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indoor climate in kindergartens, air -uality

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2. Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality Is the indoor climate good made another survey using the wonderful webpage Facebook sent a mail to around 100 parents that know on Facebook and asked them to answer one simple question Do you think that the indoor climate is good in the kindergarten that you child is In As you can see are the results very positive Of 100 parents 70 of them said yes that the indoor climate is up to Standard and good for the health of their child and only 30 said no that the indoor climate was not good enough David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 the indoor climate in our kindergatens 70 30 40 E YES BNO 30 20 10 Figure 16 Results from Facebook survey This survey shows us that indoor climate in kindergartens now a day is very good and not many parents are unhappy with the indoor climate But there are 30 parents that know that are unhappy with the indoor climate which is 30 to much There is a cost an amount of money that has to be sacrificed to have a good indoor climate Every parent should care because these are our children that are almost growing up in these institutes and my opinion is that they deserve a good and healthy indoor climate 16 Facebook survey 34 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Costs of good air quality There are many different types of ventilation aggregates for kindergart
3. Z ey Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestraling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde S BXG Ios EX mm Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent x Er der slidte gulvtzepper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld x 2 3 2 4 7 S Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation x Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne mm 1 6 1 7 3 1 32 3 3 3 4 Vil Yu J 4E 9 6 Dal 5 2 5 3 I Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet XK Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X nn ee OO ao FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag vegge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv X x STS Lugter der ofte muggent P lt I Er der synlig skimmelsvamp gt X I LYS I Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme X I a Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue X I Er der for lidt lys pa arbejdspladserne X I Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelse
4. L o EEN Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer N B G se ge eee Z Z ZZ ZZ202072020022 Er der generende st j udefra X ne F T INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR J A NE 3 Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur x Er der gener pa grund af track X S F Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling x Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde X LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader X Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent x Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld X Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne X Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation 2 TT Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag vegge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv X I Lugter der ofte muggent X mm Er der synlig skimmelsvamp X IEEE LYS I Er der blending eller spejlinger i pc sk rme x Er der pc sk rme der
5. X Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld x Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne X Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation x Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv X Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv x Lugter der ofte muggent X Er der synlig skimmelsvamp X LYS Er der bizending eller spejlinger i pc sk rme xX Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue gt lt Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne x lt Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer lt Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet PA Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor XX STOJ Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de ma r be for at kommunikere med en person der star 42 1 m v k x Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum KR Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der lt Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet x Er der
6. difference between the materials that are good for the indoor climate or materials that are not so good for the indoor climate But there are choices by selecting a lower category of the 17 Made in sigam taken from v amp s pricebooks 35 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 three that are available The C class is probably cheaper than the A class but in these cases when we are construction a building for our children we Should try to make the best of it and use the best materials that are available 36 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Conclusion Indoor climate in kindergartens is a big topic and concerns everybody everybody starts in them when they are children and then further along the way we put our children in kindergartens if you think of it like a kind of a circle of life think that the authorities are doing a good job by making the building regulation stricter and stricter every time there comes a new edition of it And that means that when the authorities want to make the indoor climate better in our kindergartens the producers follows They follow with better materials and better solutions that help the indoor climate The Danish indoor climate logo is also a great organization in this matter a kind of police of indoor climate They are keeping the law and order in order by that there can be created good indoor climate in kindergarten all
7. no reason But investigation led to the conclusion that the reason for it was bad indoor climate in our buildings In the developed world indoor air quality is a main cause of allergies hypersensitivity reactions airway infections and also small things like irritation to the eyes nausea dizziness headaches tiredness and emotional unstableness Every country has their own regulations for indoor climate in buildings In Denmark there are few regulations these regulations am I using as guidelines for this report The regulations are BR10 Building Regulation 2010 SBI 196 Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut 2000 indeklimahandbogen and DS 474 Dansk Standard 474 Norm for specification af termisk indeklima There are three classes of indoor climate A B and C where A is the highest and the C is the lowest Of course should every building have an indoor climate class A but to make your building a class A building has its Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 price and the better the indoor climate is the higher the price is and that is not always possible or in the picture Why Why is indoor climate so important for us Because recent studies have shown that we the western nations spend almost 90 of our time inside a house building either at home or at work That is why It is easy to understand that the most important environment in relation to our health is the indoor environment Du
8. r 2 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum X Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der X L o e a a M Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Gs so a 2222 Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler a Z F Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt x lt e e aaa aaas Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer HH TT er Er der generende st j udefra K a INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR 9A VED Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor ma udetemperatur X Er der gener p grund af tr k X lt Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde X JK LUFTKVALITET I Ligger der tit st v pa vandrette flader x I Z ZCF Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent x Er der slidte gulvt p
9. the Danish Indoor Climate Logo is it a standard that the air quality in the building is measured after 5 years into its usage The people at the Teknologisk Institut in Denmark are working on making a house that is just built with materials that have been approved be the Danish Indoor Climate Logo The house will be totally free of chemicals materials that have bad particles and no materials that contain gases It will be especially good for people that have allergies and we cannot forget our children who are in kindergartens as all parents know are kindergartens just a big host for illnesses The building that will have the Danish Indoor Climate Logo comes with user manual that should be followed for the best indoor climate Tr Tr is a research company that specializes in making tests on building materials The company was founded in 1980 and has been testing and making research on building materials ever since Tr s goal is to helping developers and producers make better materials for the indoor climate Tr is associating with the Teknologisk Institut The biggest risk factor that Tr is looking into is the emissions releases form building materials such as gases and particles and how they can minimize the emission that goes into the indoor climate When the emission from building materials is too high it creates a bad indoor climate and the bad indoor climate you can feel with your nose by smelling it Good materials Arou
