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RAMP Wireless Module RM024

1. Location Value Parameter Range Location Dependant of parameter Value 0x00 OxFF Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 43 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Write Destination Address The OEM host issues this command to the transceiver to change the destination address Command OxCC 0x10 lt MAC1 gt MAC2 lt MAC3 gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response O0xCC lt MAC1 gt MAC2i lt MAC3 gt Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address MAC3 is the LSB Destination Address The OEM host issues this command to the transceiver to read the destination address Command OxCC 0x11 Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response OxCC lt MAC1 gt MAC2 lt MAC3 gt Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address MAC3 is the LSB Auto Destination Auto Channel The host issues this command to change the Auto Destination setting When issuing this command the Auto Destination setting is only changed if the corresponding enable bit is set Otherwise the command performs a read of Auto Destination If both Broadcast mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio sends the RF packets in Broadcast mode Command OxCC 0x15 Data Number of Bytes Returned
2. Table 11 Config and Diagnostic Commands UTILITY COMMANDS Enter AT Command Mode lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt 0Ox2B 0Ox2B 0x2B lt 0x0D gt OxCC 0x43 Ox4F Ox4D Exit AT Command Mode OxCC 0x41 0x54 Ox4F lt 0x0D gt OxCC 0x44 0x41 lt 0x54 gt Enter Sleep OxCC 0x86 Mode Res None Timer H Timer L Soft Reset OxCC lt OxFF gt None Restore Factory Settings and lt OxCC gt OxFF OxDF None Soft Reset STATUS COMMANDS Status Request OxCC 0x00 0x00 OxCC Firmware Version Status Check Status Registry OxCC 0x00 0x01 0OxCC lt Response 32bits gt Bin Analyzer OxCC lt 0x8F gt Data Optional NumRuns OxCC Data Read Temperature OxCC lt 0xA4 gt OxCC Temperature ON THE FLY COMMANDS Change Channel OxCC 0x02 Channel OxCC Channel Change Server Client Set Broadcast Mode Read IRAM Write IRAM Write Destination Address OxCC 0x03 Data OxCC 0x08 Data OxCC 0x0A Location OxCC lt 0x0B gt Location Value OxCC 0x10 Dest Address last thee bytes OxCC Firmware Version Status OxCC Data OxCC Value OxCC Location Value OxCC Dest Address Read Destination Address
3. Used by Remote I O mode to increase the odds of delivery of a Remote VO line update Sets the number of retries or attempts used to transmit a Remote I O line status change RF Profile 0x54 1 See Description RF Profile RF Data Number Details Rate of Hops 0x00 500 43 Valid for international use Can Kbps be selected on any RM024 product 0x01 280 79 For FCC Markets only This is the Kbps default settings for the RM024 x125 x models 0x03 280 43 This is the default setting for Kbps RM024 x50 x models Superseded RF Data Rate addresses 0x51 0x53 in FW v1 3 and beyond Control 1 0x56 1 0x01 OxFF 0x61 Settings are bit 7 Auto Destination on Beacons only only functional when Auto Destination is also enabled 0 Disable Radio sets destination based on any received packet 1 Enable Radio sets destination based only on the beacon from the server bit 6 Disable Hop Frame 0 Disable Turns on Hop Frame Pin Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless 27 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 1 Enable Turns off Hop Frame Pin bit 5 Reserved bit 4 Auto Destination 0 Use Destination Address 1 2 Use Auto Destination bit 3 Client Auto Channel 0 Disable Auto Channel 1 Enable Auto Channel bit 2 RTS 0 Disable RTS handshaking 1 Enable RTS handshaking bi
4. OxCC 0x11 OxCC Dest Address Auto Destination Channel OxCC 0x15 Data OxCC Data Read API Control OxCC 0x16 OxCC API Control Write API Control Read Digital Input Read ADC Get Last RSSI Write Digital Outputs Write PWM Set Power Control OxCC 0x17 API Control OxCC 0x20 OxCC 0x21 Data OxCC 0x22 OxCC 0x23 Data OxCC 0x24 Data OxCC 0x25 Power OxCC API Control OxCC Data OxCC ADC Hi ADC Lo OxCC RSSI OxCC Data OxCC Data OxCC Power Antenna Switch Command OxCC 0x26 Port Select OxCC 0x26 Port Select EEPROM COMMANDS EEPROM Byte Read EEPROM Byte Write OxCC 0xCO0 Start Length OxCC lt 0xC1 gt Start Length Data 0xCC Start Length Data n o Start Length Last Byte Written Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless ES CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Command Name Command all bytes in hex Return all bytes in he9 Write Flash lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Start_H gt lt Start_L gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Result gt lt Length_H gt lt Length_L gt lt Data gt lt Start_H gt lt Start_L gt Decryp
5. Top View Blackchip Antenna 26 67 PP FIPS 22 86 e ES OO CO 2338 UT go Sm T o On 5 c9 3 0 O cd wai s Oo 6 6 48 PCB Pad Pattern Me EEN top view K 2 00 typ SS Sag CH e 10 00 CN e 9 003 Ki Y 22 00 26 67 y kl hl L 726 000000006 0 082 pad 0 033 hole 192 gt sh 20 places Figure 8 Form Factor Pluggable RM024 RM024 PXXX M 01 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 22 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 The Pluggable RM024 uses a single row header with 2 mil spacing The Mill Max 831 43 010 10 001000 is used on the RM024 development kit as a mating connector D RE MOISTURE SENSITIVE DEVICES 4 Shelf life in sealed bag 24 months at lt 40 C and lt 90 relative humidity 2 Peak package body temperature 245 C 3 After this bag is opened devices that will be subjected to reflow solder or another high tem perature proces must be a Mounted within 168 hours at t factory conditions of lt 30 C 60 RH or b Stored at lt 10 RH 4 Devices require bake before mounting if a Humidity indicator card is id when read at 23 5 C or b Baor3b is not met 5 If baking is required devices may be baked for 48 hrs at 125 5 C Note If device containers can not
6. Upon receiving this command a transceiver responds with the desired data from the EEPROM addresses requested by the OEM host Command OxCC 0xCO Start Length Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response 0OxCC Start Length Data Parameter Range Start EEPROM address to begin reading at Length Length of data to be read Data Requested data EEPROM Byte Write Upon receiving this command a transceiver writes the data byte to the specified address but does not echo it back to the OEM host until the EEPROM write cycle is complete Command 0OxCC lt 0xC 1 gt Start Length Data Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response Start Length Last byte Parameter Range Start EEPROM address to begin writing at Length Length of data to be written Data Data to be written Last byte Value of last byte written Vendor ID This command is used to set the Vendor ID in the radios The Vendor ID is a one time writable parameter which is not able to be read back for security purposes Radios with the Vendor ID set only communicate to other radios that have Vendor ID set to the same value Once the Vendor ID is set it cannot be changed Setting this value incorrectly results in a radio which is not able to communicate with other radios on the network Setting the Vendor ID is not necessary for the radios to operate and care should be take
7. 2 Response OxCC Auto Dest gt Parameter Range Auto Dest bit 7 Ignored bit 6 Ignored bit 5 Enable Modification of Auto Channel bit 4 Enable Modification of Auto Destination bit 3 Ignored bit 2 Ignored bit 1 Auto Channel bit 0 Auto Destination Read API Control The OEM host issues this command to read the API Control byte Command 0xCC 0x16 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC API Control Parameter Range Auto Dest bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API bit 0 Receive API Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 44 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Write API Control The OEM host issues this command to write the API Control byte to enable or disable the API features Command 0OxCC lt 0x17 gt API Control Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC API Control Parameter Range Auto Dest bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API bit O Receive API Read Digital Inputs The OEM host issues this command to read the state of both digital output lines Command OxCC 0x20 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Digital In Parameter Range Digital In bit 1 GIO 8 bit 0 GIO 4 Read ADC The OEM host issues this command to read the analog to
8. The Vendor ID is a protected EEPROM parameter and its value cannot be read It can only be written once OEMs should be aware that improperly setting the Vendor ID can cause communication issues Setting the Vendor ID to an unknown setting effectively renders the radio unable to communicate in a network Note The Vendor ID is a one time write parameter it cannot be read 9600 Boot Option EEPROM 0x57 bit 0 When enabled 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin is used for warm and cold boots as well as brown out conditions Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 29 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 EEPROM PARAMETERS The RM024 utilizes a server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a server and all other radios configured as clients When a radio is configured as a server it transmits a beacon at the beginning of each hop Radios configured as clients default to a receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon
9. 0 0x44 0x45 0x00 0xFF Bit Adjustable 0x02 0x88 Baud_E is used for setting custom baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Sleep Indicator GIO_1 0 Disable Sleep Indicator 1 Enable Sleep Indicator bit 5 Reserved Do not modify bit 4 Auto System ID 0 Disable Auto System ID 1 Enable Auto System ID bit 3 Command Data Receive Disable 0 Disable CMD Data RX Disable 1 Enable CMD Data RX Disable radio Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 26 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 accumulates received RF packets until the CMD Data pin goes high at which time it forwards all stored packets to its host bit 2 Legacy RSSI 0 Disable Legacy RSSI 1 Enable Legacy RSSI bit 1 Sniff Report 0 Discard sniffed packets 1 Report sniffed packets bit 0 Sniff Permit 0 Disable Sniff Permit 1 Enable Sniff Permit Transmit 0x4C 1 0x01 0xFF Retries 0x03 Maximum number of times a packet is retransmitted when Addressed packets are being sent Note A setting of 0x00 will select 256 retries Broadcast 0x4D 1 0x01 0xFF Attempts 0x03 Number of times each packet is transmitted when Broadcast packets are being sent Note A setting of 0x00 selects 256 attempts Utility Retries Ox4E 1 0x00 0xFF 0x03
10. 1 8 Tx when selected 40 mA 40 mA 10096 Rx 36 mA 36 mA Rx average idle current 9 5 mA 11 6 mA Deep sleep 50 pA 50 pA Receiver Sensitivity 196 PER 95 dBm at 280 kbps RF Data Rate 94 dBm at 500 kbps RF Data Rate Range based on external 2 0 dBi antenna at 280 kbps RF Data Rate Temperature Operational Indoor estimated 1300 ft 400 m 790 ft 240 m Outdoor line of sight FCC 2 5 miles 4 km CE 1 5 miles 2 4 km 40 C to 85 C Temperature Storage SMD Multi Antenna Dimensions 50 C to 150 C 1 0 x 1 54 x 0 14 25 4 mm x 39 mm x 3 6 mm SMD U FL Dimensions 1 0 x 1 28 x 0 14 25 4 mm x 32 4 mm x 3 6 mm Pluggable Multi Antenna Dimensions 1 05 x 1 56 x 0 44 26 7 mm x 39 6 mm x 11 3 mm Pluggable U FL Dimensions 1 05 x 1 29 x 0 42 26 7 mm x 33 mm x 10 6 mm Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless 5 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 FCC Part 15 247 KQL RMO24 Industry Canada IC 2268C RMO24 CE Yes RM024 x50 x versions RoHS Yes Japan TELEC Yes Brazil Anatel None 1 Maximum Output power stated step measurements for power could vary by 2 0 dBm 2 Sleep currents are estimated 3 Range distances are estimated measurements were taken at 4 1 miles with 5 dBi antenna for FCC module See Regulatory Information in
11. Command OxCC 0xC5 Response OxCC 0xC5 0x00 5 Reset the radio to begin using the new FW image Command OxCC OxFF 6 Repeat steps 2 5 for each binary file Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 EN CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 API OPERATION API Operation is a powerful alternative to the default transparent operation of the RMO24 and provides dynamic packet accounting abilities to the OEM host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM host API operation utilizes specific packet formats The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s specific needs and can be different between radios operating on the same network API Send Data Complete API Send Data Complete can be used as a software acknowledgement indicator When a radio sends an addressed packet it looks for a received acknowledgement transparent to the OEM host If an acknowledgement is not received the packet is retransmitted until one is received or all retries have been exhausted For applications where data loss is not an option the OEM host may wish to monitor the acknowledgement process using the API Send Data Complete If an acknowledgement is not received failure the OEM host can resend the packet to the transceiver Because the Send Data Complete is reliant upon a successful RF acknowledgement from the receiving radio a false positive i
12. an UEL connector and no integrated antenna are the same dimensions as below with the stub for the antenna connector removed For the surface mount units this means the module is 32 38 mm long For the pluggable units the module is 33 02 mm long Note on Mechanical Drawings All dimensions are in millimeters PC board material is 0 79 mm thick FRA Provide clearance of at least 1 5 mm around the module to be free of other components and features Module should not exceed 260 C during reflow soldering Keep erae under the module f aces and Copper on the outer laye RF Shield UEL Conrecior Be Blac chip Arcenna PCB Ped Pattern Top Vj 988088888 1 0 11 43 L 2362 27 18 2540 44 45 F Lii p BBB SBBHUB s m Side View e CO CO to P oe Ca HD ey El Top View U FL Connector 25 40 19 56 8 H Figure 7 Form Factor SMT RM024 RM0240SXXX M 01 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 54 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Side View U FL Connector i K Blackchip RF Shield EN Ki Antenna b XO 747 Y d EDAM 8 08 i UU 282 pe TAM di 3 P 7 52 ra 25 58 rf 39 652 U FL Connector
