trunk/doc/Snowpack_Win_manual_9.x → /trunk/doc
Contents
1. Having changed some of the values in the edit boxes the OK button has to be pressed in order to transfer the changes to the active split frame or to all open split frames if the synchronization mode Section 4 4 2 5 is on Format errors will be communicated to the user and may be corrected Clicking Cancel exits the ee frame without penne the proposes EE in the split frame Immo NN E xX Temperature End Value i c Start Value 20 0 C Partition Lines Figure 11 Dialog window to change the settings of the x axis in the right part of a split frame 25 Menu Display Value Range Y Axis When clicked a dialog frame very similar to that displayed in Figure 11 pops up allowing the simultaneous scaling of the y axis in the left and and right hand side of the split frame The minimum Start Value and maximum End Value displayed parameter value can be reset The number of horizontal Partition Lines can also be adjusted Having changed some of the values in the edit boxes the OK button has to be pressed in order to transfer the changes to the split frame Format errors will be communicated to the user and may be corrected Clicking Cancel exits the dialog frame without implementing the proposed changes in the split frame Menu Display Zoom Y Axis 4 50 zoom of the displayed y axis range Menu Display Zoom Y Axis 200 zoom of the displayed y axis range Menu Display Y Interval2. This menu item allows to switch back and forth between the parameter choices of a reduced parameter set and the full version see 4 5 If the checkmark is visible in front of Research Menu the extended parameter set of the full version is on display 27 4 4 2 4 The Parameter Menu After the start of the SN GUI an extended set of parameter menus and submenus is available listed in the file PARMENUI INI residing in the SETUP directory See Table 1 for a review of the parameters that can currently be visualized by the SN GUI Time Animation Window Help Hand hardness xRange yRange Zoo Grain Type Temperature Grain Diameter Theta Water Density Direct Action Stability Index Natural Stability Index Sn38 Skier Stability Index Sk38 Inverse Texture Index During runtime it can be switched back and forth between the parameter choices of the reduced and the full version clicking the menu item Display Research Menu A mouse click on any of the available parameters has the consequence that either an adequate file and a new split frame are being opened or that one of the open split frames if possible the active one is used for the visualization of the new parameter If it is wished to display a new parameter in any case in a separate split frame thus two parameters related to the same data set can be displayed concurrently the relevant file should be opened another time clicking Menu File Open or Menu Fil
3. and thereafter the jpg file is created including the whole visualization frame except for the menu bar Section 4 4 2 and the speed bar Section 4 4 3 A message window informs about the successful construction of the file Menu File Create JPG PS Currently not usable 23 Menu File Memory Check When a Java program such as the SN GUI is executed the Java Virtual Machine occupies a certain amount of memory total memory The free memory is this total memory minus the memory the program actually needs to run The total memory is automatically adjusted from time to time so unpredictable fluctuations of it and also of the free memory are not uncommon Clicking on Memory Check both the total and the free memory of the Java Virtual Machine are listed in a message box Menu File Goto Start Frame Clicking this menu item results in the emergence of the start frame see Section 4 1 Menu File Exit Termination of the SN_GUI Menu File Recently Opened Filename Recently Opened File stands for any path file name The name of any file that is loaded for the first time during a SN_GUI session is appended to the list of menu items of the File menu It remains there until the SN_GUI program is terminated Clicking on any of the appended filenames causes the construction of a new split frame related to that file 4 4 2 2 The Model Menu Model Display Create Input File Model Settings These func
4. gt gt see section 4 4 1 When activating the synchronization mode the following actions are processed automatically 1 First it is checked if all open split frames refer to the same data set This is supposed to be the case if all the file names appearing in the title bars of the open split frames are equal apart from the extension which is either pro or met If the file names are not equal the synchronization mode cannot be established and an error message appears Advanced users can restrict the file name check to a selectable number of characters at the start of the file name setting the parameter SynLetters in SETUP INI to a value other than 0 2 The time ranges displayed in the left part of all split frames are adjusted to display the maximum time range possible and the slider button is moved to the last data record 3 The open split frames are arranged in a side a side mode see Section 4 4 2 7 The synchronization mode is deactivated if the names of newly loaded files are not in agreement with those of open split frames When starting SN GUI the synchronization mode is by default deactivated 30 4 4 2 6 The Animation Menu Animation The Animation menu allows the user to automatically time lapse through the data set calculated by the SNOWPACK model Menu Animation Play Clicking on Play initiates the animation using the currently active animation settings listed in the Settings dialog window s
5. gae Sp E e 2500 amp H E E 200 07 o 200 0 3 3 o o j H c D H H if 7 IL ne CG 100 0 1000 7 y HO yy oe 0 500 50 0 00 0 00 00 00 22 gm x a d Grain Type 00 01 00 05 38 30 11 18 00 18 53 30 22 31 00 04 08 30 09 46 00 15 23 30 21 01 00 01 10 01 04 11 01 08 12 01 11 01 02 14 02 02 2103 02 240402 28 05 02 01 07 02 30 03 02 00 01 Klosters Gatschiefer 2310 m Snow Depth 226 31 om oe E Grain Type u oo Figure 9 Split frame for the visualization of vector data displayed parameter grain type 21 Fejsnowrack ET BE File Mode Display Snowpack Energy Flux Meteo Input Indices MassBalance TestParam Time Animation Window Help Colors Range yRange t 2500 peer M i e 5 nl 1 o F H a a a ee E 2005 3 o o c c 7 0 TTT TTT Ur IL 1l 1D 1 Q1 11 ET d 4000 E TTT ee EE See 0 o ze 45 60 00 04 00 05 38 30 41 46 00 46 53 30 223100 04 08 30 45 00 452330 24 Direct Action Stablnd dr 1 2404 02 28 05 02 01 07 02 30 03 02 00 01 Snow Depth 226 31 om 01 10 01 04 11 01 08 12 01 11 01 02 14 02 02 21 03 02 Klosters Gatschiefer 2310 m 00 10 20 30 40 50 80 Direct Action Stabind S dr 1 class 5 d 14 at 172 8 0m m O8at 3 4 on s O 8at3 4om Figure 10 Split frame for the visualization of vector data displayed parameter direct action stability ind
6. gt gt gt see Section 4 4 1 4 4 3 have to be used Menu Time 3 Days 7 Days 14 Days 30 Days and 60 Days Clicking this item changes the displayed time range to 3 7 14 30 or 60 days Menu Time Maximum Time The maximum time range available for the currently chosen parameter depending on the input file will be displayed in the left part of the split frame 29 Menu Time Other Time When clicking this menu item a user window pops up see Figure 13 which allows the display of any time ranges for which adequate data are available in the input file Start and end time year month day hour of the data display period can be entered in the relevant edit boxes OK implements the changes in the split frame and clicking Cancel exits the time dialog window without further actions Li x Chose the data display period Year Month Day Hour EX D po OK Cancel Figure 13 User window to state the start and end time of the time range to display Menu Time Synchronization Clicking this menu item allows the user to alternately activate or deactivate the synchronization mode If the synchronization mode is on a number of menu functions is simultaneously applied upon all open split frames including S Zoom functions and scaling of the y axis see Section 4 4 2 3 S Displayed time range S Movement of the slider position through mouse dragging or through clicking specific buttons lt lt lt gt
7. 42 00 00 42 00 00 12 00 00 12 00 00 Time 00 01 00 17 03 02 18 03 02 49 03 02 20 03 02 2103 02 22 03 02 23 03 02 24 03 02 Date 2403 02 Klosters Gatschiefer 2310 m Wind Station Snow Station Figure 7 Split frame for the visualization of scalar data Several parameters can be displayed concurrently within the same frame in different colours in this example the wind data at two different altitudes related to the station Klosters Gatschiefer the upper curve gives the data for the higher sensor The right hand graph reveals the numerical values for the displayed parameters for the date marked by the slider position in the left part of the split frame 20 Rie Model Display Snowpack Energy Flux Meteo Input Indices MassBalance TestParam Time Animation Window Help san e EE i o y 2000 a 3 3 o o c c H KE EN 400 0 In DT WW TD i D inaasa 4 i i H XJ sss ti Zn Wd wm dE n 00 01 00 05 38 30 11 16 00 16 53 30 22 31 00 04 08 30 09 48 00 15 23 30 21 01 00 Temperature C 01 10 04 04 11 01 08 12 01 11 01 02 14 02 02 21 03 02 24 04 02 28 05 02 01 07 02 08 02 02 00 01 Klosters Gatschiefer 2310 m Snow Depth 137 47 cat 200 415 A n 425 10 0 75 50 25 00 Temperature C M S SNOWPACK i dpi xi Fie Model Display Snowpack Energy Flux Meteo Input Indices MassBalance TestParam Time Animation Window Help yRange yRange
