Home

Laird PRM113 Datasheet

1. 26 www lairdtech com COMMAND QUICK REFERENCE Table 8 provides an at a glance view of all available AT commands TABLE 8 COMMAND QUICK REFERENCE UTILITY COMMANDS Enter AT Command Mode Exit AT Command Mode Enter Sleep Soft Reset Restore Factory Settings and Soft Reset STATUS COMMANDS Status Request Check Status Registry Bin Analyzer Read Temperature ON THE FLY COMMANDS Change Channel Change Server Client Set Broadcast Mode Read IRAM Write IRAM Write Destination Address Read Destination Address Auto Destination Channel Read API Control Write API Control Read Digital Input Read ADC Get Last RSSI Write Digital Outputs Write PWM Set Power Control EEPROM COMMANDS EEPROM Byte Read EEPROM Byte Write Write Flash Decrypt New Image Erase Flash Read Flash Set Vendor ID lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x0D gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x0D gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt Mode gt lt Res gt lt Timer H gt lt Timer L gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xFF gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xFF gt lt 0xDF gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x01 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x8F gt lt Data gt lt Optional NumRuns gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xA4 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x02 gt lt Channel gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x03 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x08 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x0A gt lt Location gt lt 0xCC gt
2. 3 Response lt OxCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status gt Parameter Range lt Data gt 0x02 Server 0x03 Client lt Firmware gt Radio Firmware version lt Status gt 0x02 Server 0x03 Clients In Range 0x01 Client not In Range Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x08 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt Data gt Parameter Range lt Data gt 0x00 Disable Broadcast Mode 0x01 Enable Broadcast Mode Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x0A gt lt Location gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt Value gt Parameter Range lt Location gt Dependant of parameter lt Value gt 0x00 0xFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 30 www lairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Write IRAM This command is used to change the IRAM contents The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed via the IRAM commands will take effect immediately and will remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are Range Refresh 0x3D RF Channel 0x41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Pack
3. Multipoint to point networks will not benefit from using a single pair of lines as the central point won t be able to tell where the line change was sourced Multiple control lines are available though so up to four pairs of lines can be used simultaneously Likewise analog inputs can be used Address 0x57 bit 4 as the input with a PWM output on the remote radio though analog states will only be transmitted when a Utility packet is sent which are only triggered by the change of a Digital Input Threshold settings are not available on analog Inputs Output lines will be initialized at boot according to Remote I O Status Address 0xC9 0xCA for the Digital lines and PWM Init Address OxC8 for the PWM output Which control lines are used in Remote I O is set by the Remote I O Control bit field Address 0x60 Note TxD RxD is one pair of Remote I O lines available If this pair is used the module will not respond to Commands and will not be able to transmit or receive serial data If this pair is enabled Force 9600 must be Low at boot to disable Remote VO if serial communications are desired Bit 0 se GIO 4 GIO 0 Bit 1 se GIO 8 GIO 1 Bit 2 se GIO 7 GIO 3 Bit 3 se CMD Data GIO 2 Bit 4 se RTS CTS Bit 5 se RXD TXD Bit 6 clear Bit 7 clear All I O are Outputs Bit 6 set Bit 7 clear All 1 0 are Inputs Bit 7 se Inputs and Outputs are as specified in table GIO 8 Pin 18 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev O and 0050 00196 rev 2 and bel
4. Settings are Output bit 7 PWM Output Port bit 6 PWM Output Port bit 5 Use Average RSSI 0 Ignore RSSI Lag and report instantaneous RSSI 1 Uses RSSI Lag and reports moving average of RSSI bit 4 Invert Report O PWM Outputs higher duty cycle for a stronger signal 1 PWM Outputs lower duty cycle for a stronger signal bit 3 Unintended Report 0 Disable Unintended report 1 Reports RSSI on packets not intended for this transceiver bit 2 Broadcast Report 0 Disable Broadcast Report Reports RSSI on Broadcast packets received bit 1 Addressed Report 0 Disables Addressed Report 1 Reports RSSI on packets specifically addressed to this transceiver bit 0 Beacon Report 0 Disables Beacon Report 1 Reports RSSI on the beacon from the Server PWM Output Port The OEM can control which ports are used for PWM Output ay to the alado table Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM PARAMETERS 23 wwwiairdtech com TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED When set the transceiver will send Server or listen Client for a beacon on hops spaced by the Beacon Skip number On a Client once the Beacon Skip count is reached the Client will listen every hop until it successfully hears a beacon It will then wait a number Beacon Skip Destination MAC Address System ID MAC Address Part Numbers User Memory API Control Random Backoff 0x6F 0x70 0x76 0x80 0x90 OxAO
5. in range in less could extend the maximum time than 13ms indefinitely Hop Period In Range 13 19ms Hop Period Out of Range Client only 38 4ms Reset Pulse 250ns PWM Output Period 315 077uS Restore Default EEPROM 10ms 38ms Restore command also initiates Command a soft reset so monitoring CTS is the best indication of a completed command Non Specific AT Command ims 10ms Some AT Commands could wait indefinitely for a response Write Flash For FW Upgrade Read Flash Decrypt Image RF HOP FRAME The LT2510 will hop every 13 19ms and can be configured for two different RF Data Rates to provide options for range or throughput During each hop the LT2510 reserves a certain amount of time for overhead such as the synchronization beacon internal messaging and user data transmission The diagrams below outline the various transmissions that occur during a hop These transmissions are transparent to the user sending data but may be useful for applications that require critical timing User data is only transmitted during the data slots and after the Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size criteria has been met Data transmission will only begin at the beginning of a data slot When configured for Full Duplex data slot 1 is reserved for the Server and data slot 2 is shared by all Clients for transmissions 2 s 7 F 7 RF Data Rate 500kbps 8 gE Bu A Gig lt A Ea U 1 19ms 4 89ms 4 89ms 2 22ms z DU z T F RF
6. Bytes Returned 3 Response lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Last byte gt Parameter Range lt Start gt EEPROM address to begin writing at lt Length gt Length of data to be written lt Data gt Data to be written lt Last byte gt Value of last byte written Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Vid_H gt lt Vid_L gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Value gt Parameter Range lt Vid H gt 0x00 0xFF lt Vid L gt 0x00 0xFF lt Value gt If Vid is set the response will be 0x00 0x00 If Vid is not set the response will be OxFF OxFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES 33 wwwiairdtech com OVERVIEW In FW versions 1 3 x and above it is possible to upgrade the active firmware running on the module via the serial interface TI access to a he Windows OEM Configuration Utility v5 07 and above can perform this operation for modules with PC but for embedded applications it may be necessary for the OEM to program the FW upgrade through a microcontroller Upgrade of the FW over the air is not supported on the LT2510 The firmware upgrade procedure will not affect the radio EEPROM settings except to update the version number UPGRAD Upgrading when the L be used to To perform il 2 oOo N DM fF ING VIA WINDOWS OEM CONFIGURATION UTILITY through the OEM Configurat
7. Data Rate 280kbps E n 3 3 H a o Elo N lt 0 0 wo 3 2 e o wo lt E 1 19ms 13 19ms 6 wwwiairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module HARDWARE INTERFACE 7 www lairdtech com PIN DESCRIPTIONS RXD and TXD The LT2510 accepts 3 3 VDC TTL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin Data is sent from the transceiver at 3 3V levels to the OEM Host via the TXD pin Pins should be left floating or high when not in use Leaving the RXD tied Low will result in the radio transmitting garbage serial data across the RF Force 9600 When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting the transceiver s serial interface is forced to 9600 8 N 1 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit regardless of actual EEPROM setting The interface timeout is also set to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF Data Rate To exit the transceiver must be reset or power cycled with Test pin logic High or disconnected When enabled in the EEPROM 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up command boot OxCC OxFF and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be Low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin will be used for all boot
8. EEPROM PARAMETERS 18 wwwiairdtech com The LT2510 utilizes a server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a Server and all other radios configured as Clients When a radio is configured as a Server it will transmit a beacon at the beginning of each hop Radios configured as Clients will default to a receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a Server in their network When a Client detects the Server s beacon the client will synchronize to it and transition the InRange pin Low When the Server and the Client are synchronized they can begin transferring data TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS Product ID 0x00 Range Refresh 0x3D Channel 0x40 Number Mode 0x41 Server Client Baud Rate 0x42 Baud M 0x43 Baud E 0x44 Control O 0x45 Transmit 0x4C Retries 0x23 1 1 1 0x01 OxFF 79 Hops 0x00 0x4E 43 Hops 0x00 0x2A 0x01 Server 0x02 Client 0x00 0x0A OxE3 0x00 OxFF 0x00 OxFF Bit Adjustable 0x01 OxFF 0x48 0x00 0x02 0x09 0x00 0x02 0x88 0x03 Product identifier string Includes revision information for software and hardware Specifies the maximum amount of time a transceiver will report In Range without having heard a Server s beacon Equal to hop period value do not set to 0x00 Selects a unique hopping sequence in order to demarcate colloc
9. Frequency Hopping algorithm which ensures minimal interference between networks The possible interference between collocated networks is given by the equation Maximum number of interfering bins of collocated Servers 1 For example with 10 collocated networks there will be up to 9 bins every hop cycle that are occupied by more than one network at the same time Although two or more networks might occupy the same hop bin at the same time there will truly only be interference if two or more radios from alternate networks are trying to transmit on the same bin at the same time in the same coverage area ADJUSTABLE RF DATA RATE The LT2510 s RF data rate can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range TABLE 6 RF DATA RATE PRM110 111 112 113 0x00 500 kbps 43 94 dBm 250 kbps 120 121 122 123 PRM110 111 120 121 0x01 280 kbps 79 98 dBm 120 kbps PRM110 111 112 113 0x03 280 kbps 43 98 dBm 120 kbps 120 121 122 123 1 Throughput is ideal one direction with no retransmissions All practical RF applications should allow for the retransmission of data due to interference or less than ideal RF conditions Deciding which RF Data Rate to choose depends on the individual application The fast RF Data Rate will deliver much faster throughput but will have much less range In addition because the lower data rate solution uses more hops it is better situated for collocated networks In firmware version 1 2
10. OxC1 OxC3 1 a 16 16 1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 0x00 OxFF 0x00 0x01 OxFF 0x00 0xFF OxFF 0x01 0x00 OxFF 0x00 0x00 OxFF of hops specified by the Beacon Skip before listening agai n Enabling this will allow the transceiver to conserve power by disabling its RF circuitry during the beacon time Enabling this on the Server will cause substantially longer sync times on the Clients Specifies de stination for RF packets Only the last four LSBs are used for RF Communication Similar to network password Radios must have the same System ID to communicate with each other Factory set unique MAC Address of radio Only the last four L SBs are used for RF Communication Factory set part number for the unit This memory is the radio The reserved host memory and will never be used by host is free to use this memory as desired and it will only be modified when instructed to do so by the host Settings are b it 7 Broadcast Mode 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 6 Inrange High on Wake bit 5 Sleep Calibration Enable bit 4 Disable Status Bin bi bi The transceivers uti bi 0 Use Status Bin Ignore Status Bin 3 Unicast Only 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 2 Send Data Complete API 0 Disable Enable 1 Transmit API 0 Disable 1 Enable t 0 Receive API 0 Disable Enable ize a Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA protocol with Random
11. Pluggable LT2510 uses a single row header with 2mil spacing The Mill Max 831 43 010 10 001000 is used on the LT2510 development kit as a mating connector Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 41 wwwlairdtech com MECHANICAL DRAWING FIGURE 7 FORM FACTOR SMT MODULE PCB Mounting Top View Side View 0 141 0 031 0 000 ee Top View 0 079 typ e 1 000 0 875 0 619 0 381 0 125 0 000 O QO LO Mm wo 19 10 O N O YMN ON Sa OSON O Oo oo RF Shield Aa U FL Antenna Connector Keep area under the module free of other components or any traces and copper on the outer layer DD00000000 5 18 10 019 1 130 S PCB Pad Pattern Top View 722 TERE HEH BEEBE amp _____ os 0 080 0 080 E 0930 1 070 1 000 le 4 435 ag ob i 0 205 0 079 typ U FL Antenna Connector 4 000 Pad Detail 0 810 0 079 typ RF Test Probe 0 000 gt i 0 040 0 070 Notes All dimensions are 005 inches PC Board Material is 0 031 thick FR4 Board edge connections are 0 031 plated holes Not to exceed 265 degrees C during soldering Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 42 wwwairdtech com FIGURE 7 MOISTURE CONTENT WARNING pon inidan ap MOISTURE SENS
12. SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES 35 wwwiairdtech com The length of this command is dictated by the dynamic memory heap If the heap is mostly free then a length of lt StartAddress 1 01 gt 0x00 0x00 0x3A OxFF up to 700 bytes could be accepted However if the heap lt Length 1 0l gt 0x00 0x00 0x02BC is full the command will return with an error or possibly rios no response at all if the heap is completely full COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Read Flash Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt This command is used to read the encrypted image of Length 1 0 the flash that resides on the radio module If the image Number of Bytes Returned 5 has already been decrypted then this command will report an error Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt Result gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt lt Data gt Parameter Range lt BytesToWrite gt The actual data being written lt Result gt 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out 0x06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 Image Already Decrypted 0x02 Not Enough Free Memory try the command again with a shorter Length lt Data gt Contents of Flash PROCESS TO MANUALLY UPGRADE LT2510 Using the above AT commands it is possible to upgrade a LT2510 over the UART from a microcontroller or other device The basic steps to do this are 1 Make sure the OEM Host has a copy of an encrypted binary firmw
13. UM LT2510 0509 11 05 09 15 09 Added NZH An 8 09 10 14 09 11 12 7 09 4 09 02 15 10 06 09 10 08 03 10 02 04 11 05 06 11 LT2510 LT2510 LT2510 LT2510 LT2510 LT2510 User Manua User Manua User Manua User Manua User Manua User Manua Updates tenna amp CE Updates and Additions Updates and Additions Updates and Additions Updates and Additions Updates and Additions Full release for FW v2 4 1 Full release for FW v2 4 1 Updated default parameters in manual to match those in module Full release for FW v2 9 0 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module TABLE OF CONTENTS www lairdtech com CONTENTS 72510 Transceiver Module 2 LT2510 Key Features zoa cisne cmiacao 2 OVErVIEW peoe eakas 2 Specifications sses Detailed Specifications Pin Definitions s is Block Diagram s sisien 5 Timing Specifications oo 6 Hop Frame si meros tear gigas nora 6 Hardware Interface 7 PinDescriptons sics ua ancrcaeaishecane 7 Theory Of Operation 8 Server Client Architecture us 8 Adjustable RF Data Rate 8 Modes Of Operation Serial Interface Baud Rate Interface Timeout RF Packet Size 10 Flow Control 12 Radio Configurations s s s 12 EEPROM Parameters 18 Configuring The 172510 25 AT CommandS a cscs sisters 25 Command
14. be liable for any damage or failure caused by misuse abuse acts of God accidents electrical irregularity or other causes beyond Laird Technologies control or claim by other than the original purchaser In no event shall Laird Technologies be responsible or liable for any damages arising From the use of product From the loss of use revenue or profit of the product or As a result of any event circumstance action or abuse beyond the control of Laird Technologies whether such damages be direct indirect consequential special or otherwise and whether such damages are incurred by the person to whom this warranty extends or third party If after inspection Laird Technologies determines that there is a defect Laird Technologies will repair or replace the OEM transceiver at their discretion If the product is replaced it may be a new or refurbished product LT2510 Wireless Module REVISION HISTORY www lairdtech com REVISION HISTORY Revision Version 1 0 Version 1 0 1 Version 1 0 2 Version 1 0 3 Version 1 0 4 1 Version 1 1 Version 1 1 4 1 Version 1 1 4 2 Version 1 1 4 3 Version 1 1 4 4 Version 1 1 4 5 Version 1 1 4 6 Version 1 1 4 7 Version 1 2 Version 1 3 Version 1 4 Version 1 5 Description 07 21 08 Initial Release Version 8 25 08 Updated name to LT2510 10 8 08 Changed Modulation and RF Data Rate 7 08 Added TX API and Adjustable RF Data Rate 2 4 08 Engineering Updates 03 13 09 LWS
15. command will reload the factory default EEPROM command FW1 5 0 e Added profile 0x03 280kbps RF data rate 43 hops This profile is legal for both FCC and CE markets Profile 0x02 which also supports 280kbps and 43 hops is only permitted in FCC markets The two profiles are not over the air compatible with each other FW1 6 e Prior to this release Auto Config could only correctly set Interface Timeout if a standard baud rate was used Selecting non standard baud rates required Auto Config to be disabled and Interface Timeout to be set by the user This version and forward Interface Timeout can set by the radio regardless of baud rate selection provided Auto Config is disabled e Added RS 485 Driver Enable control pin e Added RSSI functionality to the PWM output pin e Added Vendor ID e Prior to this release pin 13 Gl 0 was configured as an output It is now an input e Added 485 DE RE to Auto Config If Auto Config is disabled 485 DE RE Delay must be set manually FW 1 9 e Corrected issue with Deep Sleep command where the module would sometimes remain awake after issuing the command FW2 0 e Corrected issue with FIFO buffer which could have resulted in lost packets when using Broadcast transmissions 49 wwwiairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module LT2510 FIRMWARE FW2 1 HISTORY e Added hop delineation for transmissions e Moved 485 timers from Auto Config when Address 0x57 bit 5 is set e Added Au
16. e All 1 0 is 3 3V TTL e All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20kOhm pull up resistor and may be left floating during normal operation e Minimum Connections VCC VPA GND TXD amp RXD e Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver e Unused pins should be left disconnected 4 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS 5 www lairdtech com TABLE 3 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS UP_Reset 0 8v RTS 2 31v AD In N Av All other inputs 70 Vcc TABLE 4 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Vcc Vcc Vcc Vcc Ov Ov Ov Ov 0 6v 99v N A 30 Vcc GO_0 2 5v GO_1 2 5v PWM_Output N A All other inputs 2 5v BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1 includes a functional Block Diagram of the transceiver module 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v 3 3v Ov Ov Ov 0 4v 0 4v N A 0 4v 20mA 20mA 4mA 4mA Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 5 TIMING SPECIFICATIONS Power on to CTS Low ms 10ms N A The first boot after a FW upgrade will require more than the typical amount of time for CTS to toggle Low EEPROM Read 800us Ims 2ms Measured from last byte of command to first byte of response 870us for 1 byte 1 1ms for 80bytes 1 4ms for 256bytes EEPROM Write 20ms 30ms 40ms Measured EEPROM writes will cause the radio to resyncrhonize Power on to In Range Client only 13ms 600ms 1700ms Maximum time assuming all server will go beacons are heard RF interference
17. gt Parameter Range lt Error gt 0x00 success 0x09 firmware not complete lt Page gt 0x00 no error 0x10 0x1E corresponds to first page in memory _ thatneedsto be upgraded Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x8F gt lt Control gt lt NumRuns Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x01 gt Bin Response Stream lt OxCC gt lt Bin gt lt RSSI_1 gt lt RSSI_2 gt Parameter Range lt Control gt 0x00 Turn Bin Analyzer Off 0x01 Turn Bin Analyzer On lt NumRuns gt 0x00 Continuous 0x01 OxFF Number of runs bins lt Bin gt Bin from 0 to max bin number according to the selected RF Profile lt RSSI_1 gt How strongly the remote radio heard the local radio s bin request lt RSSI_2 gt How strongly the local radio heard the remote radio s response Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 29 www lairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Read Temperature The OEM Host issues this command to read the onboard temperature sensor Note The temperature sensor is uncalibrated and has a tolerance of 3 C For calibration instructions contact Laird Technologies technical support Change Channel The OEM Host issues this command to set a new RF Channel Number Change Server Client The OEM Host issues this command to set the module as a Server or a Client on the fly Set Broadcast Mode The Host issues
18. having a maximum gain of 2 5dBi Antennas having a gain greater than the maximum allowed are strictly prohibited for use with this device The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms CE TESTED ANTENNA LIST WIC2450 A Laird Technologies Chip 2 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 2 WCP2400 Laird Technologies Dipole 2 2150 00006 NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies Dipole 1 The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Antennas listed in this table have been tested with the LT2510 JAPAN APPROVED ANTENNA LIST Part Numbers PRM122 and PRM123 are approved for use in Japanese Markets with the antennas listed below The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms JAPAN APPROVED ANTENNA LIST WIC2450 A Laird Technologies Chip 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S Nearson Dipole 2 INDICATIONS OF SYMBOLS ON EQUIPMENT The symbols listed below shall be indicated on the main unit of the radio equipment The symbols in the same format shall be indicated also on the package The following figure is intended to serve as an example Refer to ARIB STD T66 for details Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module 48 wwwiairdtech com ANATEL CERTIFICATIONS FOR BRAZIL The following part numbers PRM110 PRM111 PRM120 and PRM121 are approved for use in Brazil Contact your sales representative about ordering fully certified modules that have been customized to m
19. holes Not to exceed 260 degrees C during soldering Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 39 www lairdtech com MECHANICAL DRAWING FIGURE 5 FORM FACTOR SMD U FL PCB Mounting Top View 0 080 1 435 Side View 0 141 o 0 031 0 000 Top View 0 079 typ E 1 000 0 875 0 619 0 381 0 125 0 000 on KY SN O OF O A OD oes 66 1 095 1 275 Keep area under the module free of other components or any traces and copper on the outer layer PCB Pad Pattern Top View A B88 BB 0 381 a l p 0 080 0 i 1 i ii 1 000 a 88 0 205 oe pip i E RF Shield 0 079 typ U FL Antenna Connector U FL Antenna Connector 1 000 Pad Detau 0 810 0 079 typ RF Test Probe 0 000 0 040 0 070 Notes All dimensions are 005 inches PC Board Material is 0 031 thick FR4 Board edge connections are 0 031 plated holes Not to exceed 265 degrees C during soldering Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 40 wwwairdtech com MECHANICAL DRAWING FIGURE 6 FORM FACTOR PLUGGABLE side view Integral Antenna me Ge o i 0 020 square pin 20 places ee E Seas a pad pattern top view top view UFL Antenna Connecter RF Test Probe Ah 1 000000000 0 062 pad 0 033 hole 20 places ol 1 185 1 420 0 079 typ 0 960 The
20. odds of successful delivery to the intended receivers Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter will send the RF packet to the receivers If a receiver detects a packet error it will throw out the packet This will continue until the transmitter exhausts all of its attempts Once the receiver successfully receives the packet it will send the packet to the OEM host It will throw out any duplicates caused by further Broadcast Attempts The received packet will only be sent to the OEM host if it is received free of errors Because broadcast packets have no RF acknowledgement each packet is transmitted the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts This makes for very inefficient use of the available bandwidth therefore it is recommended that Broadcast Attempts be set as Low as possible and that broadcast packets be limited in use Note Setting to 0 is equal to 256 Destination Address EEPROM 0x70 0x75 The Destination Address is simply the MAC IEEE address of the intended receiver on the network In Addressed Mode the RF packet is sent out to the intended receiver designated by the Destination Address Only the four LSBs Least Significant Bytes of the Destination Address are actually used for packet delivery This field is ignored if Broadcast Mode Auto Destination or Transmit API is enabled Disable Status Bin EEPROM 0xC1 bit 4 When set disables the reception on the status slot of the bin The result is that the Bin Analyzer
21. should not be calculated on the first attempt This issue has been present since inception e Fixed a problem where Remote RSSI is not reported correctly by Send Data Complete and Bin Analyzer commands This has been present since v1 6 0 e Fixed a problem where a radio with Sniff Report enabled was prevented from acknowledging a unicast packet for which it was the destination This has been present since v2 4 1 e Added Disable Status Bin to optionally reduce average current by 1mA e Added support for the LT1110 family PRM 2xx of 900MHz modules While this does not affect the T2510 in any way it provides the benefit that the same code base is used for both product families e To accommodate a larger firmware image the upgrade procedure has been modified The commands all remain the same but there are nuances that are noted in this manual global local Americas 1 800 492 2320 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Asia 852 2268 6567 wirelessinfo lairdtech com www lairdtech com wireless 50
22. the maximum amount of time a transceiver will report In Range without having heard a server s beacon It is adjustable in hop periods Do not set to 0 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 15 wwwiairdtech com Remote I O Mode Address 0x57 bit 3 Remote I O Mode allows GPIOs on two radios to be joined together so their states will be reflected on the other radio Enabling Remote I O Mode will allow the local radio to transmit its GPIO states whenever there is a change The states will be transmitted to the radio specified by the Destination Address or as a Broadcast if Broadcast mode is enabled State information will only be transmitted when there is a change on one of the enabled Digital Inputs The states will be retransmitted up to the number of specified Utility Retries Address 0x4E Any changes to the Digital Inputs that occur while a Utility retransmission is occurring will not be transmitted unless the change persists until all Utility retries have been sent or an acknowledge was received Therefore this feature should only be used for slow moving changes that occur less than the time it takes to expend all retries Remote I O is disabled when the Force 9600 pin is set at boot Remote I O control lines occur in pairs with the Digital Input on the local radio driving a Digital Output on the remote radio and vice versa This makes Remote I O useful for both point to point and point to multipoint networks
23. to choose depends on the individual application Selecting a higher RF baud rate will provide increased RF bandwidth However selecting the lower RF baud rate will provide significantly improved range Selecting fewer hops provides a shorter sync time whereas more hops will provide better interference and collocated system immunity RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI is available to the OEM through a number of means AT Commands such as Bin Analyzer and Report RSSI will report RSSI API Packets for Received and Send Data Complete will report RSSI and one of three pins can be configured to provide a PWM output representing the RSSI By default all of these commands except PWM Output represent RSSI as that is a hexadecimal 2 s complement form Legacy RSSI detailed above can be enabled to provide the RSSI in a non 2 s complement form from 0x00 very weak signal to OxFF very strong signal The control commands for PWM output utilize a Legacy RSSI format from 0x00 to OxFF The RSSI values reported can be converted to a decibel value with the following formulas For Non Legacy values where the RSSI in Hexadecimal ranges from 0x80 to 0x7F If this value is greater than or equal to 128 then RSSI_dBm RSSI Dec 256 2 RSSI_Offset If this value is less than 128 then RSSI_dBm RSSI_Dec 2 RSSI_Offset Where For Legacy RSSI the equation is RSSI_dBm RSSI_Dec 128 2 RSSI Offset RSSI Dec is the reported value represented in