13. be monitored by the host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is high DE RE When enabled RS485 Data Enable uses the DE RE pin to control the DE pin on external RS 485 circuitry When the transceiver has data to send to the host it asserts DE RE High sends the data to the host and then takes DE RE low PWM Output PWM output can be configured to output on any of three pins SMT Pins 5 6 or 7 The PWM Output can optionally produce a pulse width modulation for RSSI with a period of 39 3846 US Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 11 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 THEORY OF OPERATION Server Client Architecture The RMO24 utilizes server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a server and all other radios configured as clients When a radio is configured as a server it transmits a beacon containing timing and identification information at the beginning of each hop The beacon is never visible to the OEM host Upon boot radios configured as clients enter receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a server in their network When a client detects the server s beacon the client synchronizes its frequency hopping to that of the server and transition the In Range pin Low When the server and the
14. be subjected to high temperature or shorter bake times are desired reference IPC JEDEC J STD 033 for bake procedure b ag Sea Date Figure 9 Moisture Content Warning Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 56 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 ORDERING INFORMATION Product Part Numbers Table 12 RM024 Part Numbers RMO024 5125 C 01 SMT 125 mW u FL Jack RMO24125C01 RMO024 S125 M 01 SMT 125 mw Chip Antenna RM0O24125MO1 RMO24 P125 C 01 Pluggable 125 mW u FL Jack RM024125C01 RMO24 P125 M 01 Pluggable 125 mW Chip Antenna RM024125MO1 RMO024 550 C 01 SMT 50 mW CE u FL Jack RMO02450C01 RMO024 S50 M 01 SMT 50 mW CE Chip Antenna RM02450MO1 RMO24 P50 C 01 Pluggable 50 mW CE u FL Jack RMO02450C01 RMO24 P50 M 01 Pluggable 50 mW CE Chip Ant RM02450M01 Table 13 RM024 Development Kits Part Numbers Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 FCC IC DVK RM024 S125 C Eval Board containing the RM024 125 C 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 FCC IC DVK RM024 S125 M Eval Board containing the RM024 S125 M 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 CE FCCAC DVK RM024 S50 C Eval Board containing the RM024 S50 C 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 CE FCCAC DVK RM024 5S 50 M Eval Board containing the RM024 S50 M 01 r
15. client are synchronized they can begin transferring data Each network consists of only one server Multiple networks can exist in the same area provided the networks are configured on different channels The RM024 utilizes an intelligent Frequency Hopping algorithm which ensures minimal interference between networks The possible interference between collocated networks is given by the following equation Maximum number of interfering bins of collocated servers 1 For example with ten collocated networks there is up to nine bins every hop cycle that are occupied by more than one network at the same time Although two or more networks might occupy the same hop bin at the same time there is truly only interference if two or more radios from alternate networks are trying to transmit on the same bin at the same time in the same coverage area Adjustable RF Data Rate The RMO24 s RF data rate can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range Table 6 RM024 RF Data Rate All RM024 0x00 500 kbps 43 94 dBm 250 kbps 125 mW versions 0x01 280 kbps 79 95 dBm 120 kbps RMO24 X125 only All RM024 0x03 280 kbps 43 95 dBm 120 kbps 1 Throughput is ideal one direction with no retransmissions All practical RF applications should allow for retransmission of data due to interference or less than ideal RF conditions Deciding which RF data rate to choose depends on the individual application The fast RF data rate deli
16. conditions 9600 Boot Option is enabled by default Force 9600 is also used to wake the radio from sleep When the pin is taken low the radio wakes The transceiver does not sleep if the pin is low when the sleep command is issued Note Because this pin disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled low during normal operation up RESET pP Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the RM024 microprocessor and is used to force a hard reset For a valid reset reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns Command Data When logic High the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other transceivers When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data When logic Low data packets from the radio are not transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios are still received Enabling CMD Data RX Disable in the EEPROM causes incoming RF packets to be queued by the receiving radio while CMD Data is low When CMD Data goes high the data is sent over the serial interface In Range The In Range pin is driven low when a client radio s frequency hopping is synchronized with that of a server In Range is always driven low on a server Following boot In Range transitions low in approximately 12 ms on a server For a client the In Range takes an average of 500 ms this time is dependent on the signal streng
17. devices Portable Portable is a classification of equipment where the user in general is within 20 cm of the transmitting antenna Portable equipment is further broken down into two classes within 2 5 cm of human contact and beyond 2 5 cm The RMO24 does not hold a portable approval classification due to its peak output power and modular approval restrictions Further RF evaluation is required by customers who want to use the RMO24 in portable applications Contact a qualified test house or a Laird Technologies representative for further information on this topic Reference FCC Part 2 1093 for further details on portable devices Maximum Permissible Exposure report has been created which shows the minimum distances for Public and Occupational use of the RM024 Note Occupational Limit Minimum Distance 4cm Public Limit Minimum Distance 9cm A full MPE report is available upon request OEM Responsibilities WARNING The OEM must ensure that FCC labelling requirements are met This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate Laird Technology FCC identifier for this product as well as the FCC notice below Note Contains FCC ID KQL RMO24 IC 2268C RMO24 The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Industry Canada License Exempt RSS Standard s Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and
18. digital converters at up to 12 bit resolution Higher resolutions can cause slower responses from the command The time required for a conversion is Tconv decimation rate 16 0 23 US In most applications this is used to measure the input voltage to detect reduced battery power with Vcc 3 the temperature sensor or the Analog input pin For the most accurate results the 1 25 V internal reference should be chosen though this limits the OEM to a maximum A D Input of 1 25 V Vcc 3 and the temperature sensor readings should use the internal 1 25 V reference as those voltages will never exceed 1 25 V The ADC result is represented in a two s complement form The result is the difference between ground and the selected channel and is a value between 2048 and 2047 with 2047 representing the maximum value where the ADC result equals the reference voltage and 2048 equals the negative of the reference voltage The ADC cannot measure a voltage higher than the reference voltage Command OxCC 0x21 Data Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC Hi ADC Lo ADC Parameter Range Data bits 7 6 Reference Voltage 00 Internal 1 25V reference 10 Voltage on Vcc pin Data bits 5 4 gt Resolution 00 64 decimation rate 7 bits resolution 01 128 decimation rate 9 bits resolution 10 256 decimation rate 10 bits resolution 11 512 decimation rate 12 bits resolution Data bits 3 O gt Channel
19. is simply the MAC IEEE address of the intended receiver on the network In Addressed mode the RF packet is sent out to the intended receiver designated by the destination address Only the four LSBs Least Significant Bytes of the destination address are actually used for packet delivery This field is ignored if Broadcast mode Auto Destination or Transmit API is enabled Disable Status Bin EEPROM 0xC1 bit 4 When set disables the reception on the status slot of the bin The result is that the bin analyzer and remote VO functionality is disabled on the radio with the benefit of saving approximately 1 mA average current consumption Discard Framing Error Packets EEPROM 0x57 bit 7 When set the radio checks for a framing error in the UART buffer before processing incoming data If an error is detected on any of the bytes in the buffer the entire buffer is discarded Full Duplex EEPROM 0x56 bit 1 In Half Duplex mode the transceiver sends a packet out over the RF immediately This can cause packets sent at the same time by a server and a client to collide with each other over the RF To prevent this Full Duplex mode can be enabled This mode reserves a transmit slot for the server If the server does not have any data to transmit clients are permitted to transmit during that time If the server does have data to send clients will not be permitted to transmit during that slot Likewise the server will not be able to transmit dur
20. receivers Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter sends the RF packet to the receivers If a receiver detects a packet error it throws out the packet This continues until the transmitter exhausts all of its attempts Once the receiver successfully receives the packet it sends the packet to the OEM host It throws out any duplicates caused by Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 18 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 further broadcast attempts The received packet is only sent to the OEM host if it is received free of errors Because broadcast packets have no RF acknowledgement each packet is transmitted the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts This makes for inefficient use of the available bandwidth therefore it is recommended that Broadcast Attempts be set as low as possible and that broadcast packets be limited in use Note Setting to 0 is equal to 256 Cyclic Sleep EEPROM 0x61 bit 0 Causes the radio to sleep for a programmable period of time and wake for a programmable period of time The radio can be awakened from sleep before its sleep cycle completes using the Force 9600 pin Additionally the wake time is an inactivity counter Therefore the device stays awake indefinitely as long as the device continues sending packets over the RF interface Destination Address EEPROM 0x79 0x75 The Destination Address
21. sends over the RF contains extra header bytes not counted in the RF packet size Therefore it is much more efficient to send a few large packets than to send many short packets The maximum RF packet size is 239 bytes or OxEF at 500 kbps RF data rate and 96 bytes or 0x60 at 280 kbps RF data rate The RF packet size in address Ox5A will not be used if Auto Config Address 0x56 bit 0 is enabled The default for the RF data rate will be used instead The RF packet size should not be set to less than 0x07 to ensure AT commands can still be issued RF packet size is also used by the radio to determine the number of data slots per hop In order to efficiently transmit data across the RF the radio automatically adds more data slots to the hop to correspond to a smaller RF packet size The number of slots per hop is given in the table below 280 kbps 0x01 0x09 4 slots 280 kbps OxOA 0x25 3 slots 280 kbps 0x26 0x60 2 slots 500 kbps 0x01 OxOC 6 slots 500 kbps OxOD 0x25 5 slots 500 kbps 0x026 0x47 4 slots 500 kbps 0x48 0x7D 3 slots 500 kbps Ox7E OxEF 2 slots Tips The more slots per hop the less likely that retries will occur on a new frequency which may reduce the effectiveness of the module as a Frequency Hopping radio dle current consumption increases as more slots are added You must use the same number of slots for every radio on the network Full duplex only reserves the first
22. upon reception of beacons therefore it only addresses itself to the server Auto Destination on Beacons Only is only functional when Auto Destination is also enabled Auto System ID EEPROM 45 bit 4 When enabled Auto System ID allows a client to attach to any server on the same RF channel regardless of the System ID on the server or the client Beacon Skip EEPROM Ox6F When set the transceiver will send server or listen client for a beacon on hops spaced by the Beacon Skip number On a client once the Beacon Skip count is reached the client will listen every hop until it successfully hears a beacon It will then wait a number of hops specified by the Beacon Refresh before listening again Enabling this will allow the transceiver to conserve power by disabling its RF circuitry during the beacon time Enabling this on the server causes substantially longer sync times on the clients Broadcast EEPROM 0xC1 bit 7 In Broadcast mode the transceiver transmits the packet to all transceivers with the same Channel Number and System ID settings There is no RF acknowledgement sent from the recipient s back to the transmitter therefore the packet is sent out the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts Broadcast Attempts EEPROM 0x4D When transmitting broadcast packets the RF packet is broadcast out to all eligible receivers on the network Broadcast Attempts is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended
23. 0000 AD In GIO 7 1100 GND Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 45 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 1101 Positive Voltage Reference 1110 Temperature Sensor 1111 Vcc 3 Hi ADC gt MSB or requested 12 bit ADC value Lo ADC gt LSB of requested 12 bit ADC value Get Last RSSI This command is used to report signal strength RSSI information from the last RF packet the radio received This command reports the signal strength of any received RF packet including the server beacon data packets and RF packets that are not intended for this radio e g packets with a different Destination MAC Address than this radio Command 0xCC 0x22 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC RSSI Parameter Range RSSI 0x80 Ox7F Write Digital Outputs The OEM host issues this command to write both digital output lines to particular states These states are persistent unless overwritten by another enabled function such as Hop Frame Command OxCC lt 0x23 gt lt Digital Out Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Digital Out Parameter Range Digital Out bit 1 GIO 1 bit 0 GIO 0 Write PWM Output The PWM output is a square wave with a 39 3846 uS period The PWM ratio is the ratio of the high pulse time to the low pulse time A value of 0x00 outputs
