liable for any consequential incidental or indirect damages including damages for loss of business profits business interruption loss of business information and the like arising out of the use or inability to use the software You are also responsible for your health or other users health e g children of users using this software Regarding this software this means you are not allowed including but not limited to to stress your voice in such a way that damage to your voice or any other thing may occur Singing needs a lot of attention you should not be singing and doing an activity in parallel which may harm you or others e g driving a car needs your full attention Some jurisdictions do not allow these limitations or exclusions In this case you are not entitled to use this software if you can see yourself doing a dispute in such a matter If you order from such a country or state the payme
85. ll be reset to Intro Next to the SkipIntro buttons you see your personal high score and tessitura in which you reached that score for this lesson The scores are colored as follows blue You reached less than one third of the possible points green You reached the basic level yellow You reached more then two thirds of the possible points red You have more then 90 correct answers As an additional encouragement the highest score of competing players is included to the right In the navigation frame you find the PreviousPage and NextPage buttons which allow you to page through the lessons exercises Listening Singing Teacher 24 Lesson Selection Clicking on the Statistics button will bring you to the Statistics Section which is explained in a following chapter Statistics The first lesson entitled Introduction is different from all the following ones The next chapter presents the introduction lesson All other lesson choices will lead to the Exercise Option Dialog which is explained later on in the chapter Exercise Options Listening Singing Teacher 25 Introductory Lesson Introduction The introduction lesson is the only animated one and explains you how the program works ALO listening singing teacher introduction Welcome Learn how the program works Navigation Change Topic Quit Introduction After the welcome screen a microphone check is done
86. ll be used for the score table Depending on the exercise type the pitch rhythm or loudness score will be evaluated To the right in the top line you find the title of the exercise or song who has written the music and who was the text writer Below you see the zigzag line which shows the passing of the time in relation to the beat A beat starts when the line bounces on the top Right below you see the amplitude curve In this curve too soft sounds are depicted as a light purple bar sounds within the correct range are purple and sounds which are too loud are white In the same area and below you see the bars for the on beat exercises Blue bars mean you where too late yellow bars mean you were too early green bars tell you that you were within the limits A red and a light blue bar show you the correct beat which turned to a wrong beat red because Listening Singing Teacher 55 Statistics there was an after beat light blue before the next note started Since Randomly up three notes is a pitch exercise you can ignore the amplitude and on beat feedbacks Below is the main window On top of the main Window are the guitar chords not shown here The main window contains the usual music notation items like staffs clefs key signature time signature and of course the notes The blue notes are in the past the green note is the actual note and the grey notes are in the future Through the past and actual note you see
87. lso increase the trust in your own predictions Taking a real teacher If you like singing and good advice is worth something to you look for a real teacher You do not have to take a whole year course just negotiate to take a few hours and see how you can benefit from the feedback Listening Singing Teacher will not give you feedback on your posture breathing articulation dramaturgical performance and other things Listening Singing Teacher may even fail to recognize your pitch or may be too slow for fast music pieces Practice times We recommend that you always start with a warm up exercise like Scale one note at a time As with learning another language it is recommended that you make more short sessions than one long session We also suggest taking a break every 15 minutes or so thus your voice and ear can relax and your brain can work up the feedbacks It is also enriching your experience 1f you try a lesson in the morning then around mid day and finally in the evening You may find that your voice and your perceived recognition are different at different day times Singing and other activities Singing can be done with a lot of other activities e g showering hiking cooking etc However keep in mind that singing needs a lot of concentration You must prepare the next sound you want to sing in your head Then you must mechanically produce the real sound When Listening Singing Teacher 114 Tips on how to learn
88. lty level 4 What you see on What you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff accomplish get Only the first The first note of Repeat the first The pitches you Think in terms of note of the two the two note and build produced intervals the second anticipated note with your inner ear There is really no difference to the exercise in level 3 Except you will start to learn thinking in intervals because you do not see the second note displayed on the screen Instead you see a question mark Depending on the exercise you have to sing a specified interval up or down The advantage of thinking in intervals There are only 12 intervals to remember Intervals larger than an octave are called compound intervals Difficulty level 5 What you see on What you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff accomplish get The last notes to The last note of Build an The pitches you Produce the starting be sung the two anticipated note produced note yourself given with your inner the interval ear given the ending note of the interval Listening Singing Teacher 95 Statistics This exercise enforces the thinking in intervals because you have to feel or hear the starting note relative to the ending note Difficulty level 6 What you see on What you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff accomplish get The last note to A fixed reference Build an The pit
89. ms and conditions Music and Sounds Musical excerpts belong to their creators and are included in the product only for demonstrational and educational purposes You are not allowed to use these materials in any other way Sounds are either from MIDI or own recordings Applause sounds courtesy of J Fairba and Mike Koenig Images Images are creations of AlgorithmsAndDataStructures and may be based on freely available images on the Internet which are believed to be in the public domain However the arts created Listening Singing Teacher 127 License Agreement by AlgorithmsAndDataStructures e g Felix the cat in the Banner may not be used outside this context Warranty disclaimer Software development is a very complex matter and the environments in which the software can be running are endless and sometimes not fully imaginable in advance by the creators Therefore this software is provided AS IS and with all faults You expressly acknowledge and agree that the use of software from AlgorithmsAndDataStructures is at your sole risk AlgorithmsAndDataStructures expressly disclaims all warranties and or conditions express or implied including but not limited to merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose regarding the software AlgorithmsAndDataStructures does not warrant guarantee or make any representations regarding the use or the results of the use of the software in terms of its correctness accuracy reliabi
