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Atmel AVR2030: ATRF231USB - Hardware User Manual

1. Attribute class Attribute Offset Value Remarks bytes bit pa_bypass_gain 0x35 0 Attenuation of a PA bypass in line with the RF path Ina_gain 0x36 0 Gain of a LNA in line with the RX path Ina_bypass_gain 0x37 0 Attenuation of a PA bypass in line with the RF path calibration cal_16mhz 0x38 board specific calibration value for onboard transceiver clock crc 0x39 board specific CRC 16 little endian Notes e Gains are given as like 127 x 1dBi for example 4 4dBi e Frequency ranges are given in f 10 for example 240 2400MHz Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 37 42018A AVR 08 2012 Appendix B Radio certification The RF231USB RD has received regulatory approvals for modular devices in the United States and European countries Bi United States FCC Compliance Statement Part 15 19 The device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules To fulfill FCC Certification requirements an Original Equipment Manufacturer OEM must comply with the following regulations e The modular transmitter must be labeled with its own FCC ID number and if the FCC ID is not visible when the module is installed inside another device the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the enclosed module e This exterior label can use wording such as the following Any similar wording that expresses the same meaning may
2. 12pF 5 100nF 10 22pF 5 1 5pF 0 25pF 15pF 2 2 2uF 10 1uF 10 0 7pF 0 1pF SDIN5D2 2G AT86RF231 ZU ATSAM3S4BA AU TPS79433DGN IP4220CZ6 TLMS1000 GS08 LYL29KJ1K2 26 Z LG L29KG2J1 24 Z 1 5nH 0 3nH BLM15HG102SN1D 2 2nH 0 3nH OROO 27RO 470R 10KO 100K 2410 07 G amp W Leiterplatten Dresden GmbH Murata Kyocera elco Murata Kyocera elco Murata AVX Murata Kemet Murata SanDisk Atmel Atmel Texas Instruments NXP Vishay Osram Osram W rth Elektronik Murata Taiyo TYuden Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung SIWARD GEYER ELECTRONIC Lumberg Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 34 42018A AVR 08 2012 Qty Designator Description Footprint Manuf Part Manufacturer 1 X2 Pin header 2 x 5 90 2 line SMD Harwin degree 1 B1 2 4GHz Filter Balun 500 SMD 6 2450FB15L0001E Johanson Technology 1 SH1 EMI Shielding 24x17 5x3 05mm 1020059A Mekoprint 1 ANT1 Ceramic antenna 2450AT43B100 Johanson Technology Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 42018A AVR 08 2012 35 AA MIB data Table 8 2 MIB data Attribute class mib_revision N A 0x00 1 mac_ieee_address N A 0x01 board specific little endian board board_name 0x09 U231T B Board type according to Atmel naming rules board_version 0x11 1 Board revision plm_key 0x13 A09 1495 01
3. 2 GND PA31 NPCS1 PCK2MCDA1 PIODC7 22 MCDAt GND ATSAM3S4BA AU R24 R20 R21 R22 R23 10k 100k 100k 100k 100k Flash Ke vec o o5 FCAP 2 _ 22 GND MCCK MCCDA MCDA3 MCDA2 MCDA1 MCDAO USB type A plug The USB type A chassis plug X1 represents an USB 2 0 full speed interface and can be used as programming and debugging interface by default for example to upload new firmware It supplies the 5 0V operating voltage to run the RF231USB RD stick Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 16 42018A AVR 08 2012 Figure 4 10 USB type A plug A suppressor array D1 is switched to the two USB data lines to safeguard data exchange Figure 4 11 Suppressor array VUSB A 4 7 3 10 pin connector The 10 pin connector X2 is placed at the bottom side of the RF231USB RD stick near the USB type A plug on the top side Figure 4 12 10 pin connector x2 IK oi 2 P anno mo 3 Oaa Mt TMS 5 6 1 RESET S fe DRXD vce 4 7 8 Or TDI lg ee DTXD Pin header 10P 2 row The soldered combined JTAG Trace connector of the board enables programming debugging and testing right in the circuit For programming via JTAG the 10 pin connector has to be plugged into the SAM ICE female adapter 4 7 4 Status LEDs For simple applications and debugging purposes or just to deliver status information a basic user interface consisting
4. 6 7 8 9 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 40 42018A AVR 08 2012 Appendix D Revision history RF231USB PCBA Version Description A09 1495 01 Initial revision Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 41 42018A AVR 08 2012 Appendix E EVALUATION BOARDI KIT IMPORTANT NOTICE This evaluation board kit is intended for use for FURTHER ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT DEMONSTRATION OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY It is not a finished product and may not yet comply with some or any technical or legal requirements that are applicable to finished products including without limitation directives regarding electromagnetic compatibility recycling WEEE FCC CE or UL except as may be otherwise noted on the board kit Atmel supplied this board kit AS IS without any warranties with all faults at the buyer s and further users sole risk The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods Further the user indemnifies Atmel from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods Due to the open construction of the product it is the user s responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge and any other technical or legal concerns EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THE INDEMNITY SET FORTH ABOVE NEITHER USER NOR ATMEL SHALL BE LIABLE TO EAC
5. 62 5kHz are possible Initially the transceiver master clock is outputted prescaled by 16 1MHz clock output refer to 2 for details CLKM is routed to the MCU pin 36 TWCKO where it may be used as timer input The signal is filtered by a low pass filter to reduce harmonic emissions within the 2 4GHz ISM band The filter is designed to provide a stable 1MHz clock signal with correct logic level to a microcontroller pin with sufficiently suppressed harmonics CLKM frequencies above 1MHz would require a redesign of R11 and C28 which in the current device are covered by the RF shield In case of RC cut off frequency adjustments depending on the specific load and signal routing conditions one may observe performance degradation of channel 26 Since its possible influence on the radio performance it is recommended to disable CLKM output if not needed Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 13 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 5 4 5 1 Atmel Figure 4 6 Transceiver clock connection Transceiver MCU PB13 PWML2 PCK0 DACO PB14 NPCS1 PWMH3 DAC1 PAO PWMHO TIOAO A1 7 WKUPO PA1 PWMH1 TIOBO A1 8 WKUP1 PA2 PWMH2 SCKO DATRG WKUP2 PA3 TWDO NPCS3 PA4 TWCKO TCLKO WKUP3 PA5 RXDO NPCS3 WKUP4 PA6 TXDO PCKO PA7 RTSO PWMH3 XIN32 470R 1 5pF ND RF section GND PLL_SAM7S IRQ_SAM3S _CLKM HWID1 HWID2 HWID3 The Atmel AT86RF231 radio transceiver incorporates all RF and BB critical compo
6. of three LEDs is provided directly on the board They are mounted on the bottom side of the printed circuit board Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 17 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 7 5 Note Figure 4 13 Status LEDs VCC VCC VCC LYL29KJ1K2 26 Z LGL29G2J1 24 Z The LEDs are connected to the pins 9 10 and 13 of the SAM3S4B microcontroller ERASE and VCC pins The ERASE pin see Section 4 1 Pin assignment is used to reinitialize the MCU flash content and some of its NVM Non Volatile Memory bits to an erased state The flash is transferred to its original state To perform a flash erase operation the pin has to be tied high longer than 220ms while the USB stick is connected to the PC By electrically connecting the two test points ERASE and VCC the internal MCU flash memory will be deleted The firmware as originally available in the board s delivery condition will be destroyed Caution Work carefully also when handling the board The moisture of your fingers skin may be sufficient under certain conditions to destroy the internal flash content Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 18 42018A AVR 08 2012 5 PCB layout description This chapter describes critical layout details to be carefully considered during a PCB design The PCB design requires an optimal solution for the following topics e Create a solid ground plane for the a
