Crop Module: Chilli Peppers
Contents
1. Red Tractor 64 Assurance for Farms amp Sr Fresh Produce Scheme O1 O SURA Red Tractor Effective 15 September 2015 N Assurance Red Tractor 2 Assurance for Farms amp Fresh Produce Scheme Welcome been written to complement and avoid duplicating the generic principles of the Red Tractor Farm Assurance Fresh Produce Scheme standards It is advisable to read the Red Tractor Farm Assurance Fresh Produce standards before reading this crop specific module This module is designed to stimulate thought in the mind of the reader It contains crop specific guidance and standards where applicable in addition to the requirements stated in the generic Fresh Produce standards T crop specific module for chilli peppers has Within this module the important requirements outlined in the crop specific standards section will be verified during the Red Tractor Farm Assurance assessment and compliance will form a part of the certification approval decision Disclaimer and trade mark acknowledgement Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy Assured Food Standards does not accept any responsibility for errors and omissions Trade names are only used in this module where use of that specific product is essential All such products are annotated and all trademark rights are hereby acknowledged Notes Pesticide Information The Red Tractor Fresh Produce team has been working with Fera to provide tailored2. Pseudomonaslachrymans Rare occurs at high temps gt 24 C Keep plants dry APPROVED USES NOT INCLUDED ON THE PRODUCT LABEL In many circumstances particularly for minor crops product labels do not include all of the approved uses and growers wishing to check the approval notice of a particular product should note that this information is available using the LIAISON search accessible via their Red Tractor Farm Assurance home page after logging in A search on the Specific Off Label Approvals now EAMUs page of LIAISON by crop or product name should yield a results page A click on the product name should link to a summary of the approval information Near the bottom of the summary is the specific off label or EAMU number and this link will open up a pdf of the current document giving details of the extension of use NUTRITION Steps must be taken to minimise nutrient run off into soil and water courses The volume of run off must be measured and samples analysed Nitrate levels should be minimised in nutrient solutions applied There must be written procedures for the management and recording of incidents involving heating oil spillage RESIDUES AND CONTAMINANTS Red Tractor Farm Assurance Fresh Produce is aware that a key area in the production of fresh produce which requires continued attention by growers and their advisers is that of keeping pesticide residues to a minimum This issue is not just one o
3. Not tested but suspected from practical experience This table is based onthelatestinformation available With All crops should be walked and inspected for disease at certain formulations and under certain circumstances the information may not be true Check with the supplier of the biological agents least once every seven days If disease is overlooked or seen but no action taken then several fungicide applications may be required to bring the problem under control compared with perhaps one or two applications if prompt action is taken BOTRYTIS Preventative action decision Fungicides Control humidity lt 85 RH Keep foliage and floor dry Avoid plant damage Remove debris after trimming On young plants Avoid damage at planting Treat if damaged fenhexamid On flowers leaves branches and fruit Check humidity control and plant handling fenhexamid Treat with fungicide as soon as disease occurs Alternate chemical groups to reduce risk of resistance Notes Resistance to fungicides is becoming increasingly common Reduced disease control will occur where resistant isolates are present OTHER DISEASES Disease Comment Action Pythium root rot Young plants oes Use clean water source susceptible Phytophthora Uncommon Use clean water source Sterilise soil Avoid water logging root rot Rhizoctonia stem Uncommon Soil crops Sterilise soil base rot White rot ae fe Sclerotinia Mainly in soil grown crops Remov
4. standard treatment Amblyseiusdegenerans b difficult to establish Orius spp c for corrective action Verticilliumlecanii Vertalec d only the indigenous species In some instances biological controls are not available and suitable pesticides may be necessary Pest Active ingredient Notes a fatty acids Harmful to beneficial insects b pymetrozine risk to aquatic life harmful to beneficial insects c pyrethrins Product Phytoseiulus Encarsia Aphidius Ambly seius BumbleBees O m nom pue aon mum aan OO ewes 1 we s we o D Lames ss s s s _ DISEASE CONTROL Certain diseases are relatively common and occur on many holdings each year The procedure for the control of the common disease problems is given in detail The procedure for other diseases is given in outline and further technical advice should be sought as necessary Key S Safe but as a precaution bee hives should be covered before applications Number of days l Intermediate It cannot be emphasised too strongly that regular crop monitoring with rapid and accurate disease identification and an appropriate rapid response involving cultural changes a glasshouse environmental change removal of the affected plant or a fungicide treatment is essential to fulfil the objective of minimising fungicide use H Harmful Beehives should be removed pre application Not tested assume harmful unless evidence to the contrary