10. time So to sum up they keep the cool away from the inside of the building in the winter time and the warmth of the sun away from the inside of the building in the summertime This is Kategori A Kategori B Ken OR 15 OR 20 05 acai 0 5 0 5 b Lal Middellufthastighed m s Middellufthastighed my Middelbutthastighed m s 18 20 2 MN 2 X i roere C 1 Lufttemperatur T eee dk Lufttemperatur L Figure 5 The categories for of humidity in buildings good because then it is better and easier to control the indoor climate with all that technology that is available Number two is the tightness of the building The tighter the building is the less draft you get through the building the better the indoor climate is going to be There are demands of how much draft there can be in your building gt There are 3 choses that you can choose from A B or C where category A is the highest The categories you can see in the pictures below We also have to talk about the coldbridges because they are also a part of the tightness of the kindergarten If there is a big coldbridge that lets in cold air and that cold air meats up with the hot air that is inside the there is an high risk that in that situation there will appear a damp that can create a type of mold that is definitely not good for the employers and children s health Also coldbridges goes together with the energy part of gt DS 474 page 14 18
11. 7 semester dissertation Indoor climate in kindergartens Air quality By David Hafsteinsson Bachelor of architectural technology and construction management Consultant Jens Peder Pedersen Hand in May 2011 VIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Horsens Campus Denmark VIA gt lt TITLE PAGE Dissertation title Indoor climate in kindergartens Consultant Jens Peder Pedersen Author David Hafsteinsson Date signature 4 Student identity number 125391 Number of copy s 3 Number of pages 39 All rights reserved no part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the author NOTE This dissertation was completed as part of a Bachelor of Architectural Technology and Construction Management degree course no responsibility is taken for any advice instruction or conclusion given within Acknowledgements what to thank a few institutes and a few people that helped me along the way to get the result of this report it wouldn t have been possible without their help e Vuggestuen miniflint e Flintebakken b rnehave e Stensballe b rnehave e Rytterkilden b rnehave e B rnehaven Gasvej e And the 100 Facebook friend that have helped me out in my survey Thank you good people so much for helping me out Abstract In this report will go in depth of the indoor climate in kindergartens air quality What tools can we use to get good results for indoor climate what are the regulations an
12. G SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv KIN mm Lugter der ofte muggent ved I m Er der synlig skimmelsvamp X I F LYS a Er der blending eller spejlinger i pc sk rme A NN Ta Er der pc sk rme der star op mod et vindue X I Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne p ee Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor KIK 0 a ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 1 m v k XK Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der I Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig tt AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko 2 Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler alminde
13. Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 the construction The tighter the building is and with almost no coldbridges we have a better control of getting a high quality indoor climate and a kindergarten that will be healthy When constructing a kindergarten you should start at the foundation in other words at the bottom and work your way up to the top And that is also the best way when planning to start at the bottom so as that has been said we come to the foundation Foundation what do you have to have in mind when solving a foundation regarding to the indoor climate it has to be bearing it has to be radon and coldbridge free ok to have a small coldbridge where there are door and windows but keep it at a minimum The U value and line los has to be calculated and meet the demand of the BR10 Floors what do you have to have in mind when solving the floors regarding to the indoor climate it has to bearing it has to be radon and coldbridge free U value calculation is necessary and have to live up to the demands of the BR10 floor finishes has to be chosen carefully for easy cleaning and strong and maintenance free materials would recommend floor heating floor heating is better for the indoor climate and the economics Outer walls what is important when thinking of outer walls in kindergartens with indoor climate in mind They should be thick and be very isolated both for the cold and the warm
14. SVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv of Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader pa loft vegge og eller gulv Lugter der ofte muggent S lt Er der synlig skimmelsvamp VENS LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme X NN a Er der pc sk rme der star op mod et vindue x I Er der for lidt lys pa arbejdspladserne X I Z Z Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer X Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pet af gulvarealet Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor mm ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at X kommunikere med en person der st r V 1 m v k Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum XK Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der X I Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet X Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig X lt AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum X Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko X Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler x Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt
15. and have a discussion whit your local authorities about having the percent lowered or increased if you have good arguments for it for example if you are 2 www teknologisk dk 3 www delivery superstock com 13 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 designing a factory or a shopping mole and so on but that is not the case now Also you have to be aware of how you rotate your building in order to get the maximum use of the sun from the south that is when talking about taking advantage of the daylight that lights up our buildings But there becomes a big problem when the sun shines into your buildings because of the heat that the sun generates So there is a solution to the problem and that is a sun blocker or a sunscreen to prevent the sun to shine directly in to the building and creating bad hot indoor climate and that is something that we don t want in our kindergartens These regulations and demands are the main things that you have to have in mind when designing a kindergarten when thinking of daylight Acoustic lighting The things that I m concerned about when thinking about acoustic lighting are heat from the lights and cleaning In the Building Regulation it says that a normal lighting should not have over 50 Im W and extra good lighting should not go over 15 Im W Im W means luminous efficacy has units of lumens per watt Figure 4 Green lightpowl Starting with the heat the la
16. and have in mind what is best for the indoor climate in the building you are designing The deferens between building materials is so big and there is a big sea of materials that you can choose form In the regulations it says that building materials cannot give away any gasses damp particles or ionizing radiation that can make the indoor climate unhealthy and is bad for the people in the building You cannot use materials that have asbestos in them asbestos is one of the most harmful building materials for your lunges and therefore not allowed to use in buildings any more Asbestos isolation battens were very much used in the old days but due to health reasons they are not allowed any more another material is use now a days for isolating our buildings and that is mineral wool isolation Mineral wool isolation is much better than asbestos isolation but when mounting the mineral wool battens you Should read the producers instructions on how to protect yourself from the bad particles With the right finishes mineral wool is one of the best and most common isolation materials that you use to isolate you building You also have to make the building save form radon radon is a radioactive gas that exists in the ground High risk areas for radon to come up from the ground are around the foundation and in basement floors and walls The radon radioactivity should not exceed more than 100 Bq m Becquerel per cubic meter air 12 Indoor climate i
17. ccc cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeenenes 15 PIARD gt EE tons endaaarh und 15 gt EEE EEE 15 Decision making rrnnnannaavvvnnnnnennnnrnrnnnnnnsssnsnsnnnnssennnennnnnnnnnnnnn 16 UJE O g EE E ERE ENDERNE FN 17 DESI OMING anad SOW ING erransa tens Ea E 17 VE LS de EE EE EE EE E 20 QUGIITY SSU ENE vos re sosser eSak net 20 HET 21 Getting the logo aaarrrnrrnannnnnnnnnnnnnnssennnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnneenr 21 VE 23 BI NE 23 CO2 Carbon 61000 EE ER 24 FICCI ERE EE EE 26 Ar 1 EE 28 VONALON EE EEE EE E ER KE GE HEE Eee eee eee 28 Areas with bad indoor Climatel cccccccecee cess eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 30 EEE 31 OJ oe 0 EEE EEE NE 31 Equipment s to measure air quality cece ccc cece eee eeeeeeeeneees 32 MY researche Vava aan 32 Is the indoor climate good cc cece cece cece cece kk ERE LEE ERE ERE REE REE 34 COSES Of GOOG AF GUAN ane ene 35 EON 37 List of references aa Nb 38 WEDD AGS earnet ser Gea OET 38 REG Ul OR aar a ra lee ere 38 Tapie TTS 39 Problem statement have chosen to write this report to investigate if the indoor climate Is good enough in kindergartens And if it s not how can we fix it to make it better for our children The subject came up because have a little 3 year old daughter and have been to a few kindergartens and the indoor climate is so different in every one of them My research questions e What are the regulat