7. Figure 4 12 provides JTAG access of the SAM3 MCU through the four pin JTAG interface TDI TDO TCK TMS with a JTAG programmer suitable for ARM based microcontrollers The traditional JTAG interface for ARM MCUs is a 20pin 100mil connector the SAM ICE adapter enclosed within this Kit converts the signals available on X2 mechanically and electrically to this usual JTAG interface The JTAG interface provided is IEEE 1149 1 standard compliant and supports boundary scan In Figure 6 1 the SAM ICE adapter connected to the RF231USB RD stick is shown right hand side The SAM ICE adapter with 20 pin standard ARM JTAG connector to programmer is displayed in center and the D SUB9 jack RS232 connection to PC at the left Details of the SAM ICE adapter can be found in the separate hardware user manual 9 Figure 6 1 SAM ICE adapter PCBA connected to the RF231USB PCBA USB interface ROM bootloader The SAM3 MCU comes with an embedded ROM bootloader using USB as communication interface The bootloader cannot be deleted Accessing it requires executing one of the following actions first e Erasing the device either via the JTAG interface or e Tying the ERASE pad to VCC or e Clearing the GPNVM bit 1 During the next power on the embedded ROM bootloader is started Refer to the SAM3S Series User Manual AT91SAM ARM based Flash MCU 1 for details Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 28 42018A AVR 08 20
8. Lp s va oueg Wd meezt au ang ai ae unga Deeg IN SOCKPS ESM EZH KK Z 949 S EN auey ajy Veure Jequny Veure eS OL OSHE Lena SEILER OOSBIE Le voie KK Jee WO og UO Spee dd Pue sioyoRdeD page ST JE KiepEt ouu Uepselq ESO E ae Hquin yuyseyneebul y1Uospjaje uepseup Bas E ICH Ki as D ON ea WOOO ow em W GAIE m o so WOL WOL WOL wt 01 St e o D Si A aanere lee al al af Sot oT Er T saon op ap sal gel eels A s S i ag ag S con 5 g a a tae EA A 2 S g a td wos woes am sia vn E i 2 Le aonik D KEE Be m L c r A a a wopoguo Cap H 2 ae a a 100570061999 O N D ou LC S E 189d aoquinu Ieuzg d Di BupsuS A8 ap epismo sued A8 uopsposaqunu pnposd me Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE Appendix A A 1 Atmel A2 Assembly drawing Figure 8 2 RF231USB RD assembly drawing top layer a 63 5 mm 19 0 mm xi oma Ic2 eem fie FL J ben a ica CR ER fl T ale e 2 Ge Figure 8 3 RF231USB RD assembly drawing bottom layer Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User
9. be used Contains FCC ID XVV ARM323E00 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Note The RF231USB RD fulfills a Permissive Change Class 1 regarding to FCC Section 2 1043 The internal external antenna s used for this mobile transmitter must provide a separation distance of at least 20cm from all persons and must not be co located or operate in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter Installers must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance This device is approved as a mobile device with respect to RF exposure compliance and may only be marketed to OEM installers Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 38 42018A AVR 08 2012 B 2 Europe ETSI If the device is incorporated into a product the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product to the European harmonized EMC and low voltage safety standards A Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in Annex II of the R amp TTE Directive The manufacturer must maintain a copy of the device documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified powe
10. 0log Brad 40 d 10 d 213 24m The measured range in the real environment is about 230 meters That means that calculation and measurement is nearly comparable Differences may result of position and radiation patterns of the antenna and USB dongle plugged into laptop Notes 1 According to 5 2 Measured at 250kbit sec 3 According to 7 5 5 PCB detail 6 coaxial connector The PCB has a footprint for an U FL coaxial connector X3 U FL R SMT 1 by Hirose This connector was used only for test measurements The footprint is designed according to manufacturer s datasheet 6 The resistor R2 near the feeding pad of X3 protects the RF transceiver against electrostatic discharges of coaxial plugged devices or human contacts The default assembled capacitor C40 enables the antenna feed For a coaxial connection capacitor C40 has to be disassembled and C33 mounted Both capacitors have a value of 22pF Figure 5 13 Board layout coaxial connector g 10 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 27 42018A AVR 08 2012 6 1 6 2 Programming On the ATSAM3S4BA programming can be done using two physical interfaces The primary is the JTAG interface which can be used for debugging as well Optionally programming can be performed using the USB interface How to program the device via all mentioned options is described in detail in the RF231USB RD User Guide 8 JTAG interface The Header X2 see
11. 12 7 Electrical characteristics 7 14 Absolute maximum ratings Stresses beyond those listed in Table 7 1 may cause permanent damage to the board This is a stress rating only functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this manual are not implied Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability For more details about these parameters refer to individual datasheets of the components used Table 7 1 Absolute maximum ratings No Parameter O __ Condition _ Minimum Typical Maximum Unit _7 1 1 Storage Temperature range L E es eer SE 7 1 2 Relative Humidity Non condensing e 800 7 1 3 Supply voltage a Je EE iA ET WE pin volete S ae EE 715 Supply current USB powered 150 MA 7 2 Recommended operating range Table 7 2 Recommended operating range Condition Operating temperature range Top _ Supply voltage Vuss USB powered 4 5 5 0 5 5 V 7 3 Current consumption Test conditions unless otherwise stated Vuss BIM Top 25 C MCU running at 48MHz LEDs off Table 7 3 lists current consumption values for typical scenarios of the RF231USB RD stick Table 7 3 Current consumption specifications Parameter Condition Transceiver in state TRX_OFF i 32 _ mA Transceiver in state RX_ON gt 4
12. 9 IL mA 7 3 1 Current consumption Transceiver in state BUSY_TX 51 mA TX_PWR 3dBm Transceiver in state RX_ON 100 mA _ Flash write access i 7 4 RF characteristics Test conditions unless otherwise stated Vuss 5 0V Top 25 C MCU running at 48MHz LEDs off Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 29 42018A AVR 08 2012 Table 7 4 No Parameter Transceiver characteristics Condition Minimum Typical Maximum 7 4 1 Supported data rates 250 kb s 500 kb s 1 Mb s 2 Mb s 7 4 2 Antenna gain 1 0 2 0 5 0 9 dBi 7 4 3 TX output power 3 0 dBm 7 4 4 Receiver sensitivity Datarate 250kb s 97 dBm Datarate 500kb s 93 dBm Datarate 1Mb s 90 dBm Datarate 2Mb s 89 dBm 7 4 5 Range line of sight 200 m Notes 1 Conducted measurements taken with optional U FL receptacle populated see Section 4 5 1 for reference 2 Determined using a packet error test 10000 transmitted PER lt 1 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 30 42018A AVR 08 2012 8 Abbreviations 802 15 4 AES ASF BB CDC CLKM DBGU S DFU EMI ETSI FCC GCPW GPIO GPNVM IRQ ISM JTAG LDO MAC MCU uC NWA PCBA PLL RF R amp TTE SMD SPI TWI UART USART USB WPAN XTAL ZigBee Atmel IEEE 802 15 4 2003 standard ap
