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1. m Instruction set b15 b8b7 bo b15 b8b7 bo b19 bo b15 bo Data b19 b0 registers a E TA b15 bo bis bo b15 bo b15 bo Address L j ore eae Program counter Interrupt table register User stack pointer Interrupt stack pointer Stack base register bo sa eee e ia A co base register eee These registers have two register banks PERORACMEE PERSE Figure 3 M16C 26A Programmer s model The M16C 26A sample instructions are shown in Table 1 It has the familiar M16C 16 bit complex instruction set computer CISC register core architecture It allows for efficient L628 vl e6ed program development with little memory capacity regardless of whether you are using assembly or C language In addition some instructions can be executed in one clock cycle making fast arithmetic processing possible The instruction set also allows register register register memory memory memory operations and arithmetic logic operations on bits and 4 bit data M16C 26A have three major addressing modes general addressing special instruction addressing and bit instruction addressing General instruction addressing accesses an area from 000006 through OFFFF 6 and the following lists the name of each general instruction addressing mode Immediate register direct absolute address register indirect address register relative stack base relative frame base relative and stack pointer relative Special instruction2. addressing accesses an area from address 0000016 through FFFFF 16 and control registers The following lists the name of each specific instruction addressing mode 20 bit absolute address register relative with 20 bit displacement 32 bit address register indirect 32 bit register direct control register direct and program counter relative Bit instruction addressing accesses an area from address 00000 through OFFFF i and the following lists the name of each bit instruction addressing mode Register direct absolute address register indirect address register relative stack base relative frame base relative Some of the features of the multi purpose instruction set are Register and memory indiscriminate instructions like MOV ADD SUB etc Powerful bit manipulation instructions like BNOT BTST BSET etc 4 bit transfer instructions such as MOVLL MOVHL etc Normally used 1 byte instructions like MOV ADD SUB JMP etc High speed one cycle instructions like MOV ADD SUB etc 86287 e6eg Table 1 Sample Instruction set for the M16C 26A microcontroller Function Mnemonic Op code format Description ABS ABS size dest Absolute value ADC ADC size src dest Add with carry ADD ADD size format src dest Add without carry Arithmetic CMP CMP size format src dest Compare MUL MUL size src dest Signed multiply SUB SUB size format src dest Subtract without borrow INC INC size src dest Increment
3. 0040016 For example a 1 Kbyte internal RAM area is allocated in addresses 0040016 to 007FFi The internal RAM is used for storing data temporarily The area is also used as stack when subroutines are called or interrupt requests are accepted The SFR special function registers is allocated addresses 0000016 to OO3FFi The peripheral function control registers are allocated here Blank spaces within SFR location are reserved and cannot be accessed by users The addresses FFE0016 to FFFDBj are allocated for special page vectors and they are used for JMPS and JSRS instruction 00000 00400 FFEOO Internal RAM r Special page XXXXXi vector table Reserved Internal RAM Internal ROM OFO00 i Size Address XXXXXa Size address YYYY Internal ROM i FFFDC Undefined instruction IKbytes OO7FF 24Koves FADDDz OFFFF 3 Data space i ato 2k bytes OOBFF 48K bytes F4000 BRK instruction Single step YYYYY xg Watchdog timer Internal ROM Program space NMI Fg A rr EY eee FFFFF i Reset Note 1 Block A 2 Kbytes and block B 2 Kbytes 2 Donot write to the internal ROM in Mask ROM version Figure 4 Memory map for M16C 26A including fixed vector table Interrupts There are 20 internal and 8 external sources 4 software sources 7 interrupt priority levels available for the M16C 26A 48 pin device Interrupts are of two types namely software and hardware interrupts e Hardware
4. AC 2009 527 LABORATORY CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT USING RENESAS TECHNOLOGY Mukul Shirvaikar University of Texas Tyler Dr Mukul Shirvaikar is the Chair and Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Tyler where he develops curriculum and laboratories in computer engineering Prior to this he worked at Texas Instruments specializing in real time imaging systems Dr Shirvaikar graduated with his doctorate from the University of Tennessee He also has a M S degree from the University of Maine and a B Tech from Banaras Hindu University India His current research interests include real time imaging and engineering education Karthik Somaraju University of Texas Tyler Karthik Somaraju graduated with a Master s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Tyler in December 2008 He received his B Tech in Electronics and Communications from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University His other interests include microprocessors systems and software development American Society for Engineering Education 2009 6c8 rl ebeg Laboratory Curriculum Development using Renesas Technology Abstract This paper describes the laboratory curriculum developed for a junior level introductory course in microprocessors for electrical engineering majors The Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering BSEE curriculum has a required course in microprocessors and the prerequisites are courses in structured program
