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ASCII BASIC CoProcessor Manual for HE693ASC900

1. The ASCII BASIC Module may be placed in any slot of the PLC backplane Follow the instructions in the PLC manual for module insertion and removal 2 2 The Console Device To program the ASCII BASIC Module the user must connect a console device to the primary RS 232 port This device may be either a dumb terminal or ahost computer running terminal emulation software Cable wiring diagrams canbe found in Appendix A The console device must be configured to a baud rate of 50 to 38 400 baud with no parity 8 data bits and one stop bit Software or XON XOFF handshaking is implemented by the ASCII BASIC Module s primary port upon initial power up Once connected follow these steps to initialize communications with the module 1 Apply power to the PLC rack 2 Press the SPACE bar on the console device The ASCII BASIC Module will automatically determine the baud rate at which the space character ASCII 32 was received and should respond with a full screen of sign on status information If no response is obtained or if the module responds erratically recheck the cable wiring and communication parameters power cycle and try again The prompt characters 0 gt are issued by the ASCII BASIC Module to indicate that it is in command mode and is ready to accept commands The 0 indicates that program number 0 is currently selected 2 2 1 Using a Host Computer A host computer may be used as the console device if a terminal emulation s
2. 1 1 ASCII BASIC Module features 1 2 Hardware description 1 2 1 Microprocessor 1 2 2 Module Reset Options 1 2 3 Primary Serial Port 1 2 4 Flexible Memory Configuration 1 2 5 Firmware Memory 1 2 6 Data Memory 1 2 7 Program File Memory 1 2 8 PLC interface 1 2 9 Secondary Serial Port CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 2 1 Module Placement 2 2 The Console Device 2 2 1 Using a Host Computer 2 22 TERM Dumb Terminal Emulatio 2 3 Configuring the PLC CHAPTER 3 BASIC PROGRAMMING OVERVIEW 3 1 What is BASIC 3 2 Operating Modes 3 3 BASIC System Elements 3 3 4 Stack Structure 3 3 2 Control Stack 3 3 8 Argument Stack 3 3 4 The Line Editor 3 4 BASIC Program Elements 3 4 1 Executable Statements 3 4 2 Line Numbers 3 4 8 BASIC Programs 3 4 4 Numeric Values 3 4 5 Integer Values 3 4 6 Floating point Values 3 4 7 Numeric Constant Values 3 4 8 Operators 3 4 9 Variables 3 4 10 Array Variables 3 4 11 Numeric Expressions 3 4 12 Relational Expressions Page 1 1 Page 1 1 Page 1 1 Page 1 2 Page 1 2 Page 1 2 Page 1 2 Page 1 2 Page 1 2 Page 1 2 Page 1 3 Page 2 1 Page 2 1 Page 2 1 Page 2 2 Page 2 2 Page 3 1 Page 3 1 Page 3 1 Page 3 1 Page 3 1 Page 3 1 Page 3 2 Page 3 2 Page 3 2 Page 3 2 Page 3 3 Page 3 3 Page 3 3 Page 3 3 Page 3 3 Page 3 3 Page 3 4 Page 3 5 Page 3 5 Page 3 5 Page iii Page iv 3 5 3 4 13 String Expressions 3 4 14 Special Function Op
3. RI Always High Output Primary Port Cable Pinouts The pinouts on the next page show connections of common devices to the ASCII BASIC Module s primary RS 232 port These pinouts are typical and do not represent all possible connections Appendix A 2 APPENDIX A Serial Port Wiring 9 PIN MODULE AT COMPATIBLE SHIELDED MULTI CONDUCTOR _ ee TXD 3 3 RXD RXD 2 2 TXD CTS 8 8 RTS RTS 7 7 CTS GND 5 5 GND DB9 DB9 FEMALE 15 METERS MAX MALE Personal Computer with 9 pin RS 232 port 25 PIN MODULE AT COMPATIBLE SHELTER MULTI CONDUCTOR PRIMARY PORT TXD e 3 RXD RXD 3 2 TXD CTS 5 8 RTS RTS 4 7 CIS GND 7 5 GND DB9 DB9 MALE FS 15 METERS MAX MALE Personal Computer with 25 pin RS 232 port 25 PIN MODULE SERIAL PRINTER SHIELDED MULTI CONDUCTOR PRIMARY PORT RXD 3 2 TXD DSR 6 7 CIS GND 7 5 GND DBS DBS MALE M 15 METERS MAX gt MLE Typical Serial Printer 25 PIN MODULE MODEM po EE TE eae PRIMARY PORT TXD 3 3 RXD RXD 2 2 TXD CTS 4 8 RTS RTS 5 7 ts GND 7 5 GND DB9 DB9 MALE 2 15 METERS MAX m MALE Typical Modem APPENDIX A Serial Port Wiring Appendix A 3 A 2 Secondary Port Wiring The secondary serial porthas connections for b
4. Exponential floating point values can range from 1E 127 to 99999999E 127 3 4 7 Numeric Constant Values Some commands and statements require the use of a CONSTANT argument This means that a variable or expression is not allowed Constants can be floating point values but some cases will require integers 3 4 8 Operators An operator performs a predefined operation on variables and or constants Operators require either one or two operands Typicaltwo operandor DYADIC operators include addition subtraction multiplication and division Operators that require only one operand are often referred to as UNARY operators and include SIN COS and ABS Page 3 4 CHAPTER 3 Basic Programming Overview 3 4 9 Variables A VARIABLE is an area of memory that is referenced in BASIC statements by a user defined NAME Values may be assigned to the variable and the variable s value can at any time be obtained Variable names must start with a letter A to Z and can contain upto 8 letters or numbers including the underscore character Thefollowing are examples of valid variable names FRED VOLTAGE1 I3 AIR CYL Variables are allocatedin a static manner This means that each time a new variable is defined BASIC will allocate a portion of memory 8 bytes specifically for that variable This memory cannot be de allocated on a variable by variable basis For example if you execute a statement like Q 3 you cannot late
5. The two examples shown below can be considered identical example 0210 FORI 1TO4 0210 FORI 1TO4 0 gt 20 PRINT 0 gt 20 PRINT I 0 gt 30 NEXT I 0 gt 30 NEXT 0 gt RUN 0 gt 40 END 0 RUN 2 1 3 2 4 3 4 SEE ALSO STOP CONT E ERC o e SYNTAX ERC ERC is a READ ONLY special function operator that will only return a meaningful result while in RUN mode If used in COMMAND mode zero is always returned In RUN mode ERC returns the type of arithmetic error that last occurred The ERC special function operator is typically used in an error trapping routine see the ONERR statement The value returned by ERC will be one of 5 values No errors ERC 0 Division by zero ERC 10 Arithmetic overflow ERC 20 Arithmetic underflow ERC 30 Bad argument ERC 40 Note that when ERC is read it is set to zero This means that a variable should be used to store the error type if multiple error type tests are to be performed SEE ALSO ONERR 1 EXP SYNTAX EXP expr The EXP Operator returns the number e 2 7182818 raised to the power of the numeric expr example 0 gt PRINT EXP 1 0 gt PRINT EXP LOG 2 2 7182818 2 SEE ALSO LOG PAGE 4 26 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 FOR TO STEP NEXT SYNTAX FOR var start expr TO end expr STEP inc expr NEXT var The FOR TO STEP NEXT statements are used to execute iterative loops or loops that are executed a specified number of times
6. Execute the Logicmaster 90 software Enter the Configuration Package from the Main Menu F2 Selectthe proper folder Choose I O Configuration from the Configuration Menu lt F 1 gt Cursor over to the slot containing the ASCII BASIC Module Select Other F8 and Foreign F3 The following screen will be displayed RACK Mi l l pcm 2TTITXENN SGTIENMU SCINEEEN SIUDNNENO GICREDS UPCDONENBS e a o SERIES 98 38 MODULE IN RACK 3 SLOT SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION Catalog it FOREIGN FOREIGN MODULE Module ID 3 ZI Ref fidr zI8881 Byte 1 EEN Byte 9 A ZI Size Byte 2 66666066 Byte 18 A zQ Ref fidr Q6061 Byte 3 68 Byte 11 68 zQ Size Byte 4 66 Byte 12 68 AI Ref Adr zAIG GG1 Byte 5 68 Byte 13 68 Al Size 7 8 Byte 6 66 Byte 14 66 AQ Ref fidr AQBH1 Byte 7 A Byte 15 68 zRQ Size E 8 Byte 8 66 Byte 16 66 OFFLINE LM 6 ABM PRG ABM CONFIG VALID IREPLACE Cursor down to the Al starting address and enter the starting address for the 8 Al registers associated with the ASCII BASIC Module Cursor down to the Al size and enter the number of 6AI registers for the ASCII BASIC Module 8 Cursor down to the AQ starting address and enter the starting address for the 8 AQ registers associated with the ASCII BASIC Module Cursor down to the AQ size and enter the number of AQ registers for the ASCII BASIC Module 8 Cursor over to byte 1 and enter a 1
7. Followingthe RESET the ASCII BASIC module will perform its reset sequence and then enter its baud rate detection mode TheFIRST character received by the module mustbe aSPACEcharacter in order forthe module to properly calculate the baud rate and initiate communication When the SPACE bar is pressed on the host computer s keyboard the module will respond with the following signon status message GE Fanuc Series 90 30 ASCII Basic Coprocessor Module V2 0 C Copyright 1989 1990 Horner Electric Inc DATAMEMORY 32K bytes present from 0 to 32767 7FFFH No program exists in DATA memory 1537 bytes occupied MTOP 32767 7FFFH 31231 bytes free PROGRAMFILE MEMORY 32K bytes present from 32768 8000H to 65471 FDFFH 0 program s exist in PROGRAM FILE memory 16 bytes occupied 32239 bytes free SYSTEMSTATUS AUTORUN Program number for automatic execution is 0 STARTUP Startup mode is set to 0 BREAK Control C break checking is enabled CLRMEM Data memory initialization is enabled BAUD Stored primary port baud rate is 9600 Ready 0 If the module responds erratically reset the module and try again If the response is still erratic recheck the communication parameters and try again Page 9 2 CHAPTER 9 Getting Started 9 2 Entering a Simple Program After the 0 gt prompt character is displayed enter and LIST the following simple program example 0 gt 10P 0 gt 65535 P O gt LIST 10 PRINT 6553
8. 11 RXD X X M 10 RXD 9 TERM CTS 6 RTS CTS X X 14 RTS X X RTS 8 CTS RTS 15 CTS GND 7 GND pace DBIS DB1S F 1500 METERS MAX MALE Secondary Port Both RS 232 and RS 422 RS 422 SHIELDED MULTI CONDUCTOR SECUNDAS SRT MASTER DEVICE FN TWISTED PAIR INDARY RXD x X 12 TXD RXD t 13 TXD TXD X X 11 RXD TXD T 10 RXD 9 TERM CTS TT oO TTTT T 7 7 6 RTS CTS T 14 RTS RTS X T X 8 CTS RTS 15 CTS GND 7 GND DBIS DB15 MALE MODULE SECONDARY PORT 12 TXD 13 TXD Modules on the end of the 11 RAD multi drop network 10 RXD should have pins 9 amp 10 connected 9 TERM together far 4 rts proper termination 14 RTS i 8 CTS A 1 15 CTS i 7 GND TO OTHER MODULE S SECONDARY PORTS DB15 MALE Secondary Port RS 422 Multidrop APPENDIX A Serial Port Wiring Appendix A 5 A 3 Modem Port Wiring The modem port is a standard RJ 11 phone line connection The wiring for this port is shown below Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 RJ 11 Port Pinout Appendix A 6 APPENDIX A Serial Port Wiring This page has intentionally been left blank APPENDIX B Reserved Word List Appendix B 1
9. Greater than or equal Operator Less than or equal Operator gt lt lt CHAPTER 6 STRING HANDLING 6 1 6 2 6 3 What are STRINGS Combining strings How strings are stored Page 4 48 Page 4 48 Page 4 49 Page 4 49 Page 4 50 Page 4 51 Page 4 52 Page 4 52 Page 4 52 Page 4 53 Page 4 53 Page 4 54 Page 4 54 Page 4 55 Page 4 56 Page 4 56 Page 4 57 Page 4 57 Page 4 58 Page 4 58 Page 4 59 Page 4 60 Page 4 60 Page 4 61 Page 4 62 Page 5 1 Page 5 1 Page 5 2 Page 5 2 Page 5 2 Page 5 2 Page 5 2 Page 5 3 Page 5 4 Page 5 4 Page 5 4 Page 5 4 Page 5 4 Page 5 5 Page 6 1 Page 6 1 Page 6 1 PREFACE PREFACE 6 4 Strings in Relational Expressions CHAPTER 7 ERROR HANDLING 7 1 7 2 ERROR Messages 7 1 1 Invalid syntax 7 1 2 Invalid argument 7 1 3 Arithmetic underflow 7 1 4 Arithmetic overflow 7 1 5 Division by zero 7 1 6 Out of data 7 1 7 Can t continue 7 1 8 While programming 7 1 9 Argument stack overflow 7 1 10 Control stack overflow 7 1 11 Internal stack overflow 7 1 12 Array size exceeded or not specified 7 1 13 Memory allocation 7 1 14 Invalid line number 7 1 15 Only program 0 may be edited 7 1 16 Nothing to save i 7 1 17 Specified program does not exist Warning Messages 7 2 1 WARNING Extra input ignored 7 2 2 WARNING String length exceeded CHAPTER 8 THE PLC INTERFACE ASCII BASIC register mapping Asy
10. INP INPUT INSTR INT LCASES LD LEFT LEN LET LOG MID MTOP NOT ON GOSUB ON GOTO ONERR ONPORT ONTIME OR OUT PHO PH1 P POP PRINT PUSH READ REM RESTORE RET RIGHT Page 4 19 Page 4 20 Page 4 20 Page 4 21 Page 4 21 Page 4 21 Page 4 22 Page 4 22 Page 4 23 Page 4 23 Page 4 24 Page 4 24 Page 4 25 Page 4 25 Page 4 25 Page 4 26 Page 4 27 Page 4 27 Page 4 28 Page 4 28 Page 4 29 Page 4 30 Page 4 31 Page 4 31 Page 4 32 Page 4 32 Page 4 33 Page 4 34 Page 4 34 Page 4 34 Page 4 35 Page 4 35 Page 4 36 Page 4 36 Page 4 37 Page 4 37 Page 4 38 Page 4 38 Page 4 38 Page 4 39 Page 4 40 Page 4 40 Page 4 42 Page 4 42 Page 4 43 Page 4 43 Page 4 44 Page 4 44 Page 4 45 Page 4 45 Page 4 46 Page 4 46 Page 4 47 Page 4 47 Page 4 47 Page v Page vi 4 3 RND RTRAP RIS RUN operator SETCOM SETINPUT SGN SIN SIZE SPC SQR ST STOP STRING STR TAB TAN TIME TIMES UCASE USING VAL XBY XOR Interrupt Priority CHAPTER 5 ARITHMETIC AND RELATIONAL OPERATORS 5 1 5 2 5 3 Operator precedence Arithmetic Operators Addition Operator Subtraction Operator Multiplication Operator Division Operator Exponentiation Operator MT x Va Relational Operators Equal Operator gt Not Equal Operator Greater than Operator VA Less than Operator
11. TAN POP N ho SYNTAX POP expr expr expr The POP statement when used with the PUSH statement provides a means of passing parameters to BASIC subroutines via the BASIC ARGUMENT STACK Note that more than one value may be POPped with one POP statement The last value PUSHED onto the ARGUMENT STACK is always the first value POPped off of the ARGUMENT STACK The following example shows how the PUSH and POP statements can be used to swap two variables example 0210 A 5 B 10 0220 PRINT A B 0230 PUSH A B 0 gt 40 POP A B 0 gt 50 PRINT A B 0 gt RUN 510 105 SEE ALSO PUSH MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 45 CH 4 PRINT Lose EU SYNTAX PRINT 4 expr list The PRINT statement directs the ASCII BASIC Module to output data to the specified serial device The value of expressions strings literal values variables or test strings may be manipulated by the PRINT statement The various forms may be combined in the expr list by separating them with commas If the character is appended to the PRINT keyword data will be sent to the AUXILIARY serial device otherwise the data is sent to the PRIMARY serial device Normally a carriage return line feed sequence is PRINTed following the last item in the expr_list If the list is terminated with a comma the carriage return line feed will be suppressed When numeric values are PRINTED a leading SPACE is included if the value is positive otherwise the minus
12. The module selects this format following RESET SEE ALSO PRINT SPC TAB PAGE 4 60 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 VAL aT SYNTAX VAL string_ expr The VAL function returns the numeric value of the string expr The string expr should be a sequence of characters that can be interpreted as a numeric value The VAL function will stop reading the string expr at the first character that is non numeric The VAL function will ignore leading SPACE and TAB characters If the first non white character of the string_expr is non numeric the VAL function will return zero example O gt STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 3 14 and more characters 0 gt PRINT VAL 0 3 14 0 gt PRINT VAL STR PI 3 1415926 SEE ALSO STR XBY SYNTAX XBY adaress The XBY operator is used to assign or retrieve a value to one of the battery backed DATA memory or PROGRAM FILE memory locations in the ASCII BASIC module The XBY operator returns and expects an 8 bit value ranging from 0 to 255 inclusive The address parameter is a numeric expression and must solve to an integer value between 0 and 65535 inclusive This operator is useful in applications that use several different programs in the PROGRAM file Data can be placed in the DATA memory using the XBY operator and then retrieved by a program invoked with the CHAIN statement The DATA memory used by the ASCII BASIC firmware varies between models However ALL models reserve
13. This is a test 0 gt PRINT 0 This is a test This feature allows quite complex string manipulation WITHIN the string operators example 0 gt PRINT LEFT MID UCASE Horner Electric 8 4 3 ELE The CR and SPC operators may also be used in string concatenation example 0O gt PRINT This is CR CHR 10 really SPC 12 a test This is really a test 6 3 How strings are stored Character string variables used in an ASCII BASIC program are allocated memory using the STRING statement discussed in chapter 4 When the STRING statement is executed the module will allocate the specified amount of memory starting from MTOP down For example example 0 gt STRING 257 31 will allocate 257 bytes of memory for string storage If MTOP is set to 32767 string memory will begin at 32767 257 or 32510 All ofthe memory from this address through the MTOP address is allocated for string storage The first string variable 0 will begin at 32510 and will occupy 32 bytes The first byte at 32510 is reserved as the length byte for the 0 variable This byte contains the number of characters contained the string variable Page 6 2 CHAPTER 6 String Handling Initially the length of all strings is set to 0 The remaining bytes from 3251 1 through 32542 contain the characters that comprise the 0 string variable The second string variable 1 immediately follows at address 32543 Note that no terminat
14. This is because all programs even null programs contain an end of file character example 0 gt 10 FOR 121280 TO 1334 REM Display the program 0 gt 20 PRINT XBY I 0230 NEXT I O gt PRINT SIZE 54 SEE ALSO FREE MTOP MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 53 CH 4 7 FA SPC SYNTAX SPC expr The SPC function will return a character string comprised of the number of SPACE characters ASCII 32 specified by the numeric expr example O gt PRINT SPC 20 Horner SPC 10 Electric Horner Electric 0 STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 This is SPC 10 a test 0O gt PRINT 0 This is atest SEE ALSO TAB SQR SYNTAX SQR expr The SQR operator returns a square root of the expr The expr is a numeric expression that must solve to a positive value The value returned will be accurate to 5 on the least significant digit example 0 gt PRINT SQR 9 0 gt PRINT SQR 45 0 gt PRINT SQR PI PI 3 6 7082035 3 1415926 SEE ALSO EXP PAGE 4 54 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 ST Fr SYNTAX ST expr expr expr The ST statement allows the programmer to store floating point values anywhere in the module s DATA memory The expr is a numeric expression that represents the DATA memory address where the value is to be placed The last value PUSHed onto the ARGUMENT STACK is copied to the specified DATA memory address Each floating point value requires 6 bytes of storage The expr represents the HIGHEST m
15. 00000001 This signifies to the PLC that the ASCII BASIC Module is an intelligent module Cursor down to byte 2 and enter the STARTUP MODE 0 1 and 2 are valid entries for this parameter STARTUP MODE is discussed in detail in chapter 4 The configuration screen should now look exactly the same as the screen shown above with the exception of the starting address for the Al and AQ registers CHAPTER 3 Basic Programming Overview Page 3 1 CHAPTER 3 BASIC PROGRAMMING OVERVIEW 3 1 What is BASIC BASIC is an acronym for Beginner s All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code It was created in 1964 by two professors at Dartmouth University as atooltoteach the fundamentals of computer programming Itis an interactive interpreted language ideal for this industrial application Those already familiar with the BASIC language should have little difficulty programming the ASCII BASIC Module This manualis nota Howto Write Programs in BASIC guide The commands and statements available in the ASCII BASIC Module are very adequately described and demonstrated in the examples Hundreds of texts have been written to teach good efficient BASIC programming consult your local library 3 2 Operating Modes The ASCII BASIC Module operates in two states or modes 1 COMMAND MODE Active whenever the prompt character gt is presentto signify that the module is ready to accept commands and statements from the console device No BASIC progr
16. 4 5 and 6 would be moved and would now be accessed as programs 3 4 and 5 respectively Program 0 will always be SELECTed following a DELPGM command When an asterisk is used as the argument to the DELPGM command ALL of the programs stored in the PROGRAM file memory are deleted The module will display the following prompt prior to erasing the programs Are you sure Y N If a Y is entered all programs in the PROGRAM file will be erased If any other key is pressed in response the DELPGM command is ignored and the module will return to command mode Note that the DELPGM command does not affect program 0 in DATA memory SEE ALSO EDIT SAVE SELECT DIAG SYNTAX DIAG The DIAG command invokes the ASCII BASIC Module s firmware diagnostic routine These diagnostic routines will functionally test most of the circuitry on the ASCII BASIC Module When the DIAG command is entered the module will respond with the following message ASCII Basic Module Firmware Diagnostics V 3 00 c Copyright 1991 1995 Horner Electric Inc The diagnostics will run continuously until any key is pressed Press Y to begin If the user types any key other than Y the ASCII BASIC module will return to command mode and the DIAG command is ignored If the user types Y in response to the DIAG prompt the firmware diagnostic routines will run The result of each test will be displayed as it is executed When all tests have completed the tes
17. ESC pm p 7 for reversed video p 0 for normal video Invisible cursor ESC i Visible cursor lt ESC gt v Appendix F 12 APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual This page has intentionally been left blank
18. SELECTO 0210 P This is my second ASCII BASIC program O gt SAVE 2 Ready 0 gt DELPGM1 By deleting program number 1 the new program number 2 was shifted into program number 1 Since the STARTUP and AUTORUN modes are stillin affectfor program 1 to be executedfollowing a RESET the new program will now be executed Reset the ASCII BASIC module to verify this example This is my second ASCII BASIC program APPENDIX A Serial Port Wiring Appendix A 1 APPENDIX A SERIAL PORT WIRING A 1 Primary Port Wiring The ASCII BASIC Module features two serial ports The PRIMARY or programming port follows the RS 232 standard It may be connected to RS 232 devices in a point to point fashion over a distance of 50 feet The SECONDARY portis RS 422 RS 232 and optionally Modem compatible When connected in RS 422 mode the secondary port may be connected to one or more devices over a total network distance of 4000 feet The PRIMARY port is typically connected to a dumb terminal or more commonly an IBM compatible personal computer In this manual all cable diagrams feature pinouts labelled according to function and not to the EIA standard Inthe table below the ASCII BASIC Module s RS 232 pinout is listed with the designation used in the wiring diagrams of this manual Also listed is the direction of the signal 5 GND Signal Ground N A 6 DSR Always High Output CTS Clear To Send Input BW RTS Request To Send Output
19. STRING 257 15 0220 BREAKO 0 30 0 PASSWORD L 0 0 40 GOSUB 100 1 1 INKEY 0550 IF LEN 1 lt LEN 0 THEN 40 0 gt 60 IF 0 1 THEN 80 0 gt 70 1 GOTO 40 0 gt 80 BREAK 1 GOTO 40 0 gt 100 Rest of program REM Initialize the clock REM If a key is pressed exit REM Wait for 3 seconds REM No key pressed disable CTRL C REM Allocate string storage REM Disable CONTROL C REM Define the password REM Read the keyboard REM If not enough chars continue REM Otherwise see if strings match REM If not set input string to null REM Otherwise enable CTRL C PAGE 4 16 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 CHAIN SYNTAX CHAIN expr The CHAIN statement will immediately transfer program control to the program specified by the numeric expr The specified program is executed starting at it s first line number If the specified program does not exist the CHAIN statement is ignored and execution will resume with the statement following the CHAIN statement The expris a valid expression that solves to an integer value between 0 and 254 inclusive any other value will cause an Invalid argument error If the CLRMEM 0 option is in force all string array dimension and variable values are preserved between CHAINs If the CLRMEM 0 option is NOT in force all variables and strings will be set equal to zero CHAIN will always clear any pending ONERR ONTIME or ONPORT interrupts SEE ALSO
