EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR EXAMINATION
Contents
1. The tertiary air duct has proper connections for transmitters of temperature relative humidity and chemical impurities concentrations In addition the duct contains a con nection 06 mm on the surface for connecting the differential pressure transmitter of the adsorption loading module Moreover this part of the experimental line has a manual regulation flap as an auxil lary mechanism for flow regulation which has five positions for defining gas mixture flow from zero to maximum rate Mechanical impurities purification module Mechanical impurities purification module represents a compact I O line segment of the experimental line with a square cross section It consists of a flat part parallelepiped shaped with 600 mm in length connected to two opposite oriented diffusers Total 52 M RAOS LJ IVKOVI N IVKOVI A OR EVI length of the module is 1270 mm The length 1s the result of a design solution which al lows for flow and spatial characteristics and connects the round cross section of the duct with the square cross section of the module Sides of modules and diffusers are made of PVC plates by vacuum press technique The result is proper compactness and strength as well as smoothness of inner walls of the modules which 1s very important because of low hydraulic resistance Such good flow characteristics of the modules together with me chanical ones of the PVC represent a good solution for overcoming vibration i2. by a domestic manufacturer EI The device is a split air conditioner with a separate condenser and evaporator as shown in Fig 8 m Fig 8 Controller evaporator and condenser of the air conditioning device The cooling section is compressor type with the power of 18 6 kW and R22 coolant Its cooling capacity ranges from 16 2 kW at 22 C or 15 5 kW of sensitive heat to 18 6 kW at 27 C of total or 17 kW of sensitive heat The humidifier is steam type with 4 35 kg h steam production and the power of 3 3 kW with a plastic container The heating section is a group of three three phased electric heat pipes with the capacity of 3x2 kW Experimental Setup for Examination of Air Cleaners from Small Production Sources 35 Module for data acquisition With the purpose of examining the characteristics of the filter elements and experi mental line a system for measurement and data acquisition was designed Fig 9 shows a utilized measurement and data acquisition system Fig 9 Acquisition system The measurement system consists of sensors and transmitters of physical and nonelectrical quantities a device for measurement a personal computer and a source of direct current as transmitter power supply Nine measurement points were realized MI inlet velocity of air flow in the intake air duct realized by using velocity trans mitter type TN 00398935 manufactured by JUMO GmbH M2 tempera
3. narrow and broad sense where the experimental equipment in its broader sense implies the system examination line air conditioning equipment This concept can be illustrated as follows 1 Module for data measurement and acquisition pe tii Air conditioning System of air duct Drive unit unit ae m Module for simulation of pollutants Fig 1 Experimental setup block schematic Received May 23 2010 Acknowledgments This work has been funded by the Serbian Ministry for Science under the projects No III 43014 50 M RAOS LJ IVKOVI N IVKOVI A OR EVI A representation of the experimental line 1s given in Fig 2 Fig 2 Experimental line Solid Works 3D 1 primary air ducts 2 mechanical impurities cleaner module 3 secondary air duct 4 gaseous impurities cleaner module 5 tertiary air duct 6 exhaust into the atmosphere 7 centrifugal fan The experimental equipment in the most narrow sense represents the experimental line itself which is based on a system of air ducts a drive unit and an air conditioning equip ment The experimental equipment in the broader sense apart from the aforementioned elements implies appropriate modules which give it a measuring and simulating character Transport ducts for the gas mixture The basis of transport ducts for the gas mixture are the primary secondary and tert
