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Cascade DataHub™ for Linux and QNX Version 7.0 Cogent Real

1. 46 WAVE E 48 34 2 NRE M 50 Poi naro e 52 The Cascade DataHub ships with a number of utilities which are installed on the system This reference section describes how to use these utilities datahub datahub starts the Cascade DataHub Synopsis datahub aDhstUvVx b size d domain f file H home path 1 file m port M address n domain p port q queue Arguments a Transmit all point messages to all registered clients even if the value does not change size The maximum message buffer size domain The domain name for this DataHub This option can be used multiple times to get multiple domains on a single DataHub Do not detach from the controlling tty Normally the DataHub will detach itself and become immune to interrupts and termination on the controlling tty If this option is used then an amp is necessary to run datahub in the background file Load this configuration file Print a help message showing a summary of all these arguments home_path The full path to the directory that will contain the configuration and license files This takes precedence over U If the directory cannot be found or created the files will be stored in the installation directory file Log messages to this file port Acting as a TCP slave attach to a TCP maste
2. sessi esee eene en nennen nennen nnns 5 2 2 22 232 232 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 What is the Cascade DataHub A real time data collection and distribution program for modular QNX and Linux applications RAM resident and extremely fast Needs no pre configuration The Cascade DataHub is a real time database used in process control and other modular real time applications It is RAM resident and unlike other types of databases it requires no configuration Connect Server mem Cascade Linux ONY Report Generator Alarm Monitoring The Cascade DataHub allows you to share data among any number of programs Cascade Historian eliminate communication deadlocks among cooperating programs The Cascade DataHub forms the central data handling mechanism for many real time and embedded systems developed in QNX and Linux It allows you to develop applications where many different modules communicate through a common non blocking mechanism The Cascade DataHub offers both a publish subscribe model for low latency data updates as well as a more traditional read write model for applications that wish to control the rate and timing of data delivery The Cascade DataHub uses a combination of data packaging and intelligent queueing to ensure that the behaviour and communication bandwidth of one program will not adversely affect any others 1 2 A note about the Cascade DataHub
3. Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Navigation Scroll up and down by using the scrollbar the arrow keys or PgUp and PgDn Find a point by typing its name in the Search entry field Making Changes You can change data point values in the DataHub from the DataHub Viewer D New values get written as soon as the Apply button is pressed Choose a point by clicking on it A small dialog box opens that allows you to edit the point s value confidence security and locked status Edit a chosen point by deleting the existing entry then type in the new information Use the Tab key or click the mouse to move between fields Press the Cancel button to close the dialog window ignoring any changes and keeping the original entry Press the Apply button to enter the changes Retransmit all points from the DataHub to the viewer by pressing the Reload button This is useful to see those points that were created but haven t been assigned a value such as through a call to the Gamma function read point orregister point Quitting Press the circular X close button in the window title bar to quit the Cascade DataHub Viewer 2 6 3 X Windows Mode D May 10 14 05 43 296 3442344 May 10 14 05 19 434 12234429 Pointe 100 May 10 13 59 25 646 37 PointD 100 May 10 14 00 09 714 37 R1 100 May 10 14 04 19 965 25 3 h 100 May 10 13 56 49 693 x 5 3 5 pete Name 158 Security 0 Conf 50 string lt Float Value 12234423 a Integer Clear
4. Apply Toggle Lock _j Locked Figure 2 3 The Cascade DataHub Viewer for X Windows In addition to the features in console mode the X Windows mode of the Cascade DataHub Viewer has fields for changing point values permanently displayed at the bottom of the viewer It has a search 16 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub feature and its display includes a timestamp field for every point It also highlights in red any locked points amp You must have GTK to use this mode Starting Type xdhview at the shell prompt to start the viewer Navigation Scroll up and down by using the scrollbar Find a point by typing its name in the Search entry field Making Changes You can change data point values in the DataHub from the DataHub Viewer D New values get written as soon as the Apply button is pressed Choose a point by clicking on it The point s information will be displayed in the data fields at the bottom of the viewer Edit a chosen point by deleting the existing entry then type in the new information Use the Tab key or click the mouse to move between fields Press the Clear button to remove all entries ignoring any changes and keeping the original entries Press the Apply button to enter the changes e If you change the name of a point the Cascade DataHub Viewer will automatically create a new point in the DataHub with that name and any entered values Change a point type by clicking the appropriate button St
5. You irrevocably attorn to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Province of Ontario and agree to commence any litigation that may arise hereunder in the courts located in the Judicial District of Peel Province of Ontario Table of Contents 1 Introduction cssssssssssssssssssssessssersesersssessssessssesessasesessesessessssessssessssessssesessasesesessssossssessssassssesessesesses 1 LA What ss the Cascade DatabIub ecce a redet re ep rerit e ie ee eaten 1 1 2 A note about the Cascade Datallub API occiorient sensere Eene Eeee 1 L3 vatem REQUE cioe hei eie I nine HERE EUER NRIRU MSN EE nein 2 LA Dowplodsd and Wa SBN OI us feroces eet ertet ert eb creta eene uerb dacedsconacevects oscesauedeansanpessseeveteavecs 2 L1 ON 4 E EE E ete n E edo ain Uu T noeh 4 ERE bos mo wr n EET 2 14 4 Tostallegd Ple locations m G 2 13 5 stalina DORHSER 5o eren eee tei tede erect EP sees 7 DE ROCK SA 4 Le Cogent Product WIBEFREOE eiae On eae EPOR RIEN Aes 4 Li Wh eegasl set a oett desistit e tese Ee PEIPER e pes Ere AS eden E 2 Using the Cascade DataHub 4 4 eese ee eee esee eerte etes atenta tasa setas eno so totes eto seas en a tasto sees estet testa sen 6 EA Bran sd MEO 6 Pies Resting Ihe stel Falli ie Ur oit erii Eee Denm eid nte in 6 pi me pg Me 7 2 3 1 Using a Configuration Pile at SGarf p aiiis onere cine
6. API Cogent provides a free application programming interface API for the Cascade DataHub documented in the Cogent C API manual This API consists of a C code library and documented examples that allow you to integrate the DataHub into your own applications The API allows you to read write and have your programs register for exceptions with the DataHub The example code to do this is provided at the end of the Cogent C API manual Chapter 1 Introduction The API is available for download from the Cogent Web Site http www cogent ca If you have problems downloading the API from our web site please contact Cogent and we can arrange to have the API sent to you on diskette 1 3 System Requirements QNX 6 QNX 6 1 0 or later QNX 4 QNX 4 23A or later Linux Linux 2 4 or later The SRR IPC kernel module which includes a synchronous message passing library modeled on the QNX 4 send receive reply message passing API This module installs automatically but requires a C compiler for the installation You can get more information and or download this module at the Cogent Web Site 1 4 Download and Installation You can download the Cascade DataHub from the Cogent Web Site and then follow these instructions for installing it on your system Cogent software comes packaged in self installing archives available for download or on diskette for commerically licensed packages Each software package name which we refer to in
7. DataHub It receives and transmits data from and to any process that is registered with it Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub gives more detailed information 1 6 Cogent Product Integration Cogent products work together to support real time data connectivity in Windows Linux and QNX They can be dynamically integrated as a group of modules where each module connects to any other module s as needed New modules can be added and existing modules reconfigured or modified all during run time Data in any module of the system can be collected and redistributed to any other module via the Cascade DataHub and Cascade Connect Communication with field devices is provided by one of Chapter 1 Introduction several Cogent Device Drivers Historical records of unlimited size can be maintained and queried with the Cascade Historian and ASCII text files can be logged with the Cascade TextLogger Custom programs written in C or C can interface with the system using the Cogent C API or the DataHub APIs for C Java and NET In addition Cogent s own dynamically typed object oriented programming language Gamma is fully compatible with all modules User interfaces can be created in Gamma which supports Photon in QNX and GTK in Linux 1 7 Where can get help If you are having problems with a Cogent product first check the Troubleshooting Guide If you can t find the answer there you can contact Cogent Real Time Systems Inc for technical sup
8. DataHub from the DataHub Viewer n New values get written as soon as the Enter key is pressed Choose a point by moving the selection bar to the desired point and pressing Enter A small dialog box opens that allows you to edit the point s value confidence and security Edit a chosen point by pressing the Backspace key to delete the existing entry then type in the new information Use the Tab key to move between fields Use the Esc key to close the dialog window ignoring any changes and keeping the original entry Use the Enter key to enter the changes and close the dialog box Retransmit all points from the DataHub to the viewer by pressing the R key This is useful to see those points that were created but haven t been assigned a value such as through a call to the Gamma function read pointorregister point Quitting Type Q to quit the Cascade DataHub Viewer 2 6 2 QNX Photon Mode Y 2 5 xs Reload Search Point Name Conf Tine Points Hay 3 09 41 55 781 Point4 Hay 3 09 47 55 791 VIC_OO1 Hay 3 09 48 07 416 xv i Hav 3 09 48 44 493 a Apr 14 16 47 35 668 dh default up None dh up None Figure 2 2 The Cascade DataHub Viewer for QNX Photon In addition to the features in console mode the Photon mode of the Cascade DataHub Viewer has a search feature and its display includes a timestamp field It also highlights in red any locked points Starting Type phdhview at the shell prompt to start the viewer 17