20. TERM in terminal mode Only COM ports that are present in the host computer are displayed for selection 3 4 Baud Rate Selection Item number two 2 on the configuration menu pertains to the Baud rate selection or data transmission rate used by TERM in terminal mode During the display of the configuration menu the 2 key may be pressed to select any ofthe following values 110 300 600 1200 1800 2400 3600 4800 9600 19200 38400 or 57600 baud If higher baud rates are to be selected 19200 and up the cabling distance should be kept to a minimum 3 5 Parity Type Selection Item number three 3 onthe configuration menu pertains to the type of parity used by TERMinterminal mode During APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual Appendix F 7 the display ofthe configuration menu the 3 key may be pressed to select any ofthe following values None Even Odd Marking or Spacing parity Parity is a sort of built in mode of error checking for RS232 communications To simplify set the parity to that of the device to which you are communicating 3 6 Data Bit Selection Item number four 4 on the configuration menu pertains to the number of RS232 data bits that are transmitted and received by TERM in terminal mode During the display of the configuration menu the 4 key may be pressed to select 5 6 7 or 8 data bits Again set this number to that of the device to which you are communicating 3 7 Stop Bit Selection It
21. The var is a numeric variable that will be incremented each time the NEXT statement is executed The start expris a numeric expression whose value is assigned to the var upon entry into the FOR statement The end expr is a numeric expression that the var will be compared to each time the NEXT statement is executed The inc expris a numeric expression whose value is added to the var each time the NEXT statement is executed Each time the NEXT statement is encountered the var is compared to the end expr If the var is less than the end expr program control is transferred back to the statement following the FOR statement and the var is incremented by inc expr If the var is greater than or equal to the end expr control resumes with the statement following the NEXT statement If the STEP and inc expr are omitted the inc expr defaults to 1 example 0210 FORI21TO4 0220 PRINT 0230 NEXT I 0 gt RUN O The inc expr may be a negative value thus the varis actually decremented each time through the loop example 0210 FOR I 4 TO 1 STEP 1 0220 PRINT 0230 NEXT I 0 gt RUN NOA The varis very useful for accessing variable array elements among other things For example consider an array containing the number of days in each month example 0 gt 110 FOR X 1 TO 12 0 gt 120 PRINT There are MONTH X days in month X 0 gt 130 NEXT X The FOR NEXT loop may be used in COMMAND mode provided the entire sequence will fit on a s
22. a line number to follow the RUN command The ASCII BASIC Module does not permit such a variation on the RUN command the RUN command will always cause execution to begin with the first line number To obtain the same functionality as the RUN line num syntax use the GOTOf line num statement instead MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 7 CH 4 Note that variables and BASIC interrupts are not cleared if the CLRMEM 0 option is in force and CONTROL C can be disabled using the BREAK 0 option SEE ALSO GOTO RUN operator Fo SAVE za SYNTAX SAVE integer The SAVE command will copy the currently selected program into the specified program number in the PROGRAM file The integer value must be between 1 and 254 inclusive If no integer is specified or if storing the program using the specified number would leave a gap in program numbers the program is copied into the next available program space in the PROGRAM file PROGRAM NUMBERS IN PROGRAM FILE MEMORY WILL ALWAYS REMAIN CONTIGUOUS STARTING WITH PROGRAM NUMBER 1 After SAVE is entered the ASCII BASIC Module will respond with the program number that the stored program will occupy in the PROGRAM file memory This number is used when accessing the program with the AUTORUN SELECT CHAIN EDIT and DELPGM commands If the program number specified already exists in the PROGRAM file the existing program and all subsequent programs in the PROGRAM file are moved and the selected program will be i
23. an arithmetic operation exceeds the lower limit of an ASCII BASIC floating point number an Arithmetic underflow erroris generated The smallest floating point number that the ASCII BASIC Module can process is or 1E 127 Arithmetic overflow Ifthe result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the upper limit of an ASCII BASIC floating point number an Arithmetic overflow error is generated The largest floating point number that the ASCII BASIC Module can process is or 99999999E 127 Page 7 2 CHAPTER 7 Error Handling Division by zero If zero appears as the denominator in a division operation a Division by zero error is generated Out of data If a READ statement is executed and no DATA statement exists or all of the data in the DATA statement s has been READ without execution of a RESTORE statement an Out of data error is generated Can t continue Program execution can be halted by either typing a CONTROL C to the console device or by execution of a STOP statement Normally program execution can be resumed by executing the CONT command however if the user modifies the program after halting execution and attempts to execute the CONT command the CAN T CONTINUE erroris generated While programming If an error occurs while the ASCII BASIC Module is storing a program into the PROGRAM FILE memory this error is generated This error should only occur when the program being stored is larger than the available PROGRAM FILE memor
24. but not limited to loss of profitor revenues loss of use ofthe products orany associated equipment damage to associated equipment cost of capital cost of substitute products facilities services or replacement power down time costs or claims of original purchaser s customers for such damages To obtain warranty service return the product to your distributor with a description ofthe problem and ina suitable package Page ii PREFACE ABOUT THE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The example programs and program segments in this manual and provided on the accompanying diskettes are included solely for illustrative purposes Due to the many variables and requirements associated with any par ticular installation Horner APG cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams Itis the sole responsibility of the system designer utilizing the ASCII BASIC Module to appropri ately design the end system to appropriately integrate the ASCII BASIC Module and to make safety provisions for the end equipment as is usual and customary in industrial applications as defined in any codes or standards which apply The programming examples shown in this manual have not been tested with the ASC900 ASC920 or the ASC940 Contact Horner APG Tech Support for specific help on an example or for an updated manua when available at 317 916 4274 PREFACE TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
25. console device or by the execution of a STOP statement program execution can be resumed from where it was interrupted by entering the CONT command While program execution is halted the value of variables may be examined and or modified The CONT command may not be used if the program has been modified or if the program was terminated due to an ERROR example 0 10 FORI 1 TO 1000 0 20 PRINTI 0 30 NEXTI 0 RUN 1 2 3 CONTROL C TYPED ON CONSOLE DEVICE STOP In Line 20 Ready O gt PRINT 6 0 gt 1 9999 0 gt CONT 9999 10000 SEE ALSO BREAKQ STEP STOP PAGE 4 4 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 DELPGM SYNTAX 1 DELPGM integer SYNTAX 2 DELPGM The DELPGM command is used to erase one of the programs from the PROGRAM file memory The integer is a numeric constant that refers to the program number stored in the PROGRAM file memory The integer may be any value between 0 and 254 inclusive If the integer value refers to a nonexistent program in the PROGRAM file memory a Program does not exist error message is generated If the integer value is zero the program in DATA memory is erased This is exactly the same as entering the NEW command If the erased program was followed by one or more programs in the PROGRAM file the subsequent programs are shifted by one to fill the gap For example if six programs are stored in the PROGRAM FILE and the user erased program number 3 using the DELPGM command programs
26. execution of the CLOCK 1 statement the special function operator TIME is incremented once every 5 milliseconds When the millisecond clock is running the ASCII BASIC program will execute at about 99 8 of its normal speed The CLOCK 0 statement is used to STOP the millisecond clock After execution of the CLOCK 0 statement the special function operator TIME is no longer incremented Following a power up or reset the millisecond clock is STOPPED SEE ALSO TIME FTIME ONTIME TIME DATE CLRMEM SYNTAX 1 CLRMEM 0 SYNTAX 2 CLRMEM 1 If the CLRMEM 0 statement is executed the ASCII BASIC Module will NOT clear any of the DATA memory following a power up or RESET condition or prior to running a CHAINed program This option allows the user to retain program 0 in DATA memory without the danger of losing the program following a RESET If the CLRMEM 1 statement is executed the ASCII BASIC Module WILL clear DATA memory up to MTOP following a power up or RESET condition This means that if program 0 exists in DATA memory it will be lost and the value of any variables will be initialized to zero following a power up or RESET SEE ALSO CLEAR CLEAR I CLEAR S NEW RUN CHAIN PAGE 4 20 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 CMDPORT SYNTAX CMDPORT tae The CMDPORT statement is used to assign the programming console to the desired serial device The console is the port used for entering commands statements and program
27. ine num list The expr is a numeric expression that must evaluate to an integer value from zero to the number of line numbers in the line number list If the expr is less than zero or greater than the number of line numbers in the list an Invalid argument error is generated After the successful execution of the ON GOSUB statement when a RETURN statement is encountered program control will resume at the statement following the ON GOSUB statement In the following example if X is equal to 0 program control will transfer to the subroutine at line 100 If X is equal to 1 the subroutine at line 200 is executed If X is 2 we GOSUB line 300 and if X is 3 line 400 will be executed example 0210 ON X GOSUB 100 200 300 400 SEE ALSO GOSUB GOTO ON GOTO ON GOTO rr SYNTAX ON expr GOTO ine num line num line_num The ON GOTO statement will evaluate the expr and transfer program control to one of the specified line numbers in the ine_num list The expr is a numeric expression that must evaluate to an integer value from zero to the number of line numbers in the line number list If the expr is less than zero or greater than the number of line numbers in the list an Invalid argument error is generated In the following example if X is equal to 0 program control will transfer to line 100 If X is equal to 1 line 200 is executed If X is 2 we GOTO line 300 and if X is 3 line 400 will be executed example 0
28. italic print and will be fully described in the text for the operator or statement MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 1 CH 4 CHAPTER 4 COMMANDS AND STATEMENTS 4 1 System Commands The commands described in this section can only be executed while in command mode Any attempt to use these commands on a BASIC program line will cause an Invalid syntax error The following commands are discussed in this section AUTORUN EDIT BREAK HELP CONT LIST DELPGM LIST DIAG NEW NULL STARTUP RESET STATUS RUN STEP SAVE SELECT PAGE 4 2 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 AUTORUN SYNTAX AUTORUN integer The AUTORUN command is used to configure the program number that the ASCII BASIC Module will automatically execute following a power up or RESET condition The integer is a numeric constant that refers to the program number stored in the PROGRAM file memory The integer may be any value between 0 and 254 inclusive Note that the module must be placed in STARTUP mode 2 before it will run the specified program following RESET If the integer value is zero the program in DATA memory program 0 will be executed following a RESET f this is desired the CLRMEM 0 statement should be used to disable the DATA memory initialization retaining program 0 in DATA memory If the specified program does not exist following RESET the module will default to STARTUP mode 1 immediately displaying the sign on status message and entering COMMAND m
29. lies the Dallas 80C320 microprocessor running at 22 1184 Megahertz This configuration yields an instruction execution time of slightly more than six million instructions per second at the assembly level Internal to this chip are 256 bytes of user memory most of which are used by the ASCII BASIC firmware The 80C320 can address upto 64 Kilobytes of external CODE memory thisis where the firmware resides and up to 64 Kilobytes of external DATA memory this space is divided between DATA and PROGRAM space for the ASCII BASIC module Page 1 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 2 2 Module Reset Options The 80C320 microprocessor is equipped with a RESET signal that when active inhibits all processing activity This RESET signal is generated for a short time immediately following power up Resetcan be simulated in software using the RESET command 1 2 3 Primary Serial Port The PRIMARY port located on the front of the ASCII BASIC Module incorporates a 9 pin D type connector for standard cable interface See Appendix A for wiring diagrams This port features automatic baud rate detection and is used for program entry editing and debug It can also be referenced from within the BASIC program during execution There are two LED s Light Emitting Diodes located on the module front panel behind the plastic window that representthe primary port They are labeled according to the RS 232 signal name to which they are connected the GREEN LED will illum
30. lt 0 0O gt PRINT 1 lt 0 65535 0 0 gt 10 IF 0 gt 0 THEN PRINT Less than or equal to ELSE PRINT Greater than Page 5 6 CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic and Relational Operators This page has intentionally been left blank CHAPTER 6 String Handling Page 6 1 CHAPTER6 STRING HANDLING 6 1 What are STRINGS A STRING is a character or several characters that are stored in memory Usually the characters stored in a string make up a word or sentence Strings are useful because they allow the programmer to deal with words instead of numbers an invaluable aidto writing user friendly programs The ASCII BASIC Module supports a ONE dimensional string variable expr The dimension ofthe string value the expr value ranges from 0 to 254 This means that 255 different strings can be defined and manipulated in BASIC Initially NO memory is allocated for string storage Memory is allocated for string storage using the STRING statement described in chapter 4 There are several operators discussed in chapter 4 that are used to manipulate strings CHR INKEY LEN STRING CHR INSTR MID STR DATES LCASES RIGHTS TIMES INBUF LEFT SPC UCASES 6 2 Combining strings The ASCII BASIC module allows string concatenation using the addition operator Whenever astring expression is required by a string operator the addition operator can be used to combine two or more strings example 0 gt STRING 257 31 0 gt 0
31. nested example 0 gt 10 A 0 0 gt 20 DO 0 gt 30 A A 1 0 gt 40 PRINT A 0 gt 50 UNTILA 4 0260 PRINT DONE 0 gt RUN 0 gt 10 A 0 B 0 0 gt 20 DO 0 gt 30 A A 1 0 gt 40 DO 0 gt 50 B B 1 0 gt 60 PRINT A B A B 0 gt 70 UNTILB 3 0 gt 80 B 0 0 gt 90 UNTILA 3 0 gt 100 PRINT DONE O gt RUN com MOON 1 1 1 2 224 236 313 326 339 DONE SEE ALSO DO WHILE FOR TO STEP NEXT DO WHILE SYNTAX DO WHILE rel expr The DO WHILE statements provide a means of loop control within an ASCII BASIC program All statements between the DO and the WHILE re expr are executed as long as the relational expression following the WHILE is TRUE DO WHILE loops may be nested example 0 gt 10 A 0 0 gt 10A 0 B 0 0220 DO 0220 DO 0230 A A 1 0 30 A A 1 0240 PRINT A 0240 DO 0 50 WHILE A lt gt 4 0550 B B 1 0 gt 60 PRINT DONE 0 gt RUN 0 gt 60 PRINT A B A B 0270 WHILE B lt gt 3 0280 B 0 0 90 WHILE A lt gt 2 02100 PRINT DONE 0 RUN SEE ALSO DO UNTIL FOR TO STEP NEXT MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 25 CH 4 END e 1 SYNTAX END The END statement terminates program execution and puts the ASCII BASIC Module into the COMMAND mode The CONT command can not be used to resume program execution if the END statement is used to terminate the program execution a Can t continue error is generated If no END statement is used the last statement in the program will automatically cause the program to END
32. the first 1280 bytes of DATA memory for important system usage If the data at these addresses is modified by the ASCII BASIC program the results will be UNPREDICTABLE If an ASCII BASIC program 0 is present in DATA memory this program is located starting at address 1280 through the size of the program The LEN FREE and MTOP operators can be used to determine how much unused DATA memory is available for general XBY access example 0210 MTOP 32700 REM Protect upper DATA memory 0220 STRING 2026 80 0 30 0 This is a string 0240 FOR l 1 TO 16 REM Store string in protected memory 0 50 XBY 32701 l ASC 0 I 0 gt 60 NEXT 0 gt 70 CHAIN 2 REM Program 2 can now access data stored SEE ALSO SIZE FREE MTOP LD ST MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 61 CH 4 XOR ea w SYNTAX 1 var expr XOR expr2 SYNTAX 2 rel expr1 XOR rel expr2 Using syntax 1 a bit wise XOR function is performed on the two expressions and the result is placed in the var Each binary bit of the two expressions is manipulated as shown in the truth table below EXPR1 EXPR2 RESULT 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 example O gt PRINT 2 XOR 3 0 PHO 55H XOR 0COH 1 95H Using syntax 2 a logical XOR function is performed on the two relational expressions lf one of the relational expressions is TRUE and the other is FALSE a TRUE result 65535 is returned If both relational expressions are TRUE or both are FALSE
33. the programmable controller and the module will allow more flexibility to the system designer 1 1 ASCII BASIC Module features 1 Programmed viathe BASIC programming language very versatile instruction set 2 Eight 16 bit input and eight 16 bit output registers interfacing the ASCII BASIC module to the PLC 3 Very powerful floating point math instructions including logarithmic and trigonometric functions 4 Primary RS 232 communication port for connection to a dumb terminal or host computer for program development 5 Secondary RS 232 RS 485 communication port for connection to an operator interface terminal printer etc 6 Single slot usage low power consumption typically less than 130 mA 180 mA max at 5VDC 7 Asynchronous program execution 1 2 Hardware description The ASCII BASIC Module that you have received utilizes state ofthe art electronic components on afour layer copper clad printed circuit board for electrically quiet operation Two very important precautions should be observed while handling the module 1 NEVER insert or remove the module into or out of the PLC unit while power is applied to the backplane If this practice is repeated eventually the module WILL BE DAMAGED 2 ALWAYS observe reasonable static discharge precautions while handling the module Touch a grounded metal surface to discharge any static buildup before touching the module 1 2 1 Microprocessor Atthe heart of the ASCII BASIC Module
34. values 10 through 15 would all return invalid BCD values If an attempt is made to convert an invalid binary expr to BCD an Invalid argument error is generated example 0210 BINVAL 85 REM Initialize 0220 PRINT BCD BINVAL 0230 BINVAL BINVAL 1 0240 GOTO 20 0 RUN 55 56 57 58 59 ERROR Bad argument In line 20 20 PRINT BCD BINVAL X SEE ALSO BNR BNR SYNTAX BNR bcd expr The BNR operator returns the BINARY equivalent of the bcd expr The bcd expr is a valid numeric expression that solves to an integer value between 0 and 9999 inclusive If an attempt is made to convert an invalid BCD value an Invalid argument error is generated example 0 gt PRINT BNR 9999 39321 SEE ALSO BCD PAGE 4 15 CH 4 BREAK SYNTAX BREAK num MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 N s e e ie In normal operating conditions the ASCII BASIC Module will halt program execution when a CONTROL C character ASCII 3 is received at the PRIMARY serial port This can cause problems under certain circumstances f the PRIMARY serial port is used to communicate with an external device during program execution the CONTROL C character might be used in some sort of communication protocol In this case the programmer must insure that the CONTROL C character does NOT cause the ASCII BASIC program to halt its execution Additionally the programmer may wish to disable the CONTROL C break feature to prevent end users from halting a
35. 0 PRINT Overflow END 02150 PRINT Bad argument END 02110 END SEE ALSO ERC PAGE 4 40 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 ONPORT SYNTAX ONPORT line num The ONPORT statement provides a communications based interrupt function Following the execution of the ONPORT statement the next character received at the specified serial port will cause a BASIC interrupt to be generated and program control is passed to the specified ine num If the character is appended to the ONPORT keyword the AUXILIARY serial port interrupt is armed otherwise the PRIMARY serial port interrupt is armed Once an ONPORT interrupt is generated the ONPORT interrupt is disarmed If subsequent serial interrupts are to be generated the ONPORT statement should be issued from WITHIN the serial interrupt service subroutine The RETI statement must be used in place of the RETURN statement in the serial interrupt subroutine Failure to do this will cause the ASCII BASIC Module to ignore all future timer ONPORT interrupts example 0210 ONPORT 100 0220 ONPORT 200 0 30 IDLE GOTO 30 0 gt 100 PRINT Primary serial interrupt character received was INKEY 0 gt 110 ONPORT 100 RETI 02200 PRINT Auxiliary serial interrupt character received was INKEY 02210 ONPORT 200 RETI SEE ALSO IDLE RETI ONTIME ONTIME F ie SYNTAX ONTIME expr line num The ONTIME statement provides a time based interrupt function The ONTIME statement u
36. 0 PRINT The X coordinate is BCD X 0240 PRINT and the Y coordinate is BCD Y 0250 END 0 gt RUN The X coordinate is 17 and the Y coordinate is 85 The INP operator can also be used to obtain the state of a single BIT in any of the 8 input registers The reg num is a numeric expression that represents the register number 0 to 7 that contains the bit number 0 to 15 represented by bit num An Invalid argument error is generated if either expression is out of range If the specified bit is set 1 a TRUE result 65535 is returned If the specified bit is clear 0 a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0210 FOR X 0 TO 7 REM Do all 8 registers 0220 FOR Y 0 TO 15 REM Do all 15 bits 0230 IF INP X Y PRINT 1 ELSE PRINT 0 REM Display state of bit 0240 NEXT Y REM Do next bit 0250 PRINT REM New line when end of reg 0260 NEXT X REM Do next reg SEE ALSO OUT INPUT SYNTAX INPUT 7 prompt string var var var The INPUT statement will read data from one of the serial INPUT buffers and assign the data to the var s in the variable list If the character is appended to the INPUT keyword the AUXILIARY serial INPUT buffer is read Otherwise the PRIMARY serial INPUT buffer is read One or more variables may be assigned data with a single INPUT statement If more than one variable appears in the INPUT variable list they must be separated by commas f the user does not enter enough data a warni
37. 0 ST 32767 6 l REM Store it 6 bytes per value 0 gt 50 NEXT 0 gt 60 REM Get array 0270 FOR I 0 TO 9 0 80 LD 32767 6 1 0 gt 90 POP B I 02100 NEXT I SEE ALSO ST MTOP FREE SIZE CHAIN LEFT SYNTAX LEFT string expr num The LEFT function will return the leftmost num characters of the string expr example 0 PRINT LEFT Horner Electric 8 Horner E O0 STRING 257 15 0 gt 0 This is a test 0 PRINT LEFT 0 6 This i SEE ALSO RIGHT MID 1 rm LEN eS e oa 9 SYNTAX LEN string expr The LEN function will return the number of characters contained in the string expr example 0 gt PRINT LEN Horner Electric 15 O gt STRING 257 15 0 gt 0 This is a test 0 gt PRINT LEN 0 14 PAGE 4 36 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 LET SYNTAX LET var expr The LET statement is used to assign a variable to the value of an expression Note that the equal sign is not used to test equality instead it causes the value of the var to be replaced by the value of the expr Note also that the keyword LET is always OPTIONAL and may be omitted When the LET keyword is omitted the LET statement is called an IMPLIED LET statement The LET statement is also used to assign values to string variables and special function operators The following examples are ALL valid LET statements example O gt LET A 5 0 gt D 0 15 0 gt 0 Horner Electric 0 gt 10 A 5 0
38. 13 CH 4 In the following example the ASCII value of each character in the string is displayed using the ASC operator example 0 gt 10 STRING 110 10 0 gt 20 0 ABCDEFGHIJK 0 gt 30 FOR l 1 TO 11 0240 PRINT ASC 0 I 0 50 NEXT I 0260 END 0 gt RUN 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 SEE ALSO CHR STR VAL ASC function SYNTAX ASC string var position char The ASC function will replace the character at the specified position in the string var with the ASCII character represented by the numeric expression represented by char example 0210 STRING 110 10 0220 0 abcdefghijk 0 gt 30 PRINT 0 0240 ASC 0 1 75 0 gt 50 PRINT 0 0 60 ASC 0 2 ASC 0 3 0 gt 70 PRINT 0 0 RUN abcdefghijk Kbcedfghijk Kccedfghijk SEE ALSO MID ASC operator ATN SYNTAX ATN expr The ATN Operator returns the trigonometric ARCTANGENT of the numeric expr The argument is expressed in radians an must be between 200000 The calculation is carried out to 7 significant digits example 0 PRINT ATN PI 0 PRINT ATN 1 1 2626272 78539804 SEE ALSO COS SIN TAN PI PAGE 4 14 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 BCD 23 pO oe SYNTAX BCD binary_expr Ee The BCD operator returns the BINARY CODED DECIMAL equivalent of the binary expr The binary expr is a valid numeric expression Note that many values are invalid and cannot be converted to BCD For example the
39. 3 4 The Line Editor An ASCII BASIC command or program line may contain up to 79 characters If an attempt is made to enter more that 79 characters the BELL character ASCII 7 is transmitted from the module and the characters beyond the 79th are ignored During line entry the BACKSPACE character ASCII 8 may be used to perform a rubout operation This will cause the lastcharacter entered to be erased from the line while the cursor is placed at the position of the deleted character If there are no characters to rubout when the backspace key is pressed a BELL character ASCII 7 is sent from the module and the rubout is ignored Once aline has been entered CARRIAGE RETURN has been pressed the program line can no longer be edited If any changes are to be made to the program line the entire line must be reentered Blanks or spaces imbedded in statements except for those in quoted strings and in REM statements are ignored by the ASCII BASIC Module However during the LISTing of programs the module will insert spaces to improve program readability Ifa CONTROL S ASCII 19 is inadvertently entered while the primary port is configured for XON XOFF handshaking the module will appear to lockup This is because the CONTROL S character is the XOFF signal which causes the module to cease transmission until a CONTROL Q ASCII 17 is received If this symptom occurs try pressing CONTROL Qtoresumemodule transmission 3 4 BASI
40. 5 PRINT Ready 0 Now RESET the ASCII BASIC module turn the power off then on and press the space bar once again The module will respond once again with the sign on message At this point attempt to list the program entered previously example O gt LIST Ready 0 9 3 Saving a Program in DATA Memory Notice that the program entered previously is GONE This is because the ASCII BASIC module clears it s DATA memory following a RESET To avoidthis problem enterthe following commands priorto RESETting the module example 0 gt STARTUP 1 0 gt CLRMEMO 0 gt 10P 0 gt 65535 P O gt LIST 10 PRINT 65535 PRINT Ready 0 Now RESET the ASCII BASIC module again This time the space bar need not be pressed to produce the sign on message as the baud rate information was saved when the STARTUP 1 command was entered The module will automatically initialize itself with the stored baud rate and immediately generate the sign on message with no interaction List the program notice thatthis time the program survived through the RESET sequence thanks to the CLRMEM 0 command entered earlier example O gt LIST 10PRINT 65535 PRINT Ready 0 CHAPTER 9 Getting Started Page 9 3 9 4 Using the PROGRAM FILE memory Using the SAVE command programs entered into the DATA memory can be more permanently stored into the PROGRAM FILE memory Erase the program entered earlier and enter the new program as shown example O gt NE
41. 9 Page F 9 Page F 10 Page F 10 Page F 10 Page F 12 Appendix F 3 Appendix F 4 APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION What is TERM TERM is an executable program that may be run on any IBM Personal Computer PC PC XT PC AT or close compatible Essentially TERM simply converts the host computer into a dumb terminal a keyboard and a display screen Utilizing one of the host computer s RS232 COM ports TERM will display characters received at the COM port and will transmit characters that are typed on the keyboard to the COM port Although there are some enhancements discussed in detail later that is TERM s primary function 1 1 Equipment Requirements As stated above TERM will run on any IBM PC PC XT PC AT or close compatible running DOS 2 0 or later with atleast one COM port Atleast one floppy drive is required TERM requires approximately 100K bytes of available RAM memory to run Color displays are supported but not required APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual Appendix F 5 SECTION 2 INVOCATION Running TERM TERM was written with ease of use in mind at all times After TERM has been invoked there will always be help or status messages on the display to inform the user of his her options or to show what operation is currently taking place 2 1 Installing TERM Before running TERM you should make a working copy of the distributi
42. APPENDIX B RESERVED WORD LIST The following is an alphabetic list of all of the ASCII BASIC reserved and key words These words may NOT appear in BASIC variable names KEYWORD DESCRIPTION PAGE AND Logical or bit wise AND 4 12 OR Logical or bit wise OR 4 42 XOR Logical or bit wise XOR 4 61 ABS Returns absolute value 4 12 ASC Returns ASCII character code 4 12 4 13 ATN Returns ARCTANGENT 4 13 AUTORUN Configures the program to run after RESET 4 2 BCD Binary to BCD conversion 4 14 BNR BCD to Binary conversion 4 14 BREAK Enable disables ctrl c break or sets a breakpoint 4 2 4 15 CHAIN Runs PROGRAM FILE memory program 4 16 CHR Returns ASCII character 4 16 CHR Returns ASCII character 4 17 CLEAR Clears all BASIC variables 4 17 CLOCK Starts stops millisecond clock 4 19 CLRMEM Enables disables RESET memory init 4 19 CMDPORT Assigns the console to the specified serial port 4 20 COMBRK Detects or transmits a long break 4 20 CONT Continue program execution after STOP 4 3 COS Returns COSINE 4 21 CR Prints a carriage return no line feed 4 21 CTS Sets or returns the state of the CTS signal 4 21 DATA List of constant data 4 22 DATE Returns real time date 4 22 DELAY Causes the program to pause 4 23 DELPGM Erases a program from the PROGRAM FILE 4 4 DIAG Firmware diagnostics 4 4 DIM Defines max subscript for array variables 4 23 DO Iterative loop control 4 24 EDIT Moves PROGRAM FILE program to DATA memory 4 5 ELSE Conditional
43. ASCII BASIC E HORNER Coprocessor Module APG User Manual for the HE693ASC900 HE693ASC920 and HE693ASC940 RXBO ORXA TXBO OTXA 7 MAY 2002 MANO047 01 PREFACE Page i PREFACE This manual explains how to use the ASCII BASIC I O module and accompanying software for GE Fanuc Series 90 and CEGELEC Alspa 8000 family of Programmable Logic Controllers Copyright c 2002 Horner APG LLC 640 N Sherman Drive Indianapolis IN 46201 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer language in any form by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior agreement and written permission of Horner Electric Inc Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Horner APG LLC Series 90 and Logicmaster are trademarks of GE Fanuc Automation North America Inc Alspa 8000 and P8 are trademarks of CEGELEC MCS and Intel are trademarks of Intel Corporation ProComm is a registered trademark of the Datastorm Corporation WordPerfect is a trademark of WordPerfect Corporation LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Horner APG LLC HE warrants to the original purchaser that the ASCII BASIC module manufactured by HE is free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use an
44. C Program Elements 3 4 1 Executable Statements An ASCII BASIC program is comprised of statements Every statement begins with a line number followed by the statement body andterminated with a CARRIAGE RETURN CR ora colon inthe case of multiple statements per line 3 4 2 Line Numbers Every ASCII BASIC program line must begin with a line number ranging from 0 to 65535 inclusive Line numbers are used to order the program sequentially In any one program a line number can only be used once Lines need not be entered in numerical order because the ASCII BASIC Module will automatically order them in ascending order For example if the following program is entered non sequentially example 0210 PRINT This is line 10 0230 PRINT This is line 30 0220 PRINT This is line 20 0 RUN This is line 10 This is line 20 This is line 30 CHAPTER 3 Basic Programming Overview Page 3 3 Notice that when the program was RUN itwas executed in numeric order notin the order that the statements were entered More than one statement may be placed on a single line if each statement is separated by a colon Only one line number may be used for a single line For example example 0210 PRINT This is line 10 PRINT This is also line 10 0 RUN This is line 10 This is also line 10 Ifaline number is entered that already exists the new line replaces the existing line Therefore to remove aline from a program simply enter the line nu
45. CLRMEM CHR SYNTAX 1 CHR expr SYNTAX 2 CHR string var position This operator is only included in the BASIC instruction set for compatibility with earlier versions of the firmware New programs should use the more versatile CHR operator Using syntax 1 the CHR operator converts the numeric expr to an ASCII character See Appendix D for a list of the ASCII character set The CHR operator CAN ONLY BE USED WITHIN A PRINT STATEMENT example 0 gt PRINT CHR 65 A Using syntax 2 the CHR operator can also pick out characters from within an ASCII string This is done by including the string variable name within the parentheses of the CHR operator followed by the position of the character to pick out example 0 gt 0 Horner Electric 0 gt PRINT CHR 0 1 H In the following example the string is displayed using the CHR operator one character at a time Then the string is displayed in reverse example 0 210 STRING 257 15 0220 0 ASCII BASIC 0 gt 30 FOR l 1 TO 11 0 gt 40 PRINT CHR 0 I 0 50 NEXT 0 gt 60 PRINT 0 gt 70 FOR I211 TO 1 STEP 1 0 80 PRINT CHR 0 I 0 90 NEXT 0 gt 100 END O gt RUN ASCII BASIC CISAB IICSA SEE ALSO ASC CHR MID MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 17 CH 4 ey CHR SYNTAX CHR expr The CHR operator returns a single character string whose ASCII value is expr See Appendix D for a list of the ASCII character set The expr argument
46. DATE SYNTAX DATE The DATE operator is used to assign or retrieve a value to the REAL TIME calendar The real time clock calendar continues to run and maintains the time date even when power is removed from the ASCII BASIC module When the DATE operator is used to retrieve the value of the real time calendar the date is returned in the format shown below When the DATE operator appears on the left side of an assignment statement a string variable or constant that represents the date must appear on the right side This string MUST be formatted as follows MM DD YY where MM is the month 01 to 12 DD is the day of the month 01 to 31 and YY is the year 00 to 99 Delimiting characters shown in the example as slashes must appear between the arguments but may be any character Leading zeros may NOT be omitted This means that the following statement would generate an Invalid argument error example 0 gt DATE 1 1 90 ERROR Invalid argument Ready 0 gt DATE 122590 ERROR Invalid argument Ready The following are valid examples of DATE manipulation example 0 gt DATE 01 01 80 0 gt DATE 1 2 25 92 SEE ALSO CLOCK TIME TIME FTIME MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 23 CH 4 DELAY SYNTAX DELAY expr The DELAY function will cause the module to pause for the number of milliseconds specified by the numeric expr The following example program segment will update the DATE and TIME on the c
47. H H 116 74H t 29 1DH GS 73 49H 117 75H u 30 1EH RS 74 4AH J 118 76H V 31 1FH US 75 4BH K 119 77H w 32 20H SPACE 76 4CH L 120 78H x 33 21H 77 4DH M 121 79H y 34 22H 78 4EH N 122 7AH z 35 23H 79 4FH O 123 7BH 36 24H 80 50H P 124 7CH 37 25H 96 81 51H Q 125 7DH 38 26H amp 82 52H R 126 7TEH 39 27H i 83 53H S 127 7FH DEL 40 28H 84 54H T 41 29H 85 55H U 42 2AH 86 56H V 43 2BH 87 57H W Appendix D 2 APPENDIX D ASCII Character Set This page has intentionally been left blank APPENDIX E Memory Configuration Appendix E 1 APPENDIX E MEMORY CONFIGURATION E 1 ASCII BASIC Memory Map The ASCII BASIC Module is configured with 64K EPROM firmware memory Operating system 32K battery backed RAM data memory Variable storage and 32K EEPROM program memory BASIC program storage Two areas of memory are reserved for the ASCII BASIC module firmware and should NEVER be manipulated by the XBY or ST commands These areas are located from address 0 through address 1536 5FFH and from address 65024 OFEO00H through 65535 OFFFFH DATA memory provides storage memory for BASIC program number 0 the only program that may be edited as well as all variable and string storage space The following table illustrates the DATA memory map 1536 600H 32767 7FFFH PROGRAM FILE memory is the memory usedto store BASIC programs using the SAVE command These programs can be deleted using the DELPGM command b
48. INPUT are echoed The default is 0 echo no edit When nonzero the module will store the BACKSPACE ASCII 8 and DEL ASCII 127 characters as normal ASCII characters When zero the BACKSPACE and DEL characters will perform the BACKSPACE operation deleting the last character from the INPUT buffer The default is 0 enable BACKSPACE and DEL editing terminator An ASCII value 0 to 255 that is to be used as the INPUT termination character The INPUT statement will stop reception and return to the program when this character is received The default is 13 carriage return length An expression whose value represents the maximum number of characters that the INPUT instruction is to receive When this number of characters has been received the INPUT statement will stop reception and return to the program If length is O or greater than 79 the length parameter is disabled The default value is O first wait An integer expression whose value represents the number of milliseconds that the INPUT instruction is to wait for the first character If no character is received within the specified time limit the BASIC program will resume execution If first wait is set to 0 the module will wait forever for the first character The default value is 0 next wait An integer expression whose value represents the number of milliseconds that the INPUT instruction is to wait for subsequent characters If no character is received within the specified ti
49. NG F5 1 0240 FOR l 10 TO 30 STE 0250 PRINT 0 gt 60 NEXT 0 gt RUN 2 3 2 3 2 3 P J 10 1 00 E 0 2 00 E 0 3 00 E 0 1 000 E 0 2 000 E 0 3 000 E 0 1 0000 E 0 2 000 E 0 3 000 E 0 1 0000 E 1 2 0000 E 1 3 0000 E 1 USING This will force all numeric data to be displayed in an integer and or fractional format The number of s that appear before the decimal point determine how many significant digits of the integer portion will be displayed The number of s that appear following the decimal point determine how many significant fractional digits will be displayed The decimal point may be omitted in which case only the integer portion of the value will be displayed The maximum number of characters that may appear is 8 If the value to be displayed is too large to fit in the specified format a question mark is printed and the valued is displayed in the USING O format described below Leading integer zeroes are suppressed example 0 gt 10 PRINT USING 1 2 3 0 gt 20 FOR I 1 TO 120 STEP 20 0 gt 30 PRINT 0 gt 40 NEXT 0 RUN 1 00 2 00 3 00 1 00 21 00 41 00 61 00 81 00 101 USING 0 This argument lets the ASCII BASIC Module determine what format to use The rules are simple if the number is between 99999999 and 1 the module will display integers and fractions If it is out of this range the module will use the USING FO format Leading and trailing zeros are always suppressed
50. NTAX IF rel_expr THEN true statement ELSE false statement The IF THEN ELSE statement provides a means to perform a conditional test The re expr is used to determine which of the statements following the THEN to execute If the re expr evaluates to 65535 or is TRUE the true statement following the THEN is executed Otherwise if the re expr evaluates to zero or is FALSE the false_statement following the ELSE is executed The ELSE portion of this statement is optional and may be omitted If it is omitted and the re expr is FALSE the statement following the THEN is not executed and program control resumes with the statement following the IF statement In the following statement IF A is equal to 100 THEN A would be assigned a value of 0 otherwise A is incremented by 1 example 0210 IF A 100 THEN A 0 ELSE A A 1 If program control is to be transferred to a different line number using the GOTO statement the GOTO keyword may be omitted The following examples are functionally equivalent example 0 gt 10 IF A gt 100 THEN GOTO 50 ELSE GOTO 100 0 gt 10 IF A gt 100 THEN 50 ELSE 100 Additionally the THEN keyword may be replaced by any valid ASCII BASIC statement Again the following two statements are functionally equivalent example 0210 IF A gt 100 THEN PRINT A 0210 IF A gt 100 PRINT A Multiple statements may be placed on same line following an IF THEN ELSE statement using the colon delimiter The additional statemen
51. PLC program blindly updates the BASIC module s INP registers with the second PID channel data without some kind of verification from the module that the data previously written has been read the PLC program might overwrite the INP registers before the BASIC module has finished reading them Additionally the PLC program might attempt to read the BASIC module s OUT registers WHILE the module is in the process of updating them The PLC program might read half of the registers that pertain to one of the PID channels and half that pertain to another To avoid this problem the programs should use one of the INP registers and one of the OUT registers as protocol variables An example implementation is to use the bits of one of the registers as status flags For instance if the OUT 7 register is used as the ABM to PLC protocol variable it could be define as follows OUT 7 0 This bit is used to tell the PLC that new OUT data is available It should be set after the ABM has finished writing the new data to the OUT registers and cleared when the PLC has read the OUT register data when INP 7 1 gets set by the PLC OUT 7 1 This bit is used to tell the PLC that the ABM has read the new INP register data This bit should be set when the ABM has finished reading the INP register data and cleared when the PLC signifies that new INP data is available when INP 7 0 gets set by the PLC Similarly the INP 7 register can be use
52. PRINT 0 lt gt 0 O gt PRINT 1 lt gt 0 0 65535 0 gt 10 IF 0 lt gt 0 THEN PRINT Not equal ELSE PRINT Equal gt Greater than operator Used to test the relation of two values If the first expression is GREATER THAN the second expression a TRUE result 65535 is returned otherwise a FALSE result 0 is returned example O gt PRINT 020 O gt PRINT 120 0 65535 0 gt 10 IF 050 THEN PRINT Greater than ELSE PRINT Less than or equal to lt Less than operator Used to test the relation of two values Ifthe first expression is LESS THAN the second expression a TRUE result 65535 is returned otherwise a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 gt PRINT 0 lt 0 O gt PRINT 0 lt 1 0 65535 0 gt 10 IF 0 lt 0 THEN PRINT Less than ELSE PRINT Greater than or equal to gt Greater than or equal operator Used to test the relation of two values If the first expression is GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO the second expression a TRUE result 65535 is returned otherwise a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 gt PRINT 0 gt 0 O gt PRINT 0 gt 1 65535 0 0 gt 10 IF 0220 THEN PRINT Greater than or equal to ELSE PRINT Less than CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic and Relational Operators Page 5 5 lt Less than or equal operator Used to test the relation of two values Ifthe first expression is LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO the second expression a TRUE result 65535 is returned otherwise a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 gt PRINT 0
53. REM Tell the PLC that registers are available REM Wait for PLC to finish with registers REM Tell the PLC that the registers are busy REM Write the OUTputs REM Done with registers Page 8 4 CHAPTER 8 The PLC Interface This page has intentionally been left blank CHAPTER 9 Getting Started Page 9 1 CHAPTER9 GETTINGSTARTED This chapter will take a new ASCII BASIC programmer through some of the steps required to enter edit store and execute an ASCII BASIC program 9 1 Prepare to Use the Module This chapter assumes that the user has the ASCII BASIC Module s primary port connected to an IBM PC or compatible computer running the supplied TERM EXE dumb terminal emulation program See appendix F After executing the TERM EXE program on the host computer a sign on message will appear and then the CONFIGURATION menu will appear Ifthis menu does not appear simply press F1 The default configuration should be used and sets the communication parameters as follows COM port COM this should be set to the port you are using Baud rate 9600 Parity type No parity Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Handshake type XON XOFF Display mode ASCII The ENTER key on the keyboard can be pressed to invoke these parameters and initiate the terminal mode At this point the ASCII BASIC Module should be RESET After installing the ASCII BASIC Module turn the power to the PLC rack on This will cause the module to reset
54. SIC program Term will capture all characters until the ESCape key is pressed APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual Appendix F 1 1 APPENDIX A ANSI COMPATIBILITY The TERM program supports the following ANSI escape sequences when configured in ANSI display mode In the descriptions below lt ESC gt appears whenever the ESCape character is referenced All of the ANSI escape sequences begin with this character ASCII 1BH 27 decimal Numeric parameters appear initalicprint character The ANSI escape sequences supported by TERM are documented below Set absolute cursor position ESC r cH r rowit 1 to 24 c colt 1 to 80 If unspecified rand c default to 1 If to large rand c default to max Move cursor up lt ESC gt rA r number of rows If unspecified r defaults to 1 If current position r 1 cursor is moved to line 1 Move cursor down lt ESC gt rB r number of rows If unspecified rdefaults to 1 If current position r gt 24 cursor is moved to line 24 Move cursor right lt ESC gt cC c number of columns If unspecified c defaults to 1 If current position c lt 1 cursor is moved to column 1 Move cursor left lt ESC gt cD c number of columns If unspecified c defaults to 1 If current position c gt 80 cursor is moved to column 80 Save cursor position ESC s Restore cursor position lt ESC gt u Erase display lt ESC gt 2J Set graphics rendition
55. SUB 200 02120 RETURN 02200 PRINT I I 02210 RETURN 0 gt RUN SEE ALSO GOTO ON GOSUB ON GOTO GOTO SYNTAX GOTO ine num The GOTO statement will cause BASIC to immediately transfer program control to the specified program line num lf the specified line_num does not exist an Invalid line number error is generated The GOTO statement may be used while in COMMAND mode Unlike the RUN command this action will NOT cause BASIC to clear the variable storage space or BASIC interrupts unless the program has been modified SEE ALSO GOSUB ON GOSUB ON GOTO MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 29 CH 4 Al Te IDLE SS o 9a H SYNTAX IDLE The IDLE statement forces the ASCII BASIC Module to cease all program execution activity until an ONTIME or ONPORT interrupt is generated The programmer must insure that one of these interrupts is pending before executing an IDLE statement otherwise the module will be IDLE forever Once the ONTIME or ONPORT interrupt is generated the module will oreak out of the IDLE mode and will execute the interrupt service subroutine When the RETI statement is encountered program control returns to the statement following the IDLE statement example 0 gt 10 TIME 0 CLOCK1 ONTIME 1 100 0 gt 20 IDLE GOTO 20 0 gt 100 PRINT TIME CR 0 gt 110 TIME 0 ONTIME 1 100 0 gt 120 RETI SEE ALSO ONPORT ONTIME RETI CLEAR PAGE 4 30 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 IF THEN ELSE SY
56. The promptwill always signify the currently selected program the selected program means the program that will be used when the LIST or RUN commands are entered Page 9 4 CHAPTER 9 Getting Started Once a program has been placed into the PROGRAM FILE it can be executed using three methods 1 The user can select the program in the PROGRAM file and then issue the RUN command The first program in the PROGRAM FILE is still currently selected example 1 gt RUN This is my first ASCII BASIC program 2 The user can issue the CHAIN command to select a program from the PROGRAM FILE to be executed In this case it does not matter which program is currently selected example 1 SELECTO Ready O gt CHAIN 1 This is my first ASCII BASIC program 9 The user can configure the module to AUTOMATICALLY execute any program following a RESET This is done by executing the STARTUP 2 command to place the module in STARTUP mode 2 AND by using the AUTORUN command to select which program is to be executed following the RESET example 1 gt STARTUP 2 1 gt AUTORUN 1 Ready 1 gt RESET This is my first ASCII BASIC program 9 6 Deleting a Program from the PROGRAM FILE The DELPGM command is provided to allow programs to be REMOVED from the PROGRAM FILE Enter another program and save it inthe PROGRAM FILE Note that ONLY PROGRAM 0 MAY BE EDITED This means thatthe SELECT 0 command must be entered before the new program can be entered example 1
57. W 0 gt 10 P This is my first ASCII BASIC program 0 gt RUN This is my first ASCII BASIC program Ready O gt SAVE 1 Ready 0 The SAVE command was used to copy program 0 from DATA memory into the PROGRAM FILE memory The module responded with the 1 following the SAVE command to indicate the program s number in the program file memory Since no programs existed prior to the execution of the SAVE command this program was assigned to number 1 orthe first program stored in the PROGRAM FILE At this point two identical copies of the program exist in the ASCII BASIC module the original copy still exists in program 0 in DATA memory while the PROGRAM FILE memory contains a second copy Now use the CLRMEM 1 command to restore the ASCII BASIC module to it s original RESET configuration this means that DATA memory will once again be CLEARED following a RESET example 0 gt CLRMEM1 Now RESET the module again Once the sign on message appears an attemptto list the program in DATA memory will prove thatthe DATA memory has in fact been cleared However the program was copied to the PROGRAM FILE memory so the SELECT command can be used to select the program in the PROGRAM FILE memory example O gt LIST Ready O SELECT 1 Ready 1 gt LIST 10 PRINT This is my first ASCII BASIC program Ready 1 gt Notice that the ASCII BASIC prompt has changed from 0 gt to 1 gt This is because program number 1 is now selected
58. a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 PRINT 2 2 XOR 3 3 0 PRINT 2 2 XOR 3 2 0 65535 SEE ALSO AND OR NOT 4 3 Interrupt Priority All three of the BASIC interrupts ONPORT ONPORT and ONTIME can be armed concurrently The ONTIME interrupt has the highest priority this means that if an ONPORT or ONPORT interrupt service subroutine is being executed when an ONTIME interrupt occurs the ONTIME interrupt will be immediately executed When the ONTIME interrupt service subroutine RETI instruction is executed control is passed back to the ONPORT service subroutine If the ONTIME interrupt is being executed it will run until it s RETI instruction is encountered The ONPORT interrupts cannot supersede the ONTIME interrupt The ONPORT and ONPORT interrupts share equal priority this means that if one of the interrupt service subroutines is being executed and the other interrupt occurs the second interrupt service subroutine will not be executed until the active interrupt service subroutine s RETI statement is encountered If both the ONPORT and ONPORT interrupts occur simultaneously the ONPORT interrupt will take priority over the ONPORT interrupt CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic and Relational Operators Page 5 1 CHAPTERS ARITHMETIC AND RELATIONAL OPERATORS 5 1 Operator precedence The hierarchy of mathematics dictates that some operations are carried out before others If you understand the hierarchy of ma
59. actional portion were also changed accurate second based interrupts would be impossible For this reason the FTIME operator is included The value assigned to FTIME must be less than 1 If a value greater than or equal to 1 is assigned to FTIME an Invalid argument error is generated Note that the value assigned to FTIME is truncated to the nearest 5 milliseconds SEE ALSO TIME CLOCK ONTIME TIME DATE PAGE 4 28 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 GOSUB RETURN el SYNTAX GOSUB ine num RETURN The GOSUB statement transfers program control to the specified program ine num The location of the GOSUB statement is saved on the CONTROL STACK f the specified ine num does not exist an Invalid line number error is generated When a RETURN statement is encountered the location of the GOSUB statement is retrieved from the CONTROL STACK and program control is transferred to the statement following the GOSUB statement These two statements provide a means to incorporate SUBROUTINES A subroutine is a program segment that may be executed from several points in the program Instead of keeping several copies of an identical program segment in the program a subroutine can be created to reduce program size and to ease the program maintenance and debug chores Subroutines may be nested This means that a GOSUB can be used from within a subroutine example 0210 FOR I2 1TO3 0220 GOSUB 100 0230 NEXT I 0240 END 02100 PRINT I 02110 GO
60. alues are 0 RS 232 1 RS 485 and 2 Modem if installed This parameter is only valid when used with the character example 0210 REM Set the PRIMARY port for terminal communications 0220 SETCOM 9600 N 8 1 S 0230 REM Set the AUX port for OIT communications 0240 SETCOM 19200 E 7 1 H 1 NOTE When switching between auxiliary ports 1 second should be allowed for buffer initialization If communications are attempted in this time period it is possible to lose or receive incorrect characters This can be accomplished by using a DELAY command SEE ALSO SETINPUT MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 51 CH 4 SETINPUT SYNTAX SETINPUT no echo no edit terminator length first wait next wait Normally when an INPUT statement is executed it will wait forever for a carriage return character before returning control to the BASIC program The SETINPUT statement allows very versatile configuration of the INPUT statement Only the no echo parameter is mandatory the remain parameters are optional Note however that if an optional parameter is specified all of the preceding parameters must also be specified For example if the ength parameter is specified the no edit and terminator parameters must also be specified The parameters are described in detail below no echo When nonzero characters received during the INPUT statement are not echoed to the transmitting device When zero all characters received during the
61. am is currently being executed The ASCII BASIC Module takes immediate action when a command is entered 2 RUN MODE Active whenever an ASCII BASIC program is currently being executed Commands may not be entered until the program is halted Some of the commands and statements may only be entered while in COMMAND mode while some may only be entered on BASIC program lines Some may be used in both modes The description of each command and statement contains it s allowable usage 3 3 BASIC System Elements 3 3 1 Stack Structure A stack is adedicated area of memory used to store important information regarding program control and expression evaluation The ASCII BASIC Module incorporates the use of two software stacks 3 3 2 Control Stack The CONTROL STACK is usedto store information regarding program control The FOR NEXT DO WHILE and GOSUB RETURN statements will store information on the control stack for use at the bottom of each loop or iteration If too many of these statements are active or nested at one time a Control stack error will result 3 3 3 Argument Stack The ARGUMENT STACK is usedto store information whilethe module evaluates complex expressions The PUSH and POP statements also make use ofthe ARGUMENT STACK Iftoo many values are placed onthe ARGUMENT STACK or the POP instruction is executed when no data is on the stack an Argument stack error is generated Page 3 2 CHAPTER 3 Basic Programming Overview 3
62. ation To do this the module would have to be programmed to establish the connection at which point a password routine could be implemented to allow the remote station access to the COMMAND mode COMBRK SYNTAX COMBRK The COMBRK statement is a special operator that returns or detects a three character time break When used with the PRINT statement the COMBRK function can be used to send the three character break out one of the serial ports This function is particularly useful when attempting to transfer SNP protocol messages from one serial port to another The COMBRK operator may also be used to imbed a three character break inside a string variable SEE ALSO PRINT MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 21 CH 4 COS SYNTAX COS expr The COS operator returns the trigonometric COSINE of the numeric expr The argument is expressed in radians and must be between 200000 The calculation is carried out to seven significant digits example 0 gt PRINT COS PI 4 0 gt PRINT COS 0 7071067 1 SEE ALSO ATN SIN TAN PI CR SYNTAX CR The CR statement is a special operator that returns a single CARRIAGE RETURN character with no LINE FEED When used in the PRINT statement the CR function can be used to create a line on the console device that is repeatedly updated example gt 10 FOR l 1 TO 1000 gt 20 PRINT I CR gt 30 NEXT I The CR operator may also be used to imbed a CARRIAGE RETURN character in
63. ation regarding the current memory usage and some of the BASIC special function operators A sample STATUS display is shown below 0 gt STATUS DATA MEMORY 32K bytes present from 0 to 32767 7FFFH No program exists in DATA memory 1537 bytes occupied MTOP 32767 7FFFH 31231 bytes free PROGRAM FILE MEMORY 32K bytes present from 32768 8000H to 65023 FDFFH 10 program s exist in PROGRAM FILE memory 21452 bytes occupied 10803 bytes free SYSTEM STATUS AUTORUN Program number for automatic execution is 0 STARTUP Startup mode is set to 0 BREAK Control C break checking is enabled CLRMEM Data memory initialization is disabled BAUD Stored primary port baud rate is 4800 MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 9 CH 4 STEP SYNTAX STEP The STEP command will cause the ASCII BASIC module to execute the next BASIC program line and then halt returning to COMMAND mode This single step operation provides a means of tracing program execution If the current program has not yet been RUN or has been modified since the last halt the STEP command will cause the first program line to be executed Otherwise the next line is executed the line number displayed as a result of the BREAK STEP or STOP execution Note that if multiple statements appear on the line to be executed separated by colons all of the statements on that line will be executed The STEP command will follow program execution even if con
64. cter is transmitted from one of the serial ports the printhead position is incremented When the TAB function is used the module will output the correct number of spaces require to move the printhead to the specified column When a carriage return is transmitted the printhead position is reset Note that the printhead position is maintained for both the PRIMARY and AUXILIARY serial devices separately If the expr specifies a position less than the CURRENT print position the TAB function is ignored example 0210 FOR l 1 TO 3 0220 PRINT TAB 5 I TAB 10 I 1 0230 NEXT I 0 RUN on ofa SEE ALSO SPC PRINT MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 57 CH 4 cx TAN SYNTAX TAN expr The TAN operator returns the trigonometric TANGENT of the expr The expr is a numeric expression that solves to a value between 200000 The calculation is carried out to seven significant digits example 0 gt PRINT TAN PI 4 0 gt PRINT COS 0 1 0 SEE ALSO ATN COS SIN P TIME no s SYNTAX TIME TIME is a function operator that is used to assign or retrieve a value to the millisecond clock Following a power up or reset TIME is assigned a value of ZERO After execution of the CLOCK1 statement the TIME operator is incremented once every 5 milliseconds The unit of TIME is seconds when TIME reaches a value of 65535 995 seconds it overflows back to a count of zero When the TIME operator is assigned a value
65. d as the PLC to ABM protocol register INP 7 0 This bit is used to tell the ABM that new INP data is available It should be set after the PLC has finished writing the new data to the INP registers and cleared when the ABM has read the INP register data when OUT 7 1 gets set by the ABM INP 7 1 This bit is used to tell the ABM that the PLC has read the new OUT register data This bit should be set when the PLC has finished reading the OUT register data and cleared when the ABM signifies that new OUT data is available when OUT 7 0 gets set by the ABM The following page contains the example BASIC program for this protocol implementation An example BASIC program using the described protocol CHAPTER 8 The PLC Interface 10 REM Example PID program 20 OUT 7 1 0 OUT 7 0 0 30 GOSUB 1000 40 GOSUB 2000 50 GOSUB 3000 60 GOTO 30 1000 DO UNTIL INP 7 0 1010 OUT 7 1 0 1020 FOR X 0 TO 6 1030 PIDIN X INP X 1040 NEXT X 1050 OUT 7 1 1 1060 RETURN 2000 REM PID loop goes here 2010 RETURN 3000 DO UNTILINP 7 1 3010 OUT 7 0 0 3020 FOR X 0 TO6 3030 OUT X PIDOUT X 3040 NEXT X 3050 OUT 7 0 1 3060 RETURN Page 8 3 REM Clear the protocol bits REM Go read the INPut registers REM Go perform the PID function REM Go write the OUTput registers REM Go do it again REM Wait for the PLC to update the registers REM Tell the PLC that the registers are busy REM Read the INPuts
66. d service The obligation of HE under this warranty shall be limited to the repair or exchange of any part or parts which may prove defective under normal use and service within two years from the date of manufacture or eighteen 18 months from the date of installation by the original purchaser which every occurs first such defect to be disclosed to the satisfaction of HE after examination by HE of the allegedly defective part or parts THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALLOTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED ORIMPLIED INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR USE AND OF ALL OTHER OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES AND HE NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FORHE ANY OTHER LIABILITY INCONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THIS ASCII BASIC MODULE THIS WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO THIS ASCII BASIC MODULE OR ANY PART HEREOF WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECT TO ACCIDENT NEGLIGENCE ALTERATION ABUSE OR MISUSE HE MAKES NO WARRANTY WHATSOEVER IN RESPECT TO ACCESSORIES OR PARTS NOT SUPPLIED BY HE THE TERM ORIGINAL PURCHASER AS USED IN THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE DEEMED TO MEAN THAT PERSON FOR WHOM THE ASCII BASIC MODULE IS ORIGINALLY INSTALLED THIS WARRANTY SHALL APPLY ONLY WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES In no event whether asa result of breach of contract warranty tort including negligence or otherwise shall HE or its suppliers be liable for any special consequential incidental or penal damages including
67. de the dimensioned bounds this error is generated Memory allocation This error is generated when the user attempts to access strings that are outside of the defined string limits Additionally ifthe MTOP system control value is assigned to a value greater than the available DATA memory this erroris generated Invalid line number This error will only occur if the program structure with a BASIC program has been corrupted This will not normally occur butifthe XBY orST statements are used to store data in the area of memory reserved for the PROGRAM file the BASIC program s might be corrupted Only program 0 may be edited This error is generated whenever a BASIC program line is entered while a program other than program number 0 is selected The COMMAND mode prompt will always display the number of the currently selected program Nothing to save This error is generated whenever an attempt is made to SAVE a null program Specified program does not exist This erroris generated whenever the argumentto the SELECT DELPGM or EDIT commands specify a program that does not exist Page 7 4 CHAPTER 7 Error Handling 7 2 Warning messages The following WARNING messages will be displayed under certain circumstances but will NOT cause an executing BASIC program to terminate WARNING Extra input ignored This message is displayed whenever more numeric values are entered during an INPUT statementthan are required For examp
68. ecuting BASIC program the module will generate an error message in the following format example ERROR XXX In line YYY YYY BASIC STATEMENT X Where XXX isthe TYPE of ERROR and YYY isthe line number in the program wherethe error occurred A specific example is example ERROR Invalid syntax In line 100 100 PRINT 1 4 Notice that a dashedline followed by an X is generated below the error ridden line The X signifies approximately where the ERROR occurred in the BASIC line This location may be off by one or two characters or expressions depending on the type and location of the error encountered If an error is encountered while in COMMAND mode only the error TYPE is displayed not the line number or the pointer line Invalid syntax An Invalid syntax error means that either an invalid ASCII BASIC COMMAND STATEMENT or OPERATOR was entered and BASIC cannot process the entry The user should check to insure that the line was typed correctly and that no imbedded BASIC keywords appear in any user variable names Invalid argument An Invalid argument error means that the argument of an operatoris notwithin the limits ofthat operator For example BCD 10 generates an Invalid argument error because 10 can not be converted to a legal BCD value Similarly OUT 0 1 would generate an Invalid argumenterror because the assignment argument for the OUT operator must be between 0 and 65535 Arithmetic underflow Ifthe result of
69. efore the DOWN ARROW key is only pressed once CHAPTER 2 Installation Page 2 3 Display Keystroke Comments RO 01 READ lt S READ Press the READ VRFY key Vey Press the ENTER key this will cause RO 01 ASC9XX the PLC to read the ASCII BASIC ATOBsSAT Module The model number of the module will be displayed i The PLC now prompts for the starting RO 01 ASCOXX address of the 8 AI registers AI08 AI9 AI16 Pressing the 9 key will cause the Al registers to be mapped from AI009 to 6AI016 Pressing the ENTER key will cause RO 01 ASCOXX the PLC to accept the 9 and prompt for the starting address of the AQ registers Pressing the 9 key will cause the AI registers to be mapped from 96AQ009 to AQ016 AQ08 9 E Pressing the ENTER key will cause R0 01 ASCIXX the PLC to accept the 9 The module AQ08 AQ9 AQ16 is now configured RO 01 ASCOXX Pressing the RIGHT ARROW key will n cause the additional configuration STARTUP 0 parameter to be displayed RO 01 ASC9XX Pressing the 0 key then ENTER will cause the STARTUP MODE to be set STARTUP 0 to 0 1 and 2 are also valid selections The STARTUP MODE parameter is discussed in detail in chapter 4 Page 2 4 CHAPTER 2 Installation To configure the PLC for use with the ASCII BASIC Module using Logicmaster 90 1 2 10 T1 12 13 14 15 Install the ASCII BASIC Module into the PLC as described in the PLC documentation
70. em number five 5 on the configuration menu pertains to the number of RS232 stop bits that are transmitted and received by TERM in terminal mode During the display of the configuration menu the 5 key may be pressed to select 1 or 2 stop bits Again set this number to that of the device to which you are communicating 3 8 Handshake Type Selection Item number six 6 on the configuration menu pertains to the type of RS232 handshaking that is to be performed by TERMinterminal mode During the display ofthe configuration menu the 6 key may be pressedto select NONE XON XOFF or RTS CTS handshaking 3 9 Display Type Selection Item number seven 7 on the configuration menu pertains to the display mode of received characters by TERM in terminal mode During the display of the configuration menu the 7 key may be pressed to select ANSI ASCII or HEX display mode When the ASCII mode is selected data received is displayed as ASCII characters When the HEX modeis selected the ASCII value of the characters received are displayed as hexadecimal numbers The HEX mode is useful for debugging communication intensive operations The ANSI display mode is identical to the ASCII mode except that some of the ANSI standard ESCape sequences are supported See appendix A for a complete discussion of the ANSI display mode Appendix F 8 APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual SECTION 4 THE TERMINAL SCREEN Once TERM has been configured the
71. emory address used by the operation For example ST 32767 would actually cause the value to be stored at addresses 32767 32766 32765 32764 32763 and 32762 The LD and ST statements are the only available means of passing variables between CHAINed programs The LD and ST statements allow manipulation of DATA memory and does not check the specified addresses t is possible to specify addresses in DATA memory that interfere with ASCII BASIC Module firmware operations or with the RAM program or string variable operations To avoid problems the programmer should use the SPECIAL FUNCTION OPERATOR MTOP to set aside a protected area of memory for use by these instructions example 0210 REM Save array 0220 FOR I 0 TO 9 0230 PUSH A I REM Put array on arg stack 0240 ST 32767 6 l REM Store it 6 bytes per value 0550 NEXT I 0260 REM Get array 0270 FOR I 0 TO 9 0280 LD 32767 6 1 0 gt 90 POP B I 0 gt 100 NEXT SEE ALSO LD POP PUSH STOP SYNTAX STOP The STOP statement allows the programmer to break program execution at a specific point in the program After the program is STOPped variables can be examined and or modified Program execution may be resumed at the point that it was STOPped using the CONT command provided that the program was not modified The STOP and CONT commands are invaluable program debugging tools and programmers are encouraged to provide line number gaps in thei
72. ent in conjunction with the ST statement allow the programmer to store and retrieve floating point values anywhere in the module s DATA memory The expr is a numeric expression that represents the DATA memory address of the value placed using the ST statement The value is copied starting at the specified address and is placed on the ARGUMENT STACK The value can then be POPped off of the ARGUMENT STACK into a user variable Each floating point value requires 6 bytes of storage The expression specified in the statements represent the HIGHEST memory address used by the operation For example ST 32767 would actually cause the value to be stored at addresses 32767 32766 32765 32764 32763 and 32762 The LD and ST statements are the only available means of passing floating point values between CHAINed programs when the CLRMEM 1 option is in force See CHAIN statement The LD and ST statements allow manipulation of DATA memory and does not check the specified addresses It is possible to specify addresses in DATA memory that interfere with ASCII BASIC Module firmware operations or with the RAM program or string variable operations To avoid problems the programmer should use the SPECIAL FUNCTION OPERATOR MTOP to set aside a protected area of memory for use by these instructions MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 35 CH 4 example 0 gt 10 REM Save array 0 gt 20 FOR I 0 TO 9 0 gt 30 PUSH A I REM Put array on arg stack 0 gt 4
