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Mechanical Safety Introduction

1. Simply stated an MSDS is to the chemicals and other products you use in your shop as the nutrition label is to the food you eat Material Safety Data Sheets Continued This course is not designed to tell you how to handle all of the many chemicals and ay a 4 ada TOG TEO supplies you may come in contact with in your job What we can tell you however is that F bai FAX 1 248 2 9 1599 all of the information you need to know is on the MSDS and that the MSDS should be Wg y easily accessible to you in your workplace We can also tell you that you need to ani iE 76T Ti a ee Peale Eek bee fleet ee n ini Pcie iat Know the names of the chemicals with which you work Know how to handle and store them safely Know how to handle them without risking potentially dangerous exposure to them Know what would happen to you if you were exposed to these chemicals Any worker who is not knowledgeable on these matters is putting themselves at risk of serious harm The Standard Format ANSI standard Z400 1 1998 Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Material Safety Data Sheets Preparation is the format that has become the voluntary standard used to construct MSDS s OSHA recommends that the ANSI format be used however they cannot require it without some changes being made to the federal regulations As of the writing of this course those changes had not yet taken place The Standard Format Continued Listed below are the 16
2. Mechanical Safety Fires repair industry you are at a high risk of being involved in a fire Will you be prepared if it happens to you High Risk Environment By its very nature an automotive repair facility represents a greater fire risk than many other types of businesses The primary reason for this is the high number of items considered flammables that are present in this environment The list includes Degreasing and cleaning solvents Stored paints and solvents Sprayed paints Glue Oxygen Acetylene Gasoline in caddy or portable container Gasoline in the cars Oil Gasoline in on site storage tanks Diesel fuel When you combine these flammable materials with the fact that much of the work that goes on in a repair facility involves hot metal sparks from grinding or even open flame from torches it s evident that a significant risk factor does exist Firefighting the Safest Option Fire jumps and moves from place to place quickly particularly in an environment where a lot of flammable materials are kept If a fire gets out of control the best thing you can do is get safely out of the building and advise others to do the same Being a hero may seem n g SEURS exciting but the very best outcome in a fire is when everybody in the building gets out PEE safely and without incident If a fire should break out in your building remember e Stay calm Panic can quickly become chaos and that s when people get hurt
3. e f your building is equipped with fire alarms pull the alarm If there are no fire alarms in a loud but calm voice yell fire and be sure that everyone has heard you e Walk quickly to the nearest exit Do not run Running leads to panic and to possible injury e Once you and everyone else are safely outside call the fire department What About Fire Extinguishers Most firefighting is best left to professionals but there are some small fires that can be handled with the company s portable fire extinguishers However you need to know exactly where in your shop the fire extinguishers are located If a fire breaks out you don t have time to think about where they might be located You need to instinctively go to where you know they are located The time difference involved between thinking you know and knowing for sure might represent the very small window of opportunity you have to fight the fire in house lt is also critical to understand that not all fire extinguishers are the same They are designed to handle different types of fires so it s very important to understand which extinguisher to use on what type of fire The wrong choice not only won t put out the fire but could make the fire worse Types of Fire Extinguishers You should know that fire extinguishers are rated to cover the following four fire ratings e Class A fires Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material such as wood paper cloth rubber and som
4. Mechanical Safety Introduction Learning Objectives e Define the expectations for the course e Understand why the government cares about safety e Recognize how your actions affect you AND your co workers Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Introduction No one wants to be hurt on the job nor do they want others to be hurt In an effort to prevent job related injuries or death federal laws require businesses and schools to train their employees and students on safety and pollution prevention issues That training is the purpose and reason for our course This course contains several modules each one addressing a different topic Each is different in length and for most people each can be read relatively quickly The modules discuss safety and pollution prevention practices that are important in your industry At the beginning of each are objectives outlining what will be learned in that module You may leave and return to a module at any time After reading all the modules you will take a final exam that will test your knowledge of the materials For the final exam Read all modules before taking the final You must correctly answer 80 percent of the questions to pass You will have five attempts to pass the course After passing the final you can print a certificate of completion Mechanical Repair and Safety The CCAR Safety Training is designed to provide information that will protect yo
5. The American National Standard for safety toe footwear referred to in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard deals with the strength of the toe box The top classification 75 will withstand the impact of 75 pounds per square inch falling on your foot OSHA has very specific requirements regarding protective footwear OSHA has a regulation on foot protection 29 CFR 1910 136 which states Each affected employee shall wear protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects or objects piercing the sole and where such employee s feet are exposed to electrical hazards Protective footwear purchased before July 5 1994 shall comply with the ANSI standard USA Standard for Safety Toe Footwear Z41 1 1967 Protective footwear purchased after July 1994 shall comply with ANSI American National Standards Institute 241 1991 Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary Sometimes accidents just happen Some jobs have inherent risk built into them Other times accidents and injuries occur because of the following e Poor decision making e Not taking responsibility for our own health and well being e Lac
6. Also be aware that some over the counter and prescription medications while perfectly legal and responsible for making us healthy do in fact run the risk of impairing our ability to drive or operate mechanical equipment Never drive any vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs Drive Responsibly As an automotive repair professional what are the things you need to be thinking about as you drive the streets and highways within your community in the course of your work You should begin with an overall philosophy that governs all the decisions you make behind the wheel The philosophy of Defensive Driving Drive Defensively Most of us have heard these two words from the very first day we sat behind the wheel of a motor vehicle but when was the last time you really gave any thought to what the phrase means To drive defensively means taking proactive measures to avoid accident situations regardless of their potential causes P a a a aa a a a a a a a TAa A e ka a E a R E aaa aa a a a E E E S E E aR a ee ee a keep in mind Awareness and not just regarding what is happening with your vehicle but with all 3 the other vehicles with which you share the road Anticipate what other vehicles may do If you are aware that another vehicle is approaching an intersection at a high rate of speed for example what is the likelinood that it will be able to stop in time Analyze the situation and determine
7. here s what to do to avoid injury Lower the item slowly bending your knees so your legs do the work Keep your back straight Position your hands so your fingers don t get caught under the load Place the load on the edge of the surface and slide it back Don t Lift if You Don t Have to Sometimes in the work environment our pride and self image make us want to show people how tough we are When it comes to lifting heavy things it s much smarter to put our egos aside and use the lifts slings dollies two wheelers and all kinds of other tools we find at our disposal that are designed to help us lift and carry heavy objects Also don t be afraid to ask someone else for help In the long run you and your back will be much better off Now let s move on to the type of injury most common in automotive repair facilities Eye Injuries Imagine not being able to clearly see the face of your best friend spouse or children It s a disturbing thought With that in mind realize that regardless of what kind of position you hold within the auto repair industry injuries to the eyes are a very real possibility They usually occur as a result of the following things e Falling Debris When a car is on a lift or a person slides under a car to work they are looking up at the car They shake something pry on something turn a wheel rotate the drive shaft or shift the front wheels right and left In the process a chunk of dirt or road debris can
8. shop but ultimately the responsibility for safety will fall on the shoulders of each individual in the workplace Do your work safely and look out for fellow employees Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Introduction Avoiding Injury in the Workplace Learning Objectives e Understand the possible causes and consequences of workplace injuries e Identify ways to prevent workplace injuries e Recognize the parts of the body most susceptible to injury Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Introduction As someone who works in the automotive industry you are no doubt aware of some of the opportunities for accidents and injuries that exist within the workplace What you may find surprising however is the staggering number of injuries that occur in the workplace as a whole SS E ee ee eT ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee a facts and stats According to a recent Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by the Bureau of Labor Statistics within the Department of Labor more than 4 3 million nonfatal workplace injuries and illnesses are reported annually a Every day you work with things that are sharp loud heavy and hot That s just a fact of life when you work with motor vehicles Just because there is risk however doesn t necessarily mean that injury has to follow By having a clear understanding of the types of injuries that can occur and what can be done to avoid them
9. Many times people who come into your shop or call on the phone are angry about a situation and while being angry does not necessarily mean they will resort to violence it is a behavior that should not be ignored aid you know Fortunately most angry people can be calmed down by practicing good customer service skills If however you ever feel even in the slightest way that you are being threatened or at risk of physical harm you should report the situation and involve a supervisor as quickly as possible Limiting Access One of the best ways to protect your workplace from violence from outside your organization is by restricting public access to work areas This can be accomplished ina variety of different ways One of the best options is to install locks that require anyone entering to use a picture ID card that must be successfully swiped through a magnetic stripe reader before access is allowed A less costly option would be to install combination locks on all doors that access staff only areas There are locks available that can have the combination changed so that not only are outsiders prevented from re entering but former employees would be barred as well If this type of system is used it s wise to change the combination on a regular basis particularly every time an employee is terminated In environments where there will be legitimate reasons for the public to have access to workers having a
10. The bigger the vehicle the larger the No Zone One third of all accidents between commercial motor vehicles and smaller vehicles occur in the No Zone areas Consider the following e Side No Zones Don t linger on either side of trucks or buses If you can t see the driver s face in his or her side view mirror he or she can t see you If they need to make a sudden lane change you are in danger e Rear No Zones Don t tailgate Large trucks and buses have an extensive blind spot directly behind them Not only can they not see you but you can t see in front of them from that vantage point If the truck or bus stops suddenly there is no way you can react in time to avoid an accident e Front No Zones Pass very carefully and safely Never cut in front too soon after passing Truck and bus drivers need nearly twice the time and room to stop as cars do The rule of thumb when passing is to wait until you can see both truck or bus headlights in your rear view mirror before pulling in front Also be sure to use your turn signal to let the trucker or bus driver know you intend to pass or change lanes Slow Down in Construction Zones It s virtually impossible to drive through most cities today without encountering some kind of road construction zone The best thing for you would be to avoid them if possible but if there is road work going on near your shop it may be unavoidable If you must drive in construction zones keep your eyes open and obey
11. and clutch dust and other asbestos waste in them are collected they must be sealed The containers also must be impermeable and must be appropriately labeled OSHA Regulations Personal Protective Equipment OSHA regulations 29 CFR 1910 1001 list the required Personal Protective Equipment PPE that must be used when working with asbestos containing materials These include e Respiratory protection e Protective work clothing including gloves e Face shields vented goggles The regulations also address the laundering of contaminated clothing so as to prevent the release of airborne fibers of asbestos in excess of the permissible exposure limits EPA Information gt On April 2 2007 EPA released its publication entitled Current Best Practices for Preventing Asbestos Exposure Among Brake and Clutch Repair Workers The brochure is intended to provide information for automotive professionals and home mechanics on preventing exposure to brake and clutch dust that may contain asbestos fibers To view the document click here Summary Please refer to the documents and regulations from OSHA and EPA referenced throughout this module for additional information Because this module is based on regulatory agency documents and regulations there is no Quiz to be completed before you proceed to the next module Material presented in this module will not be covered in the Mechanical Pollution Prevention Final Exam Mechanical Polluti
12. and should never be released into the atmosphere Additionally you must now be certified to work on air conditioning equipment Certified Technicians and Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Only certified technicians should be allowed to work on air conditioning systems Section 609 of the Clean Air Act mandates that only technicians trained and certified by a program that conforms to the Act may work on refrigerant based MVAC If a non certified technician works on the air conditioning system it is a violation of the law Certified technicians should e Carry their certification card when working e The shop should keep their certification statement or certificate on file on site Click here for a list of EPA approved Section 609 Training What Should be Done Keep in mind the following points when dealing with refrigerants Allow only certified technicians to work on air conditioning disassembly reassembly and recharge Recover and recycle refrigerant using EPA approved equipment If your equipment is recovery only you must have any refrigerant that is removed from the vehicle taken by an EPA approved recycling company Keep records of the dates and quantities of refrigerant recovered and recycled Filters from approved refrigerant equipment must be treated as hazardous waste Equipment Certification and Regulation If you choose to recycle the recycle and recovery equipment must meet or exceed Society of Automotiv
13. are no substitute for spill containment but they do reduce residual contamination Follow the manufacturer s recommendations for maintenance and clean out the separator regularly to operate at maximum efficiency Summary Used oil requirements call for special handling Make sure you know which fluids can and cannot be mixed with used oil how to properly manage used oil how to handle used oil filters and the rules for accepting used oil from the general public Common sense and good management practices are all that is required to comply Mechanical Pollution Prevention Antifreeze Learning Objectives e Recognize proper antifreeze disposal methods e Understand antifreeze collection and storage e Identify the three ways to recycle antifreeze Introduction Mechanical shops are constantly replacing or removing damaged radiators to repair other parts of an automobile Because of that fact it is critical that the antifreeze in theses radiators be handled appropriately The hazardous component in most antifreeze is ethylene glycol and it is extremely toxic to humans and animals Although un used antifreeze is not at this time considered a hazardous waste by the Environmental Protection Agency some states are enacting laws that are different than federal laws so be aware of what your state demands Health Questions about Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol Source Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry U S Dept of
14. aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary Clearly there are dangers present for automotive repair workers involving blood borne pathogens Fortunately there are different ways to prevent a blood borne pathogen infection Here are a few key tips to keep in mind Treat any blood or bodily fluids with care and always use protective gloves and glasses Never use protective gloves twice or try to clean them After cleaning up blood or other fluids wash thoroughly with soap and water Keeping the First Aid kit properly stocked is everybody s responsibility Laws require Hepatitis B Vaccinations to be made available within 10 working days to all employees who have occupational exposure to pathogens at no cost to the employee Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Operating Vehicles Learning Objectives e Understand your responsibilities while driving a motor vehicle for your company e Recognize the 4 A s of Defensive Driving e Identify the significance of the No Zone Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Representing Your Company Your position as an employee in the automotive repair industry places you in a very unique situation Anything you do as you go about your work behind the wheel of either your own car or a company owned vehicle reflects directly upon your employer If you we
15. cycle according to the instructions of detergent and machine manufacturers Non washable clothing or gloves should be discarded Protective devices including masks and eye and face protection should be removed and decontaminated before reusing Handling Droplets or Pools While wearing gloves and safety glasses droplets or splatter can be cleaned up relatively easily by wiping up with a rag dampened with a disinfectant Re wipe with a fresh clean rag with more disinfectant until no signs are visible For larger drops or pools of blood cleanup will take longer and will involve more details Cover any pools of blood with paper towels Pour concentrated disinfectant around spill allowing it to mix with the spill Allow at least 20 minutes contact time Carefully pick up towels and place in containers or plastic bags Beware of Glass Shards Accident vehicles that are being repaired and have broken glass shards are difficult to clean Small slivers of contaminated glass can easily find their way into the air conditioning heating vent system The first time the system is used after the accident or cleaned after the accident glass that may contain blood will be blown out If a technician or detail person is operating the system or attempting to blow glass shards out of the vents they should put on protective equipment including e Protective eye wear e Respirator e Work gloves Disinfectants Disinfectants are very effective in the clea
16. fai granted we often seem to be unaware of the mighty power around us every moment Avoid Shocks and Electrocution Respecting the power of electricity is critical to our health and well being because an unexpected electrical shock can be severe enough to burn or even kill Electricity is associated with 10 percent of job related deaths as well as many serious injuries fee emg ee me See apes e ey ge gh T i GT ET eC aN Ta BT C Tg eT CTg Ae aS Piet Saab esta Tah Ts url Ord Cress ET OG E ANTAR OAT AA ATAR Cae PTa OETA APTA AET TEP TT PUNT ASTA OSTA ra ag chant eet a Etat eae ayes CheNT ae To tanto ee al facts and stats z Ten percent of all job related deaths are by electrocution How Electricity Works Electricity travels through wires to our homes and workplaces and is usually generated from a source such as a dam a nuclear power plant or a coal burning power plant In some areas of the country windmills may also generate electricity At least two wires are required to carry electricity although there may be more One is the negative side and one is the positive side Once electricity is generated it flows along a wire or path and is controllable and will do the work you want unless something touches it that allows it to flow through it them into the earth to ground itself Conductors and Non Conductors Wires are the highways that electricity travels along They are typically comprised of common metals
17. front desk arrangement where security personnel can watch for people who appear to be agitated or exhibiting any type of suspicious behavior is the best option Other Steps for Limiting Violence from Outside Sources Additional methods for limiting violence from outside sources include e Encouraging employees to report incidents of domestic violence and or threats of violence by customers When employees fail to make supervisors aware of domestic abuse that threatens to carry over into the workplace or of threats from customers or clients they not only put themselves at risk but potentially all of their co workers as well The ability to anticipate a possible violent situation can make the difference between a successful intervention as opposed to a tragic result e Making use of security cameras Once again having the ability to anticipate a problem situation can reduce the likelinood of a tragic outcome and make intervention easier If a disgruntled employee abusive spouse or angry customer has made threats having the ability to intercept them before they ever get a chance to confront their intended victim makes everyone safer e Providing well lit parking facilities Typically a criminal is going to choose the path of least resistance when it comes to choosing a victim A well lit parking area particularly one that is equipped with security cameras and possibly even security personnel on duty is more inclined to discourage someone with c
18. incidents of violence Overtly threatens to harm themself or others Has a fascination with and ownership of weapons Has a known history of violent behavior Has admitted to other acts of violence Swearing particularly at others Has an inability to control his or her temper Demonstrates repeated incidents of irrational behavior Destroys his or her own property What Are the Characteristics Below are some of the characteristics identified in perpetrators of workplace violence e Considered to be a loner e Displays self righteous or morally superior behavior Feels they are above the rules refuses to take criticism regarding work performance Feels humiliated and degraded has been wronged by the victim Blames others for their personal problems Brooding and sullen Has suicidal tendencies Control freak Argumentative Steps for Limiting Violence by Co workers There are things that can be done to minimize the risk of violence by co workers occurring in your facility The following things can be done to prevent or minimize violence from an internal source e Doing background checks on all prospective employees Any hiring decision My should always involve checking an individual s employment references A more thorough check would include a drug screening and a criminal background check There are people without drug problems or a history of violent behavior that commit violent acts on co workers but having an awaren