9. IN ise Io cnrs oer arsar rei ep E EEEE REE EEEE E EER Ear 21 23 0 Becupniby amd Point Locking eserinin iene ced dessa elanicneh epe cuan 2l 2 1 6 Unlimited Point C olnt c eene retineret Eten E RR rre Certe ER Rede teas 2 2 1 7 Cascade DafaElib performange ei sedes ete epe creer terere speret ae unb eiiie 22 3 Data Transmission OREO E E T TA 23 FL Syachronous data GRAN SITINSS II MO 23 3 2 A synchronous data MansmissioN inier eses eea E iane E Ea e i aeie 23 3 3 Cascade DatsHub data IEAESIISSIQOD 5 ottenere terere trt reete etes titre tpi 23 A GNU General Public License scsssscsssscsssscessscesssssssssssssssessssesssssesensesenssssnscssnesessesesseseeseseseeseeess 27 B GNU Lesser General Public License sccccsscscsssssssssccsesssscccescsssccccescesecccccesscccscesssccesscssonscsceseees 33 BLUT ESI LAAL EAAS A A N n 41 viii List of Tables 2 1 Memory Uae Emm List of Figures 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 1 3 2 3 3 The Cascade DataHub Viewer mi Console Moce 5 ace is tene The Cascade DataHub Viewer for QNX Photon esses eene enne nnne enne The Cascade DataHub Viewer for X Windows eicit ede ee eredi bee t isi tere dens qr rig gnd I nnne Asynchronous Messages CR advent tes Bir SINUS MA Asynchronous data ICHODSEDESSEODL 5 iiceee terere eter e reae eU En PESE Ee cers na SERRE aE aetna Cascade DataHub Data Transmission
10. License Version 2 1 February 1999 Copyright 1991 1999 by Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed ry p P p ging Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This license the Lesser General Public License applies to some specially designated software packages typically libraries of the Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it You can use it too but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case based on the explanations below When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom of use not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs and that you are informed that you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that
11. a throughput of about 2500 points sec on a Pentium 133 This number is based on using single point messages rather than using efficient packing techniques which would increase throughput Also bear in mind that a DataHub message includes transmission through the asynchronous queue server The lookup of points is done in logarithmic time i e the time does not grow linearly with the number of points in system 22 Chapter 3 Data Transmission In this section we discuss methods of data transmission as they apply to the Cascade DataHub 3 1 Synchronous data transmission Consider the following diagram that represents two programs or tasks communicating with each other using send receive reply message protocol Reply Figure 3 1 Synchronous data transmission Task 1 sends a message to task 2 Using synchronous transmission task 1 will not be able to continue processing until it has either received a reply from task 2 or the message transmission has failed The message may fail to send due to a couple of reasons The recipient task may die which means the message will fail to be sent or the attempt to send the message may time out waiting for a reply There may be a substantial time delay associated with task 2 processing the message and then sending back the reply to task 1 In the example above task 1 is said to be blocked on task 2 until it receives the reply to its original message In many mission critical applic
12. also configure the master to attempt to send old data superseded by more recent data Check any or all of Boolean Integer Float or String that apply to the kind of superseded data that you wish to have sent e To optimize throughput using this option please refer to 13 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub 2 5 6 Mirroring Tunnel Slave Setup Windows Check the Act as a tunneling mirror slave to these masters box to have the Cogent DataHub act as a slave Tunnel Mirror Configuration Tunneling Mirror Slave Act as a tunneling mirror slave to these masters On Host Pot Domain Remote SSL Status Add Master Remove To add a master for this mode click the Add Master button To edit a master double click it or select it and press the Edit button Either button opens the Tunnel Mirror Master window Tunnel Mirror Master Configuration Primary Host fi Port 4502 C Secure SSL Secondary Host Port 4502 Local data domain default Remote user name Remote data domain default Remote password Type in the following information Primary Secondary Host The name or IP address of the host computer This slave DataHub will alternate attempts to connect first on the primary host then on the secondary host back and forth until a connection is made The secondary host is optional and if not entered all attempts to reconnect will be on the primary host If the connection is interrupted th
13. and Linux QNX DataHub DataHub l C n r T 5 js AN Windows Linux A or E There are three possible ways to set this up 1 To have the Windows DataHub initiate the connection you would need to set it up as a slave and set up the Linux or QNX DataHub as a master 2 To have the Linux or QNX DataHub initiate the connection you would need to set it up as a slave and set up the Windows DataHub as a master Il Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub 3 As a third alternative you can use Cascade Connect instead of the DataHub in Windows however you must keep in mind that Cascade Connect always functions as a slave and it only connects to DDE enabled programs Please refer to the Cascade Connect manual for details on setting it up for mirroring You would set it up the Linux or QNX DataHub as a master 2 5 2 Exchanging data between Linux QNX and Linux QNX DataHub DataHub Linux A Or es Linux A Or ees For this scenario you would set up whichever DataHub you wanted to initiate the connection as a master and set up the other DataHub as a slave 2 5 3 Mirroring Master Setup Linux or QNX You can set up the Cascade DataHub to act as a mirroring master on Linux or QNX in either of these two ways 1 Run the DataHub with the p option This tells the Cascade DataHub to listen as a TCP master on the port or service you specify Normally you would use port 4600 which we have arbitrarily chosen as the normal port but any p
14. automatically Option C Download or copy from diskette the software package name qpr file onto your QNX 6 computer Then as root run the command qnxinstall software package name qpr and respond to the system prompts 1 4 3 Linux First make sure the SRR kernel module is installed If not it is downloadable from the SRR for Linux page of the Cogent web site Then follow these instructions to install the software package 1 Download or copy from diskette the software package name sh gz file onto your Linux computer 2 Login as root 3 Type the command gunzip software package name sh gz This unzips the software package and removes the gz extension from the end of the filename 4 Type the command sh software package name sh and respond to the system prompts 1 4 4 Installed file locations On whichever OS the software is installed all files will be written to the usr cogent directory Depending on which packages are installed the following subdirectories will contain the types of files shown bin Binary executables dl11 Dynamically linked libraries docs Miscellaneous documentation Regular documentation is downloaded separately include Header files lib Cogent library files license The license file see below require Lisp or Gamma files used by Gamma or its extensions src The source code for examples tests tutorials etc 1 4 5 Installing licenses Licenses to use the software can
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17. gt This library is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 1 of the License or at your option any later version 39 Appendix B GNU Lesser General Public License This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail You should also get your employer if you work as a programmer or your school if any to sign a copyright disclaimer for the library if necessary Here is a sample alter the names Yoyodyne Inc hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library Frob a library for tweaking knobs written by James Random Hacker lt signature of Ty Coon gt 1 April 1990 Ty Coon President of Vice That s all there is to it 40 I Utilities Table of Contents HPAL ANION emet 42 Disp NE D M M 44 UII PROTEIN 45 PERU nep
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20. these instructions as software package name contains the product name version number operating system and sometimes other information and will end with either sh gz or qpr For example gamma 4 0 bin 48 Linux sh gzor CascDataHub 4 0 bld10 x86 Cogent qpr are typical package names The installation procedure is standardized across Cogent products but depends on the operating system 1 4 1 QNX 4 Option A Install the archive from diskette 1 Log in as root 2 Insert the program diskette into your QNX 4 computer 3 Type the command install and respond to the system prompts Option B Install the archive from a download or received as an e file 1 Download or copy the software package name sh gz file onto your QNX 4 computer 2 Login as root 3 Type the command gunzip software package name sh gz This unzips the software package and removes the gz extension from the end of the filename Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Type the command sh software package name sh and respond to the system prompts o If you get an error trying to install the sh archive in QNX please read the Installing program archives in QNX section of the Glossary FAQ and Troubleshooting for help 1 4 2 QNX 6 Option A Use the QNX 6 Installer program The Cogent repository is located at http developers cogentrts com repository Option B Download the software package name qpr file using the QNX 6 Voyager browser The archive will install
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22. 23 018 Security 0 49 writept writept writes a point to the Cascade DataHub Synopsis writept frils d domain S security pointname pointvalue Arguments pointname The name of the Cascade DataHub point to write to pointvalue The value to assign to this point d domain Domain name for the DataHub to write the point to f Write the point as a floating point number i Write the point as a short integer 1 Write the point as a long integer r Same as f s Write the point as a character string S security Set the security level for writing Returns On success nothing on error a message Description The writept utility will write or create a value in any accessible Cascade DataHub Alternate domains can be written to without having to use the d option by passing point names with the domain pointname syntax Strings containing spaces and special characters must be escaped from the shell appropriately The point type will be guessed if not specified The order of guessing is long float string the default The guess is considered correct if the entire argument is converted Long can be specified in standard C style for example 0x5f for hex 0647 for octal etc o The source code for this utility is normally installed in the usr cogent src datahub directory 50 Dependencies qserve nserve datahub See Also datahub readpt Example sh writept LICO2 sp 55
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25. Qe Cogent Real Time Systems Inc Documentation Library Cascade DataHub for Linux and QNX Version 7 0 Cogent Real Time Systems Inc January 13 2011 Cascade DataHub for Linux and QNX Version 7 0 A memory resident real time database that acts as a hub providing fast and efficient concentration and distribution of data for QNX and Linux applications Published January 13 2011 Cogent Real Time Systems Inc 162 Guelph Street Suite 253 Georgetown Ontario Canada L7G 5X7 Toll Free 1 888 628 2028 Tel 1 905 702 7851 Fax 1 905 702 7850 Information Email info cogent ca Tech Support Email support cogent ca Web Site www cogent ca Copyright 1995 2011 by Cogent Real Time Systems Inc Revision History Revision 7 0 1 September 2007 Updated TCP connectivity and other functionality to maintain compatibility with Windows DataHubs Revision 6 2 1 February 2005 Removed synchronous TCP functionality Revision 5 0 1 August 2004 Compatible with Cascade DataHub and Cascade Connect for Windows Revision 4 0 1 September 2001 Source code compatible across QNX 4 QNX 6 and Linux Revision 3 0 1 September 2000 Moved API section to Cogent C API manual Revision 2 2 May 2000 Added Using the Cascade DataHub Viewer Point Locking and Security Revision 2 1 April 1999 Converted from Word97 to DocBook SGML Revision 2 0 April 1999 Combined User s Manual with API document Revision 1 3 March 1999 Revisi