5. DEC DEC size dest Decrement MOV MOV size format src dest Transfer POPM POPM dest Restore multiple registers Transfer PUSHA PUSHA src Save effective address LDE LDE size src dest Transfer from extended data area STNZ STNZ src dest Conditional transfer XCHG XCHG size src dest Exchange JMP JMP length label Unconditional jump JSR JSR length label Subroutine call Jump RTS RTS Return from subroutine ADJINZ ADJNZ size src dest label Add and conditional jump SBJINZ SBJNZ size src dest label Subtract and conditional jump INT INT src Interrupt by INT instruction PUSHC POPC PUSHC src Save control register REIT POPC dest Restore control register Other WAIT REIT Return from interrupt WAIT Wait NOP BSPT NOP No operation BSET format dest Set bit 6 6Z8 y bLed Memory map The memory map of M16C 26A is shown in Figure 4 It provides 1 Mbyte address space with addresses 0000016 through FFFFF 6 The internal ROM is allocated at a high address ending in address FFFFF 15 For example a 64 Kbyte internal ROM area is allocated in addresses F000016 to FFFFF 6 The flash memory version got two sets of 2 Kbyte internal ROM area block A and block B for data space These blocks are allocated addresses F000 16 to FFFFi5 The addresses FFFDC to FFFFFi are allocated for fixed interrupt vectors and they store the start address of each interrupt routine The internal RAM is allocated lower addresses beginning with address
6. EE 2004 11 Joerg Mossbrucker Using Embedded Systems to Teach all Levels of Programming to Electrical Engineering Students ASEE 2006 12 Stephen C Peterson Alexandra Carey Richard Hughey and David Meek Assembly Language Curriculum Realignment in Computer Engineering at UCSC ASEE 2002 13 Marc McComb Online Introductory Microcontroller Labs and Exercises for Engineering Students ASEE 2008 14 Brinkley Sprunt A Novel Racetrack Platform For Teaching Microcontroller System Design Concepts ASEE 2003 15 Arlen Planting and Sin Ming Loo On the Use of a Soft core Processor in Junior Microprocessors Course ASEE 2008 16 M16C 26 M16C 26A M16C 28 M16C 29 Group Hardware Manual and Software Manual Renesas Technology 2002 17 High performance Embedded Workshop pp 1 Literature No REJ10J1737 0100 Renesas Technology January 2005 http documentation renesas com 18 RTA FoUSB MON Flash Programmer and In circuit debugger Users Manual Renesas Technology 2003 19 Interrupt handling in C Language Renesas Technology Application Notes Literature No REJO5B0847 0100 Rev 1 00 January 2007 20 High performance Embedded Workshop V 4 03 User s manual Renesas Technology pp 2 Literature No REJ10J1586 0100 April 2007 21 QSK26A Schematics Renesas Technology pp 3 Literature No RDECE_2662P_CR August 2005 9162871 bed
7. bit A D converter i Damek M16C 60 series CPU core Watchdog timer I 15 bits DMAC 2 channels CRC calculation circuit CCITT CRC 16 NOTES 1 ROM size depends on the MCU type 2 RAM size depends on the MCU type Figure 2 M16C 26A 48 pin version block diagram adapted from M16C 26A group hardware manual e Control registers Program counter PC This counter consists of 20bits indicating the address of an instruction to be executed 9 628 r ebeg Interrupt table register INTB This register consists of 20 bits indicating the start address of an interrupt vector table Stack pointers USP ISP There are two stack pointers a user stack pointer USP and an interrupt stack pointer ISP these are switched over by a stack pointer select flag U flag The U flag is assigned to seventh bit of the flag register FLG Flag register FLG It consists of 11 bits each of which is used as a flag 1M byte linear address space with relative jump instructions matched to distance of jump Fast instruction execution times with shortest one cycle instructions 91 instructions include 20 one cycle instructions i e approximately 75 of instructions execute in five cycles or below The M16C 26A programmer s model contains thirteen 16 bit registers as shown in Figure 3 of these registers RO R1 R2 R3 AO Al and FB each consist of two register banks R1 R2 R3 AO Al FB