8. K2 code Notes Example of codification for wetness 1 set W1 1 and W2 1 for wetness 1 2 set W1 1 and W2 2 Fl and F2 are coded according to the Swiss Snow Type Classification SSTC see Table 3 4 1 D2is presently not used but must be set to 1 if missing Accordingly set any other missing property to 1 e g W1 1 and W2 1 SSTC Symbol IC 1 1 2 4 2 3 s 3 4 LI A 5 5 6 V 7 7 O 6 9 a 4c Table 3 4 1 Swiss Snow Type Classification SSTC along with symbols and corresponding International Classification IC Colbeck et al 1990 3 4 1 2 Bulk Properties Here the of items is the number of layers over which bulk measurements are performed usually smaller than but at most the number of stratigraphic layers The first item on a list corresponds to the bottom layer 0921 Top of bulk layer m 0922 Snow water equivalent HW of the layer kg m Note Ifno measurements are available labels 0921 and 0922 may be either omitted or the of items set to 0 12 3 4 1 3 Profile Measurements Here the of items is the number of measurements The first item on a list corresponds to the measurement nearest to or on the ground 0951 Height of the measurement m 0952 Snow density kg m 0955 Height of the measurement m 0956 Snow liquid water content by Vol 0961 Height of the measurement m 0962 Snow temperature K Note If no measurements are av
9. i i 0 0 i Xi sss I Au n on RIE 212 oo1o203040 Grain Size mm 18 11 02 15 01 Snow Depth 312 51 03 04 00 18 46 00 10 31 00 02 16 00 18 01 00 4241 02 mum 15 14 02 mum 18 11 02 Station 1 1000 0 m 0 0 0 7 13 20 27 33 40 Grain Size wm Temperature C 18 11 02 15 01 Snow Depth 312 51 03 01 00 18 46 00 10 31 00 02 18 00 18 01 00 4241 02 mum eum mum 18 11 02 Station 1 1000 0 m FIOO TETTETETT e 20 0 17 5 15 0 125 10 0 75 50 25 00 Temperature C Figure 15 Example of split frames arranged in the side a side mode 32 Menu Window Pile Activating this menu item arranges all open split frames in the form of a staple Figure 16 All frame title bars can be spotted but the frames overlap each other and are except for the topmost frame not completely visible The synchronization see Section 4 4 2 5 is not usable if the split frames are arranged in this mode Menu Window Split Frame At the end of the Window menu a list of menu items is appended referring to the currently open split frames Clicking on any of these items is the suggested method to maximize frames Split Frame has for example the following form BED2 pro Temperature The name of the file from which the active split frame is derived is given e g BED2 pro The name of the active parameter e g Temperature is listed in brackets Numbers in front of the file names indicate t
10. of this file determine if the program is operated in the full or in the reduced mode If the first is the case the start frame see Section 4 1 appears otherwise the contents of the file StartFile resident in the SETUP directory is read This may look similar to the following StartFile Name file name to be used in reduced startup 4 windows constructed Name DATA BED2 pro This terminates SN GUI j Name exit The string after Name gives the name of the file providing the data for the initial visualization frame Four split frames referring to different parameters are constructed similar to Figure 15 using synchronization and the side a side mode The full and the reduced version are related to different sets of parameters Using Display Research Menu see Section 4 4 2 3 it can be switched back and forth between the two parameter choices 33 Appendix A Known Bugs Below is an incomplete list of known program bugs of the SN GUI Beside these some additional ones may occur sometimes depending on the used JRE version Java Runtime Environment 1 Desktop management Sizing of frames A number of problems may occur when using the buttons for frame minimization and maximization in the upper right corner of the split frames It is preferable to use Window Split Frame for maximizing frames and Window Side a Side for rearrangement once some frames were maximized Possible errors that can occur when using minimization
11. pit Profile file for objective profile comparison pro SNOWPACK output files containing vector data see Sect 4 4 1 sno File containing station characteristics and the initial state of Subdirectory SETUP Files CONSTANTS INI file containing the default settings of SNOWPACK CONSTANTS User INI File for SNOWPACK runtime settings PARDATA INI File describing specifics of each vector parameter PARDATA200 INI PARDATA201 INI PARDATA203 INI Specifics of each scalar parameter old version PARDATA203 INI Specifics of each scalar parameter actual version PARMENUI INI Menu configuration for the full version PARMENU2 INI Menu configuration for a reduced parameter set Figure 3 Review of the SN GUI file system 3 3 Meteorological Input File The format for the meteorological input file is the following MTO STN 5859Data 2 M 01 08 1958 05 00 21396 20834 9 6 0 674 0 3 356 1 0 0 0 0 2766 1 0 10 01 1 1 1 1 0 6 M 01 08 1958 06 00 21396 25000 9 6 0 675 0 8 343 0 27 1 5 3 288 7 1 0 10 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 END Here the number of meteo steps stands at the end of the top line and input data are described in Table 3 3 below Note that not required parameters should be set to 0 0 if not available Note also that this format is defined in the function ml qr ReadMeteo in Queries c and the advanced user can adapt this function to better fit existing data formats Descri
12. synchronization errors 3 Slider movement Marker In the left part of the split frame a vertical line marker is connected to the slider button can be dragged by the user attached to the slider bar underneath the x axis This marks the date for which data details are displayed in the right part of the split frame The following errors may emerge in this context S Marker Repainting of the split frame is automatically done after processing many of the menu options or clicking on the title bar of the frame If after repainting the slider is moved through mouse dragging the original marker line remains on the screen although the new one is drawn correctly It can only be removed by processing another operation related to repainting S Data gaps If data gaps exist and the marker is moved over these from left to right the data record immediately after the gap to the right of it is sometimes skipped depending on parameters such as the number of missing records odd or even 36 Dna uv t 6 Data loading File choser box If File Open is clicked when open split frames exist during the presence of the file choser box the expressions ParameterError and UnitError may appear inside the open frames They disappear as soon as the file chooser box is closed again Missing default parameter If a new data file is loaded with missing data for the default parameter generally temperature a correct error message appears bu
13. Bartelt P B and M Lehning 2002 A physical SNOWPACK model for Avalanche Warning Services Part I Numerical Model Cold Reg Sci Technol 35 3 123 145 Colbeck S C E Akitaya R Armstrong H Gubler J Lafeuille K Lied D McClung and E Morris 1990 The international classification of seasonal snow on the ground Wallingford Oxon U K International Commission on Snow and Ice ICSD International Association of Scientific Hydrology http www crrel usace army mil techpub CRREL Reports reports Seasonal Snow pdf Lehning M P B Bartelt R L Brown C Fierz and P Satyawali 2002a A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss Avalanche Warning Services Part II Snow Microstructure Cold Reg Sci Technol 35 3 147 167 Lehning M P B Bartelt R L Brown C Fierz and P Satyawali 2002b A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss Avalanche Warning Services Part III Meteorological Boundary Conditions Thin Layer Formulation and Evaluation Cold Reg Sci Technol 35 3 169 184 Lehning M C Fierz and C Lundy 2001 An objective snow profile comparison method and its application to SNOWPACK Cold Reg Sci Technol 33 253 261 Lehning M J Doorschot N Raderschall and P B Bartelt 2000 Combining snow drift and SNOWPACK models to estimate snow loading in avalanche slopes In Snow Engineering Hjorth Hansen Holand Loset amp Norem eds Balkema 113 122 Lehning M P Bartelt R L Brown T Russi U St ckli
