EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS ArcGIS® toolbox
Contents
1. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS ArcGIS toolbox USER S MANUAL CRATER COASTAL Risk ANALYSIS OF TSUNAMIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS ArcGIS toolbox USER S MANUAL CRATER COASTAL Risk ANALYSIS OF TSUNAMIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory uu Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory P O Box 4 Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Via Cristoforo Colombo 44 00147 Roma Italy CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Mario Laghi Alessandra Cavalletti PhD Eng Paolo Polo Contact CRATER info gmail com CONTENTS 1 O 1 2 Theoretical background J vetu M 5 3 A OL 10 4 Toolset 1 RASTER LAND USE 0 0001 19 5 TIN CREATION and Slope extraction ee 25 51 TIN Creati Nantes 25 5 2 Slope Extraction e 33 6 Toolset 2 REGLASSIFIGATON tree ee 39 6 1 JREGLASSIFY LAND USE Model un nn 40 6 2 RBEBEGLASSIFY SLOPE model ie2. you are creating Choose a value for the average evacuation speed Click OK al The output will be the grid of time needed in sec m to walk on each cell according to the land use type and the slope in the cell TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME MAP 8 BASINS 53 Example Box Set luse_recl dataset as the land use reclassified grid Select slope recl from the CASE STUDY folder Set 1 2 m sec as the average value for evacuation speed that is commonly used as normal speed for pedestrian evacuation Set name and location for your output Click Ok and look at the inv speed raster dataset inside EXAMPLE BOX folder 54 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 0 0 1503 INVERSE EVACUATION SPEED sec m 0 TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME amp BASINS 55 56 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME BASINS Using this toolset you will obtain the CWD Surface In this surface the value of each cell represents the cost needed to go to the nearest in terms of cost source point following the costless path In our study case source points will be defined by the assembly points layer and cost values will be expressed in terms of time each cell will report the time necessary to go from there to the costless shelter following the fastest path The first output will be an evacuation time map time is expressed in seconds if you defined average speed value in m sec Take notice that when
3. Geocoding XX Add XY Data Add Route Events amp ArcCatalog S Layers Macros 2 Extensions Styles Options EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 1 From the main menu of your ArcMap project click Tools 2 Point Customize 3 In the Customize dialogue box click Add from file 4 Browse your computer through these folders EVACUATION ROUTES DEFINITION mm Hydrologic Modeling mmm Visual Basic 5 Select the esrihydrology v2 dll file and click open 6 Check Hydrology Modelling on the new toolbars list 7 Click Close and the Hydrology Modelling toolbar will appear on your project EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 75 Customize Toolbars Commands Options Toolbars Main Menu 3D Analyst Advanced Editing O Context Menus O Data Frame Tools Dimensioning O Disconnected Editing Draw 76 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Customize d esrihydrology v2 dll Documenti recenti Desktop e Documenti Nome file esrihydrology v2 dll Tipo fie Libraries EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 77 Customize Toolbars Commands Options Toolbars GPS Geoprocessing Wizard Georeferencing L Geostatistical Analyst C Graphics Hydrology Modeling L Labeling v Layout C Map Cache
4. C Network Editing C Publisher O Raster Painting Route Editing 78 New Rename Delete Reset Keyboard Add from file Chose EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 10 2 Interactive properties settings and Evacuation routes visualization Once you have correctly installed the Hydrologic Modelling extension you can start using it from the toolbar on your project First step is to set the parameters for the interactive properties tool Hydrology Modeling Hydrology Y 6 lt gt Flow Direction Identify Sinks Fill Sinks Flow Accumulation Watershed Stream Network Feature Interactive Properties EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 79 80 1 Click the Hydrology drop down arrow 2 Point Interactive Properties on bottom 3 On the Properties dialogue box set the flow direction dataset you created with the EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS toolset 4 Choose the flow accumulation grid calculated at the same time MI Properties Enter properties for calculating watershed and rain drop interactively Flow direction flowdirection Flow accumulation loawceumulation 5 Click EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Now the tool is ready to be used Hydrology Modeling Click on the Rain Drop interactive tool and start visualizing evacuation routes by clicking wherever y