13. Ge Atmel APPLICATION NOTE Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual 8 bit Atmel Microcontrollers Features e High performance low power Atmel 32 bit ARM CORTEX M3 RISC microcontroller ATSAM3S4BA e 256kB High Speed Flash e 48kB SRAM e Wide variety of peripheral components e Onboard 2GB flash memory to store user defined data e Onboard 2 4GHz radio transceiver AT86RF231 and ceramic chip antenna e Powered over USB connector type A soldered on PCB e Three free programmable status LEDs e RF shielding e Interfaces DBGU JTAG USB Introduction This manual describes the RF231USB Reference Design which is equipped with a powerful CORTEX M3 microcontroller in combination with the Atmel 2 4GHz AT86RF231 radio transceiver and an onboard ceramic chip antenna Detailed information is given in the individual sections about the radio stick functionality the available interfaces and the stick design The USB radio stick comes pre flashed with a boot loader and a corresponding tool for uploading of application firmware it is stored on the onboard external 2GB flash memory The stick can be operated as full functional wireless node via the USB port allowing direct communication with the host PC It provides the way to demonstrate wireless software applications and allows adding RF functionality to other hardware Figure 1 Top and bottom view of RF231USB RD stick eme A gt L designed by dresden elekt
14. H OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of Atmel covering or relating to any machine process or combination in which such Atmel products or services might be or are used Mailing Address Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose CA 95131 Copyright 2012 Atmel Corporation Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 42 42018A AVR 08 2012 Altmel Enabling Unlimited Possibilities Atmel Corporation Atmel Asia Limited Atmel Munich GmbH Atmel Japan G K 1600 Technology Drive Unit 01 5 amp 16 19F Business Campus 16F Shin Osaki Kangyo Bldg San Jose CA 95110 BEA Tower Millennium City 5 Parkring 4 1 6 4 Osaki Shinagawa ku USA 418 Kwun Tong Road D 85748 Garching b Munich Tokyo 141 0032 Tel 1 408 441 0311 Kwun Tong Kowloon GERMANY JAPAN Fax 1 408 487 2600 HONG KONG Tel 49 89 31970 0 Tel 81 3 6417 0300 www atmel com Tel 852 2245 6100 Fax 49 89 3194621 Fax 81 3 6417 0370 Fax 852 2722 1369 2012 Atmel Corporation All rights reserved Rev 42018A AVR 08 2012 Atmel Atmel logo and combinations thereof AVR Enabling Unlimited Possibilities SAM BA and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Ltd Other terms and product names may be trademarks of
15. Manual APPLICATION NOTE 42018A AVR 08 2012 33 A 3 Bill of materials Table 8 1 Bill of materials METIER Manuf Part Manufacturer C30 C20 C21 13 C8 C23 C24 C25 C26 C31 C32 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C7 C17 C18 C40 C28 C1 C6 C5 C9 C10 C11 C2 C4 C14 C15 C16 C19 C22 C27 C29 C3 1 IC4 1 IC3 N le ja O A N gt A 1 IC2 1 IC41 1 D1 LED1 LED2 LED3 L2 L1 L3 R7 R3 R6 R11 R13 R14 R15 R24 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 Q2 1 Q1 1 x1 Co ETI Se Se SS oS Atmel RF231USB PCB Solder paste master plate Solder paste master plate Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor iNAND Flash 2GB 802 15 4 2 4GHz radio transceiver 32 bit CPU Voltage regulator LDO 3 3V Suppressor Array Light emitting diode red Light emitting diode yellow Light emitting diode green Ceramic SMD inductance EMI ferrite impedance SMD inductance Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Resistor Crystal 16 0MHz Crystal 18 432MHz USB 2 0 connector type A B side 150um L side 130m 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 TFBGA 153 QFN 32 LOFP 64 MSOP 8 PowerPAD SOT 23 6 SOT 457 0603 0603 0603 WE MK 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 SMD SX 4025 SMD KX 9A win 5 646 19 00 250 01 5 646 19 00 985 00 5 646 19 00 985 00 1nF 10
16. RF231 Chip antenna 2 GByte Flash The critical RF components mounted on the board are encapsulated A RF shielding is affixed at the board top side to house these components to guarantee an EMI shielded environment The ATSAM3S4BA has a flexible clock system Primarily the onboard 18 432MHz crystal clocks a phase locked loop PLL from which the microcontroller core and all of its internal peripheral units are sourced The radio transceiver provides additional clock inputs The soldered USB type A plug represents an USB 2 0 interface and can be used as programming and debugging interface by default It is used to power the RF231USB RD stick The 3 3V supply voltage is generated by a LDO voltage regulator mounted at the bottom side of the board The USB stick is populated with a 2GB flash memory on its bottom side to store user defined data The flash is also intended to be used as mass storage device Board specific information such as board identifier the node MAC address and production calibration values are stored in a special upper memory block of the flash memory A 10 pin connector assembled at the bottom side is designed for programming via JTAG interface A matching programming adapter that is equipped with a 20 pin standard ARM JTAG connector has to be used for this To deliver status information a basic user interface consisting of three LEDs is provided on the board An ERASE pin can be used to delete the flash s conte
17. a grid of vias This way for an external electromagnetic field the board will behave like a coherent piece of metal When a trace is cutting the plane on one side the design should contain vias along this trace to bridge the interrupted ground on other layers Place vias especially close to corners and necks to connect lose polygon ends Feed line Most RF parts are matched to 500 impedance To connect RF parts properly together it is necessary to use a matched RF transmission line like microstrip or Grounded Coplanar Waveguide GCPW Because of the layer construction of the RF231USB PCB and its thickness of 1 0mm a GCPW is favorable because it requires only a small width compared to a microstrip line The calculation of a GCPW refers to top and midlayer 1 The dielectric has a thickness of 380um and a permittivity of 4 4 at 2400MHz The calculation rules for designing a GCPW are very complex A widespread explanation can be found in 4 The calculated and designed GCPW according to 4 has the following properties Figure 5 6 Board layout GCPW properties 0 2mm 0 2mm lt gt 0 6mm e 380um Z 49 80 500 The thickness of top layer copper was simplified assumed with zero PCB details 4 and 5 ceramic antenna with matching network To evaluate the antenna setup a fully assembled board was used to determine the key design parameters for the antenna configuration Because the antenna has to operate in an env