24. 1 0 5 1 1 19 5 19 Beacon Skip 0x6F 1 Ox0O0 OxFF 0x00 When set the transceiver sends server or listens client for a beacon on hops spaced by the Beacon Skip number On a client once the Beacon Skip count is reached the client listens to every hop until it successfully hears a beacon It then waits a number of hops specified by the Beacon Skip before listening again Enabling this allows the transceiver to conserve power by disabling its RF circuitry during the beacon time Enabling this on the server causes substantially longer sync times on the clients Destination 0x70 6 MAC Address 0x00 OxFF Specifies destination for RF packets Only the last four LSBs are used for RF communication System ID 0x76 1 0x00 0x01 OxFF Similar to network password Radios must have the same System ID to communicate with each other MAC 0x80 6 Address Part 0x90 16 Numbers Factory set unique MAC Address of radio Only the last four LSBs are used for RF Communication Factory set part number for the unit User OxAO 16 Ox00 OxFF OxFF This memory is reserved host memory and Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless 32 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Memory is never used by the radio The host is free to use this memory as desired and it is only modified when instructed t
25. 1 8 packet times 0x07 1 16 packet times OxOF 1 32 packet times Ox1F 1 64 packet times Ox3F 1 128 packet times Ox7F 1 256 packet times OxFF PWM OxC8 1 O0x00 OxFF OxFF Initialize Remote I O OxC9 1 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Initialize High Initializes PWM Output GIO 3 at boot to this value Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 RXD Initialize 0 RXD is initialized Low at boot 1 RXD is initialized High at boot bit 4 RTS Initialize 0 RTS is initialized Low at boot 1 RTS is initialized High at boot bit 3 CMD Data Initialize 0 CMD Data is initialized Low at boot 1 CMD Data is initialized High at boot bit 2 GIO 7 Initialize 0 GIO 7 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO 7 is initialized High at boot bit 1 GIO 8 Initialize 0 GIO 8 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO 8 is initialized High at boot bit 0 GIO 4 Initialize 0 2 GIO 4 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_4 is initialized High at boot 1 Pin 18 GIO 8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards Remote I O OxCA 1 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Initialize Low Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 TXD Initialize 0 TXD is initialized Low at boot 1 TXD is initialized High at boot bit 4 CTS Initialize 0 2 CTS is initialized Low at boot 1 CTS is initialized High at boot bi
26. 1 Pair for Remote I O Mode bit 0 Enable GIO 4 GIO 0 Pair 0 Disable GIO_4 GIO_0 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable GIO 4 GIO 0 Pair for Remote I O Mode may affect Hop Frame output 1 Pin 18 GIO 8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 30 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Sleep 0x61 1 0x00 0x00 Control OxFF Used to modify sleep settings Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 Reserved Do not modify bit 4 Reserved Do not modify bit 3 Reserved Do not modify bit 2 Reserved Do not modify bit 1 Reserved Do not modify bit 0 Cyclic Sleep 0 Disables Cyclic Sleep 1 Enables Cyclic Sleep Max Power 0x63 1 Ox00 0x00 0x03 Used to increase decrease output power 0x00 21 dBm typical 0x00 17dBm typical 0x01 17 dBm typical 0x01 14 dBm typical 0x02 14 dBm typical 0x02 11 dBm typical 0x03 11 dBm typical 0x03 8 dBm typical Note The transceivers are shipped at maximum allowable power RSSI High 1 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Threshold 0x65 High Sets the High threshold for RSSI If the RSSI is above RSSI Threshold High then OxFF 10096 Duty Cycle is written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM f
27. 2 7 1 2 are acceptable with 9 bit mode enabled Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 14 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Interface Timeout RF Packet Size Interface Timeout Interface timeout specifies a maximum byte gap between consecutive bytes When that byte gap is exceeded the bytes in the transmit buffer are processed as a complete packet Interface timeout EEPROM address 0x58 in conjunction with the RF packet size determines when a buffer of data is sent out over the RF as a complete RF packet based on whichever condition occurs first Interface timeout is adjustable in 200 us increments and should be equal to or greater than two full bytes times The minimum interface timeout is 0x02 The radio uses the default interface timeout for a given baud rate if Auto Config is enabled despite what is written in the interface timeout address To use a non standard interface timeout the OEM needs to disable Auto Config RF Packet Size RF packet size is used in conjunction with interface timeout to determine when to delineate incoming data as an entire packet based on whichever condition is met first When the transceiver receives the number of bytes specified by RF packet size EEPROM address 0x5A without experiencing a byte gap equal to interface timeout that block of data is processed as a complete packet Every packet the transceiver
28. 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Label and text information should be in a size of type large enough to be readily legible consistent with the dimensions of the equipment and the label However the type size for the text is not required to be larger than eight pt CAUTION The OEM should have their device which incorporates the RM024 tested by a qualified test house to verify compliance with FCC Part 15 Subpart B limits for unintentional radiators WARNING This device has been tested with an U FL connector and the antennas listed in the table above When integrated into the OEM s product these fixed antennas require professional installation preventing end users from replacing them with non approved antennas Any antenna not listed in the above table must be evaluated for compliance with FCC Part 15 203 for unique antenna connectors Contact Laird Technology for assistance WARNING This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 20 cm from the human body Operation at distances of less than 20 cm requires additional RF exposure evaluation and possible testing including SAR requirement according to FCC RF Exposure guideline Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 59 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version
29. 2 4 CAUTION Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Laird Technology could void the user s authority to operate the equipment NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does not cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Re orient or relocate the receiving antenna ncrease the separation between the equipment and the receiver Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit that is different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help CAUTION THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES AND INDUSTRY CANADA LICENSE EXEMPT RSS STANDARD S OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS 1 THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE AND 2 THIS DEVICE
30. 800 492 2320 Option 2 20 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Ox4E Any changes to the Digital Inputs that occur while a utility retransmission is occurring are not transmitted unless the change persists until all utility retries have been sent or an acknowledge was received Therefore this feature should only be used for slow moving changes that occur less than the time it takes to expend all retries Remote I O is disabled when the Force 9600 pin is set at boot Remote I O control lines occur in pairs with the Digital Input on the local radio driving a Digital Output on the remote radio and vice versa This makes Remote I O useful for both point to point and point to multipoint networks Multipoint to point networks do not benefit from using a single pair of lines as the central point isn t able to tell where the line change was sourced Multiple control lines are available though so up to four pairs of lines can be used simultaneously Likewise analog inputs can be used Address 0x57 bit 4 as the input with a PWM output on the remote radio though analog states are only transmitted when a utility packet is sent which are only triggered by the change of a Digital Input Threshold settings are not available on analog Inputs Output lines are initialized at boot according to Remote I O Status Address OxC9 OxCA for the digital lines and PWM In
31. Laird gt RAMP Wireless Module RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 global local Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 REVISION HISTORY 1 0 Initial Version 2 1 Added firmware changes updated the name of the Force 9600 Pin removed old references to LT2510 part numbers added new information on cyclic sleep and Antenna Switch Override Added a table under Max Power and a table for the Set Max Power command 2 2 Minor grammatical fixes 2 3 27 June 2013 PWM output data was corrected to a 39 3846 US period vs 315 077 as was stated previously 2 4 12 July 2013 Minor edits removed Firmware History and references irrelevant to RM024 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 2 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 CONTENTS Seu T 3 RAMP Mod le Seoni E E 4 Gum E 4 Key FO ENEE geesde eege eege Eed m A Detailed DEET ee ee Ee 5 Dit EEN 6 dejo eue gedd 7 Output Clhiaracteristies ioc cree oe nen eene rer eR Ek er nee Ga CERE E ER SEE E ERR E YES ENEE EES EE A EE OE EAEn 7 Block Diag NEE 8 Mainea eree e Ta n E E ote ATE ope ei eiit EE E geriet 8 RAHO FAME nirman EN 9 Hardware Interface eiecti Ee Ee re tees P Pe
32. MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION CE Requirements for Modular Approval RM024 Part Numbers approved for CE RMO024 S50 C XX Surface Mount 50mW U FL RMO024 S50 M XX Surface Mount 50mW U FL or chip RMO024 P50 C XX Pluggable 50mW U FL RMO24 P50 M XX Pluggable 50mW U FL or chip Last two slots XX in Part are used for custom setups Can be values 01 99 aa zz Part Numbers listed above are approved for use in CE Markets with antennas having a maximum gain of 2 5 dBi Antennas having a gain greater than the maximum allowed are strictly prohibited for use with this device The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms CE Tested Antenna List WIC2450 A Laird Technologies Chip 2 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 2 WCP2400 Laird Technologies Dipole 2 2150 00006 NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies Dipole 1 Note The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Antennas listed in this table have been test with the RMO24 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 60 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Japan Requirements for Modular Approval RM024 Part Numbers approved for Japan RM024 S50 C 01 Surface Mount 5O0mW U FL WW RMO024 S50 M 01 Surface M
33. Option 2 8 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 PWM Output 39 3846 us Period Restore Default 10 ms 38 ms Restore command also initiates EEPROM a soft reset so monitoring CTS Command is the best indication of a completed command Non Specific AT 1 ms 10 ms Some AT Commands could Command wait indefinitely for a response Write Flash For FW Upgrade Read Flash Decrypt Image RF Hop Frame The RM024 hops every 13 19 ms and can be configured for two different RF data rates to provide options for range or throughput During each hop the RM024 reserves a certain amount of time for overhead such as the synchronization beacon internal messaging and user data transmission The diagrams below outline the various transmissions that occur during a hop These transmissions are transparent to the user sending data but may be useful for applications that require critical timing User data is only transmitted during the data slots and after the Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size criteria has been met Data transmission only begins at the beginning of a data slot When configured for Full Duplex data slot 1 is reserved for the server and data slot 2 is shared by all clients for transmissions bias 8q RF Data Rate 500kbps seg 687 Xen 8g HS SE Ei Sr RF Data Rate 280kbps Log 96 xen Lo eq sag 96 xen ZOE
34. This mode permits the user to select which port is to be used Note that while the software allows this mode to be used on any RM024 product it does not verify that the selected antenna option is present on the hardware platform FW1 3 0 Initial Production Release See Release notes for complete details Corrected Issues TX Broadcast if the radio was in TX Broadcast mode the OxCC 0x10 Write Destination Address on the fly was unable to shift the device out of broadcast and into addressed mode This has been corrected in this version Firmware Corruption v1 0 1 introduced a memory leak that presented the opportunity for the module to get into an unrecoverable and inoperative state This has been corrected in this version RF Performance v1 0 1 was found to have protocol inefficiencies that resulted in a higher number of missed RF acknowledgements and shorter packets to be sent per RF packet This has been improved Vendor ID Vendor ID was found to not be functional in v1 0 1 This has been corrected in this release New Features Antenna Select Override Antenna Select Override can be enabled to cause C products to ignore the Antenna Select setting and automatically select the u FL connector Cyclic Sleep This causes the radio to sleep for a programmable period of time and wake for a programmer period of time Known Issues Antenna Select Override This feature does not work properly in the current release Enabling
35. a continuous low signal A ratio of OxFF outputs a continuous high signal A ratio of 0x80 puts out a repeating pulse of 19 6923 uS high and 19 6923 uS Low Command 0OxCC 0x24 PWM Ratio Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt 0x24 gt Parameter Range PWM Ratio 0x00 OxFF the ratio of the high pulse versus the Low pulse for a single period Set Max Power The OEM host issues this command to adjust the maximum output power Max Power settings are typical and can vary by 2 dBm The maximum output power never exceeds 18 dBm for RMO24 x50 x or 21dBm for RMO24 x125 x Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0x25 gt lt Max Pwr gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Max Pwr gt Parameter Range Max Power Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 46 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 0x00 21 dBm typical 0x00 17dBm typical 0x01 17 dBm typical 0x01 14 dBm typical 0x02 14 dBm typical 0x02 11 dBm typical 0x03 11 dBm typical 0x03 8 dBm typical Antenna Select Command The OEM host issues this command to select the antenna port Command OxCC 0x26 Port Select Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC 0x26 Port Select Parameter Range Port Select 0x00 Integrated Chip Antenna 0x01 U FL Port EEPROM Byte Read
