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Membership Card Manual, rev.H2

1. 0008 7B 0111 1011 SEQ 1f Q was 0 then SEt Q 1 0009 38 0011 1000 SKP and SKIP next instruction 000A 7A 0111 1010 REQ else Q was 1 so REset Q 0 000B 30 00110000 BR BRanch unconditionally 000C 00 00000000 0 to address 0 to begin again The instructions from 0000 to 0002 set up a 16 bit counter in register 2 and set it to hex 08xx Instructions 0003 to 0006 are a loop so register 2 counts down until it gets to hex OOFF The high byte is then 00 and the low byte is left at FF so the BNZ instruction stops looping and the program continues at address 0007 The LSQ instruction tests Q if Q 1 it skips ahead 2 and resets Q to 0 If Q 0 it continues to set Q to 1 The result is to toggle Q on off with each pass Finally the Branch instruction at 000B jumps back to the beginning to repeat the whole thing forever You can control the speed by changing the value at 0001 or by adjusting trimpot R1 PROGRAM 3 READ SWITCHES AND DISPLAY VALUE IN LEDS This program is a bit more complex It reads the 8 data switches and displays their settings on the 8 LEDs It tests the Membership Card s ability to read and write to the switches and lights Run it with S8 up write address machine code RO Hex Binary Mnemonic Comments 0000 El 11100001 SEX 1 Set X register to 1 OMG 1802 s have sex instructions 0001 90 10010000 GHIO Get HIgh byte of register 0 in D sets D 0 0002 B1 1011 0001 PHI 1 Put D in HIgh byte of register 1 so R
2. 2 C6 0 luF X7R axial lead ceramic capacitor Mallory P20R104K5 Jameco 536542 If you are not installing U8 skip the steps in the following box To install U8 do steps A B and C A U2 If U2 is installed unplug it and set it aside On the socket for U2 remove the 3 plastic bars that connect its two rows of pins The easiest way is to melt them in two with your soldering iron then cut off the excess with your diagonal cutters This makes room for U8 to fit under U2 B U8 32k 0 3 wide 28 pin RAM CY7C199 or equivalent for example Jameco 242376 Install it at location U8 on the board Be sure the pin 1 end matches the board Solder U8 directly to the board without a socket a socket makes it too tall to fit under U2 C C6 0 luF ceramic capacitor with axial leads yellow marked 104 Jameco 536542 Install it like the resistors Yes it s a tight fit If needed carefully remove a little plastic from socket U2a to make room The easiest way to do this is to melt it away with your soldering iron U2 32k 0 6 wide 28 pin memory IC marked CXK58256P 10L or equivalent Plug it into the socket so the notched end matches the board Now we ll do the rest of the ICs Install each one so the notched end matches the board Bend a couple pins if necessary to hold it in place Then solder all the pins and cut off the excess Note These ICs don t have sockets If you add sockets remember they must have a very low h
3. 0 025 square pins on 0 100 centers located in the top left corner of the Front Panel board There are many mating connectors For example the 4 pin cable used in PCs between the CDROM drive and sound card can be used Other choices include A Molex KK series 22 01 3047 housing and 08 55 0102 terminals www jameco com 234819 and 234931 Common and easy to use but not latched or keyed B AMP latch series 25403S 04 header 25403H 04 R housing 25403T terminals www jameco com 152734 152741 181673 High quality latched keyed if you use its header hard to install terminals P4 pin Name Function dic o VDD or VCC the power supply positive 3 to 5 volts DC 2 RUN Controls the 1802 s clock oscillator Connect to pin 1 to Run leave pin 2 open to Stop 3 LED LED negative Connect to pin 4 to enable the LEDs leave pin 3 open to disable the LEDs 4 VSS or ground common the power supply negative Wire your power connector with positive on P4 pins 1 2 and negative on pins 3 4 To turn the Membership Card on plug the power connector onto the board This makes RUN high clock runs and LED low LEDs enabled To turn it off unplug the connector RUN goes low so the clock stops and the LEDs are disabled to minimize power 13 On Rev D and later D connector J2 pin 18 can be used for the power input It has a diode in series D12 so applying AC or reversing the power won t hurt anything If you power your Members
4. Pry off the plastic body and cut the pins on the bottom as short as possible Hint To remove excess solder from the top temporarily push the plastic onto the top of the pins to hold them in place and re solder the pins from the bottom P2 5 pin header Install P2 the same as P1 Measure the height of the pins on top If more than 1 4 6 3mm high tap them down into the plastic body They must not be higher or they will short to the Front Panel Solder on top and cut the plastic body and pins on the bottom as short as possible P3 6 pin header Install it the same as P1 and P2 I supplied an 8 pin part Remove 2 pins so it fits on the board Be sure the pins are no more than 1 4 6 3mm above the board TETTI d Dev4pins bmp Insert from bottom check height solder from top cut off pin and body under board ICs and static electricity Old pros and young fools can skip this paragraph ICs are easy to damage with static electricity Keep them in their protective packaging until needed When you remove an IC keep it in your hand until it is on the board Pick up the board or tool with your other hand Do not have the IC be the first thing to touch the tool or board That way any static electricity discharges into you and not the IC ICs are polarity sensitive they must be installed with the pin 1 end matching the marking on the board The pin end may be marked in a number of ways with a dot notch or line etc When the p
5. bytes RAM and or EPROM that s kilobytes not megabytes U2 holds 2k 32k of RAM or EPROM plus optional U8 for an additional 32k of RAM supercapacitor holds data and programs in RAM without power one 8 bit output port with LEDs one 8 bit input port with switches one l bit output with LED four 1 bit flag inputs one with a pushbutton switch one with LED one interrupt input 4 pin power connector V RUN LED and V 25 pin DB25 connector with all the I O and power on it DB25 can plug into a PC parallel port to operate the Membership Card with the PC DB25 also has RS 232 and TTL serial I O using Q and EF3 3 1 2 x 2 1 8 x 3 4 89 x 54 x 19 mm voltage 3v to 5v DC current 0 1 to 2ma depending on clock speed and supply voltage plus 1 3ma for each LED that is on a hint of curiously strong peppermint Unlike modern microcomputers that require an expensive PC and huge software programs to do anything the Membership Card is totally self sufficient No PC is needed and no special software is required You can power it from a small solar panel and program it with nothing but the front panel switches and lights If you ever get stranded on a desert island and need to compute this is the computer to have in your pocket The complete package The Membership Card Front Panel and Cover Card all fit in an Altoids tin 3 Assembly Getting it all together This ain t no Heathkit but I m working to make it as easy to build a