18. as been achieved by implementing a matching network consisting of inductors and capacitors shown in Figure 4 8 Antenna matching is realized with capacitors effective in the line to the 500 balun shown in Figure 4 7 It is optional to retrofit an U FL miniature coaxial RF connector to enable cable based measurements A footprint for an U FL connector is provided on the board in the vicinity of the chip antenna To route the RF signal to the U FL connector C40 must be removed and re assembled on C33 s footprint See Section 4 5 for details on the RF signal routing Board information To identify the board type by software a special memory area described in Section 4 7 1 is used Information about the board contains but is not limited to its unique serial number the MAC address UL and calibration values Stored in the uppermost memory block of the external flash the data are written during board production testing These can be used to optimize system performance For a complete description of all board data features and options please refer to Appendix A MIB data A 4 Table 8 2 Note 1 The board specific information is stored persistently in this flash memory block It must NOT be used competitively from the mass storage device This is assured in the board s delivery condition Pay attention when implementing your own firmware double check if necessary On board peripherals This section describes the important on board periphera
19. cations intended to support or sustain life Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing Inventory Delivery amp Lifecycle Information Atmel ATSAM4S WPIR RD
20. cebenesucdnebeh deneevanes 22 5 3 4 Feed TEE 23 5 4 PCB details 4 and 5 ceramic antenna with matching nebwork 23 5 4 1 nl ue Ki Tue Te EE 24 5 4 2 Range measurement 0 c cceectceeceesteeeesestteedecntdesdaeendesdaceneeocenetiensons 26 5 5 PCB detail 6 Coaxial CONMECHON w c c ccccedsccicencenesseecdenetdescendecoeceeetdendeestde dees 27 6 Programming E 28 G21 DTAG INTC EE 28 6 2 USB interface ROM bootloader AA 28 7 Electrical characteristics ccsseesseeseeeeeeeeseeseeeeseesseeeseesseeeneeees 29 TA Absolute maximum ratings aaaea aara ie ees heres 29 7 2 Recommended operating ANGE ss c sccsesssceessasecesersacceesssscssnsscesceassceeneseee eves 29 Z CUPTFE NE CONSUMPTION s 2 oes tdeees sca nntdesdncetsecdnesecs ddteoviesdheabiecdneouaen donovan Ad t 29 TA ARF CHAraCteriStiCSs oc ccccsecseaecHcside sda catenctaeesucdnnencssdnmetiecdhaavie eir ebe Zaeeb d en t eeg 29 D Abbreviations ee 31 Appendix A PCB design data 32 PAS E E EE 32 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 2 42018A AVR 08 2012 Ac2 sASSEMMBIY GRAWING EEE T T 33 A3 _Bilof E EE 34 A4 MIB datas ccianti asic eda ba iiarielltaineiti anita asicls Mav derais 36 Appendix B Radio certification E 38 B 1 lUnited States FCC cccdncciasccaccngsigincacdeceacteeciadatcn d en See eck RCgen eg Ree r p 38 BZ Europe ETSI siccee sci ccpeeoseeseuncctesece scinonde debes
21. ctors 3 2 1 USB interface The connector for the RF231USB RD radio stick X1 is USB type A chassis plug Figure 3 1 USB type A connection 3 2 2 10 pin connector The 10 pin connector X2 with its 2 x 5 pins of 1 27mm 50mil pitch is directly accessible from the USB stick bottom side Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 6 42018A AVR 08 2012 Figure 3 2 10 pin connector with footprint receptacle aE EEO CR Ka SPER LEL ha 1 27 mm pitch Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 7 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 1 Functional description The Atmel RF231USB RD stick carries a high performance Atmel CORTEX M3 microcontroller which connects to the radio transceiver AT86RF231 and various peripheral units The block diagram of the RF231USB RD USB radio stick is shown in Figure 4 1 The Atmel AT86RF2371 interfaces the ceramic chip antenna which is designed at the outermost location of the RF231USB RD stick to provide sufficient signal strength and quality to reach line of sight distances of greater than 200m The transceiver is interfaced by the MCU via SPI and several GPIO lines Two separate IRQ lines are available and routed to MCU pins optionally acting as timer inputs CLKM outputs the transceiver clock Figure 4 1 Functional overview block diagram vcc 3 3V VUSB vcc 4 5 5 5V JTAG DBGU USB ATSAM3S4BA lt SPIO AT86
22. ed data Two on chip low dropout voltage regulators provide the internal analog and digital 1 8V supply The transceivers further contain comprehensive hardware MAC support Extended Operating Mode and a security engine AES to improve the overall system power efficiency and timing Radio transceiver reference clock CLKM The integrated radio transceiver is clocked by a 16MHz reference crystal The 2 4GHz modulated signal is derived from this clock Operating the node according to IEEE 802 15 4 3 the reference frequency must not exceed a deviation of 40ppm The absolute frequency is mainly determined by the external load capacitance of the crystal which depends on the crystal type and is given in its datasheet The radio transceiver reference crystal Q2 shall be isolated from fast switching digital signals and surrounded by a grounded guard trace to minimize disturbances of the oscillation Detailed layout considerations can be found in Chapter 5 The RF231USB RD uses a SIWARD SMD SX 4025 crystal with two load capacitors of 12pF each To compensate for fabrication and environment variations the frequency can be further tuned using the radio transceiver register XOSC_CTRL 0x12 refer to 2 Appendix C The reference frequency is also available at the CLKM pin of the radio transceiver and depending on the related register setting It is divided by an internal prescaler thus clock frequencies of 16MHz 8MHz 4MHz 2MHz 1MHz 250kHz or
23. ement the balun was removed Figure 5 9 Instead a rigid cable with SMA connector was soldered to the balun unbalanced pin pad 1 to interconnect the RF line with a network analyzer NWA Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 24 42018A AVR 08 2012 Figure 5 9 Antenna tuning test board without RF shielding To avoid sheath currents it is important to use a ferrite bead fixed on the coaxial cable The bead should be as close as possible at the DUT see Figure 5 10 The use of a second bead at the coaxial port of the NWA is also practical Furthermore the RF shielding with a cutout at one side is placed on its appropriate footprint Figure 5 10 DUT with metal shielding plugged into laptop coaxial cable with ferrite bead At first the device has to be calibrated for network analyzer measurements This is done by preparing three additional devices one with a 500 load another one with a short circuit and the last one with an open end The reference point for all devices is the matching part L3 Because of the existing 0402 footprint it is easy to create a load short and open end After calibration the DUT has to be measured without matching parts L2 L3 and C41 The resonance behavior depends on the measurement position and all influencing elements in the vicinity Without matching parts the antenna resonance frequency is too high Figure 5 11 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Ma
24. ge is defined by a packet error rate of 1 that means if 100 packets failed during a transmit test of 10 000 packets the test will be stopped and the maximum distance is reached The needed hardware consists of two battery powered laptops with side mounted USB sockets where the USB sticks are plugged Each laptop is placed on the top of a tripod with a height of 1 40 meters Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 26 42018A AVR 08 2012 According to a calculation with the Flat Earth Model in respect to the given values a maximum distance of about 213 meters should be reachable The Flat Earth Model describes a flat electrical conducting plane on which two radio devices are placed located in the height h and the distance d for which applies d gt gt h The propagated wave will be received directly and indirectly respective mirrored on the flat plane The path loss is higher fourth power than within a theoretical free space environment square power Parameters Height transmitter hy 140m Height receiver h 1 40m Transmit power Pex 3 0 dBm Receive power Prx dBm Transmitter antenna gain Gry 0 5 dBi Receiver antenna gain Gx 0 5 dBi Sensitivity Sens 97 0 dBm Distance d m Path loss Lp dBm Flat Earth Model Ly Gex Gx 20l0g hix 20log h 40log d Pre Pix Lp Rearranged to d and setting sens D Pat Gtx Grx Prx 20log htx 2