36. acknowledgement is not received the transceiver backs off and retries the packet For example when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver chooses a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they each choose a different number and are successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time When set to transmit broadcast packets where there is no acknowledgment available the Random Backoff value is used for all subsequent attempts Range Refresh EEPROM 0x3D Range refresh specifies the maximum amount of time a transceiver reports In Range without having heard a server s beacon It is adjustable in hop periods Do not set to O Remote UO Mode Address 0x57 bit 3 Remote I O mode allows GPIOs on two radios to be joined together so their states are reflected on the other radio Enabling Remote I O mode allows the local radio to transmit its GPIO states whenever there is a change The states are transmitted to the radio specified by the Destination Address or as a broadcast if Broadcast mode is enabled State information is only transmitted when there is a change on one of the enabled Digital Inputs The states are retransmitted up to the number of specified Utility Retries Address Americas 1
37. adios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 FCCAC DVK RM024 P125 C Eval Board containing the RM024 P 125 C 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 FCCAC DVK RM024 P125 M Eval Board containing the RM024 P 125 M 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 FCC IC CE DVK RM024 P 50 C Eval Board containing the RM024 P 50 C 01 radios Japan Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Board and one RS 232 FCC IC CE DVK RM024 P 50 M Eval Board containing the RM024 P 50 M 01 radios Japan Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 5 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 REGULATORY INFORMATION FCC IC Requirements for Modular Approval Agency Identifications Numbers RM024 KQL RM024 2268C RM024 RM024 Family mun 0 FORMFACTOR TXOUTPUT ANTENNA RM024 S125 C XX Surface Mount 125mW U FL RMO024 S125 M XX Surface Mount 125mW U FL or chip RMO24 P125 C XX Pluggable 125mW U FL RMO24 P125 M XX Pluggable 125mW U FL or chip RMO024 S50 C XX Surface Mount 50mW U FL RMO024 550 M XX Surface Mount 50mW U FL or chip RMO024 P50 C XX Pluggable 5O0mW U FL RMO24 P50 M XX Pluggable 50mW U FL or chip Last two slots XX in Part are used for custom setups Can be values 01 99 aa zz Antenna Information RM024 family has been designed to operate w
38. aeq Figure 2 RF Hop Frame Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 9 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 HARDWARE INTERFACE Pin Descriptions RXD and TXD The RM024 accepts 3 3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin Data is sent from the transceiver at 3 3 V levels to the OEM Host via the TXD pin Pins should be left floating or high when not in use Leaving the RXD tied low results in the radio transmitting garbage serial data across the RF Force 9600 Sleep Interrupt When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting the transceiver s serial interface is forced to 9600 8 N 1 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit regardless of actual EEPROM setting The interface timeout is also Set to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF data rate To exit the transceiver must be reset or power cycled with Test pin logic high or disconnected When enabled in the EEPROM 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up command boot OxCC OxFF and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin is used for all boot
39. ag Cumulative Lag RSSI Current Old RSSI Avg New RSSI Avg Old RSSI Avg Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag Cumulative Lag is then stored in memory until the next time RSSI is calculated If Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag gt 0 then Cumulative Lag remainder of Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag RSSI Output to PWM A moving RSSI average can be written to the PWM Output as a signal strength indicator The output pin to use the threshold range for the RSSI and the RSSI Type reported can all be configured through EEPROM addresses The PWM output has a 39 3846 US period The duty cycle is set by the RSSI value recorded by the transceiver and the RSSI Threshold High and RSSI Threshold Low values RSSI Threshold High EEPROM 0x65 The upper limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported above this value strong signals report a 10096 duty cycle on the PWM output RSSI Threshold Low EEPROM 0x66 The lower limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported below this value weak signals report a 096 duty cycle on the PWM output To calculate the thresholds use the following equation RSSI Dec RSSI dBm 82 2 4128 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 23 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Then convert this from decimal to hexadecimal notation Sleep Indicator EEPROM 0x45 bit 6 When enabled GIO_1 toggles low
40. anai 10 le eil o n ese PER DEDICO DETIENE 10 Theory of Operation nee pepe ere eene SER Vea EIER rtu ERR Vaude aee kan peg eua Due vl fees eser ano a ERR Cn SER Rae 12 Server Client Archittect te NENNEN EENS EENS EEN 12 Adjustable RF Dat Rate sismissiscssosaeiicscsssnidsoisinsensneiin esed isi inensis isin iaaiiai ei esaia seii iiias niis 12 Modes of Operation i e rr rh ei a a a a i a a 13 Serial Interface Baud WEE 14 Interface Timeout RF Packet Size 15 PIOW COMEROM e 16 Radio Configurations eerie tei rr rop debe pi rre Fei dr popa dde vs e Ege dcr vb ded Pe deep eo pa eve e PR ERR EG 17 EEPROM Parameters p EDI IRURE NER ee RAs 26 Configuring the RMOZA enne nennen rr sn thin than tesi ANEA trs EnEn EAEn SEA Ennn sn tes sn nnana annen nnne 36 AT COMMANA EE 36 Utility COMMANA EE 38 Status CONmmalds E 40 ellene He EG dell TE 41 Serial Firmware Upgrades sssini nesnenin edat re cete EE ERE Lc ved ntes ede E toe ERE e ee ele 48 er AWA 48 Upgrading Via Windows OEM Configuration Utility sescenti tnnn enhn nnas 48 Upgrading FW ul Ee EE 49 Command e EG dl ele 49 Process to Manually Upgrade RMOZA 51 AP een EE 52 API Send Ee len EE 52 API RECEIVE Packets ciuine g eenegt ege eges CEA 52 APLTransmit Packet EE 53 Mechanical Considerations c cccccccecsssesssecesecessesesaeeecec
41. ating over the serial interface to a transceiver For a baud rate to be valid the calculated baud rate must be within 3 of the OEM host baud rate Table 7 Baud Rate Interface Rate 230400 OxOA 0x02 115200 0x09 0x02 57600 0x08 0x02 38400 0x07 0x02 28000 0x06 0x03 19200 0x05 0x05 14400 0x04 0x07 9600 0x03 0x10 4800 0x02 0x15 2400 0x01 Ox2A 1200 0x00 0x53 Non standard OxE3 Use equation below 1 Interface timeout 200 us per increment the EEPROM address 0x58 is ignored if Auto Config is enabled To use a non standard Interface Timeout disable Auto Config 2 Default baud rate For baud rates other than those shown in Table 7 the following equations can be used 256 BAUD_M 2 FREQUENCY Baud Rate 275 Where FREQUENCY 26 MHz BAUD M EEPROM Address 0x43 BAUD E EEPROM Address 0x44 100000 Minimum Interface Timeout Baud Rate Tips The RMO24 supports a majority of standard as well as non standard baud rates To select a standard baud rate use the value shown for EEPROM address 0x42 in Table 7 To enable a non standard baud rate program EEPROM address 0x42 Custom Baud Enable to OxE3 and then use the equation above to solve for BAUD_M and BAUD_E Adjusting the serial interface baud rate does not affect the RF data rate Radio can accept serial combinations number of bits parity number of stop bits of 8 N 1 7 N 2 7 1 1 by default Modes of 8 1 1 8 N
42. detailed command information please refer to the Command Descriptions immediately following the Quick Reference Table On the Fly Control Commands The RM024 transceiver contains memory that holds many of the parameters that control the transceiver operation Using the On the Fly command set allows many of these parameters to be viewed and changed during system operation Because the memory these commands affect is dynamic when the transceiver is reset these parameters revert back to the settings stored in the EEPROM EEPROM Configuration Commands Two commands are available to read and write the EEPROM of the radio These commands are powerful as they can control the entire configuration of the radio They should be used with caution as overwriting reserved areas of memory can adversely affect the operation of the radio The radio must be reset for any changes to the EEPROM to take effect Utility Commands Utility commands are used to enter and exit AT Command mode and to reset the radio Status Commands Status commands are used to query the radio for information Status commands can be used to poll GPIOs ADCS or to retrieve information about the state of the network Status commands do not affect the operation of the transceiver aside from being in Command mode Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 36 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4
43. during sleep and high when the module is awake Sleep Timer High Low EEPROM OxCD OxCE Two bytes to indicate the length of time to sleep in seconds Wake Count EEPROM OxCF Time in number of hops 13 19 ms each to stay awake during cyclic sleep This counter is an inactivity counter therefore the counter is reset as long as the device continues to transmit packets over the RF interface Note Once the Wake Counter has expired the radio waits for a slot of inactivity meaning that no RF packet is being received transmitting the serial port is idle and the radio is not in AT Command mode Once all of these conditions are met the radio enters its sleep cycle To prevent the radio from entering its sleep cycle or to force it out of its sleep cycle the 9600 baud pin can be held low Sniff Permit EEPROM 0x45 bit 0 Sniff Permit allows a radio to receive a data packet from another radio on the network regardless of the destination MAC address in the packet This allows an OEM to create a sniffer for all network traffic Sniff Permit must be enabled on the transmitting radio to grant its permission to be heard Sniff Report and Sniff Permit must be enabled on the sniffer radio to cause it to send sniffed packets out the serial port System ID EEPROM 0x76 System ID is similar to a password character or network number and makes network eavesdropping more difficult A receiving transceiver will not go in range of or communicate wi
44. e enabled on both the local and remote radio and the Remote I O Control Bit must be set for the same pair on both radios All I O state information for all lines is transmitted when any update is triggered Thus on the receiving radio any enabled output pins will be updated regardless of whether those pins were enabled on the transmitting radio Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 21 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 RF Channel Number EEPROM 0x40 This product uses FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum protocol in which the transceiver communicates using frequency bins spaced throughout the frequency band Therefore RF Channel Number specifies a unique pseudo random hopping sequence RF Profile EEPROM 0x54 RF Profile can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range Deciding which RF profile to choose depends on the individual application Selecting a higher RF baud rate provides increased RF bandwidth However selecting the lower RF baud rate provides significantly improved range Selecting fewer hops provides a shorter sync time whereas more hops provides better interference and collocated system immunity RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI is available to the OEM through a number of means AT commands such as Get Last RSSI and Bin Analyzer report RSSI API Packets for Receive API and S
45. ecesseaeaeseseescnssaaaeaesesecscesaeaesesessceesesaeaeseeessseseaaees 54 Mecharical DEaWIg oett hrec o e Fa ire enun Her ee ER pee ea OR CL ee eZ e ede Rae Ee e REPE ERR SV ede ue RR SEU e deeg 54 Note ori Mechanical Drawings roro rsen ra sa rosae na y PERPE Beo ea FEES FEES ad a EE RRRE DK baee age a ERR PRAE TR ENER Ee e 54 Ordering InfOormatiOn dain eG Gti date de deri Pu eve ce met d aer abe poe Ee eta dedere pure cca 57 Product Part Nubes EE 57 Regulatory Information 58 FCC IC Requirements for Modular Approval cccssccessseessecessecsecesseecsseeesseecsaeecseecssseecasecsseeecaeecsassesaecessseeaeensess 58 RMO24 Firmware FIISEORV EE 60 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 3 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 RAMP MODULES Laird Technologies RAMP Range Amplified MultiPoint modules are designed to provide robust wireless communications for any number of applications requiring a wireless transport for serial data RAMP modules feature a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS protocol for excellent interference and multipath immunity RAMP modules Server Client architecture allows for more than 16 million clients to be addressed and communicating within the network Overview The RMO24 RAMP module is based on Laird Technologies LT2510 core technology enhanced with a new RF front end for improved sleep improved li
46. end Data Complete report RSSI and one of three pins can be configured to provide a PWM output representing the RSSI By default AT commands and API packets represent RSSI in an 8 bit hexadecimal 2 s complement range Legacy RSSI detailed above can be enabled to provide the RSSI in a non 2 s complement form from 0x00 very weak signal to OxFF very strong signal The control commands for PWM output utilize a Legacy RSSI format from 0x00 to OxFF The RSSI values reported can be converted to a decibel value with the following formulas For Non Legacy values where the RSSI is reported in 8 bit 2 s complement hexadecimal ranging from 0x80 to Ox7F use the following to calculate the RSSI d m For these calculations convert the reported hexadecimal value directly to decimal notation ignoring the 2 s complement conversion If this value is greater than or equal to 128 then RSSI dBm RSSI Dec 256 2 RSSI Offset If this value is less than 128 then RSSI dBm RSSI Decy2 RSSI Offset For Legacy RSSI the equation is RSSI dBm RSSI Dec 128 2 Res Offset RSSI Dec is the reported value represented in Decimal notation RSSI Offset 82 Reported RSSI values are meant as estimates and have an accuracy of 2 dBm The RSSI reported by various commands has an effective range of 25 dBm to 95 dBm Outside of this range the accuracy is not maintained RSSI Control EEPROM 0x68 RSSI Control is a bit field used t