19. is no excuse not to do the right thing Qaia you know i Eye injuries are one of the most common and preventable type of work related injury in the automotive industry Protect yourself and always wear protective eyewear The average eye injury costs nearly Your Job is Hands On No matter what type of job you do in automotive repair imagine trying to do it without the use of one or both of your hands Hand injuries are the second most frequent injury in the automotive repair industry and account for the largest number of lost days Twenty percent of injuries resulting in lost days are related to fingers hands and wrists If you have ever slipped a wrench off a bolt in a tight space and skinned your knuckles you know the pain can be intense but it s probably not serious Listed below are just a few examples of the many ways people can seriously injure their hands in the automotive industry Broken hands from slipping wrenches Cuts from sharp sheet metal cotter pins etc Pinches from pliers metal parts fitting together Doors and hoods being slammed Burns from hot motors and exhausts Regardless of the cause the good news is there are measures we can take to either minimize or in most cases eliminate the injuries completely The Doctor s Example Most of us have watched a doctor either in a fictional TV program or in a documentary format perform some type of surgery What is one of the first things they do before t
20. law to have them in the circuits in bathrooms and kitchens That s where you are most likely to be working with electrical items such as hair rollers shavers mixers or electric knives These switches detect a surge in electricity and quickly turn the electricity off A ground fault circuit interrupter cuts off power if there is any electrical leakage that could cause shocks in wet areas such as outdoors or in bathrooms To protect against improper usage electrical wires cords and equipment often have labels identifying their voltage and current capacity Cords designed for special uses are also labeled Industry is becoming very familiar with GFCI s as well If a tool has a short circuit that can t be seen easily a GFCI will shut off electrical equipment including fuses or circuit breakers when they become overloaded General Hazards The main purpose for insulation and GFCI switches is to prevent shocks You are particularly at risk when a wire isn t properly enclosed or has defective insulation A shock can also occur when you make direct contact with live electricity like a power line or electrical socket Electricity and the Human Body The longer your body is in contact with an electrical current the greater the risk of death Electricity can cause Pain Loss of muscle control and coordination Internal bleeding Damage to nerves muscles or tissues Cardiac arrest Death with very high voltages Electrocution is the most
21. laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary At some point in every technician s career they will jump start a vehicle While it is not a difficult process there are inherent risks involved that make it important for you to know how to do it properly Commit the steps you ve learned in this course to memory and you should be able to charge a stalled battery with relative ease Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Violence in the Workplace Learning Objectives e Identify the levels types of workplace violence e Recognize behaviors and attitudes that may precede acts of workplace violence e Understand the steps that need to be taken if you perceive a threat or become a victim of violence Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention I Never Thought it Could Happen Here Most of us go to work every day without fearing for our safety and yet on a far too regular basis newspaper headlines and TV news anchors report incidents of people suffering injury i and even death at the hands of co workers family clients or acquaintances Despite these reports many of us struggle to comprehend the idea of someone coming to our workplace and doing harm to us With all of the statistics and publicity that surround workplace violence it just makes sense that all employers should have documented programs in place to both redu
22. lumbar region basically serves as the hinge between the upper and lower parts of the body In this capacity it is more likely to be injured in the process of reaching twisting and particularly lifting Nagging Type of Injury What makes back injuries particularly difficult is they are slow to heal When describing back injuries doctors tend to talk in terms of several different categories e Acute lasting less than three months most people gain relief after a period of somewhere between four to six weeks e Recurrent basically just a repeat of an acute episode most people will tend to have at least one episode of recurrent back pain e Chronic lasting more than three months Imagine trying to do your job with all the bending and twisting that s involved with this type of lingering pain Clearly injuring your back is something you will want to avoid With that being the case why is it that so many people suffer some type of back injury Avoiding Injury on the Job There are many reasons why people injure their backs on the job but among the most prevalent are Lifting too much weight Pushing pulling too much weight Not getting help to lift or move something heavy or awkward Bending over too far and lifting with the back instead of squatting and lifting with the legs Lifting while off balance e Twisting with a load Examine this list closely and you will quickly realize that in all probability you have eng
23. need to prevail Some people don t mind working in clutter others feel there s a place for everything and everything in its place Regardless of which side of the fence you may be on please be considerate of your co workers and make certain that you are not responsible for leaving anything in the path of others that could cause an accident Stairs Stairs simply by the manner in which they work are areas where people are inclined to hurt themselves Even though OSHA has requirements for how stairways must be constructed so that they are safe on an individual basis you need to exercise good judgment and restraint when going up or down stairs Don t run up and down stairs and don t carry so many items in your hands that you obscure your view of the stairs If the stairs you use have more than just a few steps the stairway needs to have a handrail and you should use it Architects are required by law to design good handrail protection into new facilities but older facilities may not always have good handrails OSHA has specific requirements for where handrails are placed If there are no handrails point out to management anything you feel is unsafe and be extra careful when you use those stairways Ladders Even though the work area for repairing cars might not seem to be a place where ladders would be used consider the following workplace tasks Windows need to be washed Lights need to be cleaned or bulbs need to be changed Pa
24. off the coast of Alaska i As a general rule you can mix the following fluids with used engine oil for recycling Non Similar Fluids Transmission oil Hydraulic fluids Synthetic oils Cutting oils gear and petroleum based cooling oils Petroleum based non hazardous lubricating fluids a a On the other hand NEVER mix the following with used oil Antifreeze Solvents Gasoline Wastewater Unknown wastes Helpful Tips Here are some useful ideas for managing used oil Have specific labeled catch pans available for technicians who are collecting oil Do not use the containers for antifreeze or other non similar fluids Be prepared for oil spills with the proper absorbents Spills in your shop and any releases on pavement or outside must be cleaned up immediately Spill clean up materials must be disposed of properly Helpful Tips Continued Here are some more useful ideas for managing used oll Collection drums or containers must be marked Used Oil as well as any piping that takes used oil to an outside used oil container Segregate used oil Do not mix used oil with any non similar fluids Waste containers should be kept in good condition sheltered covered tightly and secured from vandalism and tampering Inspect used oil containers and piping for leaks or spillage at least weekly All used oil should be sent for re refining burnt for energy recovery or disposed of in any other Environmental Protection Ag
25. or HAZARDOUS WASTE ANTIFREEZE Label waste antifreeze containers with the date the drum first contained any hazardous antifreeze Recycling of antifreeze is very common and usually available locally Antifreeze Recycling Three Ways Jdid you know There are three ways to recycle antifreeze 1 Off site recycling services Contract with a reputable company to remove your used antifreeze 2 Mobile recycling services In some areas a truck or van mounted system can process used antifreeze 3 On site recycling Purchase or lease on site recycling equipment the sludge produced is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of using off site recycling services but it is minimal Other Facts Regarding Antifreeze Here is some additional important information about antifreeze e Mixing antifreeze with other contaminants for recycling is considered a crime in some states and may lead to a prison sentence it will also turn the mixture into a hazardous waste or substance e Pouring antifreeze into septic systems dumpsters floor drains or outdoors is illegal and easily traceable by EPA officials Mixing of used antifreeze and oil for the purpose of burning is not considered recycling and is an EPA violation Provide quick containment for in shop spills to prevent antifreeze from entering the drains or septic tank systems Some states have maximum amounts of waste antifreeze that you may keep Some states allow a limited recycling time that starts
26. problem If you see a problem either report it or fix it Know Where You re Meeting You should have an agreed upon outdoor assembly area so that if a major fire breaks out you can guickly identify if anyone is missing or possibly trapped in the building The first thing the fire department will ask is if everyone is accounted for Be prepared to give them precise information The number one responsibility when a fire breaks out is the safety and well being of employees Remember buildings and equipment are replaceable people aren t Have a Fire Safety Plan All automotive repair facilities should have a fire safety plan in place It needs to be reviewed at a minimum on an annual basis In addition a mock fire evacuation should be done again at a minimum annually The fire safety plan should include information on the following e Where fire extinguishers are located e Which exits are approved and marked fire exits e Where employees should assemble outside the building Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary It s as simple as this The key to fire safety is to be prepared Being prepared means having a plan and reviewing the plan on a regular basis Don t assume t
27. sections designated under the ANSI MSDS standard Substance identity and company contact information Chemical composition and data on components Hazards identification First aid measures Fire fighting measures Accidental release measures Handling and storage Exposure controls and personal protection Physical and chemical properties 10 Stability and reactivity 11 Toxicological information 12 Ecological information 13 Disposal considerations 14 Transport information 15 Regulations 16 Other information oe Noo ea NS Information Available all the Time OSHA requires employers to provide their employees with detailed information and training on the chemicals they work with and to keep the information where it is easy to access The information is provided to you in several ways e Labels on the containers of chemicals these labels will provide you with some information on contents and risks but not to the level of detail that you will find in the MSDS for the product e AnMSDBS for each chemical in use at the worksite these should be maintained in an easily accessible location e Training sessions on the chemicals you use on the job and how to protect yourself from ae harmed by them Read the Label Not only is it in the best interest of your health it s just good common sense to read the label on a container to see if it may contain a hazardous chemical The label can provide a lot of useful informatio
28. shock victim e Turn off the power to the electric current e Use a stick or other non conducting object to push the victim away from the source of the shock e Call for professional medical help Rinse electrical burns with cold water and cover with a clean dry cloth If it s a major burn cover it with a clean dry cloth and get immediate medical attention Notify firefighters immediately if there is a fire and be sure to let them know if it is an electrical fire Don t touch a burning object related to electrical fires or throw water on it Electricity can travel directly up the water and into you In electrical fire situations it is always best to wait for the professionals Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Conclusion Do not take electricity for granted We have lights tools machines TVs stereos and many other useful products consuming electricity every day When you think about all the power needed to run that equipment it only makes sense to use caution Electricity can kill if it is not handled properly Only qualified workers should work on energized systems Obey all tags and signs around electrical equipment Don t handle anything electric with wet hands Frequently inspect
29. should only be removed from the premises by a licensed battery hauler for recycling If you are unsure of who to contact to begin recycling your batteries you may want to try your battery supplier first since many battery suppliers provide recycling services as a part of their business Qaia you know i Throwing spent batteries in the dumpster or having them removed by an unlicensed battery hauler is a violation of the law Damaged Battery Handling Some cars that you come into contact with in a mechanical shop may have damaged batteries These damaged batteries should be immediately placed in an acid resistant container or tub Leftover battery acid may be neutralized using large quantities of baking soda or a neutralizing agent supplied by the battery vendor Some vendors supply special containers for broken and leaking batteries for transport Never put damaged or leaking batteries outside or on metal trays for short term storage Things to Consider Keep the following points in mind when handling batteries e Wear safety glasses and acid resistant gloves when handling batteries because they can explode or leak e Store batteries on sturdy acid resistant shelves no more than one high e Do not stack batteries on top of each other because leaks are harder to find when the batteries are stacked acid can drip down onto the lower batteries e When using wooden pallets place the pallets on impermeable
30. slabs e Store batteries in a covered and secure location e Store damaged batteries in a tub or pan so any leaks will be contained and not leak into drains or outside Battery Recyclers Never put a damaged battery in a dumpster This is a violation of environmental laws Recyclers are happy to take the remnants of the battery at no cost or low cost because of the value in the lead Specific Information for Your Area Lead acid batteries are banned from municipal solid waste disposal facilities Retailers must take back used batteries Summary If you are still unsure about how to handle and store damaged and used batteries please refer back to the course material Be careful and wear the necessary personal protective equipment whenever you handle batteries especially damaged ones Finally remember to recycle used batteries Mechanical Pollution Prevention Asbestos Learning Objectives e Understand what asbestos is and how it is used e Know where to access OSHA and EPA information on the subject Asbestos What It Is and How It Is Used OSHA Standard and Information OSHA s asbestos standard requires the use of controls and safe work practices when employees work with brake shoes and clutches that contain asbestos These requirements are detailed in 29 CFR 1910 1001 and specifically 1910 1001 f 3 and Appendix F of the standard Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Automotive Brake and Clutch Inspe
31. survey respondents do not adjust their mirrors before short driving trips two hours or less even though this is when it is more likely you will get in a crash Position seat and head restraints Positioning your head restraints correctly can reduce whiplash injuries resulting from crashes by 28 3 percent Secure loose objects Only 34 percent of NSC survey respondents regularly secure loose objects in their cars even though on average loose items ranging from luggage to soda pop cans are responsible for 13 000 injuries in accidents nationwide in just one year Turn off cell phones During the last five years alone nearly 300 000 drivers have been involved in crashes attributed to cell phone use cell phones will be covered i in greater detail later in our course Look for engine warning lights Three out of four respondents said they always check to see if their check engine light is on however many admitted to checking the light while already driving Check your fuel level In preparing for a trip large or small it s necessary to ensure you have enough gasoline in your tank to get there and back Twenty five percent of survey respondents said they do not check their gas level prior to departure Statistics provided by the National Safety Council Obey the Law Fasten Your Seat Belt lt makes no difference where you get your statistics seat belts save lives As someone who works in the automotive repair industry
32. switch Fluorescent lamps are the second largest source after batteries of mercury contamination It is estimated that over one billion lamps and bulbs such as fluorescent mercury vapor high pressure sodium and metal halide are discarded every year Check out CCAR s Web site for more information on mercury Mercury Product Solutions When you remove switches from appliances or vehicles store them in a covered container marked Mercury Switches for Recycling In some municipalities there are consolidation sites which take the switches for free and mine the mercury out for reuse Some areas have transporters who will take them away for a fee Supervisors and staff in charge of your shop s environment can contact a county or state environmental office or solid waste office for recycling services available in your area For recycling purposes make sure that the shop retains the invoices that track your waste Include the following information Date of shipment Amount of waste Location from where the wastes are being shipped Destination of the shipment Dealing with Fluorescent Lamps Fluorescent and HID lighting is an excellent business and environmental choice because it can use up to 50 percent less electricity than incandescent lighting However used fluorescent and HID lamps must be managed properly because they contain mercury usually in a modified form powder e Store used lamps in an area and in a way that will prevent
33. tell you the average amount of a chemical j ome that you can safely be exposed to over an eight hour period Compatibility Toward the end of every MSDS is a section that describes what Aai chemicals should not be mixed with the material For example chlorine bleach mixed with ammonia can cause an extremely toxic gas If you have any questions about the chemical terminology check with your supervisor Anytime you are unsure about chemicals or supplies check the MSDS sheet and or ask your direct supervisor or a knowledgeable coworker who has experience with the proper usage New Chemicals or Supplies The following general precautions should be used around all chemicals Never eat drink or smoke around chemicals in the work area Keep flammable and explosive material away from any heat sources Make sure there is enough ventilation in the work area if you feel the slightest amount of dizziness or nausea report the incident immediately to your supervisor Use the right personal protective equipment this may include gloves safety glasses masks respirators and work clothes depending on the type of chemicals you are using Keep all equipment clean and report any damage Know how to properly dispose of all contaminated materials Always use established procedures for handling storing or transporting hazardous chemicals keep in mind Never start a job without knowing the properties and hazards of new chemical s yo
34. that have chronic effects may harm you after repeated or prolonged use Route of entry How a chemical may enter the human body such as inhaling swallowing breathing or through skin absorption The possible route of entry is important to know and helps you determine what PPE you should use when handling the substance Local or systemic reaction There are two ways your body can react when you are exposed to a toxic chemical You can experience one of the reactions or both reactions at the same time o A local reaction will occur at the site of the exposure such as irritations or damage to the skin eyes or lungs o A systemic reaction occurs when chemicals enter the bloodstream through the skin eyes mouth or lungs Your entire body can be damaged This means your whole system is reacting On either local or systemic reactions the damage can be immediate or sometimes it is delayed and takes awhile Health Explanations Continued Target organs Organs in your body that are damaged by a systemic reaction to a hazardous chemical such as the liver heart lungs or kidneys Permissible exposure limit Some chemicals present almost no problem unless they come in contact with you for a period of time Soap is a good example A 7 common bar of soap is a group of chemicals that you use every day However a E oo wet bar of soap held against your skin for a long period could cause a rash to a develop The PEL measurement will
35. the shop s waste stream Regardless of the amount of waste stream produced it is to the shop s legal and financial advantage to manage and dispose of the waste properly Even more importantly the use of good techniques will prevent pollution and minimize your shop s waste stream National Fire Protection Association Diamond Label Some states require automotive repair facilities to use the National Fire Protections Association 704 diamond Label system and to have the labels posted outside the workplace This helps firefighters and employees easily recognize the three main categories which identify hazardous substances stored on the site Knowing what is in the building can prevent injury and damage to the environment The label is color coded to highlight the different hazards making it easier to identify the specific risks Red Flammability Blue Health Hazard Yellow Reactivity White Special information such as W for Water Reactive or Oxy for Oxygen a The NFiPA 704 system uses a numerical value between 0 and 4 to indicate the level of hazard for that particular chemical A value of 0 is displayed when there is no hazard and a value of 4 is displayed when there is the highest level of hazard Summary The automotive industry generates more hazardous waste than any other industry in the world However the automotive industry does not have to be the greatest polluter in the world It s up to people like you to make a differe
36. the signs that will be posted prior to and throughout the work area designating appropriate speeds You will need to e Adjust your speed accordingly e Leave plenty of distance between your own and other vehicles e Always be prepared for the unexpected Statistics tell the story best The Federal Highway Administration reports that the number of people killed in motor vehicle crashes in work zones rose from 693 in 1997 to 1 181 in 2002 In addition to the fatalities more than 40 000 people are injured each year in motor vehicle work zone crashes Not only is the risk for accidents greater in a work zone but the amount of a fine can double or triple Clearly excessive speed around construction can be costly in more ways than one Stay Off the Phone Most people today carry cell phones In fact your employer may even provide you with a cell phone so that you can communicate with them when you are out on the streets on company business There is no doubt that cell phones have proven to be a wonderful communication tool and each year the number of cell phones in use increases e As of August 2002 research by the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association showed 137 million cell phones in use e A 1997 article published in the New England Journal of Medicine linked the use of cell phones in motor vehicles to a quadrupled risk of collision As the statistic above indicates despite the benefits that cell phones provide there
37. what the right driving decision will be Action Once you ve analyzed a situation you are in a position to make a decision and take appropriate action to avoid the occurrence of an accident 7 Do Not Assume Anything When you re behind the wheel all you can control is your own driving Other drivers may not be as good at defensive driving as you are As a result you need to always remember the following e Just because you have the right of way doesn t mean that the other driver is going to yield to you e Just because the light has turned red doesn t mean the other driver is going to stop A e Just because a sign says no left turn doesn t mean the driver approaching the intersection isn t going to turn left anyway If you are aware of your surroundings try to anticipate what the other driver will do and analyze the situation and the ways in which you could respond then you will take the right action to avoid a potentially dangerous situation Are You too Close for Comfort Most of the driving you do for your job has a sense of urgency surrounding it Whether you re a service adviser driving vehicles to determine their problems or an auto mechanic or body technician road testing cars you basically just want to find what you re looking for le Nga and get back to the shop When you re driving in a hurry however you run the risk of tailgating the vehicles in front of you Don t be in that big of a hurry Followin