6. of headphones or a small speaker between J2 pin 15 Q and pin 20 ground you ll hear an audio tone Adjusting R1 the SPEED trimpot changes the pitch Or we can use the WAIT mode to temporarily stop the program 10 01 WAIT Stop right where you are The 1802 freezes where it is in the program The Q bit may be caught set or reset Flipping S10 up and down will RUN and WAIT the program sometimes catching Q set red sometimes reset green WAIT is handy for debugging you can stop at any time and check any point in the circuit with a meter or logic probe to see what is going on then continue execution 15 Here is a bit longer program It does the same thing blinks Q but much s l o w e r Use the same sequence of switch flipping as above Let s simplify the description so it s not so wordy See if you can figure out how to enter it Hint There s a cheat sheet at the end of this manual PROGRAM 2 BLINK Q SLOW Blink the Q LED slowly address machine code RO Hex Binary Mnemonic Human readable comments 0000 F8 11111000 LDI LoaD Immediately 0001 08 00001000 8 Ad 0002 B2 10110010 PHIR2 Put it in the HI half of register 2 0003 22 00100010 DEC R2 DECrement register 2 0004 92 10010010 GHIR2 Get the HI half of register 2 0005 3A 0011 1010 BNZ Branch if it is Not Zero 0006 03 00000011 3 to address 3 loops 8 x 256 2048 times 0007 CD 11001101 LSQ Long Skip over next 2 instructions if Q 1
7. or shorted Check the voltage on 1802 EF4 input It should be high and go low when you push the IN button If it s the opposite you have the pushbutton in backwards Here is how LOAD mode works Press IN The 1802 EF4 pin and flip flop USB pin 11 go low Release IN EF4 goes high USB sets so its Q output pin 12 goes low This makes 1802 DMA IN go low The 1802 does a DMA in cycle It puts an address on MAO 7 and pulses MWR low to write to memory During a Write cycle MRD is high N2 or LOAD is also high as we are in LOAD mode so U4C pin 10 is low This enables U6 to put the 8 DATA switches on BUSO BUS7 where they get written into memory 1802 SC1 is high during a DMA cycle this resets USB The 1802 then does a read cycle MRD low to read the byte just written to memory MRD low lets USA set when TPB goes high to latch the byte in U7 Still doesn t work Email me for help at leeahart earthlink net Failing that send it to me and I ll fix it 17 Last Writes I m still working on this manual to add better assembly directions instructions for troubleshooting and ways to use your PC to load and save programs without all that flippin switch flipping I hope what I have so far is enough to get you going If not please contact me with comments corrections questions or ways to improve it My contact information is on the first page Watch the websites listed below for the latest details Changes along the wa
8. red green common cathode clear with 3 leads D9 10 13 14 diode 1N4148 clear red case D11 D15 D12 Jla b c J2 Pl P2 P3 P4 R4 R8 10 diode 1N5231B 5 1v zener clear red case diode 1N5818 Schottky black case socket 10 pin top entry Molex 22 18 2101 connector 25 pin DB25 female vertical PC mount header 30 pin with 0 025 square pins on 0 1 centers header 5 pin with 0 025 square pins on 0 1 centers header 4x2 pin with 0 025 square pins on 0 1 centers header 4 pin with 0 025 square pins on 0 1 centers transistor 5LNO1SP N channel MOSFET marked YB4F transistor 5LP01SP P channel MOSFET marked XB5A transistor FJN4303 PNP with base resistors marked R4303 transistor 2N3904 NPN marked 2N3904 transistor FJN3307 NPN with base resistors marked R3307 trimpot 1meg BI Tech 64WR1MEG 3 leads gray cube resistor 100k 1 4w brown black black orange violet resistor 499k 1 4w yellow white white orange brown R5 R12 R13 SIP resistor 8 pin 7 x 100k black marked L81S104 R7 Ril R14 S0 S10 nuts S11 U1 U1 socket U2 socket U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U9 U10 PCB screw spacer standoff jackscrew jumper case resistor 1Imeg 1 4w brown black green gold SIP resistor 10 pin 9 x 1k black marked L101S102 resistor 3 3k 1 4w orange orange red gold toggle switch subminiature SPDT for the toggle switches pushbutton switch subminiature SPDT 1802 microprocessor
9. s Q output is high and green when the 1802 s EF3 input pin is high Since Q and EF3 are used for serial I O this LED is off when idle and blinks red or green when data is sent or received If nothing is connected to the serial input D8 is green if configured for NORMAL serial input think of it as a power on indicator If configured for INVERTED serial input D8 will be off A If you don t have a Cover Card use the bare Front Panel board as a template to drill the Altoids tin or your own plastic or metal panel I use the bottom of the Altoids tin as my front panel Drill small 1 32 holes for the switches LEDs D connector J2 and power connector P4 Then remove the PC board and enlarge the holes to the final size Use a step drill bit which won t tear the thin metal This is a long drill bit with a single cutting edge and steps in it to drill a dozen or so sizes from 1 8 to 1 2 Cut the D connector opening with a nibbling tool or a lot of hand filing B The optional Cover Card is available at http www sunrise ev com membershipcard htm It has all the labels and holes made for you see photo on page 3 Just cut a big hole in the Altoids tin and use the card to cover the hole Solder screw or glue it in place when done assembling the boards 11 Pushbutton switch Printed side D8 White 3 lead LED Put the Put it on the board with shortest lead in the left hole and the printed side up in this the flat side of the c
