Home

User`s manual FLIR Ex series

1. 16 Sf enel PE 16 8 7 2 e A sone aaa aaa 16 Measuring the hottest temperature within an area 16 884 Generali os 16 8 82 PIOCOGUIO us 2 t 00 carcasas aiii 16 Measuring the coldest temperature within an area 16 cR MERCI Xd TEE 16 0 92 JPIOCOGU O a ui ici mob SE kakta e 16 Hiding measurement tools 17 S 10 1 PIOCOOUIGU o is aa 17 Changing the color palette 17 BAT Gr er qhu uu noa in inte 17 8 11 2 es A u uhu yu bt eee ne eee ee 17 Working with color alarms 17 om phis ME CIO rc 17 8 122 Image Samples ass Hai 17 8 12 3 Procedure nn ee see 18 Changing image mode sooner ven eeenen enen eneen vennen eens 18 Ball Cmm 18 82132 PIOGSOUDIS eQ uu no anna 19 Changing the temperature scale mode 19 NI IL gl cnt I er 19 8 14 2 When to use Lock mode 20 8 14 3 When to use Manual mode 20 mE M roce mee c 20 Setting the emissivity as a surface property 21 815 1 General maius Q de arama tect cease den orat 21 9 15 2 e A adbe 21 Setting the emissivity as a custom material 21 8 10 41 Generals t eee b e i eet 2
2. Technical data Color palettes Black and white iron and rainbow Set up commands Local adaptation of units language date and time formats Storage of images File formats Standard JPEG 14 bit measurement data included Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB Micro Data transfer to and from PC and Mac device Power system Battery type Rechargeable Li ion battery Battery operating time Approx 4 hours at 25 C 77 F ambient tem perature and typical use Charging system Battery is charged inside the camera or in specific charger Charging time 2 5 hours to 90 capacity in camera 2 hours in charger Power management Automatic shut down AC operation AC adapter 90 260 VAC input 5 VDC output to camera Environmental data Operating temperature range 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F Storage temperature range 40 C to 70 C 40 F to 158 F Humidity operating and storage IEC 60068 2 30 24 h 95 relative humidity EMG WEEE 2012 19 EC RoHs 2011 65 EC C Tick EN 61000 6 3 EN 61000 6 2 FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Class B Physical data Camera weight incl battery 0 575 kg 1 27 Ib Camera size L x W x H 244 x 95 x 140 mm 9 6 x 3 7 x 5 5 in Color Black and gray Certifications Certification UL CSA CE PSE and CCC 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 27 Technical data Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera Hard transport case
3. The charging time for a fully depleted battery is 2 hours 8 1 2 Charging the battery using the FLIR stand alone battery charger Follow this procedure 1 Connect the stand alone battery charger to a wall outlet 2 Remove the battery from the camera 7 3 Put the battery into the stand alone battery charger e The charging time for a fully depleted battery is 2 hours The battery is being charged when the blue LED is flashing The battery is fully charged when the blue LED is continuous 8 1 3 Charging the battery using a USB cable Follow this procedure 1 Connect the camera to a computer using a USB cable To charge the camera the computer must be turned on e Charging the camera using a USB cable connected to a computer takes considerably longer than using the FLIR power supply or the FLIR stand alone battery charger 8 2 Turning on and turning off the camera e Pushthe button to turn on the camera e Push and hold the button for less than 5 seconds to put the camera in standby mode The camera then automatically turns off after 48 hours e Push and hold the button for more than 10 seconds to turn off the camera T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 14 Operation 8 3 Saving an image 8 3 1 General You can save multiple images to the internal camera memory 8 3 2 Image capacity Approximately 500 images can be saved to the internal camera memory 8 3 3 Naming convention
4. User s manual FLIR Ex series User s manual FLIR Ex series go 1 209 AN BEA A y YY RTIFICKS ty e Intertek 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US Table of contents 1 Disclaimers cinco 1 1 1 E A erstens T 1 1 2 Usage statistical A leisten 1 1 3 Changes TOCINA ne 1 1 4 U S Government Regulations 1 1 5 Gres idsl mL m 1 1 6 ITI Eccc P eh asl cect seen 1 1 7 cuia se ee ae een 1 1 8 EULA TEMS 2 usu ann 1 1 9 EULA TOYS anorte anie dani O coo ase 1 2 Safety Information 3 3 Notice to USO iia dis 6 3 1 USer tosuser TORUS da a 6 3 2 Galia eet T t HERE 6 3 3 ACCU M PP eat 6 3 4 Disposal of electronic waste 6 3 5 THANG ECKE 6 3 6 Documentation updates secas 6 3 7 Important note about this manual 6 3 8 Note about authoritative versions 6 4 Customer helr 7 4 1 1210 210 RENE EE EE A EE 7 4 2 Subrniting a QUESTION missen e eener Cia ep Dee A 7 4 3 OW MI OAC ee ERE METTRE 8 5 Quick Start Gulde M 9 5 1 Procedure Eta baer ee Gaetan en anne 9 6 List of accessories and services 10 7 Description Ec 11 vA Camera Balls seerde nennen oei 11 Zell FIOS zam aces sell 11 Tale
5. Copper oxide red powder 0 70 Ebonite 0 89 Emery coarse 0 85 Enamel 0 85 0 95 0 85 0 75 0 88 0 77 Enamel lacquer Fiber board Fiber board Fiber board Fiber board 20 SW SW LW W LW SW hard untreated masonite masonite N O NT N NIN N N al OI I O N I N N al ojo ojo N DI N eo E ojoljoljo 0p particle board Fiber board particle board 70 0 89 Fiber board Gold Gold Gold porous untreated 20 0 85 130 polished 0 018 polished carefully 200 600 0 02 0 03 polished highly 100 0 02 IN T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 7 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued o o NO NO oO O Granite polished LLW 0 849 N LLW 0 879 SW Granite rough Granite rough 4 different 70 0 95 0 97 samples Granite rough 4 different 70 LW 0 77 0 87 samples Gypsum 0 8 0 9 Ice See Water p z Iron and steel cold rolled N N N N N o o eo Iron and steel cold rolled LW covered with red 20 0 61 0 85 rust Iron and steel Iron and steel electrolytic 100 0 05 Iron and steel electrolytic 0 05 Iron and steel electrolytic 0 07 Iron and steel electrolytic care 175 225 0 05 0 06 fully polished Iron and steel freshly worked 20 with emery Iron and steel ground shee
6. EXPlanalOM eisen else 11 7 2 Lo oder tte ide 11 TEA O A lens Ae tant NO lese 11 1 22 Explanation een ea he iU ees 11 7 3 CONNGOIDIS ea ein ea iaa 12 Toont IOO Sei p naka ee ee edn MEL IAE 12 fade Elana Oea a nate aasmatte acces 12 7 4 SN ada od 13 TAM FOUG er E A 13 LAL JEXPIAN cen 13 8 DPeratlon surta is 14 8 1 Charging the battery 14 8 1 1 Charging the battery using the FLIR power supply 14 8 1 2 Charging the battery using the FLIR stand alone battery e 1 121 ate te eee ae ee ee et ee eee eeen 14 8 1 3 Charging the battery using a USB cable 14 8 2 Turning on and turning off the camera 14 8 3 SAVING GMM A GC ren ee eisen seeded 15 dol Generali eee bas Maine ae 15 8 32 IMAGE Capac renten leerer 15 833 Naming CONVE NOM u uuu meere eert dende dean 15 8 34 PIOGOOUIO nude 15 8 4 Becalling EN IMAGO Tx T 15 841 GENE err ehonneiteead nieten neee eee 15 T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US V Table of contents 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 10 8 11 8 12 8 13 8 14 8 15 8 16 8 17 8 18 8 19 8 20 8 21 84 2 PIOCCOUNG i Sois ls ee alain A 15 Deleting An Image nee aos ls eee 15 A Malo h 15 Bs MEM rome i e 15 Deletingalimades user canos 16 8 6 1 CON E 16 8 0 2 Procedu ao ee nenne 16 Measuring a temperature using a spotmeter
7. Battery inside camera USB cable Power supply charger with EU UK US and Australian plugs User documentation CD ROM Printed documentation e FLIR Tools download card Supplies amp accessories e 1911093 Tool belt e 1198528 Hard transport case FLIR Ex series e 1198530 Battery e 1198531 Battery charger incl power supply e 1198532 Car charger 1198534 Power supply USB micro e 1198529 Pouch FLIR Ex and ix series e 1198533 USB cable Std A lt gt Micro B 1198583 FLIR Tools license only 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 28 Technical data 9 5 FLIRE5 P N 63905 0501 Rev 22369 General description The FLIR Ex series cameras are point and shoot infrared cameras that give you access to the infrared world A FLIR Ex series camera is an affordable replacement for an infrared thermometer providing a thermal image with temperature information in every pixel The new MSX and visual formats make the cameras incomparably easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are user friendly compact and rugged for use in harsh environments The wide field of view makes them the perfect choice for building applications e Easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are fully automatic and focus free with an intuitive inter face for simple measurements in thermal visual or MSX mode Compact and rugged The FLIR Ex series cameras low weight of 0 575 kg and the accessory belt pouch make them easy to bring along
8. Do not use the battery if when you use charge or put the battery in storage there is an unusual smell from the battery the battery feels hot changes color changes shape or is in an unusual condition Speak with your sales office if one or more of these problems occurs Damage to the battery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Only use a specified battery charger when you charge the battery Damage to the battery can occur if you do not do this CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries The temperature range through which you can charge the battery is 0 C to 45 C 32 F to 113 F unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data If you charge the bat tery at temperatures out of this range it can cause the battery to become hot or to break It can also de crease the performance or the life cycle of the battery 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 4 Safety information CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries The temperature range through which you can remove the electrical power from the battery is 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data If you operate the battery out of this temperature range it can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or mo
9. ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optical material and remained so for the next hundred years until the art of synthetic crystal growing was mastered in the 1930 s Figure 17 3 Macedonio Melloni 1798 1854 Thermometers as radiation detectors remained unchallenged until 1829 the year Nobili invented the thermocouple Herschel s own thermometer could be read to 0 2 C 0 036 F and later models were able to be read to 0 05 C 0 09 F Then a break through occurred Melloni connected a number of thermocouples in series to form the first thermopile The new device was at least 40 times as sensitive as the best thermome ter of the day for detecting heat radiation capable of detecting the heat from a person standing three meters away The first so called heat picture became possible in 1840 the result of work by Sir John Herschel son of the discoverer of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil when exposed to a heat pat tern focused upon it the thermal image could be seen by reflected light where the inter ference effects of the oil film made the image visible to the eye Sir John also managed to obtain a primitive record of the thermal image on paper which he called a thermograph 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 58 17 History of infrared technology 32 pa
10. 0 88 Tren 20 C 68 F Tam 20 C 68 F 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 69 19 The measurement formula 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F Dd 29 Figure 19 3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters t 0 88 Tres 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 70 20 Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems 20 1 References 1 Mikael A Bramson Infrared Radiation A Handbook for Applications Plenum press N Y 2 William L Wolfe George J Zissis The Infrared Handbook Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C 3 Madding R P Thermographic Instruments and systems Madison Wisconsin Uni versity of Wisconsin Extension Department of Engineering and Applied Science 4 William L Wolfe Handbook of Military Infrared Technology Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C 5 Jones Smith Probert External thermography of buildings Proc of the Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers vol 110 Industrial and Civil Applications of Infrared Technology June 1977 London 6 Paljak Pettersson Thermography of Buildin
11. In the dialog box select Device settings This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Reset options This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Delete all saved images oe um 8 7 Measuring a temperature using a spotmeter 8 7 1 General You can measure a temperature using a spotmeter This will display the temperature at the position of the spotmeter on the screen 8 7 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 On the toolbar select Measurement This displays a toolbar 3 On the toolbar select Center spot The temperature at the position of the spotmeter will now be displayed in the top left corner of the screen 8 8 Measuring the hottest temperature within an area 8 8 1 General You can measure the hottest temperature within an area This displays a moving spot meter that indicates the hottest temperature 8 8 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 On the toolbar select Measurement This displays a toolbar 3 On the toolbar select Auto hot spot Ed 8 9 Measuring the coldest temperature within an area 8 9 1 General You can measure the coldest temperature within an area This displays a moving spot meter that indicates the coldest temperature 8 9 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 On the
12. The naming convention for images is FLIRxxxx jpg where xxxx is a unique counter 8 3 4 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 To save an image pull the trigger 8 4 Recalling an image 8 4 1 General When you save an image it is stored in the internal camera memory To display the im age again you can recall it from the internal camera memory 8 4 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the Archive button Push the navigation pad left right or up down to select the image you want to view Push the center of the navigation pad This displays the selected image gt oN To return to live mode push the Cancel button repeatedly or push the Archive button 8 5 Deleting an image 8 5 1 General You can delete one or more images from the internal camera memory 8 5 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the Archive button Ll Push the navigation pad left right or up down to select the image you want to view Push the center of the navigation pad This displays the selected image Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar Fre T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 15 Operation 5 On the toolbar select Delete Ei 8 6 Deleting all images 8 6 1 General You can delete all images from the internal camera memory 8 6 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select Settings El This displays a dialog box
13. for which e e 1 e A graybody for which ej e constant less than 1 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 64 Theory of thermography e A selective radiator for which e varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s law for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorp tance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength That is Oy From this we obtain for an opaque material since aa pa 1 ara For highly polished materials approaches zero so that for a perfectly reflecting materi al i e a perfect mirror we have p 1 For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes W ec T Watt m This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of e from the graybody Figure 18 8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators 1 Spectral radiant emittance 2 Wave length 3 Blackbody 4 Selective radiator 5 Graybody 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 65 18 Theory of thermography Figure 18 9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators 1 Spectral emissivity 2 Wavelength 3 Black body 4 Graybody 5 Selective radiator 18 4 Infrared semi transparent materials Consider now a non metallic semi transparent body let us say in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated
14. 2 Onthe toolbar select Image mode El This displays a toolbar 3 Onthe toolbar select one of the following Thermal Msx Ell e Thermal I e Picture in picture e Thermal blending al This displays a dialog box where you can select the mixing level e Digital camera El 4 f you have selected the Thermal MSX Picture in picture or Thermal blending mode also set the distance to the object by doing the following e On the Image mode toolbar select Alignment distance B This displays a dialog box e Inthe dialog box select the distance to the object 8 14 Changing the temperature scale mode 8 14 1 General The camera can depending on the camera model operate in different temperature scale modes e Auto mode In this mode the camera is continuously auto adjusted for the best image brightness and contrast e Lock mode In this mode the camera locks the temperature span and the temperature level 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 19 Operation e Manual mode This mode allows manual adjustments of the temperature span and the temperature level 8 14 2 When to use Lock mode A typical situation where you would want to use Lock mode is when looking for tempera ture anomalies in two items with a similar design or construction For example if you are looking at two cables where you suspect one is overheated working in Lock mode will clearly show that one is overheated The higher temperature in that cable wou
15. 2 1 General Depending on the type of connection a socket has an improperly connected wire can re sult in local temperature increase This temperature increase is caused by the reduced contact area between the connection point of the incoming wire and the socket and can result in an electrical fire A socket s construction may differ dramatically from one manufacturer to another For this reason differ ent faults in a socket can lead to the same typical appearance in an infrared image Local temperature increase can also result from improper contact between wire and socket or from dif ference in load 13 2 2 Figure The image below shows a connection of a cable to a socket where improper contact in the connection has resulted in local temperature increase 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 42 13 Application examples 13 3 Oxidized socket 13 3 1 General Depending on the type of socket and the environment in which the socket is installed ox ides may occur on the socket s contact surfaces These oxides can lead to locally in creased resistance when the socket is loaded which can be seen in an infrared image as local temperature increase A socket s construction may differ dramatically from one manufacturer to another For this reason differ ent faults in a socket can lead to the same typical appearance in an infrared image Local temperature increase can also result from improper contact between a wir
16. 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Plaster plasterboard 20 untreated Plastic 70 SW un h glass fibre lami nate printed circ cO board N O N DIN oO eo Plastic glass fibre lami 0 91 nate printed circ board Plastic polyurethane iso 70 lation board Plastic polyurethane iso 70 lation board Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 dull structured Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 dull structured Platinum 0 55 D z 0 29 D z 0 94 W 0 93 1094 Platinum Platinum O 00 i gt Platinum Platinum N O O Platinum Ol amp 00 0 10 0 05 0 10 Platinum Platinum 200 600 Platinum 900 1100 Platinum 1400 Platinum 500 1000 Platinum 50 200 Rubber soft gray rough 20 Sand Sand Sandstone polished Silver polished 100 Silver pure polished 200 600 Slag 0 100 Slag 1400 1800 Slag 200 500 Slag 600 1200 Snow See Water Soil dry 0 12 0 17 0 18 0 10 0 16 0 06 0 07 0 92 0 70 0 75 0 95 0 95 20 LLW 0 909 LLW 0 935 0 03 0 02 0 03 0 98 0 97 0 93 0 69 0 67 0 89 0 78 0 76 0 70 O C NO eo A co I co 0 92 N T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 7 cO 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Ma
17. 6 Reference continued 500 650 20 0 52 0 59 0 27 Nickel oxide Oil lubricating 0 025 mm film Oil lubricating 0 050 mm film 20 0 46 Oil lubricating 0 125 mm film 20 0 72 film on Ni base 20 0 05 Ni base only Oil lubricating N Oil lubricating thick coating 0 0 82 8 different colors 70 SW 0 88 0 96 and qualities Paint 8 different colors 70 LW 0 92 0 94 and qualities Paint Paint Aluminum vari 50 100 0 27 0 67 ous ages Paint cadmium yellow 0 28 0 33 Paint chrome green 0 65 0 70 0 7 0 8 0 87 0 94 Paint cobalt blue Paint SW cO CO N N Paint oil based aver 100 age of 16 colors 2 20 O Paint SW SW SW 2 SW O m sw jemen se raver ateos m jw jemen jo me que j j o PP quem fr s D me qme m 9 jom CN Paper black dull 70 w fos jo 0 84 1 oil black flat Paint oil black gloss N O Paint oil gray flat Paint O oil gray gloss Paint oil various colors Paint Paper blue dark coated with black 0 93 lacquer Paper Paper green 0 85 0 76 D a Paper N O Paper white 0 7 0 9 Paper white bond 20 0 93 white 3 different 70 0 76 0 78 glosses Paper W white 3 different 70 LW 0 88 0 90 glosses Paper Paper yellow 0 72 N Plaster SW 0 86 N 00 T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW
18. Battery charger incl power supply e 1198532 Car charger 1198534 Power supply USB micro e 1198529 Pouch FLIR Ex and ix series e 1198533 USB cable Std A lt gt Micro B 1198583 FLIR Tools license only 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 31 Technical data 9 6 FLIR E6 P N 63902 0202 Rev 22369 General description The FLIR Ex series cameras are point and shoot infrared cameras that give you access to the infrared world A FLIR Ex series camera is an affordable replacement for an infrared thermometer providing a thermal image with temperature information in every pixel The new MSX and visual formats make the cameras incomparably easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are user friendly compact and rugged for use in harsh environments The wide field of view makes them the perfect choice for building applications Benefits Easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are fully automatic and focus free with an intuitive inter face for simple measurements in thermal visual or MSX mode Compact and rugged The FLIR Ex series cameras low weight of 0 575 kg and the accessory belt pouch make them easy to bring along at all times Their rugged design can withstand a 2 m drop test and ensures reliability even in harsh environments Ground breaking affordability The FLIR Ex series cameras are the most affordable infrared cameras on the market Imaging and optical data Thermal sensitivity NETD 0 06 C 0
19. Figure 17 4 Samuel P Langley 1834 1906 The improvement of infrared detector sensitivity progressed slowly Another major break through made by Langley in 1880 was the invention of the bolometer This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer re sponded This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a distance of 400 meters An English scientist Sir James Dewar first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cool ing agents such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of 196 C 320 8 F in low tem perature research In 1892 he invented a unique vacuum insulating container in which it is possible to store liquefied gases for entire days The common thermos bottle used for storing hot and cold drinks is based upon his invention Between the years 1900 and 1920 the inventors of the world discovered the infrared Many patents were issued for devices to detect personnel artillery aircraft ships and even icebergs The first operating systems in the modern sense began to be developed during the 1914 18 war when both sides had research programs devoted to the military exploitation of the infrared These programs included experimental systems for enemy intrusion detection remote temperature sensing secure communications and flying tor pedo gui
20. The FLIR Ex series cameras are user friendly compact and rugged for use in harsh environments The wide field of view makes them the perfect choice for building applications Easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are fully automatic and focus free with an intuitive inter face for simple measurements in thermal visual or MSX mode Compact and rugged The FLIR Ex series cameras low weight of 0 575 kg and the accessory belt pouch make them easy to bring along at all times Their rugged design can withstand a 2 m drop test and ensures reliability even in harsh environments Ground breaking affordability The FLIR Ex series cameras are the most affordable infrared cameras on the market DAS 027 F 7 lt 150 mK Detector data Detector type Focal plane array FPA uncooled microbolometer Spectral range 7 5 13 um Image presentation Display 3 0 in 320 x 240 color LCD Image adjustment Automatic adjust lock image Image presentation modes Image modes Thermal MSX Thermal Thermal blending Digital camera Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX IR image with enhanced detail presentation Object temperature range 20 C to 250 C 4 F to 482 F Accuracy 2 C 3 6 F or 2 of reading for ambient tem perature 10 C to 35 C 50 F to 95 F and object temperature above 0 C 32 F Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 26
21. at all times Their rugged design can withstand a 2 m drop test and ensures reliability even in harsh environments Ground breaking affordability The FLIR Ex series cameras are the most affordable infrared cameras on the market DOC 027 F 7 lt 100 mK Detector data Detector type Focal plane array FPA uncooled microbolometer Spectral range 7 5 13 um Display 3 0 in 320 x 240 color LCD Image adjustment Automatic adjust lock image Image presentation modes Image modes Thermal MSX Thermal Thermal blending Digital camera Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX IR image with enhanced detail presentation Object temperature range 20 C to 250 C 4 F to 482 F Accuracy 2 C 3 6 F or 2 of reading for ambient tem perature 10 C to 35 C 50 F to 95 F and object temperature above 0 C 32 F Measurement analysis Spotmeter Center spot Emissivity correction Variable from 0 1 to 1 0 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 29 Technical data Measurement analysis Emissivity table Emissivity table of predefined materials Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature Color palettes Black and white iron and rainbow Set up commands Local adaptation of units language date and time formats Storage of images File formats Standard JPEG 14 bit measurement data included Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB Micro Data transfer to
22. center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select Settings El This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Emissivity This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Custom value This displays a dialog box where you can set a custom value MASA sa 8 18 Changing the reflected apparent temperature 8 18 1 General This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected by the object If the emissivity is low and the object temperature significantly different from that of the re flected temperature it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly For more information about reflected apparent temperature see section 16 Thermo graphic measurement techniques page 52 8 18 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select Settings El This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Reflected apparent temperature This displays a dialog box where you can set a value PN E 8 19 Changing the distance between the object and the camera 8 19 1 General To measure temperatures accurately the camera requires the distance between the camera and the object 8 19 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Pu
23. oO lt 80 100 70 70 0 00 O ol c 4 E E E O Eh 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 71 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued p z Aluminum anodized light 70 gray dull Aluminum as received plate 100 Aluminum as received 100 sheet cO N Aluminum cast blast 7 0 47 cleaned Aluminum cast blast 7 W 0 46 cleaned Aluminum dipped in HNO3 1 0 05 plate 2 10 um 0 04 Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum 50 100 Aluminum 100 Aluminum 100 Aluminum 20 Aluminum 2 Aluminum 2 2 3 um 50 500 0 2 0 3 N O 0 04 0 06 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 07 0 18 0 0 00 7 7 0 50 7 10 um 7 3um 0 28 Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 SW 0 05 0 08 differently scratched Aluminum sheet 4 samples LW 0 03 0 06 differently scratched Aluminum vacuum 20 0 04 deposited Aluminum weathered 17 SW 0 83 0 94 heavily Aluminum powder 0 28 hydroxide Aluminum oxide activated powder 0 46 Aluminum oxide pure powder 0 16 alumina 0 78 0 94 0 93 0 95 SW Asbestos 40 400 Asbestos Asbestos 2 Asphalt paving wwcww lt Os w 4 Brass 20 350 Brass 100 Brass 70 Brass 70 Brass 200 600 0 40 0 60 Asbestos floor tile 35 0 LLW 0 967 T T SW LW T 0 22 0 61 0 04 0 09 0 03 0 07 0 59 0 61 N T559828 r AD 23
24. phosphor bronze 70 eo Bronze polished Bronze porous rough 50 150 0 55 Bronze powder 0 76 0 80 2 eo Carbon candle soot 0 95 Carbon charcoal powder Carbon graphite powder 0 97 Carbon graphite filed 20 0 98 surface 20 400 Carbon 0 95 0 97 oO a lampblack O1 al cO 00 NO 00 ges gt U NO O 00 K C NO A al A D 2 E nm O 3 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 2 O Chipboard untreated eo Chromium polished 0 10 Chromium polished 500 1000 0 28 0 38 Clay fired 0 91 Cloth Concrete black 0 98 0 92 dr 0 95 un Concrete W lt un Concrete rough W 0 97 Concrete walkway LLW 0 974 N O commercial 0 07 burnished Copper Copper electrolytic care T 0 018 fully polished electrolytic 0 006 polished Copper 1100 1300 Copper molten 0 13 0 15 Copper oxidized 0 6 0 7 oxidized to 0 88 blackness Copper Copper oxidized black 27 0 78 Copper oxidized heavily 20 0 78 Copper polished 50 100 0 02 Copper polished 100 0 03 polished 0 03 commercial Copper Copper polished 0 015 mechanical Copper pure carefully 22 0 008 prepared surface N Copper scraped 0 07 Copper dioxide powder 0 84
25. section 16 Thermographic measurement techniques page 52 8 16 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select Settings El This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Emissivity This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Custom material This displays a list of materials with known emissivities In the list select the material Do I c O 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 21 Operation 8 17 Changing the emissivity as a custom value 8 17 1 General For very precise measurements you may need to set the emissivity instead of selecting a surface property or a custom material You also need to understand how emissivity and reflectivity affect measurements rather than just simply selecting a surface property Emissivity is a property that indicates how much radiation originates from an object as opposed to being reflected by it A lower value indicates that a larger proportion is being reflected while a high value indicates that a lower proportion is being reflected Polished stainless steel for example has an emissivity of 0 14 while a structured PVC floor typically has an emissivity of 0 93 For more information about emissivity see section 16 Thermographic measurement techniques page 52 8 17 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the
26. wavelengths 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 57 17 History of infrared technology When Herschel revealed his discovery he referred to this new portion of the electromag netic spectrum as the thermometrical spectrum The radiation itself he sometimes re ferred to as dark heat or simply the invisible rays Ironically and contrary to popular Opinion it wasn t Herschel who originated the term infrared The word only began to ap pear in print around 75 years later and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator Herschel s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early contro versies with his contemporaries about the actual existence of the infrared wavelengths Different investigators in attempting to confirm his work used various types of glass in discriminately having different transparencies in the infrared Through his later experi ments Herschel was aware of the limited transparency of glass to the newly discovered thermal radiation and he was forced to conclude that optics for the infrared would prob ably be doomed to the use of reflective elements exclusively i e plane and curved mir rors Fortunately this proved to be true only until 1830 when the Italian investigator Melloni made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt NaCl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark
27. 1 STO POCO due ioc ae ae LI I CLE E ie Ia Mun ote UIT 21 Changing the emissivity as a custom value 22 Sl Ona a edel eden 22 8 1052 e SA heidenen 22 Changing the reflected apparent temperature 22 Sel General oto e rege 22 87182 PIOCOOUIQ realen 22 Changing the distance between the object and the camera 22 8 194 Generals ice iria es 22 9 19 2 Procedure esparto eisen 22 Performing a non uniformity correction NUC 23 8 20 1 What is a non uniformity correction 23 8 20 2 When to perform a non uniformity correction 23 820 3 PROCCOUIC u ee 23 Changing Me SeHInNGS escindida ea et 23 PA PES IA Y go fc OA O erm ee eee 23 9 21 2 POCO US nen een ee 24 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US vi Table of contents 8 22 Updating the camera Gai el 24 B 22 1 Generale CREE 24 3222 LOCOS ll Page 24 9 Technicaldala uu u u k u u ie 25 9 1 Online field of view calculator 25 9 2 Note about technical data e cere aa 25 9 3 Note about authoritative versions 29 9 4 ERE IE mous 26 9 5 FUIR ESS ee es ed 29 9 6 FUR EO TN 32 9 7 FOR ES cui er ea een tee ae et 35 10 Mechanical drawings un 38 11 CE Declaration of conformily un 40 12 Cleaning the camerta