14. SLF LE ENA SNV PNL Snowpack Win USER MANUAL Version 26 July 2006 BEE File Model Display Snowpack Energy Flux Meteolnput Indices Mass Balance TestParam Time Animation Window Help Open Close JPG Colors EAKLO3 pro xRange yRange Zoom Zoom Sync Time Play lt lt lt gt gt gt e2500 77 pee e 250 0 2 2 a E S v a a 8 8 H ee ee ane a MM 9 187 5 Ui Win m NU 125 0 of 625 00 00 04 00 05 38 30 11 16 00 46 53 30 22 34 00 04 08 30 o o 30 21 01 00 01 10 01 04 11 01 08 12 01 11 01 02 14 02 02 21 03 02 24 04 02 28 05 02 01 07 02 Klosters Gatschiefer 2310 m Grain Type 15 04 02 00 01 Snow Depth 216 71 car E o oo E e oOo Zu oo Da Lon XO Grain Type Gerald Spreitzhofer Charles Fierz Michael Lehning and Michael Schirmer WSL Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Fl elastrasse 11 CH 7260 Davos Dorf Switzerland http www slf ch General User Agreement 1 SN_GUI and SNOWPACK are programs developed by the WSL Snow and Avalanche Research SLF The functions of the programs are described in this manual The programs and the manual are protected by copyright All rights are reserved to the SLF The SLF gives the user a non exclusive non transferable and temporally unlimited right of usage as specified in a separate contract on which basis SNOWPACK and SN_GUI
15. SN GUI except for those residing in the DATA subdirectory This directory was implemented for the convenience of the user and contains after the installation of SN GUI some demo data which may be deleted Input Output files needed by the SNOWPACK model can be placed in see Section 4 3 Output File Path and read from see Section 4 4 2 1 menu File Open any directory If available the code source is contained in an additional subdirectory snowpack How to compile an executable from the source files contained in snowpack sources will depend on the user platform Main Directory Files SN_GUL bat Batch file to start the SN GUI SN GULjar Java Archive File compiled from the SN GUI source code SETUP INI File containing settings important for the SN GUI operation modelstart Script to execute the SNOWPACK model Linux starts snowpack in this directory modelstart bat Batch file to execute SNOWPACK Windows starts snowpack exe in this directory Snowpack Win pdf This user manual Y Subdirectory snowpack Files Subdirectories Debug and Release typically Project files or Makefile typically sources contains all source code files Subdirectory DATA met SNOWPACK output files containing scalar data ini File containing the SNOWPACK model settings for the corresponding met and pro files Subdirectory input Files snowpack and soil inp Meteo input file
16. Soil Data File to initialize snow and soil data usually found in DATA input relative to Model Directory or absolute path This file may have been constructed through the user interface described in section 4 3 Meteo Data Meteorological input data file usually found in DATA input relative to Model Directory or absolute path Height of Wind Values height of the wind speed sensor above the ground in m Height of Meteo Values height of meteorological sensors above the ground in m Roughness Length roughness length over snow Part 2 MODEL Some important details about the mode of model execution can be laid down Among these are the length of the internal computation time step Calculation Step Length and the determination of the boundary conditions Concerning the upper boundary condition Surface there are two choices 17 e Exclusive use of the Neumann Boundary Condition e Use of the Dirichlet Boundary Condition if the surface temperature is below zero Threshold Threshold for the measured surface temperature to automatically switch to Neumann Boundary Condition when melting is approached The choices for the bottom boundary condition Bottom are e Neumann fixed geothermal heat flux only reasonable with a sufficient number of soil layers below the snow cover e Dirichlet prescribed temperature Atmospheric Stability assumes the following stratifica
17. Up Changes start and end value of the y axis While the y axis range remains the same the new start value is the old end value Thus an upward scrolling through the data is possible by the multiple usage of this function One application of this function is to scroll through the layers of the snowpack with a constant layer depth Menu Display Y Interval Down Changes start and end value of the y axis While the y axis range remains the same the new end value is the old start value Thus a downward scrolling through the data is possible by the multiple usage of this function for instance from the upper layers of the snowpack to the lower ones with a constant layer depth Menu Display Colour Table I x Snow Temperature Blue White Red Start Value Z End Value 200 Cancel Figure 12 Colour dialog window 26 This menu item is available for split frames related to vector data only pro files see Section 4 4 1 but not for the display of grain type Clicking it the colour dialog window appears which contains several edit boxes related to the colour display When a split frame emerges for the first time it does so using default colour settings related to the displayed parameter read from the file PARDATA INI The colour dialog window allows the adjustment of these default values In the upper part of the dialog window it can be chosen among a variety of colour palettes and in the center Start Value
18. a Snow and Soil Input File In order to be able to operate the SNOWPACK model the initial condition of the snowpack and the soil for the simulation site must be known These data have to be resident in a specific file The name of this file is one of the parameters set in the user interface for launching SNOWPACK see Section 4 3 edit box labelled Snow amp Soil Data If such a file does not exist prior to a model run it can be created through the Snow and Soil Input File Creation dialog frame This user interactive frame is accessible either by pressing the button Input File in the start frame Section 4 1 or from the SNOWPACK visualization frame via Model Create Input File see Section 4 4 2 2 An example of it is displayed in Figure 5 Prior to the popup of this frame the user can by means of another dialog box decide from which source to access the default values The two choices offered are e Create New use hard coded default values e Edit File default values can be read from a previously created snow and soil input file The data input in the snow and soil input file user frame is processed in two steps S Step 1 Input of basic data First the path and name of the output file absolute path or path relative to the SN GUI directory have to be stated File Name followed by the Station Name and the SNOWPACK simulation starting date Date of Profile After the input of the starting snow depth the
19. ailable above labels may be either omitted pair wise or the of items set to 0 Though surface temperature is presently not considered in the comparison it has to be included in the list corresponding to labels 0961 and 0962 4 Operation of the SN GUI 4 1 The Start Frame SN GUI Start Frame Create Edit snow and soil input file for model run input File Define model parameters Model Settings Visualize the output of the SNOWPACK model Visualization Information about the SNOWPACK model Exit this program 13 SN GUI provides graphical tools facilitating the operation of SNOWPACK After starting the SN GUI the user is confronted with the following start frame Figure 4 Start frame of the SN GUI giving the user access to various subsystems Activating the buttons has the following effects Input File initiates a frame that allows the user friendly construction of a file containing all needed information about station characteristics and the physical properties of soil and snowpack layers Section 4 2 File creation may be based upon previously constructed files Model Settings allows the reading or adjustment of a file containing the parameters to run SNOWPACK Section 4 3 1 lt Visualization gt switches to the SNOWPACK visualization frame Section 4 4 lt Info gt will in the future provide information about the SNOWPACK model not active yet lt Exit gt quits the SN_GUI 4 2 Creation of
20. ameters can be visualized by means of the SN GUI see Table 1 A number of split frames can be displayed concurrently in the visualization frame and arranged in various ways see Section 4 4 2 7 19 The following buttons are attached to split frames X Clicking on this removes all the buttons of the split frame including the slider The buttons can be reinserted via the menu item Display Slider Buttons see Section 4 4 2 3 Moves the slider to the beginning of the displayed time range see Section 4 4 2 5 or to the time range preceding the currently displayed one Moves the slider to the data record preceding the current one gt Moves the slider to the data record following the current one gt gt Moves the slider to the end of the displayed time range or to the time range following the currently displayed one The buttons lt lt lt gt gt gt are also available on the speed bar see Section 4 4 3 Up equivalent to Display Y Interval Up see Section 4 4 2 3 Dn equivalent to Display Y Interval Down see Section 4 4 2 3 There are two main types of data and thus split frames e Scalar data resident in files with the extension met This type of parameter e g the surface temperature of snow is not related to individual layers of the snowpack The left side of the split frame is a line graph while the right hand side gives the numerical value of the displayed parameter for the sele