38. will use the following precautions you significantly reduce your chances of becoming infected through blood borne pathogens e Immediately put on protective gloves and glasses before coming in contact with fluids or dried blood e Treat all bodily fluids including dried blood residues as if they are potentially hazardous e f you get blood or fluids on your skin wash thoroughly with soap and hot water as soon as possible e Putona surgical style particle mask or a respirator and glasses to prevent infection from airborne blood or bodily fluids that can be transmitted through sneezing coughing or from someone with a bloody nose The First Aid Kit is Everyone s Responsibility Every automotive repair shop is equipped with a First Aid kit Help make sure that your company s First Aid materials are restocked and replenished after use Notify your company to refill the kit if YOU take something from the supply Don t hide your own injury if blood is involved notify your supervisor Handling Contamination In addition to the risk involved in the initial contact with blood or bodily fluids there is also the disposal of items used in the cleanup process to consider Take the following steps when disposing of contaminated materials e Clean blood with proper disinfectants e Dispose of contaminated sharp objects including sheet metal glass etc in such a way they will not come in contact again with others e Separate contaminated clothi
39. Health and Human Services Used Antifreeze Used antifreeze on the other hand is a different story Used antifreeze may contain high levels of heavy metals such as lead from the solder in the radiator or cadmium or chrome from the internal moving parts of the engine Benzene has been detected in antifreeze due to engine blow by in the head gasket area If your antifreeze becomes contaminated by mixing any other materials with it then the antifreeze is considered hazardous waste It is expensive and impractical to test antifreeze from each radiator so it is recommended that you simply keep it separated and treat all used antifreeze as hazardous waste Antifreeze should not be disposed of by throwing it in the trash mixing with oil or paint waste or pouring into drains or septic systems Storm sewers may empty directly into ponds or streams Waste antifreeze can destroy the microorganisms that decompose septic waste Things to Remember About Antifreeze Here are some key points to remember when working with antifreeze Keep a specific antifreeze catch pan near each technician and label it appropriately Do not mix any other type of waste materials in the antifreeze catch pan or in the waste antifreeze container Protect and cover re useable antifreeze see Antifreeze Recycling Discharging antifreeze into septic systems dumpsters floor drains or outdoors is illegal Label waste antifreeze containers clearly with USED ANTIFREEZE
40. Learning Objectives Recognize the proper refrigerant recovery methods Understand the laws related to releasing refrigerant Determine who is allowed to perform air conditioning work Identify refrigerant recovery equipment regulations Refrigerant Refrigerant is a gas that has been used in the air conditioning system of vehicles for many years Refrigerant is one chemical from a group of chemicals with a very long name chlorofluorocarbons Chemicals that contain CFCs include Other refrigerants Foaming agents Aerosol propellants Fire retardants Paint solvents Body and mechanical shops used refrigerant R 12 an old version of refrigerant but for a variety of reasons it is no longer used The current and more common version of refrigerant is called R 134a The Affects of CFC Evaporation In the 1970s scientists found that the sun s ultraviolet rays were becoming stronger Scientists Know that one major contributor to skin cancer is ultraviolet rays from the sun and skin cancer was increasing rapidly With the increased ultraviolet rays coming through our atmosphere not only was skin cancer a worry but other living things such as fish animals algae and ordinary bacteria were affected by increases in the sun s ultraviolet light Most bacteria both good and bad die when exposed to high levels of ultraviolet light The Ozone Layer For years scientists could not explain why ultrav
41. able to recognize exposed live electric parts and their voltage as well as the clearance distances This standard defines all other employees as unqualified This means they have no special training in recognizing and avoiding electrical hazards but might be exposed to electrical shock on the job All employees both qualified and unqualified need some knowledge of electrical safety and the protections included in the new standard Energized Parts or Areas Can Hurt You Energized areas are best thought of as the place where electricity enters buildings or is turned on or off Exposed energized parts may have warning signs and tags on them Large ones may have barricades to prevent out of control vehicles such as forklifts from accidentally ramming into them In large plants and factories there may even be an attendant to keep people out of harm s way Energized parts must be labeled in such a way that it communicates and protects workers from contact Identifying Hazards To use electricity safely you have to be able to identify the most common causes of electrical accidents and injuries Loose electrical connections Cords and wiring with missing or frayed insulation Equipment running beyond capacity Tools that cause shocks or emit smoke excessive heat odors or sparks Wires running across the floor Electrical cords left near heat flame or water Electrical cords or equipment that creates an arc being used around hazard
42. aged in one or more of these activities yourself Clearly more attention needs to be focused on avoiding these at risk behaviors There is No Fountain of Youth When we were kids playing in the schoolyard our bodies were extremely flexible It seemed as if we could bend like pretzels when we fell down we bounced back up like rubber balls We were able to lift push pull run jump and fall down and yet never seemed to suffer any significant consequences Wouldn t it be great if our bodies could stay like that forever Unfortunately there is no fountain of youth And so as we ve grown older and entered into the work force e We typically aren t getting the same amount of exercise as we did in our youth e Wedon t use our various muscles as much e Wedon t stretch as much as we should This combination of becoming adults and getting less exercise coupled with not using proper lifting technique can set the stage for a back injury to occur Proper Lifting Technique Most workplace lower back injuries are a result of lifting items improperly so remember this The primary means of avoiding injury to your back is to employ proper lifting techniques Have you ever watched weightlifting competitions on TV Despite their strength and the long hours they spend in the gym these amazing athletes in pursuit of their medals are no different from you and me Like them we must use proper lifting techniques to avoid serious inju
43. and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary A recent super hero movie has a line of dialogue that says with great power comes great responsibility The same can be said for power tools By definition a tool is designed to help make your work easier If used properly and safely that will typically be the case Be a professional and use power tools in a safe and responsible manner Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Lifts Learning Objectives e Understand the dangers associated with lifting or jacking a car e Understand hydraulic jack safety e Recognize how to be safe with other types of jacks Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Introduction Every day automotive repair professionals who work on every brand and model of vehicle imaginable have to raise these vehicles off the ground to perform some type of repair or service on them for example sometimes motors need to be lifted out or the vehicle raised and the motor dropped In some respects these technicians are working much like a tightrope walker without a net it only takes one slip just one mistake for them to be in big trouble How to Lift a Vehicle There are several ways a vehicle can be raised off of the ground but the two most common meth
44. answer 80 percent of the questions to pass You will have five attempts to pass the course After passing the final print a certificate of completion Mechanical Repair and Pollution Prevention Vehicle maintenance and recycling involves handling and managing a wide variety of materials and waste products Some of these can be toxic to fish wildlife and humans when improperly managed Antifreeze paint and batteries contain metals and toxins that are extremely hazardous and must be carefully handled to avoid polluting the environment Who Needs to Know How to Be Compliant The ownership management of a business is primarily responsible for compliance with the laws protecting our environment However every employee of a shop is considered responsible and may be criminally liable if they knowingly allow or participate in environmental violations Therefore every person in an organization needs to understand compliance The technicians and painters need to know because they are dealing with potentially hazardous chemicals and waste every day The assistants need to know because they are helping to clean up and dispose of fluids and chemicals The managers and front office staff need to know because they deal with the paper work issues and they are the ones who have to bear responsibility should the Environmental Protection Agency investigate a potential violation The Top 10 Environmental Challenges The Top 10 list of environmental challe
45. antly raising their voice then ear protection should be used If you are experiencing any difficulty hearing high pitched sounds you may have already experienced some hearing loss Types of Hearing Protection There are several different options available for protection of your hearing e Expandable foam plugs made from a flexible material that will expand and conform to the shape of your ear e Pre molded reusable plugs made from silicone plastic or rubber and available usually in both a one size fits all variety or a choice of sizes They are inexpensive washable and convenient to carry e Canal Caps resemble ear plugs on a flexible plastic or metal band They can hang by the band from the neck when not in use making them convenient to use e Earmuffs they block out noise by covering the entire ear They are very effective but can be hot cumbersome and somewhat heavy in certain environments j EF Comfort fit and effectiveness in reducing noise are the primary factors to consider when choosing what type of ear protection to use Putting Your Best Foot Forward For most of us when we think of footwear we have one of two things in mind e Comfort e Style The last thing that is usually on our mind is whether our feet are properly protected In some environments that kind of mindset can lead to very negative consequences In an office for example it may be at the very least a stubbed toe Working in an auto
46. are f ie serious about protecting your lungs on the job In this course we will address the different types of d respirators that are available It Comes with the Territory It s no secret that automotive repair facilities generate airborne dust solvent paint and gas fumes that may be inhaled All of these things can be hazardous If you work in this type of environment you need to consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for each of the inhalable products with which you may come in contact to get specific information about the risks inherent in their use The automotive repair industry needs to be proactive so if air pollution can be reduced or eliminated at the source it should be For example when paint is sprayed a painter creates an airborne pollutant This doesn t mean we re going to stop painting cars It simply means that we will use paint booths filters and personal protective equipment for safety D i iat ipitin EE E e iba biihi ki i OUeV VTE CEEC LER ny TELLAL LAA Gna LLALA gt i aa oe i saben a a i Good Employers Want Good Training Good employers realize where the respiratory risks are in the automotive workplace In response they want all of their staff engaged in high risk jobs to e Be trained on how to reduce these risks whenever possible e Understand when and how to use the right PPE every time to protect themselves As is often the case taking positive action before an injury or
47. are significant risks associated with them As with anything that takes your attention off of the road cell phones increase the risk of accidents The bottom line is that anything that distracts your attention from the road is potentially dangerous Although not a fail safe method the use of a hands free type of phone will at least reduce the risk to some degree The safest bet however is to avoid the use of cell phones while behind the wheel of a car If you need to make a call the best thing to do is to pull off the road to conduct the conversation It s also important that you Know your state s regulations In many states the use of cell phones while driving is strictly prohibited and could result in fines Also check with your employer to see if they have rules that limit cell phone use while operating a vehicle for business purposes Road Rage Occasionally you might find yourself in unpleasant situations involving abusive gestures or language from another driver who takes issue with how you drive Anxiety and frustration can quickly spark an aggressive or careless driver who tailgates speeds or fails to yield the right of way among other behaviors Aggressive driving behavior has led to incidents of road rage where people have been threatened harmed or subjected to retaliatory actions by angry motorists It is imperative that you maintain your composure Road Rage Continued When people drive responsibly they reduce the chances
48. at the method they are using isn t the best and you don t want to see them hurt Safety Training and Safety Mentoring If you have been around car and truck repair for any time at all the odds are good that have been injured in some way especially early on in your career When you hurt yourself you learn not to take the same action again and you become aware of a hazard This course is designed to teach you what to do or not do and will deal with the types of injuries that you might see most frequently in an automotive repair facility Our hope is that you take injury and illness prevention seriously With the information in this course you should be able to avoid problems and adequately protect yourself If you need additional information on workplace injuries their Causes and their prevention check out any of the following Web sites CCAR GreenLink www ccar greenlink org EPA www epa gov OSHA www osha gov Meeting for Safety The more a shop and its employees meet to review safety health and environmental issues the less likely it is that someone is going to be injured or have a long term health issue and yet some technicians feel as if safety meetings just repeat things over and over Some shrug safety off and they tend to be the ones who have accidents They are the ones who are likely to say don t need to go to any more meetings Isn t it all just common sense anyway Common Se
49. aybe the wet spot wasn t your fault but you share responsibility in the fall because you saw that a risky situation existed and didn t do anything about it Be safe and help others around you to be safe We all need to look out for each other Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary The high cost of slip and fall accidents make them serious concerns for every automotive repair facility According to an article entitled Costs of Occupational Injuries amp Illnesses quoted by the TV show Frontline The total direct and indirect costs associated with these injuries and illnesses were estimated to be 155 5 billion or nearly three percent of gross domestic product GDP Leigh Markowitz Fahs amp Landrigan 2000 Using caution and following safety guidelines will help lower the cost of slips and falls in the workplace and more importantly keep people safe Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Power Tools Learning Objectives e Recognize dangerous situations involving power tools e Understand how to prevent injuries involving power tools Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Introduction Automotive technicians understand t
50. be easily jarred loose and falls directly into their eye The good news is that this injury is very preventable by simply wearing protective eyewear Once debris is in the eye the employee should first try to wash it out with an eye wash machine or flood the eye with water at a sink If the debris has cut the eye even slightly or remains stuck in the eye a trip to the emergency room Is necessary Eye Injuries Continued Below are more potential causes for eye injuries e Flying Debris A technician using a bench grinder a high speed drill rotary tool or wire brush can have a piece of debris fly or ricochet into the eye Car detailers can also get blowback by using air nozzles to blow out interiors This is especially dangerous for those workers in i mechanical shops when cleaning glass shards from a broken i windshield which can be lying unseen in the interior or air conditioning ducts Once again these injuries could be prevented 99 percent of the time by wearing protective eyewear As with falling debris if the eye is cut or the debris is stuck in the eye a trip to the hospital is probably going to be necessary e Electric Welding Arc These injuries are not as common but it should be stated that no one should look at a welder arc without eye protection The sensation would almost be like looking directly into the sun Eye Injuries Continued Below are more potential causes for eye injuries e Battery Explosion Hydrog
51. ce that if leaks occur they would be captured and held from getting into any drains or into the rest of the shop As a reminder it is a good idea to check the containers for corrosion and leaks once a week General Handling of a Large Spill If you have a large spill follow these guidelines Notify everyone in the area of the problem immediately lf the material is flammable get fire extinguishers immediately Call emergency authorities usually your fire department if the spill is dangerous or beyond your ability to clean up Prevent materials from going down the drain or outside onto the ground by using temporary dams socks and or drain covers e If cleaning up the spill is within your capabilities be sure to wear appropriate protective clothing use absorbents and place used absorbent materials in appropriate containers e Do afinal wipe up with appropriate rags and treat any rags that are soaked and dripping as hazardous materials as Notifications on Larger Spills and Violations Usually the fire department will guide you through appropriate actions but you are also required by law to notify the Environmental Protection Agency if you have an environmental violation facts and stats Ifa spill is larger than 12 gallons or 100 pounds you need to notify the National Response Center at 800 424 8802 The National Response Center coordinates the handling of all major accidents and spills They keep records of all large commo
52. ce the risk of violence occurring in their workplace and provide a method for employees to report incidents of violence should they occur To prepare yourself as an individual for the possibilities that exist you need to be aware of e The levels types of workplace violence e The warning signs of potential violence e Knowledge of your employer s program for preventing and or dealing with acts of workplace violence What Can Be Considered Violence When we think of workplace violence most of us think of those more highly publicized types mentioned earlier specifically the physical attacks that result in serious injury or death In fact there are many different actions that fall into a complete definition of the subject This would include things such as e Threatening behavior Behavior such as getting in someone s face destroying or throwing objects shaking fists etc e Harassment Which would include any type of activity that frightens belittles intimidates aggravates causes concern or verbally abuses a person this could be in the form of words actions or any type of intimidation or bullying e Verbal abuse Actions such as swearing at insulting or using condescending language towards a person falls into this category e Physical attacks Hitting kicking shoving pushing grabbing or spitting on someone lt is important that any of these behaviors be addressed Ignoring threats or bullying can allow a situation to build up
53. ce violence is that there were indications that something wasn t right about the circumstances leading up to the incident Unfortunately many who said that they ignored those warning signals were ignoring their instincts and wound up being hurt as a result Learning to trust your instincts is important in preventing workplace violence If you feel you are being threatened by another employee client co worker family member friend or acquaintance do not hesitate to report it to a Supervisor or manager Trust your instincts because knowing that you failed to act to prevent harm to yourself or a co worker is a heavy burden to have to bear What are the Behavioral Signs What do people mean when they say something wasn t right People who commit violence will typically exhibit one or more of these types of behaviors e Blames others for their own problems does not take responsibility for his or her own actions Constantly challenges authority Withdraws from normal activities with family friends or other co workers Intimidates and verbally abuses tends to harass and intimidate others Is upset over recent events at work Demonstrates a recent change in behavior appearance and demeanor Abuses drugs and or alcohol Displays obsessive romantic attention Stalks the intended victim What Are the Behavioral Signs Continued Here are some additional signs that might indicate a potential for violence Makes reference to other
54. cell phones while operating a vehicle Be aware of No Zones Don t practice or allow yourself to become a victim of road rage Keep a safe distance between yourself and other vehicles Slow down in construction zones Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Jump Starting Learning Objectives e identify the steps involved in jump starting a vehicle e Recognize the inherent dangers involved when jump starting Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention What is Jump Starting Jump starting is the procedure used to start a car or truck engine that has either a weak or a discharged battery by connecting it to another vehicle s battery using jumper cables aka booster cables Most people think of it as a rather simple process While this may be true it s important that you understand there are some inherent risks involved What are the Risks There are several potentially dangerous situations that can develop when jump starting a vehicle First there is a risk that the battery could explode While the explosion itself could cause serious injury there is also the fact that batteries contain a combination of water and sulfuric acid which could cause serious burns to your skin and irreparable injury to your eyes Because of that risk the following recommendations are offered Wear protective eyewear when jump starting any vehicle Never lean over the battery when jump starting a vehicle Never jump start a batt
55. ches Putting your hands into chemicals that can be absorbed through skin is a hazard you can t see as it happens Every day you work around chemicals that can come in contact with hands as well as skin eyes clothes etc Some of these chemicals are known to cause illnesses in some people after certain amounts of exposure There are protective gloves such as the new nitrile gloves similar to those that surgeons wear that offer excellent protection Wear the right type of protective gloves and the chemicals won t come in contact with your hands Your hands are the primary body parts that come into contact with chemicals but not the only place If the warning labels on the material safety data sheet to be addressed further on in your S P2 training information says the chemical is hazardous then don t let it come in contact with your skin or your clothes f it does change uniforms and wash it off Risks and the Gloves to Protect Against Them eee ae ee ee aes eee Gey ea ee ee Gay eRe Gay E me Gey eg ems ey Gay eng y Gey magenta ey enya ag ay eC eg oe GR ee Gay gee ay ee Ce age gg E Tg Gey E Re a a ae Ce ge Ng ae ee ee ge ay ay ee gee aR ag ae em Ogee Ge eee ee ee E Re ee ee gay ty rel keep in mind The table below can be helpful to you in matching the type of glove to the job being done Blood Long Term Nitrile Common Risk Area RiskType Type of Glove Hot Metal Engine Exhaust Immediate Injury Leather Heavy Cotto
56. ction Disassembly Repair and Assembly htip Awww osha gov SLTC asbestos index html The requirements also are discussed in the Federal Register at 59 FR 40964 40985 87 August 10 1994 and 60 FR 33983 June 29 1995 as well as in OSHA Directive CPL 2 2 63 revised On July 26 2006 OSHA issued a Safety and Health Information Bulletin to inform employees and employers in the automotive brake repair industry of the precautions that must be taken when working with automotive brakes and clutches containing asbestos Click here to see this bulletin Asbestos is the name given to a number of naturally occurring fibrous silicate minerals mined for their useful properties such as thermal insulation chemical and thermal stability and high tensile strength Asbestos has been used as an acoustic insulator and in thermal insulation fire proofing and other building materials In addition asbestos has previously been used in automobiles for brake linings and clutch facings also Known as friction materials OSHA Regulations Disposal Employers of professional automotive technicians must ensure that they or their waste haulers dispose of waste that contains brake or clutch dust including wet rags used to wipe this dust in accordance with Federal and local regulations including the OSHA asbestos waste disposal regulations OSHA regulations 29 CFR 1910 1001 k 6 and 29 CFR 1910 1001 j 4 require that before waste containers with brake