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28. Writes to the point LICO2 sp the value of 55 in the DataHub default sh writept d control m38onoff 1 Writes to the point m38onoff the value 1 in the DataHub control writept 51 xdhview xdhview an X Windows based viewer for the Cascade DataHub Synopsis xdhview hvVX d domain Arguments d domain Specify the domain of the DataHub to view defaults to adefault Print a help message and exit Generate debugging output Print the version number Exit immediately usually used with V Returns On success nothing on error a message Description The xdhview utility uses X Windows to present a window containing a list view of the points within the Cascade DataHub for a specified domain The xdhview display is updated as points within the DataHub change Dependencies qserve nserve datahub See Also X Windows Mode in Using the Cascade DataHub Viewer dhview phdhview Example sh xdhview Views the DataHub from the domain default sh xdhview d control Views the DataHub from the domain cont rol 52 Index D datahub 42 dhview 44 master for mirroring 13 mirroring master 13 slave 14 phdhview 45 readpt 46 slave for mirroring 14 waiter 48 writept 50 xdhview 52 53 Colophon This book was produced by Cogent Real Time Systems Inc from a single source group of SGML files Gnu Emacs was used to edit the SGML files The DocB
29. ansmit all point changes to any receiver that can handle the data rate and guarantees that even slow receivers such as GUI applications and applications on dial up lines will always receive the most recent point values even if they miss some intermediate values 3 3 Cascade DataHub data transmission The Cascade DataHub works in conjunction with the qserve queue manager program to provide asynchronous data transmission between tasks Any task Cascade sending data Database eply eply Figure 3 3 Cascade DataHub Data Transmission Signal send Any task j receiving data Reply Any number of tasks can write data directly to the Cascade DataHub because it is a non blocking program that is always ready to receive a message When a program wishes to read the point value from the DataHub the task registers for exceptions for that point Then whenever the DataHub receives a new value for a particular data point it immediately sends a message to the queue for each client program that has registered an interest in that data point The queue manager then sends a signal to the client program informing the client that there is a message waiting on its queue The client program then sends a message to the queue manager requesting the message The queue manager sends the new value for the data point in the reply to the client There are three ways in which a client can register for exceptions from the DataHub 1 A client regi
30. ary or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License also called this License Each licensee is addressed as you A library means a collection of software functions and or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs which use some of those functions and data to form executables The Library below refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms A work based on the Library means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Library or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated straightforwardly into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For a library complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library 34 Appendix B GNU Lesser General Public License Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running a program using the Library is n
31. assembly in an assembly in a domain would be domain assembly subassembly attribute property Properties describe the attributes in more detail An attribute can have a default property such that if you interact with the attribute point directly you will in fact be interacting with its default property For example an item might be plant temperature with properties value highlimit units This would create 4 tags plant temperature plant temperature highlimit plant temperature units plant temperature valu The tags plant temperature plant temperature valu 10 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub are aliases of one another Both refer to the default property of plant temperature If you specify no property at all for an item the item takes on the default property 2 4 5 Attributes and Types It is common for attributes to contain the same type of information For example all temperatures in a system are likely to share units high alarm level and value To avoid repeating this information for each and every temperature in the sytem we use a type A type is the prototype or class of an attribute You define a type and its properties first and then define attributes of that type on assemblies When the assembly is instantiated its attributes are instantiated by creating an attribute and then assigning the properties to it that are associated with the attribute s type There is an alternative to
32. ations having one task blocked on another task is unacceptable because the blocked tasks are unable to perform other duties for the duration of the message transaction Synchronous transmission is however a fast and reliable method of data transfer when you absolutely need to know that a message was received by the recipient or when the sending task must have a response before it can continue processing 3 2 Asynchronous data transmission An asynchronous data transmission involves a mechanism called a queue In general a queue is a service which temporarily holds messages destined for a receiving task until that task is ready to process them The sending task passes messages off to the queue and does not wait for a response from the receiver The queue guarantees that if it accepts a message then that message will be delivered Cogent s asynchronous messaging is implemented through a queue administrator called Cascade QueueServer or qserve Signal Send Reply Reply Figure 3 2 Asynchronous data transmission In the example above when task 1 sends a message to task 2 it does so through the queue administrator Task 1 transmits the message to the queue administrator which replies immediately with an 23 Chapter 3 Data Transmission acknowledgment that it has held the message for delivery pending a request from task 2 Task 1 can now continue with its other duties without having to wait for task 2 to process the messa
33. be purchased from Cogent To install a license you need to copy the Chapter 1 Introduction license string into the usr cogent license file If this file does not exist on your system just create one as a text file and list the license strings one per line 1 5 Quick Start Once the Cascade DataHub is installed you can run it from a terminal From a second terminal you can run the DataHub Viewer in console mode to get a window into the Cascade DataHub And from a third terminal you can verify the data using the waiter command Try it Open three terminals and issue the following commands Terminal Command What it does 1 sh datahub Starts the DataHub 2 sh dhview Shows the contents of the Cascade DataHub 3 sh waiter Lets you verify the status of the data 1 sh writept test 25 Sends test data Here is what you should see on the three terminals Y 3 B 39 Reload Search Point Name Conf Time Point3 Point4 VIC 001 XV 001 a db default up db xj503 5 2 2 3 7000000000 3 7000000000 2 4 5 6 Pars 7 8 9 b3 U D P N R Enter Arrows Poll D 0 U D P N R Enter Arrows PaU D Q Terminal 2 Terminal 3 You can now use the writept command to write new values to the test point like this sh writept test 7975 Or create new points and write values numbers or strings to them For example sh writept newpt Hello world This is the basic concept of the Cascade
34. cause it uses the Cascade QueueServer qserve to handle outgoing messages 20 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Figure 2 5 Asynchronous Messages The DataHub only ever sends messages to qserve program which is optimized so that it never enters a state where it cannot accept a message from the DataHub 2 7 3 Network Access in QNX 4 The Cascade DataHub works across any QNX 4 network Only the qserve and nserve tasks approx 100 KB RAM need to be run on the network computer all other tasks remain on the machine with the DataHub 2 7 4 Confidence Factors All data points are created with an associated confidence factor that is delivered with every point value Any writing program may set confidence factors This lets you change the confidence on a point value to reflect uncertainty and can be used in more advanced control strategies to weight actions and responses to alarm states 2 7 5 Security and Point Locking The Cascade DataHub provides facilities for implementing security and point locking It respects security levels and locked points but the application programmer is responsible for how that security is allotted D Changing security levels and locking points can be done through an application or through the Cascade DataHub Viewer For this reason it is important to either restrict access to the Cascade DataHub Viewer or to modify its source code to restrict access to its security features Generally speakin
35. ce with this LICENSE or to follow your normal back up practices Subject to the license expressly granted above you obtain no right title or interest in or to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or related documentation including but not limited to any copyright patent trade secret or other proprietary rights therein All whole or partial copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT remain property of Cogent and will be considered part of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT for the purpose of this EULA Unless expressly permitted under this EULA or otherwise by Cogent you will not m use reproduce modify adapt translate or otherwise transmit the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or related components in whole or in part an E rent lease license transfer or otherwise provide access to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or related components m iii alter remove or cover proprietary notices in or on the SOFTWARE PRODUCT related documentation or storage media iv export the SOFTWARE PRODUCT from the country in which it was provided to you by Cogent or its authorized reseller v use a multi processor version of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT in a network larger than that for which you have paid the corresponding multi processor fees si decompile disassemble or otherwise attempt or assist others to reverse engineer the SOFTWARE PRODUCT vii i circumvent disable or otherwise render ineffective any demonstration time outs locks on functionality or any other restrictions on
36. ceived copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance Section 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it Section 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License Section 7 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or 29 Appendix A GNU General Public License otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you ca