24. 02 38 400 0x07 0x02 28 000 0x06 0x03 19 200 0x05 0x05 14 400 0x04 0x07 9 600 0x03 0x10 4 800 0x02 0x15 2 400 0x01 0x2A 1 200 0x00 0x53 Non standard 0xE3 Use equation below 1 Interface Timeout 200uS per increment the EEPROM address 0x58 is ignored if Auto Config is enabled To use a non standard Interface Timeout disable Auto Config 2 Default baud rate For baud rates other than those shown in Table 7 the following equations can be used 256 BAUD_M 25A FREQUENCY Baud Rate 228 Where FREQUENCY 26 MHz BAUD_M EEPROM Address 0x43 BAUD_E EEPROM Address 0x44 100 000 Minimum Interface Timeout Baud Rate ENGINEER S TIP e The LT2510 supports a majority of standard as well as non standard baud rates To select a standard baud rate use the value shown for EEPROM address 0x42 in Table 7 above To enable a non standard baud rate program EEPROM address 0x42 Custom Baud Enable to OxE3 and then use the equation above to solve for BAUD_M and BAUD_E e Adjusting the Serial Interface Baud Rate does not affect the RF data rate e Radio can accept Serial combinations number of bits Parity Number of Stop Bits of 8 N 1 7 N 2 7 1 1 by Default Modes of 8 1 1 8 N 2 7 1 2 are acceptable with 9 bit mode enabled INTERFACE TIMEOUT RF PACKET SIZE Interface Timeout Interface Timeout specifies a maximum byte gap between consecutive bytes When that byte gap is exceeded the bytes in the transmit buffer are proces
25. 1 gt lt MAC2 gt lt MAC3 gt Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address MAC3 is the LSB Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x15 gt lt Data Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt Auto Dest gt Parameter Range lt Auto Dest gt bit 7 Ignored bit 6 Ignored bit 5 Enable Modification of Auto Channel t 4 Enable Modification of Auto Destination t 3 Ignored t 2 Ignored t 1 Auto Channel t O Auto Destination Laird Technologies o S ooo LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 31 www lairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Read API Control The OEM Host issues this command to read the API Control byte Write API Control The OEM Host issues this command to write the API Control byte to enable or disable the API features Read Digital Inputs The OEM Host issues this command to read the state of both digital output lines Read ADC The OEM host issues this command to read the analog to digital converters at up to 12 bit resolution Higher resolutions can cause slower responses from the command The time required for a conversion is Tconv decimation rate 16 0 23uS In most applications this will be used to measure the input voltage to detect reduced battery power with Vcc 3 the temperature sensor or the Analog input pin For the most accurate results the 1 25V internal reference should be chosen
26. 5 and above the RF Data rate is set by the appropriate RF Profile EEPROM Address 0x54 A rule of thumb for RF systems is every 6dB of gain doubles the effective distance The 4dB increase of Receive Sensitivity for the lower data rate solution means it will be able to transmit almost 60 farther than the higher data rate solution Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 9 www lairdtech com MODES OF OPERATION The LT2510 has three different types of interface modes e Transparent Mode e API Mode e Command Mode The first two modes are used to transmit data across the RF the third mode is used to configure the radio Transparent Mode When operating in transparent mode the LT2510 can act as a direct serial cable replacement in which RF data is forwarded over the serial interface and vice versa In transparent mode the radio needs to be programmed with the MAC Address of the desired recipient The destination address can be programmed permanently or on the fly When Transparent Mode is used data is stored in the RX buffer until one of the following occurs e The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A e An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 All parameters can be configured by entering Command Mode using either AT commands or by toggling the Command Data pin Low on the transceiver Transparent Mode is the default radio operation mode API Modes API Mode is an alternative to t
27. Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver will back off and retry the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver will choose a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than expected to be tran the maximum number of transceivers that would be smitting at the same time Settings 1 packet time 0x00 2 packet times 0x01 1 4 packet times 0x03 8 packet times 0x07 1 16 packet times 0xOF 32 packet times 0x1F 1 64 packet times 0x3F 128 packet times 0x7F 1 256 packet times OxFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED 2 PWM Initialize OxC8 1 0x00 0xFF OxFF Initializes PWM Output GIO 3 at boot to this value Remote 1 0 OxC9 1 0x00 0xFF OxFF Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify Initialize High bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 RXD Initialize 0 RXD is initialized Low at boot 1 RXD is initialized High at boot 4 RTS Initialize 0 RTS is initialized Low at boot RTS is initialized High at boot bit 3 CMD Data Initialize 0 CMD Data is initialized Low at boot 1 CMD Data is initialized High at boot bit 2
28. Decimal notation RSSI_Offset 82 Reported RSSI values are meant as estimate and have an accuracy of 2dBm The RSSI reported by various commands has an effective range of 25dBm to 95dBm outside of this range the accuracy is not maintained RSSI Control EEPROM 0x68 RSSI Control is a bitfield used to control the output of the RSSI PWM output and what messages the radio reports on Note if Disable Hop Frame is Disabled so as to report Hop Frame it will be output on GO O pin 1 of SMT module so the PWM Output should not be set to output to that pin or conflicting signals will be sent on that output pin Bit O se GIO 4 GIO O Bit 1 se GIO 8 GIO 1 Bit 2 se GIO 7 GIO 3 Bit 3 se CMD Data GIO 2 Bit 4 set RTS CTS Bit 5 se RXD TXD Bit 6 clear Bit 7 clear All I O are Outputs Bit 6 set Bit 7 clear All 1 0 are Inputs RSSI Lag EEPROM 0x67 Controls a filter on the PWM output to smooth out the changes made to the PWM signal Setting the value to a very Low number will result in very quick changing output Setting the value to a higher number will result in a slower varying PWM output Setting the value to 0x00 will result in an instantaneous RSSI Because RSSI is measured per hop and the radio can hop over 43 or 79 hops instantaneous RSSI may be too quickly moving to be of use as a signal strength indicator The default value is 0x40 and should be sufficient for most applications It should be set to a value of less than 0x80 RSS
29. GIO_7 Initialize 0 GIO_7 is initialized Low at boot GIO_7 is initialized High at boot bit 1 GIO 8 Initialize 0 GIO_8 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_8 is initialized High at boot bit 0 GIO 4 Initialize 0 GIO_4 is initialized Low at boot GIO_4 is initialized High at boot Pin 18 GIO_8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not con nected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards Remote 1 0 OxCA 1 0x00 0xFF OxFF Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify Initialize Low bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 TXD Initialize 0 TXD is initialized Low at boot TXD is initialized High at boot 4 CTS Initialize 0 CTS is initialized Low at boot 1 CTS is initialized High at boot bit 3 GIO_2 Initialize initialized Low at boot initialized High at boot nitialize initialized Low at boot initialized High at boot itialize 0 initialized Low at boot O 1 is initialized High at boot bit 0 GIO O Initialize 0 GIO_0 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_0 is initialized High at boot D O B OxE0 4 Provides factory calibration and test date bi bi a o I m O N a Q o ae a bit 2 G O So ww nn O G G bit 1 G G G 24 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 25 wwwiairdtech com The LT2510 can be configured using A
30. I Control gt lt 0xCC gt lt API Control gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt ADC Hi gt lt ADC Lo gt lt 0xCC gt lt RSSI gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Power gt lt 0xCC gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data n 0 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Last Byte Written gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Result gt lt Start H gt lt Start L gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC5 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC6 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt Result gt lt Start H gt lt Start L gt lt Length H gt lt Length L gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Data gt Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 27 www lairdtech com UTILITY COMMANDS Enter AT Command Mode Prior to sending this command the OEM Host must ensure that the transceiver s serial RX buffer is empty This can be accomplished by framing the command with rest periods equal to the Interface Timeout or greater depending on radio configuration If the buffer is not empty the radio might concatenate the string to existing data in the buffer and it will be sent over the RF Exit AT Command Mode The OEM Host should send this command to exit AT Command mode and resume normal operation Enter Deep Sleep The OEM Host issues this command to put the module into a Sleep state to minimize current draw While sleeping the processor has all interfaces disabled inc
31. I Lag affects the PWM Output according to the following equations Cumulative_Lag Cumulative_Lag RSSI Current Old RSSI Avg New RSSI Avg Old RSSI Avg Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag Cumulative Lag is then stored in memory until the next time RSSI is calculated If Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag gt 0 then Cumulative Lag remainder of Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 17 wwwiairdtech com RSSI Output to PWM A moving RSSI Average can be written to the PWM Output as a signal strength indicator The output pin to use the threshold range for the RSSl and the RSSI Type reported can all be configured through EEPROM Addresses The PWM Output has a 315 077uS period The duty cycle is set by the RSSl value recorded by the transceiver and the RSSI Threshold High and RSSI Threshold Low values RSSI Threshold High EEPROM 0x65 Is the upper limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported above this value strong signals will report a 100 Duty Cycle on the PWM Output RSSI Threshold Low EEPROM 0x66 Is the lower limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported below this value weak signals will report a 0 Duty Cycle on the PWM Output To calculate the thresholds use the equation RSSI_Dec RSSI_dBm 82 2 128 Then convert this from Decimal to Hexadecimal notation Sleep Indicator EEPROM 0x45 bit 6 When enabled GIO_1 will toggle Low during slee
32. ITIVE DEVICES SS Sa ts aia ee a pt ee i ae es enced 4 Shelf life in sealed bag 24 months at lt 40 C and lt 90 relative humidity 2 Peak package body temperature 245 C 3 After this bag is opened devices that will be subjected to reflow solder or another high tem perature POLISS must be a Mounted within 168 hours at t factory conditions of lt 30 C 60 RH DF b Stored at lt 10 RH 4 Devices require bake before mounting if a Humidity indicator card is gt 10 when read at 23 5 C or b 3a or 3b is not met 5 If baking is required devices may be baked for 48 hrs at 125 5 C Note If device containers can not be subjected to high temperature or shorter bake times are desired reference IPCIJEDEC J J STD 033 for bake procedure ERRA Shee Sea tee sae alae aes ae ean steel one been Papi O loeb lobo kha CD EE bene Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module ORDERING PRODUCT PART NUMBERS INFORMATION TABLE 10 LT2510 PART NUMBERS PRM110 125mW 21 dBm 12510 KQL 2510100P 2268C SMT with U FL connector 2510100P PRM111 125mW 21 dBm 12510 KQL 2510100P 2268C SMT with chip antenna 2510100P PRM112 50mW 17 dBm 112510 KQL 2510100P 2268C EN 300 328 2 SMT with U FL connector 2510100P v1 71 EN 301 489 PRM113 50mW 17 dBm 12510 SMT KQL 2510100P 2268C EN 300 328 2 with chip antenna 2510100P v1 71 EN 301 489 PRM120 125mW 21 dB
33. Mode bit 0 Enable GIO 4 GIO O Pair 0 Disable GIO 4 GIO O Pair for Remote 1 0 Mode 1 Enable GIO 4 GIO O Pair for Remote I O Mode may affect Hop Frame output Pin 18 GIO_8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not con nected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards gt Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM PARAMETERS Max Power RSSI Threshold High RSSI Threshold Low RSSI Lag RSSI Control 22 www lairdtech com 0x63 0x65 0x66 0x67 0x68 0x00 0x03 0x00 0xFF 0x00 0xFF 0x00 0xFF 0x00 0xFF TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED 0x00 OxFF 0x50 0x40 OxF1 Used to increase decrease the output power PRM110 111 120 121 0x00 21 dBm typical 0x01 17 dBm typical 0x02 14 dBm typical 0x03 11 dBm typical PRM112 113 122 123 0x00 17dBm typical 0x01 14 dBm typical 0x02 11 dBm typical 0x03 8 dBm typical Note The transceivers are shipped at maximum allowable power Sets the High threshold for RSSI If the RSSI is above RSSI Threshold High then OxFF 100 Duty Cycle will be written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details Sets the Low threshold for RSSI If the RSSI is below RSSI Threshold Low then 0x00 0 Duty Cycle will be written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details Constant controlling the rate of change of the PWM
34. Quick Reference 26 Command Descriptions 27 Special Firmware Upgrades 33 ONA ALSO NM ER eter RR Suen 33 Upgrading via Windows OEM Configuration Utility 33 Upgrading FW Commands 34 Command Descriptions 35 Process to Manually Upgrade 35 API Operation ssassn 36 API Send Data Complete 36 API Receive Packet ccecceeeeee 37 API Transmit Packet 37 Mechanical Considerations 38 Mechanical Drawing 38 Mechanical Drawing 39 Mechanical Drawing 40 Mechanical Drawing 41 Moisture Content Warning 42 Ordering Information 43 Product Part Numbers 43 Compliancy Information 44 Approved Antenna List 44 FCC IC Requirements For Modular Approval 45 OEM Equipment Labeling Requirements 46 Antenna Requirements 46 Warnings Required In OEM Manuals 0 cccccecececeeeteeeereeees 46 Regulatory Information 47 CE Approved Antenna List 47 Japan Approved Antenna List 47 Indications of Symbols on Equipment 47 Anatel Certifications for Brazil 48 112510 Firmware History 49 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module OVERVIEW AND KEY FEATURES 2 www lairdtech com The LT2510 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transceiver Module from La