73. ents must be reissued before the interrupts will again be recognized example 0210 TIME 0 CLOCK1 0220 ONTIME TIME 1 100 0 30 IF INT TIME lt gt 3 THEN 30 0240 CLEAR I 0 550 IF TIME gt 6 THEN 20 ELSE 50 0260 REM Timer interrupt subroutine 0 gt 100 PRINT TIME 0 gt 110 ONTIME TIME 1 100 0 gt 120 RETI 0 gt RUN 1 005 2 005 3 005 7 005 8 005 SEE ALSO CLEAR CLEAR S NEW RUN CLRMEM CLEAR S SYNTAX CLEAR S A Se The CLEAR S statement is used to reset the two ASCII BASIC Module stacks the CONTROL stack and the ARGUMENT stack discussed in section 3 3 This statement can be used to purge the stack should an unrecoverable error occur Also this statement can be used as an alternate means to exit a FOR NEXT DO WHILE or DO UNTIL loop example 0210 PRINT Multiplication test you have 5 seconds 0220 FORI 2TO9 0230 N INT RND 10 AS N I 0240 PRINT What is N 1I 0550 CLOCK1 TIME 0 0260 ONTIME 5 200 INPUT R IF R lt gt A THEN 100 0270 PRINT That s right NEXT I 0280 PRINT You did it Good job END 02100 PRINT Wrong try again GOTO 50 0 gt 200 REM Reset the control stack too much time 0 gt 210 CLEAR S PRINT You took too long GOTO 10 SEE ALSO CLEAR CLEAR I NEW RUN CLRMEM MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 19 CH 4 e CLOCK eM SYNTAX 1 CLOCK 1 SYNTAX 2 CLOCK 0 The CLOCK1 statement is used to START the millisecond clock After
74. erators Manual Conventions CHAPTER 4 COMMANDS AND STATEMENTS 4 1 4 2 System Commands AUTORUN BREAK CONT DELPGM DIAG EDIT HELP LIST NEW NULL RESET RUN SAVE SELECT STARTUP STATUS STEP BASIC Statements and Operators 4 2 1 Program Control Statements 4 2 2 Data Manipulation Statements 4 2 3 Serial Port Control Statements 4 2 4 Unary Operators 4 2 5 String Operators 4 2 6 Time Handling Operators 4 2 7 Special Function Operators 4 2 8 Configuration Statements 4 2 9 Logical Operators DESCRIPTION OF STATEMENTS AND OPERATORS ABS AND ASC ASC ATN BCD BNR BREAK CHAIN CHR CHR CLEAR CLEAR I CLEAR S CLOCK operator function Ce VU we Page 3 5 Page 3 5 Page 3 6 Page 4 1 Page 4 2 Page 4 2 Page 4 3 Page 4 4 Page 4 4 Page 4 5 Page 4 5 Page 4 5 Page 4 6 Page 4 6 Page 4 6 Page 4 6 Page 4 7 Page 4 7 Page 4 8 Page 4 8 Page 4 9 Page 4 10 Page 4 10 Page 4 10 Page 4 10 Page 4 10 Page 4 10 Page 4 11 Page 4 11 Page 4 11 Page 4 11 Page 4 12 Page 4 12 Page 4 12 Page 4 13 Page 4 13 Page 4 14 Page 4 14 Page 4 15 Page 4 16 Page 4 16 Page 4 17 Page 4 17 Page 4 18 Page 4 18 Page 4 19 PREFACE PREFACE CLRMEM CMDPORT COMBRK COS CR CTS DATA DATES DELAY DIM DO UNTIL DO WHILE END ERC EXP FOR TO STEP NEXT FREE FTIME GOSUB RETURN GOTO IDLE IF THEN ELSE INBUF INKEY
75. erived using the following formula given the maximum number of characters for each string L and the total number of strings S Mz L 1 S 1 S can not exceed 254 and the maximum value for L is limited only to the amount of available memory example gt 10 8225 REM 25 strings gt 20 L 80 REM 80 characters each gt 30 STRING L 1 S 1 L Whenever the STRING statement is executed the equivalent of a CLEAR statement is also executed The STRING statement should be executed as early as possible in the program after modifying MTOP but before execution of any DIM statements The only way to DEALLOCATE string storage is to execute another STRING statement The CLEAR statement won t affect string allocation PAGE 4 56 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 STR mm os ete SYNTAX STR expr m The STR function returns the string representation of the value of the numeric expr Note that if the result is positive the string returned will contain a leading space example 0 gt PRINT STR PI 3 1415926 O STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 STR INT RND 100 O gt PRINT 0 32 SEE ALSO VAL TAB p s SYNTAX TAB expr E The TAB statement is a special PRINT statement formatting option specifier and may ONLY appear following a PRINT statement The TAB function is used to cause the next PRINTed item to be displayed at the column specified by the numeric expr on the output device Each time a chara
76. erwise the PRIMARY serial port is configured Only the baud const parameter is mandatory the remaining parameters are optional Note however that if an optional parameter is specified all of the preceding parameters must also be specified For example if the stop bits parameter is specified the parity and data bits parameters must also be specified The parameters are described in detail below baud const An numeric constant whose value represents the baud rate to be used by the specified port Valid values are 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 and 57600 The AUXILIARY port is configured to 9600 baud after RESET parity A single character representing type of parity implemented Valid values are N no parity E Even parity and O Odd parity All ports default to N da ia bits A single character representing the number of data bits to be received and transmitted Valid values are 7 and 8 All ports default to 8 stop bits A single character representing the number of stop bits to be received and transmitted Valid values are 1 and 2 All ports default to 1 handshake A single character representing the type of serial handshaking to perform during transmission and reception Valid values are N No handshaking S Software XON XOFF handshaking and H Hardware RTS CTS handshaking All ports default to S port A numeric constant whose value represents the auxiliary port to be used Valid v
77. ey during the display of the terminal screen 5 1 Selecting a File to Download When the lt F2 gt key is pressed a prompt box will appear in the center of the terminal screen and the user is prompted to enter the filename of the file to be transmitted The user may enter up to 50 characters of path filename Once the filename is typed the user must press the ENTER key TERM will then search for the file in the specified directory or in the current directory if no pathname is specified Ifthe file is not found an error message is displayed and the user is returned to the terminal screen If the file exists itis immediately transmitted to the COM device When the entire file has been downloaded the useris returned to the terminal screen The user may abortthe entry of a filename or the download at any time by pressing the ESCape key Below is a list of steps to be taken if difficulties arise while downloading to the module Turn on software handshaking in both the module and TERM XON XOFF Slow down the baud rate in both the module and TERM 9600 or 4800 Reset the module by powering down and back up Verify the integrity of the cable Ensure that the program being downloaded has no tab characters correct line numbers and minimal blank lines Appendix F 10 APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual SECTION 6 lt F3 gt FILE UPLOAD TERM has the ability to store received data into adiskfile T
78. ffects if the PID loop were only executed once each several seconds since the registers passed betweenthe ASCII BASIC module andthe Series 90 30 CPU always contain the most recent reading forthe same type of data The INP register will always contain the most recent analog input value while the OUT register will always contain the most recent value to be sent to the analog output Theinterface becomes more complex if a large quantity of data must be shared between the ASCII BASIC module andthe PLC For example assume that the ASCII BASIC program is to perform several PID loops and that the PID gain values are also to be passed from the PLC to the ASCII BASIC module In this case the eight input and eight output registers will need to be multipurpose Page 8 2 CHAPTER 8 The PLC Interface 8 4 Using a register protocol When more data is to be passed between the ASCII BASIC module and the PLC than will fit in the eight input and eight output registers acommunications protocol must be established in the ASCII BASIC and ladder programs Since the PLC ladder program and the ASCII BASIC program execute asynchronously the protocol must be used to synchronize the transfer of the various sets of data between the two programs As the PLC ladder program begins it will initially write the first PID channel data to the ASCII BASIC module s INP registers The BASIC module will read the data and begin processing the first PID loop Ifthe
79. gful result when used in the RUN mode It will always return a null string in COMMAND mode The INKEY operator will return a one character string that represents the next available character waiting in the serial INPUT buffer If no characters are waiting in the INPUT buffer INKEY returns a null string If one or more characters are available in the INPUT buffer the INKEY operator will REMOVE the character from the buffer and return it in the string If the character is appended to the INKEY operator the AUXILIARY serial INPUT buffer is read otherwise the PRIMARY serial INPUT buffer is read The following program simply reads all characters from the PRIMARY port and transmits them out the AUXILIARY port Likewise all characters received at the AUXILIARY port are transmitted to the PRIMARY port example 0210 PRINT INKEY 0220 PRINT INKEY 0230 GOTO 10 SEE ALSO INBUF INPUT SETINPUT PAGE 4 32 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 INP SYNTAX 1 INP reg_num SYNTAX 2 INP reg_num bit_num The INP operator appears as an 8 element READ ONLY array of variables that represents the eight 16 bit PLC output registers AQ for the ASCII BASIC Module The reg_num is a numeric expression that yields an integer value between 0 and 7 inclusive Any other value will generate an Invalid argument example 0 gt 10 X INP 0 REM Lower byte represents X coordinate 0220 Y INP 1 REM Upper byte represents Y coordinate 0 gt 3
80. gram Schemes can be implemented very similarly to those discussed for the BREAK command SEE ALSO BREAK CLRMEM AUTORUN STARTUP MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 49 CH 4 RTS SS 9 v SYNTAX RTS 4 The RTS operator returns the state of a the specified serial port s hardware handshaking input If the RTS signal for the specified port is currently HIGH 12V the RTS operator will return a TRUE result 65535 If the RTS signal for the specified serial port is LOW 12V the RTS operator will return a FALSE 0 result If the character is appended to the RTS operator the RTS signal state for the AUXILIARY serial port is returned otherwise the RTS signal state for the PRIMARY serial port is returned SEE ALSO CTS RUN operator SYNTAX RUN The RUN operator returns the numeric value that reflects the RUN status of the PLC If the host CPU is currently in RUN mode the RUN operator will return a TRUE result 65535 otherwise the RUN operator will return a FALSE result 0 example O gt PRINT RUN 0 0210 IF RUN THEN PRINT PLC CPU is running the ladder program PAGE 4 50 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 SETCOM a SYNTAX SETCOM baud const parity data bits stop bits handshake pori The SETCOM statement is used to configure the communications parameters used by the specified serial device If the character is appended to the SETCOM keyword the AUXILIARY serial port is configured oth
81. gt 10 ON X GOTO 100 200 300 400 SEE ALSO GOSUB GOTO ON GOSUB MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 39 CH 4 ONERR SYNTAX ONERR ine num The ONERR statement provides a means for the programmer to handle arithmetic errors that may occur during program execution There are four types of arithmetic errors that will cause program control to transfer to the specified ine num Division by zero Arithmetic overflow Arithmetic underflow ERC 30 Bad argument The error code value may be examined using the ERC special function operator Following the execution of the ONERR statement if any of the above arithmetic errors are encountered program control passes to the specified ine_num The line num specified should be the beginning of an error handling routine that will process the error in a manner appropriate to the application Note that the ONERR routine should not perform a RETURN or a RETI instruction There is no way to RESUME program operation from where the error occurred The error handling routine must GOTO the appropriate line number in the application program Typically this statement is used to handle errors that may occur when the user has entered inappropriate data to an INPUT statement example 0210 ONERR 100 0220 FOR l 3 TO 0 STEP 1 0230 PRINT 100 I 0240 NEXT I 02100 ETYPE ERC 10 1 02110 ON ETYPE GOTO 120 130 140 150 02120 PRINT Division by zero END 02130 PRINT Underflow END 0214
82. gt 20 TIME 0 0 gt 30 A 5 B PI 2 C COS B LOG SYNTAX LOG expr The LOG Operator returns the natural logarithm of the expr The expr is a numeric expression and must Solve to a positive value The returned value will contain up to 7 digits of significance example 0 gt PRINT LOG 12 0 gt PRINT LOG EXP 1 2 484906 1 SEE ALSO EXP MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 37 CH 4 MID s s SYNTAX MID string expr start position num The MID function returns num characters of the string expr beginning with the character at start position If the num parameter is omitted the remainder of the string expr is returned The start position and num arguments must be valid integer expressions between 1 and 255 inclusive If start position specifies a character position greater than the number of characters in the string expr a null string is returned If num specifies more characters than are available in the string expr or if num is omitted the remainder of the string expr is returned example 0 gt PRINT MID This is a test 6 4 isa 0 gt 10 STRING 257 15 0 gt 20 0 Test program 0 gt 30 FOR X 0 TO 14 0 gt 40 PRINT MID 0 X 3 CR 0 gt 50 DELAY 500 0 gt 60 NEXT X 0270 GOTO 30 SEE ALSO LEFT RIGHT ASC MTOP SYNTAX MTOP Following RESET the ASCII BASIC Module will read the last known value of MTOP from battery backed memory Whenever the MTOP value is changed it will be s
83. he beginning of the interrupt routine example 0 gt 10 TIME 0 CLOCK1 ONTIME 2 100 0 gt 20 DO 0 gt 30 UNTIL TIME gt 10 0 gt 40 END 0 gt 100 A TIME 0 gt 110 PRINT Timer interrupt at A seconds 0 gt 120 ONTIME TIME 2 100 0 gt 130 RETI 0 gt RUN Timer interrupt at 2 seconds Timer interrupt at 4 seconds Timer interrupt at 6 seconds Timer interrupt at 8 seconds Timer interrupt at 10 seconds SEE ALSO TIME FTIME IDLE RETI ONPORT PAGE 4 42 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 OR SYNTAX 1 var expr OR expr2 SYNTAX 2 rel expr1 AND rel expr2 Using syntax 1 a bit wise OR function is performed on the two expressions and the result is placed in the var Each binary bit of the two expressions is manipulated as shown in the truth table below EXPR1 EXPR2 RESULT 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 example 0 gt PRINT 2 0R 3 0 gt PHO 55H OR OCOH 3 D5H Using syntax 2 a logical OR function is performed on the two relational expressions If EITHER of the relational expressions are TRUE a TRUE result 65535 is returned If both relational expressions are FALSE a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 PRINT 2 2 OR 3 2 0 PRINT 2 3 OR 3 2 65535 0 SEE ALSO AND XOR NOT OUT SYNTAX 1 OUT reg num SYNTAX 2 OUT reg num bit num expr The OUT operator appears as an 8 element WRITE ONLY array of variables that represents the eight 16 bit PLC in
84. hese operators perform logical and bitwise boolean functions AND OR XOR PAGE 4 12 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 ABS ro e SYNTAX ABS expr 1 The ABS operator returns the ABSOLUTE VALUE of the numeric expr example 0 gt PRINT ABS 5 0 gt PRINT ABS 5 5 5 AND SYNTAX 1 var expr AND expr2 SYNTAX 2 rel expr1 AND rel expr2 For syntax 1 a bit wise AND function is performed on the two expressions and the result is placed in the var Each binary bit of the two expressions is manipulated as shown in the truth table below EXPR1 EXPR2 RESULT 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 example 0 PRINT 2 AND 3 0 gt PHO 55H AND 0COH 2 50H For syntax 2 a logical AND function is performed on the two relational expressions If BOTH relational expressions are TRUE a TRUE result 65535 is returned If either relational expression is FALSE a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 PRINT 2 2 AND 3 3 0 PRINT 2 3 AND 3 2 65535 0 SEE ALSO OR XOR NOT ASC operator SYNTAX ASC string expr position The ASC returns the numeric ASCII value of the character at the specified position in the string expr f the position argument is omitted the ASCII value of the first character in the string expr is returned example 0 gt PRINT ASC A 65 O gt STRING 257 15 0 gt 0 Horner Electric 0 gt PRINT CHR 0 1 ASC 0 1 H 72 MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4
85. his is initiated by pressing the F3 key during the display of the terminal screen 6 1 Selecting a Filename Whenthe F3 key is pressed a prompt box will appear in the center ofthe terminal screen and the user is prompted to enter the filename of the file to which the received data is to be written The user may enter up to 50 characters of path filename Once the filename is typed the user must press the ENTER key TERM will then search for the file in the specified directory or in the currentdirectory if no pathname is specified If the file exists the useris asked if the existing file is to be deleted If the user enters N for NO control returns to the terminal screen If the user enters Y for YES or if the file doesn t exist TERM will begin the upload operation 6 2 What Happens During the Upload Once the file has been opened TERM begin writing all received characters to the specified diskfile To upload afile from the ASCII BASIC Module begin the upload process Once the filehas been opened use the commandLIST to generate a listing of the program This listing will be captured by TERM and stored to disk when the ESCape key is pressed The disk file is closed the UPLOAD operation is terminated when the user presses the ESCape key This process is also useful in capturing a printout of the characters printed to the display while the BASIC program is running Simply begin the upload process before running the BA
86. inate whenever datais transmitted from the BASIC while the RED LED will illuminate whenever data is received by the BASIC module 1 2 4 Flexible Memory Configuration As stated before the 80C320 can address up to 128 Kilobytes of external memory This memory is divided among 3 devices and is configured at the factory See Appendix E for a discussion of the memory map configuration 1 2 5 Firmware Memory The firmware site consists of a 64 Kilobyte EPROM mapped to the 80C320 s CODE space The software in this site is a miniature operating system controlling user program input and execution 1 2 6 Data Memory The DATA site is equipped with a 32K static RAM device in a battery backed socket This socket also contains the real time clockhardware The lowest 1536 bytes of this memory are reserved for the ASCII BASIC interpreter The remaining DATA memory is used for all variable storage AND for BASIC program number 0 entry and editing See Appendix E for a more complete discussion of the DATA FILE memory 1 2 7 Program File Memory The PROGRAMS site is equipped with a32K EEPROM device in a battery backed socket Unlike the DATA site the PROGRAM site may also be EMPTY In this case the DATA site is divided between DATA and PROGRAM FILE memory See Appendix E for a more complete discussion of the PROGRAM FILE memory 1 2 8 PLC Interface Proprietary circuitry is used in the interface between the ASCII BASIC Module andthe PLC This circuitry provide
87. ing characteris used andthat all ASCII values from 0 to 255 inclusive are valid string components 6 4 Strings in Relational Expressions The relational operators lt gt gt lt gt and lt may be used to compare the characters in two string expressions Whenusedwith string expressions relational expressions will return a value TRUE or FALSE exactly as when used with numeric expressions see chapter 5 Parenthesis are NOT ALLOWED nor are they necessary when defining a relational string expression example 0 gt 10 IF 0 TEST THEN PRINT Equal 0 gt RUN ERROR Invalid syntax In line 10 10 IF 0 TEST THEN PRINT Equal X The relational operators perform a character by character comparison of the two string expressions string expr1 string expr2 When using the operator in a relational string expression if the two string expressions are identical every character is the same and the string lengths are equal then a TRUE 65535 result is returned If the string expressions are in any way different a FALSE 0 result is returned example PRINT TEST TEST 65535 PRINT TEST TEST1 0 10IF TEST TEST1 THEN PRINT Equal ELSE PRINT Not Equal string expr1 string expr2 The lt gt operator is the complement of the operator if the two string expressions are identical every character is the same and the string lengths are equal then a TRUE 65535 result is returned If the s
88. ingle command line example Ready 0 gt FOR X 0 TO 7 PRINT INP X NEXT X SEE ALSO DO UNTIL DO WHILE FOR TO STEP NEXT MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 27 CH 4 FREE E g SYNTAX FREE The FREE system control value returns the number of unused bytes in DATA memory that are available to the user When the currently selected program is in RAM the following relationship will always hold true FREE MTOP SIZE 1280 The FREE operator DOES NOT account for any defined variables or string space below MTOP The FREE operator is generally used to derive a new value for MTOP example O gt NEW 0 gt 10 FOR 12512 TO 528 REM Display program 0 0220 PRINT XBY I 0230 NEXT I O gt PRINT FREE 32202 SEE ALSO MTOP SIZE FTIME Soe 9e e SYNTAX FTIME The FTIME special function operator is used to assign a value to the fractional portion of the TIME operator When the TIME operator is set using a LET statement only the integer portion is affected This is to allow accurate one second intervals when an ONTIME interrupt is used Consider the following program segment example 0210 TIME 0 CLOCK 1 ONTIME 1 100 0 gt 20 IDLE GOTO 20 0 gt 100 PRINT TIME CR 0 gt 110 TIME 0 0 gt 120 ONTIME 1 100 0 gt 130 RETI When the TIME operator was set equal to 0 in line 110 a few milliseconds had already elapsed since TIME was equal to 1 generating the ONTIME interrupt If when setting the TIME operator the fr
89. l Errortrapping control Serial interrupt control Timerinterrupt control Assigns SHARK output register Print values in HEX format 2 digit Print values in HEX format 4 digit Returns value of PI 3 1415926 Gets floating point value from stack Serial output Same as PRINT Same as PRINT Puts floating point value to stack Assigns constant from DATA list to var Comment Initializes DATA pointer Causes a software RESET of the module Returns from timer interrupt routine Returns from subroutine Returns rightmost characters of a string Returns arandom number Enables disables run trap option Returns the state of the RTS signal Runs selected program or returns PLC run state PAGE 4 5 4 29 4 30 4 31 4 31 4 32 4 32 4 33 4 34 4 34 4 34 4 35 4 35 4 36 4 5 4 36 4 37 4 37 4 6 4 26 4 38 4 6 4 38 4 39 4 40 4 40 4 42 4 43 4 44 4 44 4 45 4 45 4 45 4 45 4 46 4 46 4 47 4 6 4 47 4 28 4 47 4 48 4 48 4 49 4 6 4 49 APPENDIX B Reserved Word List KEYWORD SAVE SELECT SETCOM SETINPUT SGN SIN SIZE SPC SQR STARTUP STATUS STO STEP STOP STRING STR TAB TAN THEN TIME TIME TO UCASES UNTIL USING U VAL WHILE XBY DESCRIPTION Stores a program in the PROGRAM file Selects a program Configures one of the serial ports Configures the INPUT statement Returns the sign of the value Returns the SINE of the value Returns the SIZE of the current program O
90. le if 3 variables are listed as the target to an INPUT statement and 5 values are entered when the INPUT statement executes this warning is displayed WARNING String length exceeded destination string truncated This warning message is displayed whenever too few numeric values are entered during an INPUT statement or when an attempt is made to store more characters in a string variable than have been configured using the STRING statement CHAPTER 8 The PLC Interface Page 8 1 CHAPTER 8 THE PLC INTERFACE This chapter deals with probably the module s most important feature of the ASCII BASIC module the interface between the ASCII BASIC module andthe PLC There are two operators that allow data transfer between the ASCII BASIC module and the PLC the INP operator and the OUT operator both are fully described in chapter 4 8 1 ASCII BASIC register mapping As stated earlier the ASCII BASIC module shares eight 16 bit input registers Al and eight 16 bit output registers AQ with the PLC The type of data placed in these registers is completely dependent on the application there are no predefined special function registers The ASCII BASIC module is an intelligent 1 0 module as described in the PLC documentation The ASCII BASIC module s registers are mapped in the Al and AQ space exactly as in the same manner as the high speed counter module This means thatthe ASCII BASIC module s I O registers can be map
91. lines Initially following RESET the console is assigned to the PRIMARY serial device Using the CMDPORT statement the console can be assigned to the AUXILIARY serial device When the AUXILIARY serial port is configured as the console all commands statements and program lines are input via the AUXILIARY serial device All command mode transmission from the module is directed to the AUXILIARY serial device Note that all of the serial port control commands and statements e g PRINT INPUT etc must still incorporate the use of the character in order to act upon the AUXILIARY serial device The following example assumes that the module is in it s initial state example 0 gt CMDPORT lt The command port is now assigned to the AUXILIARY device gt After entry of the CMDPORT command the following sequence can be performed via the AUXILIARY port example Ready 0 gt 10 REM This is a test line O gt LIST Ready lt The LIST command sent the output to the PRIMARY port gt O gt LIST lt The LIST command will send output to the AUXILIARY port gt 10 REM This is a test line When the CMDPORT statement is entered with no parameter the console device is assigned to the PRIMARY port If the CMDPORT statement is entered and no AUXILIARY serial device is present the CMDPORT statement is ignored and the PRIMARY port will retain the console This feature could be used with the modem option to allow ASCII BASIC programming from a remote loc
92. mber of the line to be deleted followed by a CARRIAGE RETURN CR 3 4 3 BASIC Programs BASIC programs are made up of one or more BASIC statements each with a unique line number When in COMMAND mode the BASIC program lines are entered via the console device Up to 255 programs can be stored inthe ASCII BASIC module s memory Note howeverthatonly program number 0 can be edited Program number zerois stored inthe DATA memory all other programs are stored inthe PROGRAM FILE memory PROGRAM FILE programs can be transferred into program 0 using the EDIT command and then re saved in the PROGRAM FILE The COMMAND mode prompt will always specify which BASIC program is currently SELECTed 3 4 4 Numeric Values The ASCII BASIC Module is capable of manipulating numbers in four formats Decimal integer 1234 hexadecimal integer 89ABH fractional floating point 12 34 and exponential floating point 12 345678 E 5 3 4 5 Integer Values Integers require two bytes of memory storage There are several occasions when integer values are required Inthese cases if a floating point value is used it will be truncated to an integer or an error will be generated Hexadecimalintegers must always begin with a valid digit 0 through 9 For example AOH should always be entered as OAOH 3 4 6 Floating point Values Each floating point value requires six bytes of memory storage The module will round all floating point numbers to eight significant digits
93. me limit the BASIC program will resume execution If next wait is set to 0 the module will wait forever for the next character The default value is 0 example 0210 REM Disable character echo 0220 SETINPUT 1 0210 REM Set the terminating character to 0220 SETINPUT 0 0 61 0210 REM Set the max length to 20 and the first timeout to 3 seconds 0220 SETINPUT 0 0 13 20 3000 0 SEE ALSO INPUT SETCOM PAGE 4 52 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 SGN e Fd SYNTAX SGN expn The SGN operator returns a value that represents the SIGN of the numeric expr If the expression solves to a positive value 1 is returned If the expression solves to 0 O is returned If the expression solves to a negative value 1 is returned example 0 gt PRINT SGN 52 0 gt PRINT SGN 0 0 gt PRINT SGN 33 1 0 1 SIN SYNTAX SIN expr ol jar The SIN operator returns the trigonometric SINE of the expr The expr is a numeric expression that must solve to a value between 200000 The calculation is carried out to seven significant digits example 0 gt PRINT SIN PI 4 0 gt PRINT SIN 0 7071067 0 SEE ALSO ATN COS TAN PI SIZE SYNTAX SIZE The SIZE operator returns the number of bytes occupied by the currently selected program SIZE is a READ ONLY value and cannot be assigned a value Any attempt to do so will generate a syntax error Note that the SIZE operator will return a value of 1 when no program exists
94. mma is entered during the INPUT of a string variable it is simply placed in the string example 0210 STRING 110 10 0210 STRING 110 10 0220 INPUT NAME 1 0220 INPUT NAMES 1 2 0230 PRINT HI 1 0230 PRINT HI 1 AND 2 0 RUN O gt RUN NAME Jim NAMES Jim HI Jim Joe HI Jim AND Joe SEE ALSO SETINPUT INBUF INKEY INSTR SYNTAX INSTR string expr1 string expr2 The INSTR function searches for the first occurrence of string expr2 in string expr1 and returns the character position at which the match is found If string expr2 is not found in string expr1 0 is returned example 0 gt PRINT INSTR This is a test is a 6 O gt STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 Horner Electric 0 gt PRINT INSTR 0 CHR 45H 8 0 gt PRINT INSTR 0 F 0 SEE ALSO MID LEN PAGE 4 34 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 INT ete SYNTAX INT expr g The INT operator returns the INTEGER PORTION of the numeric expr example 0 gt PRINT INT 3 7 0 gt PRINT INT 104 554 0 gt PRINT INT PI 3 104 3 LCASES F SYNTAX LCASE string expr ow The LCASE function will return the string expr with all of the alphabetic characters converted to lower case example 0 gt PRINT LCASE THIS is A tEST this is a test O STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 HorNEr ELEctRIc 0 gt PRINT LCASE 0 horner electric SEE ALSO UCASE LD se e SYNTAX LD expr E i The LD expr statem
95. mmer are discussed in chapter 6 These operators are used to assign and or obtain values of predefined special values Page 3 6 CHAPTER 3 Basic Programming Overview 3 5 Manual Conventions The following conventions will be used in the remainder of this manual integer const line_num string_expr parameter Special attention should be paid to the text following this symbol If caution is not used irretrievable damage can be done to the module The command associated with this symbol can be used in COMMAND MODE The command associated with this symbol can be used in RUN MODE Numeric expression a logical mathematical formula that involves operators both unary and dyadic constants and or numeric variables A stand alone variable or constant is also considered an expression Numeric integer Integers used by the ASCII BASIC module are whole numbers that range from 0 to 65535 inclusive Numeric constant a real number that ranges from 1 E 127 to 99999999 E 127 A constant may be an integer BASIC line number an integer value that refers to or assigns a BASIC program line number String expression a logical string formula that involves string operators quoted strings and or string variables Optional parameter objects appearing in square brackets are optional parameters and may be omitted A parameter is an argument required by a BASIC operator or statement Parameters will always appear in
96. must solve to an integer value between 0 and 255 inclusive The CHR operator may be used in any valid string expression example 0 gt PRINT CHR 65 A 0 PRINT This is CHR 20H CHR 61H CHR 20H test This is a test The CHR operator can also be used to imbed control characters inside string variables example O gt STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 Horner Electric CHR 13 CHR 10 ASCII BASIC O gt PRINT 0 Horner Electric ASCII BASIC SEE ALSO ASC CHR MID CLEAR SYNTAX CLEAR The CLEAR statement sets all variables equal to zero sets all strings to NULL and executes the equivalent of the CLEAR and CLEAR S statements CLEAR does NOT reset the memory that has been allocated for strings via the STRING statement nor does it affect the real time or millisecond clocks In general the CLEAR statement is used to erase all variables example 0210 X 1 0220 CLEAR 0230 PRINT X 0 gt RUN 0 SEE ALSO CLEAR I CLEAR S NEW RUN CLRMEM PAGE 4 18 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 CLEAR I FE SYNTAX CLEAR I When the CLEAR I statement is executed the ASCII BASIC Module will clear and disable the ONTIME and ONPORT interrupts This is used to disable the interrupts during specific sections of the user s BASIC program This command does not affect the millisecond clock which is enabled by the CLOCK1 statement it merely inhibits the interrupts If the CLEAR statement is used the ONTIME and or ONPORT statem
97. nchronous program execution Register usage Using a register protocol CHAPTER 9 GETTING STARTED APPENDIX A A 1 A 2 A 3 APPENDIX B Prepare to Use the Module Entering a Simple Program Saving a Program in DATA Memory Using the PROGRAM FILE Memory Running a Program From the PROGRAM FILE Deleting a Program from the PROGRAM FILE RS 232 SERIAL PORT WIRING Primary Port Wiring Secondary Port Wiring Modem Port Wiring RESERVED WORD LIST Page 6 2 Page 7 1 Page 7 1 Page 7 1 Page 7 1 Page 7 1 Page 7 2 Page 7 2 Page 7 2 Page 7 2 Page 7 2 Page 7 2 Page 7 2 Page 7 3 Page 7 3 Page 7 3 Page 7 3 Page 7 3 Page 7 3 Page 7 4 Page 7 4 Page 7 4 Page 8 1 Page 8 1 Page 8 1 Page 8 2 Page 9 1 Page 9 2 Page 9 2 Page 9 3 Page 9 4 Page 9 4 Page A 1 Page A 3 Page A 5 Page vii Page viii PREFACE APPENDIX C CONFIGURATION JUMPERS APPENDIX D ASCII CHARACTER SET APPENDIX E MEMORY CONFIGURATIONS APPENDIX F TERM DUMB TERMINAL EMULATION SOFTWARE USER S MANUAL CHAPTER 1 Introduction Page 1 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Congratulations on your purchase of the Horner Electric ASCII BASIC Module The ASCII BASIC Module is capable of performing some very powerful features typically reserved for more expensive midsize Programmable Logic Controllers PLCs Many applications where the module will be used as a stand alone microcomputer or where information will be passed between
98. ng a power up or RESET condition Valid integer arguments are described below STARTUP 0 In this mode the module will enter its automatic baud rate detection sequence following RESET waiting for a SPACE character ASCII 32 to be transmitted to the PRIMARY serial port so that the baud rate can be established Once the SPACE character has been received the module will display the sign on status screen and enter COMMAND mode STARTUP 1 n this mode the module will configure the PRIMARY serial port with the last baud rate used and will immediately display the sign on status screen following RESET and enter COMMAND mode STARTUP 2 In this mode the module will configure the PRIMARY serial port with the last baud rate used and will immediately run the BASIC program specified by the last AUTORUN command If no AUTORUN command has been issued program 0 is assumed If the specified program does not exist the module will revert to STARTUP mode 1 The STARTUP value is accessible as a configuration parameter via the PLC programming device This feature is useful should the module be configured to run a BASIC program that implements the BREAK function without providing a means to terminate the program The STARTUP mode can be set to mode 0 or mode 1 to prevent the program from running following the next RESET SEE ALSO AUTORUN STATUS A SYNTAX STATUS ew The STATUS command causes the ASCII BASIC Module to display a screen of useful inform
99. ng message is displayed on the console device and the INPUT statement is re executed When more than one data item is to be entered in response to an INPUT statement each data item must be separated by a comma Normally a carriage return line feed sequence and a question mark are transmitted to the specified device However if a comma immediately precedes the first var in the variable list the carriage return line feed question mark sequence is suppressed MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 33 CH 4 example 0 gt 10 INPUT A B 0 gt 20 PRINT A B 0 gt RUN 1 typed by user gt Data entered does not match variable type try again 71 2 typed by user 15 An INPUT statement may be written so that a descriptive prompt string is displayed on the console device prior to data entry This prompt must appear between the INPUT keyword and the variable list and must be enclosed in quotes example 0210 INPUT Enter a number A 0220 PRINT SQR A 0 RUN Enter a number 100 10 String variables can also be assigned using the INPUT statement During INPUT strings are normally terminated with a carriage return character but any character can be configured as the terminating character using the SETINPUT statement If more than one string is to be assigned with a single INPUT statement the termination character must be sent following each string The module will prompt the user with a question mark between each string entry If a co
100. nserted as program number integer For example if there are 6 programs in the PROGRAM file 1 through 6 and the currently selected program were SAVEd as number 4 programs 4 5 and 6 in the PROGRAM file would be moved to 5 6 and 7 respectively making room for the new program 4 SEE ALSO DELPGM AUTORUN SELECT EDIT CHAIN SELECT SYNTAX SELECT integer The SELECT command causes the ASCII BASIC Module to select the specified program as the default program The integer specifies the program number assigned to the program when it was SAVED If an integer is specified for a program in the PROGRAM FILE that does not exist a Program does not exist error is generated If no integer is specified the module will default to program 0 The SELECT command does not cause the specified program to be transferred into program 0 It is possible to have several different programs in the PROGRAM FILE memory as well as a separate program 0 in DATA memory When a program is SELECTed it may be RUN or LISTed but only program 0 may be edited If an attempt is made to modify a program in the PROGRAM FILE memory an error will be generated Note that the COMMAND mode prompt will always contain a number that represents the currently SELECTed program SEE ALSO SAVE DELPGM CHAIN AUTORUN PAGE 4 8 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 STARTUP SYNTAX STARTUP integer The STARTUP command is used to configure the behavior of the module followi
101. o contain the number of days in each month The following program segment illustrates example 0 gt 10 DIM MNTH 13 REM Tells BASIC how much space to allocate for the MNTH array 0220 MNTH 1 31 0 gt 30 MNTH A 0 gt 40 MNTH 0 gt 50 MNTH 2 o 0 gt 60 MNTH 0270 MNTH 0280 MNTH 0290 MNTH 02100 MNTH 9 02110 MNTH 02120 MNTH 11 02130 MNTH 12 02140 FOR X 1 xc T 02150 PRINT There are MNTH X days in month X 02160 NEXT X 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 11 Numeric Expressions An expression is a logical mathematical formula that involves OPERATORS CONSTANTS and or VARIABLES Expressions can be simple or quite complex example 12 EXP A 100 H 1 55 SIN A SIN A COS A COS A 2 A stand alone variable or constant is also considered an expression 3 4 12 Relational Expressions Relational expressions involve the operators EQUAL NOT EQUAL lt gt GREATER THAN gt LESS THAN GREATER THAN OR EQUAL 2 andLESS THAN OR EQUAL They are usedin control statements to test a condition example 10 IF A lt 100 THEN B 5 Relational expressions ALWAYS require two numeric or string expressions 3 4 13 String Expressions String expressions are expressions that yield a character string result Strings are fully discussed in chapter 6 3 4 14 Special Function Operators The special function operators available to the ASCII BASIC progra
102. o integers before being printed All format specifiers that are used with the PRINT statement can be used with PHO and PH1 statements example O gt PHO 2 2 04H 0 gt PHO 1000 3E8H 0 gt PHO PI 03H 0 gt PHO 600000 600000 SEE ALSO PRINT PH1 TAB PH1 SYNTAX PH1 expr list The PH1 statement is functionally identical to the PHO statement except that four hexadecimal digits will always be PRINTed Leading zeros will be displayed where necessary example 0 gt PH1 2 2 0004H 0 gt PH1 1000 03E8H 0 gt PH1 PI 0003H 0 gt PH1 600000 600000 SEE ALSO PRINT PHO TAB PAGE 4 44 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 PI SYNTAX PI Pl is a stored constant The value returned by the PI constant is 3 1415926 Mathematicians will notice that the value of PI is actually closer to 3 141592653 so proper rounding for PI should yield a value of 3 1415927 The reason that the ASCII BASIC Module uses a 6 instead of a 7 for the least significant digit is that errors in the SIN COS and TAN operators were found to be greater when 7 was used instead of 6 This is because the number PI 2 is needed for these calculations and it is desirable to have the equation PI 2 PI 2 Pl hold true This cannot be done if the last digit of Pl is an odd number so the last digit of Pl was rounded to 6 instead of 7 to make these calculations more accurate example O gt PRINT PI 3 1415926 SEE ALSO ATN COS SIN
103. ode SEE ALSO STARTUP RESET CLRMEM BREAK SYNTAX BREAK line num The BREAK command is used to set a breakpoint on a BASIC program Setting the breakpoint does not alter the program it merely configures the command interpreter to HALT whenever the specified line num is executed similar to the STOP statement The BREAK command has a significant advantage over the STOP statement in that the breakpoint can be set without modifying the BASIC program Insertion of the STOP statement requires program modification which makes the CONT command invalid until the program is restarted Using the BREAK command the user can configure a breakpoint and then execute the CONT command example O gt LIST 10 PRINT This is line 10 20 PRINT This is line 20 30 PRINT This is line 30 40 PRINT This is line 40 50 PRINT This is line 50 60 GOTO 10 Ready 0 gt BREAK 30 Ready 0 gt RUN This is line 10 This is line 20 BREAK In line 30 Ready 0 gt BREAK 10 0 gt CONT This is line 30 This is line 40 This is line 50 BREAK In line 10 MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 3 CH 4 Only one breakpoint may be active at any given time If more than one breakpoint is required then STOP statements can be used Note that when the program is halted due to breakpoint BREAK is displayed prior to the execution of the line number SEE ALSO CONT STEP STOP CONT SYNTAX CONT If an executing program is stopped by typing a CONTROL C on the
104. ode ASCII Each of these parameters is discussed in detail later in this section The TERM CFG file is placed on the current or logged directory If TERM is run from a different directory where no TERM CFG file exists a new one will be created This is done purposely our philosophy is that if one wants to run TERM fromadifferentdirectory chances are goodthatitis being used for a different project and hence will probably require a different configuration This method allows TERM to be used for several different projects with several different configurations without having to configure the port every time TERMis run 3 2 What Happens when F1 is Pressed If during the display of the configuration menu the ENTER key is pressed the parameters displayed are stored in the TERM CFG file and are used to configure the specified COM port If during the display of the configuration menu the ESCape key is pressed the parameters displayed are used to configure the specified COM port but the TERM CFG file is left intact The configuration menu allows alteration of seven parameters Each of these parameters is associated with anumeric key on the keyboard Each of these parameters is discussed in detail below 3 3 COM Port Selection Item number one 1 on the configuration menu pertains to the COM port selection During the display of the configuration screen the 1 key may be pressed to select COM1 COM2 COM3 or COM4 as the device used by
105. oftware program is available such as ProComm by DataStorm There are two important points to be aware of when using such programs 1 Some terminal emulator programs send out characters when they are invoked If the ASCII BASIC Module receives any character other than a space character ASCII 32 the baud rate will be incorrectly calculated and communications will not be possible To avoid this problem configure and initialize the terminal emulation program before applying power to the ASCII BASIC Module then press the space bar 2 Some terminal emulator programs do not support handshaking This means that it is very possible for the ASCII BASIC Module to send data to the console device much faster than the host computer can process it This may cause lost data erroneous display of characters or even computer lockup If software handshaking is not an available option for your terminal emulation software use a lower baud rate to allow the terminal emulator program more time to process each character Page 2 2 CHAPTER 2 Installation 2 2 2 TERM Dumb Terminal Emulation Software Included onthe distribution diskette is a terminal emulation program called TERM EXE This program may be loaded and run on most any IBM PC or compatible computer This program was designed and written specifically for communication with an ASCII BASIC Module and provides the following features 1 Software XON XOFF andhardware RTS CTS handshaking capability 2 Ca
106. ommand prints the current program to the console device Note that the list command formats the program in an easy to read manner Spaces are inserted after the line number and before and after statements This feature is designed to aid in the debugging of ASCII BASIC programs The LISTing of a program may be terminated at any time by typing a CONTROL C character on the console device unless the BREAK 0 option is in force If software handshaking XON XOFF is being used a LISTing may be paused by typing a CONTROL S character on the console device and resumed by typing a CONTROL Q If a start line num is specified the program will be listed starting with the start line num and continuing to the end of the program If a start line num and an end line num are specified the program will be listed starting with the start line num and continuing through the end line num If the Z is used then the program listing will be directed to the designated AUXILIARY port SEEALSO SETCOM PAGE 4 6 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 NEW A v SYNTAX NEW ey When the NEW command is entered the ASCII BASIC Module will delete program 0 in DATA memory All variables are set to zero and all strings are cleared The real time and millisecond clocks are not effected Generally the NEW command is used to erase the RAM program and variables SEE ALSO DELPGM NULL SYNTAX NULL integer The NULL command is used to output 0 to 255 NULL cha
107. on diskette and put the distribution diskette in a safe place should your working copy ever fail To make a backup copy of the disk i Type DISKCOPY A A without the quotes 2 When prompted to insert the source diskette place the TERM distribution diskette into the floppy drive and press the ENTER key 3 When prompted to insert the destination diskette place a formatted diskette into the floppy drive and press the EN TER key To install to a hard disk insert the distribution diskette into the floppy drive log to a directory on the hard disk and type COPY A TERM TERM EXE V without the quotes TERM is now installed and ready for use 2 2 Running TERM for the First Time Torun TERM simply log to adrive directory that contains TERM EXE ifthe drive directory is inthe DOS search path TERM may be run when logged to any drive directory and type TERM and then press the ENTER key Once the program is loaded into memory TERM will display a sign on message This message will remain on the screen for five seconds or until a key on keyboard is pressed whichever occurs first Initially TERM will search the current drive directory for a file called TERM CFG If this file is found the terminal screen is displayed following the sign on message If the TERM CFG file is not present the configuration menu is displayed See section 3 for more information aboutthe configuration menu The TERM CFG file is updated ever
108. only the integer portion of TIME is affected To assign a value to the fractional portion of the TIME operator the FTIME operator must be used example 0 PRINT TIME 0 0 gt CLOCK 1 0 PRINT TIME 735 0 PRINT TIME 1 24 SEE ALSO CLOCK FTIME ONTIME TIME PAGE 4 58 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 TIME SYNTAX TIMES The TIME operator is used to assign or retrieve a value to the REAL TIME clock The real time clock calendar continues to run and maintains the time date even when power is removed from the ASCII BASIC module When the TIMES operator is used to retrieve the value of the real time clock the time is returned in the format shown below When the TIME operator appears on the left side of an assignment statement a string variable or constant that represents the time must appear on the right side This string MUST be formatted as follows HH MM SS where HH is the hour 00 to 23 MM is the minute 00 to 59 and SS is the second 00 to 59 Delimiting characters shown in the example as colons must appear between the arguments but may be any character Leading zeros may NOT be omitted This means that the following statement would generate an Invalid argument error example 0 gt TIME 1 03 00 ERROR Invalid argument Ready 0 gt TIME 122590 ERROR Invalid argument Ready The following are valid examples of TIME manipulation example 0 gt TIME 00 00 00 0 gt TIME 23 59 59 See Al
109. onsole device approximately once per second example 0 210 PRINT DATES TIMES CR REM Display the current DATE TIME 0220 DELAY 1000 REM Wait for one second 0230 GOTO 10 REM Go update the DATE TIME again SEE ALSO ONTIME ONPORT e DI M SYNTAX DIM var expr var expr var expr The DIM statement reserves memory storage space for ARRAY variables ARRAY variables may be assigned a ONE DIMENSION subscript which may not exceed 254 Once a variable has been DIMensioned in a program it may not be re DIMensioned If this is attempted an array size error will be generated If an arrayed variable is used that has NOT been dimensioned using a DIM statement the maximum subscript for the array is 9 10 elements 0 through 9 All arrays are set equal to zero whenever a NEW or CLEAR command are executed If the CLRMEM 1 option is in force all arrays will be cleared following the RUN command More than one variable may be dimensioned by a single DIM statement example 0210 A 5 10 0220 DIM A 10 0 gt RUN ERROR Array size exceeded or not specified In line 20 20 DIM A 10 x SEE ALSO CLEAR PAGE 4 24 CH 4 DO UNTIL SYNTAX DO UNTIL re expr MANO047 02 The DO UNTIL statements provide a means of loop control within an ASCII BASIC program All statements between the DO and the UNTIL re expr are executed until the relational expression following the UNTIL becomes TRUE DO UNTIL loops may be
110. ortant feature for those who use a host computer as the console device to implement a program download routine REM statements can be placed in the source program without line numbers When the program is downloaded the REM statements will not occupy any of the valuable program memory space MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 47 CH 4 Toe RESTORE s SYNTAX RESTORE The RESTORE statement resets the DATA pointer to the beginning of the program s first DATA statement so that the data may be read again example 0210 FOR l 1 TO 3 0220 READ A B 0230 PRINT A B 0 gt 40 NEXT 0 gt 50 RESTORE 0 gt 60 READ A B 0 gt 70 PRINT A B 0 gt 80 DATA 10 20 10 2 20 2 SIN PI COS PI O gt RUN 10 20 510 0 1 10 20 SEE ALSO DATA READ oy RETI o mS SYNTAX RETI The RETI statement must be used in place of the RETURN statement in the ONPORT and ONTIME interrupt service subroutines Failure to do this will cause the ASCII BASIC Module to ignore future interrupts SEE ALSO ONPORT ONTIME SA RIGHT s Eg SYNTAX RIGHT string expr num The RIGHT function will return a character string composed of the right most num characters of the string expr The num parameter is a valid integer value between 1 and 255 inclusive If num is greater than the number of characters in string expr all of the string expr is returned example 0 gt PRINT RIGHTS Horner Electric 10 r Electric O0 STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 This i
111. oth RS 232 and RS 422 The RS 232 connection can be made point to point over a distance of 50 feet The RS 422 connection can made point to point or multidrop over a total network distance of 4000 feet The secondary port is typically connected to a serial printers modems or the programming port of the PLC In this manual all cable diagrams feature pinouts labelled according to function and not to the EIA standard In the table below the ASCII BASIC Module s RS 232 422 pinout is listed with the designation used in the wiring diagrams of this manual Also listed is the direction of the signal Pin Signal Name Direction 1 CTS Clear To Send RS 232 Input 2 TXD Transmit Data RS 232 Output 3 RXD Receive Data RS 232 Input 4 RTS Request To Send RS 232 Output Le ersimenenrosessss cum Le esacerneseneses wm Ls remesas m Secondary Port Cable Pinouts The pinouts onthe next page show connections of common devices to the ASCII BASIC Module s secondary RS 232 422 port These pinouts are typical and do not represent all possible connections Appendix A 4 APPENDIX A Serial Port Wiring RS 232 MODULE DEVICE Eee Ne SECONDARY PORT TXD 3 3 RXD RXD 2 e TXD CTS 8 4 RTS RTS 7 1 CTS GND 5 ER fa et ee ese SA DB9 Ia 15 METERS MAX E _ SHIELDED MULTI CONDUCTOR _ a 3 TWISTED PAIR RXD X yx 18 TXD RXD 13 TXD TXD TXD
112. owing the READ statement they must be separated by commas If all expressions in a program s DATA statements have been READ and another READ is attempted without RESTOREing an Out of data error is generated example 0210 FOR l 1 TO 3 0220 READ A B 0230 PRINT A B 0 gt 40 NEXT 0 gt 50 RESTORE 0 gt 60 READ A B 0 gt 70 PRINT A B 0 gt 80 DATA 10 20 10 2 20 2 SIN PI COS PI 0 RUN 10 20 5 10 0 1 10 20 SEE ALSO DATA RESTORE REM SYNTAX REM comment REM is short for REMark It does nothing but allows the user to add comments to a program Comments are usually needed to make a program more legible and easier to understand Once a REM statement appears on a line the remainder of that line is assumed to be a remark so a REM statement may not be terminated with a colon delimiter REM statements may however be placed AFTER a colon delimiter allowing the programmer to comment each program line example 0210 REM Input a variable 0220 INPUT A 0230 REM Input another variable 0240 INPUT B 0250 REM Multiply the two 0 60 Z A B 0270 PRINT Z REM Z is the answer print it The following REM statement illustrates that executable statements may NOT be placed following a REM statement on the same line The PRINT statement is considered part of the REM statement and is not executed example 0210 REM print the number PRINT A 0 RUN The REM statement may be used in COMMAND mode This is an imp
113. pable of communication rates of 110 to 57 600 baud 9 Complete program UPLOAD and DOWNLOAD capability at any baud rate Programs created with your favorite word processor may be downloaded 2 3 Configuring the PLC Before any I O module can be accessed by the PLC the makeup of the module must be defined inside the PLC This process is called configuration The ASCII BASIC Module configuration is supported by Logicmaster 90 version 2 01 or later Alternatively the user may configure the PLC using the Hand Held Programmer To configure the PLC for use with the ASCII BASIC Module with the Hand Held Programmer 1 Install the ASCII BASIC Module into the PLC as described in the PLC documentation using the Hand Held Programmeras the programming device 2 Apply power to the PLC rack The PLC will perform it s power up diagnostics and a menu will appear onthe Hand Held Programmer s display 9 Enter the following key sequence on the Hand Held Programmer Display Keystroke Comments PROGRAM Press the MODE key to reach this MODE Screen DATA PROGRAM Press the 4 key a 4 will appear as the DATA 4 first character in the display R0 00 PLC m Press the ENTER key the display will KEY CLK OFF now show the PLC CPU status Press the DOWN ARROW key until RO 01 EMPTY lt S Y the slot number containing the ASCII BASIC Module appears following the RO This example assumes the module resides in slot 1 ther
114. ped anywhere in the Al and AQ space 8 2 Asynchronous program execution The ASCII BASIC program runs completely independent of the PLC ladder program The ASCII BASIC program will begin execution at the first program line the line number with the smallest value and will continue executing as the BASIC instructions direct the program flow The PLC ladder program will begin execution with the first rung of ladder logic and continue through the entire ladder manipulating it s I O point and registers as directed by the ladder program 8 3 Register usage Inmostapplications the eightinput and eight output registers provide adequate communications between the ASCII BASIC module andthe PLC A particular register can be defined to contain a specific piece of information at all times For example the ASCII BASIC program could be written to perform a PID function processing data from an analog input module and returning data to be sent to an analog output module In its simplest form only one of the INP registers and one ofthe OUT registers need be used The INP register would be written to by the PLC as the ladder program scanned and read by the ASCII BASIC module periodically each time the PID loopis executed Conversely the ASCII BASIC program would write to the OUT register once each time the PID loop is performed while the PLC ladder program would continuously read the value and copy it to the analog output module There are no ill a
115. pin 5 Do not connect pin 5 of the secondary port to pin 5 on the PLC programming port with JP2 installed If these pins are connected with this jumper installed DAMAGE WILL BE CAUSED TO BOTH THE PLC POWER SUPPLY AND THE ASCII BASIC MODULE Appendix C 2 APPENDIX C Configuration Jumpers This page has intentionally been left blank APPENDIX D ASCII Character Set Appendix D 1 APPENDIX D ASCII CHARACTER SET The following is a list of the ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange character set DEC HEX Character DEC HEX Character DEC HEX Character 00 00H NULL 44 20H 88 58H X 01 01H SOH 45 2DH 89 59H Y 02 02H STX 46 2EH 90 5AH Z 03 03H ETX 47 2FH 91 5BH f 04 04H EOT 48 30H 0 92 5CH 05 05H ENQ 49 31H 1 93 5DH 06 06H ACK 50 32H 2 94 bEH 07 07H BELL 51 33H 3 95 5FH 08 08H BS 52 34H 4 96 60H 09 09H HT 53 35H 5 97 61H a 10 OAH LF 54 36H 6 98 62H b 11 OBH VT 55 37H 7 99 63H c 12 OCH FF 56 38H 8 100 64H d 13 ODH CR 57 39H 9 101 65H e 14 OEH SO 58 3AH 102 66H f 15 OFH SI 59 3BH 103 67H g 16 10H DLE 60 3CH lt 104 68H h 17 11H DC1 61 3DH 105 69H i 18 12H DC2 62 3EH gt 106 6AH j 19 13H DC3 63 3FH 107 6BH k 20 14H DC4 64 40H 108 6CH 21 15H NAK 65 41H A 109 6DH m 22 16H SYN 66 42H B 110 6EH n 23 17H ETB 67 43H C 111 6FH o 24 18H CAN 68 44H D 112 70H p 25 19H EM 69 45H E 113 71H q 26 1AH SUE 70 46H F 114 72H r 27 1BH ES1 71 47H G 115 73H S 28 1CH FS2 72 48
116. program that utilizes an operator interface terminal The BREAK command is used to disable and enable the ASCII BASIC module s CONTROL C BREAK feature BREAK 0 Following execution of the BREAK 0 statement when a CONTROL C character is received by the ASCII BASIC module program execution is NOT halted If the CONTROL C character is received while the module is in COMMAND mode the CONTROL C character is ECHOED to the transmitting device The character is only echoed during an INPUT statement if the character echo feature is enabled See the SETINPUT statement BREAK 1 Following execution of the BREAK 1 statement when a CONTROL C character is received by the ASCII BASIC module program execution is halted The module will assume this configuration following a RESET It is possible to configure a program to automatically run following RESET If the program immediately disables the CONTROL C break feature and does not provide a means for re enabling it THERE WILL BE NO WAY FOR THE PROGRAMMER TO STOP THE PROGRAM For this reason the programmer should provide a means for re enabling the CONTROL C interrupt from within the program There are several methods that may be incorporated to allow re enabling of the CONTROL C break feature Two methods are illustrated below example 1 THREE SECOND TIMEOUT example 2 0210 TIME 0 CLOCK1 0220 IF INKEY THEN END 0230 IF TIME lt 3 THEN 20 0240 BREAKO Rest of program PASSWORD 0210
117. put registers Al for the ASCII BASIC Module The reg num is a numeric expression that must yield an integer value between 0 and 7 inclusive Any other value will generate an Invalid argument error example 0 gt 10 OUT 0 BCD INP 0 0 gt 20 OUT 1 BNR INP 1 Using syntax 2 the OUT operator can also be used to assign the state of a single BIT in any of the 8 output registers The reg_numis a numeric expression which represents the register number 0 to 7 that contains the bit number 0 to 15 represented by bit_num An Invalid argument error is generated if either expression is out of range If the expr is nonzero the specified bit is set 1 otherwise the specified bit is cleared 0 example 0 gt OUT 0 7 1 REM Set bit 7 of register 0 0 gt OUT X Y 0 REM Clear bit Y of register X SEE ALSO INP MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 43 CH 4 we PHO SYNTAX PHO expr list The PHO statement is functionally identical to the PRINT statement except that all numeric values are PRINTed in HEXADECIMAL base 16 format The PHO statement will always display numeric values in at least two digits followed by an H character If the value displayed is less than 10H a leading zero is displayed If the value displayed is greater than 255 three or four digits will be displayed If a numeric value to be displayed is greater than 65535 the module will print the value in decimal format Numeric values are truncated t
118. r programs for their implementation during program debugging When an executing program encounters a STOP statement the line number following the STOP statement is displayed prior to entering the COMMAND mode MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 55 CH 4 example 0 gt 10 FOR l 1 TO 100 0 gt 20 PRINT 0 gt 30 STOP 0 gt 40 NEXT 0 RUN 1 STOP In line 40 Ready 021 50 0 gt CONT 51 STOP IN LINE 40 SEE ALSO CONT STRING SYNTAX STRING total bytes max string size s v s The STRING statement is used to allocate memory for character string storage Initially NO MEMORY is allocated for string storage If the user attempts to define a string variable such as 1 HELLO before the STRING statement has been used to allocate string memory a Memory allocation error is generated The total bytes numeric expression following the string statement represents the total number of bytes the user wishes to allocate for string storage The max string size numeric expression represents the maximum number of bytes that are in each string The meaning of these parameters is a bit ambiguous The ASCII BASIC Module requires one additional byte of storage for each string plus one additional byte overall This means that the statement STRING 100 10 would allocate enough memory for 9 ten character string variables and all 100 bytes would be used 10 1 9 1 The total number of bytes of string storage memory required M can be d
119. r tell BASIC that the variable Q no longer exists and have the 8 bytes that are allocated to Q freed up The only way to clear the memory that is allocated to a variable isto execute a CLEAR statement This will free up all memory allocated to ALL variables Ittakes BASIC longer to process variables whose names are greater than two characters in length Only the first character the last character and the number of characters in the variable name are significant This means thatthe following variable names will refer to the same memory space and are in essence the same variable because they all start with I end with R and contain 7 characters IN CHAR ILLFOUR INCDOOR The user MAY NOT USE ANY BASIC KEYWORD as part of a variable name A BAD SYNTAX error will be generated if the user attempts to use a BASIC reserved word as part of a variable name Thefollowing variable names are invalid TABLE uses TAB ONES uses ON CRABS uses ABS See appendix B for a list of all BASIC reserved words CHAPTER 3 Basic Programming Overview Page 3 5 3 4 10 Array Variables The variables described up to this point are called SCALAR variables Each variable name refers to only one 8 byte memory entity Variables may include a ONE DIMENSION subscript expression ranging from 0 to 254 enclosed in parentheses Thistype of variable is referred to as a dimensioned or array variable For example an array called MNTH might be used t
120. racters ASCII 0 to the console device following the transmission of a CARRIAGE RETURN character from the ASCII BASIC Module during COMMAND mode The addition of null characters can be used to provide additional time that might be required for a printer to mechanically perform the carriage return operation The number of null characters sent by the module is initially zero The NULL command affects only the PRIMARY port while the NULL command is used to configure the AUXILIARY port The NULL output option only operates while in COMMAND mode To obtain the same functionality during RUN mode see the DELAY statement SEE ALSO DELAY RESET SYNTAX RESET The RESET command will effectively cause the module to perform a software RESET just as though a hardware reset or power up had been performed The RESET command has been provided as a means to test the RESET options STARTUP AUTORUN etc without having to manipulate the hardware SEE ALSO AUTORUN STARTUP BREAK CLRMEM RUN SYNTAX RUN After RUN is typed all variables are set equal to zero any pending ONTIME interrupts are cleared and program execution begins with the first line number of the selected program The RUN command and the GOTO statement are the only way the user can place the ASCII BASIC Module into the RUN mode from the COMMAND mode Program execution may be terminated at any time by typing a CONTROL C character on the console device Some BASICs allow
121. ressions can actually be chained together using the LOGICAL operators AND OR XOR and NOT This makes it possible to test a rather complex condition with ONE statement example 0 10 IF A lt B AND A gt C OR A gt D THEN Additionally the NOT operator may be used to invert the result of a relational expression example 0 10 IF NOT A lt B AND A gt C THEN When using logical operators to link together relational expressions it is very important that the programmer pay careful attention to the precedence of operators The logical operators were assigned lower precedence relative to the relational operators just to make the linking of relational expressions possible without using parentheses The relational operators supported by the ASCII BASIC Module are equal lt not equal gt greater than gt less than gt greater than or equal lt less than or equal Equal operator Page 5 4 CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic and Relational Operators Used to test equality Ifthe two expressions are equal a TRUE result 65535 is returned otherwise a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 gt PRINT 0 0 O gt PRINT 1 0 65535 0 0 gt 10 IF 0 0 THEN PRINT Equal ELSE PRINT Not equal lt gt Not equal operator Used to testthe relation of two values Ifthe first expression is NOT EQUAL to the second expression a TRUE result 65535 is returned otherwise a FALSE result 0 is returned example 0 gt
122. return the sum of the two operands example O gt PRINT 3 2 O gt PRINT PI 5 5 8 1415926 When used in a string expression the addition operator will concatenate the two string operands See chapter 6 for more details example O gt PRINT This is a test This is a test Subtraction Operator The subtraction operator will return the difference of the two numeric operands example O gt PRINT 3 2 O gt PRINT PI 2 1 1 1415926 Multiplication Operator The multiplication operator will return the product of the two numeric operands example 0 gt PRINT3 2 O gt PRINTPI 4 6 12 566370 Division Operator The division operator will return the quotient of the two numeric operands example O gt PRINT 3 2 O gt PRINT PI 2 1 5 1 5707963 Exponentiation Operator The Exponentiation operator will return the value of the first operand raised to the power of the second operand example O gt PRINT 3 2 O gt PRINT PI 3 9 31 006275 5 3 Relational operators CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic and Relational Operators Page 5 3 Relational expressions involve the operators listed below These operators are typically used to test a condition Unlike most BASICs the ASCII BASIC Module returns a result of TRUE 65535 when the relational expression is true or FALSE 0 if the relational expression is false It may seem strange to have a relational expression actually return a result but is offers a unique benefit in that relational exp
123. s 32 bytes eight 16 bit Al input and eight 16 bit AQ output for both the PLC and the 80C320 Circuitry and software are provided in the firmware to insure data integrity on both sides CHAPTER 1 Introduction Page 1 3 1 2 9 Secondary Serial Port The ASCII BASIC Module is equipped with a secondary serial port This port is multiplexed between RS 232 RS 485 and modem optional The pinouts connections for all three ports are shown in appendix A Ifthe module that you have received is equipped with the modem option it is documented in a separate publication included with this document The commands statements and operators described in this manual that are used to manipulate the auxiliary serial port will affect the RS 232 serial port the RS 485 serial port and the modem in exactly the same manner The module also has two LED s located on the module front panel behind the plastic window for the auxiliary port They are labeled according to the RS 232 signal name to which they are connected the GREEN LED will illuminate whenever datais transmitted from the BASIC MODULE while the RED LED will illuminate whenever data is received by the ASCII BASIC MODULE For the modem option the GREEN LED represents off hook and the RED LED represents on hook line activity ring Page 1 4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction This page has intentionally been left blank CHAPTER 2 Installation Page 2 1 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 2 1 Module Placement
124. s a test 0 gt PRINT RIGHT 0 6 a test SEE ALSO LEFT MID PAGE 4 48 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 RND D e Su b wee SYNTAX RND z The RND operator returns a random number in the range between 0 and 1 inclusive The RND operator uses a 16 bit binary seed and generates 65536 random numbers before repeating the sequence The numbers generated are specifically between 0 65536 and 65535 65536 inclusive Unlike most BASICs the RND operator provided by the ASCII BASIC Module does not require an argument seed example 0 gt PRINT RND 2023926 0 gt PRINT RND 6832341 SYNTAX RTRAP const E It is possible to trap the ASCII BASIC Module in the RUN mode This option is evoked by executing the RTRAP 1 statement After this is done the ASCII BASIC Program is trapped in RUN mode forever or until the RTRAP 0 statement is executed If no program is present when the trap is set the ASCII BASIC module will continuously print the READY message until the device is RESET This option is normally used to prevent the application program from halting execution due to a BASIC error It is possible to configure a program to automatically run following RESET If the program immediately executes a RTRAP statement and does not provide a means for disabling it THERE WILL BE NO WAY FOR THE PROGRAMMER TO STOP THE PROGRAM For this reason the programmer should provide a means for executing a RTRAP 0 statement within the pro