25. h Clock Erase MCU flash Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 42018A AVR 08 2012 For a description of component signals see Table 4 2 Table 4 2 Signal description list Signal name Function Type Active level Comments DDM USB Full Speed Data Analog DDP USB Full Speed Data Digital TCK Test Clock Input onboard Pull up TDI Test Data In Input onboard Pull up TDO Test Data Out Output TDM Test Mode Select Input onboard Pull up RSTN Microcontroller Reset UO Low Pull Up resistor URXDO UART Receive Data Input UTXDO UART Transmit Data Output 4 2 Power supply Both ATSAM3S4BA microcontroller and AT86RF231 radio transceiver are powered over the USB connector type A soldered on the PCB The available 5V VUSB voltage is transformed to the required 3 3V by the voltage regulator LDO 3 3V IC1 which is integrated into the power supply line and mounted at the bottom side of the board Figure 4 2 Voltage regulator C 8 1 VUSB IN OUT VCC 6 EN pp 4 c2 lcs CA 3 4 UF FB 100rF Jup 2 5 n c GND E n c GND H TPS7943DGN D ND ND 4 3 Microcontroller The Atmel SAM S is a family of flash microcontrollers based on the high performance 32 bit ARM Cortex M3 RISC processor It operates at a maximum speed of 64MHz and features 256Kbytes of flash and 48Kbytes of SRAM The ATSAM3S4BA device 1 is a medium range general purpose microc
26. ironment different from that of the manufacturer s evaluation board the correct frequency tuning has to be verified The antenna tuning was realized by using a matching circuit described in the following sections The used ceramic antenna 2450AT43B100 by Johanson Technology is optimized for PCB edge mounting There are ground planes on two sides of the antenna intersected with vias The space between antenna and ground plane has no copper The placement as shown in Figure 5 8 occurs according to manufacturer s datasheet 5 The matching of the chip ceramic antenna is done by inductors L2 and L3 placed near the antenna feed pad Figure 5 7 and Figure 5 8 The capacitor C41 is not assembled The matching network in this case has the task to match the antenna feed point impedance to 500 to establish a proper RF performance Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 23 42018A AVR 08 2012 Figure 5 7 Board layout matching circuit schematic ANT1 m 2450AT43B100 500hm i wL enD GND 500hm G dk af Eat Copper cut out area Ground copper area Ground vias 5 4 1 Antenna tuning The behavior of a radiation device depends on the application environment In this case the USB dongle was optimized to be plugged directly into an USB port of a laptop The fact that available laptops have different positions and numbers on USB ports will be neglected For antenna measur
27. k allows adding RF functionality to other hardware or kit deliveries e Wireless gateway for PC hardware for example Reference design for wireless passive infrared camera Atmel kit ATSAM4S WPIR RD e Point to point connection between PCs wireless UART Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 5 42018A AVR 08 2012 3 Mechanical description The RF231USB RD is manufactured using a four layer printed circuit board The components mounted on the top side are ATSAM3S4BA microcontroller and low power radio transceiver AT86RF231 including their crystal oscillators 2 45GHz antenna and the SMD mounted USB type A plug The bottom side of the board is equipped with the following components and connectors among other 2GB additional flash chip 10 pin connector three status LEDs ERASE and VCC pins voltage regulator for power supply 3 1 Dimensions Due to size constraints components are placed on the top side as well as on the bottom side of the board The USB plug is mounted on edge of the board Board width and height were chosen so that multiple USB sticks will fit beside each other in standard USB hubs Board length is determined by size of the ground plane which is approximately A 2 for 2 4GHz band Table 3 1 RF231USB RD mechanical dimensions Length x 63 5mm including USB plug Width y 19 0mm FOE 5 5mm without JTAG debug header 9 9 5mm with JTAG debug header 3 2 Interface conne
28. le the ground connection in between the capacitors should be the crystal housing contact too resulting ina robust and stable resonator The resonator block is enclosed within ground traces around it and a plane on the bottom side Do not connect the resonator directly to the plane beneath the block Figure 5 4 Board layout XTAL section PCB detail 3 ground plane routing and feed line design The following sections provide details about analog and digital ground routing the ground plane and the RF transmission line Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 21 42018A AVR 08 2012 5 3 1 Analog GND routing With the Atmel AT86RF231 consider pins 3 6 27 30 31 and 32 as analog ground pins see Figure 5 5 Analog ground pins are to be routed to the paddle underneath the IC The trace width has to be similar to the pad width when connecting the pads and increase if possible some distance from the pad Figure 5 5 Board layout transceiver GND Each ground pin should be connected to the bottom plane with at least one via Move the vias as close as possible It is always desired to integrate the single pin ground connections into polygon structures after a short distance Top bottom and on multilayer boards the inner ground planes should be tied together with a grid of vias When ground loops are smaller than one tenth of the wavelength it is safe to consider this as a solid piece of me
29. ls memory components plugs and connectors as well as other interface and access options to the board Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 15 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 7 1 4 7 2 Flash The Atmel RF231USB RD is populated with a 2GB flash device SDIN5D2 2G for persistent data storage The flash is equipped with a memory controller and has an iNAND flash architecture It complies with e MMC Specification Version 4 4 such that it performs like a Multimedia Card MMC from the MCU view Possible data bit modes are 1bit default and 4bit It is typically applied as mass storage device for user defined data if it is attached to a USB port of a PC In the upper memory block board specific information such as board identifier the node MAC address and production calibration values are stored as described in Section 4 6 In custom implementations it may serve for storing complete firmware images of the Atmel ATSAM3S4BA Note 1 MAC addresses used for this package are Atmel property The use of these MAC addresses for development purposes is permitted Figure 4 9 MCU flash interconnection Ge Ke VDDOORE PA24RTS1 PWMH1 A20PIODCo EI VDDCORE PA25 CTS1 PWMH2 A23 PIODC1 26 MCDA2 PA2 DCD1 TIOA2 MCDA2 PIODC2 37 MCDA3 60 PA27 DTR1 TIOB2 MCDA3 PIODC3 38 MCCDA 46 GND PA2 amp DSR1 TCLK1 MCCDA PIODC4 AA MCCK 17 GND PA29 RI1 TCLK2 MCCK PIODCS 42 MCDAO GND PA30 PWML2 NPCS2 MCDAO WKUP1 1 PIODC6