5. Dae Gli 118641 3D Analyst Layer 2 D Create Modify Create TIN From Features N E Interpolate to Raster Add Features to TIN Surface Analysis Reclassify E Convert RA uk Use now the dialog box to select the elevation source shapefile all the other features want to add to the TIN 26 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Create TIN From Features Inputs Check the laver s that will be used to create the TIN Click layer s name to specify its settings Layers Settings for selected layer TOPOGRAPHY CLIP a temp Feature type 2D lines L VASCHE_Dissolve Height source ELEV y I L RUBBER TREES Dis L1cocoNuTS TREES Triangulate hard line beaches Dissoee 44 Tag value fiel Output TIN FORISCRATER GIS SHAPE KHAOLAK KL_SG DATI_BASE Vin 1 Check the feature of the Table of Contest containing elevation values If you don t have the shape file on the list please browse you computer to the folder you have stored it TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 27 2 Select the attribute table field describing elevation Add in the same way all the other features you want to add to the TIN polygon as hard clips roads as soft lines etc 3 Click OK The output will be a terrain 3D digital model calculated from the interpolatio
6. recognize mountains and valleys evacuation shelters are the lowest points of each valley Following this similarity we are able to use geospatial hydrology tools widely used in G I S to manage our Surface For example the fastest path from a point to the closest assembly point is coincident with the course of a rain drop falling on the same point and there are many G I S tools to identify it Moreover it is possible to define the area influenced by each evacuation point that is in our similarity the subdivision of domain in watershed in Fig 2 is reported an example The subdivision into areas of influence can be very useful you can identify how many people stay inside each basin you can understand if the safe area is big enough and you can calculate the maximum evacuation time of each area and compare it with maximum acceptable time THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 9 3 GETTING STARTED First of all please be sure you saved the EVACUATION ROUTES DEFINITION folder you find into the CD ROM on the hard disk of your Personal Computer Before starting you need to add the EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS to your project s ArcToolbox list You will do it by following these instructions Click on icon of ArcToolbox if ArcToolbox is not present 3 0 1 Right click the ArcToolbox icon 2 Point Add Toolbox on the menu 10 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Senza titolo ArcMap ArcView File Edit Yiew Insert Selection Tools Window
7. GRID TO RECLASSIFY slope z RECLASSIFY SLOPE RECLASS FIELD Value This tool will guide you through the RECLASSIFICATION VALUES reclas of Old values New values A z 0 0 015608 Classify 0 015608 0 031217 E mm 0 031217 0 046825 0 046825 0 062433 0 062433 0 078042 Add Entry 1 0 078042 0 093650 0 093650 0 109258 Delete Entries 0 109258 0 124867 Load Save Reverse New Values a LOCATION OF THE RECLASSIFIED SLOPE GRID D ALAVORINCRATERAGISNSHAPE SGNCASE z um v I gt Environments lt lt Hide Help TOOLSET 2 5 e 3 1 Select Defined Interval on the classification method dropdown arrow 3 2 Choose your preferred value for the interval size RECLASSIFY SLOPE Classification Classification Method Defined Interval Classes 15 Y Interval Size 3 Data Exclusion Use Custom Min amp Max Exclusion Sum Mean Standard Deviation 10936363 0 46 229668 10920401 711370 0 998541 1 543098 custom min LL tom max Sampling Show Mean Show class for values Show Std Dev 11 557417 Snap breaks to data values 23 114834 34 672251 Log Plot 46 229668 46 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 4 Insert the new values for reclassification and cho
8. a fundamental instrument for risk mitigation at the local scale however those are commonly created by choosing main roads as suggested evacuations routes INTRODUCTION 1 A series of ArcGIS tools have been built to define the evacuation routes using G I S spatial analysis techniques the tools are assembled into the EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS ArcGIS toolbox that will allow users to apply the method to their own case study The methodology considers only pedestrian evacuation This manual will support you step by step in the use of the toolbox leading you to the choice of best in terms of time evacuation routes in the risk areas Before starting the analysis you should be sure to Have ArcGIS 9 0 software correctly installed on your PC Have Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst extensions fully functional on your system Have some elementary knowledge of ArcGIS 9 0 environment Have digital data of terrain elevation and land use for the area of interest 2 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS You will find in the EXAMPLE_BOX folder attached all the files created for case study simulation you can practice performing that analysis again following instructions inside the Example Box and comparing the results INTRODUCTION 3 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND To define the best evacuation route from a given point we have to find the fastest path from that point to the assembly point The fastest path is not always