125. ses the special function operator TIME Whenever the TIME operator is greater than or equal to the specified expr a timer interrupt is generated and program control is passed to the specified ine num Only the integer portion of the expression is compared to the integer portion of the TIME operator Once an ONTIME interrupt is generated the ONTIME interrupt is disarmed If recursive timer interrupts are to be generated on a periodic basis the ONTIME statement should be issued from WITHIN the timer interrupt service subroutine The RETI statement must be used in place of the RETURN statement in the timer interrupt subroutine Failure to do this will cause the ASCII BASIC Module to ignore all future interrupts MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 41 CH 4 example 0 gt 10 TIME 0 CLOCK1 ONTIME 2 100 0 gt 20 DO 0 gt 30 UNTIL TIME gt 10 0 gt 40 END 02100 PRINT Timer interrupt at TIME seconds 0 gt 110 ONTIME TIME 2 100 0 gt 120 RETI 0 gt RUN Timer interrupt at 2 045 seconds Timer interrupt at 4 045 seconds Timer interrupt at 6 045 seconds Timer interrupt at 8 045 seconds Timer interrupt at 10 045 seconds Note that in the previous example the TIME displayed is 45 milliseconds greater than the time that the interrupt was supposed to be generated This is due to the amount of time required to transmit the PRINTed string prior to the TIME display at 4800 baud To avoid this delay assign a variable to TIME at t
126. side a string variable example 0 STRING 257 63 0 0 is hidden CR This string 0 PRINT 0 This string is hidden SEE ALSO CHR CTS SYNTAX CTS The CTS operator is used to control the state of the hardware handshaking output on one of the two serial ports The CTS Clear To Send signal is pin 8 on the DB 9 connector This signal can be activated to it s high state by setting it to a nonzero value example 0 gt CTS 1 REM Sets the PRIMARY port CTS line HIGH 12V 0 gt PRINT CTS 65535 Likewise the CTS signal can be deactivated to it s low state by setting it to zero example 0 gt CTS 0 REM Sets the AUXILIARY port CTS line LOW 12V 0 PRINT CTS 0 As shown in the example above if a character is appended to the CTS operator the AUXILIARY port CTS line is manipulated SEE ALSO RTS PAGE 4 22 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 DATA P ew SYNTAX DATA expr expr expr The DATA statement specifies CONSTANT expressions that may be retrieved by a READ statement If multiple expressions are to be used for a single DATA statement the expressions must be separated by commas More than one DATA statement may appear within the same program in this case the expressions in the DATA statements will appear to BASIC as one long DATA statement DATA statements may appear anywhere in the program they are not executed and will not generate an error SEE ALSO READ RESTORE
127. sign precedes the value Also if the numeric value is to be displayed in decimal notation a trailing SPACE is appended to the displayed value otherwise the hexadecimal specifier H is displayed The PRINT keyword may be abbreviated as P or by a question mark example O gt PRINT 10 10 3 3 100 9 O gt PRINT Hello world Hello world O gt P 10 20 1E3 10 1000 0 The value of Pl is PI The value of PI is 3 1415926 SEE ALSO SPC TAB USING PHO PH1 CHR e PUSH e e SYNTAX PUSH expr expr expr The PUSH statement provides a means of passing parameters to BASIC subroutines via the BASIC ARGUMENT STACK Note that more than one value may be PUSHed with one PUSH statement The last value PUSHed onto the ARGUMENT STACK is always the first value POPped off of the ARGUMENT STACK The following example shows how the PUSH and POP statements can be used to swap two variables example 0210 A 5 B 10 0220 PRINT A B 0 gt 30 PUSH A B 0 gt 40 POP A B 0 gt 50 PRINT A B 0 RUN 510 105 SEE ALSO POP PAGE 4 46 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 READ SYNTAX READ var var var The READ statement is used to sequentially retrieve the expressions that appear in the DATA statement s It must be followed by one or more variable names Each var following the READ statement is assigned the value of the next unREAD expression in the DATA list If more than one var appears foll
128. so CLOCK FTIME ONTIME TIME UCASES SYNTAX UCASE string expr The UCASEG function will return the string expr with all of the alphabetic characters converted to upper case example 0 gt PRINT UCASE THIS is A tEsT THIS IS A TEST O gt STRING 257 31 0 gt 0 HorNEr ELEctRIc 0 gt PRINT UCASE 0 HORNER ELECTRIC SEE ALSO LCASE MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 59 CH 4 USING SYNTAX PRINT USING format expr list The USING statement is a special PRINT statement formatting option specifier and may ONLY appear following a PRINT statement The USING function is used to cause numeric data displayed in a predefined decimal format When a USING option is invoked the desired format is stored and used for all subsequent numeric displays until a new USING format is specified or the program terminates The USING keyword may be abbreviated U The following formats are available with the USING statement USING F This will force all numeric data to be displayed in exponential floating point format The value of x determines how many significant digits of the mantissa will be PRINTed If x is zero no trailing zeros are displayed and the number of significant digits displayed is dependent on the value Otherwise The module will always display at least 3 significant digits even if x is 1 or 2 The maximum value for x is 8 example 0210 PRINT USING F3 1 0220 PRINT USING F4 1 0230 PRINT USI
129. statement see IF 4 30 END Terminates program 4 25 ERC Returns arithmetic error code 4 25 EXP Returns e 2 7182818 to the x 4 25 FOR Iterative loop control 4 26 FREE Returns amount of available memory 4 27 FTIME Assigns returns frac portion of TIME 4 27 GOSUB Executes a subroutine 4 28 GOTO Jumps to specified line 4 28 Appendix B 2 KEYWORD HELP IDLE IF INBUF INKEY INP INPUT INSTR INT LCASE LD LEFT LEN LET LIST LOG MID MTOP NEW NEXT NOT NULL ON ONERR ONPORT ONTIME OUT PHO PH1 PI POP PRINT P PUSH READ REM RESTORE RESET RETI RETURN RIGHT RND RTRAP RTS RUN APPENDIX B Reserved Word List DESCRIPTION Displays ON LINE help information Waits for a BASIC interrupt Conditional statement Returns all characters in the INPUT buffer Returns next character in the INPUT buffer Returns Series 90 30 register Reads serial console input Returns position of string2 in string1 Returns integer portion of argument Returns string argument in lower case Stores afloating point value Returns leftmost characters of string Returns length of the current program Assigns a value to a variable Outputs program listing Returns natural logarithm Returns a portion of a string Assigns returns protected memory Erases DATA memory program Iterative loop control see FOR Returns ONES complement Sets NULL count following CR Case sensitive program vector contro
130. statements are used to alter or initialize the values of numeric variables CLEAR DIM LD PUSH DATA READ RESTORE LET POP ST 4 2 8 Serial Port Control Statements These statements are used to send and receive data to and from the ASCII BASIC module s PRIMARY and AUXILIARY serial ports CHR INBUF PHO RTS USING CMDPORT INKEY PH1 SETINPUT CTS INPUT PRINT TAB 4 2 4 Unary Operators These operators perform predefined numeric functions ABS BNR INP NOT SIN XBY ATN COS INT OUT SQR BCD EXP LOG SGN TAN 4 2 5 String Operators These operators manipulate character strings See chapter 6 for a complete discussion of string manipulation ASC INSTR LEN STRING VAL CHR LCASE MID STR CR LEFT RIGHTS UCASES MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 11 CH 4 4 26 Time Handling Operators These operators allow manipulation of the ASCII BASIC module s two timers the REAL TIME clock and the millisecond clock See chapter 7 for a complete discussion of the module s TIME handling capability CLOCK DATE FTIME TIME TIME 4 2 7 Special Function Operators These operators provide specific information regarding program size memory usage error status or special numeric values ERC FREE MTOP PI RND RUN SIZE 4 2 8 Configuration Statements These statements allow configuration of some of the ASCII BASIC module s characteristics BREAK CLRMEM RTRAP SETCOM 4 2 9 Logical Operators T
131. terminal screen is displayed A flashing cursor is displayed in the upper left corner of the display This cursor represents the location of the next character received 4 1 Transmitting and Receiving Data As data characters are received at the selected COM port they are displayed on the screen Each time a key on the keyboard is pressed it is transmitted to the selected COM port TRANSMITTED CHARACTERS ARE NOT ECHOED ON THE DISPLAY UNLESS THE RECEIVING DEVICE SENDS THEM Carriage return characters ASCII 13 andline feed characters ASCII 10 are displayed as intended Carriage returns will cause the cursorto revertto the first column ofthe currentline Line feeds will advance the cursor down one line but maintain the current column All other ASCII characters will be displayed as the IBM standard character set As datais received the cursor will advance Ifthe cursor reaches the 24th line ofthe display and a line feed character is received or data is received beyond the 79th column the display will scroll up one line and the data received will be displayed on the 24th line 4 2 Error Messages Noerrormessage are built in to the TERM program Communication errors are ignored disk errors will make TERM crash APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual Appendix F 9 SECTION 5 F2 FILE DOWNLOAD TERM has the ability to transmit a disk file to the selected COM port This is initiated by pressing the F2 k
132. thematics itis possible to write complex expressions using only a minimal amount of parenthesis It s easy to illustrate what precedence is all about for example 4 3 2 Should you add 4 3 and then multiply seven by 2 or should you multiply 3 2 then add 4 The hierarchy of mathematics dictates that multiplication has precedence over addition so the answer is 4 3 2 10 The rules for this hierarchy are simple When an expression is scanned from leftto right an operation is not performed until an operator of lower or equal precedence is encountered Inthe example the addition could not be performed because the multiplication has higher precedence In the ASCII BASIC Module the precedence of operators from highest to lowest is as follows Operators that use parenthesis Exponentiation Negation Multiplication and Division Addition and Subtraction Relational Expressions lt gt gt lt gt lt Logical AND AND Logical OR OR Logical XOR XOR O O NO Oe ON Whenever in doubt about the rules for operator precedence use parenthesis 5 2 Arithmetic operators The arithmetic operators supported by the ASCII BASIC Module are listed below addition subtraction multiplication division exponentiation Page 5 2 CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic and Relational Operators Addition Operator The addition operator when used in a numeric expression will
133. ther so long as there is NO POSSIBILITY of it being used at one location while itis being used at another Justlike a bookthatcan t be read by two different people intwo differentplaces atthe same time neither canthe software be used by two different people in two different places at the same time unless of course Horner Electric s copyright has been violated APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION What is TERM 1 1 Equipment Requirements SECTION 2 INVOCATION Running TERM 2 1 Installing TERM 2 2 Running TERM for the First Time 2 3 Screen Colors 2 4 Exiting TERM SECTION 3 F1 CONFIGURING TERM 3 1 The TERM CFG Configuration File 3 2 What Happens when F1 is Pressed 3 3 COM Port Selection 3 4 Baud Rate Selection 3 5 Parity Type Selection 3 6 Data Bit Selection 3 7 Stop Bit Selection 3 8 Handshake Type Selection 3 9 Display Type Selection SECTION 4 THE TERMINAL SCREEN 4 1 Transmitting and Receiving Data 4 2 Error Messages SECTION 5 F2 FLE DOWNLOAD 5 1 Selecting a File to Download SECTION 6 F3 FILE UPLOAD 6 1 Selecting a Filename 6 2 What Happens During the Upload APPENDIX A ANSI COMPATIBILITY Page F 4 Page F 4 Page F 5 Page F 5 Page F 5 Page F 5 Page F 5 Page F 6 Page F 6 Page F 6 Page F 6 Page F 6 Page F 7 Page F 7 Page F 7 Page F 7 Page F 7 Page F 8 Page F 8 Page F 8 Page F
134. tored in battery backed memory Initially this value is set to the last available address of DATA memory MTOP is used by basic to determine the location of variables and string storage space The user may assign a different value to MTOP allowing a region of protected DATA memory for use with the XBY LD and ST statements If MTOP is assigned a value beyond available DATA memory a MEMORY ALLOCATION error is generated If a program modifies the MTOP value it should be done in the FIRST statement of the program as BASIC will store any referenced variable or string starting from MTOP down The amount of unused DATA memory can be determined using the LEN and FREE commands described in this chapter example 0 gt PRINT MTOP 32767 02 MTOP 32700 REM BASIC will not use memory from here to 32767 0 gt PRINT MTOP 32700 SEE ALSO DIM FREE SIZE STRING PAGE 4 38 26 JAN 2001 MANO047 02 CH 4 NOT Fw e SYNTAX NOT expr The NOT operator returns the 16 bit ONE S COMPLEMENT of the expr The expr is a numeric expression that must solve to a valid integer 0 to 65535 inclusive Non integers will be truncated NOT rounded example 0 gt PRINT NOT 65000 0 gt PRINT NOT 0 535 65535 SEE ALSO AND OR XOR ON GOSUB SYNTAX ON expr GOSUB ine num line num line num The ON GOSUB statement will evaluate the numeric expr and transfer program control to one of the specified line numbers in the
135. tring expressions are in any way different a FALSE 0 result is returned When using the gt lt lt or gt operators in a relational string expression the two string expressions are compared character by character until a non match is encountered or until the end of one of the strings is reached If a character non match is found the ASCII values ofthe two characters are compared and the resultis based onthese values If the end of one of the strings is reached the result will be based on the comparison of the string lengths CHAPTER 6 String Handling example 0 gt PRINT TEST gt test 0 example 0 gt PRINT TEST lt test 65535 example 0 gt PRINT TEST gt test 0 example 0 gt PRINT TEST test 65535 Page 6 3 string expr1 gt string expr2 0 gt PRINT TEST gt TEST O gt PRINT test gt TEST 0 65535 string expr1 lt string expr2 O gt PRINT TEST lt TEST O gt PRINT test lt TEST 0 0 string_expr1 gt string expr2 0 gt PRINT TEST gt TEST 0O gt PRINT test gt TEST 65535 65535 string expr1 lt string expr2 0 gt PRINT TEST TEST O gt PRINT test lt TEST 65535 0 Page 6 4 CHAPTER 6 String Handling This page has intentionally been left blank CHAPTER 7 Error Handling Page 7 1 CHAPTER 7 ERROR HANDLING 7 1 Error Messages The ASCII BASIC Module provides a relatively sophisticated ERROR processor When an error is encountered in an ex
136. trol is passed using a GOTO or GOSUB statement Whenever a new line number is encountered execution is halted and the line number of the next line to be executed is displayed example O gt LIST 10 PRINT This is line 10 20 PRINT This is line 20 30 PRINT This is line 30 40 PRINT This is line 40 50 GOTO 10 Ready 0 gt STEP This is line 10 LINE STEP In line 20 Ready 0 gt STEP This is line 20 LINE STEP In line 30 Ready 0 Note that whenever program execution is halted due to the STEP command the LINE STEP is displayed prior to the line number of the next line to be executed When BREAK is displayed the program was halted because of a BREAK breakpoint and STOP is displayed when execution is halted due to a STOP statement or a control C break SEE ALSO BREAK CONT STOP PAGE 4 10 26 JAN 2001 MAN0047 02 CH 4 4 2 BASIC Statements and Operators All of the BASIC statements are described in this section and are grouped below according to the type of function performed The BASIC statements are listed in alphabetical order on the following pages 4 2 1 Program Control Statements These statements are used to alter program flow or to transfer program execution to a specified point in the program or to a different program CHAIN DO UNTIL GOSUB RETURN ONERR ONTIME CLEAR I DO WHILE GOTO ON GOSUB REM CLEAR S END IDLE ON GOTO RETI DELAY FOR TO STEP NEXT IF THEN ELSE ONPORT STOP 4 2 2 Data Manipulation Statements These
137. ts are executed if the LAST target statement of the IF THEN ELSE statement is executed example 0210 X20 0220 IF X 0 THEN PRINT X is PRINT equal to zero 0 gt RUN X is equal to zero Ready 0 gt 10 X 1 0 gt 20 IF X 0 THEN PRINT zero ELSE PRINT Greater PRINT than zero 0 gt RUN Greater than zero Notice that multiple statements can NOT appear between the THEN and the ELSE MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 31 CH 4 INBUF SYNTAX INBUF The INBUF operator is a READ ONLY special function operator that will return a character string that represents all of the characters currently in the INPUT buffer for the specified serial port The characters are NOT removed from the buffer If the character is appended to the INBUF operator the AUXILIARY serial INPUT buffer is returned otherwise the PRIMARY serial buffer is returned The INBUF operator is useful when dealing with a serial communications protocol The string operators can be used to determine the number of characters waiting in the buffer or if a particular terminating character has been received example 0 gt 100 IF LEN INBUF gt 10 THEN 200 REM Wait for 10 characters 0 gt 110 IF INSTR INBUF CR gt 0 THEN 200 REM Wait for a CR 0 gt 120 GOTO 100 0 gt 200 INPUT 0 REM Read the buffer SEE ALSO INKEY INPUT SETINPUT LEN re INKEY pG SYNTAX INKEY The INKEY special function operator will only produce a meanin
138. ts are restarted from the beginning To terminate the diagnostic test execution the user must simply press any key At that point the module will behave as though it had just been reset Note that any programs stored in the DATA memory will be lost MANO047 02 26 JAN 2001 PAGE 4 5 CH 4 EDIT SYNTAX EDIT integer The EDIT command transfers the program specified by the integer into program 0 DATA memory so that it may be edited If the integer is omitted the currently selected program is transferred If program 0 in DATA memory exists when the EDIT command is issued it will be overwritten by the transferred program This command is most often used to place a PROGRAM FILE program into program 0 in DATA memory for editing and debugging a HELP ca SYNTAX HELP keyword The ASCII BASIC module incorporates a very useful ON LINE HELP system If HELP is entered with no argument a full screen of information is displayed containing the HELP syntax and all of the BASIC keywords implemented by the module If a keyword is specified following the HELP command specific usage and syntax information is displayed pertaining to the BASIC keyword Note that keywords should be entered EXACTLY as they appear in the HELP screen including parenthesis if required If an unrecognized keyword is entered following the HELP command the HELP screen is displayed LIST SYNTAX LIST 2 start line num end line num The LIST c
139. ut cannot be edited The following table illustrates the PROGRAM FILE memory map 32768 8000H 65023 FDFFH The first 16 bytes of the PROGRAM FILE memory are used to store important configuration information such as the primary port baud rate the STARTUP mode and the AUTORUN program number These bytes should NEVER be manipulated by the XBY or ST commands Appendix E 2 APPENDIX E Memory Configuration This page has intentionally been left blank APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual Appendix F 1 APPENDIX F TERMINAL EMULATION SOFTWARE USER S MANUAL TERM Dumb Terminal Emulation Program Version 2 23 Operations Manual April 6 1990 Appendix F 2 APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT This software is protected by both United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions Therefore you must treat this software JUST LIKE A BOOK with the following single exception Horner Electric authorizes you to make archival copies ofthe software for the sole purpose of backing up our software and protecting yourinvestment from loss This software is in no way copy protected and may be placed on and run from a fixed storage device By saying just like a book Horner Electric means for example that this software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved from one computer location to ano
140. utputs specified number of spaces Returns square root Configures the modules behavior after RESET Displays memory and configuration data Stores floating point value Single step or Iterative loop control see FOR Halts program execution Allocates memory for STRING storage Returns the string equivalent of an expr Outputs spaces until at specified pos Returns TANGENT Conditional statement see IF Assigns returns millisecond clock Assigns returns real time clock Iterative loop control see FOR Returns string argument in upper case Iterative loop control see DO Defines numeric output format Same as USING Returns numeric equivalent of string Iterative loop control see DO Assigns returns data at given address Appendix B 3 PAGE 4 7 4 7 4 50 4 51 4 52 4 52 4 52 4 53 4 53 4 8 4 8 4 54 4 9 4 26 4 54 4 55 4 56 4 56 4 57 Appendix B 4 APPENDIX B Reserved Word List This page has intentionally been left blank APPENDIX C Configuration Jumpers Appendix C 1 APPENDIX C CONFIGURATION JUMPERS The ASCII BASIC Module is equipped with several hardware jumper areas JP1 JP3 and JP4 are factory configured jumpers These jumpers should notbe modified by the user Changing any of the pre configured jumpers may cause the module to malfunction JP2 is used to enable and disable the 5 VDC power supply on pin 5 of the 15 pin secondary port If this jumper is installed 5 VDC will be supplied to
141. y If this error occurs the PROGRAM FILE structure will be disrupted and the user will not be able to save any further programs in the PROGRAM FILE memory Argument stack overflow Ifthe ARGUMENT STACK pointer is forced out of bounds an Argument stack erroris generated This canhappen ifthe user attempts to PUSH too many values onto the ARGUMENT STACK or by attempting to POP data from the ARGUMENT STACK when no data is present Control stack overflow Ifthe CONTROL STACK pointer is forced out of bounds a Control stack erroris generated 158 bytes of memory are allocated to the CONTROL STACK FOR NEXT loops require 17 byte of CONTROL STACK DO UNTIL and DO WHILE and GOSUB statements require 3 bytes of CONTROL STACK Iftoo many nested loops are implemented the CONTROL STACK will overflow and the Control stack error is generated Additionally if a NEXT statementis executed before a FOR statement or if an UNTIL ora WHILE statement are executed before a DO or ifa RETURN is executed prior to a GOSUB this error occurs Internal stack overflow The Internal stack overflow error indicates that the ASCII BASIC module has run out of internal expression analysis stack space This error should never occur if it does simplify the expression that generates the error CHAPTER 7 Error Handling Page 7 3 Array size exceeded or not specified If an array is dimensioned by a DIM statement and then you attempt to access a variable that is outsi
142. y time the configuration is changed Therefore once you have run TERM the first time the terminal screen will appear after the sign on message and the configuration will be set as it was during the last session with TERM 2 3 Screen Colors If you are using a color display the colors generated by TERM are those used by DOS when the TERM program is invoked You can use the DOS PROMPT command or several third party packages to alter the screen colors used by DOS prior to running TERM if a color display is desired 2 4 Exiting TERM At any time during terminal mode the F10 key may be pressed to cause TERM to terminate returning control to DOS Appendix F 6 APPENDIX F Terminal Emulation Software User s Manual SECTION 3 F1 CONFIGURING TERM 3 1 The TERM CFG Configuration File TERM is distributed as a single file called TERM EXE Following the initial invocation of TERM you will notice an additional file called TERM CFG located on the directory that was logged when TERM was invoked This file contains the information regarding the COM port configuration as it was set during the previous session with TERM The following information is stored inthe TERM CFG file the information in parentheses denotes the value displayed onthe configuration menu if no TERM CFG file is present COM port 1 Baud rate 9600 Parity type N Number of data bits 8 Number of stop bits 1 Handshake type XON XOFF Display m

ASCII BASIC CoProcessor Manual for HE693ASC900

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