5. at least once a week and records kept of each inspection All nursery staff should be alert to fresh pest or disease symptoms or signs of imbalance with biological control mechanisms PEST DISEASE AND WEED CONTROL SPECIFIC HYGIENE MEASURES Previous cropping A high volume insecticide spray should be applied to the remnants of the previous crop at the last practical opportunity using a short persistence synthetic pyrethroid insecticide At the end of cropping fog or fumigate the crop with a suitable disinfectant Remove the crop weeds and all debris within 2 days of treatment and dispose of them by removing off site ensure the load is covered The plastic sheeting should be removed where possible as the risk of carry over of disease organisms has to be carefully considered in relation to its re use on site Wash down the glass and the structure inside the glasshouse and then treat with a suitable disinfectant e g Panacide Ter Special Jet 5 or Zal In the cases of previous leaf miner or leafhopper problems a high volume spray of a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide should be applied to bare ground walls and structure when all equipment has been removed Persistent pyrethroid insecticides should not be used because of their possible effects on biological control agents In the case of previous whitefly problems fumigate the empty glasshouse with nicotine Warm climatic conditions are necessary for successful fum
6. has emerged since the last review was completed and which have been found to be both workable by the grower and beneficial to the environment The aim is to transfer such information and technologies to growers Acknowledgements Red Tractor Farm Assurance Fresh Produce gratefully acknowledges the contribution of all consultees in the preparation of this protocol particularly Debbie M Johnson Front cover image credit Debbie Johnson Westshore Chillies ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AGAINST CURRENT STANDARDS 02 CROP SPECIFIC STANDARDS 02 CHOICE OF VARIETY OR ROOTSTOCK AND PLANT HEALTH CERTIFICATION 03 SITE AND SOIL MANAGEMENT 03 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CONTAMINATION CONTROL 03 PEST DISEASE AND WEED CONTROL 04 NUTRITION 08 RESIDUES AND CONTAMINANTS 08 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AGAINST CURRENT STANDARDS None for this crop module CROP SPECIFIC STANDARDS STANDARDS CQ 65 a There must be designated areas for eating drinking smoking which are separate to the cropping areas CQ 65 b Records must be kept of introduction of biological control agents CQ 65 c Steps must be taken to minimise nutrient run off into soil and water courses CQ 65 d Written procedures must be in place in case of an oil spillage RECORDS to be kept HOW YOU WILL BE MEASURED for 2 years Designated areas are clearly signed E Cropping areas are clearly signed with no eating drinking smoking signs Biological c
7. 3017 Email infofanifcc co uk Web www nifcc co uk FY SAI GLOBAL ASSURANCE SERVICES SAI Global Assurance Services Ltd PO Box 6236 Milton Keynes MK1 9ES Tel 01908 249973 Email agrifoodfasaiglobal com Web www saiglobal com assurance 4 QWFC Wales PO Box 8 Gorseland North Road Aberystwyth SY23 2WB Tel 01970 636688 Email infofawlbp co uk Web www wlbp co uk T 01932 589 800 E producefaredtractor org uk www redtractorassurance org uk
8. Trichogrammaevanescens c only the indigenous species d for corrective action Regular introduction required see HDC trial results Occasional pest only Remove affected plants Do not introduce biological control agents on leaf material a best results are obtained on young caterpillar so monitoring and early application essential b use not permitted in Guernsey An egg parasite so effective monitoring of adult moths is vital French fly Usually only a pest of crops grown Amblyseius used for WFT will normally give adequate on straw bales control Glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodesvaporariorum a Encarsia formosa c yellow sticky traps Leaf miners b Verticillium lecanii Mycotal Not usually a pest on chillies but b and c for corrective action Not usually a problem in peppers any leaf miners occurring should be identified correctly If confirmed as non indigenous species statutory control measures will be stipulated by PHSI Biological control may be permitted Spider mites a Phytoseiulus persimilis Tetranychus urticae b Feltiella acarisuga Sweet potato or tobacco Statutory control in UK inform whitefly Bemisia tabaci DEFRAS Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate b commercially available but evaluation continuing Treatments as for glasshouse whitefly may be permitted by PHSI Western flower thrips or onion thrips Franklinielia occidentalis or Thrips tabaci Amblyseiuscucumeris a
9. access to the LIAISON database for all Red Tractor Fresh Produce members This system allows individual growers access to all information for plant protection products approved for use under the Red Tractor Fresh Produce Scheme LIAISON can be accessed under the Produce tab via the Checkers and Services page where you will also find a user manual Searches will be filtered specifically for the crops for which you are registered Once you have logged onto the site and clicked on the LIAISON hyperlink you will be directed to the LIAISON home screen You will need a username and password and these will be sent once you have registered http assurance redtractor org uk rtassurance services Registration members eb General Introduction Following a systematic approach will help growers identify and manage the risks involved in crop production This module is based on a typical crop production process and food safety health amp safety environmental and quality hazards are identified Appropriate controls may then be established to minimise risk Food safety and health amp safety issues always take precedent over quality and environmental controls The layout of this module follows the same structure as that used in the Red Tractor Farm Assurance Fresh Produce Standards The content of the module is reviewed prior to the issue of updated editions The review process considers both new developments and all relevant technology which
10. d be assessed regularly to monitor the pest situation Trays containing the new season s plants should be placed only on a clean surface e g new polythene disinfected and rinsed concrete Hygiene No smoking No food signs must be displayed on glasshouses and staff must be provided with clearly defined areas in which to eat and drink Staff should be informed of the effects and the need to follow hygiene measures after handling damaged fruit Use of bumblebee pollinators in protected crops The bumblebees used for pollinating protected salad crops are of a species which is not native to the UK and can only be supplied and used under a licence from Natural England Growers using bumblebees will be made aware by the suppliers of the requirements necessary to comply with this licence and should adhere to these requirements ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION amp CONTAMINATION CONTROL THE BASIC APPROACH TO CROP PROTECTION Key principles of integrated crop management 1 Biological environmental and cultural methods of pest and disease control must be used as the first line of defence 2 Chemical pesticides are to be used only when biological controls are not available or shown not to be working 3 The crops should be monitored at least weekly and records made of pest disease and biological control organism levels 4 Records must be kept of introduction of biological control agents 5 Climate control computers sho
11. e affected parts Sterilise soil Serious problem in Holland u Powdery mildew recently recorded in UK Verticillium wilt Rare Mainly soil crops Sterilise soil Common in Holland less so Tomato mosaic in UK to date Wide range of Choose resistant variety Dip hands in skimmed milk solution when working virus TMV symptoms e g blotchy ripening crop in the early stages Remove affected plants pumpy fruit leaf mosaic Cucumber mosaic Uncommon Easily confused Conical aohid vectors virus CMV with TMV P Tomato spotted wilt Increasing risk Symptoms can virus TSWV be similar to CMV Control WFT vector Remove affected plants Control weeds Mostly in soil grown crops Olpidium vector No fruit Sterilise soil Use clean water source symptoms described Pepper yellow veins virus Notes Soil Sterilisation with methyl bromide is no longer permitted LESS COMMON DISEASES Disease Comment Action Verticillium wilt Rare mostly in soil crops but recently Sterilise soil Remove affected plants in rockwool Fusarium wilt Increasing Mostly in soil crops but Sterilise soil Remove affected plants recently in rockwool Downy mildew Occasional can be devastating y spreads very quickly Alternaria Stemphylium Uncommon and Ulocladium leaf spots Check imported plants Control humidity and keep plants dry Spray fenhexamid Remove affected leaves control humidity and keep plants dry Angular leaf spot 3 o
12. f meeting the MRL trading standard but ensuring that any individual or multi residues are kept as low as possible below this level The key targets are optimising late applications of fungicides and insecticides to the edible part of the crop optimising the use of post harvest treatments m ensuring minimum harvest intervals are followed m ensuring that application equipment products correctly is applying Currently there are no residue issues associated with this crop but awareness needs to be maintained for any future issues NOTES Red Tractor Assurance for Farms Crop specific Module Peppers Chilli Assured Food Standards 2015 Certification Body Beef and Lamb Certification NSF Certification Hanborough Business Park Long Hanborough Oxford OX29 8SJ Tel 01993 885739 Email agriculturefansf org Web www nsf foodeurope com SFQC SFQC Ltd Royal Highland Centre 10th Avenue Ingliston Edinburgh EH28 8NF Tel 0131 335 6605 Email redtractorfasfqc co uk Web www sfqc co uk e kiwa Partner for progress Kiwa PAI The Inspire Hornbeam Square West Harrogate North Yorkshire HG2 8PA Tel 01423 878878 Email paienquiriesfakiwa co uk Web www kiwa co uk pai Fa NIFCC Northern Ireland Lissue House 31 Ballinderry Rd Lisburn Northern Ireland BT28 2SL Tel 028 9263
13. igation Equipment Thoroughly clean picking boxes trolleys tractor tyres footwear and any associated tools and equipment Treat them with a disinfectant as listed above Wash clothing and gloves Store cleaned boxes and equipment carefully to avoid re contamination After using disinfectants in the glasshouse thoroughly ventilate the house to remove all traces of vapour Rinse picking trays with water after treating with disinfectant PEST CONTROL Biological control Exterior Destroy all weeds around the glasshouse before the new crop arrives and at regular intervals during the season using non hormone weed killers of short persistence or mowing Several common weeds e g chickweed sowthistle and dandelion are known hosts of tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV and could act as a source of this virus for the pepper crop Weeds may also be a means of carry over of other virus disease e g TMV CMV of powdery mildew and of various pests The table below lists the available biological control measures The rates of introduction of biological agents should be based on the supplier s recommendations Control Aphids a Aphidiuscolemani Peach potato b Aphidius ervi Melon cotton c Aphidoletesaphidimyza Aphis gossepii d Verticilliumlecanii Vertalec Broad mite a Amblyseius cucumeris Polyphago b remove small foci of affected tarsonemuslatus plants Caterpillar a Bacillusthuringiensis b
14. ontrol introduction records Feed tanks should be bunded to Records of volume reduce leakage of run off Run off sample analysis records Adequate procedure to prevent Records of oil spillages environmental contamination Red Tractor Assurance for Farms Crop specific Module Peppers Chilli Assured Food Standards 2015 Eza GUIDANCE CHOICE OF VARIETY OR ROOTSTOCK AND PLANT HEALTH CERTIFICATION PROPAGATION Growers should formalise the supply contract with their propagators stipulating pesticides that can be used Growers should visit the propagator to inspect his plants Growers ensure the supplier adheres to the contractual requirements by requesting crop treatment records and making inspection visits Plants should be carefully inspected on delivery and any concerns complaints notified immediately to the propagator Propagators should be members of an audited scheme such as Global G A P to ensure quality and health standards SITE AND SOIL MANAGEMENT New Crop Establishment For soil grown crops the soil should be sterilised with steam or other suitable sterilant as and when necessary for control of weeds and root diseases Annual treatment will generally be necessary to reduce the risk of root diseases Greenhouses should be washed down old sticky traps strings and irrigation tape removed and replaced As soon as the new crop arrives further sticky traps should be hung in each glasshouse and these shoul
15. pproved for use on the appropriate protected crop under Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT TRAINING Pest and disease identification Staff working regularly on protected crops should be able to recognise the following pests and diseases Powdery mildew Downy mildew Botrytis grey mould on leaves stems and fruit Black stem rot Didymella syn Mycosphaeralla Penicillium stem rot Pythium root and stem base rot Various relevant virus diseases Glasshouse whitefly Spider mites and other mites Caterpillar damage Leaf miner damage Thrips Staff should know who to report to when the above pests and diseases or other problems regularly found on a particular nursery are first detected during the season Managers and supervisors should appreciate the relative risk to their crops from the relevant pests and diseases In service training Training in identification of pests and diseases their damage and their biological controls and an appreciation of the objectives of this protocol should be given to each new member of staff All staff working on the nursery both regular and casual should be instructed as necessary to satisfy COSHH requirements with respect to pesticide treatments and to satisfy the requirements of the General Food Hygiene Regulations Regular crop inspections Monitoring Monitoring of diseases is of vital importance It is essential that all crops are walked
16. uld be used to ensure a suitable environment is maintained at all times 6 Records must be kept of all pesticide applications Adaptation for new pests and diseases The occurrence of a new disease or pest problem is largely unpredictable It may arise for example when a previously non indigenous disease or pest becomes established in the UK with a change in variety or cropping practice e g switch from soil to substrate cropping or when a pathogen pest previously controlled by a particular pesticide develops resistance In all these situations it may be necessary to implement additional pesticide treatments A proposed schedule for controlling new pest or disease problems in order of priority is described below The key objective is that the organism is controlled by means of a change in glasshouse environment crop culture biological or other non chemical method In some situations however it is possible that additional use of pesticides may be necessary at least in the short term or until a suitable alternate variety with genetic resistance is available Such new varieties should be incorporated into the cropping programme as they become available providing they meet the end market specifications The new pest or disease situation may be controlled with the biological control measures If none of these pesticides provide effective control advice should be sought on a suitable alternative product currently a
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