35. SSI Byte 4 Success 0x00 Fail 0x01 Success 36 www lairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module API OPERATION 37 wwwiairdtech com API RECEIVE PACKET By default the source MAC is not included in the received data string sent to the OEM Host For applications where multiple radios are sending data it may be necessary to determine the origin of a specific data packet When API Receive Packet is enabled all packets received by the transceiver will include the MAC address of the source radio as well as an RSSl indicator which can be used to determine the link quality between the two API Receive Packet is enabled when bit O of the API Control Address 0xC 1 byte is enabled Upon receiving a RF packet the radio sends its OEM Host the data as shown in Figure 2 below FIGURE 2 RECEIVE API PACKET FORMAT Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Data Bytes 2 Payload Data Length Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Received RSSI Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Sender s MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data API TRANSMIT PACKET API Transmit Packet is a powerful API Mode that allows the OEM Host to send data to a single or multiple via Broadcast transceivers on a packet by packet basis This can be useful for many applications including polling networks and mesh networks API Transmit Packet is enabled when bit 1 of the API Control address 0xC 1 byte is enabled The OEM should pre
36. T Configuration Commands These commands can be issued only in Command Mode Command Mode can be entered by setting the CMD Data pin of a transceiver Low or by issuing the Enter AT Command AT COMMANDS There are four types of configuration supported by the LT2510 On the Fly commands for dynamic reprogramming of running memory EEPROM commands for making persistent changes to EEPROM Utility commands for dealing with Command Mode and Status Commands for querying the radio for information When in Command Mode the RF is still active and incoming RF packets are queued in the radio until Command Mode has been exited If in Command Mode via the CMD Data pin and Command Data RX Disable has been disabled incoming RF packets will not be queued and will be sent to the host immediately AT Commands sent to the LT2510 must still adhere to the interface guidelines specified by the Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size For this reason standard terminal emulators such as HyperTerminal cannot be used to configure the LT2510 Manually typing AT Commands will cause the Interface Timeout to be reached between characters and the command will be discarded if already in Command Mode or transmitted if not AT commands should be issued either with the Laird Technologies OEM Configuration Utility or sent directly from a microcontroller or other host When an invalid command is sent the radio discards the data and no response is sent to the OEM Host Table 8 below shows a
37. T2510 transceiver and an OEM Host Information includes the theory of operation specifications interface definitions configuration information and mechanical drawings Note Unless mentioned specifically by name the LT2510 modules will be referred to as radio or transceiver Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features The host PC Microcontroller Any device to which the LT2510 module is connected will be referred to as OEM Host or Host Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS 3 www lairdtech com TABLE 1 LT2510 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS Form Factor SMD ANT SMD U FL Pluggable ANT Pluggable U FL Antenna Integrated chip antenna or external antenna through U FL connector Non standard baud rates are also supported Channels 42 or 78 selectable channels 42 selectable channels Security Channelization System ID and Vendor ID Minimum Flash EEPROM Memory Endurance 1000 Write Erase Cycles TRANSCENVER Frequency Band 2400 2483 5 MHz RF Data Rate Raw 280kbps or 500kbps selectable Hop Bin Spacing 900kHz over 79 hops 1500kHz over 43 hops RF Technology Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation MSK Output Power Conducted 11 to 21dBm selectable 8 to 17dBm selectable Supply Voltage 3 3 3 6V 50mV ripple Current Draw 100 TX 190mA 85mA 1 8 TX when selected 40mA 40mA 100 RX 40mA 40mA RX average idle current 10mA 10mA Deep sleep 50uA 50uA Receiver Sens
38. The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s specific needs and can be different between radios operating on the same network API SEND DATA COMPLETE API Send Data complete can be used as a software acknowledgement indicator When a radio sends an addressed packet it will look for a received acknowledgement transparent to the OEM Host If an acknowledgement is not received the packet will be retransmitted until one is received or all retries have been exhausted For applications where data loss is not an option the OEM Host may wish to monitor the acknowledgement process using the API Send Data Complete If an acknowledgement is not received failure the OEM Host can send the packet to the transceiver once again Because the Send Data Complete is reliant upon a successful RF Acknowledgement from the receiving radio a false positive is not possible but a false negative may occur That is the receiving radio may have received the packet successfully but the acknowledgement was not received at the transmitting radio For Broadcast packets the Send Data Complete will always report success API Send Data Complete is enabled when bit 2 of the API Control Address OxC 1 byte is enabled The transceiver sends the OEM Host the data shown in Figure 1 upon receiving an RF acknowledge or exhausting all attempts FIGURE 1 SEND DATE COMPLETE PACKET FORMAT Start Delimiter Request Byte 2 Transmit RSSI Byte 3 Receive R
39. URING THE LT2510 28 wwwiairdtech com STATUS COMMANDS Check Status Registry In firmware v2 2 and forward the Status Registry contains error codes which may be useful for the OEM to note Note e Sleep crystal is only checked on boot e Wake Event is written every time the module wakes from sleep e Boot Error is written on boot e Calibration Event indicates that the module is performing a calibration of the external crystal used to track the length of sleep during a Sleep Timer sleep mode If Sleep Calibration is enabled in the EEPROM this bit will always be set The sleep timer will constantly be calibrated Check Firmware Status In firmware v2 6 and forward the Check Firmware Status command is used to verify proper loading of the firmware Because v2 6 and forward requires the firmware to be loaded via multiple images this command verifies that all pages have been upgraded Should an error be encountered the first page encountered that is out of date is reported in the response Bin Analyzer The Bin Analyzer is a powerful command for understanding the link conditions between two radios over the entire frequency hopping spectrum The Bin Analyzer will cause the local radio to send an RSSI request packet to the radio specified in the Destination Address field The remote radio will respond with RSSI information and this is then streamed to the OEM through the Serial UART This sequence occurs once per hop Due to
40. USER MANUAL Version 1 5 z z Z a o T D Dr n O Laird TECHNOLOGIES gt Innovative Technology for a Connected World Laird TECHNOLOGIES Innovative Technology for a Connected World Laird Technologies is the world leader in the design and manufacture of customized performance critical products for wireless and other advanced electronics applications Laird Technologies partners with its customers to find solutions for applications in various industries such as Network Equipment Telecommunications Data Communications Automotive Electronics Computers Aerospace Military Medical Equipment Consumer Electronics Laird Technologies offers its customers unique product solutions dedication to research and development as well as a seamless network of manufacturing and customer support facilities across the globe Copyright 2011 Laid Technologies Inc All rights reserved The information contained in this manual and the accompanying software programs are copyrighted and all rights are reserved by Laird Technologies Inc Laird Technologies Inc reserves the right to make periodic modifications of this product without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision Copying duplica without the prior consent of an authorized representative of Laird Technologies Inc is strictly prohibited All brands and product names in this publication are registered trademarks or trademarks
41. With Nine Bit mode disabled the transceiver communicates over the asynchronous serial interface in 8 N 1 format 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit Some systems require a parity or 9th data bit Enabling Nine Bit Mode causes the transceiver to communicate using 8 1 1 format 8 data bits 1 parity bit and 1 stop bit In this mode the transceiver will not validate the parity bit but simply transmits it over the RF This is useful as some systems use the ninth bit as an extra data bit and not just a parity bit However because the ninth bit is transmitted over the RF enabling Nine Bit Mode cuts the transceiver interface buffer size by 1 9 and reduces the RF bandwidth by the same ratio Random Backoff EEPROM 0xC3 The transceivers utilize a Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA protocol with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver will back off and retry the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver will choose a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time Range Refresh EEPROM 0x3D Range refresh specifies
42. and Remote I O functionality will be disabled on the radio with the benefit of saving approximately 1mA average current consumption Discard Framing Error Packets EEPROM 0x57 bit 7 When set the radio checks for a framing error in the UART buffer before processing incoming data If an error is detected on any of the bytes in the buffer the entire buffer is discarded Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 14 wwwiairdtech com Full Duplex EEPROM 0x56 bit 1 In Half Duplex mode the transceiver will send a packet out over the RF immediately This can cause packets sent at the same time by a server and a client to collide with each other over the RF To prevent this Full Duplex Mode can be enabled This mode reserves a transmit slot for the server If the server does not have any data to transmit clients are permitted to transmit during that time If the server does have data to send clients will not be permitted to transmit during that slot Likewise the server will not be able to transmit during a client slot Though the RF hardware is still technically half duplex it makes the transceiver seem full duplex This can cause overall throughputs to be cut in half Note All transceivers on the same network must have the same setting for Full Duplex Hop Packet Delineation EEPROM 0x57 bit6 When enabled in addition to using RF Packet Size and Interface Timeout as criteria for processing incoming d
43. are upgrade files 2 Erase the Existing flash on the LT2510 a Command OxCC OxC6 b Response OxCC OxC6 3 Write binary images to flash Note that the firmware is loaded in multiple images The primary image the file denoted as 00 MUST be sent first The first write to memory location 0x800 or above will incur a 300ms delay while the memory between addresses 0x800 and Ox3BFF is erased Because this memory contains active code the radio will now disconnect from the network until the upgrade process is completed a While not end of binary file i Command OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 lt 80 bytes of data gt il Response OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 b Check EEPROM Write i Command OxCC 0xC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 il Response OxCC OxC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 lt 80 bytes of data gt c Verify Read response is the same data that was written d Increment start position e Verify length f Repeat steps a f until entire image has been loaded 4 Decrypt FW image a Command OxCC OxC5 b Response OxCC OxC5 0x00 5 Reset radio to begin using new FW image a Command OxCC OxFF 6 Repeat steps 2 5 for each binary file Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module API OPERATION API Operation is a powerful alternative to the default Transparent operation of the LT2510 and provides dynamic packet accounting abilities to the OEM Host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM Host API operation utilizes specific packet formats
44. ata the radio will also delineate packets up to once per hop once a minimum of six characters has been received over the serial port Legacy RSSI EEPROM 0x45 bit 2 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator is a measure of how well the receiving radio is able to hear the transmitting radio By default RSSI is reported in 2 s complement format therefore values range from 0x80 0x7F Many preceding products have instead reported RSSI in the range of 0x00 OxFF Legacy RSSI causes 0x80 to be added to the RSSI result prior to reporting it to the host Max Power EEPROM 0x63 The transceiver has an adjustable RF output power Power can be adjusted dynamically to optimize communications reliability and conserve power Each increment represents a 3dBm 50 decrease in power The radios have a maximum input RF level of OdBm When operated very close together at full power the radio s receiver can saturate and no transmissions are possible If the distance between the transmitter and receiver is very short generally less than 2ft 6m with 2 5dBi antennas the Max Power should be reduced Mode Server Client EEPROM 0x41 The server controls the frequency hop timing by sending out regular beacons transparent to the transceiver host which contain system timing information This timing information synchronizes the client radio frequency hopping to the server Each network should consist of only one server Nine Bit Mode EEPROM 0x57 bit 1
45. ated networks Sets the mode type Each network has one and only one Server and any number of Clients The Server is responsible for transmitting beacons which are used by the Clients to locate and synchronize their hopping to that of the Server Baud Rate see serial interface section for details Default represents 115 200kbps Setting this address to OxE3 will allow the user to set a custom baud rate with the Baud_M and Bauc_E registers Baud_M is used for setting custom baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Baud_E is used for setting custom baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Sleep Indicator GIO 1 0 Disable Sleep Indicator 1 Enable Sleep Indicator bit 5 Reserved Do not modify bit 4 Auto System ID 0 Disable Auto System ID 1 Enable Auto System ID 3 Command Data Receive Disable 0 Disable CMD Data RX Disable Enable CMD Data RX Disable radio will accumulate received RF packets until the CMD Data pin goes High at which time it will forward all stored packets to its host bit 2 Legacy RSSI 0 Disable Legacy RSSI Enable Legacy RSSI bit 1 Sniff Report 0 Discard sniffed packets 1 Report sniffed packets bit 0 Sniff Permit 0 Disable Sniff Permit Enable Sniff Permit bi Maximum number of times a packet is retransmitted when Addressed packets are being s