18. control station and there you can control the heat that you want to have in your building Floor heating does usually having hot water running through them in a circulation and sometimes floor heating is driven by electricity Floor heating is built in the floor construction and there for is not visible As we can see in the picture the air rises up from the floor towards the ceiling divided evenly through the rooms area When you are cold on your feet you instantly want to turn up the heat but not when the hottest Figure 12 Air flow when using floor heating Spot is by our feet By using floor heating you can decrease the degrees that you have in your building be around 2 4 C that is great for the budged because the local authorities are always thinking about the money So I would say that using floor heating in 12 www hmn naturgas dk 27 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 kindergartens would be the best solution why because children spend most of the time playing on the floor crawling around and then it is nice with a hot and comfortable floors Disadvantages of floor heating e Floor heating can be tiring for your feet It is not recommended to have floor heating in factories were people stand on their feet for 8 hours or more but in kindergartens were that is not the case floor heating should not be a big problem Air quality Ventilation Ventilation comes from th
19. d standards How planning a project that has to be designed with good indoor climate in mind will go into the quality assurance of materials and air quality will research health issues that are caused of bad ventilation moist in the construction and bad materials What kind of ventilation is used when designing a kindergarten Is it important to clean and maintain kindergartens made two surveys that show what people think of the kindergartens that their children are in and also the people that work in the kindergartens Last but not least talk about the cost of kindergartens with high standard indoor climate All of these topics and more have I taken in consideration and tried to look at from all angles to try to understand and get to know how to get the best indoor climate possible All of my researches have been made on the internet looking through regulations talking to people and going to different types of kindergartens to investigate the air quality in them Table of Contents Problem statement cece cece cece eee eee eee eens eeeeee esse ee eeeee eee e een EEN es 7 MOU ea 0 ett eee EN rt ee S 8 HOT AMU 8 Van 9 Regulations and AQMANGG cc cece cece cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeegs 10 GER ER eee te ee ee ee ee Eee 10 MOMENI OM EEE EE 10 MENE ee ee ee ee ere eee ree ee 12 ERR EA ttt TT et TT errr re rrr ee eT rere 13 De EE EEE EE 13 MOST INN 14 Indoor climate in KINdergartens
20. e Latin word ventilare meaning to expose to the wind The main purpose of buildings is to create an indoor climate more suitable for people more suitable than the outdoor climate is The key thing for ventilating our buildings is to create an indoor air quality more suitable for people than that naturally occurring in an unventilated building and to introduce again to the people the positive effect of being exposed to the wind that s it to delete and remove the pollutants that we the people create by using and living in a building our activities and the indoor surroundings There are 4 types of ventilations when it comes to ventilate buildings In Jens Peder Pedersens guide Indoor climate and ventilation he explains the 4 types very well and am going to use that to sum up the 4 types 28 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Picture 1 shows how the natural ventilation works The natural ventilation should create a circulation through the building the natural air flows through cracks in the window and through open windows Picture 2 is typical for the average home where the polluted air is extracted by mechanical ventilation from the kitchen bathroom toilet and scullery Picture 3 this is a ventilation system that is commonly used in offices stores and also kindergartens This system injects a certain amount of fresh air and also takes certain amount of old a
21. eeeees 29 Figure 14 A typical ventilation Structure rrnnaaaaaavnvnnnnnrrrrrnnnnnnsnnnn 30 Figure 15 Results from SUIVCY cece cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeennneenes 32 Figure 16 Results from Facebook survey sssssssssrrssrrsrrsresrrrrrrrrren 34 Figure 17 m2 price for ventilation aggregate made in sigma from the v amp s elg aa eler RE MT ON ES EEN 35 39 7 semester dissertation Appendix Indoor climate in kindergartens Air quality By David Hafsteinsson Bachelor of architectural technology and construction management Consultant Jens Peder Pedersen Hand in May 2011 VIA UN IVERSITY COLLEGE Horsens Campus Denmark VIDE Appendix There are two surveys in this the report one for the old kindergarten and then one for the new kindergarten There were 16 employers taking part in this survey 8 from each kindergarten The surveys come as an appendix and for those that are interested in see the results they can see the surveys here V The results from the old kindergarten INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR A NC Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur X Er der gener p grund af tr k X I Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestraling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde X lt mm LUFTKVALITET Li
22. ens The important thing is to have good drawings and send them to professionals that can calculate how big the aggregate should be and how the best way is to mount it Many companies species in selling aggregates and most of them have the mounting service included and with guarantee and maintenance V amp S price book is an organization that companies use to calculate prices when they are getting ready to go to tender have done the same the price on the picture Is taken from the average price of a ventilation aggregate for kindergartens On the first picture you can see Overskrift 1 Samlet KP 843 61 Salgspris per m2 0 00 poston fr frest Ye letegori enhed Mengde enhedspris kostpris samlete samietiP Read _ 843 61 843 61 jii 05 36 90 04 venblabon bornensbtuboner E m2 i 43 61 843 61 843 61 843 61 1 000 Figure 17 m2 price for ventilation aggregate made in sigma from the v amp s pricebook 7the cost of 1m which is 843 61 DKK and on the other one you can see the cost of a 100m which is 403 97 DKK There is a different in price because of the amount the more you buy the cheaper the m price gets So the cost of ventilation aggregate is pretty expensive but It says in the BR10 that it has to be mounted in every kindergarten for a better climate Are the materials that are approved by the Danish indoor climate logo The coast of them is not so sufficient that clients that are building kindergartens would notice any
23. entilation The air changes are very important for a good indoor climate and all the regulations have very strict demands about that for kindergartens When designer engineers starts on a new project they have to calculate the air flow in and out of a building and treat every building case differently they also have to consult with the producers manufactures of the ventilation aggregates 10 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 The air changes in kitchens toilets WCs compartments and other rooms like that shall detract and extract a certain amount of air in kitchens there should be detracted 20 l s from toilets and WCs there should be detracted 15 I s and in compartments and other rooms there should be detracted 10 I s In other rooms and areas the dimensioning and approval of the ventilation should have the approval of the local authorities Kindergartens shall be ventilated with ventilation aggregate for example heat recovery that lets the fresh air in and take the old damp air out That gives the best indoor climate for our children If you use the heat recovery aggregate in kindergartens the air that is blown tn and the air that is sucked out should be at least 3 I s per child and 5 I S per grownup In every m there should be blown in and sucked out 0 35 I s when the building is in use but the air exchanges can be reduced when the building is not in use to do that you have to use a certain s
24. entilation and forgetting the materials that are bad for the indoor climate The indoor climate logo gives us the possibilities to select materials that that we are interested in using to make the indoor climate as good as possible Thomas Witterseh When we talk about materials and what it takes to get the The Danish Indoor Climate Logo there are 3 main things that comes in concern e Getting rid of the gases in the materials That means that a material has to get rid of particles and gases after a certain amount of time after production and then the material has to be analyzed and approved by the organization The method of finding out if the material has gotten rid of enough gases and particles is to smell it e Particle release this means that the material that is approved by the organization has to have as little dust and fiber in it as possible when mounted on site e Indoor climate instructions these instructions are made to help the user use the correct methods when for example producing transporting housing mounting cleaning and maintain the materials And these instructions should be followed to get the best resolution for your indoor climate These instructions can be found at www teknologisk dk and www at dk 22 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 The producers have to extend the Danish Indoor Climate Logo every year for their products On a new building that has