57. e Engineers standards established for either machine If your shop uses recovery only equipment it must meet SAE J 2209 standards while recovery recycling equipment must meet SAE J 1990 standards Do not use home built non approved equipment to recycle refrigerants Always keep hoses in good condition and only replace hoses on the vehicle or your equipment with the correct type Additionally your facility must notify the EPA that you own lease or use approved refrigerant recovery or recycling equipment You need only do this one time Additional recycling equipment or updates of approved equipment do not require notification Summary Refrigerants can do significant damage to the atmosphere and the ozone layer in particular Thankfully the governments of the world are aware of this and are working hard to regulate the production of CFCs worldwide You can do your part by making sure that no R 12 is released by your shop into the atmosphere Recovery and recycling of all types of refrigerant using the proper certified equipment is essential If you have any questions about how to handle refrigerant please ask your manager or Supervisor Mechanical Pollution Prevention Batteries Learning Objectives e Understand proper handling of damaged and used batteries e Recognize proper storage of damaged and used batteries Used Batteries e Unusable lead acid batteries are a hazardous waste However used batteries are recyclable Batteries
58. e constantly moving cars on and off the street and in and out of stalls at repair facilities Accidents can happen just as easily in the shop as on the road Don t Underestimate the Risks In your type of business because there are so many people who are operating vehicles as a part of their job the risk is even higher Although you may think that the likelinood of being involved in a work related auto accident is minimal because the vast majority of your driving will be done in or near your community the facts indicate otherwise The truth is that your chances of being involved in a car crash close to home are much greater than drivers making long trips r7 iin eee re ee eee facts and stats According to the National Automobile Dealers Association most accidents occur within 25 miles of our homes and at speeds under 45 miles per hour Motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of work related fatalities in the United States Given these statistics you need to be at your very best when driving your vehicle and that starts before the wheels even begin to move Before you Begin Driving Here is the seven point pre start checklist recommended by the National Safety Council facts and stats for all drivers 1 2 Buckle seatbelts and make sure they re properly fastened During the last 20 years an estimated 157 500 lives have been saved by safety belts Adjust mirrors Three out of ten NSC
59. e cords are at high risk of damage by activities in the area movement across the floor sharp edges staples or fastenings abrasion from rubbing against things or simply by aging If the outside covering wears and the conductor becomes exposed even a bit over a period of time there will be danger of shocks burns or fire Splices and Terminations Flexible cords are to be used only in continuous lengths which also means no splicing or taping Remember electricity wants to find its way off the cord and into the ground by the easiest means possible even if that means YOU A spliced cord presents just that kind of opportunity Electricity is also most likely to leap where there is water Flexible cords should be connected to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided which will prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws Strain occurs at the ends of the cord either at the plug or the receptacle Worn frayed or cracked flexible cords should be discarded and replaced Never carry a tool by its cord Always pull a cord from a receptacle by its plug not the cord itself Common Sense Electrical Safety Procedures There are a number of common sense safety procedures that can help prevent electrical accidents e Make sure you know where electrical shut offs are e Inspect electrical equipment and wires before use to make sure they re properly insulated and grounded e Don t de energize or
60. e plastics On this type of fire use water or dry chemical extinguishers classified ABC e Class B fires Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline kerosene paint paint thinners and propane This type of fire would require a CO or dry chemical extinguisher e Class C fires Energized electrical equipment such as appliances switches panel boxes and power tools Again use CO or dry chemical extinguishers e Class D fires Involving combustible metals such as magnesium sodium spills and in depth potassium sodium potassium alloys uranium and powdered aluminum This special type of fire requires a dry powder sodium chloride extinguisher Do not use this type of extinguisher on class A B or C fires Types of Fire Extinguishers Continued Below are examples of the four types of extinguishers used in the automotive repair facility environment keep in mind Class A Class B Water Extinguisher CO2 Extinguisher Wood and paper Flammable fluids Class C Class D CO2 Extinguisher Special Agents Electrical Combustible Metals I 1 Ls et i rm i mS tm i mr i in nm i nm i inr in in in i nl Gn in am pa t a t d a o d d a a a a a e a a a jat p p j je at jamt amt a ai Additional Fire Extinguisher Facts Make it a habit to exercise some personal responsibility Reach over when you walk by a fire extinguisher and check the tag and gauge Help management know if a fire extinguisher is out of date or has low
61. e things that can be done to keep people from slipping on floors e Anytime oil or fluids are spilled on the floor immediately clean them up using the right drying method e Mark a slippery area with an easy to use tent sign that says Caution Slippery Floor e Have the proper absorbents in an easy to find place to quickly put on spills e Wear slip resistant footwear All that s required here is some common sense and some personal responsibility lf you re responsible for the floor being oily or wet clean it up or wipe it up Don t wait for someone else to do it Procrastination means you or someone else could get hurt Footwear In workplaces where floors may be slick or where workers may encounter foot hazards both of which are a very real possibility in the automotive repair environment the use of proper footwear can help prevent slips and falls Since there is no one type of shoe or boot that protects people from all types of hazards you should consult with a footwear supplier on what type of footwear is most appropriate for your working conditions Cluttered Floors Clutter that ends up in the aisles or in the middle of the floor is an accident waiting to happen Leaving a floor jack or a bucket in the aisle even for just a second is an easy way to trip up a co worker or yourself Keeping high traffic areas of your shop clear of tools or debris is everyone s responsibility Once again common sense and personal responsibility
62. ed in automotive repair facilities such as engine lifts and transmission jacks The same rules apply to these Read the manuals and have an experienced technician show you how to use them Lift on Level Ground Always lift cars on evel ground never on tilted floors or floors with different heights If at any time something feels funny or the balance doesn t look right stop what you are doing and rethink the use of the tool and or get a second opinion Always trust your instincts when it comes to matters of safety If you think something is wrong you re probably right Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary The rules of safety for using equipment to lift vehicles are clear cut e Don t be afraid to ask for help if you don t know where to place a jack on a vehicle e NEVER get under a raised vehicle without a jack stand or safe secondary support e f you ever have any trouble lifting a car or have any questions about techniques or safety please ask your manager supervisor for help Following these rules will help keep both you and the vehicles you work on from harm Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Welding Learning Objectives e Understand the ways in which weldin
63. ed solvent should never be poured in drains poured outside or thrown away in dumpsters Remember to keep the proper manifests and paperwork from your solvent recycler or hazardous waste transporter in your environmental file with all other paperwork Catalytic Converters Catalytic converters help reduce the engine s tailpipe emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide Mechanical shops often do not recognize some important issues concerning the converter e The shop must replace a vehicle s catalytic converter based on that specific vehicle s requirements in order to comply with EPA regulations e Used or non functioning catalytic converters must be kept by the repairer for 15 days after removal from the car and tagged with the car make date of removal and repair order number e Installers are prohibited from installing aftermarket catalytic converters on vehicles still covered under the vehicle manufacturer s emission control warranty e Catalytic converters are easily recycled due to the rare metals they contain and recyclers often pay shops for their used or non functioning catalytic converters e Customer work invoices statements and warranties for catalytic converter replacement must be kept for a minimum of six months Underground and Above Ground Storage Tanks Mechanical shops generally do not have storage tanks on site unless they heat with oil The EPA has very stringent and specific laws regarding leaks in undergrou
64. edium spills 1 If oil is present use a hydrophobic mop This mop primarily absorbs oil not water or antifreeze Do not use side to side motions to pick up the oil A blotting method is best Once collected transfer the oil to your recycling container and you are done 2 Antifreeze must be picked up using a cloth mop at which point you can transfer it to your antifreeze recycling container 3 Finalize cleanup by using rags but do not let the rags become saturated Send rags to an approved laundry or dispose of them properly 4 Use awet mop only if necessary for final cleanup Before disposing of any cleanup water in the sink or drain check with your local sewage agency first to find out about state and local regulations Summary While this material may seem repetitive spills and floor drain pollution are some of the most common EPA violations Shops may believe that they are in compliance by disposing of their waste fluids properly but then be fined by the EPA because they do not dispose of their contaminated waste absorbents properly It s important that you Know how to handle small and large spills as well as oil paint and antifreeze spills You also need to know how to handle used absorbents and how to dispose of them properly Of course you can find more related material in the Floor Drains course but if you need any further assistance please ask your manager supervisor Mechanical Pollution Prevention Air Conditioning
65. ehaviors of a co worker are visible to everyone working with or around them As a result more opportunities are likely to exist for individuals to speak up and start an intervention of some type Violence originating from external sources can sometimes be more difficult to anticipate Violence by Someone with a Personal Relationship to the Employee Violence of a personal nature is committed by an assailant who has some personal relationship with the employee outside of the workplace This could include A current or former spouse A lover A relative A friend An acquaintance This type of violence is typically driven by some real or perceived difficulties or problems in the relationship or by psychological issues the assailant may be experiencing Although this type of violence accounts for a much smaller number of the fatal workplace injuries compared to violence by strangers the fact that someone would show up at an individual s workplace to confront them should be considered a serious warning sign and should never be ignored And while workplace violence is committed by both males and females violence that develops out of a male and female relationship will typically will be male on female in nature Violence by Customers Violence by customers involves things such as being verbally threatened threatening behavior or physical assaults by someone who has received service from your facility or is in need of receiving service
66. electrical equipment for any problems or disrepair Keep your equipment clean and in good order If the equipment does not look sound smell or work quite right turn it off and report it It s better to be safe than sorry Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Slips and Falls Learning Objectives e Recognize the underlying causes for slips and falls in the workplace e identify the steps that can be taken to minimize the opportunity for accidents to occur e Understand that safety on the job is everyone s responsibility Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention No Laughing Matter There s probably no one alive today who could tell us the first time someone laughed at the classic slipping on a banana peel gag Whether it s the old days of vaudeville or the movies and TV of today the sight of somebody falling down is usually a guaranteed laugh facts and stats According to a survey done by the Bureau of Labor Statistics several years ago there are almost 3 000 nonfatal and almost 700 fatal work related falls occurring annually However falling in the workplace is no laughing matter Occupational falls are associated with high rates of lost time from work and medical costs Therefore it is in everyone s best interests to understand the risks involved and learn ways to avoid this type of hazard Why Is It Happening In the automotive repair industry there are primarily four common causes for pe
67. en gases build up in the common car battery and old batteries can get cracks in the case or around the posts When using jumper cables on a car battery sparks can fly at the post Any amount of hydrogen escaping is capable of igniting immediately The tops of many batteries have blown upward right into the face of a technician The effects of battery acid to your eyes would be devastating e During Machine Inspection While leaning over a running engine the air being pulled through the radiator can loosen a tiny particle in the engine compartment or a tiny piece of fan belt can choose exactly that moment to dislodge Also though remote there is the chance that a radiator hose could burst or cap unseat and hot antifreeze spray upward damaging the eye Once again the potential for serious injury to the eye is preventable if you are wearing protective eyewear The Importance of Safety Glasses In addition to the pain of injury there are a number of costs incurred e The costs in medical bills e The costs in time off e The resulting rate increases in insurance that occur All of this occurs because even some of the most well intentioned workers don t take the time to pick up a pair of safety glasses Not all glasses are approved for the work you do so check with a supervisor before you begin any work The law says employers must make sure that employees have the right protective eye wear and that they know how and when to use tt so there
68. ency or state approved method Used Oil Filters Many mechanical shops don t realize that throwing an improperly drained oil filter into the trash dumpster is a violation that can carry heavy penalties An EPA inspector will always look in the dumpster of a shop during an inspection Oil filters are an often overlooked hazardous waste source found in mechanical shops Typically body shops only occasionally replace oil filters while mechanical shops properly recycle oil filters all the time Mechanics have hot draining systems while body shops do not Many body shops do not know there is a simple and proper procedure for oil filter disposal Proper Handling There are several different ways to handle used oil filters Locate a used oil filter recycler in your area and professionally recycle the filter All body shops have relationships with local mechanical shops you can pay to have a mechanic dispose of the filter properly e Puncture the oil filter and hot drain for 24 hours Remember the following points when dealing with used oil e Put collected oil in a container marked Used Oil Only e Locate a scrap recycler who will take the used filter e Check with your solid waste landfill to see if properly drained used oil filters are acceptable Used Oil From the Public Accepting used oil from the public may pose potential liabilities for an auto shop owner if the oil is contaminated or not truly used oil It can result in substan
69. ery that is cracked or has obvious leaks if this is the case the battery should be replaced not recharged In addition to these risks to you personally there are risks to the vehicle as well as you ll learn on the next page What are the Risks Continued Before attempting to jump start a vehicle make certain that headlights blinkers air conditioning radio CD player navigational devices and any other type of electronic equipment are turned off Jump starting can send high voltage coursing through your vehicles electrical system which can potentially damage or even destroy any of these devices keep in mind Also make certain that both vehicles transmissions are placed in park or neutral if the vehicle has a manual transmission Remember to put the emergency brake on when the car is in neutral to prevent any vehicle movement during the jump Starting process How is it Done The steps involved in the jump starting process are very simple e Attach one end of one jumper cable to the positive usually marked terminal of the stalled vehicle e Attach the other end of that same cable to the positive terminal of the starting vehicle s battery e Attach one end of the other jumper cable to the negative usually marked terminal of the starting vehicle e Attach the other end of the second cable to some type of ground at a minimum of 12 inches away from the battery on the stalled vehicle This can be any
70. es get under a car without a jack stand or safe secondary support Be careful not to use non approved or makeshift jack stands such as unrated concrete or cinder blocks pipes or home welded alternatives Some water pipes do not have the same strengths as the special steels that rated jack stands and supports do Also when conducting work under an automobile always wear your safety glasses to prevent eye injury Ask if You Don t Know Where to Place the Jack Regardless of what type of jack you use for lifting the car in your shop please be sure you know where to place it on the vehicle for your safety and the protection of the vehicle New technicians apprentices and entry level workers don t realize how vulnerable a car is to damage from a misplaced jack If you re not sure where the jack should go please ask someone for help Areas on a vehicle where you should not place a jack are Steering arm Floor pan Crankshaft pulley Driveshaft Each car has specific and safe jacking points so do not place a lift if you are not sure You can check the owner s manual for designated support points for jacking your vehicle ask an experienced technician or ask you manager or supervisor Be Sure to Take the Extra Precautions For added safety engage the parking brake before jacking the vehicle and use wheel chocks at the end of the vehicle opposite the jack to guard against rolling There are other types of lifting and jacking devices us
71. ess of drug use and knowledge of violence in a prospective employee s past can help you avoid hiring someone who would bring known risk factors into your workplace e Making it known that violence of any kind will not be tolerated in your workplace It is important that all employees are made aware that even the threat of violence will not be tolerated Consequently any act of intimidation bullying or harassment will be considered a violent act and will subject the perpetrator to disciplinary action including termination of their employment Steps for Limiting Violence by Co workers Continued Taking ALL threats of violence seriously In some organizations employees will not report suspicious behavior for fear that they will be ignored or not taken seriously The behaviors and attitudes that we identified as suspicious earlier in this course don t necessarily mean that an individual will commit an act of violence but you should still report all suspicious behavior that occurs It is essential that employers step up in matters relating to employee violence and do a thorough investigation into the details surrounding any incident Being extra cautious is the best approach to take Seeking the help of professionals before terminating a potentially violent employee If you feel that there is a possibility that terminating an employee might result in violence contact your local law enforcement officials If you have any concerns about an empl
72. fell over and the top cracked or broke off the surge of oxygen outward would propel the tank just like a rocket Evidence of the kind of power this generates can be seen in the Hollywood movie Jaws in a scene in which a diver s compressed air tanks were used to literally blow up the villainous great white shark Acetylene Although the oxygen tank is a significant concern the more dangerous part in this dual tank combination is the highly flammable acetylene gas This is the fuel for the high energy welding or cutting torch and it like the oxygen is also compressed Acetylene is a gas which burns rapidly on its own and is considered highly explosive f gauges are not properly set up if users aren t trained properly if gas isn t turned off and if tanks are not stored properly the level of danger is extremely high Tank Storage and Transport Tanks not in use must be affixed in such a manner that they cannot fall over This can mean special storage holders or at a minimum fastening the tanks to a secure structure such as a wall Also be sure you know exactly what s in a tank before you handle it Read the label and follow these general safety guidelines e Store cylinders in dry ventilated areas on a fireproof floor away from flammables or heat sources e Transport cylinders by strapping them to carts so they don t fall or bang into each other never drop or roll a cylinder e Use cylinders only in areas with good ventilation
73. g another vehicle too closely is potentially a very dangerous act so always be aware of situations that may require you to hit your brakes in a hurry Be sure to always leave enough room between your vehicle and the one in front of you No matter what the circumstances are that created the situation if you hit someone from behind you are going to be considered at fault Be particularly alert in heavy traffic situations Always Follow the Two Second Rule To be sure that you re not following other vehicles too closely follow the two second rule Pick a fixed landmark and watch the vehicle in front of you pass it Count one thousand and one one thousand and two and if you pass the landmark before finishing the eight words you re following too closely Also realize that the bigger the vehicle you re driving the more distance you need to stop If you are driving a large pick up truck SUV or van a three second rule would be even better Do You Know About No Zones pa At some point during most work days your driving may require you to be on multi lane highways If that s the case you will need to be familiar with the concept of the No Zone No Zones are the areas on both sides behind and in front of large commercial vehicles where blind spots occur Your car is invisible in these No Zones f you can t see the truck driver s mirrors they probably can t see you Be very careful driving around large trucks and remember
74. g can be dangerous and cause injuries e ldentify ways to protect yourself from injuries when welding Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Raw Power All one needs to do is watch a welder in action to appreciate the amount of energy and power being generated Just the appearance of the personal protective equipment the professional welder wears is intimidating This raw power can be very dangerous if used by one who is unprepared or untrained In the pages that follow we will discuss the types of welding equipment most commonly used in the automotive repair environment the risks that are inherent in the welding process and the steps that can be taken to ensure the safety of the welder and the people around him or her There are two types of welders commonly used around mechanical and body shops e Oxygen Acetylene Welder e Gas Metal Arc Welder Regardless of the ieee of equipment used there i is one important point that cannot be stressed enough Never use any type of welding equipment without receiving the appropriate training 3 Oxygen Acetylene Welder The oxygen acetylene welder has two tanks of highly compressed gases that when combined with a spark create an amazing amount of heat in a controlled flame One of the tanks used in this process contains O2 or pure oxygen Pure oxygen helps things burn rapidly meaning it s under tremendous pressure in the tank If the tank