90. n also determine the starting pitch and calculate the number of spaces and lines between the notes in your head Ear training exercises Listening Singing Teacher has a very simple approach See the note on the staff listen to the note sing the note get guidance where to go For ear training the step listen to the note gets replaced by listen to a reference note And the step sing the note gets build an anticipated note with your inner ear and sing the note The feedback shows you where you went and where you should have gone The following tables show the slow rise of difficulty level and what you learn during the process interval sample shown second going up from Fa F to So G Difficulty level 1 What you see on What you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff accomplish get The note to be The note to be Repeat the note The pitch you Get control over your sung sung you just heard produced in voice relation to the target note This level corresponds to the lesson 2 You see and hear one note and you try to match ist pitch If you have difficulties to match the pitch you can choose the option that the computer should wait until you match the note As a guidance you always see where your pitch is and where your pitch should be Listening Singing Teacher 93 Statistics Difficulty level 2 What you see on EE you hear What you try to Feedback you What you learn the staff ei
91. ned by counting semitones alone For example there are four semitones between B and E however this interval is a diminished fourth rather than a major third The interval between B and Eb is by definition a fourth since it contains 2 lines and 2 spaces a relatively rare interval and one which does not appear naturally as part of the Harmonic minor scale In Equal temperament as on a piano these intervals are indistinguishable by sound but the Diaotonic function ofthe notes incorporated might be very different Listening Singing Teacher 92 Statistics To keep it simple the following ear training lessons stick to the number of halfsteps Your task will be to sing a note for example four halfsteps lower than the starting note which is the same as to sing a diminished fourth or a major third lower Since the sounds are indistinguishable on a piano we simply stick with the number of halfsteps at least in the beginning instead of the musical terms which only add an additional obstacle by the different names What we will learn is to recognize the number of semitones between two notes And yes if you have mastered that you can be proud since you can recognize the number of semitones between notes your ear has done a perfect job The naming is just a little bit more complicated and depends on the starting note So do not yet bet on the correct naming of the interval but on the number of semitones between the notes Unless of course you ca
92. ng the exercise since this may lead to a worse pitch recognition Again for training purposes you may choose different options from the Exercise Options E g you may slow down the song or let Felix do the counting in the head for you When replaying the exercise you may choose play Accompaniment to hear your voice in another surrounding If you have headphones it may be easier for you to sing along the accompaniment than to sing a solo session Listening Singing Teacher 66 Statistics Quarter Rests No sound in music is also a great way to deliver a rhythm feeling Although rests are silent you have to honor them The beat continues at a steady pace so you must keep on counting The symbol for a quarter rest is as follows The quarter rest has the same duration as the quarter note But instead of making a sound you must be quiet This is not always easy as you will see in this exercise Don t let you fool to clap when a rest is shown In the rhythm feedback section a silent note will also be shown as a green bar like a good note Too early and too late clapping will also be shown in the appropriate color but in this case the message is you should not have clapped at all Clapping at the time due for a rest will be counted as an error and be shown as an orange bar Notes shorter than a beat To depict notes shorter than a beat flags get added to the stem An eighth note has one flag The duration of an
93. nge will get our attention and steadiness gives us a secure feeling that everything is okay The most common tempo markings are summarized in the following table Listening Singing Teacher 59 Statistics i listening singing teacher introduction Tempo Markings Beats per minute more than 200bpm 168 200 bpm 140_bpm 120 139 bpm 112 124 bpm 101 110 bpm 76 108 bpm 70 80 bpm slow and stately literally at ease 66 76 bpm 60 66 bpm 40 60 bpm 40 60 bpm 20 40 bpm 20 bpm and below So listen carefully and try to remember the tempo marking that goes along the demonstration Learn how the program works Navigation Listening Singing Teacher allows you to set the tempo for the exercises Use this option to slow down an exercise Listening Singing Teacher 60 Statistics Note Length In this animated lesson the different note symbols and their relative duration against a beat is introduced In the picture below the relative duration of the note symbols 1s graphically depicted wel se listening singing teacher Demo Sixteenth Note Demo Count OFF CP e es eee A Ee DE Zeg ent sl Weg See ey Sy ey ees T Ks i a gs go igs Fee ee Ee Ee 3 1 e a 2 e a 3 e a 4 e a 14 e Get in Sync with the beat Navigation Change Topic Quit Introduction In this lesson you also will learn how to count rhythm Listening Singing Teacher 61 Statis
94. nstaller ZE Open AL License Creative Labs Inc is providing you with this OpenAL32 dll installer and other OpenAL files Software You may use and freely integrate with your software applications and distribute such throughout the world at no cost or further obligation to Creative NO WARRANTY ANY USE BY YOU OF THE SOFTWARE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED FOR USE AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW CREATIVE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING Cancel OK Click OKT if you not already have installed OpenAL The OpenAL Installer informs you about the installation OpenAL Installer Message Installation complete Finally the installtion is finished Listening Singing Teacher 16 Installation iy ListeningSinging leacher ListeningSinging l eacher Information Thank you for trying Listening Singing Teacher Important QuickTime If it 1s not already installed on your machine you must download and install QuickTime from the apple site www apple cony auicktime download Browse through the ReadMe file and then click Next Listening Singing Teacher 17 Installation CG ListeningSinging eacher Installation Complete ListeningSingingT eacher has been successfully installed Click Close to exit Click Close On the Desktop you should find a Shortcut to ListeningSingingTeacher