25. er maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra AI PX Cel EK INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR Qa neo Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur DC Er der gener p grund af tr k Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde LX oa eal PG LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader V Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation SES Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv gt L Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv X Lugter der ofte muggent gt lt Er der synlig skimmelsvamp lt LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme gt Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue lt Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne lt Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer elle
26. falls also under the decision making phase because the designer have to know how much money they have between their hands when the start designing There should be a clear description on the wishes of the client regarding what he wants to use this building for That is very important for the designers to know because when designing a kindergarten with high quality indoor climate there are many laws in the Building Regulation that they have to follow It is the big picture that is important at this staged not the details For the energy and indoor climate classes it is important to know how the 16 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 building is turning sunlight reflection into the building acoustic lighting and its control room sizes room types furnishing both mobile and fixed these things should be nailed down with the client before the solving process begins Suggestion This phase is where the designers have been at work The designers have been looking for the best solutions and making analyzes of different materials and building components to make the indoor climate as good as possible following the client s demands and wishes of high quality indoor climate When the client has approved the analyzes and he has picked the materials and building components that he likes the designers can move on to the next phase and that is to solve the building After the meeting with the c
27. gger der tit st v p vandrette flader X Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent xX Er der slidte gulvtzepper eller lodne vzegflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne I VE Er der sigrre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation A Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter 2S FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv on Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv oS Lugter der ofte muggent S Er der synlig skimmelsvamp PS LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme gt lt Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue a Er der for lidt lys pa arbejdspladserne PS Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer X Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet x lt Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor X ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum X Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr de
28. gger der tit st v p vandrette flader x Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent X Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraiuld X Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation X A Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummer Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv x Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv Lugter der ofte muggent X Er der synlig skimmelsvamp I LYS I Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc skaerme X NE Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue Ta Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne S4 Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer X E Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet X 2 Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor ST Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der star 1 m v k 2 Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i saer skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der 7 Ea Forsommer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage mask
29. iger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde I LUFTKVALITET a NE Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader X Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent X Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld w Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation I Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP ee eee ee ee ee IIIi Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag vaegge og eller gulv ic aeo o oa ee a ee ee TT Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv x EEE S eee a Lugter der ofte muggent X er Er der synlig skimmelsvamp x ee LYS A Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme X a a a aa a aaa a a aaaea Er der pc skzerme der star op mod et vindue X aa a aaaea Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne x Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer x Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pet af gulvarealet x Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor X ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st
30. igger der tit st v p vandrette flader Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet Er der s mange personer i nummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv Lugter der ofte muggent Er der synlig skimmelsvamp LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet Pa Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor X ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der star 2 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage mask
31. ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig X AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum lt Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko DA Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt x Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer X Er der generende st j udefra X INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR Ja he Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor X mal udetemperatur nT Er der gener p grund af track o O l o A I Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestraling x Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen L Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde ODM LUFTKVALITET R o er er Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader ra Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent x Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation x I mm I F Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet x Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X A FUGT O
32. indergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Here are the most interesting facts from the surveys The temperature in the new one is much better according to the answers that got In the new kindergarten the temperature stays the same while in the old kindergarten the temperature raise more than 4 C during the day Also there is a little drafty in the old kindergarten also noticed that the difference between the floor and the head height is in the old kindergarten is more than 4 C which is because of radiators because the old kindergarten has radiators but the new one has floor heating The air quality is pretty similar at both places There is dust here and there but nothing abnormal So the cleaning crew is doing its job which is always a good thing But in both places the indoor air gets worse as the day gets to an end and the reason for that is because of the amount of Staff children in each room So that evidence says something about the ventilation system in both places in other words that the ventilation system is not good enough In both cases there IS no sign of a damp or mold in the building The lighting in both buildings are up to standard and there are no complains of that nature The window area is more than 10 so there is enough daylight streaming into the building the acoustic lighting is good so there is good enough work light The questions that asked the employers are taken form www at dk 33
33. iner p markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig X AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i stajbelastede rum X Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko X Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler x Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt x Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra X INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR gt A yen Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur gt lt I ZZ ZZ Er der gener p grund af tr k x Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestraling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde mm LUFTKVALITET I Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader a Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan gores ordentligt rent Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation mm Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter FUGT OG SKIMMEL
34. iner pa markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt A Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra INDEKLIMA MPERATUR Ls da ve Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur Er der gener p grund af tr k Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde xX S XL X lt LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent y Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne V Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation X Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet AX Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter Xx FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der