10. two 4 screws The last page of this manual is a cheat sheet summary of operation Cut out one vertical column and fold it to fit inside the Altoids box It s a handy reminder and also keeps the pins on the back of the board from shorting to the metal case Power On Now it s time for the smoke test We ll connect power and try not to let any of the magic smoke out Old timers will tell you that electronic devices don t work if the smoke gets out The Membership Card takes very little power 3v to 5v DC at Ima plus a few ma for each LED that is lit You can use three 1 5v batteries a single lithium 3 6v cell an old cellphone charger that outputs Svdc or even the solar panel from a scrapped calculator for power For example a battery holder with three AA cells in a second Altoids tin works nicely R1 sets the clock frequency 12 turns end to end Fully clockwise is very slow but very low power Fully counter clockwise is maximum speed which is OK at 5v but too fast with a 3v supply C1 is a ceramic resonator at 5v it will lock in to 1 8 MHz with R1 adjusted fully counter clockwise then clockwise 3 4 to 1 turn Zener diode D11 is an idiot diode If power is connected backwards or is over 5 1 volts or is AC instead of DC then D11 shorts it out to protect the rest of the board At worst D11 will get hot and fail shorted but it s cheap and easy to replace P4 is the power connector It is a common male header with four
11. 1 00xx 0003 F8 11111000 LDI Load D Immediately with 0004 10 0001 0000 10h 10 hex 0005 A1 10100001 PLO 1 Put D in the LOw half of R1 so R1 is now 0010 0006 6C 01101100 INP4 INPut port 4 front panel switches amp write it to memory at R1 0007 64 01100100 OUT 4 OUTput to port 4 front panel LEDs contents of memory at R1 0008 30 00110000 BR BRanch unconditionally 0009 00 00000000 0 to address 0000 16 More Programming Toggling in programs with the Front Panel gets old fast doesn t it It s really just there for testing and debugging For bigger programs you ll want to use either the Parallel or Serial port to download programs from your PC If your PC has a parallel port all you need is a standard DB 25 male to male cable Download the program at http www sunrise ev com MembershipCard ELF LINK BAS Set Read Write switch S8 to READ down all other switches UP and run the ELF LINK program This is a Microsoft QuickBASIC program that can completely control the Membership Card it can operate all the switches monitor all the LEDs load and save programs etc Even if you don t like BASIC the program is posted in plain ASCII so you can write a version in your favorite programming language Now who will be the first to translate it into C If you don t have a parallel port there are many other ways to automate control and program loading See the web page at http www sunrise ev com membershipcard htm projects for s
12. 40 pin ultra low height Mill Max 115 43 640 41 003000 Source Mouser 520 ZTT180MG Jameco 1570161 Digikey 283 2818 ND Mouser 810 FK14X7RIE475K Jameco 253753 Digikey 754 1232 ND Jameco 36038 Jameco 179047 Jameco 177957 Digikey WM3241 ND Jameco 15165 Jameco 103342 Jameco 2076789 Jameco 109517 Jameco 117560 Mouser 863 5LNOISP Mouser 863 5LP01SP Mouser 512 FJN4303RTA Jameco 38359 Mouser 512 FJN3303RTA Jameco 2194902 Jameco 691340 Jameco 691500 470k Mouser 858 L081S104LF Jameco 691585 Jameco 97877 Jameco 690988 Digikey CKN1091 ND comes with the switch Digikey CKN1740 ND eBay or TMSI that s me Digikey ED90220 ND 32k RAM supplied Use 2k 32k RAM 6116 6264 62256 etc Jameco 42850 32k RAM or EPROM 2716 27256 or 27C16 27C256 etc 28 pin very low height Mill Max 115 43 628 41 001000 74HC373 or 74HCT373 octal latch 4093 quad 2 input NAND gate Schmitt trigger 4013 dual D flip flop 74HC244 or 74HCT244 octal buffer 74HC374 or 74HCT374 octal D flip flop 4071 quad 2 input OR 74HC157 or 74HCT157 quad data selector Membership Card rev H2 and Front Panel Card rev H 4 40 x 3 16 round head machine screw 4 x 3 16 dia 1 8 long plastic spacer 4 40 x 3 16 dia 5 16 long hex female threaded standoff 4 40 x 3 16 dia 187 long female 0 515 long male jumpers for P2 and P3 headers Altoids or equivalent tin candy box Jameco 39731 32k EPROM Digikey ED90205 ND Jameco 45831 Jam
13. LNOISP N channel MOSFET transistor black with 3 leads marked YB4F Tiny isn t it Insert it on the board at location Q1 with the larger flat side marked YB4F facing up toward R1 Put the center lead in the bottom hole and the other two leads in the top holes Push it down so it is less than 1 4 6mm high Q2 SLPOISP P channel MOSFET transistor black with 3 leads marked XB5A Insert it at location Q2 with the larger flat side marked XB5A facing down toward C6 RI 1 megohm trimpot a gray cube with 3 leads marked WR1MEG Diodes are polarity sensitive and have a colored a band around one end Be sure the banded end matches the band shown on the board D9 1N4148 a reddish glass tube with a wire at each end and 1N4148 printed on it in tiny letters Bend the leads and place it on the board at D9 with the banded end as shown on the board Solder each lead and cut off the excess D10 1N4148 D14 1N4148 D11 1N5231B reddish glass marked 1N5231B It has tape on its leads marked D11 T a E a Sat gt a Now for the pin headers They get soldered on top which is easier without the ICs in the way Hint Cover the nearby IC holes with a piece of masking tape so you don t accidentally plug them with solder P1 30 pin header Insert the pins so the plastic body is against the bottom of the board see drawing below Solder the pins on the top side Don t use too much solder
14. Set S7 SO to 0000 0000 then press IN Loads hex 00 Na ef 0 Sf tells Branch Unconditionally where to jump in this case back to 0 displays it then advances RO to 0004 Our program is loaded Let s read it back to see if it is correct 11 S10S9S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Mode Description 5 1 0 CLEAR Reset the 1802 sets RO to address 0000 6 100 Cage yt el READ Set S8 down so we can read memory 7 000 aa LOAD Set both S9 and S10 down x000 01111011 a Press the IN button This reads memory address 0000 Me a A B displays its contents in the LEDs 0111 1011 which is hex 7B then advances RO from address 0000 to 0001 x000 01111010 b Press IN again Displays 0111 1010 hex 7A from 7 LA address 0001 then advances RO from 0001 to 0002 x000 00110000 c Press IN again Displays 0011 0000 hex 30 from 3 _ oO address 0002 then advances RO to 0003 X00 0 00000000 d Press IN again Displays 0000 0000 hex 00 from 0 0 address 0003 then advances to 0004 If our program is correct now we can run it 8 0 aa CLEAR Reset the 1802 set RO back to address 0000 9 1 RUN Both S9 and S10 up The 1802 begins running the program starting at address 0000 1 1 This program is very simple it tells the 1802 to turn the Q LED on red then off green and repeat forever But it s doing it so fast that the LED looks orange To prove that it s really going on and off connect a pair