47. etwork configurations Auto Channel can be enabled in clients to allow them to automatically synchronize with the first server they detect regardless of channel number Note A client with Auto Channel only synchronizes with a server that has a matching System ID Auto Config EEPROM 0x56 bit 0 The optimal settings for interface timeout and RF packet size vary according to the selected RF profile and interface baud rate Enabling Auto Config bypasses the value for these variables stored in EEPROM and uses predetermined values that have been optimized for the given mode When Auto Config is disabled these values must be programmed in the transceiver EEPROM Auto Destination EEPROM 0x56 bit 4 To simplify EEPROM programming Auto Destination can be enabled in the radio which allows the radio to automatically set its destination to the address of the radio from which it last received a successful transmission from beacon or data packet Auto Destination on Beacons Only Address 0x56 bit 7 When Auto Destination is enabled the client radio addresses itself to the source of any received packet including beacons from the server and any addressed or broadcast packets it receives For point to multipoint networks where the client is intended to only communicate back to the server this could cause the client to inadvertently become addressed to another client By enabling Auto Destination on Beacons Only the client only addresses itself
48. fly Command OxCC lt 0x03 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC Firmware Version gt lt Status gt Parameter Range Data 0x02 Server 0x03 Client Firmware Radio Firmware version Status 0x02 Server 0x03 Clients In Range 0x01 Client not In Range Set Broadcast Mode The host issues this command to set the addressing mode in the radio If both Broadcast mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio sends the RF packets in Broadcast mode Command OxCC 0x08 Data Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Data Parameter Range Data 0x00 Disable Broadcast Mode 0x01 Enable Broadcast Mode Read IRAM This command is used to view the IRAM contents The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed via the IRAM commands take effect immediately and remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are Range Refresh Ox3D RF Channel 0x41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Packet Size Ox5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS_On_L Ox5D CTS_Off_H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 3 0x72 Desti
49. from a server in their network When a client detects the server s beacon the client synchronizes to it and transitions the In Range pin low When the server and the client are synchronized they can begin transferring data Table 10 EEPROM Parameters Product ID 0x00 0x23 Product identifier string includes revision information for software and hardware Range Refresh Ox3D Ox01 OxFF 0x48 Specifies the maximum amount of time a transceiver reports In Range without having heard a server s beacon Equal to hop period value do not set to 0x00 Channel Number 0x40 79 Hops 0x00 Ox4D 43 Hops 0x00 0x29 0x00 Selects a unique hopping sequence in order to demarcate collocated networks Mode Server Client Baud Rate 0x41 0x42 0x01 Server 0x02 Client 0x00 0x0A OxE3 0x02 0x09 Sets the mode type Each network has one and only one server and any number of clients The server is responsible for transmitting beacons which are used by the clients to locate and synchronize their hopping to that of the server Baud Rate see Serial Interface section for details Default represents 115 200 kbps Setting this address to OxE3 allows the user to set a custom baud rate with the Baud M and Baud E registers Baud M 0x43 0x00 0xFF 0x00 Baud_M is used for setting custom baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Baud_E Control
50. h the OEM Configuration Utility is a straight forward process The PC Settings tab has an option when the RMO24 is the selected product to perform a Radio Firmware Update This section of the OEM software can be used to upgrade the FW of the radio connected to Port 1 of the software To perform a firmware upgrade follow these steps illustrated in Figure 3 1 Connect the Development Kit or other interface board with the RMO24 to the PC 2 Select Find Ports then select the appropriate Windows Comm Port from the drop down menu Note If the appropriate port doesn t appear click Add Ports to add the port manually then repeat step 2 3 Setthe correct settings for the radio in Port 1 By default this is 115 200 8 N 1 with Hardware Handshaking enabled 4 Verify that the Port Status in Port 1 is Open 5 In the Radio Firmware Upgrade box select Firmware Upgrade 6 In the Open File Window select the appropriate RMO24 FW binaries 7 When the download is successful a success window appears and the new firmware is now active 8 Send the lt OxCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x02 gt command to the radio from the Command page to verify that all pages have been upgraded If this command reports an error locate the corresponding binary image and repeat this process with that file Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 48 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Ve
51. in the buffer until the radio receives an RF Acknowledgement ACK from the receiving radio addressed mode or all transmit retries oroadcast attempts are used Once an ACK has been received or all retries attempts are exhausted the current data packet is removed from the buffer and the radio begins processing the next data packet in the buffer To prevent the radio s RXD buffer from being overrun we strongly recommend that the OEM host monitors the radio s CTS output When the number of bytes in the RXD buffer reaches the value specified by CTS_ON EEPROM address Ox5C Ox5D the radio de asserts high CTS to signal to the OEM host to stop sending data over the serial interface CTS is re asserted after the number of bytes in the RXD buffer is reduced to the value specified by CTS OFF EEPROM addresses Ox5E Ox5F signaling to the OEM host that it may resume sending data to the transceiver Note We recommend that the OEM host stop all data transmission to the radio while CTS is de asserted high otherwise potential data loss may occur Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 16 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 TXD Data Buffer and RTS As data to be forwarded to the OEM Host accumulates it is stored in the RMO24 s outgoing buffer until the radio is ready to begin sending the data to the OEM Host Once the data packet has been sen
52. ing a client slot Though the RF hardware is still technically half duplex it makes the transceiver seem full duplex This can cause overall throughputs to be cut in half Note All transceivers on the same network must have the same setting for Full Duplex Hop Packet Delineation EEPROM 0x57 bit 6 When enabled in addition to using RF packet size and interface timeout as criteria for processing incoming data the radio also delineates packets up to once per hop once a minimum of six characters has been received over the serial port Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 19 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Legacy RSSI EEPROM 0x45 bit 2 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator is a measure of how well the receiving radio is able to hear the transmitting radio By default RSSI is reported in 8 bit 2 s complement hexadecimal format therefore values range from 0x80 Ox7F Many preceding products have instead reported RSSI in the range of 0x00 OxFF Legacy RSSI causes 0x80 to be added to the RSSI result prior to reporting it to the host Max Power EEPROM 0x63 The transceiver has an adjustable RF output power Power can be adjusted dynamically to optimize communications reliability and conserve power Each increment represents a 3 dBm 5096 decrease in power The radios have a maximum input RF level of 0 dBm When operated ve
53. ion 2 4 Bin Analyzer The Bin Analyzer is a powerful command for understanding the link conditions between two radios over the entire frequency hopping spectrum The Bin Analyzer causes the local radio to send an RSSI request packet to the radio specified in the Destination Address field The remote radio responds with RSSI information and this is then streamed to the OEM through the Serial UART This sequence occurs once per hop Due to the random frequency hopping sequence of the radios it is not possible to associate a specific bin with a specific frequency though the OEM can use the Bin Analyzer response to identify any possible interferers and to provide a quantitative analysis of the total number of good versus bad bins The Bin Analyzer command streams data results back for each hop until the command is turned off or the number of runs is met The Bin Analyzer command must be issued from Command mode but it continues to stream results back even after the OEM has exited Command mode The Bin Analyzer packet is sent as part of the RF packet header and does not affect the throughput of data between two radios See the RSSI section for equations to convert RSSI to a dBm value Command 0OxCC 0x8F Control lt NumRuns gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC 0x01 Bin Response Stream OxCC lt Bin gt RSSI 1 RSSI 2 Parameter Range Control 0x00 Turn Bin Analyzer Off 0x01 Turn Bi
54. it Address OxC8 for the PWM output Which control lines are used in Remote I O is set by the Remote I O Control bit field Address 0x60 Note that TxD RxD is one pair of Remote I O lines available If this pair is used the module does not respond to commands and is not able to transmit or receive serial data If this pair is enabled Force 9600 must be low at boot to disable Remote 1 0 if serial communications are desired Table 8 Remote VO Control bit fields AddressOx60 Bit O set GIO_4 GIO_O Bit 1 set GIO_8 GIO_1 Bit 2 set GIO_7 GIO 3 Bit 3 set CMD Data GIO 2 Bit 4 set RTS CTS Bit 5 set RXD TXD Bit 6 clear Bit 7 clear All WO are Outputs Bit 6 set Bit 7 clear All VO are Inputs Bit 7 set Inputs and outputs are as specified in table 1 GIO 8 Pin 18 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards Tips e When using GIO 7 GIO 3 Pairs the input output will be digital unless Remote Analog Enable bit is set Address 0x57 bit 4 in which case the input is Analog and the output is PWM TXD and RXD are not available for UART serial data when used as in Remote I O Force 9600 must be Low on boot to disable Remote I O Mode and issue commands When not using pairs bit 7 clear one radio should have all I O as inputs and the other radio or radios should have all I O as output Remote I O Mode must b
55. ith the antennas listed below and having a maximum gain of 9 dBi The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms 1 WIC2450 A Laird Technologies Chip 2 2 NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies Microstrip 1 3 ID2450 RS36 Laird Technologies Panel 9 3 1G2450 RS36 Laird Technologies Omni 6 4 151 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 5 Note The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Reference FCC Part 15 204 c 4 for further information on this topic To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and gain should be chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power EIRP is not more than that permitted for successful communication Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 58 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Power Exposure Information In general there are two agency classifications for RF radiation exposure in wireless applications Mobile A mobile device is defined as a transmitting device designed to be used in such a way that a separation distance of at least 20 centimeters is normally maintained between the transmitter s radiating structures and the body of the user or nearby persons The RM024 is fully modular approved for mobile and fixed applications Reference FCC Part 2 1091 for further details on mobile
56. l Pin states are maintained while in sleep A reset of the radio soft or hard cancels any current sleep mode Two sleep modes are supported in the module PM2 and PM3 PM2 The module can either be awakened by the Sleep Interrupt pin Force 9600 going Low or the sleep timer expiring When a server enters PM2 it stops sending beacons until it awakes Upon awakening from PM2 a client calculates which frequency the server should be located on based on the duration of the sleep period and attempts to re sync with the server on that frequency As such a client is not permitted to transmit data following PM2 until receiving a beacon from its server Enabling In Range High on Wake permits the host to monitor the In Range pin to determine when the client has received a beacon from its server Note PM2 only maintains sync for two minutes See FW1 3 0 in the RM024 Firmware History Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 38 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 PM3 The module can only be awakened by the Sleep Interrupt pin Force 9600 The sleep timer is not active in PM3 and the bytes controlling the timer RES Timer H Timer D are disregarded and can be omitted from the command as well Sleep Time is calculated according to the following formula Sleep Time RES TIMER H amp L 32 768 khz Sleep modes must last for a minimum of 11 08
57. lt BytesToWrite gt Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response OxCC 0xC4 Result StartAddress 1 0 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 49 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Parameter Range StartAddress 1 0 0x00 0x00 Ox3B OxFF lt Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x01 0x00 OxFF BytesToWrite The actual data being written Result 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out Ox06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 A valid image already exists erase that Flash before overwriting Decrypt New Message This command is used to decrypt the binary file that was previously downloaded to the radio The next reboot of the module causes this decrypted image to be loaded into the memory Once the file is decrypted it cannot be read from the module Command OxCC 0xC5 Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC 0xC5 Data Parameter Range Data 0x00 No Error 0x01 Error in File integrity erase Flash and retry download 0x02 Not enough free memory Reset the module and try again 0x04 Image Already Decrypted Erase New Image from Flash It is not necessary to issue this command The radio automatically erases the new image upon loading it into active memory However if the wrong image is loaded the image can be erased It is not possible to overwri