8. called High performance Embedded Workshop HEW4 This is a powerful real time source level debug environment supplied with the QSK26A This IDE contains the compiler linker assembler and debugger Easy to use flash programming software called Flash over USB FoUSB allows the student to easily program the on board flash Expansion i Port nEn 24 elo z Activity LED 8 character x Power 2 line LCD LED Reset Analog po oaa Switch Adjust Pot e j 10MHz MC16C 26A a ce y Crystal M30260F8AGP A MCU Power A Jumper 4 TP10 Xout Thermistor T nper 32kHz Crystal User LEDs Expansion Port User Pushbutton Switches Figure 1 Renesas QSK26A Educational Board adapted from Quick start guide for QSK26A 628 vl obed Past work Most electrical and computer engineering programs have a course in microprocessors with a laboratory component These laboratory projects emphasize hands on experience with computers and microprocessor technology The students need to understand the basic relationship between assembly language for programming a microcomputer based system to allow the operation of the hardware Some commonly utilized hardware platforms for a microprocessor course are the Axiom CME12B BC development board populated with the Motorola MC68HC912B32 microcontroller Motorola 68HC11EVB Intel 8086 and the Altera DE2 development and education board The platform currently utilized for this course is a Freesca
9. essing capability makes it suitable for control of various OA operational amplifier communication and industrial equipment which requires high speed arithmetic logic operations The variety of internal peripherals on the microcontroller reduces the need for external components Its core has been designed to take advantage of the best features of register based architectures The architecture makes it fast with efficient code execution A hardware multiplier circuit and two DMAC s are implemented to speed up the processing Register configuration The following is a description of the register configuration for the M16C 26A G6z8 r ebeg e Data registers There are four 16 bit registers of which two registers RO and R1 can be used as 8 bit registers For some instructions registers R2 and RO and registers R3 and R1 can be combined for use as 32 bit data registers R2RO R3R1 respectively e Address registers Two 16 bit registers AO and Al For some instructions registers Al and AO can be combined for use as a 32 bit address register A1 AO e Base registers Two 16 bit registers frame base FB and stack base SB These registers consist of 16 bits each and are used in relative addressing Timer 16 bit Output timer A Schannels UART or XIN XOUT Input timer B 3 channels clock synchronous serial I O XCIN XCOUT 8 bits X 3 channels On Chip Oscillator Three phase motor PLL frequency synthesizer control circuit 10
10. give students a quick understanding of the instruction set programming and operation of a microprocessor This will also be useful for their senior design course as many projects utilize microprocessor controller with interfacing circuitry Gl 6c8 71 ebed for any given application Based upon the experience further labs will incorporate applications such as keypad interfacing and automatic motor control for an advanced course in microprocessors that is being planned Bibliography 1 Renesas Technology M16C 26A website http www renesasuniversity com 2 Dorin Patru Daniel B Phillips and Eric Peskin A Two Course Sequence in Computer Engineering Principles for Electrical Engineering Students ASEE 2007 3 Microprocessor based system design lab http www eng fsu edu 4 Microprocessor systems http www ece queensu ca 5 Microprocessor systems http www doe carleton ca bmorshed 4601 6 Microprocessor labs http coen boisestate edu 7 Freescale Semiconductors 68HC11 board http www freescale com 8 Ronald J Tocci and Frank J Ambrosio Microprocessors and Microcomputers 6 Edition Prentice Hall 2002 9 Christopher R Carroll Rocio Alba Flores Fernando Rios Gutierrez New Life for the MC68HC11 Evaluation Board ASEE 2002 10 Adriaan Smit Donald Heer Roger Traylor and Terri S Fiez A Custom Microcontroller used as a platform for learning in ECE AS
11. indow Other component window e g Command line 4 gt Build Debug A Findin Files 1 Find in Files 2 Version Control Status bar Ready Ft Be Default desktop Read write ay Figure 5 A screen shot of the High performance Embedded Workshop HEW adapted from HEW user manual Flash over Universal Serial Bus FoUSB The FoUSB is a Windows application supplied by Renesas Technology for programming M16C flash MCUs This application can be used along with the ICD to program the M16C MCU ona target board After the compilation or assembly process HEW generates a mot format file This file is used by FoUSB for programming the target _ FLASH OVER USB MEIS xy ee Adige F S 2x OPEN S MCU S PREET Lookin Reese ooo i e ae READ ERASE A d UNLOCK riz PROGRAM 5 i SECTIONS Files of type intel Hex or Motorola S Record Cancel Zi Figure 6 FoUSB programmer application ZL 6c8 pl ebed The FoUSB programmer software is also available as a standalone module shown in Figure 6 It can be used to reprogram the flash memory of a M16C 26A microcontroller over USB universal serial bus Laboratory Curriculum and Pedagogical Objectives The laboratory curriculum was designed to demonstrate several concepts necessary to meet the learning objectives for the microprocessor course This was achieved by incorporating some simple application examples into each lab to demonstrate a
12. interrupts These are further classified into two types namely special interrupts and peripheral function interrupts Ol 6287 obed Special interrupts These are non maskable interrupts Below are the following instructions that come under special interrupts NMI DBC Watchdog timer oscillation stop and re oscillation detection voltage down detection single step interrupt and address match interrupt Peripheral function interrupts These are maskable interrupts generated by the microcomputer internal functions a e Software interrupts It occurs when executing certain instructions These are non maskable interrupts Following are the instructions that come under software interrupts Undefined instruction UND instruction Overflow INTO instruction BRK instruction and INT instruction Laboratory Environment The QSK26A comes with the M16C 26A board USB power cord and QSK26A CD ROM In addition to the QSK26A it is necessary to have PC running a compatible Windows installation As of this writing Windows XP is recommended for the development environment Other windows versions may be viable for the QSK26A development environment The USB port connection between the board and the PC is used for allowing the host to directly issue the commands to the board and also acts as the power supply High performance Embedded Workshop HEW The HEW is an integrated environment for debugging and development of embedded application
13. le Semiconductor 68HC11 board supplied by Axiom Inc The 68HC11 is a dated 8 bit architecture and has proved to be a robust platform to teach an introductory course The advantage is that it is a simple mature platform that is cost effective and does not overwhelm the beginner However it has several drawbacks that include an old serial interface lack of a sophisticated IDE limited debugging capability and the absence of a DMA controller on the chip Most universities commonly use microprocessor lab projects such as arithmetic and logical operations on data values interfacing with the hardware on the board and interrupt programming MC68HC11 is still probably the most popular 8 bit microcontroller with enhancements to support an alphanumeric keyboard multi digit LED display and an alphanumeric CRT display to produce four rows of sixteen characters on standard video monitor These I O capabilities of MC68HC11 microcontroller are achieved with addition of minimum components Programs like TekBots a platform for learning created for electrical and computer engineering students will assist teaching many practical engineering skills including innovation design and real system problems This platform gives the student experience as they use real hardware to see problems that can arise allowing them to understand boards and systems A primary concern for any programming language course is the software development environment One major ad
14. low EL 6c8 71 eed By the end of this course students will be able to 1 Understand basic microcomputer architecture 2 Program a microcomputer in assembly language 3 Design standard interfaces for microprocessors Lab 1 is an introduction to the QSK26A kit HEW and FoUSB software development environment tools The initial part of this lab demonstrates the way to create projects in HEW in assembly language This lab familiarizes the student in using HEW tools understanding the file structure type of files created during build process and settings made during a program execution In the later part of the lab students use a sample application program that is already included with the board This application program demonstrates the use of hardware on the board like LEDs switches etc The students can modify some part of the written code to observe the change in the output Lab 2 introduces assembly language programming concepts and the objectives are looping subroutines swapping and comparing the data in memory locations or registers The students get to know how to observe the status of flags instruction set and addressing modes being used Lab 3 exposes the student to perform arithmetic logical operations and understand how to modify data in registers and memory locations by writing their own program that executes arithmetic operations like addition subtraction and multiplication The students can set breakpoints in between their code a
15. mable gate array FPGA and associated soft core processors A new platform is currently being investigated for the microprocessor course partly enabled by an equipment grant from Renesas Inc The major advantages of the new platform include sophisticated user friendly IDE simple instructions set ease of programming and DMA controller support The lab projects developed using QSK26A board were Introduction to M16C 26A assembly language programming concepts arithmetic and logic operations general purpose output operations general purpose input polling for switch input introduction to interrupts and DMA transfer Description of M16C 26A Renesas has a family of microcontrollers to address the market for various applications such as automatic motor control digital home electronics inverter application and networks The M16C 26A is one of the many product offerings by Renesas in this domain It is a 16 bit microcontroller with on board in circuit debugger programmer interface 64K bytes user flash A D converter 2 DMAC channels 39 input output I O lines etc The M16C 26A 48 pin version block diagram is shown in Figure 2 These single chip microcomputers operate using sophisticated instructions featuring a high level of instruction efficiency With 1M byte of address space they are capable of executing instructions at high speed In addition this microcomputer contains a multiplier and a DMAC which combined with fast instruction proc
16. ming and digital systems The laboratory procedures developed for this course are aimed at meeting the learning objectives of this course including assembly language programming program debugging serial communication input output devices interrupts interfacing and direct memory access DMA The laboratory projects introduce students to the host target environment using an integrated development environment IDE The platform currently utilized is a Freescale Semiconductor 68HC11 board produced by Axiom Manufacturing The 68HC11 is a dated 8 bit architecture and has proved to be a robust platform to teach an introductory course A new platform is currently being investigated for the microprocessor course partly enabled by an equipment grant from Renesas Inc The lab projects were developed on the M16C 26A Quick Start Kit QSK26A supplied by Renesas Technology The QSK26A board features on board in circuit debugging ICD and programming support eliminating the use for an external ICD unit The High performance Embedded Workshop HEW4 is a powerful real time source level debug environment supplied with the QSK26A Apart from this the Flash over USB FoUSB programmer software allows in system programming of the QSK26A board s M16C 26A Flash MCU An extensive set of manuals and technical literature is also available for the board Some of the lab applications implemented in this project were introduction to the M16C 26A arithmetic operations l
17. nd step through the program This lab gives the student to show their programming skill and observe the necessary output windows like registers RAM monitor window memory map etc Sample code and generated output values are shown in Figure 7 Sample code for Addition and Subtraction Results Register values of 32 bit numbers Addition Subtraction mov w 0009H RO Value Name Value Radix mov w 000A8H R1 0013 RO 0001 Hex mov w 0009H R2 R1 000A Hex R1 0009 Hex mov w 000AH R3 R2 0013 Hex R2 0001 Hex mov w 00018 A0 R3 0004 Hex R3 0009 Hex a E AO 0001 Hex A 0001 Hex Addition of 32 bit numbers Al 0001 Hex al 0001 Hex add w R1 RO Adds low order bits FB 0000 Hi FB 0000 Hex adc w R3 R2 Adds high order bits a USP 041c Hex USP O41c Hex Subtraction of 32 bit numbers 071c H sub w R1 RO Subtracts low order bits ISP 071c Hex ISP EX sub w R3 R2 Subtracts high order bits PC OFO 37 Hex PC OFO 37 Hex SB 0400 Hex SB 0400 Hex INTB OFF800 Hex INTE OFF800 Hex Figure 7 Sample code and generated output values from Lab 3 vl 6c8 7 bed Lab 4 is an introduction to general purpose output operations LCD output and also to apply sorting of data in memory locations in ascending or descending order With this lab student will have an access to the hardware and can interface with LCD in printing their name or text on 8 character 2 line LCD screen In the later part of the lab students use a simple program to sort data consisting
18. of a specified number of bytes in ascending order Lab 5 is titled as general purpose input polling for switch input This lab is a step advance to fourth lab wherein students write a program to control the blinking rate of LEDs and display the polling switch pressed in accordance to the status of LEDs on the LCD screen With this lab students will understand the concept of timers and interrupts The desired programmed output on the QSK26A board is shown in Figure 8 LCD Module a b Figure 8 The QSK26A a LCD Module adapted from schematics and b Displaying output on LCD when switch is pressed Lab 6 and Lab 7 introduces the concept of interrupts and DMA transfer With this lab student gains an understanding of using interrupts in M16C 26A and how to register an interrupt in the interrupt vector table The procedure consists of writing the interrupt handling functions and registering it to the interrupt vector table In addition students will write a program to transfer the content of memory from one address to other every time a timer interrupt occurs This makes use of two DMAC channels one to transfer from source to temporary RAM and other for a transfer from temporary RAM to the destination All labs are to be written in assembly language later labs have some C language Conclusion The laboratory curriculum developed will be piloted for the EENG 3307 Microprocessors course in Fall 2009 The lab projects are intended to
19. ooping subroutines logical operations LCD interface and application development traffic signals The lab projects are intended to give students a quick understanding of the instruction set programming and operation of a microprocessor A pilot lab is planned in the upcoming academic year Z 6c8 t ebed Introduction A course on microprocessors is typically the central part of the curriculum in most Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering BSEE programs This paper presents the laboratory curriculum developed for semester long junior level introductory course in microprocessors The lab projects were developed on the M16C 26A Quick Starter Kit QSK26A supplied by Renesas Technology Renesas Technology donated some sample QSK26A kits and software to the Department of Electrical Engineering through its university program The lab projects developed for the QSK26A board assume that the students have at least one course in structured programming and one course in digital systems No prior experience with the operation of microprocessors is required An extensive set of manuals and technical literature is also available for the board The platform is ideally suited to expose students to microprocessors The QSK26A board features on board in circuit debugging ICD and programming support eliminating the use for an external ICD unit QSK26A contains an installation CD ROM that includes a complete Integrated Development Environment IDE
20. principle The lab projects developed using this board are summarized in Table 2 Table 2 General overview of lab projects Lab Title Tools used Pedagogical Objectives One Introduction to the HEW Technical manuals Understanding board M16C 26A FoUSB application functionality and software tools Two Assembly Programming HEW Assembly Looping subroutines Concepts language manual startup swapping and comparing files of M16C 26A the data in memory FoUSB application locations or registers observing the register and memory contents Three Arithmetic and Logic HEW FoUSB Using the instruction set Operations application Software and for basic operations like Assembly language addition subtraction and manuals multiplication Four General purpose output HEW Software manual Introduction to LCD operations FoUSB application interface LED output and sorting data values in registers memory locations Five General purpose input HEW MCU manuals Controlling the blinking FoUSB application rate of LEDs and displaying the color of LED on LCD screen in accordance to the polling switch pressed Six Interrupts HEW MCU manuals Introducing the concept of FoUSB application interrupts in M16C 26A Seven Introduction to memory HEW MCU manuals Transferring block of transfer using DMA FoUSB application memory contents at once using DMA The ABET course objectives for the course are enumerated be
21. s for Renesas microcontrollers A microcontroller program is usually divided into multiple files to make it easier to read and understand While exactly how the files are ordered is up to the programmer typically the code is split into various files in a logical manner e g math functions in one file serial port drivers in another etc After all the files in a project are compiled and assembled a linker combines all the files into a single file These steps can be tedious and repetitive The Integrated Development Environment IDE called HEW simplifies the entire process Some features of HEW include automatic generation of start up code for every supported CPU full simulation capability and comprehensive breakpoint functionality Figure 5 shows a screenshot of the HEW interface including the major tool windows that are typically utilized by the developer LL 6c8 rl ebed Title bar Fea High performance Embedded Workshop resetprg c Menu bare File Edit View Project Build Debug Setup Tools Test Window Help Toolbars e D eu g 8 it Fr nD ICI j A A IE B E Tutorial amp resetprg c E E Tutorial 3 Assembly source file typedefine h Workspace e wig ate j stacksct h window vecttbl sre vhandler sre define SR_Init 0x000000F0 Editor I C source file define INT_OFFSET 0x100UL window dbsct c o resetprg c ol ot al at 21 21 7 8 a Output w
22. vance in the IDE is the inclusion of plug in compiler front ends This allows a single IDE to cover multiple source codes written in different programming languages completely transparent to the user and also allows a single IDE to be used to cover all levels of programming from assembly language to other high level languages Basic topics like assembly language programming registers as ports or memory interrupts and virtual machines require solid foundation built on simple initial ideas that later on can be understood with more detail Free versions like Microchip s MPLAB Integrated Development Environment IDE and the datasheets for applicable Programmable Interface Controller PIC MCUs are easily accessible from Microchip s website can be helpful for students to become familiar with the tools Moreover the labs tutorials and exercises can be easily completed using the MPLAB SIM simulator Another such interesting platform is a racetrack platform along with the track the microcontroller development board and microcontroller inputs and outputs With this project v 6c8 t ebed students will gain experience with high level microcontroller system concepts like interrupts as well as low level concepts like assembly language programming LED interfacing Microprocessor courses are typically taught using different microcontroller chips This approach can be changed providing added educational benefits with the availability of field program
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