28. 10 L 2 6 US gallon jar with liquid nitrogen To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment 6 kg 13 Ib can be seen RIGHT FLIR One which was launched in January 2014 is a slide on attachment that gives iPhones thermal imaging capabilities Weight 90 g 3 2 oz FLIR Systems manufactures all vital mechanical and electronic components of the cam era systems itself From detector design and manufacturing to lenses and system elec tronics to final testing and calibration all production steps are carried out and supervised by our own engineers The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists en sures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your in frared camera 14 1 More than just an infrared camera At FLIR Systems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infra red camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera sys tems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera software combination Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance R amp D and process monitoring is developed in house Most software is available in a wide varie ty of languages We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equipment to the most demanding infrared applications 14 2 Sharing our knowledge Although our cameras are designed to be very user friendly there is a lot
29. 11 F 60 mK Minimum focus distance Spatial resolution IFOV Detector data Detector type Focal plane array FPA uncooled microbolometer Spectral range 7 5 13 um Image presentation Display 3 0 in 320 x 240 color LCD Image adjustment Automatic Manual Image presentation modes Image modes Thermal MSX Thermal Picture in Picture Ther mal blending Digital camera Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX IR image with enhanced detail presentation Picture in Picture IR area on visual image Measurement Object temperature range 20 C to 250 C 4 F to 482 F Accuracy 2 C 3 6 F or 2 of reading for ambient tem perature 10 C to 35 C 50 F to 95 F and object temperature above 0 C 32 F Measurement analysis Spotmeter Center spot Area Box with max min Emissivity correction Variable from 0 1 to 1 0 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 32 Technical data Measurement analysis Emissivity table Emissivity table of predefined materials Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature Color palettes Black and white iron and rainbow Set up commands Local adaptation of units language date and time formats Storage of images File formats Standard JPEG 14 bit measurement data included Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB Micro Data transfer to and from PC and Mac device Power system Battery type Rechargeable Li ion batt
30. 4541 en US 52 16 Thermographic measurement techniques 16 2 1 1 1 Method 1 Direct method Follow this procedure 1 Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 16 1 1 Reflection source 2 Ifthe reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard a 7 Nb Figure 16 2 1 Reflection source 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 53 16 Thermographic measurement techniques 3 Measure the radiation intensity apparent temperature from the reflecting source using the following settings e Emissivity 1 0 Dobj O You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods N Figure 16 3 1 Reflection source Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recommended for two impor tant reasons e Athermocouple does not measure radiation intensity e Athermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a thermal isolator 16 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method Follow this procedure 1 Crumble up a large piece of aluminum foil 2 Uncrumble the aluminum foil and attach it to a piece of cardboard of the same size 3 Put the piece of cardboard in front of the object you want to measure Make sure that the side with aluminum foil points to the camera Set the emissivity to 1 0 5 Me
31. 468 8803093 D540838 D549758 D579475 D584755 D599 392 D615 113 D664 580 D664 581 D665 004 D665 440 D677298 D710 424 S D718801 DI6702302 9 DI6903617 9 DI7002221 6 DI7002891 5 DI7002892 3 DI7005799 0 DM 057692 DM 061609 EP 2115696 B1 EP2315433 SE 0700240 5 US 8340414 B2 ZL 201330267619 5 ZL01823221 3 ZL01823226 4 ZL02331553 9 ZL02331554 7 ZL200480034894 0 ZL200530120994 2 ZL200610088759 5 ZL200630130114 4 ZL200730151141 4 ZL200730339504 7 ZL200820105768 8 ZL200830128581 2 ZL200880105236 4 ZL200880105769 2 ZL200930190061 9 ZL201030176127 1 ZL201030176130 3 ZL201030176157 2 ZL201030595931 3 ZL201130442354 9 ZL201230471744 3 ZL201230620731 8 1 8 EULA Terms You have acquired a device INFRARED CAMERA that includes soft ware licensed by FLIR Systems AB from Microsoft Licensing GP or its affiliates MS Those installed software products of MS origin as well as associated media printed materials and online or electronic docu mentation SOFTWARE are protected by international intellectual property laws and treaties The SOFTWARE is licensed not sold All rights reserved IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT EULA DO NOT USE THE DEVICE OR COPY THE SOFTWARE IN STEAD PROMPTLY CONTACT FLIR Systems AB FOR INSTRUC TIONS ON RETURN OF THE UNUSED DEVICE S FOR A REFUND ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO USE ON THE DEVICE WILL
32. 530 Battery e 1198531 Battery charger incl power supply e 1198532 Car charger e 1198534 Power supply USB micro e 1198529 Pouch FLIR Ex and ix series e 1198533 USB cable Std A lt gt Micro B 1198583 FLIR Tools license only T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 37 10 Camera with built in IR lens f 6 5 mm 45 m O Q ul L O tY N lt mm 5 c cH Y S 7 c N lt sk N Ne gg E DY N E if E mx zQ ESL a 7p Cc 2 Ll amp O 5 jo e 2 Ez m O 6 BN 5 I uiz Z i o NA lt OO D gt s N E TE 8 r 3 LIBBBHBBPBIE KE Ea J sm 251752 E 55 i N B uuc epz Zi ul6g6 cO C N TE 7 NA 23 Nur l LO AAA INS i Y Y a Y H MAA L i i dE b e Y 342 on wwe uies o Q x Su 83 s 8 S x eo WWZ GS WWE gg uiz utLg Z N m O a LW LL O I poyiqiyoud s mej SN 0 Ale luoo uolsienig suons nb Aue uim uuo2 uilJ suons nbluodx o 19431 esee q suonenbay uodx3 sn o p lqns eq Aew 19npoid Aidde Kew senpoooJd su 9 7 suoneJepisuoo JoyJew euo Bad o joalqns eq Aew sjonpold sanjen jeuiuou uo paseq s ejep jeuorsueuiiq aojou Jeuunj noyym eBueuo o joefqns suoneorioeds ou suiejs S H74 WO uoissiuued uepuw Jnoym aSIMJayjo Jo Buiplo9a HulAdooojoud jeqlueyoow oruo
33. 559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 61 18 Theory of thermography Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength A Planck s constant 6 6 x 10 34 Joule sec Boltzmann s constant 1 4 x 10 23 Joule K Absolute temperature K of a blackbody Wavelength um The factor 10 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt m um Planck s formula when plotted graphically for various temperatures produces a family of curves Following any particular Planck curve the spectral emittance is zero at A 0 then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength Amax and after passing it ap proaches zero again at very long wavelengths The higher the temperature the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs 900 K Figure 18 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm x 103 um 2 Wavelength um 18 3 2 Wien s displacement law By differentiating Planck s formula with respect to A and finding the maximum we have 2898 Anax m T um This is Wien s formula after Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 which expresses mathemati cally the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the tem perature of a thermal radiator increases The wavelength of the color is the same as the wavelength calculated for Amax A good approximation of the value of Amax for a given blackbody tempe
34. 6 Thermographic measurement techniques 52 10 1 INTOJUCION ul sauer 52 632 VENISSIVIING nee ee 52 16 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 52 16 3 Reflected apparent temperature 55 164 DISTANCE pau mv nr A 55 165 Relative humidil V uum uuu Susu au u vertat d S SSS uY asa ds 55 16 6 Other parameters umn sun us a tue e iu au ae ree ee 55 T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US vii Table of contents 17 18 19 20 History of infrared technology 57 Theory ot thermography uuu uu u ne 60 18 1 MOGUCOM ou zu yu cite hag ots een od 60 18 2 The electromagnetic spectrum 60 18 3 Blackbody fadiall Di ss uu ua ena Pa atari dan ara 60 18 3 1 Planck SAW u nenten nenten eae cc 61 18 3 2 Wien s displacement law 62 18 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law 63 18 3 4 Non blackbody emitters 64 18 4 Infrared semi transparent materials 66 The measurement formula 67 EMISSIVITY LADICS c uu ul c es 71 20 1 A en 71 202 ADIOS E EE ED EN ULL
35. 71 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US viii Disclaimers 1 1 Legal disclaimer All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction Uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of two 2 years from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such prod ucts have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction and provided that the camera has been regis tered within 60 days of original purchase Detectors for uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of ten 10 years from the delivery date of the original purchase pro vided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase Products which are not manufactured by FLIR Systems but included in sys tems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser carry the warranty if any of the particular supplier only FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such p
36. 843 24541 en US 7 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued av Brass polished 200 0 03 Brass polished highly 100 0 03 rubbed with 80 grit emery Brass 20 0 20 20 20 Brass sheet rolled sheet worked with emery Brass Brick Brick Brick SW SW 0 68 0 86 0 81 0 85 alumina common Dinas silica 1100 glazed rough Brick Dinas silica 1000 refractory Brick Dinas silica un 1000 0 80 glazed rough Brick Brick SW 0 68 0 75 firebrick fireclay 1000 Brick fireclay 1200 0 59 Brick N O fireclay 0 85 3 Ol Brick Brick un masonry W 0 94 N O masonry 0 94 plastered Brick Brick NO eo C1 N h 0 93 0 88 0 93 red common red rough Brick refractory 1000 0 46 corundum Brick refractory 1000 1300 0 38 magnesite Brick refractory 500 1000 T 0 8 0 9 strongly radiating Brick refractory weakly 500 1000 0 65 0 75 radiating NII A NI 1 UI lt i k no N i O1 C1 NI NI N C2 Brick silica 95 SiO 1230 Brick sillimanite 33 1500 SiO2 6496 Al203 0 29 Brick SW 0 87 SW W waterproof Bronze phosphor bronze 70 0 08 Bronze
37. CONSTITUTE YOUR AGREEMENT TO THIS EULA OR RATIFICATION OF ANY PREVIOUS CONSENT GRANT OF SOFTWARE LICENSE This EULA grants you the following license Youmay use the SOFTWARE only on the DEVICE NOT FAULT TOLERANT THE SOFTWARE IS NOT FAULT TOL ERANT FLIR Systems AB HAS INDEPENDENTLY DETERMINED HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVICE AND MS HAS RELIED UPON FLIR Systems AB TO CONDUCT SUFFICIENT TESTING TO DETERMINE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR SUCH USE NO WARRANTIES FOR THE SOFTWARE THE SOFTWARE is provided AS IS and with all faults THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO SATISFACTORY QUALITY PERFORMANCE ACCURACY AND EFFORT INCLUDING LACK OF NEGLIGENCE IS WITH YOU ALSO THERE IS NO WARRANTY AGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH YOUR ENJOYMENT OF THE SOFTWARE OR AGAINST INFRINGEMENT IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING THE DEVICE OR THE SOFTWARE THOSE WAR RANTIES DO NOT ORIGINATE FROM AND ARE NOT BINDING ON MS No Liability for Certain Damages EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY LAW MS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PER FORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE THIS LIMITATION SHALL APPLY EVEN IF ANY REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PUR POSE IN NO EVENT SHALL MS BE LIABLE FOR ANY AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF U S TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOL LARS U S 250 00 Limitations on Reverse Engineering Decompilation and Dis assembly You may not reverse engine
38. Cedip Since 2007 FLIR Systems has acquired several companies with world leading expertise in sensor technologies Extech Instruments 2007 Ifara Tecnologias 2008 Salvador Imaging 2009 OmniTech Partners 2009 Directed Perception 2009 Raymarine 2010 ICx Technologies 2010 Figure 14 1 Patent documents from the early 1960s The company has sold more than 350 000 infrared cameras worldwide for applications TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 2011 Aerius Photonics 2011 Lorex Technology 2012 Traficon 20 12 MARSS 2013 DigitalOptics micro optics business 2013 PATENT SPECIFICATION DRAWINGS ATTACHED Inventors PER JOHAN LINDBERG and HANS GUNNER MALMBERG No 45167 63 Index at acceptance H4 FGH Int CL H 04 n 3 06 10 15 25 30 35 1057 624 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov I 5 1963 Complete Specification Published Feb 1 1967 Crown Copyright 1967 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Scanning Mechanism We AGA AKTIEBOLAG formerly Svenska Akticbolaget Gasaccumulator of Liding Sweden a Swedish Company do hereby de clare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed to be par ticularly described in and by the following Statement This invention relates to scanning mechan isms and in particular to such mechanisms whereby electro magnetic radiation is pick
39. Lime I 0 3 0 4 Magnesium 0 07 Magnesium 0 13 Magnesium 538 0 18 Magnesium polished 0 07 Magnesium x 0 86 powder Molybdenum 0 19 0 26 Molybdenum T 0 08 0 13 Molybdenum filament 0 1 0 3 Mortar SW 0 87 Mortar dry SW 0 94 Nextel Velvet Flat black LW gt 0 97 10 and 811 21 Black Nichrome rolled 700 0 25 Nichrome sandblasted 700 0 70 0 65 0 71 0 79 0 95 0 98 0 041 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 50 500 122 Nichrome wire clean Nichrome Nickel wire oxidized bright matte Nickel commercially 100 0 045 pure polished Nickel commercially 200 400 0 07 0 09 pure polished Nickel electrolytic 0 04 n2 c N O Nickel N O O electrolytic 0 07 Nickel electrolytic Nickel Ol de 00 electrolytic 0 10 Nickel electroplated on 22 0 045 iron polished Nickel electroplated on 20 0 11 0 40 iron unpolished N N Nickel electroplated on 22 0 11 iron unpolished Nickel electroplated 2 polished Nickel Nickel Nickel Nickel Nickel 1227 0 85 0 37 0 37 0 37 0 48 0 045 oxidized N e eo oxidized N D N Q oxidized oxidized at 600 C 200 600 polished 122 Nickel Nickel oxide 200 1000 1000 1250 0 1 0 2 0 75 0 86 wire 2 al 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity
40. Soak the cotton wool in the liquid 2 Twist the cotton wool to remove excess liquid 3 Clean the lens one time only and discard the cotton wool Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels on con tainers before you use a liquid the liquids can be dangerous Be careful when you clean the infrared lens The lens has a delicate anti reflective coating e Do not clean the infrared lens too vigorously This can damage the anti reflective coating 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 41 13 Application examples 13 1 Moisture water damage 13 1 1 General It is often possible to detect moisture and water damage in a house by using an infrared camera This is partly because the damaged area has a different heat conduction prop erty and partly because it has a different thermal capacity to store heat than the sur rounding material Many factors can come into play as to how moisture or water damage will appear in an infrared image For example heating and cooling of these parts takes place at different rates depending on the material and the time of day For this reason it is important that other methods are used as well to check for moisture or water damage 13 1 2 Figure The image below shows extensive water damage on an external wall where the water has penetrated the outer facing because of an incorrectly installed window ledge 13 2 Faulty contact in socket 13