9. aj Settings for selected layer Topography Coastline Feature type 2D polygons AREA PROVA Height source Noe y Triangulate as Tag value field Noe y Output TIN JRINCRATERSGISSSHAPESKHAOLAK KL_SGSDATI_BASE tin2 7 Set None as the Height source hard clip in the Triangulate as box 8 Click OK and compare the result to the Tin Dataset called tin in the EXAMPLE BOX folder TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 31 32 0 0 15 0 3 0 6 0 9 Elevation tin 11 612 14 515 Edge type 8 709 11 612 Hard Edge 5 806 8 709 Elevation 2 903 5 806 23 224 26 127 o 2 903 20 321 23 224 17 418 20 321 14 515 17 418 12 Kilometers EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 5 2 Slope Extraction From the 3D Analyst toolbar on your project select Surface Analysis Slope 3D Analyst w Layer gt Create Modify TIN b Interpolate to Raster Surface Analysis Contour Reclassify a Convert Aspect Hillshade 355 Viewshed LI AREA PROVA CutjFill ss Area and Volume In the dialog box follow these steps TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 33 Input surface tincompleto a Dutput measurement C Degree Percent Z factor 1 J Output cell size 1 Output raster lt Temporary gt OK Cancel ok 1 Choose the TIN Dataset you just created 2 Check the Percent output measur
10. and you can start using it by double clicking the icon Double clicking each of the toolsets will allow you to run the related model and set the parameters for the calculation Fig 3 14 1 RASETR LAND USE CREATION _ Double click here Sp RASTER LAND USE CREATION amp 2 RECLASSIFICATION e RECLASSIFY LAND USE RECLASSIFY SLOPE 3 EVACUATION SPEED e EVACUATION SPEED MAP INVERSE 4 EVACUATION TIME amp BASINS e EVACUATION TIME amp BASINS amp 5 BASINS STATISTICS MAXIMUM YALUE AND AREA BASIN STATISTICS MAXIMUM VALUE AREA Fig 3 Menu of EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS The EVACUATION ROUTES toolbox created has a user friendly interface on the right side of each model mask you will find help suggestions and comments Fig 4 By clicking on each element you will obtain description and information EVACUATION SPEED MAP INVERSE DER LAND USE RECLASSIFIED EVACUATION SPEED MAP SLOPE RECLASSIFIED INVERSE z Gives the value in seconds AVERAGE EVACUATION SPEED m sec for each cell of the grid of the time needed to cross the cell INVERSE OF SPEED OF EVACUATION C Documents and SettingsMariosImpostazioni localis T emp E v gt OK Cancel Environments lt lt Hide Help 4 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS interface example GETTING STARTED 15 Once you
11. have the right instrument be sure that you have created or gathered both a digital representation of terrain elevation and land use These are the only two fundamental data you need to start the procedure Land Use should be a polygons shapefile containing one polygon for each land use type Fig 5 it should also contain an attribute field describing land use type description 16 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Attributes of LandUse beach buildings lakes amp wetlands coconuts_tree rivers amp channels roads rubber_trees fishing_pools high_grass Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Polygon Record 14 1 gt gt t Show au Selected Records 0 out of 9 Selec 00000000000 1 2 3 4 5 5 1 8 Fig 5 Example of Land Use attribute All the analysis you are going to start are based on Raster Surfaces and Datasets so the first step will be the transformation of your Land Use polygon shapefile into a raster GETTING STARTED 17 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 4 TOOLSET 1 RASTER LAND USE CREATION With this toolset you will transform your Land use shapefile into a Raster Dataset you will use in the next steps of the procedure Double click on the RASTER LAND USE CREATION model icon see Fig 3 the tool dialog box will be open TOOLSET 1 RASTER LAND USE CREATION 19 RASTER LAND USE CREATION E Help RASTER LAND USE CREATION LAND USE FEATU
12. Help D amp BH m X o 0 0 3D Analyst w Layer 1 2 m Spatial Analyst w Layer Z Editor k ArcToolbo Gp Toolbox Soo Tr 2 Gy Cart k Con Environments Qp Date Geo Hide Locked Tools E Save Settings Line Spat Load Settings GETTING STARTED 11 Add Toolbox EXAMPLE BOX Hydrologic Modeling EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Name EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Show of type Toolboxes y Cancel 3 Navigate to the EVACUATION ROUTES DEFINITION folder on your computer select EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS toolbox 4 Click Open and the toolbox will be added to your list 12 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Senza titolo ArcMap ArcView File Edit Insert Selection Tools Window Help Des x sm 3D Analyst w Layer me 2 E Spatial Analyst w Layer Pp y 7 xl ArcToolbox Q 36 Analyst Tools Analysis Tools Cartography Tools amp Conversion Tools Data Management Tools EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Geocoding Tools Geostatistical Analyst Tools Qj Linear Referencing Tools Spatial Analyst Tools Qi Spatial Statistics Tools 1 45 Editor w Ela x POSEN DD Aero Qo gt GETTING STARTED 13 Now the toolbox is correctly loaded your project