15. The 1802 Membership Card For me and you and the 1802 TMSI c o Lee Hart 814 8th Ave N Sartell MN 56377 USA leeahart earthlink net http www sunrise ev com membershipcard htm Rev H2 last revised 11 14 2015 1 What the heck is this It s an adventure by cracky The Membership Card is your ticket to the weird and wonderful world of microcomputing Our guide will be the COSMAC 1802 perhaps the oddest and most entertaining microprocessor yet invented I hope you ll find this manual to be equally odd and entertaining The COSMAC 1802 was created in the 1970 s at the dawn of the microcomputer revolution by Joseph Weisbecker of RCA Corporation It used their new CMOS fabrication process which had very low power consumption high noise immunity and was very simple to use It was intended for military and aerospace applications too tough for other microcomputers to survive But Joe was a hacker at heart He wrote a series of articles starting in the August 1976 issue of Popular Electronics magazine called Build the COSMAC ELF It described a simple low cost computer using the 1802 microprocessor At the time microcomputer systems cost hundreds to thousands of dollars Hmm they still do today But Weisbecker s ELF cost about 80 Yet it was an honest to goodness real live computer able to do anything its much bigger cousins could do albeit a bit slower and cruder It was the ideal computer trainer Hobbyists built thou
16. UT the etched jumpers on the bottom of the board U2 LO U8 HI and jumper U2 HI and U8 LO a Install RAM at U8 Load programs with the Front Panel Socket U2 can be empty b Or put a 2k to 32k EPROM at U2 with programs that run in high memory i e the Elf2K ROM Use the Front Panel to Load a LBR address instruction then Run it to jump to the EPROM Jumper options A B Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 are on the Front Panel card Ifyou want to plug J2 into a PC parallel port short A B and leave O0 O1 O2 and O3 open This multiplexes the eight OUT4 bits into 4 bits so a PC parallel port can control the Membership Card A B If you want to use J2 as a general purpose I O port with all eight OUT4 bits on pins of J2 leave A B open and short O0 O1 O2 and O3 Re install the Cover Card with 4 mounting hardware as shown on page 11 Plug the Membership Card and Front Panel cards together Look between them to be sure that NOTHING touches between the two boards except the 30 pin connector P1 J1 the top of trimpot R1 and the two hex standoffs If anything else touches rework your solder joints or trim the leads on the back of the Front Panel so there are no shorts 12 Put nuts on a few of the switches like the ones at each end There isn t room for nuts on all of them They aren t really needed for such a small board The hardware for J2 usually does the job Finally screw the Membership Card to the threaded standoffs in J2 with
17. and has done a great job documenting it many thanks Herb There are loads of design notes history software examples etc 18 Mugshots of the Elf Membership Card 3 board Set PC PARALLEL PORT OOOOOOOO Q RUN WRITE 7 6 5 43 2 1 ODOOOOOOO IN WAIT CLR READ ELF MEMBERSHIP CARD LOAD leeahart earthlink net Cover Card 1 1 scale Can use as a drilling template ADDR LATCH JE COSMAC ELF MEMBERSHIP CARD gt ui COSMAC MICROPROCESSOR leeahart earthlink net dev4mc s bmp Membership Card 1 1 scale Part location and placement guide 19 u3 74HC373 u2 dev4h2p1 bmp ut ADDRESS LATCH see TABLE 1 CDP1802ACE 12 MICROPROCESSOR VDDO 20 2 32K RAM or EPROM 270256 32K EPROM shown QJ ie ag ney CLK XTAL MAO 25 AO MA1 MAZ MAZ MA4 MAS MA6 MA W ii H i gt e e W Q TPA CLOCK FREQ 50 1800 KHz BUS BUS1 BUS2 BUS3 Bus4 BUSS BUSS BUS ae U2 MEMORY TYPE JUMPERS iN A15 S OVDD Q2 Slt Lrorsp 7 100K 1N4148 055 0 MRD 5 A15 O O MWR Q1 VDD VDD G N SLNO1sP oO R5 B i 100K OQ s 40 7 O 116 cut c5 hia for 0 10F L a 1804 luF 20 D11 i VSS oo S ivz 1N5231B Ifo VDD PORT v SELECT N4 or LOAD SERIAL I O D10 1N4148 R6 100K D14 1N4148 er TTL levels 5v 0v Short C8 Pin Numbers Notes DO Di D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 ME u2 us u
18. ase on the right view Bend one of the pins Bend a lead so it won t fall off slightly just enough so it won t fall off the board Do not solder on Do not solder wo wo wo co mm DO 7 Red LEDs Short wire S10 Toggle switch Put and flat side go on the right it on the same as S11 with the 120v side up Bend a pin so it won t fall off Do not solder wo N J2 D connector Loosely mount J2 to the Front Panel Card and Cover Do not solder Card with 4 hardware as shown wo 59 80 Place them on the board the same as 10 wo A NN NNO on Do not solder f 4 Jack Cover J2 Plastic Front Threaded screw Card spacer Panel standoff wo nN wo wo Lom N w aS w oa Dev4FP A bmp 11 Wiggle the parts and boards so the LEDs and switches fit neatly into your Cover Card or front panel Work the board as close as you can Careful The switches can break if the holes in your front panel don t match well enough Hint Use a 3 16 wide strip of cardboard to hold the LEDs at the same height Now solder the parts to the board with the Cover Card holding everything in position Remove the mounting hardware from D connector J2 Be sure you can easily remove and re install the Cover Card You may have to re heat or reposition some parts or enlarge some holes in your front panel to make it fit easily This may seem tedious but it makes sure that all t
19. black orange violet color bands Bend the wire leads and place it on the board at the location marked R3 Bend the leads outward slightly to hold it in place Turn the board over solder each lead and cut off the excess as short as possible Install the rest of the parts the same way R4 499k brown body with yellow white white orange brown bands R6 100k gray body with brown black black orange violet bands R7 1 meg tan body with brown black green gold bands Be sure to put the leads in the outer holes at the ends of the rectangle not in the middle hole R2 is easy to install there isn t one Capacitors have two leads but are installed pretty much the same If the leads are bent straighten them with your needle nosed pliers to fit the board Then repeat the above steps to install each one C2 0 1uF blue marked 104M C3 0 luF blue marked 104M C4 0 1uF blue marked 104M C5 0 10F a black disk marked 0 10F It has two flat leads one with a sign next to it This lead goes in the hole near the and C5 markings closest to the corner of the board LN LN ww OS YH These next parts are a little bigger with more leads R5 8 pin SIP Single Inline Package with seven 100k resistors in it black marked L81S104 Put it at R5 with pin 1 the end with the white line next to C4 Cl 1 8 MHz ceramic resonator blue body with 3 pins marked 1 80Y Q1 S