41. a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spectrum He first blackened the bulb of a sensi tive mercury in glass thermometer with ink and with this as his radiation detector he pro ceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of the spectrum formed on the top of a table by passing sunlight through a glass prism Other thermometers placed outside the sun s rays served as controls As the blackened thermometer was moved slowly along the colors of the spectrum the temperature readings showed a steady increase from the violet end to the red end This was not entirely unexpected since the Italian researcher Landriani in a similar experi ment in 1777 had observed much the same effect It was Herschel however who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maxi mum and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to lo cate this point Figure 17 2 Marsilio Landriani 1746 1815 Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum Her schel confirmed that the heating continued to increase The maximum point when he found it lay well beyond the red end in what is known today as the infrared
42. adiation power terms 1 Emission from the object etWop where e is the emittance of the object and T is the transmittance of the atmosphere The object temperature is Topj 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 67 19 The measurement formula 2 Reflected emission from ambient sources 1 e TWrer where 1 e is the reflec tance of the object The ambient sources have the temperature Tref It has here been assumed that the temperature Tret is the same for all emitting surfa ces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation It is however a necessary simplifica tion in order to derive a workable formula and Tref can at least theoretically be giv en a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings 1 This is correct in accordance with Kirchhoff s law All radiation impinging on the surrounding surfaces will eventually be absorbed by the same surfaces Thus the emittance 1 Note though that the latest discussion requires the complete sphere around the ob ject to be considered 3 Emission from the atmosphere 1 T tWatm where 1 T is the emittance of the at mosphere The temperature of the atmosphere is Tatm The total received radiation power can now be written Equation 2 Wi 2 ETW s T 1 o E TW ef 2 1 Ini T W at
43. and from PC and Mac device Power system Battery type Rechargeable Li ion battery Battery operating time Approx 4 hours at 25 C 77 F ambient tem perature and typical use Charging system Battery is charged inside the camera or in specific charger Charging time 2 5 hours to 90 capacity in camera 2 hours in charger Power management Automatic shut down AC operation AC adapter 90 260 VAC input 5 VDC output to camera Environmental data Operating temperature range 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F Storage temperature range 40 C to 70 C 40 F to 158 F Humidity operating and storage IEC 60068 2 30 24 h 95 relative humidity EMO WEEE 2012 19 EC RoHs 2011 65 EC C Tick EN 61000 6 3 EN 61000 6 2 FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Class B Physical data Camera weight incl battery 0 575 kg 1 27 Ib Camera size L x W x H 244 x 95 x 140 mm 9 6 x 3 7 x 5 5 in Color Black and gray Certifications Certification UL CSA CE PSE and CCC 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 30 Technical data Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera Hard transport case Battery inside camera USB cable Power supply charger with EU UK US and Australian plugs User documentation CD ROM Printed documentation e FLIR Tools download card Supplies amp accessories e 1911093 Tool belt e 1198528 Hard transport case FLIR Ex series e 1198530 Battery e 1198531
44. ar On the toolbar select Color La This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select the type of alarm Below alarm m e Above alarm bil Push the center of the navigation pad The threshold temperature is displayed at the bottom of the screen To change the threshold temperature push the navigation pad up down 8 13 Changing image mode 8 13 1 General The camera can operate in five different image modes Thermal MSX Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging The camera displays an infrared im age where the edges of the objects are enhanced 24 7 C m Q if uL Thermal MSX 24 4 CH Od Thermal Picture in picture The camera displays a digital camera image with a superimposed infrared image frame Thermal blending The camera displays a blended image that uses a mix of infrared pixels and digital photo pixels The mixing level can be adjusted T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 18 Operation 25 2 C D y t Thermal blending Digital camera La To display a good fusion image Thermal MSX Picture in picture and Thermal blending modes the camera must make adjustments to compensate for the small difference in position between the digital camera lens and the infrared lens To adjust the image accu rately the camera requires the alignment distance i e the distance to the object 8 13 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar
45. asure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down P S 1177 Figure 16 4 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 54 16 Thermographic measurement techniques 16 2 1 2 Step 2 Determining the emissivity Follow this procedure 1 Select a place to put the sample 2 Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure Put a piece of electrical tape with known high emissivity on the sample Heat the sample at least 20 K above room temperature Heating must be reasonably even Focus and auto adjust the camera and freeze the image Adjust Level and Span for best image brightness and contrast Set emissivity to that of the tape usually 0 97 Measure the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions gt eu en Isotherm helps you to determine both the temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample e Spot simpler e Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity 9 Write down the temperature 10 Move your measurement function to the sample surface 11 Change the emissivity setting until you read the same temperature as your previous measurement 12 Write down the emissivity Avoid forced convection Look for a thermally stable surrounding that will not generate spot reflections Use high quality tape that you know is not transparent and has a high emissiv
46. ata Detector type Focal plane array FPA uncooled microbolometer Spectral range 7 5 13 um Image presentation Display 3 0 in 320 x 240 color LCD Image adjustment Automatic Manual Image presentation modes Image modes Thermal MSX Thermal Picture in Picture Ther mal blending Digital camera Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX IR image with enhanced detail presentation Picture in Picture IR area on visual image Measurement Object temperature range 20 C to 250 C 4 F to 482 F Accuracy 2 C 3 6 F or 2 of reading for ambient tem perature 10 C to 35 C 50 F to 95 F and object temperature above 0 C 32 F Measurement analysis Spotmeter Center spot Area Box with max min Emissivity correction Variable from 0 1 to 1 0 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 35 Technical data Measurement analysis Emissivity table Emissivity table of predefined materials Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic based on input of reflected temperature Color palettes Black and white iron and rainbow Set up commands Local adaptation of units language date and time formats Storage of images File formats Standard JPEG 14 bit measurement data included Data communication interfaces Interfaces USB Micro Data transfer to and from PC and Mac device Power system Battery type Rechargeable Li ion battery Battery operating time Approx 4 hours at 25 C 77 F ambient tem
47. bar select Temperature scale El This displays a toolbar 3 Onthe toolbar select one of the following e Auto E Lock El e Manual H 4 To change the temperature span and the temperature level in Manual mode do the following e Push the navigation pad left right to select highlight the maximum and or mini mum temperature e Push the navigation pad up down to change the value of the highlighted temperature 8 15 Setting the emissivity as a surface property 8 15 1 General To measure temperatures accurately the camera must know what kind of surface you are measuring You can choose between the following surface properties Matt Semi matt Semi glossy For more information about emissivity see section 16 Thermographic measurement techniques page 52 8 15 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select Settings El This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Emissivity This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select one of the following e Matt Semi matt Semi glossy ey cm 8 16 Setting the emissivity as a custom material 8 16 1 General Instead of specifying a surface property as matt semi matt or semi glossy you can spec ify a custom material from a list of materials For more information about emissivity see
48. bitration shall be Stockholm The language to be used in the arbitral proceed ings shall be English 1 2 Usage statistics FLIR Systems reserves the right to gather anonymous usage statistics to help maintain and improve the quality of our software and services 1 3 Changes to registry The registry entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Control Lsa LmCompatibilityLevel will be automatically changed to level 2 if the FLIR Camera Monitor service detects a FLIR camera connected to the computer with a USB cable The modification will only be executed if the camera device implements a remote network service that supports network logons 1 4 U S Government Regulations This product may be subject to U S Export Regulations Please send any in quiries to exportquestions flir com 1 5 Copyright 2015 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No parts of the software including source code may be reproduced transmitted transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems The documentation must not in whole or part be copied photocopied re produced translated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from FLIR Systems Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or tradema
49. bmitting a question To submit a question to the customer help team you must be a registered user lt only takes a few minutes to register online If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US Customer help e The camera model e The camera serial number e The communication protocol or method between the camera and your device for ex ample HDMI Ethernet USB or FireWire e Device type PC Mac iPhone iPad Android device etc e Version of any programs from FLIR Systems e Fullname publication number and revision number of the manual 4 3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following e Firmware updates for your infrared camera e Program updates for your PC Mac software e Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software e User documentation for current obsolete and historical products e Mechanical drawings in dxf and pdf format e Cad data models in stp format e Application stories e Technical datasheets e Product catalogs 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 8 Quick Start Guide 5 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Charge the battery You can do this in three different ways e Charge the battery using the FLIR stand alone battery charger e Charge
50. ction with the accompanying drawings Said drawings show the principle of the invention FIG 1 is a side view of a scanning prism showing the deflected rays in said prism and the necessary image sur face for proper focussing at the fixed scanning aperture FIG 2 is a diagram which shows the scanning deflec tion as a function of the rotating angle of the prism for various indices of refraction of said prism FIG 3 is a view showing said paraxial image surface for rays in two mutually perpendicular planes for different indices of refraction of said prism FIG 4 is a side view showing the essential components of a complete scanning mechanism and FIG 5 is a perspective view of a particular form of a scanning prism Briefly stated our invention is in the following specifica tion characterized as an arrangement for scanning a field of view where the incoming radiation is focused on a radiation energy responsive element The main difficulty of scanning a field of view in a short time is of mechanical nature Our invention uses a rotating refractive prism for scanning in one direction Scanning in a direction essentially perpendicular to said direction is slower than in the first mentioned direction and is accomplished by other means as by a nodding mir ror in the collecting optics Said slower scanning can also be accomplished by tilting the rotating axis of said prism The resulting scanning pattern is like the pattern of common tele
51. curie a rna ora Ens o Rr ER ee aeui RAUM EUAE 41 12 1 Camera housing cables and other items 41 12 PN ee usu ns ae ee aa it ot aet Ste 41 12 12 EQUIPMENT a ee na 41 121 9 POC A veh stade re UC eeu deis 41 122 raroa leno E UEM 41 1221 QUISO iS 41 12 2 2 EQUUIDMENL ars airis 41 12 2 3 e A ee ee Bee 41 13 Application examples 42 13 1 Moisture amp water damage 42 Tasb T General stas iR 42 13 51 27 An maen ders enten annae eed 42 13 2 Faulty contact Socket messe snee cl eternet 42 1327 General Heels 42 13 22 Me OU Cisse E 42 13 30 OXIGIZEOSOCKC en he een ae 43 18 3 1 Genera a eee teas 43 19 52 EQUIS AEPBRRRPLERCEREEEREROEEETSTERRELTEFTERTFERRFERRSETTETEEREREFPEERFERGRE 43 13 4 Insulation defleleng eS r uuu uyu m uuu ai dex 44 O T 44 A e A 44 19 5 Dita dd do ed ee dels sea of 45 133 1 Generali nein 45 199 2 FOUE recortada iodo 45 14 About FLIR Systems e ea 46 14 1 More than just an infrared camera 47 14 2 Sharing our knowledge sees 47 14 3 Supporting our customers 47 144 A few images from our facilities 48 15 GI65SS3r yx u um wat mans eas a aa a a eae 49 1
52. d the digital photo from the visual camera is saved at its full field of view as a separate JPEG image 8 21 1 3 Device settings e Language time amp units e Language Temperature unit e Distance unit Date amp time e Date amp time format e Reset options e Reset default camera mode e Reset device settings to factory default Delete all saved images e Auto power off e Display intensity 1 Definition from the impending international adoption of DIN 54190 3 Non destructive testing Thermographic testing Part 3 Terms and definitions 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 23 Operation e Demonstration mode This menu command provides a camera mode that displays various images without any user interventions The camera mode is intended for dem onstration purposes or when displaying the camera in a store Off e Electrical applications e Building applications e Camera information This menu command displays various items of information about the camera such as the model serial number and software version 8 21 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 On the toolbar select Settings El This displays a dialog box 3 Inthe dialog box select the setting that you want to change and use the navigation pad to display additional dialog boxes 8 22 Updating the camera 8 22 1 General To take advantage of our latest ca
53. dance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolome ter idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors the image converter and the photon detector At first the image converter received the greatest attention by the military because it enabled an observer for the first time in history to literally see in the dark However the sensitivity of the im age converter was limited to the near infrared wavelengths and the most interesting mili tary targets i e enemy soldiers had to be illuminated by infrared search beams Since this involved the risk of giving away the observer s position to a similarly equipped enemy observer it is understandable that military interest in the image converter eventually faded The tactical military disadvantages of so called active i e search beam equipped ther mal imaging systems provided impetus following the 1939 45 war for extensive secret military infrared research programs into the possibilities of developing passive no search beam systems around the extremely sensitive photon detector During this peri od military secrecy regulations completely prevented disclosure of the status of infrared imaging technol
54. ded the surround ings do not contain large and intense radiation sources A natural question in this connection is How important is it to know the right values of these parameters It could though be of interest to get a feeling for this problem already here by looking into some different measurement cases and compare the relative 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 68 19 The measurement formula magnitudes of the three radiation terms This will give indications about when it is impor tant to use correct values of which parameters The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures two emittances and two spectral ranges SW and LW Remaining parameters have the following fixed values T 0 88 e Tref 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measur ing high temperatures since the disturbing radiation sources are relatively much stron ger in the first case Should also the object emittance be low the situation would be still more difficult We have finally to answer a question about the importance of being allowed to use the calibration curve above the highest calibration point what we call extrapolation Imagine that we in a certain case measure Utot 4 5 volts The highest calibration point for the camera was in the order of 4 1 volts a value unknown to t