4. processed in order of evaluation com bination with other measuring signals by a desired mathematical model and storage of measured values for each channel separately in a time sequence The device for data registration 1s a microprocessor elec tronic device which contains analogue and digital in puts electrical communication interfaces graphical display for data visualization keys and interface to user in the form of dropdown menus In order for the visualization device settings and memory expansion to be more flexible Logoscreen 5 is connected through a RS232 communication interface to a per sonal computer with installed PCA software developed by JUMO GmbH After meas uring has been completed internally stored data are submitted to the PC for further proc essing for the purpose of visualization Fig 11 Frontal view of the Logoscreen device EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF FILTER VENTILATION LINE PARAMETERS The usual way of testing filter compartments falls within the determination of per formance and efficiency of the filter fills On the other hand it is very important that the filter ventilation assembly be properly adjusted regarding both the capacity speed and flow and other operational and design parameters Because of the wide range of possible combinations of filter ventilation assemblies it is necessary to select the range of experi mental research projects in the area of interest working environment specifi
5. relative humidity in the filter ventilation system over time temp st rH st 4 5 I differential pressure on adsorption filter temp st r v st 3 5 differential pressure mbar 0 5 l 0 50 100 150 200 number of the sample over time Fig 17 Change of differential pressure of the adsorption filter over time temp st rH st Experimental Setup for Examination of Air Cleaners from Small Production Sources 59 CONCLUSION Standard temperature and relative humidity imply the prescribed level of temperature and humidity in the examination of filter units 22 C and 50 rH which have to be provided by the air conditioning system taking into account the inevitable minimum variation as a result of deviations of real air processing from the desired values Most figures show a functional dependence of flow and thermal parameters compared to the number of samples of the measuring and acquisition system function of time It is important to observe the changes in microclimatic parameters at different places in the system because these changes can be a direct result of the effect of filter materials and in dividual test pollutants on the state of gas mixture which passes through the filter ventila tion system Changes in the gas mixture affect the process of purification and efficiency of the filter the method and quality of the functioning of the whole system efficiency etc The diagrams
6. show the change in temperature humidity air velocity in the filter ven tilation system flow and pressure drops at the very filter compartments or vacuum be hind filter barriers as a result of the position of the fan at the end of the suction pipe Po sitions of transmitter temperature relative humidity air velocity and differential pressure are predefined and unchangeable up to the end of experimental research Thus the legend of each diagram contains the position of the corresponding transmitter instead of its se rial number in order to facilitate better understanding of the view Variations of the measured values are within the limits of standard deviations The occurrence of oscilla tions of measured parameters is attributed to the inertia of the system and the appearance of turbulence and vortex especially in cases of increased air velocity lower humidity and higher temperatures Sampling of the acquisition system takes 5 or 10 seconds with intent to display measured parameters as they are without approximation linearization or sub sequent processing of the measured values REFERENCES 1 M Raos Investigation of integrated air purifier from low power emission sources Ph D Thesis University of Ni Faculty of Occupational Safety 2008 2 Isobutylene CAS 115 11 7 Product Identification Airgas Inc Randor PA USA 1998 3 JUMO Transducers for temperature and humidity User Manual Uputstvo 90 1000 90 1305 JUMO W
7. 00 as manufactured by a domestic manufacturer Eco engineering from Bor The fan is made as a combination of thermo plastic and steel materials with PVC PP and ABS for all parts coming in contact with aggressive gases Impeller of the fan is directly connected to the shaft of the electric motor to provide proper and long lasting operation of the device Suction and de livery duct of the fan is connected by a flexible connection to other parts of the installa tion in order to reduce vibration The centrifugal fan is driven by a three phase asynchro nous motor with a squirrel cage rotor 0 75 kW In order to regulate velocity of the air the electric motor is charged by a frequency regulator Siemens Sinamics G110 6 The electric motor synchronic speed or impeller of the fan changes with the frequency of the electric current which affects the gas mix ture flow velocity in the ducts Fig 7 shows a utilized centrifugal fan and a frequency regulator unit a ee Fig 7 Centrifugal fan Eco Engineering frequency regulator unit SIEMENS G110 54 M RAOS LJ IVKOVI N IVKOVI A OR EVI Module for simulation of mechanical impurities Module for simulation of mechanical impurities represents a mechanical assembly made of galvanized plate placed on the suction duct before the first module for mechani cal impurities purification This module doses mechanical test impurities standard test dust with a predefined conc
8. FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series Mechanical Engineering Vol 9 N 1 2011 pp 49 60 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR EXAMINATION OF AIR CLEANERS FROM SMALL PRODUCTION SOURCES UDC 66 074 5 Miomir Raos Ljiljana ivkovi Nenad ivkovi Amelija or evi Faculty of Occupational Safety in Ni University of Ni Serbia E mail miomir raos znrfak n1 ac rs Abstract In the laboratory for air quality control at the Faculty of Occupational Safety in Nis with the purpose of development and scientific activities an experimental setup for examination of air cleaner from small production sources was designed The experimental setup has to provide information about parameters of gas mixture and parameters of test air cleaners necessary for evaluation of operational characteristics and limits of application Examination of main flow thermal parameters on an observed filter ventilation system was conducted on the experimental line designed for air flow rates up to 2000m h Within the experimental line the proper equipment for measurement and simulation was designed This as well as the pollutant presence simulation and the measurement of important parameters was done in real time The simulation of microclimate air parameters as a carrier gas was done with external air conditioning equipment Key words Experimental Setup Air Canal Air Cleaner Data Acquisition EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT CONCEPT The experimental equipment can be described as in its
9. c work op erations living environment etc Only an optimally designed and adjusted experimental line with the appropriate filters filter units can yield reasonable and useful results suit able for further analysis The first or zero tests were performed on a fully equipped experimental line without a simulation of test pollutants with the purpose of verifying the designed parameters of the experimental setup equipped with filter compartments units The zero tests were per formed in standard conditions which imply standard values of flow thermal quantities temperatures relative humidities and flows or velocities of gas mixture through the ele ments of the filter ventilation system Likewise as the response of the system we ob served the changes of differential pressure on filter units and their impact on the aerody namic and thermodynamic parameters of the system The results of zero testing of the fil ter adsorber system of filter ventilation are given in the following diagrams sudden de creases in the measured values represent the moment the system was disconnected Experimental Setup for Examination of Air Cleaners from Small Production Sources 57 T T 2500 air flow through filter ventilation line measured point in finput channel 2000 n 1500 ma 2 ce 1000 500 a 0 50 100 150 200 number of the sample in time Fig 12 Volumetric air flow in the filte
10. entration Within this module there is a test dust bunker an anchor with a carrier for fine dosing of the test dust and a dosing pipe Module for simulation of chemical impurities Module for simulation of chemical impurities has to meet the requirements for con trolled dosing of test chemical impurities The module contains a reservoir source of the test chemical compound used as a test impurity isobutylene 2 proper measuring and control equipment as well as elements for infiltration into the air duct The source reservoir of the test impurities is a vessel cylinder into which the chemi cal test compound is loaded and which contains measuring and control equipment The measuring and control equipment contains a manometer for control of the cylinder exit pressure a manometer for exit pressure control toward the air duct and control valves for adapting entry and exit pressure of the vessel to atmospheric pressure There is also a separator for connecting to a device for gas concentration measurement and gas calibration Air conditioning device An important factor for efficiency of the purifying process are flow and thermal con ditions of the gas mixture in which the filter elements are used during the purifying process For the simulation of flow and thermal conditions an air conditioning device was used which had to provide given temperature relative humidity and flow rate parameters en titled K O D 18V and manufactured
11. er gasket in the flange The module for chemical impurities purification houses adsorption car tridges loaded with charcoal Fig 6 shows charcoal car tridge pack manufactured by Eco engineering company Fig 6 Charcoal cartridge Bor pack ECO Engineering Experimental Setup for Examination of Air Cleaners from Small Production Sources 53 The basic function of the module for chemical impurities purification 1s provision of proper housing and position for charcoal cartridges as well as proper flow characteristics of the gas mixture when passing through the adsorption bed Drive unit The drive unit represents a set of mechanical electrical and electromechanical de vices in the experimental line which have to charge and initiate the base element gas mixture Specifically the drive unit includes a device for forced air circulation fan fan drive electric motor and frequency regulator for rotation frequency All elements are parts of the drive unit of the experimental line If we also include the air condition unit we can add the cooling system compressor air heaters energetic part of the humidifier as well as drives of the axial fans of the condenser unit and evaporating unit Fan Flow of the gas mixture through ducts and modules of the purifiers is achieved by force of the centrifugal fan with direct drive The fan unit is placed at the end of the ex perimental line and acts as a suction fan The fan is marked PCRV 20
12. i ary transport air ducts with a round cross section of 200mm in diameter Ducts are made of plastic PVC with proper resistance to mechanical and chemical influences Ducts are connected by an appropriate overlap 100mm in length and a corresponding rubber gas ket This type of connection enables proper hydraulic characteristics and minimizes an intake of parasite air through the connecting points Apart from that the duct made of plastic have proper smoothness on the inner surface which minimizes friction and affects the formation of a regular flow structure across and along the duct The primary transport duct is 1930 mm in length placed at the beginning of the experimental line and its role is to transport air from an enclosed space room carrier gas to a module for mechanical impurities puri fication A significant length of primary duct has to en able the flow stabilization through the experimental line There are connections for temperature relative humidity and velocity transmitters on the primary duct as well as a connection 6 mm in diameter for ma nometer inlet of the differential pressure transmitter An Fig 3 The inner surface of important part of the primary duct is the module for primary air duct with dosing mechanical test impurities into the air flow transmitters Experimental Setup for Examination of Air Cleaners from Small Production Sources 51 through a particularly designed solution Fig 3 shows the inne
13. ien Osetereich M K Jucheim GmbH amp Co Fulda Germany 2005 4 JUMO Pressure and differential pressure transmiters Typ 4304 B 40 4304 01 05 00445307 M K Jucheim GmbH amp Co Fulda Germany 2004 5 Logoscreen User manual B95 5010 0 1 6 99 00369008 JUMO M K Jucheim GmbH amp Co Fulda Germany 2004 6 Sinamics G110 Operating Instruction Compact Siemens Automation amp Drives Issue 11 04 60 M RAOS LJ IVKOVI N IVKOVI A OR EVI EKSPERIMENTALNA LINIJA ZA ISPITIVANJE PRE ISTA A GASOVA IZ MALIH IZVORA EMISIJE Miomir Raos Ljiljana ivkovi Nenad ivkovi Amelija or evi U okviru laboratorije za kontrolu kvaliteta vazduha na Fakultetu za tite na radu u Ni u a za potrebe razvojnih i nau no istra iva kih aktivnosti koncipirana je eksperimentalna linija za ispitivanje pre ista a gasova iz malih izvora emisije Eksperimentalna linija treba da pru i informacije o parametrima gasne sme e i parametrima test pre ista a gasova neophodim za ocenu radnih karakteristika i granicama upotrebe Ispitivanje strujno termi kih parametara od zna aja posmatranog filtro ventilacionog sistema vr eno je na eksperimentalnoj aparaturi koncipiranoj za protoke gasne sme e do 2000m h U okviru eksperimentalne ispitne linije formirana je odgovaraju a merno simulaciona aparatura i postupak simulacije prisustva zaga uju ih materija kao i merenja parametara od zna aja vr i se u realnom vremenu S
14. imulacije mikroklimatskih parametara vazduha kao nose eg gasa vr e se eksternim ure ajem za kondicioniranje vazduha Klju ne re i eksperimentalna aparatura ventilacioni kanal pre ista i gasova akvizicija podataka
15. n case of gas mixture flows Connection of the diffuser with the module body was done with a flange hold screws and screw nuts with a proper gasket in the flange Fig 5 shows the module for mechanical impurities purification Fig 5 Module for mechanical impurities purification Panel type filter elements with proper standard dimensions are housed inside the module for mechanical impurities purification With proper adjustments it is possible to house panel filter elements with nonstandard dimensions as well as cylindrical filter ele ments Filter elements are housed within the flanges of connected elements after the front diffuser or before the rear diffuser It is possible to arrange a joint action of the rough and absolute filter one ahead of the other in order to determine the efficiency of removing impurities by filter elements Module for chemical impurities purification Module for chemical impurities purification represents a compact I O line segment of the experimental line with two opposite oriented diffusers and a connecting square cross section element It is made of plastic PVC plates by vac uum press technique thus attaining proper compactness strength and smoothness of inner walls of the module This is very important because of high mechanical resis tance to vibration Total length of the module is 1270 mm Connection of the diffuser with the module body is done with a flange hold screws and screw nuts with a prop
16. r ventilation system m h over time temp st r H st 10 J al differential pressure on dust filter vacuum behind dust filter 8 a Tb 4 6 4 pressure mbar 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 number of the sample over time Fig 13 Change of pressure on below the filter for mechanical impurities dust mbar x 100 Pa filter F20 rH st temp st T T 20 air velocity in the filter ventilation line temp st r v st 4 A 15 E S 10 D gt 5 bz 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 number of the sample over time Fig 14 Change of air velocity in the channel as a function of time temp st rH st 58 M RAOS LJ IVKOVI N IVKOVI A OR EVI 30 T I I temperature in primar channel temp st r v st SL temperature in secondary channel temperature in tertiary channel ambient temperature 2F e iu g 24 s D gt ae D amp 22 p 4 n ae 8 20 Fr m 18 H 0 50 100 150 200 number of the sample over time Fig 15 Temperature changes over time temp st rH st 60 58 56 m s4 l gt Sos a 2 so 4 V Z aL E 2 4L ETE relative humidity input channel 44l r H behind dust filter r H behind adsorption filter 42 40 l 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 number of the sample over time Fig 16 Change of
17. r view of the primary trans port duct inlet grid for flow stabilization is removed for picture taking purposes where we can see the position of velocity temperature and relative humidity transmitters as well as the filter chamber in the back Secondary transport duct for gas mixture represents a connecting duct between two modules of air purifiers In essence it is a straight line duct with a round cross section of 0200 mm which connects diffusers of the module for mechanical impurities purification to those of the module with adsorption loading The length of this transport duct is 1020 mm Fig 4 shows the secondary transport duct with connections Fig 4 Secondary transport duct with temperature and relative humidity transmitter As we can see from Fig 4 the secondary transport duct contains connections for tem perature and relative humidity transmitter two connections b6 mm for connecting dif ferential pressure transmitters as well as a system for infiltration of chemical impurities into the air flow The tertiary part of the gas mixture transport duct leads from the outlet of the module with adsorption loading to the drive unit 1 e the centrifugal fan The length of the tertiary transport duct is 2770 mm and it bridges the altitude difference between experimental line and drive unit This can be achieved by double diversion of air duct which ends in elastic connection and axial inlet into the centrifugal fan case
18. ture and rela tive humidity in the intake air duct realized by using transmitter type 90702 manufac tured by JUMO GmbH 3 M3 differential pressure of the first filter element realized by using differential pressure transmitter type 4304 manufactured by JUMO GmbH 4 Fig 10 shows the transmitter of velocity temperature and relative humidity on the left and the transmitter of differential pressure on the right Fig 10 Transmitters of velocity temperature relative humidity and diff pressure JUMO GmbH MA temperature and relative humidity of air in the secondary air duct M5 con centration of the gaseous chemical test impurities conditional measurement point in the secondary air duct realized by using mobile concentration measuring unit Thermo model 580S IL M6 differential pressure of the secondary filter element M7 concentration of the gaseous chemical test impurities in the tertiary air duct M8 temperature and relative humidity of the air in the outlet duct M9 room temperature enclosed space realized by using a resistant temperature transmitter with a current output type 90 2523 12 manu factured by JUMO GmbH 56 M RAOS LJ IVKOVI N IVKOVI A OR EVI Device for data registration Logoscreen Transmitters of nonelectrical quantities are con nected to a device for data processing and registra tion through measurement circuits of the device Af ter that data is
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