13. ND USE Choose 1 meter cell resolution by putting a constant value of 1 Set location and name for the Raster Land Use you are creating and click OK Compare your result with our luseraster grid below 22 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 0 0 1503 1 2 Kilometers Land use type luseraster Land_use rivers channels beach Esa roads Es buildings Eg rubber trees cocconuts_tree fishing_pools high_grass TOOLSET 1 RASTER LAND USE CREATION 23 24 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 5 CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION Slope of terrain is one of the factors that most influence the evacuation speed walking or running on a steep area would be more expensive in terms of physical exertion than doing the same on a flat zone For this reason it is an important input in evaluation of Cost Weighted Distance If you don t have slope values your area you will be able to calculate them using ArcGIS tools starting from digital terrain elevation The fastest way to do so is to create a TIN Triangulated Irregular Network Dataset from your elevation source feature and extract slope percentage using Spatial Analyst extension 5 1 Creation From the 3D Analyst toolbar on your project select Create Modify Create TIN From Features TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 25 KL_PROVA_SG2 mxd ArcMap ArcView File Edit View Insert Selection Tools Window Help
14. RE e FIELD This tool will transform the polygon shapefile of land use into a Raster Dataset containing the same information CELL SIZE optional L2 LOCATION OF THE LAND USE RASTER DATASET 5 i d OK Cancel Environments lt lt Hide Help Once it is opened follow these instructions Click the dropdown arrow and add the land use shapefile N Select the attribute field containing land use information 0 Set location and name for the Raster Land Use you are creating Choose the cell size for your raster Dataset see chapter 2 Click OK al 20 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS The Raster grid containing land use information will be immediately added to the display The choice of cell size is a very important step Choosing a size extremely small the computation in the next steps will be very slow without any improvement in the results On the contrary a big cell size is not able to discriminate object smaller than cell resolution loosing in this way information For these reasons it is very important to check the Land Use shapefile to identify the element with minimum width you want to represent and consequently choose cell size equal to or smaller than half of this width TOOLSET 1 RASTER LAND USE CREATION 21 Example Box you can find all the files described in EXAMPLE_BOX folder attached Click the dropdown arrow and add LandUse shapefile Select the attribute field LA
15. T 4 EVACUATION TIME MAP 8 BASINS 60 2 3 4 Browse your computer and set the evacuation speed you created the previous step of the analysis Choose the layer containing assembly points for your area Set name and location for your first temporary time map you can delete this grid after the analysis Select the raster grid you want to use as mask If you did not create it just put the constant value 1 by typing it This mask is useful because without using it you will find the highest evacuation time values inside cells belonging for example to lakes amp wetlands land use type To have a more realistic idea of the highest evacuation time for your study area you should filter those cells out Follow the instruction in the next Mask Creation Box to create a raster grid assigning NoData to all cells you do not want to consider as starting point and a constant value of 1 to all the rest If you do not want to use it please remember that the highest values maybe are not so realistic because it s very hard to imagine people starting their evacuation from inside a lake or a fishing pool for example EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 5 Set name and location of your evacuation time map after the correction with mask if you put the constant value of 1 in step 4 the result will be the same of step 3 6 Set name and location for the Flow direction raster grid This dataset will be useful for the evacuation routes visualizat
16. TOOLSET 2 RECLASSIFICATION 49 50 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 7 TOOLSET 3 EVACUATION SPEED MAP INVERSE This toolset and the related model will guide you towards the creation of the cost surface As already explained in the theoretical background chapter see Chap 2 the value of each cell of this surface represents the cost that must be spent to walk through it The cost will be computed combining the average speed of evacuation with the reclassified value of Land Use and slope Each cell of the output surface will contain the value of the inverse of the crossing speed or multiplying the value by the cell dimension the time necessary to walk through the cell Double Click on the EVACUATION SPEED MAP model see Fig 3 and follow the instruction TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS 51 52 EVACUATION SPEED MAP INVERSE 2 1 LAND USE RECLASSIFIED 2 EVACUATION SPEED MAP SLOPE RECLASSIFIED INVERSE Gives the value in seconds AVERAGE EVACUATION SPEED m sec for each cell of the grid of 5 the time needed to cross the cell INVERSE OF SPEED OF EVACUATION C Documents and Settings4Mario Impostazioni locali T emp 5 s I gt gt OK Environments lt lt Hide Help EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Select the reclassified land use dataset N Select the reclassified slope dataset Set name and location of the inverse speed
17. e_recl Raster Dataset inv_speed Raster Dataset time_map Raster Dataset flowdir Raster Dataset flowacc Raster Dataset basins_map Raster Dataset basins max area Shapefile step 3 step 4 step 5 step 6 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS
18. ement 3 Define the output cell size Choose the same value you chose for Land Use raster dataset 1 meter so put 1 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 4 Give name and destination folder to the Slope Raster Dataset you will obtain 5 Click OK The output is the desired Slope Raster Dataset TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 35 Example Box Select tin as the input surface from EXAMPLE BOX folder Check percent output measurement Leave the default value for z factor e g 1 Set to 1 the value for the cell size Set location and name for your slope Dataset Compare your result with the slope surface inside EXAMPLE BOX folder 36 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 0 0 1503 12 Kilometers SLOPE VALUES slope Value mm High 46 229668 Low 0 000000 TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 37 38 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 6 TOOLSET 2 RECLASSIFICATION Reclassification of land use and slope are basic steps of the analysis By this procedure you will give to each class of the two datasets a new value describing their capability to modify the speed of walking person The new values will represent how much the average speed will be conserved on the different land use types and slope values On a road supposed on a flat land for example the average speed will not be reduced so roads will have a new values of 100 representing a speed conservation of 100 In case of a person walking or running on a beach his
19. ion at the end of the process 7 Setname and location for the Flow accumulation grid Also this raster surface will be used at the end by the Hydrology Modelling interactive tool in the evacuation routes visualization 8 Set name and location for the Basins raster grid 9 Click OK Now you have values for each point of your area of the time needed to go to assembly point You also have a partition of the territory according to the shelter points TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS 61 Mask Creation Box Once you chose the land use elements you do not want to consider during the evacuation time calculation you can simply create the Raster Mask to be used on step 4 on this chapter To do this just use the RECLASSIFY LAND USE model described in chapter 6 1 By assigning the new values of NoData see chapter 6 1 step 3 to all the elements you want to filter out and 1 to all the other land use types you will obtain the desired mask Performing the calculation using such a filter mask will allow you to obtain more realistic evacuation time for your study area 62 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Example Box Select inv speed raster dataset from EXAMPLE BOX folder Choose REF SHELTER feature for the evacuation shelter layer Set name and location for your first temporary time map Select lakeswet mask dataset from the EXAMPLE BOX folder Set name and location for your evacuation time map correct Set name and locatio
20. n for the flow direction raster grid Set name and location for the flow accumulation dataset Set name and location for the basins raster grid Click OK 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 Compare your outputs with time and basins map dataset of the EXAMPLE BOX folder TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS 63 0 0 150 3 3 1 2 Kilometers EVACUATION TIME sec 271 3 301 600 E 3001 3300 501 500 5301 3600 901 1200 3601 3900 1201 1500 MN 4200 1501 1800 REF 5 1801 2100 2101 2400 3 2401 2700 time map raster dataset 64 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 0 01503 B 1 2 Kilometers BASINS MAP 8 EN ENE basins raster grid TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME BASINS 65 66 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 9 TOOLSET 5 BASINS STATISTICS MAXIMUM VALUE AND AREA Once basins raster dataset has been created it is possible to extract important information from it such as the area and the maximum value of evacuation time for each basin The output will be a polygon shapefile of basins with the attribute table containing area and maximum evacuation time value for each basin Double Click on the BASIN STATISTIC MAXIMUM VALUE AND AREA model see Fig 3 and follow the instruction
21. n of contour lines 28 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 1 Click Create Modify and Create TIN From Features 2 Check Topography on the left side of dialog box Create TIN From Features Inputs Check the layer s that will be used to create the TIN Click layer s name to specify its settings Layers 7 Settings for selected layer Topography O Coastline Feature type 2D lines C AREA_PROVA Height source Triangulate as hard line y Tag value field Dutput TIN IRINCRATERAGISASHAPENKHAOLSKAKL_SGADATI_BASEMtin2 Cancel 3 Set TP_ELEV as the Height source and hard line in the Triangulate as box TIN CREATION AND SLOPE EXTRACTION 29 4 Check Coasiline the left side of dialog box 5 Set TP_ELEV as the Height source and hard line in the Triangulate as box Create TIN From Features Inputs Check the layer s that will be used to create the TIN Click layer s name to specify its settings Layers Topography Coastline Feature type 2D lines L 4REA PROVA Height source EN y Triangulate as hard line Tag value field 5 Settings for selected layer Dutput TIN JAINCRATERAGISASHAPE KHAOLAKAKL_SGADATI_BASEMtin2 gt Cancel 30 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 6 Check AREA_PROVA AREA PROVA TEST AREA Inputs Check the layer s that will be used to create the TIN Click a layer s name to specify its settings Layers