37. ces the client that sent the new data value to the DataHub is also registered for an exception on that point In this case the originator of the data change will also receive an exception indicating the data change When there are multiple clients reading and writing the same data point one client may wish to perform an action whenever another client changes the data Thus it must be able to differentiate between exceptions which it has originated itself and ones which originate from other clients The Cascade DataHub defines an echo as an exception being returned to the originator of the value change In certain circumstances the lack of differentiation between exceptions and echoes can introduce instability into both single and multi client systems For example consider an application consisting of the DataHub mirroring data to a DataHub in Windows The Windows DataHub communicates with Wonderware s InTouch program InTouch communicates using DDE which does not make the distinction between exceptions and echoes A data value delivered to InTouch will always be re emitted to the Windows DataHub which in turn will re emit the value to the Linux or QNX DataHub The Linux or QNX DataHub will generate an exception back to the Windows DataHub which will pass this exception on to InTouch InTouch will re emit the value and so on A single value change will cause an infinite communication loop There are many other instances of this kind of behavior in a
38. cess to copy from a designated place offer equivalent access to copy the above specified materials from the same place e Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or that you have already sent this user a copy For an executable the required form of the work that uses the Library must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the executable from it However as a special exception the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally accompany the operating system Such a contradiction means you cannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that you distribute Section 7 You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License and distribute such a combined library provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted and provided that you do these two things a Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
39. d or reconfigured dynamically during run time Using the Isend or gsend command line tools These two commands are similar except one uses Lisp syntax as explained above while the other uses Gamma syntax Please refer to the Isend documentation in the Cogent C API manual for more information Here is an example using Isend 1 Start the DataHub and declare the example domain sh datahub d example 2 Start Isend using the name of the DataHub This consists of the string dh followed by the domain name If no domain is declared the DataHub takes its name from its PID Please refer to Section 2 4 3 Domains and Names for more information sh lsend dh example dh example gt When Isend starts it gives you a prompt with the name of the receiving program in it 3 At the prompt generated by Isend send commands using the Lisp syntax explained above dh example gt alive success alive dh example gt heartbeat 200 success heartbeat 200 dh example gt For each command Isend displays the return value from the DataHub in Lisp syntax Here is the same example using gsend sh datahub d example sh gsend dh example dh example gt alive success alive dh example gt heartbeat 200 success heartbeat 200 dh example gt The return values for gsend from the DataHub are in also in Lisp syntax Sending a command from a C program The Cogent C API has functions that allow you
40. ded by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY Section 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE 30 Appendix A GNU General Public License PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION Section 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDIT
41. default default Once the file is ready run the DataHub with the f option sh datahub f path to my configfile cfg For example sh datahub f usr local misc dhconfig cfg 2 5 5 Mirroring Tunnel Master Setup Windows You can configure your DataHub to act as a master for either plain text tunneling secure tunnelling using SSL or both Each mode uses a separate port number or service name Tunneling Mirror Master v Accept plain text connections on service port 4502 Current Connections 0 Se Accept secure connections on service port 4503 SSL Certificate C Program Files Cogent OPC DataHub plugin TCP d Current Connections 0 Try to send data even if it is known to be superseded V Boolean V Integer v Float v String n If you enter a name for the service port instead of a number that name must be listed in the Windows services file Please refer to The Windows Services file Appendix for details The DataHub installs an SSL Certificate for you If you wish to move it or use a different one you can change the directory path here The SSL implementation uses the default SSL 3 encryption cipher DHE RS A AES256 SHA This is a 256 bit encryption The server and client negotiate the best encryption based on what both can support The DataHub does not validate the SSL certificate with any outside certificate authority It uses the SSL connection for encryption only not authentication You can
42. der Therefore we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license 33 Appendix B GNU Lesser General Public License Most GNU software including some libraries is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License This license the GNU Lesser General Public License applies to certain designated libraries and is quite different from the ordinary General Public License We use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non free programs When a program is linked with a library whether statically or using a shared library the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work a derivative of the original library The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteria of freedom The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the library We call this license the Lesser General Public License because it does Less to protect the user s freedom than the ordinary General Public License It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non free programs These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries However the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special circumstances For example on rare occasions there ma
43. e DataHub will again alternate attempts at reconnection on the primary and secondary hosts Port The port number or service name as entered in the Master service port entry box of the master on the remote computer Secure SSL You can establish a secure connection using SSL tunneling as long as the tunnelling master DataHub you are attempting to connect to has been configured for secure connections See above Local data domain The local Cogent DataHub data domain for this slave It is common but not necessary to create or use an existing local data domain that has the same name as the remote data domain Remote data domain The name of the remote Cascade DataHub data domain which is the tunneling master Point names will be mapped from that data domain into the local data domain and vice versa 14 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Remote user name The user name for TCP security established on the tunneling master using the DataHub Security option in the Properties window Remote passwork The password for TCP security established on the tunneling master using the DataHub Security option in the Properties window o There is a DataHub running on Cogent s server that you can connect to for testing Here are the parameters you will need to enter for it e Primary Host developers cogentrts com Port 4502 Local data domain test Remote data domain test You now have several options for the mirrored conn
44. e for this utility is normally installed in the usr cogent src datahub directory Dependencies nserve datahub See Also datahub writept Example sh readpt LICO2 sp Point LICO2 sp Value 55 Conf 100 Lock 0 Secur 0 sh readpt d control m23onoff Point m23onoff Value 1 Conf 100 46 readpt Lock 0 Secur 0 sh readpt b control m23onoff Point m23onoff Value 1 47 waiter waiter registers for exceptions with a Cascade DataHub and displays values as updates are received Synopsis waiter hv d domain q queuename pointname Arguments d domain The domain name of the DataHub to write the point to h Print a help message and exit q queuename The name of the queue for point changes Print debugging information pointname The name of point s to register for exceptions This argument is optional If not supplied all points in the DataHub will be displayed Returns On success prints a message indicating that the points named on the command line have been registered and the values of registered points when they change On error an error message Description The waiter utility will register for exceptions on the named DataHub or on the default DataHub if d is not specified If points are named on the command line then only those points are expected If no points are specified then all points in the DataHub are registered and any points created on the Da
45. ection Data Flow Direction O Read write Send and receive data to and from the Master 9 Read only Receive data from the Master but do not send O Write only Send data to the Master but do not receive When the connection is initiated Get all values From the Master When the connection is lost CO Mark data quality here as Not Connected 9 Do not modify the data quality here or on the Master Connection Properties C Replace incoming time stamp with the local current time C Transmit point changes in binary Faster x86 CPU only Target is a Cogent Embedded Toolkit server Heartbeat ms 1000 Retry Delay ms 5000 Timeout ms 5000 1 Data Flow Direction lets you determine which way the data flows The default is read only data flow from master to slave but you can set up a read write or write only connection by choosing those options e To optimize throughput check the Read only Receive data from the Master but do not send option Only do this if you actually want a read only connection If you do not require read write access a read only tunnel will be faster 2 When the connection is initiated determines how the values from the points are assigned when the slave first connects to the master There three possibilities the slave gets all values from the master the default the slave sends all its values to the master or the data from master and slave gets synchronized The availability of the
46. ee from defects in material and workmanship under normal use for a period of ninety 90 days from acceptance of this EULA Cogent is not responsible for disk defects that result from accident or abuse Your sole remedy for any breach of warranty will be either i terminate this EULA and receive a refund of any amount paid to Cogent for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or ii to receive a replacement disk 5 LIMITATIONS Except as expressly warranted above the SOFTWARE PRODUCT any related documentation and disks are provided as is without other warranties or conditions of any kind including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose and non infringement You assume the entire risk as to the results and performance of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT Nothing stated in this EULA will imply that the operation of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT will be uninterrupted or error free or that any errors will be corrected Other written or oral statements by Cogent its representatives or others do not constitute warranties or conditions of Cogent In no event will Cogent or its officers employees suppliers distributors or licensors collectively Its Representatives be liable to you for any indirect incidental special or consequential damages whatsoever including but not limited to loss of revenue lost or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss arising out of any breach of this EULA any use or inability to use the SOFTWA