95. nt will be regarded as an unconditional donation The reception of a serial number does not imply any grant of rights Return Policy In case you purchased the product by an error you can return the product within 30 days from the purchase date In this case a restocking fee will be applied to recover all the costs we and our resellers have to bear Listening Singing Teacher 128 License Agreement If you have ordered an eCD remember that the CD cost is nonrefundable If you receive a CD that is damaged or defective it will be replaced at no charge Privacy Policy We do not collect personal information for any purpose other than to respond to you and for legal purposes e g proof of sale purchase We do not get credit card or other payment account information of customers from our resellers which do the financial transactions for us We will not share or sell the information you give us unless required by law Controlling law and severability This license shall be governed by the laws of Switzerland and the Kanton Baselland Place of jurisdiction Liestal BL Switzerland In case of a dispute the German version of this license is significant This license constitutes the entire agreement between the parties This license text is version 1 6 and is effective as of February 16 2013 Newer versions of the documentation and software may have a different license agreement In this case this version is not applicable to versions
96. o early the yellow feedback bar too early will occur of course in the zigzag line before the gap The barely visible bars are just a help for you to better see the beat starts In the exercise options menu you can choose Rhythm click voice from the Beat Clicks drop down menu Then Felix will count aloud In contrast to the kicking of the baton Felix will also count softly the numbers which are brown If the exercise is too fast or too slow for you you may change the tempo in the Exercise Options menu A lower value slows down the beat a higher value makes it faster Randomly up three notes This is again a pitch exercise In this lesson you listen first to three notes before it is your turn to start singing This means you have to remember three notes This helps you to develop your aural memory Mary had a little lamb Now it is time to combine our skills and to try our first song Here we will use real words instead of solfege syllables If you find it difficult to sing some vowels with the right pitch but you have mastered the singing with solfege syllables you can sing of course the solfege syllables instead of the words Anyway it may be a good practice session to go back to the simple scale lesson and instead of singing syllables always sing the same vowel e g ui To make a lot of points you should hold the note as long as the note 1s While you sing do the counting in your head but do not clap duri
97. oducing them yourself By going through the above process by singing you will get the feeling for the music in your ears much faster and deeper than by practicing an abstract instrument That is because the instrument is not part of your body but your voice is Listening Singing Teacher 98 Statistics One warning To accomplish all 72 ear training exercises you should have a vocal range of 3 octaves So if a note is too low or too high for you do not force your voice to sing that note Just leave it out Do you have after these exercises absolute pitch Unfortunately no But you are very close Let us assume you are a soprano After this method you will easily identify the notes in the soprano range because you trained them and your inner ear But if you hear a low bass note you wont probably be able to name the correct note since the interval is probably two and a half octaves away from your reference ear However you can train this too by making your own exercises Make an exercise where the random reference note is defined to be in the bass range So you still sing in the soprano range you will learn the big intervals and be able to name the bass notes after a while Listening Singing Teacher 99 Statistics Sing your Favorite Song Import MIDI Files Of course any kind of exercise can get quite boring if you have to do it over and over again and do not seem to make progress To break this situation and get new motivation try to
98. om note to note or intervals will stay the same If you are a natural talent and sing with the exact pitches of the overtones instead of the tempered scale s pitches even better The program will accept differences up to the set Pitch Sensitively level as correct which is by default above those small differences After we have constructed our scale let us look at the frequencies standard tempered frequencies Solfege Note Frequency Growth factor from previous Note Name frequency Do LO 523 2513 105946309 Do Lo 26162557 S You have to read this table from the bottom lower Do to the higher Do Since the intervals are more important than the absolute pitches we take a closer look at the change of the frequency from one note to the next higher Because the perception of sound is logarithmic we do not look at the simple difference but on the growth factor of the frequency Logarithmic because 1f you assume that the low Al with 55 Hz has some similar characteristics with the higher A2 110 Hz and this again has some similarities with the even higher A3 220 Hz and A4 440 Hz and so on then you see that the frequencies get doubled and not just added see before physics of strings The growth factor is the frequency of the note divided by the frequency of the previous note e g for Re it is 293 66477 261 62557 1 12246204 Interesting we see that the factor for almost all notes 1s 1 122462 Two notes hav
99. ormances gt Your Standard deviation This is the calculated standard deviation The smaller this number the less does your pitch over all observations deviate from the defined frequency gt Graphical Display of the mean and standard deviation This column shows you graphically your mean pitch and variation around the pitch in relation to the real frequency Listening Singing Teacher 103 Statistics The on Beat statistics window looks like this User Test User Tessitura high Note Statistics o After Notes NoteDuration NotePresentations Hits Maximas taken Mean Std Sixteenth 0 0 0 0 n a n a eighth 54 ep 0 54 76 28 dottedeigth 0 0 0 0 n a n a quarter 100 95 4 98 A 61 quarterAndsixteenth 0 0 0 0 n a n a dottedQuarter 0 0 0 0 n a n a dottedQuarterAndSixteenth a 0 0 0 n a n a HalfNote 42 SR 0 38 3 BY 83 HalfnoteAndsixteenth 0 0 0 0 n a n a HalfNoteAndEigth 0 0 0 0 n a n a HalfNoteAndDottedEigth 0 0 0 0 n a n a dottedHalfNote 0 0 Q 0 n a n a dottedHalfnote ndSixteenth 0 0 0 0 n a n a dottedHalfNoteAndEigsth 0 0 0 0 n a n a dottedHalfNoteAnddottedEisth 0 0 0 0 n a n a wholeNote 2 4 0 2 GE 48 Navigation Recognize Trends Change Page Quit Statistcs There are eight columns gt gt gt gt Note or Rest Duration Note or rest length to which the line relates Note Presentations Tells you how many times the specified length was presented to you in a rhythm exer
100. overned by this License other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below Listening Singing Teacher 123 License Agreement An Application is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library but which is not otherwise based on the Library Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of uSing an interface provided by the Library A Combined Work is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the Linked Version The Minimal Corresponding Source for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that considered in isolation are based on the Application and not on the Linked Version The Corresponding Application Code for a Combined Work means the object code and or source code for the Application including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work 1 Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL 2 Conveying Modified Versions If you modify a copy of the Library and in your modifications a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Ap