75. gerant R 12 e The Clean Air Act ended all production of refrigerant R 12 as of January 1 1996 There are still many vehicles driving around that have refrigerant R 12 in their systems however And in with the new refrigerant R 134a and beyond e The most common refrigerant around today is R 134a although manufacturers are considering and using other refrigerants as well There are aftermarket conversion methods for older vehicles with R 12 and replacements for R 134a arriving that seem to have much less CFC content Significant New Alternatives Policy In 1994 the Environmental Protection Agency established the SNAP Program to review alternatives to ozone depleting substances like CFC 12 Under the authority of the 1990 Clean Air Act the EPA examines new substitutes for their ozone depleting global warming flammability and toxicity characteristics The EPA has determined that several refrigerants are acceptable for use as CFC 12 replacements in motor vehicle air conditioning systems subject to certain use conditions In order to view an updated list of approved refrigerants online click on the following link www epa gov ozone snap refrigerants lists mvacs html It s a Crime to Release CFCs The United States has taken the release of CFCs by the automotive industry very seriously Since 1992 releasing refrigerant R 12 into the atmosphere has been a criminal offense All CFC HCFC and HFC refrigerants need to be recovered
76. gov Most Common Accidents Injuries and Health Issues In the modules to follow you will learn about the most common reasons for work related accidents injuries and health related issues By paying attention to and using the information included you will be able to avoid the pain inconvenience and loss of time and money caused by such accidents and illnesses Do your job correctly the safe way Make safety a habit and then share your own safe attitude and habits with your co workers This is important for their safety and your own Remember their actions also affect you Mechanical Safety Course Modules Here are the subject modules of the Mechanical Safety course Avoiding Injury in the Workplace Respirators Air Quality Fires Electrical Slips and Falls Power Tools Lifts Welding Blood borne Pathogens Operating Vehicles Jump Starting Violence in the Workplace Chemicals and MSDS Following these modules is the Final Exam There are 38 questions in the exam and the passing score is 80 Optional Modules Three optional modules are also available for you to review as part of the Mechanical Safety course Lockout Tagout Confined Spaces Forklifts Each of the optional modules ends with a quiz but these subjects are not included in the Mechanical Safety course Final Exam Summary Safety is everyone s responsibility The federal government can mandate it employers can do their best to train the employees in their
77. hat you ll know what to do if the time ever comes Without a plan important minutes can be lost that could literally mean the difference between life and death for you and your coworkers Be smart be safe and be prepared Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Electrical Learning Objectives Understand the danger of electricity Identify the most common potential electrical hazards Describe electrical safety issues in warehouse type operations Learn ways to protect yourself when working around live wires and parts Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Electrical Safety This module is designed for non electricians It will give the simplest of overviews on how electricity works Electricity provides us with a great many benefits It provides energy for our lights and powers things both on the job and at home It is such a normal part of our lives that we often take it for granted and we forget that electricity can be very dangerous especially on the job As professionals in the automotive industry we work with a variety of electrically powered equipment and tools on a daily basis As we risk possible exposure to a variety of different injuries And yet electrical devices have become so well built and doubly insulated that many of us have never experienced even a minor electrical shock Whether it s due to insufficient knowledge regarding electrical hazards or because we take electrical safety
78. he need for quality drills air ratchets grinders and air nozzles These are the tools of their trade and to do their job well they need equipment that s up to the task They realize that work is easier when you pick the right tool for the right job It is also very important that all technicians have a healthy respect for the power tools they work with The word power implies that there is something besides the muscle the technicians themselves provide that make the tools work It may be the power of electricity or it may be the power of compressed air Regardless of the type it is critical to the health and well being of the technician to understand that improper use or handling of this power can result in serious injury or even death Follow Manufacturer Recommendations One way of ensuring proper tool usage is to read the manufacturer s instructions for the use and maintenance of their products All manufacturers provide clear recommendations for the safe handling of their equipment Unfortunately some technicians sometimes use tools for purposes other than that for which they were designed or use them in an otherwise unsafe manner Anytime someone chooses to use a tool inappropriately they are putting themselves and possibly others around them at risk Be smart and be safe Use Personal Protective Equipment Personal protective equipment is as important to a technician as any tool they might use In the process of grinding sand
79. he spill may actually become hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly is also important Spills Drips and Drums Spills come in all sizes from a few drops on the floor to an uncapped drum accidentally being turned over A large solvent or waste oil spill can undoubtedly be messy but the mess is the least of the problems Potentially a large spill can be e Anenvironmental threat if it gets into drains e A dangerous fire hazard e Harmful to individuals either by coming in contact with their skin or as a result of breathing noxious fumes Proper cleanup is critical Absorbents are used to soak up leaks and spills within your shop You need to be aware that the absorbents may be picking up hazardous materials such as heavy metals antifreeze solvents or oil based fluids that should not be thrown away or disposed of in landfills Used Absorbents Hazardous Waste Used or contaminated absorbents must be treated as hazardous waste and placed in containers marked Used Absorbents Hazardous Waste The date of first use should also be on the container as well Do not mix different used absorbents Used socks or dams for oil should not be mixed with antifreeze or solvent absorbents Each should have its own specific labeled container Make sure the used absorbent container is in good shape and as further protection make sure the container has secondary containment either a container within a container or is positioned in a pla
80. hey even begin to make an incision They put on gloves Although they are doing some of the most delicate and precise manual work imaginable they still put on sterile gloves The reason for those gloves is to protect their patients and themselves from infection and disease Follow the surgeon s example and put on protective gloves before you begin your work Remember your hands are your most important tool It All Goes Together Like Hand in Glove The government has found that many injuries would never happen if a person put on equipment proven to protect them By wearing the correct protective equipment cuts scrapes and burns can usually be avoided There are a variety of different types of gloves that may be used to protect your hands It s important that the type you choose be dictated by the kind of work you will be doing e Heavy Cotton or Leather These types of gloves are best used in situations where the primary risk to your hands would be o Cuts Lacerations Punctures Abrasions Pinches Thermal burns e PVC dot tipped These are the gloves that have what appear to be small plastic dots on them This type of glove is best used when dealing with an item like glass for example where the risk of it slipping out of your hands is significant O O OO Long Term Problems Hazards That are Not So Obvious Long term problems can be worse than the instant pain of a cut that sends you to the emergency room for stit
81. ider Your employer in addition to providing respirators for your protection should be doing the following as well e Determining whether there are hazards in your shop explaining the possible causes of respiratory problems and explaining how you can best protect yourself e Making sure you use the correct respirator in a proper manner It is your responsibility to do the following for your own protection e You must keep your respirator clean and in good working condition e You should notify your employer if you have a respirator problem or any respiratory questions Don t Make Someone Ask Respirators will do a great job of keeping you safe but they can only help if you use them By law employers must either require you to use them or provide verbal warnings and then written warnings if you refuse You can be dismissed from your position if you decide that you either aren t going to wear a respirator or that you aren t going to wear the respirator correctly Good businesses want their employees to be safe and they will monitor the workplace to ensure that safety but they can t nor should they have to baby sit their employees at all times As a conscientious employee you should help yourself and the company you work for by always wearing your respirator properly and by reminding other workers who may not be protecting themselves correctly to do the same Fit Testing Respirators do a great job of protecting your respiratory hea
82. illness has a chance to occur is the responsible thing to do Respiratory Protection Rules By law employers are required to provide you with proper breathing equipment In addition each time an employee starts a job at a new business where clear working conditions or job requirements exist that require a respirator they must receive written approval from a physician or other licensed health care professional before fit testing for a respirator and before they use the respirator If you personally have any concerns about the need to use a respirator or whether you are properly protecting yourself with your current respirator see your Supervisor immediately after completing this course Fe ee ee ref a ee eg eee ey ee te em me ea eee eng ee ee ee eee A eng ee ame eee ere g ee ee ee eae eee ree E ee eg eae EE ee oe ee ee on a oe If you have not been trained on proper use of a respirator notify your supervisor or the safety and health representative after completing this course Let them know you need to be checked and fitted before proceeding further Annual Written Respiratory Review Currently employers are required by law to provide an annual written respiratory review for workers using respirators The form is filled out by the employee and then submitted to a physician or licensed health care professional who will then determine whether a physical checkup is necessary Points to Cover Points to Cons
83. ines etc n elevated situations where there is a danger of kicking something onto someone below the use of a two by four toeboard is required by OSHA PSS eS ee Poor Lighting Puts Employees at Risk It s just common sense A slip trip or fall is more likely to occur when workers can t see where they are going You can take all the other precautions and follow all the other suggestions outlined in this course but the bottom line is this if you can t see where you re going sooner or later an accident is going to happen Lighting should be carefully placed and maintained so that workers can see what s in their path and avoid hazards If you see a light that needs to be replaced or repaired either make a manager or supervisor aware of the situation Or if it s within your power to do so go ahead and change it yourself Your Brother s Keeper If you see a floor that s wet mop it up If you see oil on a floor put down some absorbent If an aisle is cluttered move the clutter In lieu of exercising one of these options at least make a manager or supervisor aware of the situation You might ask Why should I do it didn t make the mess PE E a E aa a a a EEE E a aaa Safety on the job is everyone s responsibility How would you feel if you saw that there was a wet spot on the floor and you didn t do anything about it and 30 minutes later somebody in your shop took a fall that put them in the hospital M
84. ing chiseling or drilling there is always the possibility that debris is going to fly up into your eye or you can be working in a tight spot and have a tool slip putting your hands at risk for injury PPE that should be used by every technician includes Goggles or safety glasses Gloves Ear plugs Respirators Work shoes or boots keep in mind You can be using a power tool properly from a technique perspective and still get hurt if you choose to operate it without donning protective gear For detailed information on PPE consult the S P2 courses on Avoiding Injury in the Workplace as well as Respirators Always Examine the Cord The cord on a power tool is the path that electricity follows from the power source to the tool itself Knowing that it s easy to see that a defective power cord is an accident waiting to happen In addition to the obvious personal risk of anything from a mild shock to electrocution there is also the risk of fire that exists if sparks from a defective power tool should ignite flammable materials in the shop Never use a tool with a cord that is worn or frayed The same advice applies to extension cords as well If the damage is obvious so is the risk Don t take a chance Replace the tool or the cord in question Sometimes a cord may be defective and not be obvious to the naked eye A short circuit locator can be run along the cords that are used in your shop which will locate shorts or open ci
85. int booth filters need to be changed Trucks need service The tops of vans need to be sanded for refinish Parts need to be accessed that may be stored on high shelves If you ve ever watched someone use a ladder it s very likely that at some point you ve seen them use the ladder incorrectly The likelihood that you will get hurt if you re using a ladder incorrectly is significant so consider the safety tips on the next page Ladders Continued First and foremost never get on a ladder without checking the weight restrictions note you need to factor the total of your weight plus the weight of the item s you re carrying on the ladder with you Ladders are classified by weight restrictions ne ne ee ee ee oe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee facts and stats Ladder TypeWeigh Limitation Type I A 300 pounds Type 250 pounds Type II 225 pounds Type Ill 200 pounds Never under any circumstances stand on the top step of a ladder If you make a habit of standing on the top step of a ladder it won t be a case of if you have an accident it will be a case of when you have an accident Make sure that the ladder s legs are rock solid Once again tempting fate by standing on a wobbly ladder is going to ultimately result in an accident Also avoid placing the ladder too far from or too close to the wall itself again due to issues of stability Straight ladders should be placed at a four to one ratio This mean
86. iolet rays were increasing In the 1980s however refrigerant and other CFC based products were found to be part of the problem CFCs when released evaporate and go high into the atmosphere They combine chemically with the ozone layer of the earth s atmosphere This thin protective layer of ozone is the primary reflector and filter of the sun s ultraviolet rays When CFCs reach the ozone layer they chemically interact and the ozone layer becomes thinner With more CFCs evaporating skyward significantly more ultraviolet rays are reaching earth Actual holes where no ozone exists at all have formed and are increasing in size Countries Meet on CFCs CO CHAIR Thinning of the ozone layer caused scientists and representatives from all over the world to come together to work at solving the problem In 1987 representatives from a number of countries met in Montreal Canada to develop agreements to reduce the amount of refrigerant and CFCs being used and released The outcome of that meeting is now known as the Montreal Protocol By March 31 1996 155 countries had agreed to the Montreal Protocol The results of the Montreal Protocol have affected every person working on vehicle or home air conditioning in the United States and most of the countries of the world More importantly the results of changing from CFCs to less dangerous materials make life better for every living thing Room for Improvement And so it was out with the old refri
87. ire prevention materials readily available Proper fire extinguishers should be very close to the person welding brazing or cutting Experienced welders will also always have large squirt bottles of water to cool the welded area or quickly quench small fires where hot sparks or particles may have landed Many welders will even keep a bucket of water or hose nearby Trained welders always wear the correct protective fireproof clothing and PPE with special attention paid to eye face and hand protection This would include eyewear that has ultraviolet protection They also should use ear protection In addition if local exhaust ventilation is not adequate or practical respiratory equipment should be used Aprons and fire resistant heavy leather gloves will help protect the hands and clothing Trained welders should always have an awareness of what s going on around their personal workspace Even shoestrings can catch fire from the hot bb s of spatter and slag that are byproducts of the welding process Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary Even with training you can never be too careful around welding equipment With that in mind remember the following Under no circumstance shou
88. ition of receiving the vaccine Employees must sign a waiver if they choose not to be vaccinated but may later opt to receive the vaccine at no cost Should booster doses be recommended by the USPHS employees must be offered them again at no cost Hepatitis B Vaccinations Continued When assigned to a job where you might be exposed to pathogens you should be offered the Hepatitis B Vaccination if you have not already had it The vaccine consists of three shots administered e Within 10 working days of assignment e One month later e And six months later For more information on the Hepatitis B Vaccination talk to your supervisor a licensed physician or health care professional Post Exposure Evaluation and Follow Up New laws make available to all employees who have had an exposure incident a post exposure evaluation The laboratory tests will be conducted by an accredited laboratory at no cost to the employee If you decide that you want a doctor to evaluate you the company must provide a confidential medical evaluation You can expect to be asked how the circumstances of exposure occurred and you may identify and also test the source individual if feasible This means that you may request testing the exposed employee s blood if he she consents All diagnoses must remain confidential Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are
89. k of or improper personal protective equipment Working in the automotive repair industry means you are exposed to potential risk factors every day Be careful be responsible and be safe Just like seat belts in an automobile or helmets on a motorcycle personal protective equipment can prevent serious injury on the job Click to Take Exam Learning Objectives e Understand the importance of proper respirator use e Recognize why respirator fit tests and medical requirements are necessary before using a respirator e Identify negative pressure and positive pressure respirators Training Content Provided by Pollution Prevention Awareness In automotive repair operations there are two important concerns that are directly related to each other They are e Anawareness of air pollution and air quality e The use of respirators when necessary Getting oxygen to your lungs is critical to your health and well being It s a simple biological fact that without oxygen you only have a few minutes to live Sadly some people think they are invincible and they allow their lungs and respiratory system to be damaged unnecessarily over a period of time By ignoring possible breathing problems and not using the appropriate personal protective equipment too many people allow irreparable damage to be done Mechanical Safety Respirators Air Quality e Employers and the government particularly the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
90. ld you use any kind of welding equipment without appropriate training When using these tools make sure you re not wearing anything made of metal and always wear your PPE If you have any questions or problems please contact your manager or supervisor Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Blood borne Pathogens Learning Objectives e Understand the dangers associated with blood borne pathogens e Recognize the potential for disease caused by pathogens e Identify different ways to prevent a blood borne pathogen infection Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention The Risk is Real Some of the most serious diseases imaginable are passed from person to person by coming into contact with blood or other bodily fluids from an infected individual Health care professionals are well informed and extremely sensitive to the risks of infection through exposure to disease causing pathogens that are carried in the blood It is important because of the risk of exposure to blood borne pathogens that exists in the automotive repair industry that you have an understanding and an awareness of what the risks are and how to avoid them The word pathogen sounds intimidating but in fact it s just a way of describing a disease causing agent like bacteria a virus or other types of micro organisms Although the opportunities for exposure in the automotive repair industry can t compare to those that exist in the medical pr
91. lth but only if they fit correctly Once you have the right respirator for the right environment you must be fitted and checked to make sure that you and the respirator work well together Since there are dozens of different styles and types of respirators there is a great deal of science and experience required to make sure you are protected If you change jobs you should expect to be asked to have a respirator fitted before you start working on the new job Negative Pressure Respirators One of the most commonly used respirators is the negative pressure respirator Negative pressure respirators work on a very simple principle When you inhale you pull air through a filter when you exhale a valve allows your used air to escape If filters aren t working check for the filter installation Also ifthe filters are clogged install new filters If you find smell contaminant check the exhale valves and seal to face It s hard to exhale icheck the exhale valves 3 Facial Changes If any changes to the shape of your face occur after the original fitting it is more than likely that your respirator may not work correctly By growing a beard moustache thicker sideburns or simply not shaving regularly and having noticeable stubble you may be causing subtle changes to the fit of your respirator that could put you at risk Similarly if you gain or lose a lot of weight the negative respirator may not work correctly for yo
92. ly Breaker boxes switches motor cutoffs and appliances must be marked and easy to understand and read The sign should indicate its purpose unless the switch or breaker is so closely located and arranged that the purpose is evident Electrical wires are like the branches of a tree and sometimes the cut off device is away from where the end use is taking place in your shop Therefore each service feeder branch circuit and its method of disconnect must be clearly marked to indicate its purpose These markings should be clear and durable since sometimes oils heat or just plain wear can cause them to become unreadable Signs should be clear and durable to withstand their environment Electricians sometimes call switches disconnects or a disconnecting means A disconnecting means is also a switch that is used to disconnect the circuit from the very source of electricity Disconnect switches or means are important because they stop the flow of electricity and protect workers and equipment i E i 1 7 E i i j E H 1 E f i he i m ee a a OSHA Regulations and Frequent Violations One OSHA electrical regulation is specifically aimed at reducing electrical accidents and injuries The detailed Electrical Safety Related Work Practices Standards are aimed at qualified employees who have training in avoiding the electrical hazards of working on or near exposed energized parts Qualified employees must be
93. mall area you may try a sterilant or disinfectant which effectively cleanup the material in question but will not do damage Sterilizing and Disinfecting Vehicles and Equipment Continued Sterilants disinfectants are liquid chemical agents registered with the Food and Drug Administration as a sterilant disinfectant Their use should be followed by aseptic rinsing with water and drying If the words sterilant disinfectant and the word sporicidal kills spores are on the label you can use the chemical for either sterilization or high level disinfection Be sure to follow the instructions on the label regarding appropriate contact times temperature and concentration You can use bleach or sterilants disinfectants to clean equipment such as face masks and respirators as well First read the manufacturer s directions then try a small spot to make sure it doesn t damage the surface Finish cleaning with common soap and water Hepatitis B Vaccinations 10 Days Laws require Hepatitis B Vaccinations to be made available within 10 working days to all employees who have occupational exposure to pathogens at no cost to the employee These shots are to be given at a reasonable time and place under the supervision of a licensed physician licensed healthcare professional and according to the latest recommendations of the U S Public Health Service USPHS If you have had a pathogen exposure prescreening may not be required as a cond