21. and End Value for the colour range are given The numerical values in these text fields refer to the parameter and unit listed in the currently active frame Clicking OK adjusts the colours of the active split frame according to the changed settings Cancel exits the frame without any actions Example If the colour palette Blue Green Yellow Red is chosen Start Value is 10 and End Value is 0 and the active split frame is related to temperature any snow layers with a temperature of 20 15 and 10 degrees will be painted in blue green tones will be used for 7 degrees yellow ones for 3 degrees and red ones for zero degree Menu Display Background A background colour can be chosen Choices are White Light Gray and Black Menu Display Soil Data If this menu is checked soil data if calculated and available for a specific parameter will be included in the display Menu Display Right Hand Graph If the menu is checked the right hand graph is displayed Menu Display Slider Buttons If the menu is checked slider and control buttons see Section 4 4 1 are displayed in the split frames Menu Display Speed Bar If the menu is checked the speed bar see Section 4 4 3 is visible Menu Display Status Bar If the menu is checked the status bar is visible The status bar is situated at the bottom of the visualization frame and is not yet fully functional Menu Display Research Menu
22. and M Zimmerli 1999 Snowpack model calculations for avalanche warning based upon a new network of weather and snow stations Cold Reg Sci Technol 30 1 3 145 157 Lehning M C Fierz B Brown B Jamieson 2003 Modelling Instability for the Snow Cover Model SNOWPACK Ann of Glaciol in press L tschg M P B Bartelt M Lehning V Stoeckli and W Haeberli 2003 Numerical simulation of the interaction processes between snow cover and alpine permafrost Proceedings of the 8 International Conference on Permafrost 21 25 July 2003 Zurich Switzerland in press Meirold Mautner I and M Lehning 2003 Measurement and modeling of the solar shortwave fluxes in snow on Summit Greenland J of Glaciol in press Rasmus S J R is nen and M Lehning 2003 Estimating snow conditions in Finland in the late 21 century using the SNOWPACK model with regional climate scenario data as input Ann of Glaciol in press Spreitzhofer G Lehning M and C Fierz 2004 SN GUI A graphical user interface for snowpack modelling Environmental Modelling amp Software submitted 3 Installation 3 1 Installation Process The SN GUI software package can be installed in any directory along with the subdirectories DATA SETUP and snowpack The whole structure including the files residing in the mentioned directories is described in the following section 3 2 Currently no specific batch or script files exist to process the in
23. any other previously opened frames remain in the background Clicking Side a Side displays all currently open split frames concurrently on the screen If more than three split frames are present two columns are used for the display An example of the side a side display mode is given in Figure 15 The mode is also utilized whenever the synchronization mode is on see menu Time Synchronization S SNOWPACK RS Bl x File Model Display Parameter Time Animation Window Help Open Close JPG Colors xRange yRange Zoom Zoom Time est LG Sync p ES ee mS Play lt lt 400 0 ETH EEN ie d quide see e e 2 2 2 2 a a d d H H Li E 0 0 Dm 0 0 4 XJ zll 1 H 1 H 1 1 ZIP 0 0 so00 6000 ET 1 1 D 1 1 T u SEN Grain T 03 01 00 18 46 00 40 31 00 02 18 00 18 01 00 Density kg m7 03 04 00 18 46 00 40 31 00 02 18 00 18 01 00 ren eee 18 11 02 18 11 02 15 01 Snow Depth 312 51 12 11 02 13 11 02 15 11 02 17 11 02 18 11 02 Station 1 1000 0 m 18 11 02 15 01 Snow Depth 312 51 12 11 02 13 11 02 15 11 02 17 11 02 Station 1 1000 0 m A oe e io THEE C AEL eu D A Grain Type Z IL TN A N IES 3BED2 pro Timeo EEFEHPPITPPIPIUEEUUUUUUPE HU Ss 0 0 75 0 150 0 225 0 300 0 375 0 460 0 525 0 600 0 Density hgm M E 2 o M a o 100 0 ege 100 0 Wees m Kt peD wonS m tt peD wonS 0 0
24. are delivered Transfer or concession of the usufruct or exploitation rights to a third party is prohibited SNOWPACK is based on the current status of existing scientific research Any liability for damages occurring in relation to the use of SN_GUI or SNOWPACK in particular resulting damages unrealised economies lost profits etc as well as commercialisation is impossible SNOWPACK is constantly being developed The development is particularly based on feed back from the users SLF is therefore interested on user experiences with SNOWPACK Stimuli from the users are gladly received The SNOWPACK user is usually informed about new versions and corrections etc CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1 General Remarks 1 2 Technical Notes 1 3 Structure of SN GUI 2 The SNOWPACK Model 2 1 Basics 2 2 References 3 Installation 3 1 Installation Process 3 2 File System Review 3 3 Meteorological Input File 3 4 Snow Profile Comparison 3 4 1 File Format for Observed Snow Profiles 3 4 1 1 Stratigraphic Properties 3 4 1 2 Bulk Properties 3 4 1 3 Profile Measurements 4 Operation of the SN GUI 4 1 The Start Frame 4 2 Creation of a Snow and Soil Input File 4 3 Run SNOWPACK 4 3 1 Model Settings 4 3 2 Model start 4 4 Visualization of the Output of SNOWPACK 4 4 1 Split Frames 4 4 2 The Menu Bar 4 4 2 1 The File Menu 4 4 2 2 The Model Menu 4 4 2 3 The Display Menu 4 4 2 4 The Parameter Menu 4 4 2 5 The Time Menu 4 4 2 6 The A
25. cted date Depending on the parameter and where useful a number of line graphs can be displayed concurrently for instance to compare modelled and measured data indices or wind data from different altitudes see Figure 7 e Vector data resident in files with the extension pro This attribute refers to layer parameters such as the simulated vertical profile of the size of snow grains For such data the left part of the split frame describes the time evolution of the layered snowpack and the right hand graph gives a single time vertical profile of the active parameter The latter is usually a simple line graph see Figure 8 but for some parameters more sophisticated graphs are provided The right hand side of Figure 9 for example gives a vertical profile of the grain form based upon internationally recognized symbols Melted and refrozen grain forms are marked by vertical hatching Figure 10 provides information about the stability calculated by the SNOWPACK model In the right hand side of the split frame the arrows mark the altitudes at which three stability parameters reach a minimum value The numerical values stability minimum plus the altitude are listed at the bottom bi B n o3uwr Bee POKER d M E H f k i f f Wind Speed T p mam oe E a H H H H H H S i i i i f f Wind Station 2 7 m s E H H H H H H i Dn Snow Station 0 6 m s 0 0 T d x gt gt gt 42 00 00 42 00 00 42 00 00 12 00 00
26. e Recently Opened Filename followed by the choice of a display parameter from the parameter menu Advanced users can customize the files PARDATA INI and or PARDATA203 INI focussing on the sections describing the properties of Profile Parameters in PARDATA INI and Time Series Parameters in PARDATA203 IND Thus self designed parameters can be displayed by means of the SN GUI Both files have a detailed syntax description in their header 28 SN GUI parameter energy snow temperature temperature gradient conductivity absorbed shortwave radiation stresses and strains overburden stress viscosity density and volumetric contents Water vapor concentration density volumetric content of ice water air void dendricity sphericity bond size grain size grain type including surface hoar and microstructure e refrozen layers coordination number sensible and latent heat exchange rain energy soil heat fluxes long wave radiation energy flux incoming outgoing net short wave radiation incoming outgoing net surface albedo gy fl g outgoing net short diation g outgoing net surf Ibed radiation on slopes direct temperature of air at the snow surface within the snowpack for fixed levels in the station data input M S P ground relative humidity wind speed and direction rain rate snow depth hoar index drift index new snow 24 hours 3 day sum hand hardness inverse t