47. efers to a function or a table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the facility other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that in the event an application does not supply such function or table the facility still operates and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful For example a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well defined independent of the application Therefore Subsection 2d requires that any application supplied function or table used by this function must be optional if the application does not supply it the square root function must still compute square roots These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Library the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the i
48. f the queue is held internally to the sending task In most cases a task cannot walk the queue as it is provided by an external program or operating system facility Even if the queue is available to the sender there is no guarantee that the oldest data is the least important In general eliminating data solely on the basis of age is unacceptable In the case of the QNX queue administrator Mqueue this method of dealing with a full queue is not an option as the queue is held externally to the sender 3 Throw away the oldest duplicate data on the queue As above this option is only available if the queue is internal to the sender In addition it implies that the data in the queue is of a known type and format and can be examined for its similarity to new data In the case of process control points this is generally true though it means that every point being transmitted must be compared to every queued message to determine whether it should replace a current message or go to the end of the queue Depending on the implementation this mechanism may not preserve time ordering in the queued data The Cascade DataHub uses a generalized external queue mechanism and so does not provide this type of data reduction 24 Chapter 3 Data Transmission 4 Try to send the data again later If a task cannot deliver a message to the queue immediately then it has the option of holding the message for later transmission Once space is available in the que
49. g overhead into the transmission mechanism the speed of asynchronous transmission will tend to be slower than that of synchronous data transfer Perhaps the biggest drawback of the asynchronous transmission method is that there must be a method of dealing with overflows in the queue If the receiving task fails to collect its messages from the queue administrator or if it cannot keep up with the rate at which messages are being sent to the queue administrator then eventually messages will build up and the queue administrator will run out of buffer space At this point the queue administrator must refuse further incoming messages until the receiver has cleared some of its pending messages The sending task must include a contingency plan for undeliverable messages A sending task may react in several ways to a full queue situation 1 Throw away data that cannot be put on the queue This is both the most common and least acceptable response to a full queue The most recent data will be lost and old data currently on the queue will be retained Once the condition causing the full queue has been cleared the most recent data will be unavailable In the case of process control systems this scenario will fail to transmit the most recent process changes Obviously this method is not attractive when you consider the potential loss of state change information and critical alarm data 2 Throw away the oldest data on the queue This method is only viable i
50. g the Cascade DataHub assigns every task a security level expressed as an integer ranging from 0 the default to 32 767 Every DataHub point also has a security level within the same range If a task security level is greater than or equal to a point security level then that task has full access to the point It can register it read it lock it unlock it write to it and change its security to any level up to and including the task s own level On the other hand if a task security level is less than a point security level that task can read the point and register it but nothing else amp The point locking feature is useful for debugging as it allows you to prevent a function from writing to a point or group of points at the points themselves rather than altering code 2 7 6 Unlimited Point Count Because the Cascade DataHub is RAM resident and requires no pre configuration the size of the DataHub is only limited by the available system resources 21 Table 2 1 Memory Usage Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Program Size on Disk Size in Memory DataHub 52 KB 110 KB Cascade QueueServer 18 KB 69 KB Cascade NameServer 43 KB 146 KB networked 93 KB standalone allocation overhead Each point requires approximately 100 bytes which includes memory 2 7 7 Cascade DataHub performance Most of the CPU time used by the demo is consumed updating the screens The Cascade DataHub by itself has
51. ge The queue administrator then sends a signal to task 2 telling it that there is a message waiting for it in the queue A signal is a special operating system mechanism that cannot block on another task and in this case acts like a flag to indicate to task 2 that there is a message waiting This means that the queue program is never blocked waiting for a reply from a task that it has informed about a message waiting Task 2 sends a request for the waiting message and receives the data in a reply from the queue administrator It should be noted that the queue administrator never initiates a message transaction and due to the nature of the send receive reply mechanism it will never block while transmitting a reply Thus a queue administrator in this scenario will always be available to receive messages and the originator of an asynchronous message will never block There are a number of disadvantages to using asynchronous message passing The sender and receiver in an asynchronous transaction must agree upon a queue name in order for the queue administrator to correctly route a message This requires either hard coded queue names command line arguments or a queue aware name server so tasks can discover the destination queue names The Cascade DataHub uses a queue aware name server called nserve to provide maximum flexibility in asynchronous connections A second concern is that because asynchronous transmission introduces additional message passin
52. he Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Library does not specify a license version number you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation Section 14 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY Section 15 BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECES
53. he entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 28 Appendix A GNU General Public License Section 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute c
54. his to be true is not precisely defined by law If such an object file uses only numerical parameters data structure layouts and accessors and small macros and small inline functions ten lines or less in length then the use of the object file is unrestricted regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6 Otherwise if the work is a derivative of the Library you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself Section 6 As an exception to the Sections above you may also combine or link a work that uses the Library with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library and distribute that work under terms of your choice provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer s own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License You must supply a copy of this License If the work 36 Appendix B GNU Lesser General Public License during execution displays copyright notices you must include the copyright notice for the Library among them as well as a reference directing the user
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57. is an upgrade of a Cogent product you now may use that upgraded product only in accordance with this EULA If the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is an upgrade of a component of a package of software programs which you licensed as a single product the SOFTWARE PRODUCT may be used and transferred only as part of that single product package and may not be separated for use on more than one computer COPYRIGHT All title and copyrights in and to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT including but not limited to any images photographs animations video audio music text and applets incorporated into the SOFTWARE PRODUCT any accompanying printed material and any copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT are owned by Cogent or its suppliers You may not copy the printed materials accompanying the SOFTWARE PRODUCT All rights not specifically granted under this EULA are reserved by Cogent PRODUCT SUPPORT Cogent has no obligation under this EULA to provide maintenance support or training RESTRICTED RIGHTS Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to restrictions as provided in DFARS 227 7202 1 a and 227 7202 3 a 1995 DFARS 252 227 7013 c 1 Gi OCT 1988 FAR 12 212 a 1995 FAR 52 227 19 or FAR 52 227 14 ALT III as appropriate Manufacturer is Cogent Real Time Systems Inc 162 Guelph Street Suite 253 Georgetown Ontario L7G 5X7 Canada GOVERNING LAW This Software License Agreement is governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario Canada
58. le and the DataHub is acting as a TCP master see below For example sh datahub sh nsnames Name Domain Queue NID PID dh 13440 default dh 13440 0 13440 dh default default dh 13440 0 13440 As clients ask for points in various domains the DataHub will register the appropriate names with nserve if possible If you have more than one DataHub serving the same domain name only the first one will be allowed to register the dh domain name with nserve 2 4 4 Assemblies Subassemblies Attributes and Properties Within a domain data can be arranged hierarchically as assemblies subassemblies attributes and properties Each assembly can have zero or more attributes and zero or more subassemblies and each attribute can have zero or more properties Subassemblies can have subassemblies You can think of assemblies and subassemblies as branches in a tree and attributes as the leaves Here is an example of what a tree might look like Domain Assembly Subassembly zero or more Attribute zero or more Property zero or more Attribute Attribute Attribute Property Property Property Subassembly Subassembly Attribute Property Property Attribute Attribute Property Assembly and so on The written syntax for all of these levels uses a dot to divide the names rather than a colon that was used for the domain name Hence the syntax of point in a property in an attribute in a sub
59. minent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception If the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to t