55. e http www gnu org licenses Igpl 2 1 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US Disclaimers html The source code for the libraries Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI may be re quested from FLIR Systems AB 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US Safety information Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not disassemble or do a modification to the battery The battery contains safety and protection devi ces which if damage occurs can cause the battery to become hot or cause an explosion or an ignition Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries If there is a leak from the battery and you get the fluid in your eyes do not rub your eyes Flush well with water and immediately get medical care The battery fluid can cause injury to your eyes if you do not do this Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not continue to charge the battery if it does not become charged in the specified charging time If you continue to charge the battery it can become hot and cause an explosion or ignition Injury to per sons can occur Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Only use the correct equipment to remove the electrical power from the battery If you do not use the correct equipment you can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery If you do not use the correct equipment an incorrect flow of current to the battery can occur This can cause the battery to become hot or cause an explos
56. e and socket or from difference in load 13 3 2 Figure The image below shows a series of fuses where one fuse has a raised temperature on the contact surfaces against the fuse holder Because of the fuse holder s blank metal the temperature increase is not visible there while it is visible on the fuse s ceramic material 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 43 13 Application examples 13 4 Insulation deficiencies 13 4 1 General Insulation deficiencies may result from insulation losing volume over the course of time and thereby not entirely filling the cavity in a frame wall An infrared camera allows you to see these insulation deficiencies because they either have a different heat conduction property than sections with correctly installed insulation and or show the area where air is penetrating the frame of the building When you are inspecting a building the temperature difference between the inside and outside should be at least 10 C 18 F Studs water pipes concrete columns and similar components may resemble an insulation deficiency in an infrared image Minor differences may also occur naturally 13 4 2 Figure In the image below insulation in the roof framing is lacking Due to the absence of insula tion air has forced its way into the roof structure which thus takes on a different charac teristic appearance in the infrared image 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 44 13 Application
57. e for instructions on where to send the camera 3 3 Accuracy For very accurate results we recommend that you wait 5 minutes after you have started the camera before measuring a temperature 3 4 Disposal of electronic waste As with most electronic products this equipment must be disposed of in an environmen tally friendly way and in accordance with existing regulations for electronic waste Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details 3 5 Training To read about infrared training visit hitp www infraredtraining com http www irtraining com e hitp www irtraining eu 3 6 Documentation updates Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical notifi cations of changes on a regular basis To access the latest manuals and notifications go to the Download tab at http support flir com It only takes a few minutes to register online In the download area you will also find the latest releases of manuals for our other products as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products 3 7 Important note about this manual FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model 3 8 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to tran
58. ect compared to that of a blackbody A number between 0 and 1 Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time and area W m Objects and gases that emit radiation towards the object being measured A transmission value supplied by a user replacing a calculated one Extra lenses filters heat shields etc that can be put between the camera and the object being measured A material transparent only to some of the infrared wavelengths Field of view The horizontal angle that can be viewed through an IR lens Focal plane array A type of IR detector An object that emits a fixed fraction of the amount of energy of a blackbody for each wavelength Instantaneous field of view A measure of the geometrical resolution of an IR camera T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 49 Glossary image correc tion internal or external infrared IR isotherm isothermal cavity Laser LocatlH laser pointer level manual adjust NETD noise object parameters object signal palette pixel radiance radiant power radiation radiator range reference temperature reflection relative humidity saturation color A way of compensating for sensitivity differences in various parts of live images and also of stabilizing the camera Non visible radiation having a wavelength from about 2 13 um infrared A function highlighting those parts of an image that fall above below or betwe
59. ed up and applied thereby to radiation responsive means from which values measured by the radiation responsive means can be studied It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved scanning mechanism of the character indicated It is a further object of the present inven tion to provide improved scanning mechan ism for continuously and automatically scan ning a field of view for ascertaining the energy levels in such field It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a scanning mechanism for rapid scanning of a field A still further object of the present in vention is to provide a scanning mechanism whereby for continuous scanning the retrace time is a relatively small value ccording to the present invention there is provided a scanning mechanism for receiving electromagnetic radiation within the optical infra red or ultra violet regions of the electro magnetic spectrum which includes a refracting prism adapted to be rotated about its longi tudinal axis the end faces of the prism being polygons each of which polygon has an even number of sides of which opposite sides are parallel a collecting refractive system having an image surface within the prism the axis of which system intersects the longitudinal axis of the prism an aperture situated substanti Pri ally on the axis of the collecting refractive system through which radiation passing through the prism can pass and a radiatio
60. en one or more temperature intervals A bottle shaped radiator with a uniform temperature viewed through the bottleneck An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser radiation in a thin concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the object in front of the camera An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser radiation in a thin concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the object in front of the camera The center value of the temperature scale usually expressed as a signal value A way to adjust the image by manually changing certain parameters Noise equivalent temperature difference A measure of the image noise level of an IR camera Undesired small disturbance in the infrared image A set of values describing the circumstances under which the meas urement of an object was made and the object itself such as emis sivity reflected apparent temperature distance etc A non calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by the camera from the object The set of colors used to display an IR image Stands for picture element One single spot in an image Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and angle W m2 sr Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time W The process by which electromagnetic energy is emitted by an ob ject or a gas A piece of IR radiating equipment The current overall temperature measu
61. er decompile or disas semble the SOFTWARE except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation e SOFTWARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRIC TIONS You may permanently transfer rights under this EULA only as part of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA If the SOFTWARE is an up grade any transfer must also include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE EXPORT RESTRICTIONS You acknowledge that SOFTWARE is subject to U S export jurisdiction You agree to comply with all ap plicable international and national laws that apply to the SOFT WARE including the U S Export Administration Regulations as well as end user end use and destination restrictions issued by U S and other governments For additional information see http www microsoft com exporting 1 9 EULATerms Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI Copyright 2013 Nokia Corporation and FLIR Sys tems AB This Qt library is a free software you can redistribute it and or mod ify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 1 of the License or at your option any later version This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU Lesser General Public Licens
62. ery Battery operating time Approx 4 hours at 25 C 77 F ambient tem perature and typical use Charging system Battery is charged inside the camera or in specific charger Charging time 2 5 hours to 90 capacity in camera 2 hours in charger Power management Automatic shut down AC operation AC adapter 90 260 VAC input 5 VDC output to camera Environmental data Operating temperature range 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F Storage temperature range 40 C to 70 C 40 F to 158 F Humidity operating and storage IEC 60068 2 30 24 h 95 relative humidity EMO WEEE 2012 19 EC RoHs 2011 65 EC C Tick EN 61000 6 3 EN 61000 6 2 FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Class B Physical data Camera weight incl battery 0 575 kg 1 27 Ib Camera size L x W x H 244 x 95 x 140 mm 9 6 x 3 7 x 5 5 in Color Black and gray Certifications Certification UL CSA CE PSE and CCC 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 33 Technical data Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera Hard transport case Battery inside camera USB cable Power supply charger with EU UK US and Australian plugs User documentation CD ROM Printed documentation e FLIR Tools download card Supplies amp accessories e 1911093 Tool belt e 1198528 Hard transport case FLIR Ex series e 1198530 Battery e 1198531 Battery charger incl power supply e 1198532 Car charger 1198534 Power supp
63. examples 13 5 Draft 13 5 1 General Draft can be found under baseboards around door and window casings and above ceil ing trim This type of draft is often possible to see with an infrared camera as a cooler airstream cools down the surrounding surface When you are investigating draft in a house there should be sub atmospheric pressure in the house Close all doors windows and ventilation ducts and allow the kitchen fan to run for a while before you take the infrared images An infrared image of draft often shows a typical stream pattern You can see this stream pattern clearly in the picture below Also keep in mind that drafts can be concealed by heat from floor heating circuits 13 5 2 Figure The image below shows a ceiling hatch where faulty installation has resulted in a strong draft 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 45 14 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high performance infrared imaging systems and is the world leader in the design manufacture and mar keting of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial industrial and gov ernment applications Today FLIR Systems embraces five major companies with outstanding achievements in infrared technology since 1958 the Swedish AGEMA In frared Systems formerly AGA Infrared Systems the three United States companies In digo Systems FSI and Inframetrics and the French company
64. gs Swedish Building Research Institute Stockholm 1972 7 Vlcek J Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities at A 5 um Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 8 Kern Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 Ohman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements using AGEMA E Box Technical report AGEMA 1999 10 Mattei S Tang Kwor E Emissivity measurements for Nextel Velvet coating 811 21 between 36 C AND 82 C 11 Lohrengel amp Todtenhaupt 1996 12 ITC Technical publication 32 13 ITC Technical publication 29 The emissivity values in the table below are recorded using a shortwave SW camera The values should be regarded as recommendations only and used with caution 20 2 Tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference 3M type 35 Vinyl electrical tape several colors 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri lt 105 cal tape 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri lt 105 cal tape 3M type Super 33 Black vinyl electri cal tape Aluminum anodized black dull Aluminum anodized black dull Aluminum anodized light 7 gray dull olo Oo O N C1 N O O O O o co
65. he operator Thus even if the object happened to be a blackbody i e Uobj Utot we are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts together Computation of Uopj by means of Equation 4 then results in Uop 4 5 0 75 0 92 0 5 6 0 This is a rather extreme extrapolation particularly when consider ing that the video amplifier might limit the output to 5 volts Note though that the applica tion of the calibration curve is a theoretical procedure where no electronic or other limitations exist We trust that if there had been no signal limitations in the camera and if it had been calibrated far beyond 5 volts the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4 1 volts provided the calibration algo rithm is based on radiation physics like the FLIR Systems algorithm Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations 11 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F Refl 0 6 Atm A Refl E Refl Refl Figure 19 2 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions SW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters t
66. he real conditions What has been neglected could for in stance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense radiation sources outside the field of view Such disturbances are difficult to quantify however in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negli gible the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sources etc Accepting the description above we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output Trefi eg 1 Figure 19 1 A schematic representation of the general thermographic measurement situation 1 Sur roundings 2 Object 3 Atmosphere 4 Camera Assume that the received radiation power W from a blackbody source of temperature Tsource ON short distance generates a camera output signal Usource that is proportional to the power input power linear camera We can then write Equation 1 ce CH 12 or with simplified notation U CW SOUrce SOUrce where C is a constant Should the source be a graybody with emittance e the received radiation would conse quently be Whsource We are now ready to write the three collected r
67. herm emissivity emissivity factor emittance environment estimated at mospheric transmission external optics filter FOV FPA graybody IFOV Glossary The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the re ceived radiation A number between 0 and 1 The gases between the object being measured and the camera nor mally air A function making a camera perform an internal image correction The IR image is shown with an uneven spread of colors displaying cold objects as well as hot ones at the same time Totally non reflective object All its radiation is due to its own temperature An IR radiating equipment with blackbody properties used to cali brate IR cameras A transmission value computed from the temperature the relative humidity of air and the distance to the object A bottle shaped radiator with an absorbing inside viewed through the bottleneck The temperature for which the color of a blackbody matches a spe cific color The process that makes heat diffuse into a material A function that adjusts the image The function works all the time continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the im age content Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into mo tion either by gravity or another force thereby transferring heat from one place to another An isotherm with two color bands instead of one The amount of radiation coming from an obj
68. hined Iron cast oxidized N O O Iron cast oxidized 0 63 0 76 0 64 0 78 0 21 Iron cast oxidized I 00 Ol amp 00 Iron cast oxidized Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 N e eo No Co Iron cast polished O 00 Iron Cast polished 0 21 gt O Iron cast polished 0 21 unworked 900 1100 0 87 0 95 Flat black Iron cast Krylon Ultra flat LW 2 black 1602 Room tempera ture up to 175 Flat black MW 0 97 N N O Krylon Ultra flat black 1602 Room tempera ture up to 175 Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 70 SW 0 50 0 53 on Aluminum Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 70 LW 0 92 0 94 on Aluminum O O gt Aluminum on rough surface Lacquer bakelite black dull Lacquer 0 83 Lacquer 40 100 0 96 0 98 Lacquer black matte 100 0 97 N O Lacquer black shiny 0 87 sprayed on iron Lacquer heat resistant 100 0 92 Lacquer white 100 0 92 Lacquer white 40 100 0 8 0 95 Lead Lead 0 63 0 28 oxidized at 200 C 200 oxidized gray 20 Lead oxidized gray 22 0 28 Lead shiny 250 100 0 08 Lead unoxidized 0 05 polished T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued E Lead red 0 93 Lead red powder 0 93 Leather tanned 0 75 0 80
69. ialog boxes e Push the center to confirm 4 Cancel button ke Function e Push to cancel a choice e Push to go back into the menu system 5 On off button Function e Pushthe button to turn on the camera e Push and hold the Y button for less than 5 seconds to put the camera in standby mode The camera then automatically turns off after 48 hours e Push and hold the button for more than 10 seconds to turn off the camera 7 3 Connectors 7 3 1 Figure 7 3 2 Explanation The purpose of this USB mini B connector is the following e Charging the battery using the FLIR power supply e Charging the battery using a USB cable connected to a computer NOTE Charging the camera using a USB cable connected to a computer takes considerably longer than using the FLIR power supply or the FLIR stand alone battery charger e Moving images from the camera to a computer for further analysis in FLIR Tools 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 12 Description 7 4 Screen elements 7 4 1 Figure 7 4 2 Explanation Main menu toolbar Submenu toolbar Spotmeter Result table Status icons Temperature scale Q eras En 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US Operation 8 1 Charging the battery 8 1 1 Charging the battery using the FLIR power supply Follow this procedure 1 Connect the power supply to a wall outlet 2 Connect the power supply cable to the USB connector on the camera NOTE
70. ion Injury to persons can occur Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels on con tainers before you use a liquid The liquids can be dangerous Injury to persons can occur CAUTION Do not point the infrared camera with or without the lens cover at strong energy sources for example devices that cause laser radiation or the sun This can have an unwanted effect on the accuracy of the camera It can also cause damage to the detector in the camera CAUTION Do not use the camera in temperatures more than 50 C 122 F unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data High temperatures can cause damage to the camera CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not attach the batteries directly to a car s cigarette lighter socket unless FLIR Systems supplies a specific adapter to connect the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket Damage to the batteries can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery to each other with a metal object such as wire Damage to the batteries can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not get water or salt water on the battery or permit the battery to become wet Damage to the bat teries can occur 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 3 Safety i
71. ions so only an infinitesimal fraction can possibly escape The blackness which is obtained at the aperture is nearly equal to a blackbody and almost perfect for all wavelengths By providing such an isothermal cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempera ture reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments such as a FLIR Systems camera for example If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 C 977 F the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black This is the incipi ent red heat temperature of the radiator which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further In fact the definition of the so called co or temperature of an object is the temperature to which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody 18 3 1 Planck s law Figure 18 3 Max Planck 1858 1947 Max Planck 1858 1947 was able to describe the spectral distribution of the radiation from a blackbody by means of the following formula Ihe UA EPT x 10 Watt m um where T
72. ity you are certain of This method assumes that the temperature of your tape and the sample surface are the same If they are not your emissivity measurement will be wrong 16 3 Reflected apparent temperature This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly 16 4 Distance The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera This parameter is used to compensate for the following two facts e That radiation from the target is absorbed by the atmosphere between the object and the camera e That radiation from the atmosphere itself is detected by the camera 16 5 Relative humidity The camera can also compensate for the fact that the transmittance is also dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relative humidity to the cor rect value For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 5096 16 6 Other parameters In addition some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to com pensate for the following parameters e Atmospheric temperature i e the temperature of the atmosphere between the cam era and the target e External optics temperature i e the temperature of any external lense
73. ld create a lighter color for the higher temperature If you use Auto mode instead the color for the two items will appear the same 8 14 3 When to use Manual mode 8 14 3 1 Example 1 This figure shows two infrared images of cable connection points The left image has been auto adjusted which makes a correct analysis of the circled cable difficult You can analyze this cable in more detail if you e Change the temperature scale maximum limit e Change the temperature scale minimum limit e Change the temperature scale maximum and minimum limits In the right image the maximum and minimum temperature levels have been changed to temperature levels near the object On the temperature scale to the right of each image you can see how the temperature levels were changed 40 1 C A automatic M manual 8 14 3 2 Example 2 This figure shows two infrared images of an isolator in a power line In the left image the cold sky and the power line structure are recorded at a minimum temperature of 26 0 C 14 8 F In the right image the maximum and minimum tem perature levels have been changed to temperature levels near the isolator This makes it easier to analyze the temperature variations in the isolator 66 2 C 60 A automatic M manual 8 14 4 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 20 Operation 2 On the tool
74. ls from said element are amplified and filtered and may be used to modulate the intensity of a moving spot on a cathode ray tube The movement of said such as predictive maintenance R amp D non destructive testing process control and au tomation and machine vision among many others FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States Portland OR Bos ton MA Santa Barbara CA and one in Sweden Stockholm Since 2007 there is also a manufacturing plant in Tallinn Estonia Direct sales offices in Belgium Brazil China France Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Italy Japan Korea Sweden and the USA together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors support our internation al customer base 7559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 46 14 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry We antici pate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery operated portable camera for industrial inspections and the first uncooled infrared camera to mention just two innovations Figure 14 2 LEFT Thermovision Model 661 from 1969 The camera weighed approximately 25 kg 55 Ib the oscilloscope 20 kg 44 Ib and the tripod 15 kg 33 Ib The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set and a
75. ly USB micro e 1198529 Pouch FLIR Ex and ix series e 1198533 USB cable Std A lt gt Micro B 1198583 FLIR Tools license only 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 34 Technical data 9 7 FLIR E8 P N 63903 0303 Rev 22369 General description The FLIR Ex series cameras are point and shoot infrared cameras that give you access to the infrared world A FLIR Ex series camera is an affordable replacement for an infrared thermometer providing a thermal image with temperature information in every pixel The new MSX and visual formats make the cameras incomparably easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are user friendly compact and rugged for use in harsh environments The wide field of view makes them the perfect choice for building applications Benefits Easy to use The FLIR Ex series cameras are fully automatic and focus free with an intuitive inter face for simple measurements in thermal visual or MSX mode Compact and rugged The FLIR Ex series cameras low weight of 0 575 kg and the accessory belt pouch make them easy to bring along at all times Their rugged design can withstand a 2 m drop test and ensures reliability even in harsh environments Ground breaking affordability The FLIR Ex series cameras are the most affordable infrared cameras on the market Imaging and optical data Thermal sensitivity NETD lt 0 06 C 0 11 F 60 mK Minimum focus distance Spatial resolution IFOV Detector d
76. m We multiply each term by the constant C of Equation 1 and replace the CW products by the corresponding U according to the same equation and get Equation 3 ees EE STU sj 2 1 n E TU op 3 1 T U atm Solve Equation 3 for Un Equation 4 1 1 1 Un U Ua U obj atm ER e ET This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 19 1 Voltages Uopj Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Topj i e a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature Measured camera output voltage for the actual case Uren Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tren according to the calibration Uatm Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tatm according to the calibration The operator has to supply a number of parameter values for the calculation e the object emittance e e the relative humidity Tatm object distance Dobj e the effective temperature of the object surroundings or the reflected ambient tem perature Tref and e the temperature of the atmosphere Tatm This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the actual case The two temperatures are normally less of a problem provi
77. mera firmware it is important that you keep your cam era updated You update your camera using FLIR Tools 8 22 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Start FLIR Tools Start the camera Connect the camera to the computer using the USB cable On the Help menu in FLIR Tools click Check for updates Follow the on screen instructions oo I 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 24 Technical data 9 1 Online field of view calculator Please visit http support flir com and click the photo of the camera series for field of view tables for all lens camera combinations 9 2 Note about technical data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice Please check http support flir com for latest changes 9 3 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to translation errors the English text has precedence Any late changes are first implemented in English 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 25 Technical data 9 4 FLIR E4 P N 63901 0101 Rev 22369 General description The FLIR Ex series cameras are point and shoot infrared cameras that give you access to the infrared world A FLIR Ex series camera is an affordable replacement for an infrared thermometer providing a thermal image with temperature information in every pixel The new MSX and visual formats make the cameras incomparably easy to use
78. more to ther mography than just knowing how to handle a camera Therefore FLIR Systems has founded the Infrared Training Center ITC a separate business unit that provides certi fied training courses Attending one of the ITC courses will give you a truly hands on learning experience The staff of the ITC are also there to provide you with any application support you may need in putting infrared theory into practice 14 3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 47 14 About FLIR Systems 14 4 A few images from our facilities SARE TT Figure 14 3 LEFT Development of system electronics RIGHT Testing of an FPA detector Ss l ir u 5 e TA SR APA Figure 14 4 LEFT Diamond turning machine RIGHT Lens polishing T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 48 15 absorption absorption factor atmosphere autoadjust autopalette blackbody blackbody radiator calculated at mospheric transmission cavity radiator color temperature conduction continuous adjust convection dual isot
79. n responsive clement behind said aperture for picking up such radiation Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying dia grammatic drawings in which Fig 1 is a side view of a scanning prism and illustrates the deflection of rays of electro magnetic radiation by the prism and the focus sing of the rays at a fixed scanning aperture Fig 2 graphically illustrates the scanning deflection as a function of the angle of rota tion for various refractive indices of the prism Fig 3 is a view showing the paraxial image surface for rays in two perpendicular planes for different indices of refraction of the prism The scanning mechanism of the present in vention is particularly applicable to receiving electromagnetic radiation within the optical ultra violet or infra red regions of the electro magnetic spectrum the incoming radiation being focused on a radiation responsive ele ment which may be of a kind well known in the art and as such is not shown in the drawings Hitherto the main difficulty in achieving high scanning speeds has been of a mech anical nature The present invention uses 2 rotating refractive prism for fast scanning in one direction scanning perpendicular to this direction is slower and can be accomplished by other means for example as by an oscil lating mirror in the collecting op
80. nformation CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not make holes in the battery with objects Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not hit the battery with a hammer Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put your foot on the battery hit it or cause shocks to it Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put the batteries in or near a fire or into direct sunlight When the battery becomes hot the built in safety equipment becomes energized and can stop the battery charging procedure If the battery be comes hot damage can occur to the safety equipment and this can cause more heat damage or igni tion of the battery CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put the battery on a fire or increase the temperature of the battery with heat Damage to the bat tery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put the battery on or near fires stoves or other high temperature locations Damage to the bat tery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not solder directly onto the battery Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries
81. ogy This secrecy only began to be lifted in the middle of the 1950 s and from that time adequate thermal imaging devices finally began to be available to civilian science and industry 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 59 18 Theory of thermography 18 1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera In this section the theory behind thermography will be given 18 2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions called bands distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation There is no fundamental difference between radiation in the different bands of the elec tromagnetic spectrum They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength D 2 3 6 100m 1km 10nm Om Mm Tom TOD HM 1mm 10mm 100mm 1m 10m 2 um 13 um Figure 18 1 The electromagnetic spectrum 1 X ray 2 UV 3 Visible 4 IR 5 Microwaves 6 Radiowaves Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band At the short wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are al
82. orbed a fraction p may be re flected and a fraction T may be transmitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript A is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus e The spectral absorptance a the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an object to that incident upon it e The spectral reflectance p the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an ob ject to that incident upon it e The spectral transmittance T the ratio of the spectral radiant power transmitted through an object to that incident upon it The sum of these three factors must always add up to the whole at any wavelength so we have the relation Cu Pay SPS sed For opaque materials T O and the relation simplifies to E p 1 Another factor called the emissivity is required to describe the fraction e of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature Thus we have the definition The spectral emissivity ex the ratio of the spectral radiant power from an object to that from a blackbody at the same temperature and wavelength Expressed mathematically this can be written as the ratio of the spectral emittance of the object to that of a blackbody as follows Wa Wo Ex Generally speaking there are three types of radiation source distinguished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength e A blackbody
83. perature and typical use Charging system Battery is charged inside the camera or in specific charger Charging time 2 5 hours to 90 capacity in camera 2 hours in charger Power management Automatic shut down AC operation AC adapter 90 260 VAC input 5 VDC output to camera Environmental data Operating temperature range 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F Storage temperature range 40 C to 70 C 40 F to 158 F Humidity operating and storage IEC 60068 2 30 24 h 95 relative humidity EMO WEEE 2012 19 EC RoHs 2011 65 EC C Tick EN 61000 6 3 EN 61000 6 2 FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Class B Physical data Camera weight incl battery 0 575 kg 1 27 Ib Camera size L x W x H 244 x 95 x 140 mm 9 6 x 3 7 x 5 5 in Color Black and gray Certifications Certification UL CSA CE PSE and CCC 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 36 Technical data Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera e Hard transport case Battery 2x e USB cable Power supply charger with EU UK US and Australian plugs Battery charger User documentation CD ROM Printed documentation FLIR Tools download card Packaging weight 3 13 kg 6 9 Ib Packaging size 385 x 165 x 315 mm 15 2 x 6 5 x 12 4 in EAN 13 4743254001015 UPC 12 845188004965 Country of origin Estonia Supplies amp accessories e 1911093 Tool belt e 1198528 Hard transport case FLIR Ex series e 1198
84. r of said prism passes the scanning aperture 6 there is a substan tially instantaneous return of the scan In FIGS 1 and 4 there is shown an incoming ray of radiation having a maximum deviation from the di rection of the optical axis In FIG 1 designates the angle of rotation of the prism and x y and z are the axes of a coordinate system x being along the optical axis and z parallel to the axis of rotation 2 A point on the image surface is defined by these coordinates as in dicated in the case of a point x y in FIG 1 the z co 5 ordinate of which is 0 since it is in the x y plane The deflection of rays is shown in FIG 2 in the y di rection as a function of the turning angle p and index of refraction of said prism n The axis y in FIG 3 refers to the same axis as in FIG 2 FIG 3 shows the necessary form 7 and 8 of the image surfaces of said optical system in order that said field of view shall be scanned without aberrations for various values of refractive index of said prism Refer ring to FIG 3 there are for every rotating angle and every refractive index of said prism n two values of x The larger of said two values of x corresponds to the image surface 7 that is generated by the rays in the plane of the paper i e the x y plane and forming small angles with the x axis The smaller value of x corre sponds to the image surface 8 that is generated by the rays which are parallel with the x z plane and fo
85. rature is obtained by applying the rule of thumb 3 000 T um Thus a very hot star such as Sirius 11 000 K emitting bluish white light radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum at wave length 0 27 um 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 62 18 Theory of thermography Figure 18 5 Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 The sun approx 6 000 K emits yellow light peaking at about 0 5 um in the middle of the visible light spectrum At room temperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 um in the far infra red while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen 77 K the maximum of the almost insignif icant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 um in the extreme infrared wavelengths Figure 18 6 Planckian curves plotted on semi log scales from 100 K to 1000 K The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm um 2 Wavelength um 18 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from A 0 to A ee we obtain the total radiant emittance Wb of a blackbody W oT Watt m This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula after Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltz mann 1844 1906 which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody is propor tional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Graphically Wp repre
86. re batteries When the battery is worn apply insulation to the terminals with adhesive tape or equivalent materials before you discard it Damage to the battery and injury to persons can occur if you do not do this CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Remove any water or moisture on the battery before you install it Damage to the battery can occur if you do not do this CAUTION Do not apply solvents or equivalent liquids to the camera the cables or other items Damage to the bat tery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Be careful when you clean the infrared lens The lens has an anti reflective coating which is easily dam aged Damage to the infrared lens can occur CAUTION Do not use too much force to clean the infrared lens This can cause damage to the anti reflective coating The encapsulation rating is only applicable when all the openings on the camera are sealed with their correct covers hatches or caps This includes the compartments for data storage batteries and connectors 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 5 Notice to user 3 1 User to user forums Exchange ideas problems and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user to user forums To go to the forums visit http www infraredtraining com community boards 3 2 Calibration We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year Contact your lo cal sales offic
87. rectives Directive 2004 108 EC Directive 2006 95 EC Standards Emission Immunity Safety Power Supply Systems FLIR Systems AB Quality Assurance j pe if J Fi rn Svensson irector f 7 cau IV A J Electromagnetic Compatibility Low voltage Directive Power Supply EN 61000 6 3 Electro magnetic Compatibility Generic standards Emission EN 61000 6 2 Electro magnetic Compatibility Generic standards Immunity EN 60950 or other Safety of information technology equipment FLIR EX FLIR Systems AB Antennv gen 6 P O Box 7376 SE 187 15 T by Sweden Telephone 46 8 753 25 00 Telefax 46 8 753 23 64 Registered No 556256 6579 www flir se 12 Cleaning the camera 12 1 Camera housing cables and other items 12 1 1 Liquids Use one of these liquids e Warm water e A weak detergent solution 12 1 2 Equipment A soft cloth 12 1 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Soak the cloth in the liquid 2 Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid 3 Clean the part with the cloth Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera the cables or other items This can cause damage 12 2 Infrared lens 12 2 1 Liquids Use one of these liquids e Acommercial lens cleaning liquid with more than 30 isopropyl alcohol e 96 ethyl alcohol C2H50H 12 2 2 Equipment Cotton wool 12 2 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1
88. rement limitation of an IR camera Cameras can have several ranges Expressed as two blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration A temperature which the ordinary measured values can be com pared with The amount of radiation reflected by an object relative to the re ceived radiation A number between 0 and 1 Relative humidity represents the ratio between the current water va pour mass in the air and the maximum it may contain in saturation conditions The areas that contain temperatures outside the present level span settings are colored with the saturation colors The saturation colors contain an overflow color and an underflow color There is also a third red saturation color that marks everything saturated by the de tector indicating that the range should probably be changed 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 50 15 Glossary span spectral radi ant emittance temperature difference or difference of temperature temperature range temperature scale thermogram transmission or transmit tance factor transparent isotherm visual The interval of the temperature scale usually expressed as a signal value Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and wavelength W m2 um A value which is the result of a subtraction between two temperature values The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR camera Cameras can have several ranges E
89. rent samples Wood pine 4 different samples planed oak planed oak planed oak Wood plywood untreated oxidized at 400 C 400 oxidized surface 1000 1200 0 95 0 98 h 0 85 SW 0 98 LLW 0 962 0 5 0 7 0 67 0 75 0 81 0 89 0 8 0 9 NI N O O NO N l o O OTN N O 0 7 0 8 0 11 0 50 0 60 0 04 0 05 0 20 CO CO N O lt al O 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 81 ALPINE COMPONENTS We ve been supplying portable test and measurement equipment to companies of all sizes and industries around the world since 1991 Our aim is to distribute easy to use reliable and effective instruments to engineering maintenance and facilities departments and to complement these products with comprehensive advice training and support Telephone 01424 858118 E mail Address info alpine components co uk Postal Address Alpine Components Ltd Innovation Centre Highfield Drive Churchfields St Leonards on Sea TN38 9UH United Kingdom Website www alpine components co uk
90. rks of FLIR Systems and or its subsidiaries All other trademarks trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective owners 1 6 Quality assurance The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the prod ucts without prior notice 1 7 Patents One or several of the following patents and or design patents may apply to the products and or features Additional pending patents and or pending de sign patents may also apply 000279476 0001 000439161 000499579 0001 000653423 000726344 000859020 001106306 0001 001707738 001707746 001707787 001776519 001954074 002021543 002058180 002249953 002531178 0600574 8 1144833 1182246 1182620 1285345 1299699 1325808 1336775 1391114 1402918 1404291 1411581 1415075 1421497 1458284 1678485 1732314 2106017 2107799 2381417 3006596 3006597 466540 483782 484155 4889913 5177595 60122153 2 60200401 1681 5 08 6707044 68657 7034300 7110035 7154093 7157705 7237946 7312822 7332716 7336823 7544944 7667198 7809258 B2 7826736 8 153 971 8 823 803 8 853 631 8018649 B2 8212210 B2 8289372 8354639 B2 8384783 8520970 8565547 8595689 8599262 8654239 8680
91. rm small angles with the x y plane It is apparent from FIG 3 that the aberrations which are caused by the prism can be neutralized to a sub 5 stantial degree by a suitable choice of image surface In this way it is possible according to our invention to achieve very high resolution in the optical scanning It is preferable if the refractive index of said prism has a value between 3 and 6 for the wave lengths used Said index of refraction having a value of about 4 is specially advantageous both for yielding a linear scan and for allowing a relatively plane image surface This is pointed out in FIG 2 and FIG 3 As is also shown in FIG 2 a larger index of refraction of said prism gives a greater length of scan The material of said prism must in our invention be transparent for radiation in the energy spectrum of in terest and it is preferable if the sides of said prism are coated with suitable material in order to reduce reflec tions The entry area of the rays coming from said optical system for varying turning angles p does not extend near the corners of the prism in our invention which may therefore be rounded This improves both the air resist 65 ance and the mechanical strength of the prism When said prism rotates and the scanning in the other direction is accomplished in said collecting optics the radiation energy responsive element 12 scans said field of view for various energy levels in such field The out put signa
92. roducts The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to misuse neglect accident or abnormal conditions of operation Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply FLIR Systems will at its option repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if upon inspection it proves to be defective in material or work manship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one year period FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above No other warranty is expressed or implied FLIR Systems specifically dis claims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential loss or damage whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law Any dispute controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this war ranty shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce The place of ar
93. s or windows used in front of the camera 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 55 16 Thermographic measurement techniques e External optics transmittance e the transmission of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 56 17 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800 the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spec trum wasn t even suspected The original significance of the infrared spectrum or simply the infrared as it is often called as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious to day than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800 Figure 17 1 Sir William Herschel 1738 1822 The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material Sir William Herschel Royal Astronomer to King George Ill of England and already famous for his discovery of the planet Uranus was searching for an optical filter material to re duce the brightness of the sun s image in telescopes during solar observations While testing different samples of colored glass which gave similar reductions in brightness he was intrigued to find that some of the samples passed very little of the sun s heat while others passed so much heat that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds observation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experiment with the objective of finding
94. sents the area below the Planck curve for a particular temperature It can be shown that the radiant emittance in the interval A 0 to Amax is only 25 of the total which represents about the amount of the sun s radiation which lies inside the visible light spectrum 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 63 18 Theory of thermography Figure 18 7 Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 Using the Stefan Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx 2 m2 we obtain 1 kW This power loss could not be sustained if it were not for the compensating absorption of radiation from surrounding surfaces at room temperatures which do not vary too drasti cally from the temperature of the body or of course the addition of clothing 18 3 4 Non blackbody emitters So far only blackbody radiators and blackbody radiation have been discussed However real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wavelength region although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals For ex ample a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spec trum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 um and beyond 3 um it is almost black There are three processes which can occur that prevent a real object from acting like a blackbody a fraction of the incident radiation a may be abs