20. cy Removed R2 to make room Feb 2014 Rev G Added 32k RAM U8 under U2 can have 32k RAM plus 32k EPROM Add serial I O using Q and EF3 to D connector Q2 Q3 C8 D13 R15 Add 2 color LED at D8 shows Q and EF3 Mar 2015 Rev H Q1 changed from 2N7000 to FJN3301 and R5 from 100k to 10k for faster A15 rise time Added D14 for power on CLEAR even if front panel switches are set to RUN Add P6 to Front Panel May 2015 Rev H2 Replaced Q1 with Q1 Q2 to make a proper inverter for fastest A15 rise time Links for more about the 1802 and ELF computers http www sunrise ev com membershipcard htm This is my website with ordering information manual updates schematics cheat sheets and more http incolor inebraska com bill_r elf html elf 1 33 htm This is the Aug 1976 Popular Electronics article that introduced the ELF to hobbyists Most of it applies directly to the Membership Card http datasheets chipdb org RCA MPM 201B_ CDP1802 Users Manual Nov77 pdf An online copy of RCA s User Manual for the 1802 Must read reference material http www ittybittycomputers com IttyBitty ShortCor htm A Short Course in Programming by Tom Pittman An excellent introduction to programming the 1802 http www cosmacelf com The COSMAC ELF fan club with lots of information on the many commercial and hobbyist variants http www retrotechnology com memship memship html Herb Johnson s website on the Membership board He built one of the first ones
21. eco 13400 Jameco 893443 Jameco 45655 Jameco 45858 Jameco 13274 Jameco 272170 TMSI me again Fastenal 1128626 Mouser 749 9908 125 Mouser 728 FC2054 440 A Jameco 108987 Mouser 737 MSB G grocery or candy store Did you find them all Here are some hints D9 11 13 15 1 band DO Flat VA I D8 Shortest lead D12 Q1 2 Q3 5 Transistor Q Jumper A Header gt P1 P2 P4 P3 30 5 and 4 pins 8 pins J1a b c 4or 5 colored bands R1 R3 4 6 10 14 R5 11 13 511 Trimpot Resistor SIP Resistor Toggle Switch Pushbutton Mounting hardware pa j oP Jackscrew Screw eB Plastic spacer Parts16 bmp Threaded standoff Integrated circuit IC Comments on components The resistors use colored rings to identify their resistance in Ohms The other parts have numbers but you may need a magnifying glass to read them Capacitors have their value in Farads usually picoFarads For example 104 means 10 with four zeroes after it that s 100 000pF picoFarads To add to the fun this is often written as 0 luF microFarads A microFarad is a millionth of a Farad and a million picoFarads ICs have room for a part number but it s hidden between extra letters For example the 1802 is actually marked CDP1802ACE Leave the ICs in their packaging until you re ready to install them They are easily damaged by static electricity You know that tiny little spark you get if you
22. eight to fit in the Altoids case U3 74HC373 or 74HCT373 20 pin IC U4 4093 14 pin IC U5 4013 14 pin IC U6 74HC244 or 74HCT244 20 pin IC U7 74HC374 or 74HCT374 20 pin IC LN LN LN NN ws XS YH YH Front Panel assembly Install these parts on the Front Panel Card the same way you did on the Membership Card C7 0 luF blue marked 104M D12 1N5818 black body Be sure the end with the white band matches the board D13 1N4148 clear red body marked 1N4148 Be sure the band matches the board D15 1N5231B clear red body marked 1N5231B It has tape on its leads marked D15 R8 499k brown body with yellow white white orange brown bands R9 499k yellow white white orange brown R10 499k yellow white white orange brown R14 3 3k tan body with orange orange red gold bands Q4 2N3904 NPN transistor black 3 leads marked 2N3904 Position it as shown on the board Q5 FJN3307 NPN transistor black with 3 leads marked R3307 Install it like Q4 P4 4 pin header This time you can keep the black plastic body on it Or if you prefer leave P4 off and solder 4 small wires to the board instead with any connector you like on the other end LS LS LS LN NN NN NN N me SS SS SS SS SS SS SS a Next install the SIP resistor networks and ICs The end with the dot or line is pin 1 It goes on the top in the illustration below to match the silkscreening on the board Solder each lead and cut off the exc
23. ess R11 10 pin SIP resistor network with nine 1K resistors black marked L101S102 R12 8 pin SIP with seven 100K resistors black marked L81S104 R13 8 pin SIP with seven 100K resistors black marked L81S104 U9 4071 14 pin IC Be sure pin 1 is at the correct end U10 74HC157 or 74HCT157 16 pin IC That goes for U10 as well Jla J1b Jlc Three 10 pin parts are supplied Mount them on the BOTTOM of the board The pins go in the row of holes toward the CENTER of the board with the connector s cat ears also toward the center Do not solder the empty holes close to the edge Hint Put a piece of masking tape over these holes so you don t solder them closed Solder the connector s pins and cut off the ears LS LON LN LN LN wa WSS YH YH N New Serial Input and Output Options Serial I O uses the 1802 s Q output and EF3 input pins note that EF3 is inverted Q is not A program is needed to bit bang the data in and out For example RCA s UT4 monitor TMSI s IDIOT monitor Tiny BASIC or Spare Time Gizmo s Elf2K EPROM You can toggle the program in with the Front Panel switches tedious Or download it with the parallel port requires a PC with a parallel port Or install an EPROM at U2 with the program in it you ll need the EPROM and the optional RAM at U8 see page 9 Hardware wise serial I O is on J2 the 25 pin D connector on the Front Panel Output TXD is on pin 15 and input RXD is on pin 20 You can a