58. ms Command OxCC 0x86 Mode RES Timer H Timer L Number of Bytes Returned None Response None Parameter Range Mode 0x02 PM2 0x03 PM3 RES 0x00 20 0x01 21 0x02 22 0x03 23 lt Timer_H TIMER_L gt 0x0001 OxFFFF Reset The OEM host issues this command to perform a soft reset of the transceiver Any transceiver settings modified by CC commands revert to the values stored in the EEPROM Command OxCC OxFF Number of Bytes Returned None Response None Restore Factory Defaults This command restores the original factory EEPROM settings to the module The command also issues a reset as well as restoring the EEPROM The default EEPROM is active following the reset Command OxCC lt OxFF gt OxDF Number of Bytes Returned O Response None Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 39 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Status Commands Check Status Registry Status Registry contains error codes which may be useful for the OEM to note Note Sleep crystal is only checked on boot Wake Event is written every time the module wakes from sleep Boot Error is written on boot Calibration Event indicates that the module is performing a calibration of the external crystal used to track the length of sleep during a Sleep Timer sleep mode If Slee
59. n Analyzer On NumRuns Ox00 Continuous 0x01 OxFF Number of runs bins lt Bin gt Bin from 0 to max bin number according to the selected RF Profile RSSI 1 How strongly the remote radio heard the local radio s bin request RSSI 2 How strongly the local radio heard the remote radio s response Note RSSI 1 and RSSI 2 range from 0x80 to Ox7F Command Descriptions Read Temperature The OEM host issues this command to read the onboard temperature sensor Note The temperature sensor is uncalibrated and has a tolerance of 3 C For calibration instructions contact Laird technical support Command OxCC lt 0xA4 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Temp Parameter Range Temp Temperature Celsius in two s complement format Change Channel The OEM host issues this command to set a new RF channel number Command OxCC 0x02 Channel Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Channel Parameter Range For 43 channel hop mode range is 0x00 to 0x29 For 79 channel hop mode range is 0x00 to Ox4D Channel RF Channel to switch to in the range 0x00 to 0x29 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 41 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Change Server Client The OEM host issues this command to set the module as a server or a client on the
60. n when using it To see if the Vendor ID has been set the OEM can issue the command lt OxCC gt OxF2 0x06 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless 47 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt If the response is OxFF OxFF then VID has not been set If the response is 0x00 0x00 then the VID has been set Issuing the command OxCC lt OxF2 gt 0x06 lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt will not set the Vendor ID Command OxCC lt OxF2 gt 0x06 Vid H lt Vid_L gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt OxF2 gt 0x06 lt Value gt Parameter Range lt Vid_H gt 0x00 OxFF Vid L 0x00 OxFF Value If Vid is set the response will be 0x00 0x00 If Vid is not set the response will be OxFF OxFF SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES Overview The active firmware running on the module may be upgraded via the serial interface The Windows OEM Configuration Utility v5 07 and above can perform this operation for modules with access to a PC but for embedded applications it may be necessary for the OEM to program the FW upgrade through a microcontroller Upgrade of the FW over the air is not supported on the RMO24 The firmware upgrade procedure will not affect the radio EEPROM settings except to update the version number Upgrading Via Windows OEM Configuration Utility Upgrading throug
61. nation MAC Address 2 0x73 Destination MAC Address 1 0x74 Destination MAC Address OD 0x75 System ID 0x76 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 42 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Command OxCC 0x0A Location Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Value Parameter Range Location Dependant of parameter Value Ox0O OxFF Write IRAM This command is used to change the IRAM contents The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed via the IRAM commands take effect immediately and remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are Range Refresh Ox3D RF Channel 0x41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Packet Size 0x5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS On L Ox5D CTS_Off_H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 3 0x72 Destination MAC Address 2 0x73 Destination MAC Address 1 0x74 Destination MAC AddressO 0x75 System ID 0x76 Command OxCC lt 0x0B gt Location Value Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC
62. nd mode can be entered by setting the CMD Data pin of a transceiver low or by issuing the Enter AT Command AT Commands There are four types of configuration supported by the RMO24 e On the Fly commands for dynamic reprogramming of running memory s EEPROM commands for making persistent changes to EEPROM Utility commands for dealing with Command mode Status commands for querying the radio for information When in Command mode the RF is still active and incoming RF packets are queued in the radio until Command mode is exited If in Command mode via the CMD Data pin and Command Data RX Disable has been disabled incoming RF packets are not queued and are not sent to the host immediately AT Commands sent to the RMO24 must still adhere to the interface guidelines specified by the Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size For this reason standard terminal emulators such as HyperTerminal cannot be used to configure the RM024 Manually typing AT Commands causes the Interface Timeout to be reached between characters and the command is discarded if already in Command Mode or transmitted if not AT commands should be issued either with the Laird Technologies OEM Configuration Utility or sent directly from a microcontroller or other host When an invalid command is sent the radio discards the data and no response is sent to the OEM Host Table 11 below shows a quick summary of the basic configuration and diagnostic commands available on the RM024 For
63. nk budget and a switchable antenna output The RM024 is available in two versions one with 125 mW maximum conducted output power and approved for North American and similar markets and one with 50 mW maximum conducted output power and approved for European and similar markets These modules are identical except for output power transmit power consumption and the number of RF Channels available Differences between the two versions where applicable will be denoted based on part number This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird Technologies RMO24 transceiver and an OEM Host Information includes the theory of operation specifications interface definitions configuration information and mechanical drawings Note Unless mentioned specifically by name the RM024 modules will be referred to as radio or transceiver Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features The host PC Microcontroller Any device to which the RM024 module is connected will be referred to as OEM Host or Host Key Features Retries and acknowledgements Configurable network parameters Multiple generic I O 280 kbps or 500 kbps RF data stream idle current draw of 9 5 mA sleep current of 50 uA Software selectable interface baud rates from 1200 bps to 460 8 kbps Upgradable FW through serial port Low cost low power and small size ideal for high volume portable and ba
64. nual Version 2 4 Start Delimiter Request 0x81 i Data Data pcm Bytes 2 Payload Data Length Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Received RSSI Byte 5 7 3 Seen of Sender s MAC Address Byt SB Figure 5 Receive API Packet Format API Transmit Packet API Transmit Packet is a powerful API mode that allows the OEM host to send data to a single or multiple via Broadcast transceivers on a packet by packet basis This can be useful for many applications including polling and mesh networks API Transmit Packet is enabled when bit 1 of the API Control address OxC1 byte is enabled The OEM should pre pend each packet of data with the following header information Figure 6 Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Bytes 2 Payload Data Length 0x01 0x50 Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Transmit Retries Broadcast Attempts Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Destination MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data Figure 6 Transmit API Packet Format Note Setting the destination address of OxFF OxFF OxFF broadcasts the packet to all available transceivers in the network Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 53 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS Mechanical Drawing The pluggable versions of the RM024 consist of the surface mount RM024 on a pluggable adapter board RM024 C versions which only feature
65. o control the output of the RSSI PWM output and what messages the radio reports on Note If Disable Hop Frame is disabled so as to report Hop Frame it is output on GO 0 pin 1 of SMT module therefore the PWM output should not be set to output to that pin or conflicting signals will be sent on that output pin Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 22 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Table 9 RSS Control Bit O set GIO 4 GIO 0 Bit 1 set GIO 8 GIO 1 Bit 2 set GIO 7 GIO 3 Bit 3 set CMD Data GIO 2 Bit 4 set RTS CTS Bit 5 set RXD TXD Bit 6 clear Bit 7 clear All VO are Outputs Bit 6 set Bit 7 clear All VO are Inputs RSSI Lag EEPROM 0x67 Controls a filter on the PWM output to smooth out the changes made to the PWM signal Setting the value to a very low number results in very quick changing output Setting the value to a higher number results in a slower varying PWM output Setting the value to 0x00 results in an instantaneous RSSI Because RSSI is measured per hop and the radio can hop over 43 or 79 hops instantaneous RSSI may move too quick to be of use as a signal strength indicator The default value is 0x40 and should be sufficient for most applications It should be set to a value of less than Ox80 RSSI Lag affects the PWM Output according to the following equations s Cumulative L
66. o do so by the host API Control OxC1 1 0x01 Settings are OxFF bit 7 Broadcast Mode 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 6 In range High on Wake bit 5 Antenna Select 0 Select Integrated Chip Antenna 1 Select U FL bit 4 Disable Status Bin 0 Use Status Bin 1 Ignore Status Bin bit 3 Unicast Only 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 2 Send Data Complete API 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 1 Transmit API 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 0 Receive API 0 Disable 1 Enable Random 0xC3 1 0x00 The transceivers utilize a Carrier Sense Backoff OxFF Multiple Access CSMA protocol with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver backs off and retries the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver chooses a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time Settings 1 packet time 0x00 1 2 packet times 0x01 1 4 packet times 0x03 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4
67. or more details RSSI 0x66 1 Ox00 OxFF 0x50 Threshold Low Sets the Low threshold for RSSI If the RSSI is below RSSI Threshold Low then 0x00 096 Duty Cycle is written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details RSSI Lag 0x67 1 0x00 0xFF 0x40 Constant controlling the rate of change of the PWM Output RSSI Control 0x68 1 0x00 OxFF OxF1 Settings are bit 7 PWM Output Port bit 6 PWM Output Port bit 5 Use Average RSSI 0 Ignore RSSI Lag and report instantaneous RSSI 1 Uses RSSI Lag and reports moving average of RSSI bit 4 Invert Report 0 PWM Outputs higher duty cycle for a stronger signal 1 PWM Outputs lower duty cycle for a stronger signal bit 3 Unintended Report 0 Disable Unintended report Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 31 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 1 Reports RSSI on packets not intended for this transceiver bit 2 Broadcast Report 0 Disable Broadcast Report 1 Reports RSSI on Broadcast packets received bit 1 Addressed Report 0 2 Disables Addressed Report 1 Reports RSSI on packets specifically addressed to this transceiver bit 0 Beacon Report 0 Disables Beacon Report 1 Reports RSSI on the beacon from the server 1 PWM Output Port The OEM can control which ports are used for PWM Output according to the following table 0 0 2 6 0 1 1 7
68. ount 50mW U FLorchip WW RMO024 P50 C 01 Pluggable 50mW U FL WW and UV RMO24 P50 M 01 Pluggable 50mW U FLorchip WW Gr 204 320032 RM024 S50 C 01 ap Gr 204 320033 RM024 S50 M 01 was E 204 320035 RMO24 P50 C 01 was Gr 204 320034 RMO24 P50 M 01 I Antenna Information Japan does not allow use with any antennas other than those listed Contact a Laird Technologies representative for more information regarding adding antennas 1 WIC2452 A Laird Technologies Chip 2 68 2 S151FC 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 5 3 S181FL 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 2 4 ANT 2 4 CW RCT SS Antenna Factor Dipole 23 5 ANT 2 4 CW RCT RP Antenna Factor Dipole 2 2 These antennas are only approved for use with the RMO24 P50 C 01 in UV Applications RM024 Firmware History This section will detail key differences between firmware releases of the RM024 The previous sections of the User Manual only deal with the latest version Some features and default settings have changed from one firmware to the next This section will detail those differences FW1 0 1 Initial Release Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 61 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 New Features Antenna Select Address 0xC1 bit 5 O22Chip Antenna 1 u FL Default varies by product The RM024 modules are available with two antenna configurations chip antenna and u FL
69. p Calibration is enabled in the EEPROM this bit will always be set The sleep timer will constantly be calibrated Command 0OxCC 0x00 0x01 Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response OxCC lt Response 32bits gt Parameter Range Response bit 0 Sleep Crystal check If set Sleep timing crystal failed to Start bit 1 Wake Event If set the radio was awakened from sleep with the Sleep Interrupt Force 9600 pin bit 2 Boot Error If set last reset was due to brown out or power on reset If not set then reset was due to uP Reset pin or Soft Reset command bit 3 Calibration Event If set then the sleep timer is performing a calibration Check Firmware Status The Check Firmware Status command is used to verify proper loading of the firmware Since the firmware must be loaded via multiple images this command verifies that all pages have been upgraded Should an error be encountered the first page encountered that is out of date is reported in the response Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x02 gt Response lt 0xCC gt lt 0x02 gt lt Error gt lt Page gt Parameter Range Error 0x00 success 0x09 firmware not complete Page 0x00 no error Ox10 Ox1E corresponds to first page in memory that needs to be upgraded Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 40 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Vers