94. motive repair environment however raises the stakes considerably You are constantly working around things that are sharp hot and heavy Step on sharp metal and you may not have enough protection in the sole of your shoe to prevent penetration into the sole of your foot Drop something heavy and without reinforced toes in your shoes you re probably looking at a broken bone Comfort is important but we suggest you forgo the issue of style and focus your attention on protection Getting Where You Want to Go When it comes to getting from point A to point B most of us probably think of driving in our cars The truth is most of our transportation comes courtesy of our two feet Think about all the walking you do during the course of a single day in your shop If you hurt or injure a foot it s guaranteed that you will give a great deal of thought to the amount of walking you do lf you are at risk of any of the following you need to give serious consideration to investing in protective footwear Heavy objects falling on or rolling over your feet Sharp objects piercing your shoe Exposure to corrosive agents Exposure to electricity What is Protective Footwear Typically good protective footwear is a sturdy shoe or boot over the ankle is recommended made of leather rubber or a synthetic material Good protective shoes have an impact resistant toe and non skid soles with rubber or synthetic treads to prevent slips and falls
95. n Sharp Metal Sheet Metal Immediate Injury Leather Heavy Cotton Glass Handling Immediate Injury Leather Heavy Cotton PVC Dot Tipped Welding Immediate Injury Leather Cotton Flame Resistant New Oil or Antifreeze Varies None or Nitrile Latex Used Oil or Antifreeze Long Term Nitrile or Latex Degreasing Solvents Long Term Nitrile Thinners Paint Solvents Long Term Nitrile The Sound of Music We ve already addressed the vision issue Now imagine for just a moment not being able to hear your favorite song or the voices of your children We are talking about an issue that you just can t put a price tag on What makes hearing loss so devastating is that by the time you realize something is happening it s usually too late to do anything about it Plus when you experience hearing loss the damage is irreversible The best you can hope to do Is to use hearing aids to compensate for it The only way to avoid this is to be proactive and wear ear protectors Ear protectors filter out the damaging noise while still allowing you to hear people talking to you Regardless of what kind of work you do in the automotive repair industry you will be working in an environment where it can at times get extremely noisy How do you know if you need to wear ear protectors If you are in an environment operating power tools working around running engines etc where you can t hear what a co worker is saying without them signific
96. n spills as well as uncommon incidents involving radiological nuclear and biological incidents Solvent spills are always considered hazardous as are the absorbents used to clean them up because they remain flammable after use Oil spills make the absorbents used for picking up the spill a hazardous waste even if the oil itself is not considered a hazardous waste The reason is that oil absorbents may not be placed in landfills Some oil absorbent materials like pads or socks may allow you to squeeze or drain most of the oil into a used oil container and may be reused unlike solvent absorbents Antifreeze spills are usually not flammable With antifreeze however the major concern is the antifreeze going into the drain or onto open ground The absorbents used to clean up antifreeze should be treated as hazardous waste as well Smaller Spills If the spill is bigger than what can be wiped up with three shop rags then you should consider using e Floor dry compounds which should then be recycled by an authorized recycler e Hydrophobic mops When the small spill is a gasoline or solvent then use a dry absorbent and handle it as hazardous waste If the spill can be cleaned up with three rags or less then wring out the rags if you are picking up oil or antifreeze into the used oil and antifreeze containers and store the rags appropriately for recycling or cleaning Four Tips Here are some ideas for dealing with small to m
97. n such as e Warnings e Directions on proper usage e First aid information in case of exposure or an emergency Working with chemicals does not have to be hazardous to your health if you will take the time to familiarize yourself with the products you ll be working with With proper handling and with the use of appropriate personal protective equipment you minimize the risks significantly MSDS More In Depth Information The primary difference between the product label and the MSDS is that the MSDS contains a much more detailed level of information than a chemical s product label Please bear in mind that the time to become familiar with the information on the MSDS is before you begin working with the chemicals You would also want to refer to the sheets to solve other problems such as what to do in case of leakage or a spill It is important that you understand that the MSDS may be written in highly technical language The good news is that after you read a few or receive some explanations they will become much easier to understand Health Explanations Here are some fairly simple explanations of terms that you may see on an MSDS or a label that pertain to your health These terms will tend to be consistent from one MSDS to the next so what you learn here should be applicable to any MSDS that you might use Acute or chronic effects A chemical that is acutely toxic can injure you after a single exposure Alternately chemicals
98. n the metal circuit box your body is being protected from becoming a conductor through which electricity can travel Any leakages will find their way in most instances to the ground wire first and not to you OSHA Rules for Controlling Electricity The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has some very detailed regulations designed to keep electricity from becoming a hazard in the workplace e Control panels or switch boxes that could produce dangers or sparks must be enclosed e Electrical equipment of 50 volts or more must be kept in separate rooms or enclosures behind partitions or stored at least eight feet above the ground e There must be a 30 inch minimum clearance in front of electrical equipment that has less than 600 volts Electrical equipment over 600 volts must be locked or guarded behind an eight foot fence Keep Switches and Breakers Clear Most businesses make it a point not to store anything in front of major switches and breakers Because they are energized many companies paint lines in front of the switches and breakers to prevent anything from accidentally being parked or placed in the way in case they must be turned off in an emergency keep in mind Nothing should be in front of or block switches or breakers Fast Life Saving Switches GFCI s Since the 1980s switches have been developed to save lives from electrical short circuits You may have one in your home and new homes are required by
99. nal tips thrown in for good measure Rags You will find the two classifications of rags below e Hazardous Rags or wipes that you do not reuse or are solvent contaminated may be considered hazardous waste Rags or wipes are also hazardous waste if they have a hazardous characteristic such as ignitability or toxicity e Non Hazardous If you are able to reuse or recycle your solvent contaminated rags or wipes they are usually not considered a solid or hazardous waste provided that they are managed in an environmentally safe manner Managing Contaminated Rags Here are some suggestions for how to deal with contaminated rags and wipes Wipes that are recyclable should not be dripping when they are put in storage containers Store rags in a container that says Used Solvent Rags Only Do not place materials contaminated with different solvents into the same container Do not put other waste in a container of solvent contaminated rags or wipes Handle solvent contaminated rags or wipes using a legitimate management practice such as a professional laundering dry cleaning service Usually no license or manifest is needed for transporting your rags or removing the solvents if this activity is done at either your shop or at the laundry dry cleaning facility where the rags or wipes are taken for cleaning Rags are not recommended for landfills and are most often professionally burned for energy recovery if they cannot be cleaned Solvent
100. nce Be aware of the Top 10 environmental challenges in a mechanical repair and do your part to make sure that your shop s waste stream is managed and disposed of properly Please take the time to study and learn the information in this course If you have any questions refer back to the material You can make a difference starting now Mechanical Pollution Prevention Oil and Similar Fluids Learning Objectives Identify which fluids can and cannot be mixed with used oil Understand how to properly manage used oil Recognize the proper ways to handle used oil filters Determine the issues concerning accepting used oil from the general public Used Oil Used oil is not always considered hazardous if managed in a prescribed manner Recently however more than 30 percent of the states in the United States have designated used oil as a hazardous or special waste The correct management of waste oil may vary by state therefore you should check with your state to find out specific details and to make sure that you are not breaking any laws facts and stats properly disposed National sources estimate that between 95 and 180 million gallons of motor oil are poured into drains down sewers or thrown away each year in comparison the Exxon Valdez oil tanker disaster involved only 10 Did you know that the motor oil from one oil change will contaminate one million gallons of drinking water if not million gallons of oil spilled
101. nd storage tanks Should you have concerns regarding tanks in the ground or regarding a possible leak with an existing underground or above ground tank please refer to the Virtual Auto Service Shop and the two sections entitled Underground Storage Tanks and Storage Tanks for standards and solutions Mercury Mercury is a metal which is found in a liquid state at room temperature All most people know about mercury is that it is most commonly recognizable as the silver metal inside glass thermometers Mercury is also however a nerve toxin that can be very damaging to our health It can impair the way we see hear walk and talk When mercury is deposited in lakes or waterways bacteria ingest it and convert it to methyl mercury Methyl mercury contaminates the food chain and builds up in the tissue of fish and of wildlife and humans who eat the fish or wildlife Because of high mercury concentrations in the fish several Great Lakes states issue advisories each year cautioning people to limit how much fish they eat Mercury Continued Common items that are around shops and vehicles that have mercury are Lamps bulbs Mercury vapor lamps fluorescent lamps metal halide lamps high pressure sodium lamps neon lamps High intensity headlamps Anti lock braking system switches Some types of instrument panel light bulbs Convenience lighting switches Back lit instruments Family entertainment system Navigational display Hood light
102. ng e Burned with coal at very low emissions levels as an energy source In some areas you may find that recycling of tires is mandatory Check with your state or local environmental agency office for more information When handling tires do not forget that most wheel and tire assemblies are balanced using lead weights Always remove the lead weights and keep them segregated from other metals Most battery recyclers are happy to recycle your weights by melting them down for use in another form Recycling should also be a consideration for damaged aluminum and magnesium wheels Summary The bottom line is that tires must be recycled Tires that are piled stacked or dumped illegally can lead to a variety of hazards that can affect your employees and the environment If you need help with recycling you can always call 1 877 EARTH911 Mechanical Pollution Prevention Other Sources Learning Objectives e Understand proper management of rags solvents sheet metal parts stored outside and plastic pieces e Recognize the regulations concerning catalytic converters e Identify other sources that affect a shop s environmental Introduction In previous modules of this course we ve discussed the more significant potential causes of pollution in an automotive repair facility There are however a few less significant ones that need to be addressed as well We will also cover some additional methods to help you stay in compliance with some additio
103. ng such as uniforms into plastic bags and label Clothing Contains Blood on the bag e Dispose of gloves by turning them inside out and wrapping them in a protective bag before discarding e Wash your hands arms and face thoroughly with soap and water after cleanup Should you come to work with an open cut or wound you will need to be particularly careful when handling contamination If your open cut or wound is ever exposed to contamination an antimicrobial surgical hand scrub should be used as soon as possible Also notify your supervisor and contact a doctor as soon as possible Employers Provide PPE Employers are required to provide and employees are required to use appropriate personal protective equipment Examples are latex nitrile or vinyl gloves which are all appropriate for working around blood borne pathogens For cleaning up glass or sharp objects that may have blood on them it is best to use protective nitrile type gloves under heavier work gloves to reduce the risk of puncturing the nitrile gloves Fay ee ae ee ee ee ee eye ee ee we ee eee ee ey ee ace ee ee ee ey a ee ee eee Ge eee ee ee eee ee Ge ep eee Ge eye ee eee ee ee fee ee ee Ge ee ae epee ee ee Ge ee ee epee ee ee ee eal When working with gloves keep in mind this Important point Never use protective gloves more than once nor try to clean them Reusable clothing such as washable work gloves and uniforms should be washed using a normal laundry
104. ngerous or suspicious to our manager or supervisor While it is impossible to guarantee that any workplace will be 100 percent safe from acts of violence it is possible to have a plan and for each individual to follow the suggestions and guidelines outlined in this course In so doing the likelihood that you or someone you know will become a victim of workplace violence is significantly reduced Click to Take Exam Mechanical Safety Chemicals and the MSDs Learning Objectives e Understand what a Material Safety Data Sheet is e Recognize how an MSDS is used e ldentify some of the dangers associated with chemicals used in the automotive industry Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Visiting the Grocery Store We re going to begin our discussion of chemicals and material safety data sheets in what might seem to be a very unusual place the grocery store AO SS Hs Aici Americans primarily motivated by the baby boomer generation have become a very health conscious people It s virtually impossible to walk through a grocery store today a without seeing someone examining the nutrition facts typically located on the back label of most food products They are looking at the contents to determine how the following items impact them Calories Protein Carbohydrates Fat Sugar Sodium Checking the Label American eaters are highly conscious of what is in their food and they study how i
105. nges in a mechanical repair can help you identify possible sources of pollution Bear in mind however that this list is not all inclusive Therefore you should take it upon yourself to become aware of all sources of hazardous waste within your shop If ever taken to court for improper disposal of waste you will find that not Knowing is not an adequate defense for violating environmental laws The shop owner general manager or department manager must a ways make sure that hazardous waste is disposed of correctly facts and stats Top 10 Environmental Challenges in Mechanical Repair 1 Oil amp Other Similar Fluids 2 Antifreeze 3 Floor Drains 4 Absorbents and Spills 5 Air Conditioning Freon 6 Batteries 7 Asbestos 9 Paint Booth Filters 10 Absorbents and Spills Waste Stream Pollution or waste that is generated from a business is called a waste stream If something needs to be thrown out disposed of taken away or taken off the premises then it becomes part of the waste stream Here are some examples of a shop s potential waste stream facts and stats Waste Categories Related Mechanical Waste Ignitable Parts cleaner rags acetylene Reactive None obvious or common to mechanical shops Corrosive Broken damaged batteries Toxic Lead chromium cadmium mercury and benzene can be found in antifreeze thinner parts cleaner or rags All hazardous waste generated in a mechanical shop must be considered part of
106. nse Isn t So Common Life is full of scenarios that should have been governed by common sense How many smokers die of lung cancer every year even though the evidence that smoking causes cancer is irrefutable How many people die on our highways when just buckling up could have saved them Here are a few examples of accident causing scenarios that have occurred in the workplace One might think common sense should have prevented them and yet these types of accidents have happened more than once in shops around the country and resulted in major injuries and even deaths Looking into a gas tank to see if it s full and then using a cigarette lighter for illumination Not having a full fire extinguisher nearby while welding Not having the exit doors marked Blocking exit doors during a fire How Could This Happen When accidents like the ones just mentioned occur you may hear a variety of comments like You would think people would know better After all isn t it just common sense keep in mind Common sense is not enough Without attention being given to safety issues accidents will happen and the results may be devastating Workplace safety requires much more than common sense it requires An awareness of the risks A plan to address those risks Training to help employees avoid needless risk An ongoing commitment to safety Unwillingness to focus attention on safety matters can result in disaster as the example
107. nup of blood or other bodily fluids because they kill the viruses and bacteria so they are no longer harmful Be sure to keep an adequate supply on hand and know precisely where you can find them so that you might quickly clean significantly reducing the risk of contamination The most common disinfectants are e Chlorine such as any common laundry bleach Use it mixed with water in a 10 to one ratio 10 parts water to one part bleach Be sure however to use protective gloves and glasses it s a strong irritant but it kills most bacteria and viruses Also use caution because it is corrosive to metal surfaces e Alcohols either ethyl or isopropyl alcohol Again use straight out of the bottle It has 75 to 80 percent alcohol concentration and is a good general purpose disinfectant Sterilizing and Disinfecting Vehicles and Equipment Although this procedure is relatively simple in most cases it is important to understand how different types of disinfectants affect different materials in a vehicle For example on hard plastic and vinyl items blood may be washed off with soap and water If there is extensive dried blood you may use bleach or a solution of bleach Remember however that bleach is corrosive and may stain some plastics so experiment with a small area that does not show before wiping a large area and doing damage Be aware that bleach will stain cloth interiors f you find in experimenting with bleach that it damages a s
108. ods are e Full car lifts e Floor jacks When you think about the tremendous weight of a motor vehicle it makes sense to use every safety precaution available when lifting it off the ground to work on it The best lift is the kind that lifts the full weight of the car and one that has a second form of slip prevention as a double safeguard The Risks and Consequences of Poor Training Over the last century hundreds of people have died or been severely injured from improperly lifting or securing vehicles during the repair process What s even more unfortunate is that it s likely many of these deaths and injuries could have been avoided if the individuals would have had proper training on the equipment they were using Not only are there all kinds of ways to hurt yourself using lifts there are all kinds of ways to damage the vehicle as well Clearly training is critical to both employee safety and job security No service manager shop manager or owner wants employees to get hurt nor do they want a vehicle to be damaged because of poor training issues Neglecting proper lift and jack safety is a sure way to either be seriously injured or dismissed from a job Neither is a very inviting prospect Know Your Equipment The basic safety recommendations and weight ratings can be found in writing on most equipment If the labeling is not legible or has become dirty over time most manufacturers are happy to provide new labels at no cost Ask
109. of conflict on the road and help make our roads safer Experts recommend the following tips to help avoid road conflicts Make a conscious decision not to take your personal problems with you when driving Drive in a courteous and considerate manner Give way at busy intersections and where traffic lanes merge Always signal before turning Don t compete or retaliate If someone s driving annoys you don t try to educate them Leave traffic enforcement to the police Don t take other drivers mistakes personally Avoid honking your horn unless absolutely necessary Say sorry if you make a mistake An apology can reduce the risk of conflict If you think you are being followed do not drive home Go to a police station or a busy public place Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary You have a responsibility to yourself to your employer and as a professional in the automotive repair industry to drive in the safest possible manner So remember Go through your pre drive checklist Buckle up Never drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs Practice defensive driving remembering the 4 A s o Awareness o Anticipation o Analysis o Action Limit or eliminate your use of
110. ofession it is still safe to say that at some point in their career every automotive worker will find themselves in a situation where they need to know how to handle a blood borne pathogen keep in mind The number one thing to remember is this Treat all bodily fluids as if they contain disease carrying pathogens How Does it Happen Vehicles damaged in accidents where injury or death occurred are the most likely place for exposure The resulting blood small pieces of tissue or other fluids that are in and on the vehicle could potentially contain harmful pathogens The most dangerous and most highly infectious pathogens are e HIV which can lead to AIDS e The Hepatitis B Virus Exposure Control Plan Because your employer wants you to know what to do if you come into contact with blood borne pathogens in your shop and because it is required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration there should be an Exposure Control Plan in place for the benefit of you and your co workers Please take the time to read it carefully to help protect yourself and others from infection Note CCAR has created a generic control plan that may be used for your facility It can be found in the supervisor s course Who is at Risk As stated earlier in this course the risks of contact are not high in the automotive industry particularly when compared to the health care industry The risks do exist however The following jobs in the a
111. om the ground into the cloud Water Helps Electricity Travel Water is a conductor of electricity Unless contained through wires for example electricity always finds the first available or easiest way to either complete its circuit or leave its circuit and travel to the earth Trees towers and tall buildings are easy targets for lightning to go through to the earth If you are outside in an electrical storm you could present a convenient target for a lightning strike which by traveling through you could find the shortest distance to earth an event that could prove to be fatal for you Being wet or standing in water is very dangerous when handling electrical devices Should there be a crack in an extension cord or broken insulation in a tool you are using the electricity can flow easily through you and into the water which is part of the ground Plugs and Extension Cords Everyone uses common extension cords at home or where they work Inside the flexing cord is a metal wire and outside the wire is a protective insulating material that keeps electricity running inside and through the metal as opposed to outside and through you There are electrical devices which have two pronged plugs and three pronged plugs Most of the time two pronged plugs are for home use In heavy use or larger electrical equipment wires always have a third wire called a ground wire By connecting the wires to the third ground wire which is located i