30. nents necessary to transmit and receive signals according to IEEE 802 15 4 or proprietary ISM data rates A balun B1 performs the differential to single ended conversion of the RF signal to connect the Atmel AT86RF231 to the ceramic antenna passing a tuning line with a network of inductors and capacitors along the line The balun unit s output connections RFN RFP pins 3 4 are directly routed to the differential RF I O pins of the AT86RF231 radio transceiver Refer to Chapter 5 for further information about the antenna tuning Figure 4 7 50Q balun a gt A E De 6 o S oO ne GND QO kd arme Balanced P1 Balanced P2 B1 2450FB15L0001E 3 4 Zz jal i CS a am GND 2 o GND DI wi ce aq X i nN of o IC3 AT86RF231 ZU DIG4 DIG3 avss gt 2 1 Cermic chip antenna connection The ceramic chip antenna is designed at the outermost location of the RF231USB RD stick to enable good transmission properties into the environment Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 14 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 6 4 7 Figure 4 8 RF parts outside RF shielding 2450AT43B1 00 500hm i w end The layout in the vicinity of the chip antenna is designed as a tuning structure a transmission line with inductors and capacitors of defined load impedance to optimize the matching of transceiver and antenna RF tuning and best antenna performance h
31. ns from an optimal layout especially for the RF part in this design Figure 5 3 Board layout RF pin fan out Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 20 42018A AVR 08 2012 5 2 5 3 The Atmel AT86RF231 antenna port should be connected to a 1000 load with a small series inductance of 1nH to 2nH This is achieved with the connection fan out in between the IC pins and the filter balun balanced feed pins B1 pads 3 and 4 The trace width is kept small at 0 2mm for a length of approximately 1 5mm The dashed area in Figure 5 3 has a midlayer cutout inside the PCB layout The bottom layer is implemented as ground plane Therefore the distributed capacitance between top and bottom is low and transmission lines are rather inductive PCB detail 2 crystal routing Figure 5 4 shows the reference crystal PCB area which requires optimization to minimize external interference and to keep any radiation of 16 000MHz harmonics low The reference crystal Q2 and load capacitors C20 21 form the resonator circuit These capacitors are to be placed close to the crystal The shielded board design ensures immunity against external impairments such as burst and surge Additionally the crystal housing is connected to ground The crystal signal lines should be embedded within ground areas to protect against board internal crosstalk This design rule had to be ignored due to the USB stick space constraints If possib
32. nt Pin assignment In Table 4 1 an overview of the RF231USB RD s pin assignment of components and peripherals together with operating options is given Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 8 42018A AVR 08 2012 Function Table 4 1 Pin assignment of RF231USB RD Comments 56 DDM USB DM 57 DDP USB DP Opin connector X2 53 PB7 TCK SWCLK JTAG TCK pin 1 GND pin 2 49 PB5 TWCK1 PWMLO WKUP13 TDO JTAG TDO pin 3 VCC pin 4 51 PB6 TMS SWDIO JTAG TMS pin 5 39 NRST Reset pin 6 VCC pin 7 30 PA9 URXDO0 NPCS1 PWMFIO Debug RXD pin 8 33 PB4 TWD1 PWMH2 TDI JTAG TDI pin 9 29 PA10 UTXDO NPCS2 Debug TXD pin 10 13 PA19 RK PWMLO A15 AD2 LED1 red 9 PA17 TD PCK1 PWMH3 ADO LED2 yellow 10 PA18 RD PCK2 A14 AD1 LED3 green 35 PA5 RXDO NPCS3 Hardware ID1 34 PA6 TXDO PCKO Hardware ID2 32 PA7 RTSO PWMH3 XIN32 Hardware ID3 20 PA15 TF TIOA1 PWML3 RXTS DIG2 Timestamp 11 PA21 RXD1 PCK1 AD8 SLP TR 21 PA14 SPCK PWMH3 SCK SPI 27 PA12 MISO PWMH1 MISO SPI 22 PA13 MOSI PWMH2 MOSI SPI 28 PA11 NPCS0 PWMHO SELN 47 PA1 PWMH1 TIOB0 A18 IRQ 23 PA24 RTS1 PWMH1 A20 RST Transceiver Reset 36 PA4 TWCKO TCLKO CLKM 55 PB12 PWML1 ERASE 42 MCDAO ext Flash Data 0 52 MCDA 1 ext Flash Data 1 26 MCDA2 ext Flash Data 2 37 MCDA3 ext Flash Data 3 38 MCCDA ext Flash Command 41 MCCK ext Flas
33. ntenna The PCB has to be considered as a part of the antenna it interacts with the radiated electromagnetic wave e Isolate digital noise from the antenna and the radio transceiver to achieve optimum range and RF performance e Isolate digital noise from the 16 000MHz reference crystal to achieve optimum transmitter and receiver performance e Reduce any kind of spurious emissions below the limits set by the individual regulatory organizations The RF231USB is a four layer FR04 PCB with a thickness of 1 0mm All layers are used as ground planes except midlayer two which is used as supply voltage plane Figure 5 1 shows its layer stack Figure 5 1 PCB layer stack 380um Mid 1 i 100um Mid 2 380um Bottom The RF section layout is shown in Figure 5 2 where critical sections are marked by numbers the RF pin fan out of the RF transceiver 1 the 16MHz crystal routing 2 the ground plane routing feed line design 3 the ceramic antenna 4 with matching network 5 and finally the coaxial connector for test measurements 6 Each of them is described in detail in one of the following sections Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 19 42018A AVR 08 2012 Figure 5 2 Board layout RF section 5 1 PCB detail 1 balanced RF pin fan out The reference design of a compact USB dongle with RF part requires compromises originating from geometrical limitations This fact results in deviatio
34. nual APPLICATION NOTE 25 42018A AVR 08 2012 5 4 2 Figure 5 11 S11 and Smith diagram of unmatched antenna a aceomss WT amuen a aoeomes TOR O egen This measurement results in a matching network consisting of L2 1 5nH and L3 2 2nH The second measurement shows a resonance frequency which is about 50MHz higher than the aimed center frequency of 2 45GHz Figure 5 12 Figure 5 12 S11 and Smith diagram of matched antenna a aGeomes bh denen a acgemss TOR zeen gtt nipi OTI If the custom application environment meets the environment used during the measurements the channel dependency of the radiated power can be noticeable That means that working in channel 20 to 26 may result in a higher transmit and receive range than working in channel 11 to 20 Range measurement The resonance behavior of the ceramic antenna itself gives no information about the antenna radiation One available test option is a range measurement A good test site is a wide area free of trees and buildings Compared to an anechoic chamber the chamber allows quantifiable antenna performance values But a real industrial environment may have quite different results of antenna performance because of undefined walls machines humans and other interfering objects in the vicinity The effect of multipath fading must not be underestimated In this case the range test was performed with a firmware testing the packet error rate The maximum transmit ran
35. ontroller with the best ratio in terms of reduced power consumption processing power and peripheral set This enables the ATSAM3S4BA to sustain a wide range of applications including consumer industrial control and PC peripherals Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 10 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 3 1 Clock generator The ATSAM3S4BA has a flexible clock system supporting a large number of clock sources It incorporates both calibrated integrated and external crystal oscillators and resonators The Atmel SAM3S family allows dynamic switching between the following clock sources e Embedded 32kHz RC oscillator e 32 768kHz crystal oscillator e Embedded 4 8 12MHz fast RC oscillator e 3 20MHZz crystal or ceramic oscillator Figure 4 3 Clock generator block diagram Clock Generator Supply Controller From these four different internal clocks are generated Both 32kHz oscillators may trigger the slow clock suitable for low power modes The two remaining sources are inputs to the Main clock as well as to two high frequency phase locked loop PLL clocks whereas variable multipliers and dividers can be applied to generate a wide range of clock frequencies After reset the device will always start up running from slow clock Usually the other clock sources are set up and switched to during initialization In normal operation the system clock source and prescalers can be changed from software at any time A
36. others Disclaimer The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products No license express or implied by estoppel or otherwise to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE ATMEL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALES LOCATED ON THE ATMEL WEBSITE ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT CONSEQUENTIAL PUNITIVE SPECIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS AND PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS OF INFORMATION ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and products descriptions at any time without notice Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein Unless specifically provided otherwise Atmel products are not suitable for and shall not be used in automotive applications Atmel products are not intended authorized or warranted for use as components in appli
37. plicable to low rate wireless Personal Area Network Advanced Encryption Standard Application Software Framework Baseband Communication Device Class Transceiver clock Master clock signal output transceiver Debug Unit Device Firmware Upgrade Electromagnetic interference European Telecommunications Standards Institute Federal Communications Commission Grounded Coplanar Waveguide Generals Purpose Input Output General Purpose Non volatile Memory bit the SAM3S features two GPNVM bits Interrupt Request Industrial Scientific and Medical frequency band Digital interface for debugging of embedded device also known as IEEE 1149 1 standard interface Low drop Output Medium Access Control Microcontroller Unit Network Analyzer Printed Circuit Board Assembly Phase locked Loop Radio Frequency Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive of the European Union Surface Mount Device Serial Peripheral Interface Two Wire Serial Interface Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Universal Serial Bus Wireless Personal Area Network Crystal Wireless networking standard targeted at low power applications Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 31 42018A AVR 08 2012 32 42018A AVR 08 2012 oam
38. r ratings and or installation requirements as specified in the user manual If any of these specifications are exceeded in the final product a submission must be made to a notified body for compliance testing to all required standards The CE marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product The CE mark shall consist of the initials CE taking the following form e If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above graduated drawing must be respected e The CE marking must have a height of at least 5mm except where this is not possible on account of the nature of the apparatus e The CE marking must be affixed visibly legibly and indelibly More detailed information about CE marking requirements you can find at DIRECTIVE 1999 5 EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on 9 March 1999 at section 12 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 39 42018A AVR 08 2012 Appendix C References 1 AT91SAM ARM based Flash MCU SAM3S Series preliminary datasheet doc no 6500 Atmel Corporation Downloadable from http www atmel com images doc6500 pdf AT86RF231 Low Power 2 4GHz Transceiver for ZigBee IEEE 802 15 4 GLoWPAN RF4CE SP100 WirelessHART and ISM Applications Datasheet Rev 8111B MCU Wireless 02 09 Atmel Corporation Downloadable from http Awww atmel com images doc8111 pdf IEEE Std 802 15 4 2006 Wireless Medium Access Control MAC and Phy
39. reference to manufacturing system board_serial 0x1E board specific Board serial number board_id 0x28 0 ID returned by the Xplain ID command features power_class 0x2A 0 1 defines board power consumption rf_connector Ox2A 2 0 whether board has external RF connector available rf_onboard_ant Ox2A 3 1 whether board has onboard antenna s available rf_ant_rangeinfo Ox2A 4 0 whether the antenna is limited in frequency range rf_ant_diversity 0x2A 5 0 whether board supports antenna diversity rf Ina 0x2A 6 0 true receive path contains a LNA rx power readings require recalculation rf_Ina_bypass Ox2A 7 0 whether software has to take care of additional LNA Bypass functions rf_pa 0x2B 0 whether board supports the transceiver PA control feature rf_pa_bypass 0x2B 1 whether software has to take care of additional PA Bypass functions rf_trx_acc_reset 0x2B 2 0 whether transceiver reset has to be activated to access the mib memory antenna options ant_gain 0x2C 0 Measured gain of the RF path ant_range1_start 0x2D 240 ant_range1_stop Ox2E 250 ant_range2_start Ox2F Antenna Frequency Range s ant_range2_stop 0x30 ant_range3_ start X031 ant_range3_stop 0x32 frontend tx_pwr_default 0x33 3 Safe conservative default power setting not violating any regulatory rules pa_gain 0x34 0 Gain of a PA in line with the TX path without considering Atmel saturation effects Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 36 42018A AVR 08 2012
40. ronik f e gt 42018A AVR 08 2012 Table of Contents RUE A 2 e EE A 3 Mechanical Ee 6 g DIMENSIONS seisrigh re ia ESKE AKEE REEERE A a EEEE ENS 6 3 2 interface COMMECIONS eiieeii a a tines Eed EE 6 3 2 1 USB interfaces EEN 6 3 2 2 NO SPIN COMME ce EE 6 4 Functional description 8 dt PIN ASSIQMIMEN hs ssicsicecsnceteecceceesncceneedacchesvceschuatde uaeuyantvecdbesave sdoentde ENEE Ae 8 42 Geet 10 4B IMICKOCOMTOM EE 10 4 3 1 COCK generator E 11 4 3 2 MiCrOGONtHOM ER ClOCK EE 12 4 4 On board radio tranSCeiVer o2 scccccseccsneedosceeevsecueesieeshebtceessbonsneduetbeesbestvesdeee 13 4 4 1 Radio transceiver reference clock CLKM cscs 13 4S RESECUON crasina ade sean deneceavbedstavesercarcduartdesdeens ai aap EEEE iee 14 4 5 1 Cermic chip antenna Connection 14 40 ele Kure Ee EE 15 4AT el lee EE 15 4 7 1 FAS sit ssacveascacanesceesbasedbednendie geet EZE EZE EEAEE ve EEEEE ECKE 16 4 7 2 USB typ A plug EE 16 4 7 3 NO P IM COMIMG CLO es seee a r a E 17 ATA SANUS RE 17 ATS IERASEsand VCC pits aparsan eaaa 18 5 PCB layout description 19 51 PCB detail 1 balanced RF pin fan OUt spinanie 20 5 2 i PCB detail Zeile DE etaeereet e geed Eeler ergeet 21 5 3 PCB detail 3 ground plane routing and feed line design ccecce 21 5 3 1 Analog GND ele eccicssscnsueicenssacccesseeuastesedeccnds auesesancig eis EosT 22 3 2 Digital GND FOUN BEE 22 5 3 3 GND plahe urrienen eonan ie evheete sdncanun
41. s LEDs Flash connector regulator Bottom side The USB radio stick provides programming and debugging interfaces to the user Comprehensive user documentation device drivers as well as a bootloader application which is running on the host PC are stored to the mass storage device The serial bootloader functionality allows uploading of application firmware through the USB connection without the need for extra programming tools This functionality is provided by the bootloader firmware pre flashed to the RF231USB board in delivery condition Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 4 42018A AVR 08 2012 A JTAG interface targets software development Here an Atmel SAM ICE adapter with a suitable programmer has to be connected to the USB stick The boards have to be assembled as shown in Figure 2 2 The RF231USB RD board is attached with its JTAG connector to the SAM ICE adapter The SAM ICE JTAG emulator which is used to program a new image into the ARM MCU on RF231USB RD board is connected to the SAM ICE adapter and to the PC Figure 2 2 USB radio stick left hand with the SAM ICE programmer The RF231USB RD USB radio stick provides the way to demonstrate software applications like e Wireless UART in ASF e Wireless network sniffer for example hardware for third party solutions like Luxoft and Perytons e Complex wireless network solutions for example ZigBee Home Automation The RF231USB RD stic
42. sical Layer PHY Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks LR WPANSs Industrial microwave heating A C Metaxas and Roger J Meredith Institution of Engineering and Technology May 1983 2 4GHz WLAN Home RF Bluetooth Antenna 2450AT43B100 Datasheet 2008 Johanson Technologies Ultra Small Surface Mount Coaxial Connectors 1 9mm or 2 4mm Mated Height Datasheet 2009 Hirose Introduction to Radiowave Propagation Dr Costas Constantinou School of Electronic Electrical amp Computer Engineering University of Birmingham http Awww eee bham ac uk ConstantinouCC Teaching_files Introductory 20Radiow ave 20Propagation ppt AVR2032 RF231USB RD User Guide Downloadable from http Awww atmel com tools ATRF231USB RD aspx AVR2033 SAM ICE Adapter Hardware User Manual Downloadable from http www atmel com tools ATRF231USB RD aspx 10 FCC Code of Federal Register CFR Part 47 Section 15 35 Section 15 205 Section 15 209 Section 15 232 Section 15 247 and Section 15 249 United States 11 ETSI EN 300 328 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters ERM Wideband Transmission Systems Data transmission equipment operating in the 2 4GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques Part 1 3 12 ARIB STD T66 Second Generation Low Power Data Communication System Wireless LAN System 1999 12 14 H11 12 14 Version 1 0 2 3 4 4 5
43. stal oscillator Q1 assembled on the top side of the printed circuit board close to the MCU Connected to XIN XOUT pins 61 and 62 it delivers an accurate clock for the ATSAM3S4BA Since the design is a USB device low power modes are not expected always on Therefore no external 32 768kHz crystal is provided Figure 4 5 18 432MHz crystal connection Q1 18 432 MHz OL 16pF L C17 Sg d IND IND Atmel 3 C18 i ig D ND 62 PB9 XIN PB8 XOUT Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 12 42018A AVR 08 2012 4 4 4 4 1 On board radio transceiver With the AT86RF231 the board is equipped with a low power 2 4GHz transceiver designed for industrial and consumer IEEE 802 15 4 ZigBee RF4CE SP100 and high data rate ISM applications It is tuned with the onboard 2 45GHz ceramic chip antenna Interconnected with the MCU it provides a compact radio interface on a single chip The transceiver comprises the analog radio transceiver and the digital modulation and demodulation including time and frequency synchronization and data buffering The number of external components is minimized such that only the antenna the crystal and decoupling capacitors are required The bidirectional differential antenna pins are used for transmission and reception thus no external antenna switch is needed An internal 128byte RAM for RX and TX buffers the data to be transmitted or the receiv
44. tal The soldering technology used allows the placement of small vias 0 15mm drill within the ground paddle underneath the chip During reflow soldering the vias get filled with solder having a positive effect on the connection cross section The small drill size keeps solder losses within an acceptable limit During the soldering process vias should be open on the bottom side to allow enclosed air to expand 5 3 2 Digital GND routing With the Atmel AT86RF231 consider pins 7 12 16 18 and 21 as digital ground pins Digital ground pins are not directly connected to the paddle Digital ground pins may carry digital noise from UO pad cells or other digital processing units within the chip In case of a direct paddle connection impedances of the paddle ground vias could cause a small voltage drop for this noise and may result in an increased noise level transferred to the analog domain 5 3 3 GND plane Besides the function to provide supply ground to the individual parts the ground plane has to be considered as a counterpart for the antenna Such an antenna base plate is considered as a continuous metal plane Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 22 42018A AVR 08 2012 5 3 4 5 4 For that reason any unused surface should be filled with a copper plane and connected to the other ground side using sufficient through holes Larger copper areas should also be connected to the other side layer with
45. tmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 11 42018A AVR 08 2012 All clock sources are controlled and may be monitored by the Power Management Controller PMC which distributes the clock to all internal functional units Figure 4 4 General clock block diagram XTALSEL Clock Generator Supply Controller XIN32 PA7 O XOUT32 PA8 XIN PB9 O XOUT PB8 O 4 3 2 Embedded 32 kHz RC Oscillator Slow Clock Processor Processor clock Clock ss DEE Controller lt int Sleep Mode Divider D E SysTick SLOK Master Clock Controller 32768 Hz SLCK PMC_MCKR Free running clock c tal e Ge gt _ gt FCLK scillator RING PRES PLLBCK Prescaler Master clock MOSCSEL 11 2 3 4 8 4 gt MCK platens FELACK 116 32 64 4 8 12 MHz Peripherals Fast IRC Oscillato Clock Controller PMC_PCERx Main Clock ON OFF sole MAINCK gt periph_clk Crystal or Ceramic Resonator Programmable Clock Controller Se i PMC_PCKx SLCK MAINCK ON OFF PLLA and 4 PLLBCK Prescaler Divider 2 PLLA Clock PLLACK 11 12 14 18 pekt 116 32 64 PLLACK USB Clock Controller PMC_USB PLLACK USB Clock ee PLLB Clock d Sulen F GE EE an g PLLBCK 1 2 8 16 Divider 2 Control Power Management Controller Microcontroller clock The RF231USB RD is populated with an external 18 432MHz cry
46. tuessanstcbevsectenodvactieevtostveevnenteb ver 39 Appendix C FGISIONCOS stinnir oean aas 40 Appendix D Revision history RF231USB DCHRA 41 Appendix E EVALUATION BOARD KIT IMPORTANT NOTICE 42 Atmel Atmel AVR2030 ATRF231USB Hardware User Manual APPLICATION NOTE 3 42018A AVR 08 2012 1 Disclaimer Typical values contained in this application note are based on simulations and testing of individual examples Any information about third party materials or parts was included in this document for convenience The vendor may have changed the information that has been published Check the individual vendor information for the latest changes 2 Overview The compact designed RF231USB radio sticks are based on the efficient CORTEX M3 microcontroller architecture with 256kB High Speed flash and 48kB SRAM 1 Additional 2GB flash memory to store user defined data is provided with the RF231USB RD it is usable as mass storage device Operating at the transmission frequency of 2 4GHz the ATMEL low power transceiver AT86RF231 2 is integrated It provides a complete radio transceiver interface between the antenna and the microcontroller and an extended functional range such as a 128 Bit AES hardware engine to assure data security Figure 2 1 Main components RF shield removed USB plug Microcontroller MCU ceramic antenna MCU clock XTAL Transceiver and clock XTAL Top side ERASE VCC Status 2GByte 10 pin Voltage pin

Atmel AVR2030: ATRF231USB - Hardware User Manual

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