35. ions that you have to follow in order to get a good indoor climate e Ventilation systems what s the best solution e What are the best building materials for building our kindergartens e Heating systems what is the best solution e ls it expensive to have a good indoor climate e Where are the biggest climate problem areas in kindergartens The goal is to get a good and useful solution from this report I m going to try to go to some kindergartens here in Horsens and talk to people that work in the kindergartens and base my recherche on that Quote Specialist in the subject of good indoor climate David Hafsteinsson Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Introduction Indoor climate Man started very soon to take notice of the indoor climate in his buildings There are documented evidence that the Greek and Roman architects 460 377 BC were very aware of that polluted air inside their buildings was not good for peoples health but on the other hand there are no documents saying that they did something about it other than opening a window or something in that direction Indoor climate started to be a big issue for designers and developers around 1960 s when the energy crises hit Europe designers started to think seriously about the indoor climates in buildings At the time it started to become important to get a good indoor climate for health reasons because people were becoming sick for
36. lient there should not be any doubt about the project and no questions left unanswered All angles of the indoor climate should be visible and solved from ventilation furnishing building components materials and maintenance of the building This is why planning IS so important because in the long run it will pay off It means that if we get fewer problems in the next phase then the project will go much smoother like a well oiled machine and that is good for everybody Designing and solving This phase is where the Constructing Architects start working The selection of building materials products building components and work methods concerning indoor climate and the demand that the authorities have set at that time Everything has to be taken In consideration when planning and solving a building especially a kindergarten personally think that you cannot build a kindergarten that has a high quality indoor climate without building your house in a low energy class or as a passive house building and I know that the architects at Bjerg 17 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Arkitektuer would agree with me on that will tell you why there are two main reasons for It Number one is good isolated outer walls Good isolated walls are good for two things one they isolate the building very well in the winter time and two they isolate well the heat from the sun that shines on them in the summer
37. ligt DA Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer mm Er der generende st j udefra a INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR JA N E Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur x Er der gener p grund af tr k x Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestraling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde x x LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader X Ge F F V J Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent X Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation X mm I mmmm Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X lt I FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv x I Lugter der ofte muggen X mm Er der synlig skimmelsvamp X I mm LYS SO F ZZA Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme x I Er der pc
38. ly they are hidden under a false ceiling Areas with bad indoor climate For this report indoor climate in kindergartens went to few kindergartens to get the experience of the indoor climate in them Some of them were new some old and others where renovated noticed one thing about the indoor climate that was especially bad that was the toilets in the old kindergartens especially for the young children In every kindergarten for young children or as the Danes call them vuggestue 1 3 year old the climate in the toilets where pretty bad The reason for that was all the dirty diapers that where in the trash And then the question is what can we do to make improve this condition of the toilets e Ventilate better by not only blowing fresh air into the room but by taking some amount of the old bad diaper air out e A shutter to dispose diapers to an outside trashcan The bags and the trashcans are not working to keep the smell away Whatever it is something has to be done because the smell of it is not good for any body s health 14 Indoor climate and ventilation 30 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 would like to see in the near future some kind of a vacuum cleaner that would suck the diapers out to a special bin In that way it could dispose the diapers and get rid of the smell In changes a better indoor climate in areas with bad indoor climate in kindergartens Tempe
39. m tag v gge og eller gulv x Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader pa loft vegge og eller gulv X Lugter der ofte muggent x lt Er der synlig skimmelsvamp x LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme x Er der pc sk rme der star op mod et vindue X Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne X Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer AN Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet X Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor X ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum Xx Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der X Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner pa markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra X
40. mah ndbogen 2000 2 edition H rsholm 2970 Denmark Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut e konomi og Erhvervsministeriet Erhvervs og Byggestyrelsen Bygningsreglement 2010 BR10 30 juni 2010 1 edition K benhavn Black Square ApS e Jens Peder Pedersen Indoor climate and ventilation 38 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Table of figures Figure 1 The maximal CO2 level rrannanaanavvvvvvnnnnnrrrrrnnnnsnnssnsnsnnssenr 11 Figure 2 The indoor climate lOQO cccccccceccceeeeseeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeenes 13 Figure 3 The effect of SUNIIGNL ccc ccc ceeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 Figure 4 Green lightpowl ccc cece cece cece eee ENES ERE E SENERE EEN RENE nn Ree 14 Figure 5 The categories for of humidity in buildings 000 8 18 Figure 6 ANN OVE agerer ter REEE 20 Figure 7 Emission Classification of Building Materials 21 Figure 8 The indoor climate lOQO cccccccceccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeneeees 21 Figure 9 Front page of the paper for good indoor climate materials 24 Figure 10 Kindergarten in H je Taastrup cc cecceeeeeeeee sence eeeeeeeees 25 Figure 11 Air flow when using radiatorS raaaaavannnnrnnrnrrrnnnnnnnnnnsener 26 Figure 12 Air flow when using floor heating cccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 2 Figure 13 Different ventilation possibilities ccc cece cece scene eee ee
41. medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig x AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum x Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko X Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler X almindeligt Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra XK flows Yy TEMPERATUR SA w Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur X Er der gener p grund af tr k X Er der kuldenedfald eiler kuldestr ling x lt Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen X Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde x LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v pa vandrette flader x Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne x lt xX X Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation ve x Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter x FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind genne
42. mps generate It is very important that the acoustic lighting is kept in minimum use for the sake of energy loss and also for the sake of heat that the lamps generate In DS 474 the recommended temperature in kindergartens is 20 C at the coldest and 24 C at the warmest and the 2 C variations are allowed so it is very important that the lamps have the right amount of Im W and are not turned on when they don t have to be turned on www bazaardesigns com 14 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Cleaning is also very important when talking about a good indoor climate In order to clean the kindergartens up to standard of the AT arbejdstilsynet there has to be good lighting for the cleaners to clean Indoor climate in kindergartens Planning General Planning is the key to success in the building industry making the client happy and deliver a good and on time project Without planning there would be chaos nothing would get finished and delivered on time But we have planning and schools that are educating people in becoming planners not just in the building industry but for everything for example banks big factories computer companies and so on For the designers planning is the most crucial thing when creating a good design It is important for the designer to start with some vision and follow that vision through all the way to the end Of course you cannot always plan everything and
43. n kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 BR10 recommends the use of the Dansk Indeklima M rkning if you want to get the best results and the best indoor climate for your building Lighting Figure 2 The indoor There are two lighting angles that you have to think climate logo of when designing a kindergarten with a good indoor climate Daylight and Acoustic light are the two lighting aspects that you have to be aware of in the designing process In the BR10 it says that you Should have lighting in you building that is up to standard and makes the people that are using the building satisfied without creating unnecessary warmth in the building but still have enough light to work in Daylight 3Daylight is very important for a building it can save energy and gives a healthy lighting into the building But that is not the thing that I m concerned about what I m concerned about is the heat that daylight creates inside of the building There are some regulations that you have to follow and have in mind when designing a kindergarten When placing windows in your kindergartens in common spaces and working spaces there should be at least 10 of the floor area should be windows in the wall that bring in daylight but if there are skylights they should be at least 7 of the floor area But as always every building is unique and different so there is always a possibility that you can get an exception
44. nd 400 products have been approved be The Danish Indoor Climate Logo in 10 different categories e Ceiling and wall systems e Textile floor materials 23 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 e Interior doors and mobile walls e Wooden floors e Wooden floor oil e Windows and outer doors e Kitchen and bath units e Furniture e Interior paint e Electricity material The organization Emission Classification of Building Materials has given out a paper with all of the names of the companies and the materials that companies produce This paper has been given out for that reason to get professionals and clients more involved in thinking about the indoor climate and also to make it easier for them to select the right materials that are good for the indoor climate in the building that they are building or going to live in The paper can be found on www rakennustieto fi Examples of the companies that have gotten the approval of their products from the organization are weber gyproc cembrit rockfon rockwool ecophon i i i Figure 9 Front isover and many more companies are in the paper page of the paper for good indoor climate materials CO gt Carbon dioxide CO gt is the cause for indoor pollutants emitted by humans and hold hand in hand with human metabolic activity If the level of carbon dioxide in the indoor air is unusually high may it cause people that are
45. nd used air from the bil O building The system that is ON commonly used in this case is the gt mechanical heat recovery aggregate that heats the cold air with the hot old air and by that it saves money in heating coast and so on The heat recovery aggregate is not for Figure 13 Different ventilation a possibilities heating the purpose of it is to bring the fresh air in to the building It is very important that the air that is taken from the outside and blown into the building is not polluted Picture 4 a unit blows fresh air into the room from a low position The air from the hot old air moves up and is sucked out by mechanical ventilation this is called replacement ventilation 13 Indoor climate and ventilation by JPP 29 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Fa SL NV Ne 238m Fa X The type 3 is the one that is recommended for cose kindergartens It makes the Zn E Connection duct 1 i at 238 mh Sem 2 Fa i Pa S 230r ih best air quality for the building The system is to have one x p may re iain duct inlet and one outlet Both a Figure 14 A typical ventilation structure divided in main duct branch duct and then connection duct as seen on the picture to the left When designing a ventilation system for a kindergarten there has to be taken in consideration the space that the pipes can take because usual
46. over Denmark With better materials and more skilled people in constructing and planning good indoor climate with ventilation systems and better demands we almost can t go wrong when designing a good indoor climate in our kindergartens So my opinion is that we are on the right way to success in creating better indoor climate There is always the one question that every client asks What does it cost it is a good question and it has an answer The answer is the good indoor climate is more expensive than the ok indoor climate but is the cost of your health and your children s health not worth more 37 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 List of references Webpages e www at dk e www geomiljo dk e www indeklimaportalen dk e www sbi dk e www teknologisk dk e www bolius dk e www efanet org e www halton dk e www alectia com e www bjerg nu e www dnv com e www rakennustieto fi e en danoline com e en wikipedia org e onlinelibrary wiley com e www exhausto dk e ing dk e hmn naturgas dk Regulations e Bo Andersen Erik Christophersen HD Ejner Jerking Bjarne W Olesen Henning H rup S rensen Gunnar Langkilde DS 474 Norm for specifikation af termisk indeklima December 1993 1 edition Bauneg rdsvej 73 Denmark 2900 Hellerup Danish Standards Association e Ole Valbj rn Susse Lausten John H wisch Ove Nielsen Peter A Nielsen SBI ANVISNING 196 indekli
47. per eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld x Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation S o ENE Bliver generende lugt haengende l nge i rummet X Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv x Lugter der ofte muggent X Er der synlig skimmelsvamp X LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme I a F Er der pc sk rme der star op mod et vindue X nn Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne KR Tt Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af guivarealet KK X Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor mm ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum X Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der X I Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet x Er der medarbejdere der
48. provide a Class 2 indoor climate which is the highest indoor climate classification that can be achieved Lars K hler This kindergarten that Bjerg Arkitektur is designing is just a school book example of how to get rid of CO gt in kindergartens green plant good natural and mechanical ventilation and use the materials that are 2b FR recommended by M1 and you are good Figure 10 Kindergarten in H je Taastrup to go with a healthy indoor climate Placement on the site is also very important looking at the traffic aspect of the case It is recommended that the designers that design the 10 www bjerg nu dk 25 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 kindergarten try to place the building away from parking lots very there are automobiles that release CO2 The reason for that is the natural ventilation can let in CO2 from the automobiles into the kindergarten and then we have polluted indoor climate Of course we cannot get rid of all of the CO gt to get into the building but by trying to minimize the volume is always a Start No smoking allowed this is a phrase that everybody knows could imagine if smoking were allowed inside and by public school buildings and kindergartens it would be a disaster for indoor climate Heating Radiators tRadiators have been used for a long time and are the most common method of heat our buildings Radiators do usually having hot
49. r v Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest stajsvage maskiner p markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale nar der er flere der taler Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra AL x AD INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR Gr ne Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur X Er der gener p grund af tr k X Er der kuldenedfald eiler kuldestr ling x Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen v Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem guiv og hovedh jde Dy LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader x Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent pa Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld x Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne x Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation X Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet Er der s mange personer i rummet at luf
50. r vinduer gt lt Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor X ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 4 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der VG Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer Er der generende st j udefra DO EN BG ESI E INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur Er der gener pa grund af traek Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde PS BS SG Kl LUFTKVALITET Li
51. rature What effect has Light on the indoor climate It has huge effect we can start by talking about daylight Daylight is very important when heat is involved When the sun is low in the winter time and there is not much of it then we want it shining in to our kindergartens for lighting and heating reasons But on the other hand when the sun is shining in the summertime it can become a problem because of overheating the building Then two things come in good use and they are sunblockers and thick isolated walls The sunblockers can come in all kind of form in the form of a roof outhang curtains and aluminum or wood sun screens that are specially put in front of your window in a certain degree that it blocks the sun when it is the warmest Cleaning It is very important that there is used a reliable and a high quality cleaning company when it comes to cleaning in the kindergartens The kindergarten should be as clean as possible at all times Cleaning is not only to keep the building clean but also to maintain the surface materials such as the floor walls and fixed interior There should be used materials that are carefully chosen by professionals to get the best result for a healthy kindergarten In every kindergarten there is recommended that there is formed a cetin safety group The safety group contains of people that work in the kindergartens and are there every day The point of this safety group IS to ge
52. ring the breakthrough of modern hygiene from mid 19th century indoor environmental issues received a lot of attention Attention that is understandable and an attention that should have come much earlier It is very important that we try to make the climate inside our kindergartens as good as possible for the sake of our children because they are the future Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Regulations and demands General In the regulations there is talked about that a building should be designed for its usage and were people are working or staying for a X amount of time there should be designed a good and healthy indoor climate so the people living and working in the building will be happy and satisfied Of course there is no smoking in kindergartens that would be a disaster for the indoor climate There are 3 main things that the regulations says you have to have in mind in order to get a good and healthy indoor climate in your kindergarten ventilation materials and lighting these thing are crucial if an good indoor climate should be reached Ventilation Buildings should be ventilated to get the best indoor climate they possibly can The ventilation systems should be calculated mounted and kept maintained by professionals for the best resolution for the indoor climate All ventilation calculations should be calculated in order to the DS 447 witch is the Danish Standard for v
53. rne udenfor XI X AX mm ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 2 1 m v k x Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres 1 s r skilte rum x Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der x I mm 5 4 Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet X Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig Sr 6 AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J A Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum c f xX Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko 6 2 x Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler 3 X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler GE y almindeligt X Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer x 6 5 Er der generende st j udefra 64 X I The results from the new kindergarten INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR oe i Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur X Er der gener p grund af tr k gt Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling Pad Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen x Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedh jde ex LUFTKVALITET L
54. rsoner maskiner eller installationer X Er der generende st j udefra XL TEMPERATUR Ni Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur X Er der gener p grund af tr k Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestr ling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel meliem gulv og hovedh jde X LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit st v p vandrette flader Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent X Er der slidte gulvt pper eller lodne v gflader fx med stof eller mineraluld X Er der generende lugt fra inventar bygningen eller omgivelserne Er der st rre eller flere printere kopimaskiner i arbejdsrum uden ventilation X Bliver generende lugt h ngende l nge i rummet Er der s mange personer i rummet at luften bliver d rlig der lugter X FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv Lugter der ofte muggent Er der synlig skimmelsvamp SIX x gt LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme Y Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue po G Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne X Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer x 7 Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet X Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet
55. s SO Important to select the wright materials when designing a good and healthy indoor climate in kindergartens We want the best things for our children and the best thing is the cleanest air they can get When our children spend around 6 10 hours in there kindergartens so it s very Important that the indoor climate is up to the best standard possible Quality assurance To quality assure the things that we do we have to look for some tool that are specially made for the things that we are interested in In Denmark they have an organization by the name of The Danish Indoor Climate Logo Dansk Indeklima M rket The Figure 6 Approved 6 us 123rf com 20 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 purpose of this organization is to help producers and other manufactures make better materials for our health Last but not least for the client so he can choose what is best for him Also the Danish indoor climate logo is trying to make producer and people in general notice that it is important to think of the indoor climate International The Danes are not the only nation that has Started to think of an indoor climate Many other nations have started to think of it because of the illnesses that it is causing And there is another organization that comes i Figure 7 Emission from Finland and is a little more national than classification of Building Materials the The Dani
56. sh Indoor Climate Logo This organization is called Emission Classification of Building Materials and has more or less the same purpose as the Danish one Emission Classification of Building Materials has given out a list of companies and there materials that they have approved and has gotten there logo These companies are companies mainly located in Europe Getting the logo By selecting the right materials for you project you can minimize the risk of the kindergartens employers and the children that are there every day of getting sick As the director of the The Danish Indoor Climate Logo Thomas Witterseh says the qualities and possibilities for using there logo for products and furniture We have known for a long time that air quality affects our health and therefore is it a good idea to climate logo 7 www rakennustieto fi 8 www teknologisk dk 21 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 look at how you can prepare air quality better and finally try to get rid of illnesses like headache could and skin diseases In this connection the role of the The Danish Indoor Climate Logo is very important The Indoor Climate Logo guarantees that the products that have it have positive influence on the indoor climate and keeps the indoor climate health Thomas Witterseh Thomas Witterseh also talks about how the Building Regulation is focusing on energy and v
57. siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv AX Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv SE Lugter der ofte muggent 7 Er der synlig skimmelsvamp X LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme AX Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue AX Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne AX Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Pa Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet DS Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor AX ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 2 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der K Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner pa markedet AQ Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig DQ AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lyddzempning af lofter i stajbelastede rum Xx Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko gt lt Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale nar der er flere der taler Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt Er der generende st j fra person
58. skaerme der star op mod et vindue Er der for lidt lys pa arbejdspladserne KYA Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet ge 154 AS Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor I ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 1 m v k X Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r X skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der X mm Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet X Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig lt AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lyddaempning af lofter i st jbelastede rum S lt Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler almindeligt x Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer L o a Er der generende st j udefra X mm INDEKLIMA 4 TEMPERATUR JA NE Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor 1 1 mal udetemperatur x Er der gener pa grund af track 4 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 Ts LUFTKVALITET
59. st r op mod et vindue X mm Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne X I ae Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor x I I Nm ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 4 1 m v k skilte rum Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r X Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der x I Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p Erry ved ikke Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig KE vere Pam AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i stajbelastede rum Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko Y Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler Y almindeligt Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer X Er der generende st j udefra x INDEKLIMA TEMPERATUR JA NED Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur X 2 EEN Er der gener p grund af tr k x lt I Er der kuldenedfald eller kuldestraling St
60. t people to clean up after them self s and make them care about he indoor climate that they have to be in every day 31 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 There is a guide at www at dk that has good instructions on how to clean a building Equipment s to measure air quality There is a tool that is used to measure CO CO temperature humidity in the air and air pressure in buildings the measuring tool is called TSI 9555 VelociCalc Plus hand instrument with TSI 982 IAQ probe This tool is placed in a certain height around 1 7 meters from the floor The equipment is kept in the room for 24 hours while the room is in full USE My researches did researches in two kindergartens one old and one new And as learned by reading the results from the surveys there was a lot of difference from the old one to the 250 new one I m going to point out a Eno new few interesting facts from the 150 E no old survey that I thought were myesnew 100 Eyes old interesting and give a good picture of the difference between old and comparance of old and new new kindergartens Figure 15 Results from survey The graph that you can see on the right is the overall result from the survey and shows how many employees have answered yes or no from each kindergarten All of the surveys are in the appendix list 1 gt Results from survey made in excel 32 Indoor climate in k
61. ten bliver d rlig der lugter FUGT OG SKIMMELSVAMP Sker det at der siver vand ind gennem tag v gge og eller gulv Er der misfarvninger fra tidligere fugtskader p loft v gge og eller gulv Lugter der ofte muggent Er der synlig skimmelsvamp LYS Er der bl nding eller spejlinger i pc sk rme Er der pc sk rme der st r op mod et vindue Er der for lidt lys p arbejdspladserne Bl nder lys fra lysarmaturer eller vinduer Er vinduesarealet mindre end ca 10 pct af gulvarealet ved Uleg Mangler der udsyn fra arbejdsrummet til omgivelserne udenfor ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der star 2 1 m v k Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomr der X X XIS x x lt IV Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet X Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig X AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum X Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko SG Er der lokaler hvor det er svzert at opfatte tale nar der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler X almindeligt Er der generende st j fra pe
62. th Wooden construction is very good for that purpose because it can keep the walls thin but have a good isolation value other than concrete elements which are thick but can have a good isolation value Also the wooden construction is environmentally friendly wood is a very bad conductor of cold and warmth and also it is good for embodied energy which is becoming more and more important now a days U value calculation is necessary and has to live up to the demands of the BR10 If there is used paint inside of 19 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 outer walls there should be used approved paint and render that the Danish indoor climate logo organization has approved Inner walls The isolation and plate materials should give as little as possible particle release There should be chosen paint and render that is approved by the Danish indoor climate logo organization Roof ceiling The roof should be well isolated and live up to the demands of the BR10 Wooden construction is very good for that purpose because it can keep the walls thin but have a good isolation value other than concrete elements which are thick but can have a good isolation value The companies that are the biggest ones in manufacturing falls ceiling are very aware of the indoor climate and have developed their products to have a healthy effect on the indoor climate in buildings Materials It i
63. there will be some surprises along the way but it is just to have something to hold on to and keep the designers on schedule That is why the authorities have made a system for the architecture offices and the contractors so everybody plays by the same rules 15 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 In the SBI 196 there is a system that is used for planning a good and healthy indoor climate and shows how important it is to plan also communicate with all the good people that are involved in the project such as the client professionals authorities and so on This SBI 196 is just an example a tool for the designer of how they could plan their work This planning process is when the architecture companies have won the competition and get to start producing the project so that it can be built Let s take an example if they had gotten a kindergarten and were Supposed to produce it then this SBI 196 example would be perfect for that This is the order that they work in according to the SBI 196 Decision making There are three main things that you have to be very aware of and have fully under control e That the client makes his indoor climate policy for the kindergarten very clear from the start e That the kindergartens terms are sharp concerning the usage of the building e The client goals and wishes for the indoor climate quality in the kindergarten should be very clear from day one Cost
64. til omgivelserne udenfor Y ST J Er der medarbejdere der er udsatte for st j der er s h j at de m r be for at kommunikere med en person der st r 4 1 m v k x Kan virksomheden d mpe eller indkapsle st jkilderne eller kan de placeres i s r skilte rum BAS Mangler der st jsk rme mellem st jkilder og arbejdsomrader X Fors mmer virksomheden at indk be de mest st jsvage maskiner p markedet Er der medarbejdere der ikke bruger h rev rn selv om st jen er kraftig AKUSTIK GENERENDE ST J Mangler der lydd mpning af lofter i st jbelastede rum S Er der lokaler hvor lyden runger giver let ekko X Er der lokaler hvor det er sv rt at opfatte tale n r der er flere der taler X Er der installationer der st jer s det generer medarbejderne n r de taler X almindeligt Er der generende st j fra personer maskiner eller installationer X Er der generende st j udefra X INDEKLIMA TEM i PERATUR Des hee Er temperaturen i arbejdsrummet h jere end 25 C eller lavere end 18 C ved nor mal udetemperatur x Er der gener p grund af tr k x Er der kuldenedfald elier kuldestraling Stiger temperaturen i arbejdsrummet mere end 4 C i l bet af dagen Er der mere end 4 C forskel mellem gulv og hovedhgjde x LUFTKVALITET Ligger der tit stov pa vandrette flader X Forhindrer m bler og rod at der kan g res ordentligt rent
65. water running through them ina circulation gas is sometimes used and sometimes are they driven by electricity Radiators are usually placed under Figure 11 Air flow when using radiators windows to block the cold air that comes from the outside to entering the building Radiators create circulation in the rooms that they are placed in This circulation should keep the air moving and make the air fresher As we see on the picture to right the heat is lowest down by the floor and is highest near the ceiling 11 www hmn naturgas dk 26 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Disadvantages of radiators e The air is colder at floor level Why that is bad because when we get cold on our feet we want to turn up the heat and as we know in Denmark heating cost a lot of money e Their appearance IS not very appealing for the eye e They collect a lot of dust and particles that is hard to clean not good for indoor climate e Usually manually controlled that is no good because It is like talked about earlier in the report that people are different from each other when one is cold then another one is hot and so on and that is going to be a big expense in the kindergartens budged Floor heating Floor heating is a fairly new idea The system of floor heating is that it is built up on so called mattresses that can have x amount of length These mattresses are controlled by a wireless
66. working in the kindergartens and also for the children to grow drowsy get headaches or function at lower activity levels People are the Main indoor source of carbon dioxide Indoor levels are an indicator of the www rakennustieto fi 24 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 performance of outdoor air ventilation relative to the current indoor density and metabolic activity The architect company Bjerg Arkitektur is an architecture company that has become very skilled in designing low energy building with first class indoor climate Bjerg Arkitektur has just design a kindergarten that is a passive building and with a first class indoor climate They have tried to get rid of all the CO gt from the indoor climate Their building has a big center that they call the heart of the building and that center is supposed to clean the building of CO2 the center has a big window that lets light and fresh air into all the corners of the building Lars K hler from Bjerg Arkitektur explains the design of the center The atrium will act like a sluice for natural ventilation which is essential in a children s day care center with many people gathered in just a small Space A large tree in the atrium and lots of green plants will help create a green and natural atmosphere throughout the building They will also clean the building of CO2 Together with the low energy and indoor climate initiatives it will
67. ystem that does that automatically It should also be insured that the CO gt in the air should never rise above 0 1 There are no demands for thermal climate only guidelines and recommendations of how to make the best of the thermal climate Thermal climate is a Indeklimaklas se Forventet utilfredshed med combination of radiation ES indeklimaet 15 hajt niveau temperature air temperature 75 middel niveau movement of the air noise level c lt 30 moderat ne au and the relative humidity in Figure 1 The maximal CO2 level different buildings It is expected that not everybody is happy with the thermal climate for example at an office or a kindergarten because people are different they are on different age and they dress differently and so on The things that are written in the regulations about thermal climate is that the percent of the unsatisfied people has to be around 15 30 It depends on the class of the indoor climate as shown in the picture above and not go lower than 700 ppm CO level the humidity should be around 50 air changes 1 www exhaust dk 11 Indoor climate in kindergartens air quality David Hafsteinsson CAHS73 Should in kindergartens should be 3 times an hour and the movement of the air should be at most 0 15 m s to prevent a draft in the building Materials In the Building Regulation it says that when choosing a building material you should be very careful what you choose

indoor climate in kindergartens, air -uality

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