70. ricas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 7 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Block Diagram l InRange pw Force 9600 CMD Data uP_Reset A4 ADC b 4 RM024 m DE RE RTS _ CTS IBI output Butter Transmitter PA Serial UART CPU d o W EH Receiver LNA RF Switch RXD Input Buffer EEPROM ntegrate Antenna Figure 1 Block Diagram of RM024 Timing Specifications Table 5 Timing Specifications Power on to 5 ms 10 ms N A The first boot after a FW CTS Low upgrade will require more than the typical amount of time for CTS to toggle Low EEPROM Read 800 us 1ms 2 ms Measured from last byte of command to first byte of response 870 us for 1 byte 1 1 ms for 80 bytes 1 4 ms for 256 bytes EEPROM Write 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms Measured EEPROM writes will cause the radio to resynchronize Powerontoln Client only 13 ms 600 ms 1700 ms Maximum time assuming all Range server will go in beacons are heard RF range in fewer interference could extend the than 13 ms maximum time indefinitely Hope Period In 13 19 ms Range Hop Period Out Client only 38 4 ms of Range Reset Pulse 250 ms Americas 1 800 492 2320
71. rk timeouts and interface data rate Laird Technologies can assist in determining whether CTS is required for your application Radio Configurations Antenna Switch EEPROM 0xC1 bit 5 Selects either integrated chip antenna or U FL connector for external antenna Note On RM024 C units with no integrated antenna the RF switch is still active and it is possible though not advised to switch to the integrated antenna option even though there is no antenna connected RF performance in this configuration would be degraded See Antenna Select Override for additional options Antenna Select Override EEPROM 0x5B Disables the antenna switch on C products causing the firmware to ignore the setting in Antenna Switch and use the U FL port automatically Note Product ID s containing an M RM024 S125 M 01 RMO24 P125 M 01 RM024 S50 M 01 and RMO24 P50 M 01 have both antennas installed chip antenna and u FL However products containing a C RMO24 S125 C 01 RMO24 P125 C 01 RM024 S50 C 01 and RMO24 P50 C 01 only have the u FL installed Therefore selecting chip antenna on a C product results in no RF link This feature does not work in FW v1 3 0 on 50 mW radios RM024 x50 C 01 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 17 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Auto Channel EEPROM 0x56 bit 3 To allow for more flexible n
72. rsion 2 4 gt d L T2510 Configuration Test Utility f Contigure Rang Porti Settings Step 4 v USB COM Pal Add C TCPIIP Po Ports V Port Status Prolific USB to Serial C Test Terminal Chat Command Step 2 Options v Save Settings on Ext v Readirite with AT Commands Use Auto Baud Port Auto Archive EEPROM Settings Port Mentor UDP for new devices Baud Rate 115200 Party None recommended Handshaking Hardware recommended NE Data Bis 8 Stop Bits D Port2 Settinas Enabled Product Product LT2510 D c Add Find G t Ports Ports Step 8 Read Radio E to Image Handshaking Hardware recommended Filename x e Portt Open COM1 115 200 8 N 1 CTS Porti Low Communications idle RTS Port High Figure 3 Upgrading firware in Laird Contiguration Utility Upgrading FW Commands These commands are used to upgrade the FW on the RMO24 these commands are only valid on FW version 1 3 and above Command Descriptions Write Flash This command is used to write an encrypted binary file to the reserve flash The OEM should first issue the Erase Flash command before writing a new image to the flash Writes can only be done in increments less than 256 bytes The binary file should start being written at address 0x00 and incremented from there Command OxCC 0OxC4 StartAddress 1 0 lt Length 1 0 gt
73. ry close together at full power the radio s receiver can saturate and no transmissions are possible If the distance between the transmitter and receiver is very short generally less than 2 ft 6 m with 2 5 dBi antennas the maximum power should be reduced Mode Server Client EEPROM 0x41 The server controls the frequency hop timing by sending out regular beacons transparent to the transceiver host which contain system timing information This timing information synchronizes the client radio frequency hopping to the server Each network should consist of only one server Nine Bit Mode EEPROM 0x57 bit 1 With Nine Bit mode disabled the transceiver communicates over the asynchronous serial interface in 8 N 1 format 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit Some systems require a parity or 9 data bit Enabling Nine Bit mode causes the transceiver to communicate using 8 1 1 format 8 data bits 1 parity bit 1 stop bit In this mode the transceiver does not validate the parity bit but simply transmits it over the RF This is useful as some systems use the ninth bit as an extra data bit and not just a parity bit However because the ninth bit is transmitted over the RF enabling Nine Bit mode cuts the transceiver interface buffer size by 1 9 and reduces the RF bandwidth by the same ratio Random Backoff EEPROM 0xC3 The transceivers utilize a retry protocol with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event an
74. s not possible but a false negative may occur That is the receiving radio may have received the packet successfully but the acknowledgement was not received at the transmitting radio For broadcast packets the Send Data Complete always reports success API Send Data Complete is enabled when bit 2 of the API Control Address OxC 1 byte is enabled The transceiver sends the OEM host the data shown in Figure 4 upon receiving an RF acknowledge or exhausting all attempts Start Delimiter Request m 8 0x82 J Data Data in Byte 2 Transmit RSSI Byte 3 Receive RSSI Byte 4 Success 0x00 Fail 0x01 Success Figure 4 Send Data Complete Packet Format API Receive Packet By default the source MAC is not included in the received data string sent to the OEM Host For applications where multiple radios are sending data it may be necessary to determine the origin of a specific data packet When API Receive Packet is enabled all packets received by the transceiver include the MAC address of the source radio as well as an RSSI indicator which can be used to determine the link quality between the two API Receive Packet is enabled when bit 0 of the API Control Address OxC 1 byte is enabled Upon receiving a RF packet the radio sends its OEM host the data as shown in Figure 5 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 52 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Ma
75. s or by toggling the Command Data pin low on the transceiver Transparent mode is the default radio operation mode API Mode API mode is an alternative to the default transparent operation of the RMO24 and provides dynamic packet routing and packet accounting abilities to the OEM host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM host API mode utilizes specific frame based packet formats specifying various vital parameters used to control radio settings and packet routing on a packet by packet basis The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s application specific needs The RM024 has three API functions Send Data Complete Receive API Transmit API For additional details and examples please refer to the API Operation section of this manual Command Mode Command mode is used to configure and poll for status of the transceiver Command mode can be entered by issuing the Enter AT Command string or by setting the CMD Data pin low Details of using command mode to configure the RM024 are detailed in Configuring the RM024 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 13 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Serial Interface Baud Rate In order for the OEM host and a transceiver to communicate over the serial interface they must have the same serial data rate This value determines the baud rate used for communic
76. slot for the server If there are six slots the first slot is reserved for the server to transmit and the remainder is shared by the clients Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 15 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 RS 485 Data Enable The timing of the DE RE pin varies depending on the selected interface baud rate The values to set are 485 Delay H Address 0x49 485 Delay M Address 0x4A 485 Delay L Address Ox4B To set them use the following equation round the result up Address 0x49 and Ox4A 485H M 8 125 MHz 81 Baud Rate quotient only Address Ox4B 485L 8 125MHz Baud Rate mod 81 So for 19 200 you should calculate 00 05 12 Flow Control Although flow control is not required for transceiver operation it is recommended to achieve optimum system performance and to avoid overrunning the RMO24 s serial buffers The RMO24 uses separate buffers for incoming and outgoing data RXD Data Buffer and CTS As data is sent from the OEM host to the radio over the serial interface it is stored in the RMO24 s buffer until the radio is ready to transmit the data packet The radio waits to transmit the data until one of the following conditions occur whichever occurs first The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A An interface timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 The data continues to be stored
77. sserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High Once the CTS is deasserted CTS is reasserted Low when the transmit buffer contains this many or less characters Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless 29 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Remote I O 0x60 1 Ox0O0 OxFF 0x00 Control Settings are bit 7 Use Pairs 0 Disable pairs and allows radio I O already set in bits 5 0 to be all input or all output 1 Enable pairs with bits 5 0 set bit 6 All Inputs 0 All configured I O are output if Bit 7 is clear 1 All configured I O are inputs if Bit 7 is clear bit 5 Enable RXD TXD Pair 0 Disable RXD TXD Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable RXD TXD Pair for Remote I O Mode disables serial data bit 4 Enable RTS CTS Pair 0 Disable RTS CTS Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable RTS CTS Pair for Remote I O Mode disables RTS bit 3 Enable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair 0 Disable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable CMD Data GIO_2 Pair for Remote I O Mode May affect DE RE bit 2 Enable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair 0 Disable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair for Remote I O Mode I O Type depends on Remote Analog Enable bit 1 Enable GIO 8 GIO 1 Pair 0 Disable GIO 8 GIO
78. t 1 Duplex 0 Half Duplex 1 Full Duplex bit 0 Auto Config 0 Auto Config Disabled 1 Auto Config Enabled Control 2 0x57 1 Ox00 OxFF 0x01 Settings are bit 7 Discard Framing Errors 0 Framing error register is ignored 1 Upon detecting a framing error the entire packet is discarded bit 6 Hop Packet Delineation 0 Disabled 1 UART data is transmitted once per hop as soon as a minimum of six bytes have been accumulated regardless of whether Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size has been reached bit 5 Override 485 timing 0 485 DE RE timing is set by the radio automatically 1 2 485 DE RE timing is set by value in EEPROM bit 4 Remote Analog Enable 0 Disable Remote Analog 1 Enable Remote Analog bit 3 Remote I O Mode 0 Disable Remote I O Mode 1 Enable Remote I O Mode bit 2 RS 485 Data Enable 0 Disable RS 485 Data Enable 1 Enable RS 485 Data Enable bit 1 Nine Bit Mode 0 Disable Nine Bit Mode 1 Enable Nine Bit Mode bit 0 9600 Boot Option Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 28 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 0 Disable 9600 Boot Option 1 Enable 9600 Boot Option Interface 0x58 1 Timeout 0x02 OxFF 0x03 Specifies a byte gap timeout used in conjunction with RF packet size to determine when a packet coming over the interface is complete 200 ys per increment This is only
79. t 3 GIO_2 Initialize 0 GIO_2 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_2 is initialized High at boot bit 2 GIO_3 Initialize Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 34 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 0 GIO_3 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO 3is initialized High at boot bit 1 GIO 1 Initialize 0 GIO_1 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_1 is initialized High at boot bit 0 GIO O Initialize 0 2 GIO Ois initialized Low at boot 1 GIO Ois initialized High at boot Sleep Time OxCD 1 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Most Significant Byte of Sleep Time High Sleep Time OxCE 1 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Least Significant Byte of Sleep Time when Low combined with Sleep Time High this is the total time to sleep in seconds in hexadecimal Wake Count OxCF 1 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Time in number of hops 13 19 ms each to stay awake This counter is an inactivity counter therefore the device stays awake indefinitely as long as the device continues to send or receive packets D O B OxEO 4 Provides factory calibration and test date Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 35 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 CONFIGURING THE RM024 The RM024 can be configured using AT Configuration Commands These commands can be issued only in Command mode Comma
80. t New Image lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC5 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC5 gt lt Data gt Erase Flash lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC6 gt OxCC 0xC6 Read Flash lt OxCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt Start_H gt lt Start_L gt lt OxCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt Result gt lt Start_H gt lt Length_H gt lt Length_L gt lt Start_L gt lt Length_H gt lt Length_L gt lt Data gt Set Vendor ID OxCC lt OxF2 gt 0x06 OxCC OxF2 0x06 Data Vid H Vid L Utility Commands Enter AT Command Mode Prior to sending this command the OEM Host must ensure that the transceiver s serial RX buffer is empty This can be accomplished by framing the command with rest periods equal to the Interface Timeout or greater depending on radio configuration If the buffer is not empty the radio might concatenate the string to existing data in the buffer and it will be sent over the RF Command 0x41 0x54 0x2B 0x2B lt Ox2B gt lt 0x0D gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response OxCC 0x43 lt Ox4F gt Ox4D Exit AT Command Mode The OEM Host should send this command to exit AT Command mode and resume normal operation Command OxCC 0x41 0x54 Ox4F lt 0x0D gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response OxCC 0x44 0x41 0x54 Enter Deep Sleep The OEM host issues this command to put the module into a sleep state to minimize current draw While sleeping the processor has all interfaces disabled including RF and seria