60. mmand datahub d test This is because the point test 1 is in the test domain Please refer to Section 2 4 3 Domains and Names for more information 2 Atthe shell type the command sh readpt testl or sh readpt test testl The results should look like this Point testl Value 25 Time Jun 14 10 43 38 896 Conf 100 Lock 0 Secur 0 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub These tests establish that you can read and write data points to the Cascade DataHub The syntax for writept and readpt are described in the Utilities reference and their source code is is normally installed in the usr cogent src datahub directory Shutting down The simplest way to shut down the DataHub is to send a kill 9 command for the DataHub s process ID A more graceful and orderly method is to send the exit command using the Isend utility like this sh ps aux name 19350 0 0 0 3 3160 1612 S 16 37 0 00 datahub name 19354 0 0 0 1 2856 868 pts 0 R 16 39 0 00 ps aux sh lsend 19350 dh 19350 exit lt dh 19350 no longer reachable gt dh 19350 disconnected gt Ctr1 C sh o If the DataHub shuts down in any way other than using Isend it takes Linux or QNX a couple of minutes more or less to free up the TCP socket that the DataHub was using So if you kill the DataHub you ll have to wait a couple of minutes before attempting to restart it 2 3 Configuration The Cascade DataHub can be configured with a config
61. nnot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License Section 8 If the distribution and or use of the P
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63. on 1 2 October 1998 Copyright trademark and software license information Copyright Notice 1995 2011 Cogent Real Time Systems Inc All rights reserved Information in this document is subject to change without notice No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical for any purpose without the express written consent of Cogent Real Time Systems Inc Cogent Real Time Systems Inc assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions nor do we assume liability for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this document Trademark Notice Cascade DataHub Cascade Connect Cascade DataSim Connect Server Cascade Historian Cascade TextLogger Cascade NameServer Cascade QueueServer RightSeat SCADALisp and Gamma are trademarks of Cogent Real Time Systems Inc All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR COGENT SOFTWARE IMPORTANT READ CAREFULLY This End User License Agreement EULA is a legal agreement between you either an individual or a single entity and Cogent Real Time Systems Inc Cogent of 162 Guelph Street Suite 253 Georgetown Ontario L7G 5X7 Canada Tel 905 702 7851 Fax 905 702 7850 from whom you acquired the Cogent software product s SOFTWARE PRODUCT or SOFTWARE either directly from Cogent or through one of Cogent s autho
64. onfigure the names or types of data points you will be using in your system If your program writes a data value to the DataHub and the point does not exist the DataHub will create the point If a program registers for exceptions for named points that currently do not exist in the DataHub then the DataHub will create those points and register the client program at the same time If a program tries to read the value of a point that doesn t exist in the DataHub then the DataHub will create the point and return a default zero value with a zero confidence to the client program The DataHub does not limit the size of a point data message The only limits are those imposed by the operating system This limit is 64000 bytes in QNX using SRR 128000 bytes in Linux using the SRRIPC Module and unlimited for TCP Bear in mind that very large values will take more time to be transmitted over a network Typically the Cascade DataHub is started before other application modules Then other tasks are started that communicate with the DataHub to request exceptions send data or both Memory RAM is allocated for the points as they are created by the DataHub It is not possible to directly delete points from the DataHub Should a point no longer be in use by any participating program when the DataHub is shut down and restarted the point will no longer appear 2 4 2 Registering for Exceptions The normal way to receive data is to have your program register f
65. ook DTD and related DSSSL stylesheets were used to transform the SGML source into HTML PDF and QNX Helpviewer output formats This processing was accomplished with the help of OpenJade JadeTeX Tex and various scripts and makefiles Details of the process are described in our book Preparing Cogent Documentation which is published on line at http developers cogentrts com cogent prepdoc bookl html Text written by Andrew Thomas Paul Benford and Bob Mcllvride Illustrations by Paul Benford 54
66. or an exception on a data point Once you have registered for an exception the DataHub will send you an update whenever the value for that point changes The waiter utility registers for exceptions with a DataHub and displays any new point values that it receives The source code for this example will help you develop applications that effectively utilize the DataHub See waiter for details about the syntax for waiter and its source code is normally installed in the usr cogent src datahub directory 2 4 3 Domains and Names The Cascade DataHub divides data into domains This provides namespace separation and avoid conflicts when working with multiple third party data sources In addition using domains for a large network can significantly reduce network traffic All references for point values that reside in a domain other than default are referenced using a domain prefix of the following format domain pointname The Cascade NameServer assigns the DataHub a name for each domain These names are used for communication with other programs and can be viewed using the nsnames command For example sh datahub d testl d test2 sh nsnames Name Domain Queue NID PID dh testl testl dh testl 0 13446 dh test2 test2 dh testl 0 13446 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub In some cases the DataHub will only register its name with a process ID on it This is useful if you don t specify a domain with the d option or in the configuration fi
67. orresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code Section 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have re
68. ort number will do so long as the client slave uses the same port number sh datahub p port service For example sh datahub p 4600 2 Create a configuration file or use an existing one Make sure the following lines are in the file tcp service 4600 enable tcp server 1 enable mirror master 1 Then run the DataHub with the f option sh datahub f path to my configfile cfg For example sh datahub f usr local misc dhconfig cfg 2 5 4 Mirroring Slave Setup Linux or QNX You can set up the Cascade DataHub to act as a mirroring slave on Linux or QNX in either of these two ways 1 Run the DataHub with the m M and n options sh datahub m port M address n domain 12 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub For example sh datahub m 4600 M 192 168 3 15 n test 2 Create a configuration file or use an existing one Make sure the following lines are in the file create domain domain mirror master address port domain domain enable mirror slave 1 The create domain command is optional It is used in this example to show how to make a domain on the slave DataHub that matches a domain on the master DataHub The mirror master command then sets up mirroring from domain on the master to a different domain domain on the slave You can also mirror domains with the same name say default by simply specifying the same domain name for master and slave mirror master 192 168 3 15 4600
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70. port for any product you have purchased Email lt support cogent ca gt Phone 1 888 628 2028 Fax 905 702 7850 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub 2 1 Starting up and shutting down Follow these steps to start the Cascade DataHub 1 Ensure that usr cogent bin is in your PATH check this using the set command 2 Start the Cascade DataHub using the datahub command with the appropriate arguments no ampersand amp is required For example sh datahub The example above would start the DataHub in the default domain called default Another example is sh datahub d test This second example starts the DataHub in an application domain called test Once started you can check that the DataHub is running by using the nsnames command For example sh nsnames Name Domain Queue NID PID dh test test dh test 0 15367 The DataHub derives its name and queue name from the domain s that it is operating in If no domain is specified the DataHub takes the name dh default Please refer to Section 2 4 3 Domains and Names for more information on this The NID and PID will vary depending on circumstances 2 2 Testing the installation 1 Ina shell type the command sh writept testl 25 This will create the point cest 1 in the DataHub and assign it the value 25 writept does not return any value amp You will need to use this syntax sh writept test testl 25 if you started the DataHub with the co
71. put Print the version number Exit immediately usually used with V Returns On success nothing on error a message Description The phdhview utility presents a Photon window containing a list view of the points within the Cascade DataHub for a specified domain The phdhview display is updated as points within the DataHub change Dependencies qserve nserve datahub See Also QNX Photon Mode in Using the Cascade DataHub Viewer dhview xdhview Example sh phdhview Views the DataHub for the domain default sh phdhview d control Views the DataHub for the domain control 45 readpt readpt reads a point from the Cascade DataHub Synopsis readpt bh d domain pointname Arguments pointname The name of the point to retrieve information for Multiple points can be specified b Brief output Print only the point name and value d domain The domain name of the desired datahub This replaces the default which is default h Print a help message and exit Returns On success information on the requested points on error a message Description The readpt utility will retrieve the value of a point from any available Cascade DataHub If a point cannot be found a new point will be created in the DataHub it was queried from The domain can be specified with d or by qualifying the pointname as in domain pointname the latter technique overriding the former e The source cod
72. r of milliseconds specified here to verify that the connection is up Setting this value to 0 stops the heartbeat from being transmitted Timeout specifies the timeout period for the heartbeat If the slave DataHub doesn t receive a response from the master within this timeout it drops the connection You must set the timeout time to at least twice the heartbeat time Setting this value to 0 will cause the DataHub to rely on the TCP implementation for detecting a broken connetion This can be useful when your network connection is very slow Please refer to for details e Retry specifies a number of milliseconds to wait before attempting to reconnect a broken connection 2 6 Viewing Data You can see what s happening in the Cascade DataHub using the Cascade DataHub Viewer utility It can operate in any of three modes console QNX Photon and X Windows 2 6 1 Console Mode mbertt amp bob DEED 7H UE 12234429 eg xjB a 5 2 4 FOOD H D PAN E Enter Arrows Poll i 5 b T B d Figure 2 1 The Cascade DataHub Viewer in Console Mode Starting Type dhview at the shell prompt to start the viewer 16 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Navigation Move the selection bar by pressing the up and down arrows Scroll up and down a line at a time by pressing the U and D keys or a page at a time by pressing the P and N keys or PgUp and PgDn Making Changes You can change data point values in the