101. plication that uses the facility other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked then you may convey a copy of the modified version a under this License provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that in the event an Application does not supply the function or data the facility still operates and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful or b under the GNU GPL with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy 3 Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library You may convey such object code under terms of your choice provided that if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters data structure layouts and accessors or small macros inline functions and templates ten or fewer lines in length you do both of the following a Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License Listening Singing Teacher 124 License Agreement b Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document 4 Combined Works You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that taken together effectively do not restrict modification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work
102. ponding scales Key signatures Well we will do some more theory just to be sure you did not over read the above sentence The Dorian mode keeps the locations of the whole and half steps of the C Major scale but starts from a different degree Why did I say degree and not fundamental Let us go back to the theory of strings If we construct a scale and take the Re as our starting string length then Re is our fundamental If we construct our prevailing overtones we will get the following scale Note Bel Mi af ti Di Distance Step Step pe Step Step Step ait in steps Step Step Which looks quite different than the Dorian mode of the above C Major scale which has a tonic of Re This one has a fundamental of Re So do not confuse tonic and fundamental The construction of the prevailing notes will always give us the same distances of the steps This behavior is founded in the nature of physics As you can see the half steps are on the locations between the third and fourth note and between the seventh and eighth note But to depict the scale we must use two sharps In this case we have constructed the D Major scale The D Major scale has the Re as the fundamental note If the conductor starts a song from a different note than usual lets say from D Re instead of C Do then he changes the key signature and not the mode All the distances of the pitches intervals will stay the same A
103. port laws You are not allowed to disassemble decompile unlock reverse engineer or in any manner decode the software CD Delivery When ordering the product you may be presented with an eCD option This option allows you to order a physical CD with the download item on the CD This service is provided to you by esellerate Lincoln Nebraka 68507 The version on the CD may differ from the trial version you may have downloaded In case you have downloaded the trial version some time ago it may be a newer version or in rare cases it may be an older version check the version numbers Listening Singing Teacher 121 License Agreement The CD cost is nonrefundable If you receive a CD that is damaged or defective it will be replaced at no charge Copyright The license issuer AlgorithmsAndDataStructures owns this software documentation and any accompanying files You are not allowed to redistribute this software documentation or any accompanying files You are allowed to make personal copies for your own use only You may make copies for backup and archival purposes provided that the original and each copy are kept in your possession Web Sites are allowed to make links to the owner s site e g direct download links to the author s site If you have a valid license then you may install and use the software on any computer owned by you presumed that the license transfer process works However you have no claim that su
104. rantee that the server from where you download the software has not been hacked or that during the transmission no manipulations were made Do I have to be online to use the software No You only have to be online for the download and the activation of the serial number Microphone Input level too low distortion or audio device not supported Macintosh In the applications Utility Folder open Audio Midi Setup and Select the Audio Devices Tab From the Default Input Drop down Menu choose your microphone and in the Properties For also choose your microphone see below Drag the slider on the bottom of Audio Input to the right Also make sure that the selected format is 44100 0 HZ and one channel 16 bit 1ch 16bit Listening Singing Teacher ie FAQ Other audio applications e g GarageBand may reset the input level the frequency or the 16bit setting to 8bit Be sure to check and set the following settings correctly Audio MIDI Setup Audio Devices MIDI Devices System Settings Default Input db iMic USB audio system lt Default Output Built in Audio q System Output Built in Audio 4 Properties For P iMic USB audio system lt GI Clock Source Default Configure Speakers Audio Input Audio Output Source Source Format 44100 0Hz sl Ich 16bit Format 44100 0Hz sl 2ch l6bit Ch Volume Slider Value dB Mute Thr
105. revious measure gets emphasized The next measure then continues with an offbeat quarter which is emphasized only by the offbeat position To get the maximum of points hold the offbeat quarter as long as you should namely a quarter You should practice this exercise until the rhythm of the offbeat goes into your blood Don t be satisfied with a few points Repeat the exercise until you get enough points and you can hear and drum the accentuations by heart Listening Singing Teacher 82 Statistics Triplets John Smith A last music concept will be introduced in this lesson Triplets Triplets have three notes with the same duration but you do not play them as long as they should be played namely three times the duration of one note Instead Triplets are played in the time of the duration of two notes So for example a triplet of three eight notes is played in the time of two eighth notes Tick i ty Tack e ty Tick i ty Tack e ty Tack Tack st t l 2 t l 4 t 1 2 t 1 1 2 You can recognize a triplet by the 3 above the beam Beware that a measure in the above example has the length of only two quarter notes or four eighth notes You count the triplets as follows One trip let Two trip let and so on Be aware that this song has a key signature with raises all Fa s to Fi s Going up with first note only In this exercise you only hear the first note of the exercise You must construct the other notes with yo