95. sh the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 Onthe toolbar select Settings Ej This displays a dialog box 3 Inthe dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 22 Operation 4 Inthe dialog box select Distance This displays a dialog box where you can select a distance 8 20 Performing a non uniformity correction NUC 8 20 1 What is a non uniformity correction A non uniformity correction is an image correction carried out by the camera software to compensate for different sensitivities of detector elements and other optical and geomet rical disturbances 8 20 2 When to perform a non uniformity correction The non uniformity correction process should be carried out whenever the output image becomes spatially noisy The output can become spatially noisy when the ambient tem perature changes such as from day to night operation and vice versa 8 20 3 Procedure To perform a non uniformity correction push and hold the Image archive button gt for more than 2 seconds 8 21 Changing the settings 8 21 1 General You can change a variety of settings for the camera The Settings menu includes the following e Measurement parameters e Save options e Device settings 8 21 1 1 Measurement parameters e Emissivity e Reflected temperature e Distance 8 21 1 2 Save options e Photo as separate JPEG When this menu command is selecte
96. slation errors the English text has precedence Any late changes are first implemented in English T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 6 Customer help FLIR Customer Support Center Home Answers Ask a Question Product Registration Downloads My Stuff Service FLIR Customer support Get the most out of your FLIR products Get Support fof Your FLIR Products Welcome to the FLIR Customer Support Center This portal will help you as a FLIR customer to get the most out of your FLIR products The portal gives you access to e The FLIR Knowledgebase e Ask our support team requires registration a Software and documentation requires registration FLIR service contacts Find Answers We store all resolved problems in our solution database Search by product category keywords or phrases Search by Keyword Search All Answers See All Popular Answers To find a datasheet for a current product click on a picture To find a datasheet for a legacy product click here FLIR Ex FLIR EXX FLIR Kxx FLIR T4xx FLIR T6xx FLIR G3xx ThermaCAM FLIR GF3xx FLIR Ax FLIR Ax5 FLIR A3xx GasFindIR Product catalog Accessones Please right click the links below and select Save Target As to save the file Or Al QU LR US Letter 28 Mb r s Ad 27 4 Mb a E Ye ba o Y Important legal disclaimer dangers warnings and cautions 4 1 General For customer help visit http support flir com 4 2 Su
97. so arbitrarily chosen They include the near infrared 0 75 3 um the middle infrared 3 6 um the far infrared 6 15 um and the extreme infrared 15 100 um Although the wavelengths are given in um micrometers other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region e g nanometer nm and ngstr m A The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is 10 000 A 1 000 nm 1 u 1 pm 18 3 Blackbody radiation A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radiation is ex plained by Kirchhoff s Law after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 which states that a body capable of absorbing all radiation at any wavelength is equally capable in the emission of radiation 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 60 18 Theory of thermography Figure 18 2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 The construction of a blackbody source is in principle very simple The radiation charac teristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material rep resents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides Any radiation which then enters the hole is scattered and absorbed by repeated reflect
98. t 950 1100 0 55 0 61 2 eo N Iron and steel heavily rusted sheet hot rolled hot rolled Iron and steel 130 eo 0 77 0 74 0 74 0 89 0 78 0 82 0 79 Iron and steel 100 100 1227 125 525 Iron and steel oxidized Iron and steel oxidized Iron and steel oxidized Iron and steel oxidized N Q O Iron and steel oxidized N O O al N O O Iron and steel oxidized 200 600 0 80 Iron and steel 50 0 88 Iron and steel 500 0 98 Iron and steel 100 0 07 Iron and steel 400 1000 0 14 0 38 Iron and steel 750 1050 0 52 0 56 Iron and steel 5 0 56 Iron and steel 20 0 24 Iron and steel 0 95 0 98 surface Iron and steel 22 Iron and steel 17 W Iron and steel 20 Iron and steel 20 0 82 sheet Iron and steel 150 T 0 16 al T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 7 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Iron and steel wrought carefully 40 250 polished 70 SW 0 64 LW Iron galvanized heavily oxidized Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 0 85 Iron galvanized sheet 0 07 Iron galvanized sheet burnished 30 0 23 Iron galvanized sheet oxidized 20 0 28 0 064 0 81 Iron tinned sheet c1 NO co Iron cast casting Iron cast ingots 1000 0 95 Iron cast liquid 1300 0 28 800 1000 100 0 60 0 70 0 64 Iron cast mac
99. terial 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Soil saturated with 20 T 0 95 2 water Stainless steel alloy 8 Ni 18 500 0 35 Cr Stainless steel rolled 0 45 SN 045 j T 0 70 we CI LW 0 14 EN SW Stainless steel sheet polished Stainless steel sheet polished Stainless steel sheet untreated somewhat scratched 700 Stainless steel 700 70 70 O CO eo N O N O 0 28 Stainless steel sheet untreated somewhat scratched 0 Stainless steel type 18 8 buffed Stainless steel type 18 8 oxi dized at 800 C oO O co a er e SI co mq eo e I d P olco O mM olaya o to Oi olal ojojo J R Co O 10 90 0 91 J i Tin tin plated sheet 100 iron Titanium oxidized at 540 C 1000 0 79 0 84 0 91 0 93 a 0 2 37 2 SW 2 0 50 0 04 0 06 Titanium 0 Titanium 0 Titanium Titanium Titanium 2 5 1000 2 5 0 0 00 00 00 0 Wallpaper slight pattern light gray Titanium Titanium Titanium LS NEM LL NN E m mes fa T floor floor heavy frost 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 20 Emissivity tables Table 20 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 10 0 100 Water layer gt 0 1 mm thick Wood pine 4 diffe
100. the battery using the FLIR power supply e Charge the battery using a USB cable connected to a computer Charging the camera using a USB cable connected to a computer takes considerably longer than using the FLIR power supply or the FLIR stand alone battery charger Push the On off button to turn on the camera Open the lens cap by pushing the lens cap lever Aim the camera toward your target of interest Pull the trigger to save an image E abd Optional steps 6 Install FLIR Tools on your computer 7 Start FLIR Tools 8 Connect the camera to your computer using the USB cable 9 Import the images into FLIR Tools 10 Create a PDF report in FLIR Tools 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 9 List of accessories and services FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models parts or accessories and other items or to change specifications at any time without prior notice 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 10 Description 7 1 Camera parts 7 1 1 Figure 7 1 2 Explanation Digital camera lens Infrared lens Lever to open and close the lens cap Trigger to save images Battery pe 9 uet 7 2 Keypad 7 2 1 Figure 7 2 2 Explanation 1 Camera screen 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US Description 2 Archive button Function Push to open the image archive 3 Navigation pad Function e Push left right or up down to navigate in menus submenus and d
101. tics This slower scanning can also be accomplished by tilting the rotating axis of the prism This 45 55 70 75 United States Patent Office 3 253 498 Patented May 31 1966 1 3 253 498 SCANNING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRO MAGNETIC RADIATION Per Johan Lindberg Stockholm and Hans Gunnar Malm berg Solna Sweden assignors to AGA Aktiebolaget a corporation of Sweden Filed May 14 1962 Ser No 194 622 Claims priority application Sweden May 19 1961 5 299 61 2 Claims Cl 88 1 This invention relates to an improved optical scanning mechanism for receiving electromagnetic radiation and to radiation responsive mcans utilizing such optical scan ning It is an object of the invention to provide improved op tical scanning means of the character indicated It is another object of the invention to provide im proved means for continuously and automatically scan ning of a field of view for ascertaining energy levels in such field It is a further object of the invention to provide means for optical scanning of said field of view many times per second A further specific object is to provide means for more accurate and efficient scanning of a ficld of view the dead or nonutilized scanning time being reduced to a small value Other objects and various further features of novelty and invention will be pointed out or will occur to those skilled in the art from a reading of the following specifica tion in conjun
102. toolbar select Measurement This displays a toolbar 3 On the toolbar select Auto cold spot El T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 16 Operation 8 10 Hiding measurement tools 8 10 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 On the toolbar select Measurement This displays a toolbar 3 On the toolbar select No measurements Ed 8 11 Changing the color palette 8 11 1 General You can change the color palette that the camera uses to display different temperatures A different palette can make it easier to analyze an image 8 11 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolbar 2 On the toolbar select Color L This displays a toolbar 3 Onthe toolbar select a new color palette 8 12 Working with color alarms 8 12 1 General By using color alarms isotherms anomalies can easily be discovered in an infrared im age The isotherm command applies a contrasting color to all pixels with a temperature above or below the specified temperature level 8 12 2 Image examples This table explains the different color alarms isotherms Color alarm Image Below alarm Above alarm 26 3 C Bm P m OFLIR T559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 17 Operation 8 12 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 2 3 4 5 Push the center of the navigation pad This displays a toolb
103. ujdeje sueew Aue q Jo woz Aue ur paprwusue JO Uejs s eaaa e u peJojs paonpoida aq Kew Buiweup siu jo ped ON 89pIMDIUOA pamasa szyu IV Du swajs s WITH 2107 10 Charger and Power pack m O C LLI LL D Y ER Sl lt mm 5 2 Hoz ur CO U d 9 a gt sE CO Ne Lo 3 B gt oa O e x 9 LLI E ad za T LL N e lt E e lt lt so ze N oO Ss g gc m O O EN 5 7 cO LO st co CN w m O Q LLI LL JE payiqiyosd si mej sn o Aue luoo uolsi AIq suons nb Aue uw woo suonsenbjiodxa o Jaja esea d suonenbay uodx3 SN o joe qns eq Aew jonpolg A dde Aew seunpeooJd esueor suonejepisuoo ja yet jeuoiDai o joefqns eq Aew s onpoid senjeA EUIWOU UO paseq s ejep jeuolsuewig eonou Jeyuny noyym aBueyo o joefqns suoneoyioedg oul suejs S y 74 WOI uoissiuJed US IM INOYJM esimuayjo Jo Buipiooe1 HulAdooojoyd jeojueyoau ouo sueau Aue Aq Jo uuoj Aue ul peyiusueJ Jo uejs s enanas e UI pasos peonpoudai aq Aew BulmeJp siy JO Wed ON apimppom pamasa syyBu y Du swars s 14 2107 O FLIR August 8 2013 AQ320035 CE Declaration of Conformity This is to certify that the Systems listed below have been designed and manufactured to meet the requirements as applicable of the following EU Directives and corresponding harmonising standards The systems consequently meet the requirements for the CE mark Di
104. umber of different radiation sources This is done on line automatically by the camera The following object parameters must however be supplied for the camera e The emissivity of the object e The reflected apparent temperature e The distance between the object and the camera e The relative humidity e Temperature of the atmosphere 16 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much radiation is emitted from the object compared to that from a per fect blackbody of the same temperature Normally object materials and surface treatments exhibit emissivity ranging from approx imately 0 1 to 0 95 A highly polished mirror surface falls below 0 1 while an oxidized or painted surface has a higher emissivity Oil based paint regardless of color in the visi ble spectrum has an emissivity over 0 9 in the infrared Human skin exhibits an emissiv ity 0 97 to 0 98 Non oxidized metals represent an extreme case of perfect opacity and high reflexivity which does not vary greatly with wavelength Consequently the emissivity of metals is low only increasing with temperature For non metals emissivity tends to be high and decreases with temperature 16 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 16 2 1 1 Step 1 Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature 1559828 r AD 23843 2
105. vision Said prism can be rotated very rapidly according to our invention and several thousands of scans per second can be accomplished In this way our invention allows com plete scanning of said field of view many times per second exceeding the frame frequency of ordinary motion pic tures Referring to the drawings the arrangement according to our invention is characterized by an image surface gen erated inside the circumscribed circle of said prism by a collecting optics 9 in FIGURE 4 Said prism is in our invention of the form of a plane parallel refractive prism which is in one case 1 shown in FIG 1 Said 5 10 15 20 30 35 e 50 55 60 70 2 prism has in our invention an even number of sides and is rotated about an axis 2 as indicated by the arrow in FIG 4 that is perpendicular to the paper in FIG 1 The said collecting optics has an optical axis 4 that in tersects said rotating axis 2 and is perpendicular thereto The image surface 5 generated by said collecting optical system is situated inside said prism Just outside the circle 3 generated by said rotating prism and on the optical axis 4 a scanning aperture 6 is located through which a radiation passes to the radiation energy respon sive clement 12 such as a photocell bolometer or the like depending upon the energy spectrum of interest When said prism rotates the scanning aperture 6 scans a line on said image surface 5 and when a corne
106. within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially ab sorbed Moreover when it arrives at the surface some of it is reflected back into the inte rior The back reflected radiation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought When the resulting geometrical series is summed the effective emissivity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as 1 p 1 7 E 1 pr When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula Ede This last relation is a particularly convenient one because it is often easier to measure reflectance than to measure emissivity directly 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 66 19 The measurement formula As already mentioned when viewing an object the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the ob ject surface Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself This description of the measurement situation as illustrated in the figure below is so far a fairly true description of t
107. xpressed as two blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration The way in which an IR image currently is displayed Expressed as two temperature values limiting the colors infrared image Gases and materials can be more or less transparent Transmission is the amount of IR radiation passing through them A number be tween 0 and 1 An isotherm showing a linear spread of colors instead of covering the highlighted parts of the image Refers to the video mode of a IR camera as opposed to the normal thermographic mode When a camera is in video mode it captures ordinary video images while thermographic images are captured when the camera is in IR mode 1559828 r AD 23843 24541 en US 51 16 Thermographic measurement techniques 16 1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature However the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tempera ture of the object but is also a function of the emissivity Radiation also originates from the surroundings and is reflected in the object The radiation from the object and the re flected radiation will also be influenced by the absorption of the atmosphere To measure temperature accurately it is therefore necessary to compensate for the ef fects of a n

User`s manual FLIR Ex series

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents