Drum Instruction Programming
Contents
1. Handheld Programmer Keystrokes Start E gt o ENT NOTE You may use the NXT and PREV keys to skip past entries for unused outputs or steps Jo B 9 STR 2 1 ENT Reset str gt 5 ENT E D R U M A Drum Inst SHFT 4 3 ORN ISG ORST E 0 ENT Preset Step DEF K0001 NEXT Handheld Programmer Keystrokes cont d Time Base DEF K0000 G E NEXT 3 y 1 DEF 0000 sHFT C 5 Hi z NEXT 1 DEF F g NEXT DEF 0000 SHFT B DEF K0000 c 2 1 0 2 0 Y B B F A DEF 0000 SHFT MLS 1 DEF K0000 1 5 0 SHET ME t a ME DEF 000 E 4 5 NEXT 0000 SHFT vig 5 NEXT DEF Koo P Next DEF 0000 SHFT Sg NEXT DEF K0000 Pa Nexr DEF 0000 o NExT DEF Koo 6 Next c c G E in DEF 0000 SHFT 2 2 NEXT Counts DEF K0000 8 6 4 NEXT utputs DEF 0000 SHFT p o NEXT Step DEF K0000 B 1 e A A o NExT DEF 0000 SHFT Ys o 4 NEXT DEF Next DEF 0000 sHFT C 5 B a NEXT DEF K0000 NEXT DEF 0000 SHFT gt 3 o NEXT DEF K0000 NEXT Y G DEF 0000 SHFT NEXT DEF2. OR the drum complete bit CTO with the Reset input When the last step is done oeocjee the drum turns on CTO which resets itself s to the preset step also resetting CTO Contact X2 still works as a manual reset The outputs of a drum are enabled any time the CPU is in run mode On program to run mode transitions the drum goes to the preset step and the outputs energize according to the pattern of that step If your application requires all outputs to be off at powerup make the preset step in the drum a reset step with all outputs off Each event based transition accepts only one contact reference for the event However this does not limit events to just one contact Just use a control relay contact such as CO for the step transition event Elsewhere in ladder logic you may use as an output coil making it dependent on many other events contacts DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition Ue 5 34 3c 72 Kera 3 c E 4 9 e oO Drum Instruction Drum Instruction Programming Drum Instruction Event Drum EDRUM EDRUM2 Control Inputs Step uA Counts per Step Event per step Output Pattern off On The Event Drum EDRUM features time based and event based step transitions It operates according to the general principles of drum operation covered in the beginning of this chapter Below is the instruction as displayed by Dir
3. Applications with relatively fast drum cycle times typically will need to be reset on powerup using the non retentive option Applications with relatively long drum cycle times may need to resume atthe previous point where operations stopped using the retentive case The default option is the retentive case This means that if you initialize scratchpad V memory the memory will be retentive DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition g Ue a2 02 33 3c 72 Kero 5 6 10 Drum Instruction Programming Drum Control Techniques Programming c on 5 p 5 D E 3 pum Drum Control Inputs Now we are ready to put together the X0 Start concepts on the previous pages and ia demonstrate general control of the drum Jog 5 Outputs instruction box The drawing to the right X Reset Iiro shows a simplified generic drum instruction Inputs from ladder logic Steps 9 J9 control the Start Jog and Reset Inputs og9goge o The first counter bit of the drum CTO for ee ceo example indicates the drum cycle is S done Oo e e e The timing diagram below shows an arbitrary timer drum input sequence and how the drum responds As the CPU enters Run mode it initializes the step number to the preset step number typically it is Step 1 When the Start input turns on the drum begins running waiting for an event and or running the t
4. a N 6 A o oo DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition g Ue e 02 33 3c 3g e Oo 5 Drum Instruction Programming Step Transitions Programming c 2 on 5 p 5 D 5 pun Drum Instruction Parameters Timer Only Transitions EDRUM operation in the F1 130 includes the following features e Upto 16 steps e Time based step transitions e Event based step transitions e Upto 16 discrete outputs per drum X Y or C type The EDRUM has 16 steps and each step has 16 outputs Refer to the figure below Each output can be either an X Y or C coil offering a lot of programming flexibility We assign Step 1 an arbitrary unique output pattern Off On as shown When programming the EDRUM instruction you also determine both the output assignment and the On Off state pattern at that time All steps use the same output assignment but each step may have its own unique output pattern Drums move from one step to another based on time and or an external event input Each step has its own transition condition which you assign during the drum instruction entry The figure below shows how timer only transitions work Stepi Outputs 6500eo0eo0o0oooeeooo Increment count timer Has counts per step expired
5. P SHFT Next DEF 0000 SHFT Y H NEXT F G E MLS 7 DEF K0000 5 8 6 4 c c A DEF 0000 SHFT NEXT H 2 2 0 DEF K0000 8 4 4 7 NEXT DEF 0000 NEXT DEF K0000 NEXT NEXT DEF 0000 DEF K0000 NEXT DEF 0000 NEXT DEF NEXT unused steps NEXT amp DEF 000 DEF K0000 NEXT 16 DEFO0000 NEXT 16 DEF K0000 NEXT ey STR CNT o BE Last rung SHFT o NEXT NOTE You may use the NXT and PREV keys to skip past entries for unused outputs or steps DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition
6. Step 2 Outputs O0 00000000000000 Use next transition criteria The drum stays in Step 1 for a specific duration user programmable The timebase of the timer is programmable from 0 01 seconds to 99 99 seconds This establishes the resolution or the duration of each tick of the clock Each step uses the same timebase but has its own unique counts per step which you program When the counts for Step 1 have expired then the drum moves to Step 2 The outputs change immediately to match the new pattern for Step 2 The drum spends a specific amount of time in each step given by the formula Time in step 0 01 seconds X Timebase x Counts per step DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition Drum Instruction Programming 6 5 For example if you program a5 second time base and 12 counts for Step 1 then the drum will spend 60 seconds in Step 1 The maximum time for any step is given by the formula Max Time per step 0 01 seconds X 9999 X 9999 999 800 seconds 277 7 hours 11 6 days c 3 J o e c G e 5 NOTE When first choosing the timebase resolution a good rule of thumb is to make it about 1 10 the duration of the shortest step in your drum Then you will be able to optimize the duration of that step in 1096 increments Other steps with longer durations allow optimizing by even smaller increments percentage wise Also note that the drum instruction executes o
7. K0000 NEXT MLS 6 skip DEF 0000 SHFT pem H 7 NExT DEF Ko000 unused steps DEF 0000 SHFT 5 3 NEXT DEF K0000 NEXT 16 DEF 0000 SHFT am B 4 NEXT 16 DEF K0000 NEXT Continued on next page DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition Drum Instruction Programming Handheld Programmer Keystrokes cont d Handheld Programmer Keystrokes cont d 5 ki d event 1 DEF0000 Next skip over unused even 1 c p DEF K0000 NEXT step 1 pattern 0000 2E Y E pas DEF 0000 SHFT NEXT J B c E MLS 4 DEF K0000 9 8 1 2 NEXT S DEF 0000 SHFT D B NEXT J E cg SET 1 DEF 0000 8 5 NEXT J DEF 0000 SHFT c NEXT E E H G Q SET 2 DEF K0000 4 4 7 6 NEXT DEF 0000 SHFT 2 o DEF B G J NEXT 5 1 6 9 DEF 0000 SHFT R NEXT J D E D 2 1 DEF K0000 NEXT 9 3 4 3 SHET X DEF 0000 SET 0 DEF 000 E E 4 4 8 6 DEF 0000 SHFT F NEXT J E F J Eveni SET 5 Output DEF 9 o NEXT SHFT X D NEXT Pattern 0000 SET 3 DEF
8. Drum Instruction Programming In This Chapter Introduction Step Transitions Overview of Drum Operation Drum Control Techniques Drum Instruction E oO oc 9 e oO Drum Instruction Introduction Purpose Drum Terminology Drum Instruction Programming The Event Drum EDRUM instruction in the F1 130 CPU electronically simulates an electro mechanical drum sequencer The instruction offers enhancements to the basic principle which we describe first Drum instructions are best suited for repetitive processes that consist of a finite number of steps They can do the work of many rungs of ladder logic with elegant simplicity Therefore drums can save a lot of programming and debugging time We introduce some terminology associated with the drum instruction by describing the original mechanical drum shown below The mechanical drum generally has pegs on its curved surface The pegs are populated in a particular pattern representing a set of desired actions for machine control A motor or solenoid rotates the drum a precise amount at specific times During rotation stationary wipers sense the presence of pegs present on absent off This interaction makes or breaks electrical contact with the wipers creating electrical outputs from the drum The outputs are wired to devices on a machine for On Off control Drums usually have a finite number of positions within one rotation ca
9. _ LILILI LI LI LI Li LI OU ed ah ap 2 ko 4 4 o Om 5 lco m m 923 1 m ipm mi mii im m k120 o m w 8 x6 i m a 20 ba D D ee eo eo 10 C m 11 ko lezo xm 12 LI LI LI LI 13 14 E 15 LI LI LI LI LI LI LI LI D E LJ LI LI LJ 18 0 CT10 YO J ow DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition c E 4 9 e oO Drum Instruction Handheld Programer Drum Mnemonics Drum Instruction Programming The EDRUM instruction may be programmed using either DirectSOFT or a handheld programmer This section covers entry via the handheld programmer Refer to the DirectSOFT manual for drum instruction entry using that tool First enter Store instructions for the ladder rungs controlling the drum s ladder inputs In the example to the right the timer drum s Start Jog and Reset inputs are controlled by XO X1 and X2 respectively The required keystrokes are listed beside the mnemonic T
10. ansitions of the Jog input increments the step Start may be either on or off however Reset must be off Two jogs takes the drum to step three Next the Start input turns on and the drum begins running normally During step 6 another Jog input signal occurs This increments the drum to step 7 setting the timer to 0 The drum begins running immediately in step 7 because Start is already on The drum advances to step 8 normally As the drum enters step 14 the Start input turns off Two more Jog signals moves the drum to step 16 However note that a third Jog signal is required to move the drum through step 16 to drum complete Finally a Reset input signal arrives which forces the drum into the preset step and turns off the drum complete bit Jog Reset Jog Jog Drum drum drum drum Complete Inputs Start 0 1 Jog 0 Li Reset H Drum Status Step 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 67 8 14 15 16 16 16 1 Drum Complete CTO H Outputs x 16 k f Applications often require drums that X gt art automatically start over once they Setup complete a cycle This is easily Start Info do accomplished using the drum complete x Steps d qo bit In the figure to the right the drum Reset Sas IRSE instruction setup is for CTO so we logically
11. e appropriate step number defined as the preset step c E 5 o n c G fe E m Laststep Outputs eeeocooeooeoceeece Are transition conditions met Timer and or Event criteria Set Drum Complete bit Y gt Complete Outputs Reset Input Active Yes Reset CTO 0 Reset Drum Complete bit Go to Preset Step DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition c E 4 9 e oO Drum Instruction Drum Instruction Programming Overview of Drum Operation Drum Instruction drum instruction utilizes various inputs and outputs in addition to the drum Block Diagram pattern itself Refer to the figure below Inputs Realtime Inputs from ladder Programming Selections DRUM INSTRUCTION Outputs Block Diagram Start Jog Reset Preset Step Final Drum Outputs z Step Counts Step Step Pointer Control Timebase 00000000 0000000 ooooeooo3 Oeeee eoo eeeocoooo Events Counter Pattern Counter Assignments m CTO Counts in step V1000 XXXX m CTI Timer Value V1001 XXXX gt CT2 Preset Step V1002 XXXX CT3 Current Step V1003 XXXX The drum instruction accepts several inputs f
12. ectSOFT Counter Number Step Preset Discrete Output Assignment Timebase Start Jog Step Preset 001 seciCount Reset Step Count Event 1 Kdddc Eeeee Kode Eeeee The Event Drum features 16 steps and 16 discrete outputs Step transitions occur on timed and or event basis The jog input also advances the step on each off to on transition Time is specified in counts per step and events are specified as discrete contacts Unused steps must be programmed with counts per step 0 and event 00000 The discrete output points may be individually assigned Whenever the Start input is energized the drum s timer is enabled As long as the event is true for the current step the timer runs during that step When the step count equals the counts per step the drum transitions to the next step This process stops when the last step is complete or when the Reset input is energized The drum enters the preset step chosen upon a CPU program to run mode transition and whenever the Reset input is energized Drum Parameters Field Data Types Ranges Counter Number aa 0 74 Preset Step bb K 1 16 Timer base 0 01 99 99 seconds Counts per step dddd K 0 9999 Event eeee X Y C S T CT see page 4 29 Discrete Outputs ffff X Y C see page 4 29 DL105 PLC Us
13. er Manual 3rd Edition Drum Instruction Programming Drum instructions use four counters in the CPU The ladder program can read the counter values for the drum s status The ladder program may write a new preset step number to CT n 2 at any time However the other counters are for monitoring Us purposes only Counter Number Ranges of Function Counter Bit Function 3s CT n 0 74 Counts in step CTn Drum Complete a 1 1 75 Timer value CT n 1 not used 2 2 76 Preset Step CT n 2 not used CT 3 3 77 Current Step CT n 1 not used The following ladder program shows the EDRUM instruction in a typical ladder program as shown by DirectSOFT Steps 1 through 11 are used and all sixteen output points are used The preset step is step 1 The timebase runs at K100 x 0 01 0 1 second per count Therefore the duration of step 1 is 5 x 0 1 0 5 seconds Note that step 1 is time based only event KO000 And the output pattern for step 1 programs all outputs off which is a typically desirable powerup condition In the last rung the Drum Complete bit CT4 turns on output YO upon completion of the last step step 10 A drum reset also resets CT4 Ladder View fill Ladder Mi EDRUMETi Step Preset 0 01 seciCount md step count
14. hese keystrokes precede the EDRUM instruction mnemonic Note that the ladder rungs for Start Jog and Reset inputs are not limited to being single contact rungs Handheld Start Setup Outputs j Jog Info Mask Ode goo Reset StePs 5 do dad odode eeceed oeeceo oeecee e o o e e oejec o e Programmer Keystrokes Store ai gt A ENT 0 Repeat for Store X1 and Store X2 After the Store instructions enter the EDRUM using Counter as shown Handheld Programmer Keystrokes EDRUM CNTO seer 6 0 is M ORST ENT After entering the EDRUM mnemonic as above the handheld programmer creates an input form for all the drum parameters The input form consists of approximately fifty or more default mnemonic entries containing DEF define statements The default mnemonics are already input for you so they appear automatically Use the NXT and PREV keys to move forward and backward through the form Only the editing of default values is required thus eliminating many keystrokes The entries required for the basic timer drum are in the chart below Drum Parameters ple En Mnemonic Entry ue c RD Ranges Start Input STR plus input rung Jog Input STR plus input rung Reset Input STR
15. imer depends on the setup After the drum enters Step 2 Reset turns On while Start is still On Since Reset has priority over Start the drum goes to the preset step Step 1 Note that the drum is held inthe preset step during Reset and that step does not run respond to events or run the timer until Reset turns off After the drum has entered step 3 the Start input goes off momentarily halting the drum s timer until Start turns on again Start Reset Hold Resume Drum Reset drum drum drum drum Complete drum i Y Y nputs Start 0 1 Jog 0 H 1 Reset 0 H Drum Status Step 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 4 i 15 16 16 16 1 1 Drum Complete CTO Outputs x 16 When the drum completes the last step Step 16 in this example the Drum Complete bit CTO turns on and the step number remains at 16 When the Reset input turns on it turns off the Drum Complete bit and forces the drum to enter the preset step NOTE The timing diagram shows all steps using equal time durations Step times can vary greatly depending on the counts step programmed DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition Self Resetting Drum Initializing Drum Outputs Using Complex Event Step Transitions Drum Instruction Programming In the figure below we focus on how the Jog input works on event drums To the left of the diagram note that the off to on tr
16. ition types among all the steps of the drum For example you might want Step 1 to transition on an event Step 2 to transition on time only and Step 3 to transition on both time and an event Furthermore you may elect to use only part of the 16 steps and only part of the 16 outputs gt Stepi Outputs 60o0oceoeooooeeooo Is Step event true Step2 Outputs OOO 0000000000000 Use next transition criteria Each drum instruction uses the resources of four counters in the CPU When programming the drum instruction you select the first counter number The drum also uses the next three counters automatically The counter bit associated with the first counter turns on when the drum has completed its cycle going off when the drum is reset These counter values and the counter bit precisely indicate the progress of the drum instruction and can be monitored by your ladder program Suppose we program a timer drum to have Counter Assignments 8 steps and we select CT10 for the CT10 Counts instep v1010 1528 counter number remember counter numbering is in octal Counter usage is CT11 Timer Value V1011 0200 shown to the right The right column holds CT12 Preset Step V1012 0001 typical values interpreted below CT13 Current Step V1013 0004 CT10 shows that we are at the 1528th count in the current step which is step 4 shown in CT13 If we have
17. lled steps Each step represents some process step At powerup the drum resets to a particular step The drum rotates from one step to the next based on a timer or on some external event During special conditions a machine operator can manually increment the drum step using a jog control on the drum s drive mechanism The contact closure of each wiper generates a unique on off pattern called a sequence designed for controling a specific machine Because the drum is circular it automatically repeats the sequence once per rotation Applications vary greatly and a particular drum may rotate once per second or as slowly as once per week Wipers Drum Outputs RN Electronic drums provide the benefits of mechanical drums and more For example they have a preset feature that is impossible for mechanical drums The preset function lets you move from the present step directly to any other step on command DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition Drum Chart Representation Output Sequences Drum Instruction Programming For editing purposes the electronic drum is presented in chart form in DirectSOFT and in this manual Imagine slicing the surface of a hollow drum cylinder between two rows of pegs then pressing it flat Now you can view the drum as a chart as shown below Each row represents a step numbered 1 through 16 Each column represents an output numbered 0 through 15 t
18. nce per CPU scan Therefore it is pointless to specify a drum timebase that is much faster than the CPU scan time Timer and Event Step transitions may also occur based on time and or external events The figure Transitions below shows how step transitions work in these cases 4 Stepi Outputs 600oeoeooooeeooo Is Step event true Yes Increment count timer Has step counts expired Step2 Outputs OO0 0000000000000 Use next transition criteria When the drum enters Step 1 it sets the output pattern as shown Then it begins polling the external input programmed for that step You can define event inputs as X Y or discrete point types Suppose we select for the Step 1 event input If XO is off then the drum remains in Step 1 When is On the event criteria is met and the timer increments The timer increments as long as the event X0 remains true When the counts for Step 1 have expired then the drum moves to Step 2 The outputs change immediately to match the new pattern for Step 2 DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition c E oO oc e oO Drum Instruction Event Only Transitions Counter Assignments Drum Instruction Programming Step transitions do not require both the event and the timer criteria programmed for each step You have the option of programming just one of the two and even mixing trans
19. o match word bit numbering The solid circles in the chart represent pegs On state in the mechanical drum and the open circles are empty peg sites Off state OUTPUTS STEP 15 14 131211 109 8 7 65 4 3 2 1 0 1 Oeoeoocecooddecoeoo 2 O O e O o o 3 oOweeoeeceeoooooooo0 4 eeoeeoceoeooooooese 5 O Q O e O O e O e oO e o e o o e 6 e O e O e e e o e 7 O e o e e e e o e e e o e 8 e00 0000000007000 9 OQgogoocoeeocoogeooo 10 1 eogooecocdoogoeoocooceo 12 13 ogeococdgdoogogdoeeoceo 14 ee 15 e 9009000000000000 16 jOgecocdo e o e o e eo o e The mechanical drum sequencer derives its name from sequences of control changes onits electrical outputs The following figure shows the sequence of On Off controls generated by the drum pattern above Compare the two and you will find thatthey are equivalent If you can seetheir equivalence you are well on your way to understanding drum instruction operation Step 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Output 0 O oa A5 CQ o
20. ogress through its control cycle The DL105 has 64 counters CTO CT77 in octal Events Either an X Y C S T or CT type discrete point serves as step transition inputs Each step has its own event However programming the event is optional WARNING The outputs of a drum are enabled any time the CPU is in Run Mode The Start Input does not have to be on and the Reset input does not disable the outputs Upon entering Run Mode drum outputs automatically turn on or off according to the pattern of the current step of the drum This initial step number depends on the counter memory configuration non retentive versus retentive The choice ofthe starting step on powerup and program to run mode transitions are important to consider for your application Please refer to the following chart If the counter memory is configured as non retentive the drum is initialized the same way on every powerup or program to run mode transition However if the counter memory is configured to be retentive the drum will stay in its previous state Initialization on Powerup Counter Number Function Non Retentive Case Retentive Case CT n Current Step Initialize 0 Use Previous no Count change CT n 1 Counter Timer Initialize 0 Use Previous no Value change CT n 2 Preset Step Initialize Preset Step Use Previous no change CT n 3 Current Step Initialize Preset Step Use Previous no change
21. or step control the main control of the drum The inputs and their functions are Start The Start input is effective only when Reset is off When Start is on the drum timer runs if it is in a timed transition and the drum looks for the input event during event transitions When Start is off the drum freezes in its current state Reset must remain off and the drum outputs maintain their current on off pattern Jog The jog input is only effective when Reset is off Start may be either on or off The jog input increments the drum to the next step on each off to on transition Reset The Reset input has priority over the Start input When Reset is on the drum moves to its preset step When Reset is off then the Start input operates normally Preset Step A step number from 1 to 16 that you define typically is step 1 The drum moves to this step whenever Reset is on and whenever the CPU first enters run mode DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition wee TN Powerup State of Drum Registers Drum Instruction Programming e Counts Step The number of timer counts the drum spends in each step Each step has its own counts parameter However programming the counts step is optional Timer Value the current value of the counts step timer Counter The counter number specifies the first of four consecutive counters which the drum uses for step control You can monitor these to determine the drum s pr
22. plus input rung Drum Mnemonic DRUM CNT aa K 0 74 Preset Step 1 bb DEF K0000 K 1 16 Timer base 1 cccc DEF K0000 K 2 9999 Output points 16 fff DEF 0000 X Y C see page 4 29 Counts per step 16 dddd DEF K0000 K 0 9999 Events 16 dddd DEF K0000 X Y C S see page T CT 4 29 Output pattern 16 gggg DEF K0000 K 0 FFFF NOTE Default entries for output points and events are DEF 0000 which means they are unassigned If you need to go back and change an assigned output as unused again enter K0000 The entry will again show as DEF 0000 DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition Drum Instruction Programming Using the DRUM entry chart two pages before we show the method of entry for the basic time event drum instruction First we convert the output pattern for each step to the equivalent hex number as shown the following example Ue e3 Step 1 Outputs O0 00000000000000 SE 3c rts to 2 converts to 15 9 1 A 9 59 2 The following diagram shows the method for entering the previous EDRUM example on the HHP The default entries of the form are in parenthesis After the drum instruction entry on the fourth row the remaining keystrokes over write the numeric portion of each default DEF statement NOTE Drum editing requires Handheld Programmer firmware version 1 7 or later
23. programmed step 4 to have 3000 counts then the step is just over half completed CT11 is the count timer shown in units of 0 01 seconds So each least significant digit change represents 0 01 seconds The value of 200 means that we have been in the current count 1528 for 2 seconds 0 01 x 100 Finally CT12 holds the preset step value which was programmed into the drum instruction When the drum s Reset input is active it presets to step 1 in this case The value of CT12 changes only if the ladder program writes to it or the drum instruction is edited and the program is restarted Counter bit CT10 turns on when the drum cycle is complete and turns off when the drum is reset DL105 PLC User Manual 3rd Edition 6 7 Drum Instruction Programming Last Step The last step in a drum sequence may be any step number since partial drums are Completion valid Refer to the following figure When the transition conditions of the last step are met the drum sets the counter bit corresponding to the counter named in the drum instruction box such as CTO Then it moves to a final drum complete state The drum outputs remain in the pattern defined for the last step Having finished a drum cycle the Start and Jog inputs have no effect at this point The drum leaves the drum complete state when the Reset input becomes active or on a program to run mode transition It resets the drum complete bit such as CTO and then goes directly to th
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