106. roductory Lesson Sounds and Audio Devices Properties Volume Sounds Audio Voice Hardware Sound playback Default device fin Intel Integrated A Audio ze Sound recording Default device T Intett IntegratedAudo O Volume Advanced MIDI music playback Default device cl M Microsoft GS Wavetable SW Synth See Use only default devices If you have several Sound recording devices choose the device where your microphone is connected as the default device Click Volume The following window appears Listening Singing Teacher 33 li Recording Control Options Help CD Audio Line In Balance Balance p Ab 2 Volume Volume Select L Select Inter Integrated Audio Introductory Lesson Microphone Balance p Volume L Select Select only the Microphone channel and set the volume to high This might be too high To check the volume and the quality of th recording possibilities start the Sound Recorder Keep the Recording Control window open so that you can adjust the volume in the Sound Recorder Click On Start gt All Programs gt Accessories gt Entertainment gt Sound Recorder Listening Singing Teacher 34 ei t Interne e Eet ef Felix Rudi Internet Internet Explorer WW Set Program Access and Defaults W Windows Catalog Si Windows Update TH G
107. rossrrorserossrrosseroseersetesseereseresssersseresseerss 93 PCO E 93 Bro te ie EE EE 94 PTET LY CVU a ntact ee sos ates as at ue cae 94 Dinicu LS EE 95 Difficulty level r 95 B YW ie cl epee eee eee rr Nn ee oo 96 PETC ULC Vly DEE 96 IR e ie 97 Piecu eege 97 EEN 98 Sing your Favorite Song Import MIDI Fues 100 Eege 102 IK Ee E 105 EE ge EE 107 EE caren Ronee en eRe nen nnn ee Er renee EEE oT ee MEE Tere or cnn ten Te erent nee erent terre creer 107 ABCC ROS EE 108 EE EE 108 AccOompantment md 111 SPIE SOUNE EE 111 MEET 111 Listening Singing Teacher 2 Welcome Tips on How to Learn to Sing with Listening Singing Teacher 112 EEN 112 Breathing and EECHELEN eege beet AAE S 112 Eisterand Compare EEN 112 Ire ere ie wit Ee 112 Microphone SeH Ee 113 teen EE 113 Recognize trends 1 vour voice 113 EEN 113 ADSOIMLE Fat OF PCTICCL PICA EE 113 Taking a real teacher 114 Prc TEETE eege 114 SMe a ONE A V ES eegene eege 114 Makine CiClaOm exer CSES ar ae E A O EEA A TE 115 FAO 116 NV AE COP SeUTOr LCs a yie eege EENEG 116 What happens if I do not register after 10 hours 116 en NIE Ee EEN 116 Can I print The statistics OF SONGS 7 i isecn01sdsaeredteancdaatboneced averhe ecdngesdanaeeedbedgund dacestudvendeees 117 Why this fancy licensing terms like the use of software is all at your sole risk 117 Dol have to be online touse The BEE Tee enee Eegen 117 Microphone Input level too low distortion or
108. ry it is a very useful tool Listening Singing Teacher is aimed for beginners therefore it starts with fixed Do The teacher first sings the note then it is your turn to repeat the note This exercise has the option Wait Till Hit set This option waits for you until you match the pitch Sing the note and look for the pitch curve If the curve is blue and below the red dot in the note try to go higher If the line is yellow try to go lower by relaxing your voice If you still cannot match the note do not try too long just press the button Skip The program will advance to the next note If you are constantly too low go back to the Select User screen and change your tessitura to medium or low In this first exercise every note you hit will give you 10 points In this way if you never have to press skip you will get 80 points the maximum possible If you have difficulties do not try too long over time you will see that you gain better control over your voice You will be able to direct you voice up and down at your will At this time you will also see your lower and upper limit do not rush to push this limits Go slowly stay in your comfortable range for all exercises If necessary adjust the pitch with the transpose option or select another tessitura Another option is to have the teacher sing along with you To enable this option choose Male from the SongPart Voice dropdown menu With this option enabled the
109. s of notes which all are a half step apart The newly introduced notes just have an 1 at the end The whole scale with all the half steps reads then like this the new notes are fat Do Di Re Ri Mi Fa Fi So Si La Li Ti Do Now there are twelve notes But how do we put them on our staff The normal notes already occupy the lines and spaces The musicians have created three symbols to deal with the half steps they are called accidentals Sharp Flat Neutral The sharp raises the notes on the line or space where it is placed by a half step The flat lowers the notes on the line or space where it 1s placed by a half step The neutral cancels the above symbols so the notes on a line or in a space have the original value again Listening Singing Teacher will always except neutral place the symbols in front of the notes so you do not have to remember that this line or space was raised or lowered Vice versa if there 1s no symbol in front of a note the standard value should be taken However there is an exception Listening Singing Teacher will not place an accidental in front of a note if the Key Signature contains sharps or flats Key Signature will be discussed later Listening Singing Teacher 73 Statistics In addition to the accidentals Listening Singing Teacher will show you the pitch which you must sing in a form of a red dot If the note is raised or lowered with an accidental the red dot will no more be in
110. sable What happens if I do not register after 10 hours Nothing You break the rules Please be fair a singing lesson of an hour with a real teacher costs approximately the same as the license for this program Of course a real teacher can get you additional important feedback on your posture the breathing and other things so you cannot compare the two approaches with each other Many people will try this program for free and they are allowed to do so for ten hours If you still use the program after ten hours it seems that the software 1s useful to you therefore paying 1s only fair Where do I get support There is no telephone support hotline However we are interested in improving the product If you find errors or experience program crashes let us know Tell us also about documentation errors sound errors or any other improvement possibilities of the program If the program stops unexpectedly see in the system console log for error messages If the problem can be documented by the recording export the recording and send the recording along with an error description Check 1f you can download a newer version with the same major version number If so back up your old version before installing the newer version and try to reproduce the error If you get no or a wrong pitch responses from the program please check in the replay mode what was recorded If nothing gets recorded check the sound control panel if the default input dev
111. se Score Your Score for this Exercise 204 Fvaluation You set a new HighScore Excellent Screaming and jumping You updated your personalHighScore from O to 204 Congratulations Control Continue with replay Choose new Lesson Check Your Progress The red number in the middle of the screen shows you the score for this exercise Below you see your previous high score and the evaluation from Felix In the Control area you can either continue and replay your exercise or go directly to the Select Lesson dialog Listening Singing Teacher 53 Replay Options Replay Options After the exercise you have the chance to rehear your performance OO Exercise Title Lessont Replay Overview You may listen to your exercise as many times as you wish By changing the sensitivity option you can see the score at that setting Replay Options Rhythm Kick Blind Exercise CountOfFf Pitch Sensitivity Beat Accuracy listening singing teacher Exercise Type Notedk Display Options Pitch progression Pitch with AmplitudeEnvelope Amplitude Progression gt lt OHBESG Ka E EE E gt lt Counting Hints Sound Options SsongPart Voice Play GuitarChords Peet Soke EE moClicks Play Accompaignment Control Replay Exercise Exit Replay Recording The options are almost the same as in the exercise options dialog To set different options makes sense in th
112. se of this program is to learn to sing and not to extend your voice range Accept your limits Most hit songs do not ask for a super soprano voice Singing should be fun and not a stressful activity Pushing the limits down This is a similar exercise as the previous one but goes down instead of up Here the physical limitations are even more restricting than with the up going exercise This is because the upper notes you sing with a head voice and the lower notes come from the belly If you are completely relaxed when you sing the lowest note you can sing then this is your limit Up from a reference note This is a simple exercise which trains your relative ear By not giving the first note as a reference but always the reference note La you must prepare your voice with your inner ear to start relative to this reference note Again you can apply this mode to other exercises by choosing Assistance Voice ReferenceNote To make this exercise even more challenging you can transpose the scale In this way you get different starting pitches Down from a random reference note This exercise 1s the same as the above exercise but does give you an arbitrary note as a reference You see and hear the random refernce note before you start singing the note you should sing This exercise forces you to recognize the note and then internally calculate the relative distance to your note not always from a fixed reference note b
113. se you only have to count one two three one two three and emphasize the one In the above screenshot all amplitudes were correct they are all drawn purple You can see that the emphasized notes have larger bars Incorrect levels get drawn with other colors When you are done with this practice session Felix continues with a short explanation of characteristics of instruments In the next exercise your ear is challenged Your task is to find out which instrument plays the melody of the famous song My Bonne Listen carefully the guitar and the piano version sound similar since both instruments produce a sound by bringing a string in vibration Listening Singing Teacher 45 Introductory Lesson listening singing teacher Scores On Beat Note ok Loudness PICCHI Exercise Which instrument plays the melody Which button plays the melody Navigation tw J Change Topic Quit Introduction amp After the introduction to the instruments there is a short recapitulation of the introduced symbols and their relation to music notation Listening Singing Teacher 46 Introductory Lesson ALO listening singing teacher Introduction Music notation Accents to emphasize a note J e Loudness Note ok LGC 4 EE Ee kel EE ge K b SI H a L Be Ze EE KH KE e See Treble and Bass Clef Ledgerlines Quarter Notes My Bon nie is ES ver the o ce
114. syllable for different pitches This lies in the relationship to the nature Nature is build upon the laws of physics If you do not like physics just skip the theoretical part of this section If you take a string which is fixed at the two end points tear the string in the middle and let go then the string starts to swing and make a sound Listening Singing Teacher 69 Statistics S 4 4 H d d d String pulled swinging The string will swing in its natural frequency this is called the fundamental frequency Since the string is only fixed at the two ends the string may also swing at double the frequency of the fundamental frequency Le 4 d d freedom swinging with the same sound can be produced with a string which has half of form double the the length of the original frequency This is then called an overtone So if you cut the string length into half the new fundamental of the shorter string is double the frequency of the longer string In this way we get the low Do and the high Do We can repeat this step in both directions we can either half the new shorter string to get to the next higher Do or we can double the length of the original string to get to previous lower Do So this explains the Dose But what about the notes in between Again let us look at the string and see what happens if the string vibrates with a third of its length The string can do this because he is only fixed
115. t a more comfortable feeling when you do the actual performance AS a separate exercise vary the tempo and enjoy the accompaniment along your singing Up range 5 one note This should be an easy exercise we go up randomly the scale in the range of five notes This exercise 1S a preparation for the next exercise Up range 5 five notes Now we build upon your aural memory You have to remember five notes at a time As before first listen and try to memorize the notes and then sing them London bridge A simple version of the song London bridge Up range 8 one note This exercise presents you randomly the notes from the whole octave lower Do to higher Do Try to match them Always start from Do The difference in pitch between two notes is referred to as an interval If the two notes are played simultaneously the interval is a harmonic interval If the notes are played one after the other then we speak of a melodic interval In this exercise two notes get presented in sequence the first is always the lower Do The second note makes the interval Listening Singing Teacher 68 Statistics The intervals are named for the number of staff lines and spaces they include For the names see the text under the picture below q o Sy E a ees Se o Gr EE rm a Le GR o oO oO O oO lt gt lt gt K Do Do Do Re Do Mi Do Fa Do So Do La Do Ti Do Do gt o r lt gt 4 lt gt lt gt lt
116. tal signature yet If you do not trust us click Don t Run otherwise click Run to continue the installation The Setup Wizard Window opens Listening Singing Teacher 10 Installation iy ListeningSinging eacher Welcome to the ListeningSingingleacher Setup Wizard The installer will guide you through the steps required to install ListeningSingingT eacher on your computer WARNING This computer program is protected by copyright law and international treaties Unauthorized duplication or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil or criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the maximum extent possible under the law Click Next The License Agreement appears Listening Singing Teacher 11 Installation GG Liste ningSinging leacher License Agreement Please take a moment to read the license agreement now If you accept the terms below click I Agree then Next Otherwise click Cancel License Agreement License The software the documentation and any accompanying files are licensed to you by Algorithms AndDataStructures FRudin Hombergweg 3 CH 4433 Ramlnsburg Switzerland I Do Not Agree Agree Reading the License Agreement and the Copyright before installing is a good practice Click I agree if you agree with our License Agreement The Select Installation Folder dialog appears By default the application will be installed under
117. tch to your needs It is also a good exercise to practice songs in different pitches since for example happy birthday may be sung in a different key than the standard key depending on the group of people in which you are gt Pitch Sensitivity Pitch Sensitivity allows you to be more precise on the pitch before the program will accept a pitch as correct gt Beat Accuracy This field is similar to the pitch sensitivity but works on the beat precision On the right hand side of the window you find on the top some display options gt Pitch Progression Pitch Progression shows the recognized pitch as a line gt Pitch with Amplitude Envelope Listening Singing Teacher 50 Exercise Options In addition to the Pitch Progression the loudness of the sound will be shown as a envelope curve Amplitude Progression This toggle button allows you to turn the display of the Amplitude progression on or off OnBeat Hints OnBeat Hints shows you the calculated difference of the recognized and expected kick with a colored bar yellow too early green within range dark blue too late Counting Hints The counting hints are displayed below the lyrics and help you to learn to count rhythm Scope The scope shows the waveform from the input device FelixTheCat If you do not like me here is the possibility to turn me off Just kidding Turning off display features saves computing time and is recommended if you have a really slow processor A B amp W G3 may
118. tics AOE listening singing teacher introduction Counting OldMcDonalds Here a chick there a S E SS RM e Or we may end up with the same problem of clapping when we should not Learn how the program works Navigation Below the lyrics you see find the counting hints Every note which falls on a beat gets a number Eighth notes get an and here depicted as a plus and should only be counted when they are necessary Listening Singing Teacher 62 Statistics Notes longer than a beat This is a rhythm exercise We will learn to count notes longer than a quarter note A note which is double as long as a quarter note is called a half note The symbol of a half note consists of a so called empty note head and a stem and looks like this Duration A half note has the duration of two quarter notes Duration If there are quarter notes you would sing La La If there is a half note you sing just one La but twice as long The symbol for notes which take a whole measure that is four quarters is called a whole note The symbol looks like this Listening Singing Teacher 63 Statistics Duration The whole note has the duration of two half notes Duration or the duration of four quarter notes Duration Your task is to clap your hands when Felix strikes his baton Please do not sing during rhythm exercises since this may lead to so called after beats This is when a nois
119. tones which are less than a step apart And thus leaves only five notes Hence it is called a Pentatonic Scale penta is from the Greek and means five The Pentatonic Scale in C Major looks like this Note E E E Note Do 1 1 2 Kei in steps Note that the distance between M1 and So is one and a half step The same is true for La and Do Modes As you can guess from the word C Major there is also a C Minor A mode is just an arrangement of notes in a specific pattern of whole steps and half steps If we start our eight note scale from Re to Re the arrangement of the whole and half steps is different The first half step is no more between the third and fourth note but already between the second and third Note Note Re ta pt Sen Sent Ses ri sien in steps Step Step Listening Singing Teacher 87 Statistics This mode 1s called the Dorian mode It keeps the locations of the whole and half steps of the C Major but is starts from a different degree As you can imagine there are many possibilities you can even change the locations of the whole and half steps which gives us even more possibilities All scales have specific names The main purpose of this program is to give you feedback on where you stand Therefore we will not go deeper in this theory Add ons or later versions of Listening Singing Teacher may contain exercises which train your ear to hear the modes and name the corres
120. u Ch Volume Slider Value dB Mute M n a i a M ija nid L e emm 0 328 2100 Le O90 3 00 2 eer 0 90 3 00 Microphone Input level too low distortion or audio device not supported Windows Be sure to have stepped through the Problem Solving Windows paragraph in the Introductory Lesson chapter Set the volume for the microphone to the maximum Listening Singing Teacher 118 FAQ ii Recording Control Options Help CD Audio Line In Microphone Balance Balance Balance Volume Volume Volume L Select Select Select Inter Integrated Audio Also make sure that the Format is set to 44 100 kHz and 16 Bit Mono Make a Test Recording with the Sound Recorder Click On Start gt All Programs gt Accessories gt Entertainment gt Sound Recorder Listening Singing Teacher 119 FAQ v Cessna Casma Nenas dae Properties for Sound Details on Copyright No TIET Length 0 00 3 E unttled Save As Data Size 0 byte PCM Audio Format PCM Format r j romat Conversion d n Choose rom Recording fo 8 000 kHz 8 Be pane Altnbutes tS Listening Singing Teacher 120 License Agreement License Agreement License The software the documentation and any accompanying files are licensed to you by AlgorithmsAndDataStructures F Rudin Hombergweg 3 CH 4433 Ramlinsburg Swit
121. ur mental ear from memory You can also use this technique in previous exercises to train your memorizing In the Exercise Options choose FirstNoteOnly from the Assitance Voice Menu Going down with first note only This is like the previous exercise but you have to construct the notes going down Which is harder because we usually did the exercises going up Pushing the limits up In this exercise you start from a low note and then go up to the highest Do You do this slowly that is you go up the scale with three notes before going up to the next higher three notes Set the option Repeat on Miss so you can repeat the exercise with the notes with which you have difficulties Do not stress your voice If you cannot reach a note do not force you to try and try Stop the Listening Singing Teacher 83 Statistics exercise after a few misses Only go to the note which you can reach sometimes and sometimes not With this exercise you should be able to reach the note more often and eventually you can always reach the note Keep in mind that physical limitations do not allow all people to sing all notes It is very unlikely that your voice spans four octaves It is like with to do the splits you have to start training early in your childhood but even then as you grow things may change If you seriously want to increase your voice range consult a real teacher Do not abuse your voice with this program The main purpo
122. ust make hardcopies of the windows use the application grab from the utilities folder The songs and exercises may be printed from other applications which can read abc music notation The songs can be found in the lessons directories right click the application icon and choose Show Package Contents In the new window navigate to Contents and Resources and then double click on the desired lesson folder Why this fancy licensing terms like the use of software is all at your sole risk In today s modern world where everybody can sue everybody for everything one has to be cautious Assume you are a super soprano and you can break glassware just by singing Please do not blame Listening Singing Teacher for such achievements we are not willing to pay for that Even worse if you are a bass singer which could destroy Jericho hopefully you do not live in New York You get the idea Software is very complex and computers are configured in different ways and maybe have some problems on there own it may even be important in which order you installed software we cannot predict the behavior of the program Therefore the risks to download install or run the software is all at your risk If you are very insecure and think if you stay at home all the time then you are safe okay If you fear that this software can destroy your computer or data on your computer do not download install or run this software We really cannot gua
123. ut from a variable reference note To make this exercise even more challenging you can choose RandomRefNote from the voice assistance menu should already be set and in the Count Off menu choose withRefNote In this way you will hear the random reference note during the first beats of the count off As soon as the exercise starts the random reference note will be displayed and you can compare the note displayed with the note you thought the random reference note is This 1s an excellent exercise to train the absolute pitch Listening Singing Teacher 84 Statistics He is a jolly good fellow For He s a Jolly Good Fellow is one of the most popular songs in the world The melody originates from that of the French song Marlbrough s en va t en guerre Source Wikipedia Listening Singing Teacher 85 Statistics Some more theory Congratulations By the time you came here you have learned to master your voice You know your voice range and you should be able to match any note in your voice range This is a good foundation You know that you can sing most of the songs and stay in tune However some songs do not live from sustained and correct pitches instead they whisper words or have a lot of vibrato in the notes or have a rough breathy and broken voice which make the songs interesting So there is no wrong pitch you have to make your audience curious so they listen to you But real sing
124. xercise and click Go The Exercise Title shows you the current lesson Listening Singing Teacher 48 Exercise Options The Exercise Type can be gt Pitch This type of exercise evaluates the pitch for a solfege exercise Rhythm This type of exercise evaluates the rhythm Song Is the same as a Pitch exercise but display the lyrics instead of solfege syllables Loudness This exercise type evaluates the loudness M V M In the Exercise Overview you can gt Listen Lets you listen to a prerecorded exercise gt Info Displays some background information about the exercise gt Go Start the exercise In the Exercise Options frame you find gt Note Assistance Note Assistance allows you to set the help you can get for the notes The possibilities are No Note No Assistance is given Whole Part The whole part will be played before the exercise starts FirstNote Only Only the first note of a part is played before the exercise starts Refernce Note a predefined reference note usually a 440 Hz is played before the exercise starts Random Reference Note A random note is displayed and played before the exercise starts gt Assistance Voice The Assistance Voice drop down menu lets you select the desired sound You may choose among Mute No sound will be played Flute the notes are played on a flute Male The notes are sung as solfege syllables Do Re Mi Female Not available yet
125. xercises set the input level as high as needed so you can sing comfortably without stressing your voice For On Beat exercises set the input level lower so you do not get unwanted after beats because of environmental noise Environment If possible take the computer to a room which 1s quiet Use a low noise computer Have as little as necessary electrical fields in the room e g turn your handy and other equipments off Long cables along the microphone cable can induce hearable disturbance by induction if during the replay when it should be silent there are hearable quirks and hissing then check the cabling the microphone and the connections Finally the room should have good fresh and tempered air Recognize trends in your voice Use the statistics to see if you have tendencies to sing some notes too high or too low Variety and confidence Make the exercises in different pitches and tempos This gives you the needed confidence to be able to perform correctly in different environments Absolute Ear or perfect pitch Singing is one of the key factors to get an absolute ear It makes sense that many people speak of the perfect pitch By singing you have to imagine with your mental ear how you will use your vocal body parts to produce the desired pitch You have no other reference than your body and mind By focusing on the parts which are responsible for the pitch your memory must recall earlier similar situations Everybody is
126. y going back to this dialog It has no effect on the recognition it only displays the notes in a range which is hopefully suitable for your voice If you your voice spawns a big range 3 Octaves or more you may go through the exercises in all tessitura modes If you want to delete a user you must enter the Admin Password and click Authorize Then click the Del Button next to the particular user you want to delete The registration process is explained in the last chapter For now just select your desired tessitura and then click your name Listening Singing Teacher 23 Lesson Selection Select Lesson Exercise After selecting your name the Select Lesson dialog will be presented listening singing teacher Select Lesson Exercise User Felix Tessitura high Lesson skipIntro PersonalScore Tessit HighScore Tessit Who Oo Ooo O OOO OQ D Navigate Options Show Exercise Options before starting the lesson Display Statistics Statist ITs eV SS eS eS Control Quit Program Change User J Select a lesson Tw d Tree In the Select Lesson frame you select the desired lesson exercise To the right of the lesson exercise buttons you find another button which allows you to skip the explanations given for a particular lesson exercise Clicking a button in the column SkipIntro will change the button to read Skip or if it is already on Skip it wi
127. zerland By installing the software you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement If you do not agree to the terms of this Agreement do not install the software and delete the files belonging to this software Permitted uses The license allows you to download install and use the software on a single computer You are allowed to use a limited only the first three lessons are available version of the software for ten hours actual usage time for testing and learning purposes free of charge After using the software 10 hours you must buy a serial number to be entitled to use this software further or else delete the software and all accompanying material and copies Payment permits continued use of this version of the installed software on this computer and access to all lessons There is no warranty on the software The tracking down of errors on other machines than ours is far too complicated If you discover a software fault please notify us Restrictions You are not allowed to redistribute rent lend or lease this software Purchase of a license restricts use to the computer you installed the software on If you sell or give away the computer the software is installed on you are required to remove the installed software from the computer prior to transfer of the computer to another person Remind you Part of the software is from esellerate MindVision Software USA which contains cryptographic code which is subject to ex

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