46. ble Turns off Hop Frame Pin bit 5 Reserved bit 4 Auto Destination 0 Use Destination Address Use Auto Destination 3 Client Auto Channel 0 Disable Auto Channel 1 Enable Auto Channel 2 RTS 0 Disable RTS handshaking Enable RTS handshaking 1 Duplex 0 Half Duplex 1 Full Duplex t 0 Auto Config 0 Auto Config Disabled Auto Config Enabled Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED PARAMETERS Control 2 Interface Timeout 0x57 0x58 1 0x00 0xFF 0x02 OxFF 0x01 0x03 Settings are bit 7 Discard Framing Errors 0 Framing error register is ignored 1 Upon detecting a framing error the entire packet is discarded bit 6 Hop Packet Delineation 0 Disabled 1 UART data will be transmitted once per hop as soon as a minimum of six bytes have been accumulated regardless of whether Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size has been reached bit 5 Override 485 timing 0 485 DE RE timing is set by the radio automatically 1 485 DE RE timing is set by value in EEPROM it 4 Remote Analog Enable 0 Disable Remote Analog 1 Enable Remote Analog bit 3 Remote I O Mode 0 Disable Remote I O Mode Enable Remote I O Mode bit 2 RS 485 Data Enable 0 Disable RS 485 Data Enable 1 Enable RS 485 Data Enable bit 1 Nine Bit Mode 0 Disable Nine Bit Mode Enable Nine Bit Mode bit 0 9600 Boot Option 0 Disable 9600 Boo
47. bytes are sent to 0x01FE it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emp tied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High Once the CTS has been deasserted CTS will be reasserted Low when the transmit buffer contains this many or less characters Remote 1 0 0x60 1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 Settings are bit 7 Use Pairs Control 0 Disable pairs and allows radio 1 0 already set in bits 5 0 to be all input or all output 1 Enable pairs with bits 5 0 set bit 6 All Inputs 0 All configured I O are output if Bit 7 is clear 1 All configured I O are inputs if Bit 7 is clear bit 5 Enable RXD TXD Pair 0 Disable RXD TXD Pair for Remote O Mode 1 Enable RXD TXD Pair for Remote O Mode disables serial data bit 4 Enable RTS CTS Pair 0 Disable RTS CTS Pair for Remote O Mode 1 Enable RTS CTS Pair for Remote 0 Mode disables RTS bit 3 Enable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair 0 Disable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair for Remote I O Mode May affect DE RE bit 2 Enable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair 0 Disable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair for Remote 1 0 Mode 1 Enable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair for Remote I O Mode I O Type depends on Remote Analog Enable bit 1 Enable GIO 8 GIO 1 Pair 0 Disable GIO 8 GIO 1 Pair for Remote 1 0
48. conditions 9600 Boot Option is enabled by default Force 9600 also is used to wake the radio from sleep When the pin is taken Low the radio will wake The transceiver will not sleep if the pin is Low when the sleep command is issued Note Because this pin disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation pP_RESET uP Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the LT2510 microprocessor and is used to force a hard reset For a valid reset reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns Command Data When logic High the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other transceivers When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data When logic Low data packets from the radio will not be transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios will still be received Enabling CMD Data RX Disable in the EEPROM will cause incoming RF packets to be queued by the receiving radio while CMD Data is Low When CMD Data goes High the data will be sent over the serial interface In_Range The In Range pin will be driven Low when a Client radio s frequency hopping is synchronized with that of a Server In Range will always be driven Low on a server Following boot In Range will transition Low in approximately 12ms on a Server For a Client the In Range will take an average of 500ms this time is dependa
49. e in Address 0x5A will not be used if Auto Config Address 0x56 bit 0 is enabled The default for the RF Data Rate will be used instead The RF Packet Size should not be set to less than 0x07 to ensure AT commands can still be issued RF Packet Size is also used by the radio to determine the number of data slots per hop In order to efficiently transmit data across the RF the radio will automatically add more data slots to the hop to correspond to a smaller RF Packet size The number of slots per hop is given in the table below 280kbps 0x01 0x09 4 slots 280kbps 0x0A 0x25 3 slots 280kbps 0x26 0x60 2 slots 500kbps 0x01 0x0C 6 slots 500kbps Ox0D 0x25 5 slots 500kbps 0x026 0x47 4 slots 500kbps 0x48 0x7D 3 slots 500kbps Ox7E OxEF 2 slots ENGINEER S TIP e The more slots per hop the less likely that retries will occur on a new frequency this may reduce the effectiveness of the module as a Frequency Hopping radio e Idle current consumption will increase as more slots are added e You need to use the same number of slots for every radio on the network e Full duplex still only reserves the first slot for the Server If there are 6 slots the first slot is reserved for the Server to transmit and the remainder is shared by the Clients RS 485 Data Enable The Timing of the DE RE pin will vary depending on the Interface Baud Rate selected Prior to firmware v2 2 these parameters are set automatically if Auto C
50. e not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS Mode Enabled the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High causing the transceiver to store the data in its buffer Upon asserting RTS up to two additional bytes can be received over the serial interface before the flow is stopped Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver will continue sending data to the OEM Host beginning with any data stored in its buffer Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the radio s TXD buffer reaches capacity ENGINEER S TIP Can implement a design using just TXD RXD and Gnd Three wire Interface Yes However it is strongly recommended that your hardware monitor the CTS pin of the radio CTS is taken High by the radio when its interface buffer is getting full Your hardware should stop sending at this point to avoid a buffer overrun and subsequent loss of data You can perform a successful design without monitoring CTS However you need to take into account the amount of latency the radio adds to the system any additional latency caused by retries how often you send data non delivery network timeouts and interface data rate Laird Technologies can assist in determining whether CTS is required for your application RADIO CONFIGURATIONS Auto Channel EEPROM 0x56 bit 3 To allow for more flexible network configurations Auto Channel can be enabled in clie
51. e that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 46 wwwairdtech com OEM EQUIPMENT LABELING REQUIREMENTS WARNING The OEM must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate Laird Technologies FCC identifier for this product as well as the FCC notice below The FCC identifiers are listed above Contains FCC ID KQL 2510100 The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Label and text information should be in a size of type large enough to be readily legible consistent with the dimensions of the
52. eet Anatel regulations Este produto esta homologado pela ANATEL de acordo com os procedimentos regulamentados pela Resolu o 242 2000 e atende aos requistos t cnicos aplicados Para maiores informa es consulte o site da ANATEL www anatel gov br Modelos LT2510 PRM120 LT2510 PRM121 LT2510 PRM111 LT2510 PRM110 oh NATEL Ag ncia Nacional de Telecomunica es 01 07898994071112 Este equipamento opera em car ter secund rio isto n o tem direito a prote o contra interfer ncia prejudicial mesmo de esta es do mesmo tipo e n o pode causar interfer ncia a sistemas operando em car ter prim rio Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module LT2510 FIRMWARE This section will detail key differences between firmware releases of the LT2510 The previous sections of the User HISTORY Manual only deal with the latest version Some features and default settings have changed from one firmware to the next This section will detail those differences Hardware changes On PCB 00157 Rev 0 and Rev 1 the FCC ID is KQL 2510100 and the IC number is 2268C 2510100 On PCB 00157 Rev 2 pin 13 at the connector was swapped with pin 20 On PCB 00157 Rev 2 and forward the FCC ID is KQL 2510100P and the IC number is 2268C 2510100P FW1 0 3 e Initial Release e This version has an issue which permits received RF packets that fail CRC check to be forwarded across the UART e This version has an issue
53. ent Note A setting of 0x00 will select 256 retries Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM PARAMETERS 19 wwwiairdtech com TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED Number of times each packet is transmitted when Broadcast Attempts Utility Retries RF Profile Control 1 0x4D 0x01 0x03 OxFF Ox4E 0x00 0xFF 0x03 0x54 1 See Description 0x56 1 0x01 0x61 OxFF Broadcast packets are being sent Note A setting of 0x00 will select 256 attempts Used by Remote I O mode to increase the odds of delivery of a Remote 1 0 line update Sets the number of retries or attempts used to transmit a Remote 1 0 line status change RF Profile RF Data Rate Number of Hops Details 0x00 500Kbps 43 Valid for international use Can be selected on any PRM xx product 0x01 280Kbps 79 For FCC Markets only his is the default setting for PRM110 111 120 121 0x03 280Kbps 43 his is the default setting for PRM112 113 122 123 Superseded RF Data Rate Addresses 0x51 0x53 in FW v1 3 and beyond Settings are bit 7 Auto Destination on Beacons only o bi bi bi bi only functional when Auto Destination is also enabled 0 Disable Radio will set destination based on any received packet 1 Enable Radio will set destination based only on the beacon from the Server it 6 Disable Hop Frame 0 Disable Turns on Hop Frame Pin 1 Ena
54. ent where the user in general will be within 7 87in 20cm of the transmitting antenna Portable equipment is further broken down into two classes within 98in 2 5cm of human contact and beyond 98in 2 5cm The LT2510 is not agency approved for portable applications The OEM is required to have additional testing performed to receive this classification Contact Laird Technologies for more details Mobile Mobile defines equipment where the user will be 7 87in 20cm or greater from the transmitting equipment The antenna must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be moved closer to the user with respect to the equipment though the equipment may be moved This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 7 87in 20cm from the human body Operation at distances of less than 7 87in 20cm would require additional RF exposure evaluation including SAR requirement according to FCC RF exposure guideline Notes This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarante
55. equipment and the label However the type size for the text is not required to be larger than eight point ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and gain should be chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power e i r p is not more than that permitted for successful communication WARNING This device has been tested with a U FL connector with the above listed antennas When integrated into the OEM s product these fixed antennas require professional installation preventing end users from replacing them with non approved antennas Any antenna not listed in the above table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15 203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15 247 for emissions Contact Laird Technologies for assistance CAUTION Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Laird Technologies could void the user s authority to operate the equipment WARNINGS REQUIRED IN OEM MANUALS WARNING This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 7 87in 20cm from the human body Operation at distances of less than 7 87in 20cm is strictly prohibited and requires additional SAR testing Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module REGULATORY INFORMATION 47 wwwairdtech com CE APPROVED ANTENNA LIST Part Numbers PRM112 PRM113 PRM122 and PRM123 are approved for use in CE Markets with antennas
56. er exhausts all of its retries The received packet will only be sent to the OEM host if and when it is received free of errors Note Setting to O is equal to 256 Unicast Only EEPROM 0xC1 bit 3 To prohibit transceivers from receiving broadcast packets Unicast Only can be enabled Unicast Only restricts the transceiver to only receive addressed packets Vendor ID The Vendor ID like the System ID can be used to uniquely identify a network Radios with the Vendor ID set will only communicate with other radios with the same set Vendor ID The Vendor ID is a protected EEPROM parameter and it s value cannot be read It can only be written once OEMs should be aware that improperly setting the Vendor ID can cause communication issues Setting the Vendor ID to an unknown setting will effectively render the radio unable to communicate in a network Note The Vendor ID is a one time write parameter and it cannot be read 9600 Boot Option EEPROM 0x57 bit 0 When enabled 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be Low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin will be used for warm and cold boots as well as brown out conditions Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module
57. er_L gt v2 2 forward PM2 and PM3 supported both prior commands are supported Reset The OEM Host issues this command to perform a soft reset of the transceiver Any transceiver settings modified by CC commands will revert to the values stored in the EEPROM Restore Factory Defaults In firmware v1 7 and forward the OEM can issue this command to restore the original factory EEPROM settings to the module The Command also issues a reset as well as restoring the EEPROM The default EEPROM will be active following the reset Command lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt lt 0x2B gt Ox0D Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x43 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x4D gt Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x0D gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x44 gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt Mode gt lt RES gt lt Timer H gt Timer Number of Bytes Returned None Response None Parameter Range lt Mode gt 0x02 PM2 0x03 PM3 lt RES gt 0x00 2 0x01 2 0x02 2 0x03 22 lt Timer_H TIMER_L gt 0x0001 OxFFFF Command lt OxCC gt lt OxFF gt Number of Bytes Returned None Response None Command lt OxCC gt lt OxFF gt lt OxDF Number of Bytes Returned 0 Response None Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIG
58. et Size Ox5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS_On_L 0x5D CTS Off H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 3 0x72 Destination MAC Address 2 0x73 Destination MAC Address 1 0x74 Destination MAC Address 0 0x75 System ID 0x76 Write Destination Address The OEM Host issues this command to the transceiver to change the Destination Address Read Destination Address The OEM Host issues this command to the transceiver to read the Destination Address Auto Destination Channel The Host issues this command to change the Auto Destination setting When issuing this command the Auto Destination setting will only be changed if the corresponding enable bit is set Otherwise the command performs a read of Auto Destination If both Broadcast Mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio will send the RF packets in Broadcast Mode Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x0B gt lt Location gt lt Value Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response lt 0xCC gt lt Location gt lt Value gt Parameter Range lt Location gt Dependant of parameter Value gt 0x00 0xFF Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x10 gt lt MAC1 gt lt MAC2 gt o amp MAC3 gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt OxCC gt lt MACI gt lt MAC2i gt lt MAC3 Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address MAC3 is the LSB Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x11 Number of Bytes Returned 4 Response lt 0xCC gt lt MAC
59. he default Transparent operation of the LT2510 and provides dynamic packet routing and packet accounting abilities to the OEM Host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM Host API Mode utilizes specific frame based packet formats specifying various vital parameters used to control radio settings and packet routing on a packet by packet basis The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s application specific needs The LT2510 has three API functions e Transmit API e Receive API e Send Data Complete For additional details and examples please refer to the API section of the manual Command Mode Command Mode is used to configure and poll for status of the transceiver Command mode can be entered by issuing the Enter AT Command string or by setting the CMD Data pin Low Details of using Command Mode to configure the LT2510 are detailed in Configuring the LT2510 section Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 10 www lairdtech com SERIAL INTERFACE BAUD RATE In order for the OEM Host and a transceiver to communicate over the serial interface they need to have the same serial data rate This value determines the baud rate used for communicating over the serial interface to a transceiver For a baud rate to be valid the calculated baud rate must be within 3 of the OEM Host baud rate TABLE 7 BAUD RATE INTERFACE TIMEOUT 230 400 0x0A 0x02 115 200 0x09 0x02 57 600 0x08 0x
60. ion Utility is a straight forward process The PC Settings tab has an option 72510 is the selected product to perform a Radio Firmware Update This section of the OEM software can upgrade the FW of the radio connected to Port 1 of the software a firmware upgrade Connect the Development Kit or other interface board with the LT2510 to the PC Select the Find Ports button then select the appropriate Windows Comm Port from the drop down a Note if the appropriate port doesn t appear use the Add Ports button to add the port manually then repeat step 2 Set the correct settings for the radio in Port 1 By default this is 115 200 8 N 1 with Hardware Handshaking Enabled Verify that the Port Status in Port 1 is Open In the Radio Firmware Upgrade box select Firmware Upgrade In the Open File Window that appears select the appropriate LT2510 FW binaries When the download is successful a Success window will appear and the new firmware is now active Send the lt OxCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x02 gt command to the radio from the Command page to verify that all pages have been upgraded If this command reports an error locate the corresponding binary image and repeat this process with that file d LT2510 Configuration Test Utility OLLIE Ciba a TRIES SIE SIS AA ES UA ST E IES SAD ATE TAS DO OS DE LN VELAS A B Handshaking Hardware recommended Dat V Save Settings on Ext 7 Readirte with AT Commands T Use Aut
61. ird Technologies is the latest in robust and easy to use radio modules Supporting both high data rates and long ranges the LT2510 is a great fit for any number of machine to machine applications The LT2510 features an easy to use serial UART with hardware flow control for fast integration into an existing serial infrastructure KEY FEATURES Retries and acknowledgements e Low cost low power and small size ideal e Configurable network parameters for high volume portable and battery e Multiple generic I O powered applications e 280 kbps or 500kbps RF data stream e All modules are qualified for Industrial e Idle current draw of 12mA sleep current temperatures 40 C to 85 C of 50uA e Advanced configuration available using e Software selectable interface baud rates iy ommanas f e from 1200 bps to 460 8 kbps e Easy to use Configuration amp Test Utility e Upgradable FW through serial port software OVERVIEW The LT2510 is available in two versions one with 125mW conducted output power and approved for North American and similar markets and one with 50mW conducted output power and approved for European and similar markets These modules are identical except for output power transmit power consumption and the number of RF Channels available Differences between the two versions where applicable will be denoted based on part number This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird Technologies L
62. itivity 1 PER 98 dBm at 280kbps RF Data Rate 94 dBm at 500kbps RF Data Rate Range Outdoor line of sight 2 5miles 4km 1 5miles 2 4km based on external mee ee as Indoor estimated 1300ft 400m 790ft 240m S ENVIRONMENTAL Operating Temperature Range 40 C to 85 C Storage Temperature Range 50 C to 150 C pe bo Dimensions SMD ANT 1 0 x 1 54 x 0 14 25 4mm x 39mm x 3 6mm Dimensions SMD U FL 1 0 x 1 28 x 0 14 25 4mm x 33mm x 3 6mm Dimensions Pluggable ANT 0 96 x 1 42 x 0 406 24 3mm x 36mm x 10 3mm Dimensions Pluggable U FL 0 96 x 1 185 x 0 406 24 3mm x 30 1mm x 10 3mm SS eee FCC Part 15 247 KQL 2510100P KQL 2510100P Industry Canada IC 2268C 2510100P 2268C 2510100P CE N A EN 300 328 2 V1 71 EN 301 489 RoHS Yes Yes Japan PRM122 005WWCA0358 PRM123 OOSWWCA0359 Brazil Anatel 3000 10 6625 No contact your sales representative for more details Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 2 PIN DEFINITIONS FOR THE LT2510 TRANSCEIVER 9 00 IN DIM E Ws nw E A N O 9 20 21 22 18 13 4 20 0 GND PWR PWR GND GIO 0 GIO 1 DNC GIO 2 GIO 3 RXD TXD GND Vcc Vpa GND Force 9600 GIO 4 uP Reset CMD Data In Range RTS CTS GIO 8 GIO 5 GIO 6 GIO 7 Generic Output Hop Frame Generic Output Do not connect RS 485 Driver Enable PWM Output Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver Asynchronous serial data output from tran
63. lt 0x0B gt lt Location gt lt Value gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x10 gt lt Dest Address last thee bytes gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x11 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x15 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x16 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x17 gt lt API Control gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x20 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x21 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x22 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x23 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x24 gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x25 gt lt Power gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC0 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC1 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Start H gt lt Start L gt lt Length H gt lt Length L gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC5 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC6 gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt Start H gt lt Start L gt lt Length H gt lt Length L gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0xF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt Vid H gt lt Vid L gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x43 gt lt 0x4F gt lt 0x4D gt lt 0xCC gt lt 0x44 gt lt 0x41 gt lt 0x54 gt None None None lt 0xCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status gt lt 0xCC gt lt Response 32bits gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Temperature gt lt 0xCC gt lt Channel gt lt 0xCC gt lt Firmware Version gt lt Status gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt Value gt lt 0xCC gt lt Location gt lt Value gt lt 0xCC gt lt Dest Address gt lt 0xCC gt lt Dest Address gt lt 0xCC gt lt Data gt lt 0xCC gt lt AP
64. luding RF and serial Pin states are maintained while in sleep A reset of the radio soft or hard cancels any current sleep mode Two sleep modes are supported in the module PM2 and PM3 PM2 The module can either be awakened by the Sleep Interrupt pin Force 9600 going Low or the sleep timer expiring When a Server enters PM2 it stops sending beacons until it awakes Upon awakening from PM2 a Client will calculate which frequency the Server should be located on based on the duration of the sleep period and will attempt to resync with the Server on that frequency As such a Client will not be permitted to transmit data following PM2 until receiving a beacon from its Server Enabling In Range High on Wake permits the host to monitor the In Range pin to determine when the Client has received a beacon from its Server PM3 The module can only be awakened by the Sleep Interrupt pin Force 9600 The sleep timer is not active in M3 and the bytes controlling the timer RES Timer_H Timer_L are disregarded and can be omitted from the command as well Sleep Time is calculated according to the following formula Sleep Time RES TIMER H amp L 32 768khz Sleep modes must last for a minimum of 11 08ms F irmware History o v1 0 v1 1 4 Only PM3 supported command is lt 0xCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt 0x03 gt v1 1 6 v2 1 PM2 and PM3 supported command is lt OxCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt Mode gt lt RES gt lt Timer_H gt lt Tim
65. m T2510 KQL 2510100P 2268C Pluggable with U FL connector 2510100P PRM121 125mW 21 dBm 112510 KQL 2510100P 2268C Pluggable with chip antenna 2510100P PRM122 50mW 17 dBm 112510 KQL 2510100P 2268C EN 300 328 2 005WWCA0358 Pluggable with U FL connector 2510100P v1 71 EN 301 489 PRM123 50mW 17 dBm 112510 KQL 2510100P 2268C EN 300 328 2 005WWCA0359 Pluggable with chip antenna 2510100P v1 71 EN 301 489 PRM110 and PRM111 with hardware revisions 0050 0157 RevO through 0050 00157 Rev 1 have an FCC ID of KQL 2510100 and an IC number of 2268C 2510100 TABLE 11 LT2510 DEVELOPMENT KITS PART NUMBERS DVK PRM110 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one FCC IC RS 232 Eval Board containing the PRM110 radios DVK PRM111 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one FCC IC RS 232 Eval Board containing the PRM111 radios DVK PRM112 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one CE FCC IC RS 232 Eval Board containing the PRM112 radios DVK PRM113 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one CE FCC IC RS 232 Eval Board containing the PRM113 radios DVK PRM120 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one FCC IC RS 232 Eval Board containing the PRM120 radios DVK PRM121 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one FCC IC RS 232 Eval Board containing the PRM121 radios DVK PRM122 Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one FCC IC CE Japan RS 232 Eval Board c
66. mand lt OxCC gt lt OxF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt If the response is OxFF OxFF then VID has not been set If the response is 0x00 0x00 then the VID has been set Issuing the command lt 0xCC gt lt 0xF2 gt lt 0x06 gt lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt will not set the Vendor ID Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x23 gt Number of Bytes Returned 200 Response OxCC lt Digital Out Parameter Range lt Digital Out gt bit 1 GIO 1 bit 0 GIO O Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x24 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt 0x24 gt PWM Ratio gt Parameter Range lt PWM Ratio gt 0x00 OxFF the ratio of the high pulse versus the Low pulse for a single period Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x25 gt lt Max Pwr Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Max Pwr gt Parameter Range lt Max Power gt PRM210 211 220 221 PRM212 213 222 223 0x00 7 5 dBm typical 0x00 TBD 0x01 4 dBm typical 0x01 TBD 0x02 O dBm typical 0x02 TBD 0x03 4 dBm typical 0x03 TBD Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC0 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt Number of Bytes Returned 4 0 gt o Response lt OxCC gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data Parameter Range lt Start gt EEPROM address to begin reading at lt Length gt Length of data to be read lt Data gt Requested data Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC1 gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Data gt Number of
67. mit retries broadcast attempts have been utilized Once an ACK has been received or all retries attempts have been exhausted the current data packet is removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer To prevent the radio s RXD buffer from being overrun it is strongly recommended that the OEM Host monitor the radio s CTS output When the number of bytes in the RXD buffer reaches the value specified by CTS_ON EEPROM address Ox5C 0x5D the radio de asserts High CTS to signal to the OEM Host to stop sending data over the serial interface CTS is re asserted after the number of bytes in the RXD buffer is reduced to the value specified by CTS_OFF EEPROM addresses Ox5E Ox5F signalling to the OEM Host that it may resume sending data to the transceiver Note It is recommended that the OEM Host cease all data transmission to the radio while CTS is de asserted High otherwise potential data loss may occur TXD Data Buffer And RTS As data to be forwarded to the OEM Host accumulates it is stored in the LT2510 s outgoing buffer until the radio is ready to begin sending the data to the OEM Host Once the data packet has been sent to the Host over the serial interface it will be removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer With RTS Mode disabled the transceiver will send any data to the OEM Host as soon as it has data to send However some OEM Hosts ar
68. nly the Client will only address itself upon reception of Beacons therefore it will only address itself to the Server Auto Destination on Beacons Only is only functional when Auto Destination is also enabled Auto System ID EEPROM 45 bit 4 When enabled this will allow a client to attach to any server on the same RF Channel regardless of the System ID on the server or the client Beacon Skip EEPROM 0x6F When set the transceiver will send Server or listen Client for a beacon on hops spaced by the Beacon Skip number On a Client once the Beacon Skip count is reached the Client will listen every hop until it successfully hears a beacon It will then wait a number of hops specified by the Beacon Refresh before listening again Enabling this will allow the transceiver to conserve power by disabling its RF circuitry during the beacon time Enabling this on the Server will cause substantially longer sync times on the Clients Broadcast EEPROM 0xC1 bit 7 In Broadcast mode the transceiver will transmit the packet to all transceivers with the same Channel Number and System ID settings There is no RF acknowledgement sent from the recipient s back to the transmitter therefore the packet is sent out the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts Broadcast Attempts EEPROM 0x4D When transmitting broadcast packets the RF packet is broadcast out to all eligible receivers on the network Broadcast Attempts is used to increase the
69. nt on the signal strength of the received beacon the presence and strength of interference and randomness of the sync function It can vary from 150ms to over 1500ms GO_0 Hop_Frame The Hop Frame indicator functionality is disabled by default and controlled by the Control 1 Bit 6 EEPROM Setting When enabled this pin will transition logic Low at the start of a hop and transition logic High at the completion of a hop The OEM Host is not required to monitor Hop Frame RTS Handshaking With RTS mode disabled the transceiver will send any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received However some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS enabled in EEPROM the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver will send packets to the OEM Host as they are received Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver s transmit buffer reaches capacity CTS Handshaking If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High DE RE When enabled RS 485 Data Enable will use the DE RE pin
70. nts to allow them to automatically synchronize with the first server they detect regardless of channel number Note A client with Auto Channel will only synchronize with a server having a matching System ID Auto Config EEPROM 0x56 bit 0 The optimal settings for Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size vary according to the selected RF Profile and Interface Baud Rate Enabling Auto Config will bypass the value for these variables stored in EEPROM and use predetermined values that have been optimized for the given mode When Auto Config is disabled these values must be programmed in the transceiver EEPROM Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 13 wwwiairdtech com Auto Destination EEPROM 0x56 bit 4 To simplify EEPROM programming Auto Destination can be enabled in the radio which allows the radio to automatically set its destination to the address of the radio from which it last received a successful transmission from beacon or data packet Auto Destination on Beacons Only Address 0x56 bit 7 When Auto Destination is enabled the Client radio will address itself to the source of any received packet including beacons from the server and any addressed or broadcast packets it receives For point to multipoint networks where the Client is intended to only communicate back to the Server this could cause the Client to inadvertently become addressed to another Cleint By enabling Auto Destination on Beacons O
71. o Baud Port Auto Archive EEPROM Settings Monitor UDP for new devices Party None recommended r a Bts fe E Stop Bits fi x Port2 Settings Enabled Handshaking Hardware recommended v Port Open Communications idle COM1 115 200 8 N 1 RTS Portt High CTS Porti Low Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES 34 wwwiairdtech com UPGRADING FW COMMANDS These commands are used to upgrade the FW on the LT2510 these commands are only valid on FW version 1 3 and above COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Write Flash This command is used to write an encrypted binary file to the reserve flash The OEM should first issue the Erase Flash command before writing a new image to the flash Writes can only be done in increments less than 256 bytes The Binary file should start being written at address 0x00 and incremented from there Decrypt New Image This command is used to decrypt the binary file that was previously downloaded to the radio The next reboot of the module will cause this decrypted image to be loaded into the memory Once the file is decrypted it cannot be read from the module Erase New Image From Flash It is not necessary to issue this command Radio automatically erases the new image upon loading it into active memory However if the wrong image is loaded the image can be erased It is not possible to overwrite a downloaded image without erasing it o
72. o is the ratio of the high pulse time to the Low pulse time A value of 0x00 will output a continuous Low signal A ratio of OxFF will output a continuous high signal A ratio of 0x80 will put out a repeating pulse of 315 05uS high and 315 05uS Low Set Max Power The OEM Host issues this command to adjust the maximum output power Max Power settings are typical and can vary by 2dBm The maximum output power will never exceed 8dBm for PRM210 211 220 221 or TBD for PRM212 213 222 223 EEPROM Byte Read Upon receiving this command a transceiver will respond with the desired data from the EEPROM addresses requested by the OEM Host EEPROM Byte Write Upon receiving this command a transceiver will write the data byte to the specified address but will not echo it back to the OEM Host until the EEPROM write cycle is complete Vendor ID This command is used to set the Vendor ID in the radios The Vendor ID is a one time writable parameter which is not able to be read back for security purposes Radios with the Vendor ID set will only communicate to other radios that have Vendor ID set to the same value Once the Vendor ID is set it cannot be changed Setting this value incorrectly will result in a radio which will not be able to communicate with other radios on the network Setting the Vendor ID is not necessary for the radios to operate and care should be taken when using it To see if the Vendor ID has been set the OEM can issue the com
73. of their respective ho This material is preliminary Information furnished by Laird Technologies in this specification is believed to be accurate Devices sold by Laird of Sale only Laird Technologies makes no warranty express statutory and implied or by description regarding time and without notice Laird Technologies products are intended for use in normal commercial and industria support or life sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional testing for such application Limited Warranty Disclaimer Limitation of Liability For a period of one 1 year from the date of purchase by the OEM customer Laird Technologies warrants the O ing selling or otherwise distributing any part of this product or accompanying documentation software ders Technologies are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms the information set forth herein Laird Technologies reserves the right to change specifications at any applications Applications requiring unusual environmental requirements such as military medical life EM transceiver against defects in materials and workmanship Laird Technologies will not honor this warranty and this warranty will be automatically void if there has been any 1 tampering signs of tampering 2 repair or attempt to repair by anyone other than an Laird Technologies authorized technician This warranty does not cover and Laird Technologies will not
74. onfig is enabled If Auto Config is Disabled these values must be set correctly even if RS 485 Data Enable is not being used In v2 2 and beyond these parameters are not controlled by Auto Config but instead by Address 0x57 bit 5 The values to set are 485 Delay H Address 0x49 485 Delay M Address 0x4A 485 Delay L Address 0x4B To set them use the equation round the result up Address 0x49 and 0x4A 485H M 8 125MHz 81 Baud Rate quotient only Address 0x4B 485L 8 125MHz Baud Rate mod 81 So for 19 200 you should calculate 00 05 12 Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 12 wwwiairdtech com FLOW CONTROL Although flow control is not required for transceiver operation it is recommended to achieve optimum system performance and to avoid overrunning the LT2510 s serial buffers The LT2510 uses separate buffers for incoming and outgoing data RXD Data Buffer And CTS As data is sent from the OEM Host to the radio over the serial interface it is stored in the LT2510 buffer until the radio is ready to transmit the data packet The radio waits to transmit the data until one of the following conditions occur whichever occurs first e The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A e An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 The data continues to be stored in the buffer until the radio receives an RF Acknowledgement ACK from the receiving radio addressed mode or all trans
75. ontaining the PRM 122 radios DVK PRM123 Full Development Kit with two PRM123 radios FCC IC CE Japan 43 wwwiairdtech com Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 44 wwwiairdtech com APPROVED ANTENNA LIST The following antennas are approved for operation with the LT2510 for use in North America and select markets as identified This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below and having a maximum gain of 9dB Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than the maximum allowed are strictly prohibited for use with this device The required antenna impedance is 50 Ohms TABLE 12 LT2510 APPROVED ANTENNA LIST WIC2450 A 1G2450 R 36 1ID2450 RS36 0600 00039 151 6 PX 2450S 0600 00040 181 6 PX 2450S WCP2400 2150 00006 NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies Laird Technologies Laird Technologies Nearson Nearson Laird Technologies Laird Technologies Chip Omni Panel Dipole Dipole Dipole Dipole NAM Om OJAN The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module COMPLIANCY INFORMATION 45 wwwiairdtech com FCC IC REQUIREMENTS FOR MODULAR APPROVAL In general there are two agency classifications of wireless applications portable and mobile Portable Portable is a classification of equipm
76. ow is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards ENGINEER S TIP When using GIO 7 GIO 3 Pairs the input output will be digital unless Remote Analog Enable bit is set Address 0x57 bit 4 in which case the input is Analog and the output is PWM TXD and RXD are not available for UART serial data when used as in Remote I O Force 9600 must be Low on boot to disable Remote I O Mode and issue commands When not using pairs bit 7 clear one radio should have all I O as inputs and the other radio or radios should have all I O as output Remote I O Mode must be enabled on both the local and remote radio and the Remote I O Control Bit must be set for the same pair on both radios All I O state information for all lines is transmitted when any update is triggered Thus on the receiving radio any enabled output pins will be updated regardless of whether those pins were enabled on the transmitting radio RF Channel Number EEPROM 0x40 This product uses FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum protocol in which the transceiver will communicate using frequency bins spaced throughout the frequency band Therefore RF Channel Number specifies a unique pseudo random hopping sequence Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 16 wwwiairdtech com RF Profile EEPROM 0x54 RF Profile can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range Deciding which RF Profile
77. p and high when the module is awake Sniff Permit EEPROM 0x45 bit 0 Sniff Permit will allow a radio to receive a data packet from another radio on the network regardless of the Destination MAC Address in the packet This allows an OEM to create a Sniffer for all network traffic Sniff Permit would need to be enabled on the transmitting radio to grant it s permission to be heard Sniff Report and Sniff Permit would need to be enabled on the sniffer radio to cause it to send sniffed packets out the serial port System ID EEPROM 0x76 System ID is similar to a password character or network number and makes network eavesdropping more difficult A receiving transceiver will not go in range of or communicate with another transceiver on a different System ID System ID can be ignored on a Client by enabling Auto System ID Transmit Retries EEPROM 0x4C When transmitting addressed packets the RF packet is sent out to the receiver designated by its destination address Transmit Retries is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended receiver Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter will send the RF packet to the intended receiver If the receiver receives the packet free of errors it will send the transmitter an acknowledgement If the transmitter does not receive this acknowledgement it will assume the packet was never received and retry the packet This will continue until the packet is successfully received or the transmitt
78. pend each packet of data with the following header information FIGURE 3 TRANSMIT API PACKET FORMAT Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Data Bytes 2 Payload Data Length 0x01 0x50 Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Transmit Retries Broadcast Attempts Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Destination MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data 1 Setting the Destination Address to OxFF OxFF OxFF will broadcast the packet to all available transceivers in the network Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS 38 wwwiairdtech com MECHANICAL DRAWING FIGURE 4 FORM FACTOR SMD ANT PCB Mounting Top View Top View 0 079 typ ie 1 000 0 875 0 619 0 381 0 125 0 000 19 N Ka o 0 205 0 837 0 875 1 275 1 535 1 130 PCB Pad Pattern Top View L goooonoor p Aa 88 0 381 0 080 0 450 ia o i ToT 070 1 000 1 750 T BB Rea 0 205 rt RF Shield 0 079 typ 0 165 RF Test Probe 0 141 a Blackchip Antenna 0 031 0 000 N Keep area under the module free of other components or any traces and copper on the outer layer Keep shaded area free of any components traces copper and vias on ALL layers of the pc board Also avoid any metal above or near the antenna Pad Detail 0 079 typ 0 040 0 070 Notes All dimensions are 005 inches PC Board Material is 0 031 thick FR4 Board edge connections are 0 031 plated
79. quick summary of the basic configuration and diagnostic commands available on the LT2510 For detailed command information please refer to the command descriptions immediately following the Quick Reference Table On The Fly Control Commands The LT2510 transceiver contains memory that holds many of the parameters that control the transceiver operation Using the On the Fly command set allows many of these parameters to be viewed and changed during system operation Because the memory these commands affect is dynamic when the transceiver is reset these parameters will revert back to the settings stored in the EEPROM EEPROM Configuration Commands Two Commands are available to read and write the EEPROM of the radio These commands are very powerful as they can control the entire configuration of the radio They should be used with caution as overwriting reserved areas of memory can adversely affect the operation of the radio The radio must be reset for any changes to the EEPROM to take affect Utility Commands Utility Commands are used to enter and exit AT Command Mode and to reset the radio Status Commands Status Commands are used to query the radio for information Status commands can be used to poll GPIOs ADCs or to retrieve information about the state of the network Status commands do not affect the operation of the transceiver aside from being in Command Mode Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510
80. r activating it This command erases the memory between addresses 0x0000 and 0x7FF Memory between addresses 0x800 and Ox3BFF is erased automatically by the first write exceeding to address 0x800 or higher Because this memory contains active code the radio will now disconnect from the network until the upgrade process is completed Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt Length 1 0 gt lt BytesToWrite gt Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Result gt lt StartAddress 1 0 gt Parameter Range lt StartAddress 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 0x3B OxFF Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x01 0x00 OxFF BytesToWrite gt The actual data being written lt Result gt 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out 0x06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 A valid image already exists erase that Flash before overwriting Command lt OxCC gt lt 0xC5 Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xC5 gt lt Data gt Parameter Range 0x00 0x01 lt Data gt No Error Error in File integrity erase Flash and retry download 0x02 Not enough free memory Reset the module and try again 0x04 Image Already Decrypted Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC6 Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0xC6 gt Parameter Range Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module
81. sceiver Signal Ground 3 3 3 6 V 50mV ripple must be connected 3 3 3 6 V 50mV ripple must be connected Signal Ground Force 9600 When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting the transceiver s serial interface is forced to a 9600 8 N 1 rate Note Because this mode disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation Generic Input RESET Controlled by the 72510 for power on reset if left unconnected After a stable power on reset a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming OEM Host data as command data When logic High the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as transmit data When logic Low the client is in range and synchronized with a server This will always be Low on a Server Request to Send Floats high if left unconnected When enabled in EEPROM the module will not transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is Low Clear to Send CTS is used for hardware flow control CTS will toggle high when the input buffer reaches the CTS On threshold until the buffer recedes below CTS Off Generic Input Reserved for future use Do not connect Reserved for future use Do not connect Analog to Digital Input Pin 18 GIO 8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev O and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards ENGINEER S TIP
82. sed as a complete packet Interface Timeout EEPROM address 0x58 in conjunction with the RF Packet Size determines when a buffer of data will be sent out over the RF as a complete RF packet based on whichever condition occurs first Interface Timeout is adjustable in 200us increments and should be equal to or greater than two full bytes times The minimum Interface Timeout is Ox02 The radio will use the default Interface Timeout for a given baud rate if Auto Config is enabled despite what is written in the Interface Timeout address To use a non standard Interface Timeout the OEM would need to disable Auto Config Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 11 www lairdtech com RF Packet Size RF Packet Size is used in conjunction with Interface Timeout to determine when to delineate incoming data as an entire packet based on whichever condition is met first When the transceiver receives the number of bytes specified by RF Packet Size EEPROM address 0x5A without experiencing a byte gap equal to Interface Timeout that block of data is processed as a complete packet Every packet the transceiver sends over the RF contains extra header bytes not counted in the RF Packet Size Therefore it is much more efficient to send a few large packets than to send many short packets The maximum RF Packet Size is 239 bytes or OxEF at 500kkbps RF Data Rate and 96 bytes or 0x60 at 280kbps RF Data Rate The RF Packet Siz
83. t 0x20 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Digital Out Parameter Range lt Digital Out gt bit 1 GIO_8 bit 0 GIO 4 Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x21 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes Returned 3 Response OxCC lt Hi ADC gt lt Lo ADC gt Parameter Range lt Data bits 7 6 gt lt Reference Voltage gt 00 Internal 1 25V reference 10 Voltage on Vcc pin lt Data bits 5 4 gt lt Resolution gt 00 64 decimation rate 7 bits resolution 01 128 decimation rate 9 bits resolution 10 256 decimation rate 10 bits resolution 11 512 decimation rate 12 bits resolution lt Data bits 3 O gt lt Channel gt 0000 AD In GIO_7 1100 GND 1101 Positive Voltage Reference 1110 Temperature Sensor 1111 Vec 3 lt Hi ADC gt MSB or requested 12 bit ADC value lt lo ADC gt LSB of requested 12 bit ADC value Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x22 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt RSSI gt Parameter Range RSSl gt 0x00 OxFF Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module CONFIGURING THE LT2510 32 wwwiairdtech com COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Write Digital Outputs The OEM Host issues this command to write both digital output lines to particular states These states will be persistent unless overwritten by another enabled function such as Hop Frame Write PWM Output The PWM output is a square wave with a 630 1US period The PWM rati
84. t Option 1 Enable 9600 Boot Option Specifies a byte gap timeout used in conjunction with RF Packet Size to determine when a packet coming over the interface is complete 200us per increment This is only used when Auto Config is disabled o RF Packet Size CTS On 20 www lairdtech com Ox5A 0x5C 2 See Description 0x0000 Ox1 FFF 0x60 0x01C0 Used in conjunction with Interface Timeout specifies the maximum size of an RF packet Value in address is only used when Auto Config is disabled RF Packet Size should not be less than 0x06 to ensure AT Commands can be issued The maximum value is 0x60 for 280kbps RF Data Rate and OxEF for 500kbps RF Data Rate Note Must be set to a minimum of 6 in order to send the Enter AT command If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emp tied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High CTS will be deasserted High when the transmit buffer contains this many characters or more Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module EEPROM PARAMETERS 21 www lairdtech com TABLE 9 EEPROM PARAMETERS CONTINUED CTS Off Ox5E 0x0000 0x0180 If the transceiver buffer fills up and more
85. the random frequency hopping sequence of the radios it is not possible to associate a specific bin with a specific frequency though the OEM can use the Bin Analyzer response to identify any possible interferers and to provide a quantitative analysis of the total number of good versus bad bins The Bin Analyzer command will stream data results back for each hop until the command is turned off or the number of runs is met The Bin Analyzer command must be issued from Command Mode but it will continue to stream results back even after the OEM has exited Command Mode The Bin Analyzer packet is sent as part of the RF Packet Header and does not affect the throughput of data between two radios See the RSSI section of the manual for equations to convert RSSI to a dBm value Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x01 gt Number of Bytes Returned 5 Response lt OxCC gt lt Response 32bits gt Parameter Range lt Response gt bit 0 Sleep Crystal check If set Sleep timing crystal failed to start bit 1 Wake Event If set the radio was awakened from sleep with the Sleep Interrupt Force 9600 pin bit 2 Boot Error lf set last reset was due to brown out or power on reset If not set then reset was due to uP_Reset pin or Soft Reset command bit 3 Calibration Event If set then the sleep timer is performing a calibration Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x02 Response lt OxCC gt lt 0x02 gt lt Error gt lt Page
86. this command to set the addressing mode in the radio If both Broadcast Mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio will send the RF packets in Broadcast Mode Read IRAM This command is used to view the IRAM contents The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed via the IRAM commands will take effect immediately and will remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are Range Refresh 0x3D RF Channel 0x41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Packet Size Ox5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS_On_L 0x5D CTS Off H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 3 0x72 Destination MAC Address 2 0x73 Destination MAC Address 1 0x74 Destination MAC Address 0 0x75 System ID 0x76 Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0xA4 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC lt Temp gt Parameter Range lt Temp gt Temperature Celsius in two s complement format Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x02 gt lt Channel gt NumberofBytesRetumed2 Response lt 0xCC gt lt Channel Parameter Range lt Channel gt 0x00 0x4E RF Channel to use Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x03 gt lt Data Number of Bytes Returned
87. though this would limit the OEM to a maximum A D Input of 1 25V Vcc 3 and the temperature sensor readings should use the internal 1 25v reference as those voltages will never exceed 1 25v The ADC result is represented in a two s complement form The result is the difference between ground and the selected channel and will be a value between 2048 and 2047 with 2047 representing the maximum value where the ADC result equals the reference voltage and 2048 equals the negative of the reference voltage The ADC cannot measure a voltage higher than the reference voltage Get Last RSSI This command is used to report signal strength RSSI information from the last RF Packet the radio received This command will report the signal strength of any received RF packet including the Server beacon data packets and even RF Packets that were not intended for this radio eg packets with a different Destination MAC Address than this radio Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x16 gt Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt API Control gt Parameter Range lt Auto Dest gt bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API bit O Receive API Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x17 gt lt API Control Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response lt OxCC gt lt API Control gt Parameter Range lt Auto Dest gt bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API Command lt OxCC gt l
88. to Destination on Beacon only By default the Auto Destination feature will address the transceiver to the last packet it received whether it is a beacon from the server or a data packet sent from any radio By setting Address 0x56 Bit 7 the module will only auto destination based on the beacon from the server FW 2 4 1 e Added Sleep Timer Mode e Added Remote I O Mode e Added Beacon Skip e Added Discard Framing Error Packets e Corrected 9 bit issues which only permitted 9 bit to work with mark and space parity e Fully implemented sleep modes e Eliminated bottleneck between TX serial interface and RF receive buffer e Added Auto Destination on Beacons Only e Removed RS485 DE RE timing control from Auto Config and moved to its own control e Added Hop Packet Delineation e Added Sniff Report e Added Sleep Pin Indicator e Added Status Request Error Report command FW 2 6 0 e There is a known issue that v2 6 0 cannot be upgraded and must first be downgraded to v2 4 1 and then upgraded to any version FW 2 9 0 e Fixed a problem where a Client occasionally and suddenly goes out of range of the Server about twice a week on average This has been present since inception e Fixed a problem where rarely the Enter AT Command could be treated as transparent data and get transmitted over the RF This has been present since v2 1 0 e Fixed a problem where Random Backoff is calculated on every attempt to send a packet even the first attempt It
89. to control the DE pin on external RS 485 circuitry When the transceiver has data to send to the host it will assert DE RE High send the data to the host and then take DE RE Low PWM Output PWM ouput can be configured to output on any of three pins SMT Pins 5 6 or 7 The PWM Output can optionally produce a pulse width modulation for RSSI with a period of 315 077uS Laird Technologies LT2510 Wireless Module THEORY OF OPERATION 8 wwwiairdtech com SERVER CLIENT ARCHITECTURE The LT2510 utilizes a server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a Server and all other radios configured as Clients When a radio is configured as a Server it will transmit a beacon containing timing and identification information at the beginning of each hop The beacon is never visible to the OEM host Upon boot radios configured as Clients will enter receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a Server in their network When a Client detects the Server s beacon the client will synchronize it s frequency hopping to that of the Server and transition the InRange pin Low When the Server and the Client are synchronized they can begin transferring data Each network consists of one and only one Server Multiple networks can exist in the same area provided the networks are configured on different Channels The LT2510 utilizes an intelligent
90. which permits a Client RF packet to collide with a Server RF packet in Full Duplex mode e Baud rates lt 4800 baud will drop a byte when sending packets over the serial interface larger than the RF Packet Size e The Bin Analyzer command reports the incorrect bin number e The module does not work properly below 0 C FW 1 1 4 e CRC issue present in 1 0 3 was corrected This correction makes a v1 0 3 radio incompatible over the air with any newer versions of the Firmware e Fixed Full Duplex Mode issue FW 1 1 6 e Changed Deep Sleep AT Command from CC 86 003 to CC 86 03 00 00 00 The new command is backwards compatible but the old command is no longer relevant FW1 2 5 e RF Data Rate EEPROM bytes 0x51 0x53 has been superseded by the RF Profile byte EEPROM 0x54 RF Profile is the preferred method to set the RF Data Rate and number of Hops e Reduced RX Buffer from 768 bytes to 512 bytes and increased the heap memory to 1800 bytes All serial and RF packets are now routed through the heap CTS_ON and CTS_Off only reflect the memory usage of the 512 byte RX buffer The RX buffer will never fill unless the heap becomes full e 9 bit mode released e Fixed issue with baud rates lt 4800 e Fixed issue with temperatures below 0 C FW1 4 1 e Serial firmware upgradeability feature was added Firmware versions prior to v1 4 do not support field upgradeability e Reset radio and restore factory defaults command OxCC OxFF OxDF was added This

Laird PRM113 Datasheet

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents