Automatic Solar Powered Water Pumping Using Zigbee
Contents
1. IE T AE EXPLORING RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website www ijetae com ISSN 2250 2459 ISO 9001 2008 Certified Journal Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014 Automatic Solar Powered Water Pumping Using Zigbee Technology Mohit Bansal Tushar Bhatia Sanchit Srivastava Shivangani Gupta Tripti Goyal Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Ideal Institute of Technology Ghaziabad U P Abstract There has been a vast improvement and change in agriculture technologies used for irrigation purpose Farm machineries farm buildings and production facilities have been improved to a large extent It has been found that PV system is the best solution for remote agriculture and for needs such as water pumping for crops or river life stock Zigbee technology is renewable and is still a new concept A Zigbee based water pumping system comprises of various components like PV panels pumps and Zigbee modules In this Zigbee technology is used for wireless transmission and for enhancing the security of the system In our system we have tried to automate the water pumping system to pump the water whenever the water level is increased beyond the prescribed level during rain or flood I INTRODUCTION Solar photovoltaicity is being widely used in different applications Despite of various limitations of several energy sources one of the most appropriate and simpl2. Oct 04 2012
3. d secure 12 IV BENEFITS COST Assume If the pumping is done for 4 hours a day then electrical energy consumption is 2 units a day and if the cost of each unit INR 4 5 then cost of pumping water from a normal pump INR 9 a day Then monthly cost of pumping from a normal pump will be INR 270 whereas monthly cost of pumping water from solar powered pump INR Q If the cost of labour is INR 100 per day so monthly charge for the labour INR 3000 whereas cost of pumping water from solar powered pumping with ZIGBEE technology INR 0 INR INDIAN RUPEES 815 V CONCLUSION At present labour saving and water saving technology is a key issue in irrigation A wireless solution for intelligent field irrigation system dedicated to planting based on Zigbee technology instead of conventional wired connection the wireless design made the system easy installation and maintenance The hardware architecture and software algorithm of wireless sensor actuator node and portable controller are acting as the end device by coordinator in Zigbee wireless sensor network respectively So that the controlling of water pump for farmers makes so easy and providing security make it secure Overall the proposed implementation of high power Zigbee based automatic water pump controlling system offering low power consumption with high reliability is presented Another important fact of this system is the easy installation of the system where the base station ca
4. er pump e Now motor is running on its normal operating condition e Controller or sensor matches the desired water level e If water level is sufficient for the use then motor will run normally e otherwise abnormal condition signal will be transmitted from zigbee module situated at farm to zigbee module situated at control board e Then controlling signal will be sends back to the receiver side zigbee module to switch OFF the motor e Motor will be turned OFF A farmer simply sends a command from control board for switching ON OFF the water pump for preventing the excess flow of water and the command signal uses Zigbee technology for transmitting the signal to water pump connected in the farm for irrigation purpose This zigbee technology uses Zigbee modules connected in transmitting side control board and receiving side water pump On the time of wastage of water Zigbee module sends a signal of excess water flow to control board from which farmer can monitor and control the water pump And power for operating pump and controlling board are provided by solar panel Zigbee also have an advantage of security embedded C programming provides controlling of the pump 8 can possible by that farmer which is authenticate for this So this project uses a new technology with the use of solar energy without making any pollution and farmers doesn t need to go to switch OFF or ON the pump hence controlling of water pump becomes easier an
5. est use of photovoltaicity is water pumping 2 Solar powered water pumping system is widely used in crop irrigation now days The major advantage of this water pumping system is storing water when sun is shining thus eliminating the need of batteries It enhances the simplicity and reduce the overall cost of the system There are two types of solar power water pumping system 6 They are battery coupled and direct coupled Battery coupled water pumping system shown in fig 1 a consists of PV panels charge control regulator batteries pump controllers pressure switch tank and DC water pump The PV panels charges the batteries which provide supply to the pump whenever water is needed 3 In direct coupled pumping system which is shown in fig 1 b electricity from PV modules is directly sent to the pump which in turn pumps water whenever it is needed This is designed to pump the water only during day time while battery coupled can pump the water both during day and night 7 Since in direct coupled water pumping system the amount of pumping is directly dependent on the sunlight hitting the PV panels and the type of the pump thus due to change in intensity of sunlight during the day the amount of water pumped by the system also changes 812 Watering Pump Controller Pressure D i Controller Switch Photovoltaic Panels Storage Tank Pressure Switch Photovoltaic Controller Panels Watering Tan
6. g 2 2 amp fig 2 3 a Solar Panel solar panel is a electrically connected PV modules attached on a supporting structure The solar panel is used for generate and transmit electricity in different areas from solar energy The DC output power is the rating of each module under STC standard test condition ranging between 100 to 320 watt Solar panel is most costlier than the others components in this experiment It comprises 80 of the setup cost 16 efficient module consist half of the area of 8 on 230 watt module A limited amount of power can be produced by a single solar module The size of the solar panel is directly dependent on the size of the pump the amount of water that is required m d and the solar energy available 4 b Sensor The purpose of the Sensor is used for sensing the level of water on operating condition if there is any deviation from normal level of the water takes place then the system will be turned off Due to this wastage of water minimises and efficiency will increase 10 BASE STATION Fig 2 3 Circuit diagram of receiver 814 IE AE EXPLORING RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website www ijetae com ISSN 2250 2459 ISO 9001 2008 Certified Journal Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014 As shown in the fig 2 1 the operation of solar power water pumping system has been presented in the following manner e Start solar wat
7. gh simulation The Zigbee standard has been proposed to interconnect simple low rate and battery powered wireless device based on IEEE 802 15 4 Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network LR WPAN standard 1 Numerous applications such as home appliances network home healthcare medical monitoring and environmental sensors are expected to be facilitated by deployment of Zigbee network For Zigbee mesh networks effective routing scheme is more important for which it uses NS 2 In Zigbee application layer different data services is suitable for routing and for Zigbee mesh network best routing strategy are proposed Physical layer wireless standard applications support services operating on the top of the IEEE 802 15 Medium Access Control MAC and network security are provided by Zigbee standard 14 A group of technologies are employed to enable scalable self organising self healing networks that can manage various data traffic patterns It has the advantage of low cost low power and has wireless mesh networking standard It has wide application in wireless control and monitoring application Due to its low cost the low power usage allows longer life with smaller batteries and mesh networking which promises high reliability and larger range Zigbee has been developed to meet the growing demands for capable wireless networking between numerous low power devices which promises high reliability and larger range Aim of using Zigbee technolog
8. k Pressure Tank Water Source Fig1 b Direct coupled solar water pumping system In this paper automatic controlling of the solar pump using solar panel and Zigbee module is done Zigbee technology provides security and wireless transmission of data from transmitter control board to receiver water pump The major challenge with this solar powered water pumping system is its monitoring and control In addition these systems are installed in open ambient which poses a challenge for the appointed personnel to monitor its operation It would be convenient if it could be operated from remote control room Zigbee technology provides one such easiest way for the operation of solar powered water pumping system 5 Il TECHNOLOGY USED The control of solar powered water pumping system has been done through Zigbee technology Zigbee technology is a wireless communication technology to connect local wireless nodes Due to data communication with low power it provides high stability and high transfer rate IE AE EXPLORING RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website www ijetae com ISSN 2250 2459 ISO 9001 2008 Certified Journal Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014 It is possible to perform wide range of data transfer by grouping study method Data is transferred depending on the node signal strength in Zigbee node and the suggested algorithm which can be analyzed throu
9. li seconds 10m 70 m 300 m 128 bit AES amp applicatio 64 bit 128 n layer Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones Laptop Computers Headsets and expects regular charging whereas ZigBee is better for devices where the battery is rarely replaced Zigbee transfers smaller packets over large networks and these networks are mainly static while Bluetooth transfers large packets over small networks using ad hoc network Zigbee used in toys remote controls home automation etc and Bluetooth used in mobiles screen graphics pictures hands free audio headsets PDAs etc Enumerati 802 11b profile Complexit Very complex simple y complex Nodes 32 7 64000 master Latency Enumeration upto 3 seconds Extendibil Roaming O ity possible 11 Mbps 1 Mbps 250 Kbps Security Authenticati on service bit set ID SSID user defined IE AE EXPLORING RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website www ijetae com ISSN 2250 2459 ISO 9001 2008 Certified Journal Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014 The advantages of Zigbee are low power c Solar Pumping Motor Solar pump motors can consumption simply implemented Bluetooth has be used on AC alternating current or DC direct many different modes and states depending upon your current voltage Direct current motors are in latency and power requirements such as sniff park range of ab
10. n be placed at the local residence close to the farm and the monitoring task can be done by only that person who has authenticated for it 13 And the main advantage of solar system is when the prices of fossil fuels rise and the economic advantages of mass production reduce the peak watt cost of the photovoltaic cell 9 photovoltaic power will become more cost competitive and more common The cost of power and labour will be zero REFERENCES 1 Cuirronet ZMN2405 HP ZigbeeTM Module User Manual Rev A 2007 2 Helikson H J et al Pumping water for irrigation using energy University of Florida USA 1995 3 Trakia Journal of Sciences Vol 3 No 7 pp 7 11 2005 http www abyaran com pdf technical papers pumps SOLAR 20POWERED 20WATER 20PUM PING 20S YSTEMS pdf 4 SunPower e20 Module Retrieved 7 April http www wikipedia com solar_panel html Developer s Kit solar 2013 5 Development and Test of Sensor Aided Microcontroller Based Irrigation System with Web Browser Interface by Aaron Wills Curtin University 2002 6 Solar Powered Livestock Watering Systems http animalscience ag utk edu WasteMgmt Extension WasteManagement html 7 Solar Cells EIE Department of Research on electricity applications Ankara Turkey 1992 8 Andrew Caples Srinath Balaraman Rich Rejmaniak Mar 28 2014 http www embedded com showArticle html article D 18902431 9 Uni solar Solar energy produces catalogue and br
11. ochures USA 2001 Energy efficient wireless sensor network used for farmland soil moisture monitoring by Zhang Ruirui Chen Liping Guo Jianhua Meng Zhiun Xu Gang Beijing Research Centre of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing China 10 11 12 13 IE AE EXPLORING RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website www ijetae com ISSN 2250 2459 ISO 9001 2008 Certified Journal Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014 Bogart Theodore F Electronic Devices and Circuits Fourth Edition Prentice Hall 1997 A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors By Mahir Dursun and Semih Ozden Department of Electrical Education Technical Education Faculty Gazi University 06500 Teknikokullar Ankara Turkey www academicjournals org sre pdf Dursun 20an 20Ozden pdf MURTHY Y N TeacheratS S B N COLLEGE www slideshare net yayavaram 805 1 microcontroller notes html 816 14 15 Chae M J Yoo H S Kim J R and Cho M Y Bridge Condit ion Monitoring System Using Wireless Network CDMA and Zigbee 23rd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction ISARC 2006 Tokyo Japan 3 5 Oct 2006 IEEE Wireless Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network LR WPANs IEEE Standard 802 15 4TM 2003 Autonomous on
12. out 3 kW and used for small to hold active etc whereas ZIGBEE IEEE 802 15 4 has medium applications e g garden fountains active transmit receive or sleep mains powered landscaping drinking water for livestock or equipments needs to be conscious of energy low cost small irrigation projects Since DC pumps have device installation maintenance high density of higher overall efficiency than AC pumps of same nodes per network security etc size cost will be reduced with the use of smaller solar panel 9 Ill METHODOLOGY d Inverter An inverter is used for converting the alternating current output of AC solar pump in direct current The power range of inverters can be extends from 0 15 to 55 kW for larger __ A ld e irrigation systems However the panel and H L inverters will be used according to the requirement e Zigbee Module ZIGBEE is a specification for a E suite of high level communication protocol used a Ss pu to create personal area networks built from E g wee small low power digital radios ZIGBEE is a E low cost low power wireless mesh network mar m aiea standard The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control Low power uses allows longer life with smaller batteries ibhb i Fig 2 1 Block diagram of Zigbee based water pump controlling a l l l l Circuit diagrams of transmitter and receiver are Different components used in the system are 11 shown in fi
13. y is to reduce the energy consumption and latency by enhancing routing algorithm In a traditional three routing when a node wants to transmit a packet to the destination like a child parent relationship packet has to follow and go along tree topology even if the destination is lying at nearby source An enhanced tree routing algorithm is introduced using Zigbee network in order to solve this problem By computing the routine cost for all routers this algorithm can find out the shortest path by routing The shortest path by routing caused of all to router that s stored in neighbour table and transmit the packet to the neighbour router which reduces the hop count of transmission More stability and better efficiency can be achieved by enhancing tree routing algorithm Zigbee has many features like Dual PHY 2 4GHz and 868 915 MHz Data rates of 250 kbps 2 4 GHz 40 kbps 915 MHz and 20 kbps 868 MHz 15 Optimized for low duty cycle applications lt O 1 CSMA CA channel access Yields high throughput and low latency for low duty cycle devices like sensors and controls Optional guaranteed time slot for applications requiring low latency Fully hand shaked protocol for transfer reliability Range 50m typical 5 500m based on environment Low power battery life multi month to years Multiple topologies star peer to peer mesh Comparison of key features of complementary protocols Enumeration upto 10 seconds mi
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