27. ecific Heat J kgK Grain Radius 0 5 mm Sphericity 0 5 Grain Marke 0 Currently active Snow _ 0 5 p y i Properties Bond Radius 0 1 mm Dendricity 1 0 Surface Hoar o kg m Snow Layer 1 K Sg G1 lowest T Prev Layer Next La Edit Basic Basic Data Input successful Figure 5 User interface for the creation of the snow and soil input file Step 2 Input of layer data As a second step the physical characteristics of the input snow and soil layers are stated layer by layer assigning each layer a specific depth Number of Numerical Finite Elements temperature and the volumetric fractions of ice water soil and air void Furthermore soil properties density conductivity specific heat and snow characteristics are stated Among the latter are the date when the layer was deposited during snowfall event Date of Layer Formation grain radius bond radius sphericity dendricity Grain Marker and the amount of surface hoar Editing starts with soil layers if the number of soil layers stated in Step 1 is not zero Thereafter the snow layers are processed The number of the currently edited snow or soil layer is visible in the lower left corner of the frame Once the input of data for one layer is finished it can be moved on to the next layer clicking the Next Layer gt button Clicking Prev Layer allows to change to data of layers already edited before The Ed
28. ed menu items most of these are not selectable if no split frames are open A default parameter is displayed which is snow temperature for pro files or air temperature for met files This parameter can be exchanged by another one at any time by choosing any items from the Parameter menu see Section 4 4 2 4 If the file is opened for the first time during a SN GUI session its name is appended to the list of menu items of the File menu Section 4 4 2 1 Other occasions where files are loaded are after e clicking on recently opened files menu File Recently Opened Filename or e choosing a parameter menu Parameter related to a met file if a pro file is open and vice versa Menu File Close The currently active split frame is closed If it was the last one open a number of menu items will become inaccessible Menu File Close All All open split frames are closed A number of menu items will become inaccessible Menu File Print Currently not usable Menu File Create JPG This menu allows the creation of jpg images of the visualization frame which can be printed by a variety of programs Clicking Create JPG leads to the emergence of a file selection box which is dependent on the used operation system Here the name and the directory of the jpg file to be created can be stated The default name is SN_GUL jpg After selecting a name all open split frames are arranged in a side a side mode see Section 4 4 2 7
29. ee Figure 14 Menu Animation Settings Clicking on this menu item leads to the display of the animation dialog window Start and end time of the animation Year Month Day Hour can be adjusted As a default the animation end time is set to the end of the currently displayed time range The default start time is set in a way that around 30 time steps are included in the movie The animation speed can be set on a scale between 1 very slow and 5 very fast Absolute values of the animation speed depend on specifics of the computer upon which the SN_GUI is operated Es Animation Settings Year Month Day Hour Animation Start 2002 11 17 og Animation End 2002 11 19 03 Animation Speed 3 1 lowest 5 highest Du LLL Cancel Figure 14 Animation dialog window 3l 4 4 2 7 The Window Menu LM Help Side a Side Pile 1 KLO3 pro Direct Acti 2 BED2 pro Temperature A number of split frames can be displayed simultaneously within the boundaries of the main visualization frame of the SN GUI either in a side a side mode or in form of a pile of overlapping frames This allows among other things an easy comparison of different model parameters at a specific location or the confrontation of the SNOWPACK output for different stations Menu Window Side a Side New split frames created by using File Open generally cover the whole area of the visualization frame and
30. es are given below see Part 3 OUTPUT Internal Temperature Depths 16 SN_GUI Model Settings Meteo Step Length 30 0 min Model Directory INPUT Measured Surface Temperatures Availat Snow amp oll D DATA input template sno Enforce Measured Snow Heights Miren Date DATA input template inp amp Measured Incoming LW Radiation Availi Height of Wind Value 4 5 m Define SW Radiation me Height of Meteo Values 4 5 No of Measured Snow Soil Temp 5 Roughness Length 0 002 m Threshol 21 098 Inclusion of Soil Data OFF Canopy Model Botto Dirichlet dixed Temperature Geothermal Heat Flux 06 OFF Calculation Step Lengthy 15 0 min Atmospheric Stability Blowing Snow Boundary Conditions NEUTRAL 0 OFF MODEL Surface Neumann throughout v Time Series Profile Profile Evaluation Output File PathiDAT A Output Writing ON ON OFF Research StationsTN Start Hour OO 0121 profite Data File Days Between 9 208332 0 125 Lan 1 Experiment a OUTPUT Internal Temperature Depths d 1 0 25 0 5 EN 1 0 al 1 5 5 2 0 Save for Run Save User Set Restore Defa Cancel Figure 6 User interface for setting SNOWPACK parameters Model Setting Model Directory absolute path of the directory where the SNOWPACK executable file resides usually SN GUI or path relative to the SN GUI directory Snow amp
31. ex 4 4 2 The Menu Bar In the following the functionality of the menu items accessible by the menu bar is described in detail File Model Display Snowpack Energy Flux Meteo lnput Indices Mass Balance TestParam Time Animation Window Help 4 4 2 1 The File Menu NIE Model Display Parameter Time Animation Wince Open Close Close All Print Create JPG Create JPG PS Memory Check Goto Start Frame Exit 1 CVBuilder3myprojects ProvviniDA T SL O3 pro 2 C VBuilder3myprojects Provin DA T AYBED2 met 3 C WBuilderSimyprojects ProvyiniDAT A3BED2 pro 22 Menu File Open Selecting Open a file selection box pops up whose appearance depends on the operation system Two types of data file compare Section 4 4 1 both produced by SNOWPACK and residing in any accessible directory can be chosen e pro files contain vector data e met files related to scalar data After selecting a file its content is loaded into the memory including a format check of the data Detected errors may be visible in a background console window provided by the operation system Once the data loading has finished successfully a split frame related to the selected file appears filling up the visualization frame and being set active met and pro files contain valuable information about the station Lat Long etc as well as the depths of temperature sensors Now a wealth of display options is accessible by clicking the desir
32. exture indices index vector stability indices direct action skier stability scalar stability indices stability index depth stability index classifications profile type stability mass balance Snow water equivalent erosion runoff sublimation evaporation parameter testing dummy parameters for any number of vector and 5 scalar data Table 1 Review of the parameters that can currently be visualized by the SN GUI Where applicable not only snow but also soil layer data can be visualized All listed parameters are available in the full version but only the items marked by the star can be accessed by the reduced parameter version The properties of dummy parameters such as menu names default colour scales and value ranges can be defined by the individual user The output routines must also be adapted accordingly in Queries c 4 4 2 5 The Time Menu UR Animation indc 3 Days 7 Days 14 Days 30 Days 60 Days Maximum Time Other Time Synchronization The choice of any item of the first part of the Time menu changes the time range of the loaded data set displayed on the x axis of the left side of the split frame see Section 4 4 1 Generally if possible the new end time of the displayed time range will be set to the currently active time marked by the slider position Scrolling in time through the file is possible for instance moving back week by week For this the buttons lt lt lt
33. hand part of split frames for pro files only if the time difference between any two adjacent data records of the file is not constant 8 Screen resolution The SN GUI was developed on a PC with a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 pixel and just sporadically tested for other resolutions Using screens set to a lower resolution than this might cause parts of the included windows and user interfaces to be inaccessible 37
34. he chronology of the open split frames with the most recently opened frame referring to number 1 3 SNOWPACK File Model Display Parameter Time Animation Window Help Open Close JPG Colors xRange yRange Zoom Zoom Ez Time Play i T JBED2 pro 4000 7777 EE Ee Ice ee Lr LR beer eege GR S i ESEME E e M NET N E BED2 pro o c g 3000 an peeereeenennnne denen ennnenndennnnnenneneend eeben Leed penne s E4BeED2 pro om E c D g 3000 4000 O a E v K om 200 0 300 0 Li a v Lm o om 29007 g 9000 E a a H H 100 0 200 z G E 100 2000 EEN ET 0 0 x d 100 0 t 03 0 i 3 1 H 12 4 0 0 q x 100 0177 cae ae licei T 030 i 1247 0 0 o N a E 0 0 XI ssls 03 01 00 22 53 30 18 46 00 14 38 30 10 31 00 06 23 30 02 46 00 22 08 30 18 01 00 12 4 02 124402 13 14 02 14 4 02 eum 16 14 02 mum mum 18 1102 00 H H H 450 0 Density kg m 18 11 02 15 01 Snow Depth 312 51 car PREIS 00 1500 Station 1 1000 0 m 300 0 3750 450 0 5250 600 0 Density ugar 00 750 450 0 2250 Figure 16 Example of split frames arranged in the pile mode 33 4 4 2 8 The Help Menu Help About Menu Help Help Not implemented yet Menu Help About El ld Visualization of the SNOWPACK model WVSLSLF Copyright c Version 3 3 10 April 2003 Figure 17 Help About informati
35. he installed SN GUI file directory structure Research Station Name string for station data used This string is used for the construction of the file name of the output files Experiment Name string specifying the run used for the construction of the name of the output file Internal Temperature Depth This item gives the distance in meters from either the ground surface or the snow surface for the output of temperature time series positive values snow height measured from the ground negative values without soil data snow depth measured from the snow surface negative values with soil data soil depth measured from the ground Depth values for up to five modelled time series can be introduced If measured temperature series are available the depths of the sensors must match the values introduced here from left to right Note that the number of measured temperatures do not need to match the number of modelled temperatures see also No of Measured Snow Soil Temp in Part 1 INPUT as well as Section 3 3 Meteorological Input File 18 At the bottom of the frame any of the following four buttons can be clicked Save for Run Clicking this item all stated input variables are checked for format and consistency errors If any are found a message pops up and the errors can be corrected If the input data are found to be free of errors they are stored in the file SETUP CONSTANTS User INL which will be used by
36. he program execution in different operation system environments Windows LINUX Solaris etc is possible The source code of the current version around 700 KB in size consists of 50 Java classes and more than 300 methods subroutines It was compiled with the aid of the JBuilder software using Swing libraries to create some special graphical effects 1 3 Structure of SN GUI The user of SN GUI is graphically guided through the entire process of creating snow cover simulations This starts with the efficient production of input parameter files for SNOWPACK see Section 4 2 followed by a variety of parameter settings Section 4 3 and terminating with the model output visualization for an extended set of parameters Section 4 4 Snow and soil input data e Creation of a layered input file for the SNOWPACK model SNOWPACK model parameters e Setting the parameters necessary for model execution SN GUI Research Mode Launching SNOWPACK e Starting the model with the above SNOWPACK model defined settings Visualisation of SNOWPACK Results Figure 1 Review of the basic features of SN GUI The whole process of producing snowpack simulations can be managed graphically 2 The SNOWPACK Model 2 1 Basics The one dimensional snow cover model SNOWPACK Lehning et al 1999 Bartelt and Lehning 2002 Lehning et al 2002a b programmed in C was primarily developed fo
37. ion at the latter station for blowing snow computation 3 Ifno snow depth data are available and 0 0 must be entered it may be advisable to unset the Blowing Snow switch see Model Settings Part 2 7MODEL Section 4 3 1 10 3 4 Snow Profile Comparison Modelled profiles may be compared to observed pit profiles based on the method proposed by Lehning et al 2001 To activate the comparison the PROF EVAL switch must be set to 1 Profile Evaluation see Model Settings Part 3 Y4OUTPUT Section 4 3 1 Then the location and name of the file containing the observed pit profiles may be set Profile Data File see Model Settings Part 3 OUTPUT Section 4 3 1 the extension being pit Results will be written to the pev file in the output directory 3 4 1 File Format for Observed Snow Profiles Profile Data File may contain any number of observed profiles see International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground by Colbeck et al 1990 Any number of comment lines starting with a semicolon may appear on top of the file but only there followed by the two lines any text Each profile then starts with a line labelled 0900 followed by the profile number the profile date the snow depth HS and the total snow water equivalent HSW 0900 PrfNr Date as DD MM YYYY HH MI HS in m HSW in kg m Each property of interest is then assigned an unique label described below in 3 4 1 1 which
38. it Basic Data button provides the opportunity to edit once more the basic data see Step 1 Having defined snow and soil parameters for all the layers clicking Create File finally creates the output file in a format readable by the SNOWPACK model under the file name specified in step 1 15 The activation of all these buttons lt Prev Layer Next Layer Edit Basic Data Create File first initiates a format and consistency check of the data currently residing in the edit boxes and may produce error messages which can be removed by correcting the errors Cancel exits the dialog box without saving any of the currently displayed data 4 3 Run SNOWPACK 4 3 1 Model settings This is done through a user interactive model execution frame accessible either by clicking the button lt Model Settings gt in the start frame Section 4 1 or from the SNOWPACK visualization frame via Model Model Settings see Section 4 4 2 2 An example of it is displayed in Figure 6 Before the proper frame is opened a user dialog box appears allowing to choose the file from which the default parameters for the frame s edit masks should be read Two buttons can be clicked Default File The default parameters will be read from the file SETUP CONSTANTS INI e User def File The parameters will be read from a file that can be chosen by the user The model setting frame serves the collection of essentials needed for the pro
39. maximization Minimization after minimization no active frames remain and applying many of the menu functions such as zooming does not show any visible effects S Maximization The maximized split frames have the attached control objects buttons and slider bar at a wrong place Display Slider Buttons can be used to remove these objects S After maximizing split frames using Window Split Frame and returning to the side a side mode clicking Window Side a Side any inactive frames clicked will maximize when clicked Again control objects may emerge at the wrong place S Closing all windows Problems occur when using File Close All after maximizing any of the open split frames S Split frame divider When dragging the vertical line separating the left from the right part of split frames the size of the slider bar underneath the x axis of the left graph remains the same as before S Start screen In some cases the start screen was observed to freeze on the minimization of the visualization or of other frames Synchronization S Split frame divider Synchronization problems occur when dragging the vertical line separating the left from the right part of split frames S Data gaps If a number of split frames are displayed simultaneously in the synchronization mode and the individual frames contain data gaps at differing times a movement over the gaps using either the slider or the key buttons see Section 4 4 1 may result in
40. modelstart Linux or modelstart pc bat Windows Save User Settings Clicking this item all stated input variables are checked for format and consistency errors If any are found a message pops up and the errors can be corrected If the input data are found to be free of errors they are stored in the file which the user can choose Restore Defaults fills all the edit boxes with default values stored in the file CONSTANTS INI resides in the SETUP directory and can be changed manually by the user if required Cancel exits the frame without saving any data 4 3 2 Run SNOWPACK Under Windows double click on modelstart bat under Linux start the script file modelstart SNOWPACK is now started with the settings stored in the file SETUP CONSTANTS User INI See in section 4 3 1 Model Settings how to change these settings Notes Command line snowpack _pc exe SETUPXCONSTANTS User INI maxtime where maxtime is given either as a julian or as dd mm yyyy HH MM allows to stop run prior to the end of the Meteorological Input File see Section 3 3 Run will start at Date of Profile see Section 4 2 Step 1 in any case allows to start a run at a time posterior to the first entry in the Meteorological Input File see Section 3 3 SNOWPACK can be run from any arbitrary location However paths to Input Output files and parameter file must be properly set 4 4 Visualization of the Output of SNOWPACK The visualization
41. module of the SN GUI package was designed to make the results of the SNOWPACK calculations easily and comprehensively accessible to a wide range of users The visualization frame has a menu bar at the top from which the individual menu items various functions for data management plus graphical adjustment tools see Section 4 4 2 can be chosen Underneath is a tool bar which allows accelerated access to some of the menu items Section 4 4 3 At the bottom of the visualization frame is a status bar which is not fully functional yet The visualization is started by clicking the lt Visualization gt button in the start frame Section 4 1 The visualization frame can enclose one or more split frames see Section 4 4 1 4 4 1 Split Frames The data calculated for a certain station and related to a specific parameter are displayed in form of split frames see Figures 7 8 9 10 The left side of such a frame always represents a time series and contains a bar that can be moved horizontally to specific dates This is done by dragging a slider or by mouse clicking interactive scroll buttons that are attached to the frame The data referring to the currently marked date are visualized in the right part of the split frame The vertical separation line between the left and the right part of split frames can be moved dragging it with the mouse cursor not recommended on a regular base since this action may still produce errors Currently more than 50 par
42. nimation Menu 4 4 2 7 The Window Menu 4 4 2 8 The Help Menu 4 4 3 The Speed Bar 4 5 Full Version versus Reduced Parameter Set Appendix A Known Bugs 1 Introduction 1 1 General Remarks The general acceptance and practical applicability of scientific software depends to a high degree upon the ease of operation and the availability of an excellent up to date and accurate visualization of the numerical output The Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF developed a graphical user interface for snowpack modelling SN GUI designed to meet high quality standards The software is specifically meant to accompany the Swiss snow cover model SNOWPACK but could also be used for other snow cover models This manual is to provide to the user of SN GUI all information he needs in order to work efficiently with SN GUI The following conventions are followed throughout this manual S File and directory names are printed in bold S Button names used in dialog frames are listed within square brackets S Names of menus are listed in italics Since SN GUI was tailor made for the operation of the SLF model SNOWPACK a brief review of this model is given in the next section Section 2 followed by installation hints Section 3 and a discussion of the principal features of the software Section 4 1 2 Technical Notes SN GUI is based upon the object oriented and platform independent programming language Java meaning that t
43. number of snow and soil layers must be given On the right hand side location information latitude longitude altitude slope angle slope azimuth soil albedo bare soil roughness canopy parameters has to be listed Some of these parameters appear in the split frames that visualize the results of the model runs see Section 4 4 1 Activating the lt Continue gt button leads to a format check of the input data If errors are detected a message pops up and allows editing the data once again If not the present basic data are stored and it can be proceeded to Step 2 14 Snow and Soil Input File Creation File Name DAT AfInput template sno Station Characteristics Step 1 b SS Station Nat Latitude Input of BASIC DATA Longitude Date of Profile Altitude Year Mon Day Hour Minute Slope Angle Slope Azimuth Senet sol Soil Albedo then press Snow Depth i Continue Number of Snow Layers Bare Soil 20 0 02 om Number of Soil Layers SE Heino d Leaf Area Index o m2 m2 Continue Direct Throughfall 1 fraction Layer Depth 10 cm Volumetric Fractions Total 100 Mem No of Elements 1 i 10 weid 90 Input of Layer Temperature 0 deg C BEEN d sew d LAYER DATA Add values Date of Layer Formation Soil Properties Density kg m3 layer by layer SE then press Year Month Day Hour Minute Conductivity W mK Create File 2000 o1 H o1 oo oo Sp
44. on window Some information about the running version of SN_GUI is given version number and date 4 4 3 The Speed Bar Open ce JPG cns xRange yRange Zoom Zoom p d ss oi speed bar Button of the Speed Bar Menn aecess cce dn Open File Open 4 4 2 1 Close File Close 4 4 2 1 JPG File Create JPG 4 4 2 1 Colours Display Colour Table 4 4 2 3 xRange Display Value Range X Axis 4 4 2 3 lt yRange gt Display Value Range Y Axis 4 4 2 3 lt Zoom gt Display Zoom Y Axis 4 4 2 3 lt Zoom gt Display Zoom Y Axis 4 4 2 3 34 Sync Time Synchronization 4 4 2 5 Time Time Other Time 4 4 2 5 Play Animation Play 4 4 2 6 lt SiASi gt Window Side a Side 4 4 2 7 lt Soil gt Display Soil Data 4 4 2 3 Table 2 Review of connections between menu items and buttons of the speed bar The speed bar is located below the menu bar It can be switched on and off by clicking the menu Display Speed Bar The buttons containing the arrows lt lt lt gt gt gt work the same way as their equivalents inside the split frames see Section 4 4 1 The rest of the buttons has the same functionality as specific menu items accessible through the menu bar For details see the Table 2 4 5 Full Version versus Reduced Parameter Set When starting the SN_GUI some principal settings are read from the file SETUP INI The first lines
45. per model execution It consists of three parts Part 1 INPUT In the first part beside naming the data files needed for the run important information about the correct interpretation of the input data is handed over to the model The following items have to be adjusted Meteo Step Length time resolution of meteo input data in minutes Measured Surface Temperatures Available measured surface temperatures must be available if this item is selected Enforce Measured Snow Heights measured snow depth is used to drive snowfall if item is selected otherwise the snow cover mass balance is determined from the precipitation data Measured Incoming LW Radiation Available measured incoming longwave radiation is available if item is selected otherwise SNOWPACK estimates a clear sky incoming longwave radiation from the air temperature and the relative humidity Define SW Radiation 1 measured shortwave radiation is reflected if item is selected or incoming item not selected 2 or 12 means that reflected and incoming shortwave radiation is available and SNOWPACK will not use the statistical model of surface albedo 10 both avail but SNOWPACK will use only incoming 11 both avail but use only reflected No of Measured Snow Soil Temp Gives information about how many measured temperature time series for fixed heights of the soil or snowpack are available The depths of these seri
46. ption Units Required Comments M yes Start of meteo step line Date yes Format DD MM YYYY HH MI Julian date yes Relative to 01 01 1900 00 00 1 Air temperature Either K or C yes Relative air humidity Either 1 or yes Wind velocity ms yes At snow station Wind direction degrees no At either snow or wind station 2 Incoming SW radiation W m At least one of both parameters must Reflected SW radiation W m S be available Incoming LW radiation W m no If neither parameter is available or SNOWPACK will assume a clear sky Cloudiness 1 air emissivity Snow surface temperature Either K or C yes Required only if Dirichlet boundary conditions are chosen see Section 4 3 Bottom temperature Either K or C yes Required without soil and if Dirichlet boundary conditions are chosen for soil see Section 4 3 Precipitations per meteo kg m mm HO At least one of both parameters must step yes be available but both column must be Snow depth m there 3 Measured snow soil Either K or C no None to five values according to temperatures settings in CONSTANTS_User INI see Section 4 3 Wind velocity ms no At wind station Table 3 3 1 Description of meteorological input data Notes Julian date as obtained from standard Excel is off by 2 days as compared with the true value 2 If wind data are available for the wind station see last entry below it is advisable to enter the wind direct
47. r the support of avalanche warning in Switzerland However this physical model is also used for other applications such as permafrost investigations L tschg et al 2003 the assessment of snow vegetation interactions climate research Rasmus and R is nen 2003 mass and energy balance calculations for arctic areas Meirold Mautner and Lehning 2003 and calculations of chemical solute transport in snow Waldner et al 2003 See section 2 2 for more details The Interface Processes Influencing the Exchange of Energy and Momentum Figure 2 Principal physical processes included in the SNOWPACK model A graphical review of the physical processes described by the SNOWPACK model is given in Figure 2 SNOWPACK is based on a Lagrangian finite element implementation and solves the instationary heat transfer and settlement equations Phase changes and transport of water vapor and liquid water are included Special attention is paid to the metamorphism of snow and its connection to mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity and viscosity At present SNOWPACK is the most advanced snow cover models worldwide in terms of microstructural detail Therefore first attempts are being made to estimate snow cover stability from SNOWPACK simulations Lehning et al 2003 SNOWPACK runs operationally on a network of high Alpine automatic weather and snow measurement stations Presently approximately 100 sites are in operation These stations mea