24. he parts are soldered in the right places so they won t get forced or broken Final Assembly Jumpers and Options Next install jumpers on the Membership Card to configure it for the type of memory chips at U2 and U8 P2 and P3 Look at the type of memory chip installed at U2 Ignore the letters at the beginning and end of the part number and focus on the 3 digit number in the center For example if it is marked CXK58256P 10L then it s a generic 256k bit 32k byte RAM the standard chip I supply Find TABLE 1 in the bottom left corner of the schematic on page 20 Look up your chip number to see what jumpers to install For a 32k byte RAM 62256 etc install jumpers at P2 between pins 1 2 and 4 5 and at P3 between pins 1 3 and 2 4 If U8 is installed look for the pads between Q1 and Q2 labelled U2 U8 HI and LO Jumpers at these pads control the addressing of U2 and U8 There are two options U2 to LO 0 32k U8 to HI 32 64k Standard jumpers are etched onto the board for this a RAM at U2 the classic all RAM ELF configuration Load programs with the Front Panel b Or install a 2k to 32k EPROM at U2 and RAM at U8 Automatically runs programs in the EPROM For stand alone controllers since no Front Panel or manual program loading is needed c Or install RAMs at both U2 and U8 Now you have a 64k all RAM system U2 to HI 32 64k U8 to LO 0 32k Optional C
25. hip Card it this way use a jumper plug at P4 to short pins 1 2 and 3 4 Unplugging or plugging it in becomes your on off switch Supercapacitor C4 will hold programs and data for many hours To hold them longer leave power connected to P4 pins 1 and 4 Use a DPST double pole single throw switch to break the connections between pins 1 2 and 3 4 This switch provides on and sleep modes On enables the clock and LEDs to work normally Sleep holds memory and turns the LEDs off so current very low a set of AA cells will maintain memory for years Note If the Front Panel is connected it over rides Sleep mode unless you also set the CLEAR switch and all data switches S0 S7 low Operation OK so you connected power and nothing smoked Let s see if it works The Front Panel selects the 1802 s operating mode and shows its status LED D8 shows the state of the 1802 Q register it will be off or green at power up Data LEDs D0 D7 show the last data loaded or output by the 1802 program they will initially be some random value Data switches S0 S7 set the input data S11 is the IN button press it to load data S8 is the READ WRITE switch WRITE lets you read or write to memory READ makes memory read only S9 and S10 are the mode switches CLEAR and LOAD They select the four operating modes as follows S9 S10 Mode CLEAR LOAD 1802 Operation LOAD down down Waits for the next memory read write next press of the IN button CLEAR down
26. ilers for the 1802 to write and run really ambitious programs Once a program is loaded it can be retained without power for hours by the onboard supercapacitor or indefinitely by maintaining power Remember this is a low power computer it will run for a year on three AA cells Or you can put your program in an EPROM so it won t be lost even without power The Front Panel can be unplugged and the Membership Card used by itself The Front Panel isn t needed until you want to change the program or debug or observe operation For stand alone use connect power ground and your desired inputs and outputs to J1 the 30 pin header Jumper J1 pins 13 14 RUN to VDD to turn it on Jumper pins 10 11 WE to MWR to enable writing to memory Inspiration for this manual came from Jeff Duntemann s Captain Cosmo s Whizbang c 1980 The cover was inspired by its cover cartoon by Chris Cloutier and the one on the back cover by Bill Higgins Specifications What have we got here The Membership Card is a miniature version of the original Popular Electronics ELF built using currently available parts and repackaged to fit in an Altoids tin It s got the basics of every computer a CPU memory and I O CPU Clock Memory T O Connectors Size Power Aroma RCA CDP1802ACE microprocessor the brains of this outfit 1 8 MHz ceramic resonator plus RC oscillator adjustable from 20 2000 KHz no that s not MHz or GHz 2k to 64k
27. ions Clock Scratchpad Registers Set yg Bootstrap Operation ex l Program Instruction Machine ep Censored In1802 bmp Cycle How the 1802 in an Elf computer REALLY works 22
28. ol default BASE 2 to LO O 32K to HI 32 64K cut amp jumper toa LO O 32K to HI 32 64K mame direction bit gt PE gt 55 o5 10 gt WE BUSY gt S7 07 gt MWRO 11 ACK gt S6 O6 Qo 12 gt o3 5 D7 lt D7 IN 1 GND lt GND BUNS r D6 lt D6 IN6 1 lt RED VERRY D5 D5 INS GND GND Burr es D4 lt D4 IN4 2 15 POWER 17 16 D3 lt D3 IN3 SELO lt C3 WE 15 18 D2 lt D2 IN INIT lt c2 CLR 13 20 D1 lt D1 IN1 ERR gt D3 TED 11 22 DO lt DO INO AUTO lt C1 WAIT VDD 2 STR lt cO oa VDD If used for general I O Short P7 10 j open P5 INT 23 1 OVDD f EF1 24 fEF2 25 fEFS 26 R12 fEF4 2 100K 1 2 and 3 4 2 3 and 4 5 Q3N position Q3I position 28 CLEAR f WAIT 29 1 UP S8 DOWN B 1 A15 0 on P4 2 30 for 1804 now 4 7 at TMSI c o Lee Hart 6 was 82pF now 100pF for RS 232 input Add D12 Add J2 signal 814 8th Ave N jumpers A B 00 03 for 8 outputs on J2 Sartell MN 56377 Membership Cards w o memory or I O conflict leeahart Gearthlink net 0 22F Title Replace C1 with 1 8 MHz ceramic resonator p for U8 Add serial I O to J2 using Q and EF3 en for EF3 pin 1 RXD active 1802 Membership Card and Frent Panel Card Size Document Number REV Q was 2N7000 now FINS3O1 RS was 100K now 10K K Replace R15 with P6 serial RED jumper Add D15 B C ORCAD SHEET 1802 DEV4H2 SCH H2 21 The Inside Story Bidirectional Long Data Bus Branch Shift Interrupt Instruct
29. ome of the ways to do it The current Rev G Membership Card has a new way It adds an RS 232 TTL serial interface and a second memory chip socket It holds an EPROM with software to talk to a PC s RS 232 port or USB port with a serial to USB adapter So far we know it works with the Elf2K EPROM from Spare Time Gizmos http www sparetimegizmos com Downloads v88 hex I m exploring other options as well I plan to offer an expansion kit with a preprogrammed EPROM and the extra RAM for U8 as soon as I get a round tuit In Case of Difficulty The usual problems are bad solder joints Either a pin hasn t been soldered or there is too much solder so it shorts to another pin Next look for something too tall on the Membership Card that is shorting to the back of the Front Panel Likely candidates are the pin headers P2 and P3 Look for parts installed backwards diodes or ICs or SIP resistors or in the wrong place like resistors If all this looks right make sure you have 3v to 5v power to the board The voltage on U4 pin 12 RUN should be high to enable the oscillator U4 pin 11 will be 1 2 the supply voltage if the oscillator is running Switch to RUN and look for signals on the 1802 TPA TPB MRD and SCO pins Even if it is executing nonsense no program these pins will still be pulsing high low as the 1802 tries to read memory Also check to see that all the 1802 MAO 7 and BUSO 7 pins are going high and low so none are open