22. nd name for your output 5 Click OK The result of these operations will be the new land use grid in which each value represent the capability of walking and running on that kind of surface TOOLSET 2 RECLASSIFICATION 41 Example Box Select luseraster grid from Land Use type New Values CASE_STUDY folder Bench 70 Choose Land use as the field to be 5 reclassified Coconuts trees 65 Give the new values following the _ table Fishing pools 3 Choose name and location for your High grass reclassified land use Wetlands Look at luse_recl grid into EXAMPLE BOX folder Rivers amp Channels Roads Rubber trees Reclassification table for land use 42 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 0 0 150 3 0 6 0 9 12 Kilometers SPEED CONSERVATION m2 mu mn 5 55 NH 65 E 70 100 TOOLSET 2 5 43 6 2 RECLASSIFY SLOPE model The same criterion must now be applied for the slope reclassification procedure Double Click on the RECLASSIFY SLOPE model see Fig 3 and the dialog box represented below will be shown 1 Select the slope raster dataset to be reclassified 2 Select the reclass field normally the only option is the Value field 3 Before proceeding is better to Classify your slope by dividing it into intervals 44 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS RECLASSIFY SLOPE 2 Help SLOPE
23. o given points within the domain For our scope we are interested in the fastest and consequently less 6 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS expensive path between point within the domain an assembly point To achieve this purpose G I S gives us the opportunity to compute a CWD Surface in respect to a starting point where the value of each cell is the CWD between cell and the starting point With CWD Surface it is very easy to find the fastest path between the starting point and any other point in the domain in particular in respect to the assembly point to identify the best evacuation route The method illustrated above have a big limitation it needs to compute one surface for each starting point we want to consider to avoid this it is possible to create the CWD Surface in a better way Instead of defining the CWD Surface as the distance between starting point and each cell in the domain it is possible to define it as the distance between each cell and the evacuation points safe areas that can be more than one The value of each cell is the CWD between cell and the closest evacuation point In this way it will be very easy to compute the escape route from every point within the domain THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 7 Legend 0 37 575 150 Meters 225 Fig 2 CWD Surface computed using 6 evacuation points EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS We can also look at the CWD Surface as topographic surface
24. ose them according to the same criterion you used for land use reclassification speed conservation 5 Set name and location for your reclassified slope 6 Click OK Once you created and reclassified your Land Use and slope you are ready to start using Cost Functions in order to create CWD Surface and analyze it for evacuation routes calculation TOOLSET 2 RECLASSIFICATION 47 Example Box Select slope grid from EXAMPLE BOX folder Slope New Values 0 3 100 3 6 85 6 9 70 Click Classify on the right of the dialog 9 12 55 box up on this page you find representation of these steps Select Value field for reclassification 12 15 45 15 18 40 18 21 35 24 30 Define 3 the value for the interval size Click Ok 27230 Give the new values for the 30 33 reclassification following the table on 33 36 bottom Choose Defined Interval on the Classification Method drop down arrow 36 39 Set name and location for your 39 42 reclassified slope 42 45 T Click Ok and compare your result with 45 48 slope recl grid on the EXAMPLE BOX NoData NoData folder Reclassification values table for slope 48 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 0 0 150 3 1 2 Kilometers SPEED CONSERVATION for SLOPE C 10 ES 40 11 45 12 EU 55 13 E 70 15 ESE 85 20 100 25 730 135
25. ou want inside your study area The polyline graphic elements you obtain show you the costless and so fastest path to reach the best shelter starting from that point If you are interested in transforming these graphic elements into shapefiles you can use the ConvertGraphicsToFeatures tool you find into the EVACUATION ROUTES DEFINITION folder provided in attachment to this manual EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 81 Following the instructions described into the ConvertGraphicsToFeatures_readme txt file you will install the tool button on your toolbar and you will be able to save the graphic objects representing evacuation routes into a polyline shapefile 82 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS m um msOo 0 150 300 600 900 1200 EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 83 84 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS REFERENCES 1 McCoy J Johnston Kopp S et al Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst ESRI 232 2002 2 Bratt S Booth B Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst ESRI pp 374 2004 3 McCoy J Geoprocessing in ArcGIS ESRI 101 219 241 333 2004 Internet references 1 http Awww esri com 2 http Avww edn esri com 3 http edn esri com index cfm fa codeExch sampleDetail amp pg arcobjects 9 1 Samples SpatialAn alyst HydrologicModeling HydrologicModeling htm Hydrologic Modeling extension 4 http arcscripts es
26. r rrt e 44 7 Toolset 3 EVACUATION SPEED MAP INVERSE eem 51 8 Toolset 4 EVACUATION TIME 8 57 9 Toolset 5 BASINS STATISTICS MAXIMUM VALUE AND AREA 67 10 Evacuation routes visualization Hydrology Modeling interactive properties 73 10 1 Installation of Hydrologic Modeling 73 10 2 Interactive properties settings and Evacuation routes visualization 79 BEFERENGES 85 Le WS 87 1 INTRODUCTION The tsunami event occurred 26th December 2004 South Eastern Asia caused more than 200 000 casualties along the coasts of Indonesia Thailand Malaysia India Sri Lanka and other countries facing the Indian Ocean Tsunami was initiated by an extremely high magnitude earthquake 9 3 on the Richter scale localized a few kilometres eastward of Sumatra s coasts along the subductive system characterized by the Sunda Arc Because of the presence of this active tectonic margin a new tsunami event can not be excluded in the future This is the reason why mitigation measures for tsunami risk must be planned and implemented as soon as possible by the different authorities Evacuation plans are widely considered as
27. ri com details asp dbid 12830 Convert Graphics to Features tool REFERENCES 85 86 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS APPENDIX Compulsory Input Land Use shapefile Elevation contour lines Shelter points Optional Input Study Area borders Coast Line Raster Mask Output Land Use raster grid TIN 3d model of terrain Slope raster surface Land Use reclassified grid REFERENCES Files used Text Reference Chapter 4 Chapter 5 1 Chapter 8 Chapter 5 1 Chapter 5 1 Chapter 8 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 1 Chapter 5 2 Chapter 6 1 step1 step 1 step 1 step 3 step 3 step 4 step 3 step 4 step 4 step 4 Example Box Reference LandUse Shapefile Topography Shapefile REF SHELTER Shapefile AREA PROVA Shapefile Coastline Shapefile lakeswet mask Raster Dataset luserastergrid Raster Dataset tin TIN Dataset slope Raster Dataset Raster Dataset 87 Slope reclassified grid Inverse of evacuation speed grid Evacuation Time map corrected Flow Direction surface Flow accumulation surface Basins grid Basins shapefile Temporary files to delete Chapter 6 2 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Evacuation Time map before mask correction Raster grid of maximum values of basins Temporary Raster Dataset Temporary Feature Class 88 step 5 step 4 step 5 step 6 step 7 step 8 step 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Chapter 9 slop
28. s EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 67 68 BASIN STATISTICS MAXIMUM VALUE AND AREA BASINS GRID EVACUATION TIME z 8 Statistics type optional MAXIMUM v MAXIMUM VALUE EXTRAPOLATION RASTER TEMPORARY RASTER TEMPORARY FEATURE CLASS MAXIMUM VALUE AREA FOR EACH BASIN SHAPEFILE gt OK Environments lt lt Hide Help 2 BASIN STATISTICS MAXIMUM VALUE sing this model you will extrapolate the maximum value of each basin The final output will be a polygon shapefile containing for each basin information about the area and maximum time value EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 1 Select the basins grid you created with EVACUATION TIME amp BASINS toolset of this toolbox 2 Set the evacuation time map 3 Choose the statistics type you want to perform MAXIMUM is set by default because its exactly the value we want to extract at the moment 4 Set name and location of the raster dataset in which each cell is given the highest value you would find in its own basin 5 Set name and location of a temporary raster grid the toolset utilize for next calculation It is of no use for the analysis so it can be deleted at the end 6 Set name and location of a temporary feature class It can be deleted at the end of the process 7 Set name and location of the shape file containing area and maxim
29. speed will be certainly reduced so the conservation value must be less than 100 for example 70 It means that his speed has been reduced of 30 Inside the RECLASSIFICATION toolset you find RECLASSIFY LAND USE and RECLASSIFY SLOPE models that will help you through this process TOOLSET 2 RECLASSIFICATION 39 6 1 RECLASSIFY LAND USE model Double click on the RECLASSIFY LAND USE model icon see Fig 3 and start filling the dialog box following next indications RECLASSIFY LAND USE DER RASTER LAND USE TO RECLASSIFY D NLAVORINCRATERSGISNSHAPENKHAQOLAKNKL SG v RECLASS FIELD RECLASSIFICATION VALUES RECLASSIFY LAND USE This tool will guide you through the reclassification of Old values New values Land Use grid beach 0 buildings lakes amp wetlands Unique cocconuts_tree 4 rivers amp channels Add Entry Delete Entries Load Save Reverse New Values Precision LOCATION AND NAME OF THE RECLASSIFIED LAND USE GRID DALAVORINCRATERAGISNSHAPENKHADLAKNKL SGNCASE ZZ roads rubber trees fishing pools v x Cancel Environments lt lt Hide Help 40 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 1 Browse your computer and set the land use Raster Dataset you want to reclassify 2 Select the field containing land use type information 3 Set the new values you want to assign to each land use type according to the speed conservation criterion 4 Choose location a
30. the shortest path which is the direct line between point and the assembly point In fact this line could intersect natural barriers buildings rivers lakes sandy areas or have a very high slope All these things can reduce dramatically velocity of movement or block it completely For this reason when we compute a distance between two points we must not consider only the geometric distance but also the cost in term of time energy etc to move along a particular path In this way we replace the concept of distance with a concept of Cost Weighted Distance CWD If we represent the territory in raster format the CWD to move from a cell to another is calculated as CWD cost cell resolution THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 5 Starting point cost 1 starting point cost 1 End point cost 2 a1 cost 1 cost 2 2 a1 1 4142 cost 1 cost 2 2 Horizontal and verticle Horizontal and verticle node calculations node calculations Fig 1 Computation of CWD between two adjacent cells The very important step is to define the cost of every cell creating a Cost Surface this could be done by using Land Use information and all the elements that can be useful to define the cost and slope data of territory Using as cost the inverse of velocity of moving the CWD between two point will be the time needed to go from one point to the other Once the cost of all cells is defined it is easy to calculate the CWD between tw
31. tput and the related attribute table with the basins area shp polygon shapefile you can find into your EXAMPLE BOX folder EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 71 0 0 150 3 E 1 2 Kilometers MAX EVACUATION TIME FOR EACH BASIN sec 33 759 Bos 333 752 Bo seo 5 4194 1041 SHELTER oo mI 1542 c 2002 EH 702 2546 Basins max area polygo shapefile The field GRIDCODE Maximum evacuation time is displayed 72 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS 10 EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES Following the similarity between CWD Surface and topography surface described in chapter 2 we can use Hydrologic tool To do this ESRI extension for ArcGIS 9 0 named Hydrologic Modeling must be installed 10 1 Installation of Hydrologic Modeling extension The procedure required to install Hydrologic Modeling tool is the same commonly used for any other ArcGIS 9 0 extension Follow instructions below if you feel you might need help during the process EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 73 74 Senza titolo ArcMap ArcView File Edit Yiew Insert Selection Tools Window Help D IM Ss ag m Editor Toolbar Graphs 3D Analyst Layer ph gt Reports gt Spatial Analyst 7 Layer
32. um value for each of the basins 8 Click OK EVACUATION ROUTES VISUALIZATION HYDROLOGY MODELING INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES 69 Looking at the attribute table of your output you will find maximum evacuation time values in the attribute field called GRIDCODE all the values are expressed as integer numbers and area values in the field called F_AREA 70 Attributes of basin_max_area Shape m GRIDCODE 0 F AREA 9 Polygon 433736 531272 Polygon 97826 879614 Polygon 124515 16094 Polygon 4 3523 1512766 76146 Polygon 1039420 49977 Polygon 162023 516474 Polygon 202785 535245 Polygon 3453913 44545 Polygon 161967 670861 Polygon 144869 323291 QT 1648761 58263 Dalwann 444 459 225499 Record ZH m Show nr Suec Records 0 out of 17 Selected EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS Example Box Browse to the EXAMPLE BOX folder and select basins raster dataset Set time map raster dataset from the same folder Leave the default statistics type MAXIMUM Set name and location of the raster grid containing for each basin the maximum value extracted from time map Set name and location of a temporary raster dataset you will delete at the end of the process Set name and location of a temporary feature class layer Set name and location of the polygon shape file of basins containing area and maximum evacuation time values Click OK and compare your ou
33. you create the assembly points layer you should also insert 4 points representing imaginary corners completely outside the study area this is necessary because the Cost Distance algorithm perform its analysis only in the area included by the source points With this trick the analysis will be performed for the whole study area TOOLSET 4 EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS 57 Looking at the map and the related values you can suddenly notice which parts of the area need more time to be evacuated Second output of the toolset will be a basin map the application of hydrological criteria to the virtual surface created will allows you to divide the whole space into basins very similar to the drainage ones In our case they will represent the portions of the area referring to each of the shelter points Double Click on the EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS model see Fig 3 and fill the dialog box following the indications 58 EVACUATION ROUTES TOOLS EVACUATION TIME amp BASINS LI Help INVERSE SPEED OF EVACUATION CC a EVACUATION TIME MAP amp BASINS EVACUATION SHELTERS This model will calculate evacuation time for each cell of EVACUATION TIME the area It will also provide you the portions of the area basins referring to each shelter RASTER MASK EVACUATION TIME MAP CORRECT L2 FLOW DIRECTION GRID FLOW ACCUMULATION GRID BASINS GRID 2 TOOLSE
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search