48. stallation of SN GUI The user simply installs the SN GUI package through copying a clone of the original file system onto a computer accessible by him This file system may be available for a specific user at a number of different locations and media This can for instance be a CD or the SN GUI package could be transferred to the user as a zipped email attachment When operating the SN GUI on UNIX systems one has always to make sure that through the copy process the original capitalization of the letters of the file names see Figure 3 does not change The SN GUI package can in theory be placed at any position of the user s directory system provided DATA and SETUP remain subdirectories of the directory where the SN GUI package is installed 3 2 File System Review A review of the file system is provided in Figure 3 SN GUl bat is used to start the the SN GUI user interface SETUP INI contains the most essential setup parameters of SN GUI With few exceptions no manual changes of the files included in the SN GUI package should be processed by the user Advanced users might want to alter SETUP INI and the default parameter settings in the files PARDATA INI and PARDATA203 INI located in SETUP see Section 4 4 2 4 The user interface for model settings of SNOWPACK Section 4 3 is a comfortable tool to adjust the customized model settings stored in the file SETUP CONSTANTS User INL All files installed are necessary for the operation of
49. sure wind air temperature relative humidity snow depth surface temperature ground soil temperature reflected short wave radiation and three temperatures within the snowpack The measurements are hourly transferred to the SLF and drive the model SNOWPACK produces supplementary information regarding the state of the snowpack at the sites of the automatic stations The model is connected to a relational data base which stores the measurements as well as the model results Validations of SNOWPACK suggest that the calculations are reliable in terms of the mass balance and the energy budget The implemented snow metamorphism formulations yield reasonable grain types and are able to reproduce important processes such as the formation of depth or surface hoar In addition to the stand alone applications SNOWPACK is increasingly used in a distributed way SNOWPACK has been coupled with atmospheric flow and snow drift modules as well as with spatial energy balance models The coupled models are used to investigate snow deposition and snow cover development in steep terrain Lehning and others 2000 and to forecast ski run conditions for racing However the current version of SN GUI does not include the visualization of distributed SNOWPACK calculations yet 2 2 References In the following some important papers related to the SNOWPACK model are listed Additional information can be found on the web www slf ch Iwr prozessmodelle aufgaben en html
50. t an inactive split frame is constructed This causes an error message NullPointerException when other files are tried to be opened afterwards Case error If two open split frames exist one related to a pro and the other to a met file see Section 4 4 1 and if the pro file is active and a met parameter is clicked and vice versa sometimes a new file is read instead of using the data already residing in memory The already open split frame might not be recognized as usable since some problems in the file name recognition may exist upper lower case error Slider missing If new data files are loaded while the synchronization mode is active the new split frames do not contain a movable slider Errors shortcomings specific to SN GUI installations under Unix Size of buttons e g OK Cancel sometimes too small Titles of split frames only appear if mouse is moved over them File chooser box In contrast to Windows installations the most recently used working directory is not remembered by the operation system Mouse movements may cause error messages in the background console window these should not be paid attention to Tool tip text missing No explanation text appears when the mouse cursor is positioned over a button Status bar Most of the messages to be displayed at the bottom of the visualization frame are not drawn in a reliable way 7 Time resolution Sawtooth like graphs can emerge in the left
51. tion of the atmospheric boundary layer 1 Assume neutral stratification logarithmic profile used preferentially with Dirichlet BC 0 Standard MO iteration with Paulson and Stearns amp Weidner used preferentially with Neumann BC 1 Simplified Richardson number stability correction Blowing Snow if set SNOWPACK tests for blowing snow conditions real erosion Otherwise virtual erosion will be performed only The latter mode may be preferred if no snow depth data are available If soil data are to be included in the computations of SNOWPACK Inclusion of Soil Data has to be set to ON If it is OFF no adjustment of Geothermal Heat Flux is possible and bottom boundary conditions cannot be selected Canopy to run SNOWPACK s canopy module Part 3 OUTPUT This portion allows to state details of the model output For both Time Series scalar data see Section 4 4 1 and Profile vector data also see 4 4 1 the construction of output files Output Writing can be set to ON or OFF Start Hour gives the time in hours of the first data set to be written to the output file Days Between gives the time spacing in days for the data listed in the output files Further items that have to be stated are Output File Path Path to write the output files absolute path or path relative to the Model Directory see above One possibility is to use the DATA directory included in t
52. tions are just accessible in the full version mode of SN_GUI see 4 5 Menu Model Create Input File Activating this item leads to the same result as clicking the button lt Input File gt in the start frame Section 4 1 A frame is initiated that allows the user friendly construction of a file which contains all needed information about station characteristics and the physical properties of soil and snowpack layers Section 4 2 Menu Model Model Settings This menu item allows the adjustment of a file containing the model parameters Section 4 3 1 The functionality of this menu item is the same as that of the lt Model Settings gt button in the start frame Section 4 1 24 4 4 2 3 The Display Menu ISS ZER Parameter Time A Value Range X Axis Value Range Y Axis Zoom Y Axis Zoom Y Axis Y Interval Up Interval Down Color Table Background Soil Data Right Hand Graph v Slider Buttons w Speed Bar w Status Bar Research Menu Menu Display Value Range X Axis This menu item is just available for split frames displaying vector data pro files see Section 4 4 1 When clicked a dialog window pops up see Figure 11 allowing the scaling of the x axis of the right hand graph The minimum Start Value and maximum End Value displayed parameter value can be reset The number of vertical lines structuring the right hand graph Partition Lines can also be adjusted
53. will start any subsequent line of the corresponding profile as Label of items comma separated list of items starting from bottom Note that no blank lines should appear in the file Below is an example of such a file containing one profile Example pit profile file DATA Pit Profiles STN 5859 0900 1 02 11 1958 09 00 0 510 119 5 0901 7 0 100 0 200 0 410 0 440 0 505 0 508 0 510 0902 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0903 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0904 7 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 0905 7 7 4 2 2 2 7 0906 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 0907 7 0 50 0 25 0 50 0 50 0 25 0 25 1 00 0922 3 43 1 39 6 36 8 0951 0 0952 0 0955 0 0956 0 0961 7 0 000 0 100 0 200 0 300 0 400 0 450 0 510 0962 7 273 15 272 75 272 15 270 85 268 15 267 15 269 65 Snow properties belong to either of three categories namely stratigraphic e g grain size or bulk e g layer water equivalent properties or profiles e g snow temperatures The currently implemented properties are summarized below 11 3 4 1 1 Stratigraphic Properties Here the of items is the number of stratigraphic layers The first item on a list corresponds to the bottom layer 0901 Vertical coordinates of layers Given should be upper boundary of stratigraphic layer m 0902 Wetness W1 code 0903 Wetness W2 code 0904 Majority grain type F1 code 0905 Minority grain type F2 code 0906 Grain type F3 code 0907 Grain size D1 mm 0908 Grain size D2 mm 0909 Hand hardness K1 code 0910 Hand hardness
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search