30. rinting on the IC is right side up and facing you pin 1 is in the lower left corner See the illustration on page 6 to find pin 1 8 Lay each IC on its side on the table Bend the pins slightly inward so they are straight and parallel to each other If it still does not fit into the holes on the board use your needle nosed pliers to straighten the leads IC sockets add cost and make the board taller so it won t fit in the Altoids tin Sockets are also the least reliable part of the whole computer especially if you use el cheapo sockets But they make troubleshooting and chip replacement easier I supply special high quality low height sockets for U1 and U2 the 1802 and memory chip You can add sockets for the rest if you watch out for height and reliability issues Ula 40 pin IC socket Install it on the board at location U1 The notched end must match the notch shown on the board Solder each pin Ul 1802 marked CDP1802ACE Plug it into the socket so the notched end matches the board U2a 28 pin IC socket Install it the same as Ula The open end with the missing bar is toward U1 New Improved yada yada Optional Memory Expansion RAM The rev G Membership Card has room for a second memory chip U8 This is an option not included with the standard kit It adds 32k bytes of RAM addressed from 32k to 64k To add it you need two extra parts 1 U8 32k RAM in 0 3 wide DIP package Cypress CY7C199 Jameco 242376
31. s u2 Q1 Q4 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Di DO 510 RED Receive NORmal Short P6 pins or INVerted Short P6 pins THD Transmit NORmal Install Q3 in or INVerted Install Q3 in For RS 232 levels V V Install c8 UZ part type 1 23 26 27 For PC Parallel Port set SO 7 amp S9 1 names Swap Pi J1 designators Rev B Add Q1 to set U2 CE 0 when TP R8 10 was 100K now 470K Add RUN Add C6 82pF Add feedthru O drill to open VCC I O port was 5 or 7 Rev C R4 8 10 was 470K now 499K C Rev D R2 was 15K now 6 8K Add R14 Add Add NO N2 amp Q1 options to stack 2 Rev E Add room for larger C5 up to is a 24 pin IC put its pin 1 into socket pin 3 Rev F Remove R2 Ri now does its job P4 power pin 1 VDD 3 to 5 VDC 3 AA cells etc Rev G Add US Change C6 to bypass ca connector pin 2 RUN to VDD to run open stops osc D8 is red for Q 1 TXD active gre pin 3 LED to GND enables LEDs open off Rev H Add D14 R4 was CLEAR now GND pin 4 GND Common for power VSS Rev H2 Add Q1 Q2 for A15 inverter 20 Membership Front Panel dev4h2p2 bmp lt Card Card gt 03 O2 o1 o O O J1 JUMPERS P7 P10 TO J2 MOLEX KK H H H H U10 SOCKET 74HC157 o J UT O 2 i If used with a PC Parallel Port Short P5 open P7 10 7T4HC374 OUTPUT LATCH BASE S Status MORY MAP JUMPERS BASE 1 between 1 02 C Contr
32. s possible I want it to be something you can give to your kids and have them experience the thrill of saying I did it It s alive Bwoo ha ha hah To assemble it you ll need the following tools A clean well lit place to work Preferably one without cats or small children Or if the kids are old enough let them help Cats are never old enough to help Soldering iron with a small tip Don t use a soldering gun unless you re desperate Soldering these tiny parts and pads with a big fat tip will be a real challenge Solder 63 37 tin lead is best but 60 40 is also good Lead free electronics solder is also OK though it doesn t solder as well But it must be rosin core electronics solder NOT acid core plumbing or sheet metal solder Wire cutters The smaller the better Nothing is big here Needle nosed pliers For bending or straightening lead wires holding nuts etc Screwdriver with a 1 8 wide or smaller blade For tightening mounting screws and adjusting the clock frequency pot A magnifying glass My old eyeballs aren t good enough to read the markings on some parts or see whether a solder joint is done right or is shorted to the pad next to it Your eyes may not be that good either You ll need to know how to solder This isn t the right kit to learn how to solder The pads are pretty small and if you make a mistake it can be a real fight to get the part off and put back on the right way First make s
33. sands of ELFs learning about computer design construction and programming in the process A dozen companies began producing versions of the ELF also selling for low prices It was the Legos of computers a simple building block computer that could be assembled many ways to become almost anything limited only by your imagination I learned about computing on my ELF It set me on a career in engineering as it did for thousands of others 1802 s were designed into all sorts of amazing things video games music synthesizers Chrysler engine computers military weapon systems and even spacecraft such as NASA s Galileo Eat stardust x86 PCs So return with me now to those thrilling days of yesteryear when the heroic pioneers of the microcomputer revolution built their own computers from scratch and programmed them to do incredible things all for a tiny amount of money What can you do with an 1802 The Membership Card is much like the Arduino and Parallax BASIC Stamp You can program it to do simple tasks and be the brains of your projects It can blink lights drive relays or small motors run displays make annoying sounds with a speaker read switches or sensors to measure things perform calculations make decisions and more Unlike the Arduino and BASIC Stamp the 1802 is far simpler and uses much less power Its machine language is very simple and free assemblers are available There are also open source BASIC interpreters and C comp