73. r on this port or service The port is the matching port number of the master usually 4600 address Acting as a TCP slave attach to a TCP master on this host The address is a machine name such as developers cogentrts com ora machine address such as 192 168 3 15 domain Acting as a TCP slave mirror this domain from the TCP master The named domain on the master will be mirrored to a domain of the same name in the slave port Act as a TCP master and listen on this port service 42 datahub q queue Specify an alternate queue name for this DataHub Normally datahub chooses its own queue name to be unique on the network Synchronized The DataHub will ignore changes to a point if the point s current timestamp is more recent Automatically generate a timestamp on unstamped points The DataHub should NOT create a directory within the user s personal Application Data directory to store the configuration and license files but rather in the application installation directory This has a lower precedence than H Generate copious debugging information to the standard output Implies use of D Print the version number Exit immediately usually used with V Returns On success nothing on error a message Description The datahub command starts the DataHub The DataHub does not use a configuration file since it is configured by its clients while running Except where noted the command line options apply to Ca
74. re and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION Section 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program 27 Appendix A GNU General Public License below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbat
75. ring Float or Integer Press the Apply button to enter the changes Lock or unlock a point by clicking the Toggle Lock or Locked button Press the Apply button to enter the changes Write a new point by pressing the Clear button and entering the point name confidence usually 100 and value Press the Apply button to enter the changes Retransmit all points from the DataHub to the viewer by pressing the Reload button This is useful to see those points that were created but haven t been assigned a value such as through a call to the Gamma function read point orregister point Quitting Press the square X close button in the window title bar to quit the Cascade DataHub Viewer 2 7 Features 2 7 1 Exceptions and Echoes The Cascade DataHub allows programs to register for exceptions on point value changes When a point changes value in the DataHub all clients that have registered an interest in that point are notified The Cascade DataHub not only allows its clients to register and receive exceptions on data points but it also provides a special message type called an echo that is extremely important in multi node or multi task applications 19 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub exceptions Figure 2 4 Exceptions and Echoes When the Cascade DataHub receives a new data point it immediately informs its registered clients of the new data value The clients will receive an asynchronous exception message In some circumstan
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77. rogram is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License Section 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation Section 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be gui
78. scade DataHub in Windows Linux or QNX as well as Cascade Connect Dependencies qserve nserve See Also Using the Cascade DataHub dhview phdhview xdhview Example sh datahub Starts the DataHub in the domain default sh datahub d control Starts the DataHub in the domain cont rol 43 dhview dhview a console based viewer for the Cascade DataHub Synopsis dhview hvVX 7d domain Arguments d domain Specify the domain of the DataHub to view defaults to adefault Print a help message and exit Generate debugging output Print the version number Exit immediately usually used with V Description The dhview utility presents a text based window containing a list view of the points within the Cascade DataHub for a specified domain The dhview display is updated as points within the DataHub change Returns On success nothing on error a message Dependencies qserve nserve datahub See Also Console Mode in Using the Cascade DataHub Viewer phdhview xdhview Example sh dhview Displays the DataHub from the domain default sh dhview d control Displays the DataHub from the domain cont rol 44 phdhview phdhview a Photon based viewer for the Cascade DataHub Synopsis phdhview hvVX d domain Arguments d domain Specify the domain of the DataHub to view defaults to gt default Print a help message and exit Generate debugging out
79. se options depends on the data flow direction selected above 3 When the connection is lost determines where to display the data quality as Not Connected on the master on the slave or neither amp If you have configured When the connection is initiated as Synchronize based on time stamp see above then this option must be set to Do not modify the data quality here or on the Master to get correct data synchronization 4 Connection Properties gives you these options 15 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Replace incoming timestamp lets you use local time on timestamps This is useful if the source of the data either does not generate time stamps or you do not trust the clock on the data source Transmit point changes in binary gives users of x86 CPUs a way to speed up the data transfer rate Selecting this option can improve maximum throughput by up to 50 depending on the type of data being transmitted This option uses a more efficient message encoding scheme than the default ASCII encoding but it will only work if both sides of the tunnel are running on an x86 architecture CPU This would be typical of Windows communicating with Linux or QNX or with another Windows computer Numeric data benefits most from this option Target is a Cogent Embedded Toolkit server allows this slave to connect to an Embedded Toolkit server rather than to another DataHub Heartbeat sends a heartbeat message to the master every numbe
80. sters for exceptions on a point by point basis Each time one of the registered points changes value in the DataHub a message is sent to the client 2 A client can register for exceptions for all points currently in the DataHub Any change to the value of a data point that is placed in the DataHub after this registration will not be sent to the client 25 Chapter 3 Data Transmission 3 A client can register for exceptions for any point that ever appears in the DataHub All data change events in the DataHub will be broadcast to the client even if the point is created in the DataHub subsequent to the client s registration When a DataHub client tries to register for exceptions for points that do not exist in the DataHub the point is created in the DataHub and any further value changes are reported The number of points in the DataHub is only limited by system resources The DataHub has been tested with over 65 000 points and simply grows in size to meet the need of the application 26 Appendix A GNU General Public License GNU General Public License Version 2 June 1991 Copyright 1989 1991 by Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed ry p P p ging Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By con
81. synchronous systems By introducing the echo capability into the Cascade DataHub the cycle is broken immediately because it recognizes that it should not re emit a data change that it originated The echo facility is necessary for another reason It is not sufficient to simply not emit the echo to the originating task If two tasks read and write a single data point to the DataHub then the DataHub and both tasks must still agree on the most recent value When both tasks attempt to write the point one gets an exception and updates its current value to agree with the DataHub and the sender If both tasks simultaneously emit different values then the task whose message is processed first will get an exception from the first and the first will get an exception from the second In effect the two tasks will swap values and only one will agree with the DataHub The echo message solves this dilemma by allowing the task whose message was processed second to receive its own echo causing it to realize that it had overwritten the exception from the other task 2 7 2 Asynchronous Messages Whenever multiple tasks are communicating there is a chance for a deadlock situation The Cascade DataHub is at the centre of many mission critical applications because it provides real time data to its clients without the threat of being blocked on the receiving task The Cascade DataHub never blocks on a task that is busy It is always able to receive data from clients be
82. taHub in future are also registered Whenever a value change occurs on any registered point waiter will generate a message to the console with information for that point If a point name is passed using the domain pointname syntax then alternate domains can be registered without having to use the d option Points from multiple domains can be watched simultaneously using this notation For example this sh waiter mixer Mixer 1 Weight is the same as this sh waiter d mixer Mixer 1 Weight o The source code for this utility is normally installed in the usr cogent src datahub directory Dependencies qserve nserve datahub 48 waiter See Also Using the Cascade DataHub datahub readpt writept Example sh waiter LICO2 sp LICO2 pv Registers for exceptions on the points LIC02_sp and LICO2 pv in the default DataHub sh waiter d control Registers for exceptions for all points in the DataHub cont rol If you have only two points p3 and p4 in the database with values of 15 and 19 respectively and you start waiter with no options you will get output like this sh waiter Point p3 Value 15 Conf 100 Lock no Time Fri Sep 14 2001 14 56 43 888 Security 0 Point p4 Value 19 Conf 100 Lock no Time Fri Sep 14 2001 14 56 25 529 Security 0 Should the value of p4 change to 25 you would see the following on your console Point p4 Value 25 Conf 100 Lock no Time Fri Sep 14 2001 14 57
83. test validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License Section 12 If the distribution and or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License Section 13 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns 38 Appendix B GNU Lesser General Public License Each version is given a distinguishing version number If t
84. tnnt tente cnt tree enis 7 2 3 2 Dynamic Run Ime CopnbDguati n eeeeeeeetere tenete tette ie ea eea ae p Workme with Daa M 8 CU MN c NT 8 22 Rocistenng tor PXCE PUNE M It pe ck MB nti Noua E AE E 9 2 4 4 Assemblies Subassemblies Attributes and Properties esses 10 2213 PuRbULeS and Types ee eerte tete itte ptr mex rer Pet neis 11 2 5 Mirroring Data to Windows or other nodes in Linux or QNX seseeeeeee 11 2 5 1 Exchanging data between Windows and Linux QNX sese 11 2 5 2 Exchanging data between Linux QNX and Linux QNX esee 12 2 0 0 Mirroring Master Setup Linux ot QNX eerte titt hene aae 12 2 5 4 Mirronng Slave Setup Linux or QINX ieiese uester teer Eng rre cot og P 2 5 5 Mirroring Tunnel Master Setup Windows esee I3 2 5 6 Mirroring Tunnel Slave Setup Windows eese I3 FAO I n gb C E E 16 ESO Erro duo C 16 2 52 QNX Photon MOUe ue ete rece eee ere tdeo certe eio CR E rb veh 17 EXE A ii c E 18 Pae ORME M I9 21 1 Exceptions and Echoes coccion tpe e qug ciet Pape ba ree Urb eurer dong Rr pe Uns 19 2 7 2 Asynchronous Messages eicere bet here EES B e E EERE These ire bees 20 aTa Network Access dn CINK 9L ene cereos coe robe tet eerte Seis 21 VAT
85. to send configuration information to the Cascade DataHub These are explained in the Communicating with the Cascade DataHub section of the Cogent C API manual Using the Gamma send and send_async functions Cogent s Gamma programming language uses these two functions to send commands to the Cascade DataHub and other Cogent products Please refer to send and send_async in the Gamma manual reference for more details 2 4 Working with Data 2 4 1 Data Points Each value stored in the Cascade DataHub is called a point A point has the following attributes Name a character string Currently the only limit on length is internal buffer size about 1000 bytes by default Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub Value an integer floating point number or character string Time the date and time of the last significant change to the point s value confidence quality or other status information Quality the quality of the connection assigned by the DataHub for this point such as Good Bad Last known Local override etc The possible values are those supported by OPC in Microsoft Windows Confidence a value from 0 to 100 that indicates as a percentage the probability that the value shown for the point is actually its true value This feature can be accessed and changed only by using the API The DataHub never uses confidence itself but carries it for use by client applications The Cascade DataHub does not require you to c
86. tory development and proof of concept prototyping even if the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is not incorporated into an application or product to be sold iv the use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to enable the use of another application that was developed with the SOFTWARE PRODUCT v inclusion of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT in a collection of software whether that collection is sold given away or made part of a larger collection vi inclusion of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT in another product whether or not that other product is sold given away or made part of a larger product 2 COMMERCIAL USE COMMERCIAL USE is any use that is not specifically defined in this license as EVALUATION USE 3 GRANT OF LICENSE This EULA covers both COMMERCIAL and EVALUATION USE of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT Either clause A or B of this section will apply to you depending on your actual use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT If you have not purchased a license of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT from Cogent or one of Cogent s authorized resellers then you may not use the product for COMMERCIAL USE A GRANT OF LICENSE EVALUATION USE This EULA grants you the following non exclusive rights when used for EVALUATION purposes Software You may use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on any number of computers either stand alone or on a network so long as every use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is for EVALUATION USE You may reproduce the SOFTWARE PRODUCT but only as reasonably required to install and use it in accordan
87. trast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the softwa
88. ue the message can be re transmitted This method actually means that the sender is implementing its own internal queue duplicating the work of the queue facility and so is subject to all of the same concerns regarding full buffers and data reduction In general this approach by itself is entirely useless and is exactly equivalent to enlarging the size of the queue administrator s buffers When used in combination with one of the other methods mentioned here this approach could be very effective 5 Try to send the data again later throwing away old duplicate data from the retry queue only This is the method used by the Cascade DataHub to deal with undeliverable data So long as the receiver is capable of keeping up with the data transmission rate all point changes are deliverable If the receiver allows its queue to fill then the Cascade DataHub will flag the point as pending delivery to the recipient and will attempt to deliver the most recent value for that point as soon as there is room in the queue If another change to a pending point is received by the DataHub then the previous value is overwritten so that when room in the queue becomes available the new value is transmitted In addition the Cascade DataHub packages many point changes into a single message whenever there are several pending points to a task thereby increasing the bandwidth of the queue administrator during periods of high load In this way the Cascade DataHub will tr
89. uration file at startup or dynamically during runtime The commands used for configuration are documented in the reference in the Cogent DataHub manual The most commonly used commands are tells the Cascade DataHub that the client is running identifies the client domain name enables or disables DDE client capabilities enables or disables DDE server capabilities enables or disables mirror master capabilities enables or disables mirror slave capabilities enables or disables TCP server capabilities establishes a heartbeat message ignore a given point registers the Cascade DataHub on a given domain requests the value of a point gets current data when client connection is made suspends data flow 2 3 1 Using a Configuration File at Startup The Cascade DataHub can read a configuration file at startup using the f option The commands in the configuration file are written using Lisp syntax This consists of the name of the command followed by a space separated list of arguments all enclosed in parentheses like this command arg arg arg The commands are commonly written one per line Comments are denoted by a semicolon at the beginning of each comment line For example This line is a comment tcp service 4601 enable tcp server 1 enable mirror master 1 Chapter 2 Using the Cascade DataHub 2 3 2 Dynamic Run Time Configuration There are several ways that the Cascade DataHub can be configure
90. use in the SOFTWARE PRODUCT viii circumvent disable or otherwise render ineffective any license verification mechanisms used by the SOFTWARE PRODUCT ix use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT in any application that is intended to create or could in the event of malfunction or failure cause personal injury or property damage or x make use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT for commercial gain whether directly indirectly or incidentally B GRANT OF LICENSE COMMERCIAL USE This EULA grants you the following non exclusive rights when used for COMMERCIAL purposes Software You may use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on one computer or if the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is a multi processor version on one node of a network either i as a development systems for the purpose of creating value added software applications in accordance with related Cogent documentation or ii as a single run time copy for use as an integral part of such an application This includes reproduction and configuration of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT but only as reasonably required to install and use it in association with your licensed processor or to follow your normal back up practices Storage Network Use You may also store or install a copy of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on one computer to allow your other computers to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT over an internal network and distribute the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to your other computers over an internal network However you must acquire and dedicate a license for the SO
91. using types and attributes as described here a private attribute A private attribute provides a one command means of creating an attribute on an assembly without having to define a type However this means that the attribute properties cannot be shared across more than one attribute in the assembly or in other assemblies This is normally only used internally with machine generated hierarchies In most cases it is better to use types and attributes 2 5 Mirroring Data to Windows or other nodes in Linux or QNX The Cascade DataHub can mirror data with one or more other DataHubs in running in Windows as well as Linux or QNX across a LAN WAN or the Internet using TCP Mirroring means that the data and any updates to that data on one DataHub are exactly mirrored across the network onto another DataHub and vice versa The only difference between the master DataHub and slave DataHub is that the slave initiates the connection and a connection license is consumed on the master Once the connection is established they function exactly the same Each participating DataHub must be configured as mirroring master server or mirroring slave client or in some cases both If your system requires it a single DataHub can act as a master to one DataHub and as a slave to another D Each master slave pair must have matching port numbers and domain names Specifying port numbers and domain names is explained below 2 5 1 Exchanging data between Windows
92. utput a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode Gnomovision version 69 Copyright C year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY for details type show w This is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions type show c for details The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License Of course the commands you use may be called something other than show w and show c they could even be mouse clicks or menu items whatever suits your program You should also get your employer if you work as a programmer or your school if any to sign a copyright disclaimer for the program if necessary Here is a sample alter the names Yoyodyne Inc hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program Gnomovision which makes passes at compilers written by James Hacker signature of Ty Coon 1 April 1989 Ty Coon President of Vice 3l Appendix A GNU General Public License This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs If your program is a subroutine library you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library If this is what you want to do use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License 32 Appendix B GNU Lesser General Public License GNU Lesser General Public
93. y be a special need to encourage the widest possible use of a certain library so that it becomes a de facto standard To achieve this non free programs must be allowed to use the library A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely used non free libraries In this case there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software only so we use the Lesser General Public License In other cases permission to use a particular library in non free programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software For example permission to use the GNU C Library in non free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system as well as its variant the GNU Linux operating system Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users freedom it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modified version of the Library The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow Pay close attention to the difference between a work based on the library and a work that uses the library The former contains code derived from the library whereas the latter must be combined with the library in order to run TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION Section 0 This License Agreement applies to any software libr

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