81. t to the Host over the serial interface it will be removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer With RTS Mode disabled the transceiver will send any data to the OEM Host as soon as it has data to send However some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS Mode Enabled the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High causing the transceiver to store the data in its buffer Upon asserting RTS up to two additional bytes can be received over the serial interface before the flow is stopped Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver will continue sending data to the OEM Host beginning with any data stored in its buffer Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the radio s TXD buffer reaches capacity Tip Can implement a design using just TXD RXD and GND three wire interface Yes However it is strongly recommended that your hardware monitor the CTS pin of the radio CTS is taken High by the radio when its interface buffer is getting full Your hardware should stop sending at this point to avoid a buffer overrun and subsequent loss of data You can perform a successful design without monitoring CTS However you need to take into account the amount of latency the radio adds to the system any additional latency caused by retries how often you send data non delivery netwo
82. te a downloaded image without erasing it or activating it This command erases the memory between addresses 0x0000 and Ox7FF Memory between addresses 0x800 and Ox3BFF is erased automatically by the first write exceeding to address 0x800 or higher Because this memory contains active code the radio now disconnects from the network until the upgrade process is completed Command 0OxCC 0xC6 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response Parameter Range OxCC 0xC6 Read Flash This command is used to read the encrypted image of the flash that resides on the radio module If the image has already been decrypted then this command reports an error Note The length of this command is dictated by the dynamic memory heap If the heap is mostly free then a length of up to 700 bytes could be accepted However if the heap is full the command returns with an error or possibly no response at all if the heap is completely full Command lt OxCC gt 0xC9 StartAddress 1 0 Length 1 0 Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response OxCC 0xC9 Result StartAddress 1 0 Data Parameter Range StartAddress 1 0 0x00 0x00 Ox3A OxFF Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 50 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 lt Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 0x02BC lt BytesToWrite gt The actual data being
83. th of the received beacon the presence and strength of interference and randomness of the sync function It can vary from 150 ms to over 1500 ms Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 10 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 GO 0 Hop Frame The Hop Frame indicator functionality is disabled by default and controlled by the Control 1 Bit 6 EEPROM Setting When enabled this pin transitions logic Low at the start of a hop and transitions logic High at the completion of a hop The OEM host is not required to monitor Hop Frame RTS and Handshaking With RTS mode disabled the transceiver sends any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received However some OEM hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS enabled in EEPROM the OEM host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver sends packets to the OEM host as they are received Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver s transmit buffer reaches capacity CTS Handshaking If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS high as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS low as the buffer is emptied CTS should
84. th another transceiver on a different System ID System ID can be ignored on a client by enabling Auto System ID Transmit Retries EEPROM 0x4C When transmitting addressed packets the RF packet is sent out to the receiver designated by its destination address Transmit Retries is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended receiver Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter sends the RF packet to the intended receiver If the receiver receives the packet free of errors it sends the transmitter an acknowledgement If the transmitter does not receive this acknowledgement it assumes the packet was never received and retries the packet This continues until the packet is successfully received or the transmitter exhausts all of its retries The received packet is only sent to the OEM host if and when it is received free of errors Note Setting to 0 is equal to 256 Unicast Only EEPROM 0xC1 bit 3 To prohibit transceivers from receiving broadcast packets Unicast Only can be enabled Unicast Only restricts the transceiver to only receive addressed packets Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 24 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Vendor ID The Vendor ID like the System ID can be used to uniquely identify a network Radios with the Vendor ID set only communicate with other radios with the same set Vendor ID
85. this feature in the affected products has no negative affect other than the mode not working The bug has been corrected and will be made available in a future release Contact tech support for details The following products are affected by this bug RMO024 S50 C 01 RMO024 S50 M 01 RMO24 P50 C 01 RMO24 P50 M 01 Sleep PM2 In PM2 the intent is that the Client should be able to sleep for tens of minutes and maintain frequency hop synchronization with the Server when it wakes Currently PM2 is using a static calibration that permits the Client to maintain synchronization with the Server for roughly 2 minutes Future releases will include a dynamic unobtrusive calibration algorithm to permit much longer PM2 times while successfully maintaining synchronization Sleeping for longer than 2 minutes using the current release of firmware could result in the Client losing sync with the Server upon waking thus requiring the Client to sync with the Server again it takes 500ms for this to occur on average Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 62 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless
86. this manual 5 Contact your sales representative for more details Pin Definitions Table 2 Pin Definitions 1 7 O GIO 0 Generic Output Hop Frame 2 6 O GIO 1 Generic Output 3 8 DNC Do Not Connect 4 17 O GIO 2 RS485 Driver Enable 5 19 O GIO_3 PWM Output 6 3 l RXD Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver 7 2 O TXD Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver 8 10 GND GND Signal Ground 9 1 PWR Vcc 2 3 3 6 V 50 mV ripple must be connected 10 PWR Vpa 2 3 3 6 V 5 OmV ripple must be connected 11 GND GND Signal Ground 12 9 Force 9600 Force 9600 When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting the transceiver s Sleep Interrupt serial interface is forced to a 9600 8 N 1 rate Sleep Interrupt When taken low this pin will wake the radio from sleep Note Because this mode disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation 13 14 GIO 4 Generic Input 14 5 l TP Bac RESET Controlled by the RM024 for power on UP Reset reset if left unconnected After a stable power on reset a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver 15 11 CMD Data When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming OEM Host data as command data When logic High the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as transmit data Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 6 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610
87. ttery powered applications All modules are qualified for Industrial temperatures 40 C to 85 C Advanced configuration available using AT commands Easy to use Configuration and Test Utility software Switchable antenna output either integrated antenna or external antenna through U FL Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 4 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Detailed Specifications Table 1 Detailed Specifications Form Factor SMD ANT U FL Pluggable ANT U FL SMD U FL Pluggable U FL Antenna External antenna through U FL connector or dual antenna with integrated antenna and U FL Serial Interface Data Rate Baud rates from 1200 to 230400 Non standard baud rates are also supported Channels FCC 42 or 78 selectable channels CE 42 selectable channels Security Channelization System ID and Vendor ID Minimum Flash EEPROM Memory Endurance Frequency Band 1000 Write Erase Cycles 2400 2483 5 MHz RF Data Rate Raw 280 kbps or 500 kbps selectable Hop Bin Spacing 900 kHz over 79 hops 1500 kHz over 43 hops RF Technology Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation MSK Maximum Output Power Conducted FCC 5 to 21 dBm selectable CE 3 5 to 18 dBm selectable Supply Voltage 2 3 3 6V 50 mV ripple Current Draw 100 Tx 166 mA 85 mA
88. used when Auto Config is disabled Antenna 0x59 1 Select Override RF Packet Ox5A 1 Size 0x00 OxFF See Description OxFF 0x60 When enabled with OxE3 prevents radios with a C Product Identifier from using the Antenna Switch option On these models the radio automatically selects the U fl port Used in conjunction with Interface Timeout specifies the maximum size of an RF packet Value in address is only used when Auto Config is disabled RF Packet Size should not be less than Ox06 to ensure AT Commands can be issued The maximum value is 0x60 for 280 kbps RF Data Rate and OxEF for 500 kbps RF Data Rate Note Must be set to a minimum of 6 in order to send the Enter AT command CTS On Ox5C 2 CTS Off Ox5E 2 0x0000 Ox1FFF 0x0000 OxO1FE 0x01CO 0x0180 If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss occurs The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is high CTS is deasserted High when the transmit buffer contains this many characters or more If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss occurs The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and a
89. vers much faster throughput but has much less range In addition because the lower data rate solution uses more hops it is better situated for collocated networks A rule of thumb for RF systems is every 6 dB of gain doubles the effective distance The 4 dB increase of Receive Sensitivity for the lower data rate solution means it is able to transmit almost 6096 further than the higher data rate solution Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 2 12 CONN GUIDE RAMP24 0413 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 Modes of Operation The RM024 has three different types of interface modes Transparent Mode API Mode Command Mode The first two modes are used to transmit data across the RF and the third mode is used to configure the radio Transparent Mode When operating in transparent mode the RM024 can act as a direct serial cable replacement in which RF data is forwarded over the serial interface and vice versa In transparent mode the radio needs to be programmed with the MAC address of the desired recipient The destination address can be programmed permanently or on the fly When transparent mode is used data is stored in the RX buffer until one of the following occurs The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 All parameters can be configured by entering Command Mode using either AT command
90. written Result 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out Ox06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 Image Already Decrypted 0x02 Not Enough Free Memory try the command again with a shorter Length lt Data gt Contents of Flash Process to Manually Upgrade RM024 By using the above AT commands it is possible to upgrade a RM024 over the UART from a microcontroller or other device To do this follow these basic steps 1 Make sure the OEM host has a copy of an encrypted binary firmware upgrade files 2 Erase the Existing flash on the RM024 Command OxCC 0xC6 Response OxCC OxC6 3 Write binary images to flash Note that the firmware is loaded in multiple images The primary image the file denoted as 00 must be sent first The first write to memory location 0x800 or above incurs a 300 ms delay while the memory between addresses 0x800 and Ox3BFF is erased Because this memory contains active code the radio disconnects from the network until the upgrade process is completed While not end of binary file Command OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 80 bytes of data Response OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 Check EEPROM Write Command OxCC OxC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 Response OxCC 0xC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 80 bytes of data Verify Read response is the same data that was written Increment start position Verify length Repeat steps a f until entire image has been loaded 4 Decrypt the FW image
91. www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 4 16 15 O RETTEN When logic Low the client is in range and In Range 2 mE synchronized with a server This will always be Low on a server 17 16 RIS Request to Send Floats high if left unconnected When enabled in EEPROM the module will not transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is Low 18 12 O TTS Clear to Send CTS is used for hardware flow control CTS will toggle high when the input buffer reaches the CTS On threshold until the buffer recedes below CTS Off 19 18 GIO_8 Generic Input 20 13 GIO 5 Reserved for future use Do not connect 21 4 GIO 6 Reserved for future use Do not connect 22 20 GIO 7 Analog to Digital Input Tips All I O directions are referenced to Vcc All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20k Ohm pull up resistor and may be left floating during normal operation Minimum Connections VCC VPA GND TXD amp RXD Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver Unused pins should be left disconnected Input Characteristics Table 3 Input Characteristics pP Reset 0 8 v Vcc Ov 0 6 v RTS 2 31v Vcc Ov 99 v AD In N A Vcc Ov N A All other inputs 70 Vcc Vcc Ov 30 Vcc Output Characteristics Table 4 Outout Characteristics GO 0 2 5v 3 3v Ov 0 4 v 20 mA GO 1 2 5v 3 3v Ov 0 4 v 20 mA PWM Output N A 3 3v Ov N A 4 mA All other inputs 2 5v 3 3v Ov 0 4 v 4 mA Ame

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