112. on Prevention Tires Learning Objectives e Understand the benefits of tire recycling e Recognize the problems of stacking or illegally dumping e Used Tires e Although not currently mandatory everywhere in the United States tire recycling is gaining momentum worldwide Check with your state solid waste program for more information regarding tire disposal in your particular state Click here for additional state information facts and stats Tires by their nature do not lend themselves to good landfill practices In fact tracts of land covered with piles of tires are now known as tire farms Would you believe that each year over 275 million tires are scrapped in the United States alone One global tire recycler reports that five million tires are disposed of daily In addition to being unsightly tires that are piled stacked or dumped illegally may lead to e Retained water that is a breeding ground for mosquitoes e Accelerated breeding of mice and rats e Dangerous burn areas that once ignited emit dangerous toxic fumes and are nearly impossible to put out Turley le e mee ey Re I 1 Ss f AA The recycling process can be accomplished in several ways Some tire recyclers will retread tires to recycle them In addition recycling tires has advanced to the point that there are some recyclers actually grinding the old tire material to a near dust which can be used in e New tires e Road repavi
113. on the next page will illustrate One Hundred Forty Six Workers Killed in Fire In the 1920s at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in Boston hundreds of women were locked in the plant to keep them from taking breaks or having contact with anyone outside the factory The exits were blocked with boxes and hard locked When a fire broke out 746 women burned to death Common sense tells us that people shouldn t have been locked in and fire exits shouldn t have been blocked Yet because the safety of employees was not given proper consideration people died This tragedy brought to light the dangerous conditions in which some companies had placed their employees Since that time the government has developed rules and regulations to prevent tragedies like this The Government and Safety Attitudes The United States government over the years has seen thousands of accidents occur in all kinds of industries As a result in 1971 the federal government created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to both assist and require employers and employees to make the prevention of on the job injuries and work related illnesses a priority OSHA has very specific guidelines for a variety of different industries including the automotive repair industry It is safe to say that OSHA s efforts have probably saved thousands of workers from serious injury or death To learn more specific information about OSHA consult the OSHA Web site at www osha
114. ople falling and hurting themselves Slick floors Cluttered floors Stairs Ladders When you examine the causes and begin to understand why these accidents are happening you quickly begin to realize that the majority of them are easily avoidable In the pages to follow we ll discuss how that can be accomplished Slick Floors Shop floors get slick It s a fact that comes with the territory you work in It s very easy for a little bit of oil water or antifreeze residue to miss a drip pan Rain from outside may come in on vehicles for repair and the floor can quickly become very slick If someone mops the floor with water until it dries it can be as slick as oil Maybe as you read this you re thinking of the banana peel gag mentioned earlier in the course If so let s replace that visual with another one One second you are smiling and walking through the shop maybe thinking about what you are going to have for lunch when all of a sudden your feet go out from under you and you go down Your legs separate into the splits pulling muscles or tendons or perhaps you bang your elbows or head into something very hard It s not funny anymore is it Here s the Good News As grim as the scenario just described might be the good news is that it is easily avoidable As we just said slick floors happen as part of our business However just because a floor gets a bit oily or wet doesn t mean it has to Stay that way Here are som
115. ous flammable or explosive materials unless specifically designed for such uses Leave it to the Pros Electrical repair should be left to skilled trained people If you spot one of the aforementioned hazards don t touch anything Report it immediately so electricians can make the proper repairs Everyone in the company is responsible for safety Leave it to the Pros Continued Unless you are professionally trained to work on electrical equipment you are much better off not attempting it Professional electricians have special non conducting personal protective equipment such as rubber gloves boots and special tools In addition a professional will have greater awareness of safe practices For example a professional would never put a ladder near electrical lines Flexible Cords and Cables High Risk Even though we have mentioned it before it bears repeating electrical cords and cables that are required to flex or move a lot receive more wear than fixed electrical lines in the walls or in conduit and that puts the insulation at risk Be observant and point out cord wear to your manager or supervisor even with things as simple as extension cords Other larger flexible electrical wires cables and cords that move about may be on Moveable lights or lamp holders Portable lamps or appliances Elevator cables Lifts cranes and hoists Charging apparatus such as forklift batteries and vehicle batteries Flexibl
116. oyee s reaction to receiving news of their termination it is better to use caution and have help nearby Taking immediate action if an employee exhibits any kind of bizarre or suspicious behavior Intervention early in the cycle of violence can prevent more serious problems from happening It may be that a reasonable suspicion of a drug problem could justify requiring an employee to submit to drug testing Be Mindful of Triggers While an individual can have a history of abusive or violent behavior not everyone will resort to inflicting serious bodily harm or deadly force on others When overt acts of violence do occur however there has typically been some type of emotional trigger that pushes the individual over the edge and motivates them to use violence Triggering events can include but are not limited to Termination of employment Divorce papers or the ending of a romantic relationship Financial problems Alcoholism Drug use Extreme stress A violent act may not come directly on the heels of the triggering event but there may be an escalation of the behaviors and attitudes discussed earlier in the course that may be obvious to others and should definitely be brought to the attention of a manager or supervisor Threats From the Outside Up to this point this course has primarily dealt with threats from inside an organization In some respects these threats are easier to prepare for due to the fact that the attitudes and b
117. pressure facts and stats Fire extinguishers should be Close by no more than 50 feet away Easy to get to and in every work area no doors or walls between Inspected monthly The gauge should read full or be in the green The safety pin should be in place The seal should not be broken Mounted with easy to read and approved Fire Extinguisher signage Mounted in proper manner and within reach Quick release Between 36 inches and 60 inches off the floor Never left loose on a bench or on the floor Using a Fire Extinguisher Properly The actual operating procedure for a fire extinguisher is very simple 1 Pull the pin 2 Stand about eight feet from the fire 3 Aim the hose at the base of the fire 4 Squeeze the trigger and sweep back and forth A fire extinguisher generally only lasts from just a few seconds to a maximum of about 25 30 seconds so aim properly f the fire is small this should provide sufficient time to put the fire out Be Sure the Path is Clear To ensure a safe and timely evacuation of the building in case of a fire keep aisles and fire exits unblocked by boxes or machinery If you see fire exits blocked either e Move the items blocking the way e Make a supervisor aware of the situation so that they can have the blockage moved Again take personal responsibility for creating a safe working environment for yourself and your coworkers Don t assume that someone else is going to take care of a
118. propriate waste container when saturated e Check with the local sewer utility or city engineering department to verify whether your drains lead into septic systems streams lakes or drywells all of which may contaminate ground water and et them know if there are any potentially harmful fluids that could come from your shop s drainage e Receive permission from your local sewer utility for floor cleaning wastes to enter the sanitary sewer system e Do NOT sweep floor wash outside the resulting contamination is the same as putting it into the septic system or water table Alternatives Here are some of the best practices to prevent hazardous materials or wastes from going down floor drains in the repair area e Catch leaks with drip pans before they become a spill then dispose of the material in the appropriate waste container Clean small spills immediately with an absorbent Use a hydrophobic mop to clean up oil spills Reuse absorbent until absorbing properties are gone Dispose of absorbent as hazardous waste in its own hazardous waste container Oil and Water Separators Some areas require oil and water separators on floor drains This special system reduces a great deal of potential contamination but not all Check with your local authority for appropriateness of use Car Wash Bay Most auto mechanical shops wash the car when all repair work is completed This is usually done with a high pressure water spray Many shops are
119. rcuits This should be done periodically with all tool cords and extension cords in use This simple procedure can reduce risk by finding potential hazards before they can do any damage Don t Damage Cords and Plugs In many cases cords become damaged because of inappropriate handling techniques People get in a hurry and take shortcuts that in the long run will put them at risk by damaging their tools in an attempt to cut a few corners To prevent this from happening to your tools remember the following e Never carry a tool by its cord e Never yank a cord to disconnect it from the receptacle e Store tools and extension cords properly Don t Forget to Disconnect Obviously you need to plug in a power tool to be able to use it When it s not in use unplug it and put it away You reduce the risk of an inadvertent injury and you protect the tool from potential damage in the process Other times you will need to unplug include e Before servicing or cleaning a tool e When changing accessories such as blades bits and cutters Electricity and Water Don t Mix Many people use the expression oil and water don t mix While that s very true a better comparison might be electricity and water don t mix Certainly the combination is much more volatile Under no circumstance should you use power tools in or around standing water Electrocution is a very real possibility in that situation The Power of Compressed Air When the average per
120. re and should be protected from view of the public behind sight barriers The public does not know that sheet metal is not hazardous but does tend to label the auto industry as a polluter partially because of what they see in sheet metal storage at poorly maintained facilities Sheet metal need not be a problem Contact your national or state auto association for metal recycling vendors Some shops repair and recycle the front bumper cover In the future most of the plastic components of a car will be identified as to the type of plastic polypropylene polyurethane or reinforced composite it is made of and will be more recyclable To make recycling easier and more convenient shops should separate their recyclable material into groups such as plastics metals aluminum and other groupings Recycling Salvage Vehicles i facts and stats According to one auto manufacturer the recyclable items in a vehicle are by weight Engine transmission tires battery and catalytic converter 50 to 55 percent Body of steel and non ferrous metals 20 to 35 percent Plastics and other materials 1 to 25 percent Look in the dumpster of any automotive repair facility and you will see an abundance of cardboard and paper that could be recycled In other countries particularly European countries and Japan recycling and gaining additional use of paper products is done much more frequently than in the United States Some shops are starting to segregate
121. re to be involved in an accident or cited for excessive speeding the newspaper article would no doubt begin something like this John Smith an employee of ABC Automotive Repair was involved in a head on collision yesterday on Whether it s right or wrong your role as an employee in the automotive industry means that your driving abilities will be scrutinized at a much closer level than for example someone who works in a book store or a restaurant You are an automotive professional and people will assume that you should be a good driver Clearly the impact of everything you do behind the wheel during the course of your workday is magnified because of the industry you work in High Expectations High Risk Perhaps this increased scrutiny is justified because the truth is in the automotive industry we have people operating vehicles all the time With that being the case the odds are that sooner or later a person in your company will have an auto accident while on the job Why Auto and body technicians road test cars daily Service advisers are constantly driving vehicles to determine problems Insurance claims representatives travel from place to place daily Dealerships are transporting cars constantly Parts providers have delivery specialists bringing parts to shops everywhere These are all activities that are taking place on public thoroughfares but in the automotive industry there is additional risk because technicians ar
122. riminal intent in mind Don t Intervene in an Actual Act of Violence While it is suggested that you make your supervisor aware of any behaviors you consider Suspicious in an individual under no circumstances should you attempt to intervene if you are witnessing an event where bodily harm could be inflicted on an individual You put yourself and others at risk if you attempt to disarm an individual with any type of weapon in their possession Intervention of that type should be left to people who are trained and experienced in that field There is nothing to be gained by attempting to be a hero There is a great deal to be lost possibly your life or that of another person Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary Today s news media are quick to remind us of the fact that we live in a violent world They like to look for people or institutions to blame Ultimately however we are all responsible for our own actions This is true for the person who commits a violent act and it is true for each and every one of us We re all responsible for having an awareness of the warning signs like those documented in this course We are also responsible for reporting anything that we consider da
123. ry Even though most of us will never compete for Olympic gold all of us at some point in our career are probably going to lift something that if we are not using proper technique could cause injury to our backs Proper Lifting Technique Continued The way to properly lift an item is Stand close to the item with both feet firmly on the floor about shoulder width apart Point your toes out Squat down close to the item with your back straight knees bent and stomach muscles tight Grip the item firmly with both hands not just the fingers Lift and stand up slowly keeping your back straight and letting your legs do the lifting If you have to change direction while you re carrying an item don t twist your body Twisting is a major cause of back injuries To change direction move your whole body by moving your feet While there are no guarantees your chances of avoiding a nagging injury that could cost significant time off of work are greatly enhanced by using these methods Make them a habit regardless of the weight of the items you might need to lift You may think something is light enough to just bend over and pick up but keep in mind that looks can be deceiving Also even a weight that you might normally lift with ease can create problems if your back is tight and not properly stretched out Putting Things Down It s no less important to use proper technique when putting an item down When you get where you re going
124. s z gt oO Ww ad z lt i ee Used solvents must be handled properly after use for wipe down parts cleaning or in other ways Note that if you are using halogenated solvents greater than 5 percent concentration of methylene chloride perchloroethylene trichlorothylene trichloroethane chloroform or carbon tetrachloride to clean parts or equipment you must file a notification with the Environmental Protection Agency If you are not sure about whether you are or are not using halogenated solvents check the Material Safety Data Sheet for the product in question If you know or believe you are using halogenated solvents in your shop you should check CCAR s Web site to find out about special rules that will apply to your shop If you are not using the halogenated solvent these rules will not apply Handling Solvent Here are some ways to make sure you handle solvent in the proper way e Used solvent must be treated as hazardous waste unless it is used in a still a paint gun wash machine or another parts equipment wash machine e Solvent cans and solvent sink lids should be closed at all times except when being used e Used solvent must be kept in separate containers that specifically state the name of that solvent and are also labeled Used Solvent e Containers should be checked for leaks and damage at least once a week e Disposal of used solvent should be handled by certified recyclers and disposal companies only e Us
125. s the base of the ladder should be one foot away from the wall or other vertical surface for every four feet of height to the point of support Openings amp Platforms An opening in which there is a drop of more than four feet requires a guardrail or a cover to be installed Openings such as stairwells or holes in floors that are in high traffic areas are accidents waiting to happen Some work locations have different levels platforms or steep inclines where handrails and protection from falls are needed such as older garages with alignment pits and garages built on steep inclines Platforms or any type of elevated surface need to be clearly marked and the weight capacity for that particular surface should be indicated Railings amp Toeboards A proper railing can prevent falls from an elevation Guard rails should protect all sides of an opening or platform except the entrance which can be protected by a gate Stair railings should have at least three inches of clearance from the surface they are mounted on and should be located between 30 inches and 34 inches above the leading edge of stair treads Railings will help prevent employees from accidentally falling through an opening but won t prevent objects from falling on employees who might be passing below In such cases you might also need a toeboard which is a raised protective edge usually four inches high that can be placed at the edges of landings balconies mezzan
126. separating the water used in this system from the drains or drainage area of the shop and more communities are recycling and minimizing car wash water Car wash water compliance techniques are best handled by calling your local authority Other car wash tips include e Use biodegradable soaps and cleaning products e Separate the water in this bay from other drains e Use a recycling system that is practical Summary Like the dinosaur floor drains may be fading off into ancient history but that doesn t mean you won t ever have to deal with them It s very important that you make sure you don t let waste from your shop drain into the environment Take the proper precautions to clean up spills and cover or block drains when necessary If you have any concerns with the proper ways to handle floor drains please ask your manager supervisor Mechanical Pollution Prevention Absorbents and Spills Learning Objectives e Recognize how to deal with a large spill e Understand how to deal with a chemical spill e Determine how to deal with an oil spill Introduction Spills and leaks occur every day in auto repair facilities Fortunately most are very small Many of these spills involve hazardous wastes that must be cleaned up correctly It is important that everyone in the shop knows how to correctly and safely clean up both small and large spills Eliminating the spill is only part of the issue Understanding that materials used to clean up t
127. severe kind of shock and it doesn t take much electrical power to kill you Household electricity is usually 110 volts but in your workplace there can be voltages of 440 and higher Either one with prolonged exposure is capable of causing fatal electrocution Overloaded Circuits Overloaded electrical circuits or equipment can cause overheating and can make the wires and circuits very hot Overload can even lead to fire or an explosion This is especially dangerous in areas that have flammable or explosive substances nearby Turn off Electricity Suppose someone receives a shock or a piece of equipment is throwing sparks or arcing Should you approach them to help them The answer is no en oe ne ee ne ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eee S ee oe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee en ee ee eee ne eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee keep in mind Never touch a person who is being electrically shocked The best thing to do if electricity is loose in any way is to turn off the power source as fast as you can so know where the Switch or breakers are f Something all employees should know and what your company should help you understand is how to turn off the electricity in case of an emergency I f you do not know how to turn the electricity off ASK your direct supervisor or the right person in your organization A few seconds can literally mean the difference between life and death Mark Electrical Switches and Breakers Clear
128. sistance is appreciated Summary Always remember e Be aware of the sources of hazardous air pollution in an automotive shop e Know how to use the variety of devices that can protect you and the environment from that hazardous air e Remember to use a properly fitted respirator when necessary By taking the proper precautions you ll literally be able to breathe easy in the workplace Click to Take Exam Learning Objectives Identify flammables in a shop Recognize the four types of fire extinguishers Understand fire extinguisher safety and usage Understand what to do if there is a fire Training Content Provided by Safety and Pollution Prevention Fire Safety is Serious Business Like most people you no doubt spend a significant part of your work day simply walking around your shop doing everything from picking up parts to taking a lunch break During that time how many times do you think you walk right by a fire extinguisher without even thinking about it Fire extinguishers are typically located in every kind of business and yet if someone asked right now where the extinguishers are located in your shop could you tell them Do you know how many there are what kind of extinguishers you have and what type of fire they re used for We all seem to take it for granted that a fire at work is something that just happens to other people In reality nothing could be farther from the truth Working in the automotive
129. son thinks of power tools they think about electricity Professional automotive technicians know that there is another important power source used daily in their shops compressed air The same z force that can loosen or tighten a lug nut in a matter of seconds obviously has the potential to cause injury if not used in a safe and appropriate manner Never blow an air nozzle close to your ears Never blow an air nozzle without protective eye wear due to the risk of blow back Never blow an air nozzle without respirator protection asbestos on clutch parts Never yank an air hose to disconnect it Always check the regulated air pressure of the air line Additional Guidelines for Safe Use of Power Tools Here are some other tips for working safely with power tools e Secure your work with clamps or a vise freeing both hands to operate the tool e Avoid accidental starting do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged in tool e Follow instructions in the user s manual for lubricating and changing accessories e Remove all damaged portable electric tools from work area and tag them Do Not Use e Make sure machine guards are in place e Don t wear loose clothes ties jewelry or gloves that could get caught in the machinery e Keep the work area clean be careful of flammable materials that could catch fire if ignited by a spark from the tools Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws
130. ster to occur in your shop If drains aren t covered heavy metals from cars may be washed directly into ground water Never put hazardous waste down the drain At the very least protect the drain from spills by either covering the floor drains or by using socks or sprayable dams Oils grease brake fluids paints thinners and particles can be contained cleaned or collected in many environmentally friendly ways There is no good reason for these materials going down the drain Tracking Back to the Source By keeping shop floors cleaner than technicians have done in the past and using specific catch pans for fluids a floor drain is not necessary In the past before floor drain laws existed shops just washed things down the drain unaware or unconcerned that they were negatively impacting the environment Items such as oils antifreeze paints and thinners were washed into ground water Today the EPA has developed highly effective methods to track the sources of pollution and using drains for disposal no longer hides a mechanical shop s waste Your shop can be easily identified as a contaminating source simply by discovering pollution and working the discovery process upstream to its source Alternatives Continued Here are some more of the best practices to prevent hazardous materials or wastes from going down floor drains in the repair area e Use absorbent pads to collect floor wash water and wring out the pads into the ap
131. such as copper or aluminum Most metals conduct electricity If you touch a bare wire while electricity is flowing through it the electricity may run through you as you become part of the circuit Or it may run through you to the ground itself When electricity runs through you you will receive a shock Be assured it is an experience that you would never want to go through again Shocks are disturbing scary and painful The power of electricity is so great that a person who is shocked with common household electricity will typically be unable to control his thoughts or body movements when this happens That s why wires are not left as exposed metal but are covered in materials such as rubber or plastic These insulators resist electricity and keep the current in its intended path ek keep in mind Materials that allow electricity to flow are called conductors Materials that DO NOT permit electricity to flow are called insulators Conductors and Non Conductors Continued Conductors Good conductors of electricity include Copper Aluminum Steel Lead Water Insulators Poor conductors of electricity include Rubber Plastic Glass Wood Electricity Wants to Return to the Earth By its nature electricity is always trying to return to the earth The best example of that would be lightning strikes Lightning is the result of both upward and downward moving forces What we see during a storm is a bolt that travels fr
132. t affects their weight and their overall well being More importantly some people read the labels because they are diabetic have food allergies or are on sodium restricted diets due to high blood pressure or other health problems They want to make sure that they won t become ill or have a negative allergic reaction Without the nutrition facts that are listed on the products a consumer might be forced to make an uninformed decision that could not only make them ill but possibly cause a severe reaction that could put them into the hospital Clearly these labels are on food products to help people have not only a better understanding of what they re buying but in some instances keep them from doing serious harm to themselves Material Safety Data Sheets The United States government has passed laws 29 CFR 1910 1200 that require all suppliers to provide content and health information on the chemicals or supplies with which you come in contact The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires your employer to make this information available to you in order to make sure you understand the health implications Like the study of food you can review contents and health risks in great depth on a MSDS before you ever use the product fies en ee me ae ee gee ee eee Gree get ee ee ee meg ee eee gee me ee ee ee ee me meee me ete ee eee amet cee ee ee re ee ee erat ee ee eae pene ey eae eee gee eee ee ee ey ee eee ee ee ee ee et pet ee et A
133. t are hazardous If you ever have a question about a chemical remember to consult the product s MSDS If you need more assistance ask your manager or supervisor Click to Take Exam Final Exam Mechanical Pollution Prevention Introduction Learning Objectives e Identify the top 10 environmental challenges in mechanical repair e Understand what a waste stream is e Recognize the four waste categories Introduction By its nature the automotive repair industry puts its employees at risk due to exposure to a variety of pollutants Of course none of us wants to be hurt on the job nor do we want others to be hurt In an effort to minimize the risks laws have been passed that require businesses and schools to train their employees and students on safety and pollution prevention issues This course contains several modules each one addressing a different topic related to pollutants in our industry Each module can be read relatively quickly At the top of each page you can navigate through the course by using the Next Page Previous Page and Previous Module buttons Each module will cover specific safety and pollution prevention practices You may leave and return to a module at any time After you have read all the modules a final exam will test your knowledge of the information presented in each module To be successful on the final exam Read all modules before taking the final Read each item carefully You must correctly
134. the risks can be minimized substantially The Five Key Areas at Risk Realistically soeaking any part of your body has the potential for injury There are however areas where injuries are more likely to occur They include Back Hands Eyes Ears Feet We will focus our attention in this course on each of these body parts that are at greatest risk We will then discuss both what those inherent risks are and the ways in which these injuries can be avoided Back Pain More Common Than You Think Of all the various types of injuries that occur in the workplace back injury is one of the most significant If you have never had problems with your back consider yourself fortunate At some point in their lives over 66 percent of all Americans will experience some type of back pain Back pain can prevent a person from working costing them income and costing their employer business productivity Each year about 2 percent of the American workforce is compensated for disabilities caused by back pain Anatomy of the Back A Grand Design Like the motor vehicles you work with our backs are an amazing feat of engineering made up of a combination of Cervical Bones Ligaments Tendons Muscles Nerves Although any part of the back is susceptible to injury from causes as diverse as trauma disease injury or birth defect the most common area for work related back problems is the lower or lumbar portion Lumbar Sacral The
135. the shop safety coordinator to do this if you have concerns Most lift providers have safety information on specific tools and equipment on their Web site as well Floor Jacks Professionals seldom use the jack that comes in the vehicle even though it could be called a floor jack Professionals use equipment that is faster more dependable and will work on all kinds of cars and trucks Most jacks and lifts are hydraulic although some may be electric air and hydraulic or electric and air Always be careful if using an electric jack to keep the cord out of water and be sure it is not frayed Hydraulic Jack Safety Here are some guidelines for using hydraulic jacks safely e They should never be used beyond weight limits e Check frequently following manufacturer s directions to make sure there is adequate hydraulic fluid e Never use a hydraulic jack if it has an obvious leak e Hydraulic jacks should never be used if they allow loads to slip down e Hydraulic jacks should always be used with jack stands Don t Make the Number One Mistake The number one mistake made by entry level technicians or amateur do it yourselfers is getting underneath a raised vehicle held up by a floor jack without first putting a jack stand s underneath Experienced professional technicians are shocked when a new technician forgets to use a Jack stand or safe secondary support Always remember this 2 eep in mind Never under any circumstanc
136. their paper products A few shops have purchased industrial sized trash compactors and compress their paper products which results in lower disposal costs in addition to taking up less space Another public relations benefit is that it also allows the shop to market their environmental commitment to consumers Cardboard and paper are not a hazardous waste but they do make up a waste stream that has possibilities beyond that of being sent to your local landfill Summary The proper management of rags solvent sheet metal parts stored outside and plastic components as well as an understanding of the regulations concerning catalytic converters and other potential pollutants all have an impact on a shop s environmental compliance With all of these items remember that recycling is a key concept Recycling allows you to dispose of items responsibly If you would like more information on any of the topics covered in this course or have more specific questions that need to be addressed check out the CCAR Home Page
137. them from breaking such as in boxes the lamps came in or boxes supplied by lamp recyclers e Mark the lamp storage area with the words Fluorescent lamps for recycling e Do not break or crush lamps because mercury powder may be released e If lamps are accidentally broken store them in a sealed and labeled container marked Hazardous Waste Broken Mercury Lamps use gloves to pick up spilled mercury powder and add it to the sealed container e Take lamps to a consolidation site or arrange with a lamp transporter to pick them up and contact your county or state environmental office or solid waste office for services available in your area save the invoices that track your lamps and include the following information Date of shipment Number of lamps Location from where the lamps are being shipped Destination of the shipment Outside Storage of Parts Mechanical parts that you take off a car are often set outside out of the way However when it rains and the parts are not covered or they are leaking the runoff or leakage becomes an obvious waste and pollutant The runoff can leach into the soil and groundwater It is best to store parts inside but if you do store parts outside it is best to keep them under tarps or wrapped to stay in compliance Never let parts that could leak such as brake master cylinders batteries or gas tanks be stored outside Sheet Metal and Plastic Components Sheet metal waste is not hazardous but is an eyeso
138. tial federal or state fines Even if the motivation is to perform a community service or good deed on the whole mechanical shops should simply avoid assisting people in the disposal of used oil If your shop does accept used oil from the public you should have any person that brings their oil to you sign a form stating that the oil they have brought is only used oil and it is free from other contaminants Your shop must then visually inspect the oil to assure that there are no contaminants or use a hand held detector called a sniffer to check the oil for purity If you have any doubts as to whether the oil is contaminated you should not accept it Service Station Dealer Exemption SSDE is a program that is run under the federal EPA Superfund law The SSDE is intended to encourage service station dealers to accept for recycling used motor oil from Do lt Yourselfer recyclers You may be eligible for the SSDE if you Are or were a service station dealer Collected DIY used oil Transported or sent the DIY used oil to the Superfund site after March 8 1993 Did not mix hazardous substances with used oil generated or collected by your facility Complied with the EPA s used oil management standards found in the Code of Federal Regulations Oil and Water Separators If your shop is connected to a municipal sewer system chances are very good that you have an oil water separator installed within the floor drain system Oil water separators
139. to a point where physical injury can occur It s also important to realize that even though media coverage of workplace violence tends to focus on people being attacked by co workers there are several different categories in which violence might occur Keep in mind that although the majority of fatal injuries occur at the hands of strangers most workplace violence is committed by someone the victim knows Violence by Co workers Co worker violence involves being verbally threatened threatening behavior or an actual physical assault It can be done by someone who has some employment related connection to the workplace which may include either a current or former employee or even a supervisor or manager As we stated earlier in the course people generally tend to think it could never happen here The fact is any workplace can be at risk of a violent act being committed by a co worker In this situation the act is usually triggered by a desire for revenge for what the individual perceives as some manner of unfair treatment Although this perception of unfairness is the trigger there will typically be other factors creating stress in the individual s life that leads them to the point of violence Although this is the most highly publicized type of workplace violence it accounts for far fewer workplace fatalities than violence perpetrated by strangers Trust Your Instincts One of the things that you often hear from victims of workpla
140. turn off circuit breakers unless you ve been trained as a qualified electrician Avoid using extension cords whenever possible Inspect portable equipment before each use Be sure electric plugs match their receptacles never alter a plug Make sure your hands are dry before you handle anything electric Don t use any piece of electrical equipment that emits sparks smoke or odors Be especially cautious around flammable liquids vapors or dust or any area that might have held them arcs can set them off Never use a metal ladder around live electricity e Always obey barriers signs and other warnings near electrical equipment Good Housekeeping Good housekeeping includes procedures that help prevent electrical fires This means keeping your equipment and work area clean and organized Remember Keep machines and tools properly lubricated Don t let grease dust or dirt build up on machinery Don t leave machinery or heating equipment running unattended Leave at least three feet of workspace around electrical equipment Keep the work area clean Don t leave cords tangled or lying across an area where people walk First Aid The safety procedures outlined in this course along with your caution and common sense should serve to prevent serious electrical problems However it is still a good idea to know what to do in case of an accident The following first aid procedures should be followed if accidents occur e Don t touch a
141. u keep in mind The bottom line is this Anything that interferes with the seal of a respirator or gets in the way of the exhale valve is reason to notify your supervisor Also if the respirator you are given isn t acceptable for any reason you again need to notify your supervisor They will help you find a different respirator that will work Any change in respirators will mean that you must be retested for fit Positive Pressure Respirators Positive pressure respirators bring fresh air to you through a hose They also must be fit tested however for people with beards or other fit issues a positive pressure system can work well without the need for a tight face seal Proper use issues are different and perhaps a little more complicated The most important issue is to make sure that the air supply itself is correct and breathable CCAR strongly recommends that you take time to learn more about respirator safety and health in the workplace You can visit the CCAR GreenLink Web site and view more information from federal and state governments and industry Your employer wants you safe but part of being safe is taking personal responsibility to learn on your own as well Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your as
142. u immediately upon entering the shop environment Many safety training programs start with the paperwork issues and then try to address every possible injury that could occur many of which may be unlikely or highly improbable Although we will talk about paperwork and legal issues in the Supervisor s Training our feeling is that technicians need to know what to do and how to protect themselves in the shop environment which is after all where the accidents are most likely to occur Although entry level workers in particular tend to have a much higher risk of injury ina shop environment our goal is to create an awareness of personal and industrial safety among employees of all levels of experience in order to better protect individuals working in the automotive repair industry Mechanical Repair and Safety Continued Beyond just awareness of the causes and prevention of workplace injury however it is important that you realize that federal law requires safety training before workers or students enter the work area This is specifically laid out in OSHA 29CFR 1910 1200 h 1 and The OSHA Act of 1970 CCAR asks that you not only raise your level of awareness of the dangers as they relate health and well being we ask you to watch out for others in your work environment If something appears dangerous don t walk past it If a co worker is doing something that could harm them stop and in the kindest and most direct manner possible explain th
143. u re working with Chemicals Must be Clearly Labeled All containers for chemicals should be clearly labeled with one or more of the following e The product name e Part number e ID number They should also be labeled with the name and address of the manufacturer importer or distributor This information is also available on the MSDS Labeling is an important issue because some shops buy chemicals in bulk and then pour them into smaller containers to use them Whenever a chemical is dispensed from its original container into a secondary container the secondary container must be labeled to show the product s name and information Some containers can have leftover residue that could still cause harm or be dangerous When original containers or secondary containers have been emptied of usable material they should be drained emptied and cleaned as appropriate for re use or disposal Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state laws or regulations not included in this training please notify CCAR immediately 888 476 5465 Your assistance is appreciated Summary Because of the inherent risk involved with the use of many of the chemicals and other products used in an automotive repair facility you need to make sure all chemicals in your shop are properly labeled so you can protect yourself and others around you from those tha
144. unpainted metal surface or bolt on the stalled vehicle e Do not connect directly to the negative post of the weakened battery Doing so could cause sparks and possibly an explosion a e Do afinal inspection to make sure the cables are connected correctly and that they are not coming into contact with any moving parts such as fans or belts e Start the vehicle with the good battery Let the engine idle for a few minutes before you attempt to start the stalled vehicle giving the stalled battery ample time to charge e Attempt to start the stalled vehicle letting the starter run no more than 20 seconds lf it doesn t start after 20 seconds stop and wait a few minutes before attempting it again Some cables will actually be marked positive and negative Just remember positive to positive negative to ground and you re likely to avoid any difficulty Once the Vehicle is Started Once the vehicle has been successfully started remove the cables in the opposite order from which you connected them Make sure that the clamps do not touch each other or any part of the car to avoid sparks and that the jumper cables do not get caught in moving parts which could damage the cables the car or both Be certain to use as much caution removing the cables as you did applying them Specific Information for Your Area To our knowledge federal laws and guidelines are all that currently apply in your state If you are aware of any other state
145. utomotive industry are at the highest risk to come in contact with blood or other bodily fluids Technicians Auto recycler salvage dis assembler Insurance claims staffs Airbag technicians Technicians working inside accident vehicles on airbags seat belts steering wheels and interiors The common thread with all the jobs listed above is that they are all professions involved with handling repairing or recycling vehicles after accidents where blood or other bodily fluids from a victim has contaminated the vehicle There are hundreds of thousands of accidents each year and in each case the risk of infection exists There are however even more common ways to come in contact with blood at your shop Potential Blood borne Pathogen Contact Some people have a difficult time visualizing just how day to day contamination might occur Here are three very common ways that you could come into contact with bodily fluids and would need to know and use appropriate procedures e Aworker gets a nasty cut and asks you to help clean and bandage the wound e Aco worker who is a diabetic forgets and leaves an unprotected syringe in the restroom e Aco worker bumps into a sharp edge of sheet metal which penetrates the skin Clearly the chance of exposure is more likely than one might think The good news is that by using proper procedures the risk of your becoming infected can be minimized significantly Handling Blood or Bodily Fluids If you
146. with nothing around that could burn or explode e Keep valves closed when cylinders are empty or not in use and open them slowly when you have to e Keep valve protection caps in place when cylinders are not in use e Light flames according to manufacturer instructions GMAW or Wire Welders GMAW welders are used extensively in automotive repair shops today In fact a mechanical shop could not exist without them This is because heat from the acetylene torches takes too long to build up for welding the new high carbon and high strength metals in today s lightweight cars In contrast the GMAW welder uses electricity to create an instant heat in a very small area Although there is nothing to catch fire as with the acetylene welders just discussed there are very different hazards with GMAW equipment They are e Eye injuries The extreme brilliance of the light generated by the welder can burn the retina e Sparks and Spatter The wire welder creates little fountains of flying sparks and small amounts of molten metal spatter that can burn an unprotected person and set small fires that may not be instantly recognizable e Electrical arcing Gold and silver rings can receive an arc and turn molten This super hot molten metal can literally burn fingers off Even necklaces and metal piercings such as navel nipple nose etc can draw an arc under the wrong circumstances Take Necessary Precautions With both types of welders have f
147. with the original accumulation date which is the date it was initially collected e Some states do not allow shops to stack antifreeze containers more than two containers high Summary Antifreeze especially used antifreeze can wreak havoc on the environment However by simply following the guidelines for proper antifreeze disposal collection storage and recycling you can easily minimize the damage antifreeze can do If you have any questions about antifreeze please ask your manager supervisor Mechanical Pollution Prevention Floor Drains Learning Objectives e Understand why floor drains are rapidly becoming extinct e Identify best practices related to floor drains and spilled Floor Drains A Thing of the Past Floor drains are rapidly becoming extinct in the United States due to the severe Environmental Protection Agency violations they can create for any automotive repair facility They are not being included in new construction and many shops are simply plugging them up to keep from inadvertently violating the law and creating environmental contamination problems Why Not Use Floor Drains A Combine the fact that there are so many hazardous materials and hazardous wastes in an automotive repair facility with the fact that many drains may be hooked directly to the ground water through septic systems and storm drains and you will quickly realize that keeping a floor drain open is basically like inviting a regulatory disa
148. you get to see on a regular basis what vehicles involved in accidents look like It s not a pretty sight Armed with that knowledge and knowing the statistics there is no excuse for you not to be wearing a seat belt regardless of whether you re the driver or a passenger in a vehicle Every day of the year stories in the newspaper and on television tell us about traffic fatalities that could have easily been avoided if the driver or passenger had just worn their seat belt In most states having your seat belt fastened is required by law so if you are not buckled up not only are you at risk of injury should an accident occur you are in violation of the law as well Remember Click it or Ticket Zero Tolerance Alcohol and Drugs You are an automotive repair professional and should conduct yourself in a manner that is appropriate for someone in that profession That being said the simple undisputable facts are e There is no place for alcohol or drugs on the job e There is no place for alcohol or drugs when you are driving a motor vehicle regardless of whether you are on the job or on your own time e There is no place for the use of illegal drugs at any time Zero Tolerance Continued If you drink on the job you risk disciplinary action up to and including termination of your employment and you significantly magnify your risk of being involved in an accident that can cause e Serious property damage e Serious injury e Death

Mechanical Safety Introduction

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