34. ssemble the Membership Card for TTL 0 5v or RS 232 12v levels and either normal or inverted data But you ll have to look up or experiment to figure out what method the thing you want to connect is using See http www retrotechnology com memship mem_rom_serial html Each of the following three steps has two choices If you re not going to use serial I O or don t know what serial format you need build it for TTL output levels and for NORMAL i e not inverted data 1 C8 4 7uF blue marked 475 Yes it really is 47 times more capacitance than C7 Amazing isn t it For RS 232 serial levels v v install C8 For TTL serial levels Ov 5v short C8 or install a piece of wire in place of C8 10 2 P6 RXD jumpers for serial input For NORMAL non inverted data where the idle state is a LOW voltage install jumper wires at P6 between 1 2 and between 3 4 For INVERTED data where the idle state is a HIGH voltage install jumper wires at P6 between 2 3 and between 4 5 3 Q3 TXD transistor for serial output Q3 is an FJN4307 PNP transistor with internal resistors black with 3 leads marked R4303 It can be installed in two positions For NORMAL non inverted data where the idle state is a LOW voltage install Q3 in the position marked Q3N For INVERTED data where the idle state is a HIGH voltage install Q3 in the position marked Q3I D8 is a 2 color LED It is red when the 1802
35. touch something metal after petting the cat or walking across a carpet That s static electricity In the microscopic world inside an IC it hits like a lightning strike KABOOM Your IC is dead Note U8 and C6 are optional parts to expand memory to 64k They are not supplied with the standard kit You can order them from me or from the sources in the parts list on page 5 6 Assembly Assembly is a work in process I ll just describe how I built mine Please let me know if you find better ways to do it Check off the steps as you go X in case you get interrupted and have to come back to it later A couple things to keep in mind To fit both boards in an Altoids tin they must be built with the parts as low as possible Standard IC sockets are too high so I ve supplied special low profile sockets Likewise the plastic bodies of the square pin headers P1 to P3 make them too tall so the plastic bodies have to be removed after soldering You ll also need to trim the leads on the back of the boards very short as you go Ready Let s get started Membership Card assembly All parts go on the side of the board with the white silkscreened lettering the top or component side All soldering is done on the other side the back or solder side The only exceptions are for connectors and I ll remind you when we get to them First we ll install the lowest parts the resistors R3 100k ohm resistor gray body with brown black
36. up Reset the 1802 sets registers Q X P and RO all to 0 WAIT up down Stops the program running in memory and waits right where it is RUN up up Runs or resumes running the program in memory Here s an example of how these switches and lights work 1 Set switches S11 S0 as shown 1 means the switch is up 0 means the switch is down X means push the IN button means the switch position doesn t matter I ll show the switch positions like this Switch numbers and positions on the board S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 s0 Mode Description 10 oaa CLEAR Resets the 1802 PROGRAM 1 BLINK Q FAST Let s load a simple program to blink the Q LED 11 S10S9S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 Mode Description 2 10 CLEAR Reset the 1802 sets RO to address 0000 3 101 WRITE Set S8 up so we can write to memory 4 001 LOAD Set both S9 and S10 down X00 1 01111011 a Set S7 S0 to 0111 1011 then press the IN button We A Bo This loads hex 7B the SEQ or Set Q instruction into memory address 0000 displays it in the LEDs then advances RO from address 0000 to 0001 14 010 b Set S7 S0 to 0111 1010 then press IN This loads hex 7A the REQ or Reset Q instruction into 0001 displays it then advances RO to 0002 X00 1 00110000 c Set S7 SO to 0011 0000 then press IN This loads 3 y ee ee hex 30 BR or Branch Unconditionally into 0002 displays it then advances RO to 0003 X00 1 00000000 d
37. ure you have all the parts I supplied everything that goes on the printed circuit boards but you may need to gather a few other things yourself I ll supply Altoids tins as long as my supply holds out but you will have to drill or cut the holes in it for the switches LEDs and connectors The Membership Card is your entry into the COSMAC College of Computer Knowledge We ll start with an aptitude test See if you can find and identify the common electronic components listed on the next page Place a check mark in the box X as you find them If any are missing let me know so I can send it out before you get bored and go back to watching TV Ready Turn the page to begin an adventure that could last a lifetime atest Etro rerorRGHIP CARD AT aa 0286288175 d 2 es ee se et as oy inti at Meabek Ca o Front Panel Card E I j a LS LS LL LO LN NN LN LN LN LN LN LN LN LDN LN LDV LDN LDV IDV IDV IDV IDV IDV EB RRN N E e e B LS LS LS LS LN LR LN LN LN LN LN NN NS S N N N N N WWW WWW WWW UW OW UW OUW UW W OU OW OW OW OS N S N N N N N I WI 4 S WS N t OD m un A Neeme m e i m a a OD EE KN BRR OR RS BRR Re BNNN DNDN e RR RR Re Identifier Parts List Description ceramic resonator 1 8 MHz blue marked 1 80Y capacitor 0 luF X7R ceramic blue marked 104M supercapacitor 0 10F 5 5vdc black disk 0 4 dia capacitor 4 7uF ceramic blue marked 475 LED T1 3 4 red LED T1 3 4
38. y July 2010 Rev A board Changed R8 R10 from 100k to 470k Aug 2010 Rev B Added Q1 and C6 Changed I O port from 5 7 to 4 5 6 7 to match Elf Added RUN to P4 Nov 2010 Changed R4 and R8 10 from 470k to 499k and C6 from 82pf to 100pf for expediency I ran out of 470k and 82pf parts and had lots of 499k and 100pf Jul 2011 Rev C Fixed silkscreen I O port names IN5 7 now INP4 OUTS OUT7 now OUT4 IN and OUT ports still respond to any port number from 4 7 Added Cover Card for a more finished appearance Aug 2011 Corrected P2 jumper chart on schematic For 6116 2716 2732 P2 was 2 3 changed to 3 4 For 2764 P2 was 3 4 changed to 2 3 For 27128 and 27256 P2 was 1 2 and 3 4 changed to 2 3 and 4 5 Sept 2011 Added power supply info Jan 2012 Added photos of finished boards Mar 2012 Added cheat sheet summary page Apr 2012 R1 changed from 1meg to 500k I ran out of Imeg pots June 2012 Rev D board R1 went back to 1meg R2 changed to 5 6k to raise maximum clock frequency Added D12 so power is available on DB25 connector J2 Added R14 to use J2 pin 1 for serial input Added jumpers A B O0 O1 O2 and O2 to use J2 for general purpose I O instead of PC parallel I O Aug 2012 Ran out of parts so changed C5 from 0 047F to 0 022F and R2 and R14 from 5 6k to 6 8k Jan 2013 Rev E Made room for a bigger supercapacitor at C5 now 0 10F or 0 22F May 2013 Rev F Changed C1 to ceramic resonator more stable frequen

Membership Card Manual, rev.H2

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