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3. Watershed delineation using BASINS 4.0

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1. 4 LJ 2 LJ i ctocbor 2 3D Analyst Tools eS Anaya Tous Input Dataset of Feature Class s a Cartoy aptiy Tools wane fenedes S i amp Conversion Toots be aka Inter ty To e Dake iteroperad ty Took ak Coona Sieben D Q Ota Managemerz Tools b amp Data Comparison Database Cescormected Eding utpt Dataset of Feature Class amp Oewirdaded Goats abari C ARASINS chat achat OOED LOR AO Or Prerja t ddo oe Domarna s Festure Class tp Cocrdinate System Features cs Fields eet asim Geographie Transformation optional gt Gmer y Gerner AION b Indewes korn Levers and Table Views amp Projections and Trarstormanors amp Festue E tad Projet Rester Create Cuntom Geen aghk Tras A Celine Projection amp Raster Fig 4 2 Using Feature Project tool to reproject the shapefiles 47 3 Choose the output coordinate system by clicking on the icon e and Select a Geographical Coordinate System in the region of the world where your watershed is located For the USA North America Datum 1983 works well Fig 4 3 Click OK both times G Morth Arkar EELS pn G eoret LET pr h hoth Amaian IAHE i Georga telandd pi Gh iiorth Amencan Babun raran a Lance dand pi C S Pad Hiwi pe Eiroa atri Jiz He iohanni E Fig 4 3 Selection of Geographical Coordinate System to reprojected a file 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the other
2. ccc cc cece cece ee eeee eens eeeeeeeeseeeaaeeeeesageeneengs 50 5 1 Building a new WARMEF Project FOIder ccc cece cence eee eeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeees 50 5 2 Importing the Watershed Delineation into WARMF 0 cceeeeeeeeeseeeeees 52 5 3 Verifying the Hydrologic Network Connectivity in WARMF 00006 55 5 4 Defining subwatersheds in WARM ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeees 56 5 5 Taking your WARMF project out for a test drive cece ecee cece eee ee eee eeeees 59 Importing Land use Data into WARMF ccc ccc cce cece eee eeee sees eeeneeeeeeeeeneeeees 66 6 1 Importing the GIRAS land use data ccc ccc cece cece cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeaes 68 6 2 Importing the NLCD land use data cece cece eect eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaneeeaes 71 Importing Time Series Data into WARMP ccccceee cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees 74 7 1 Meteorological data airain e a NTR 75 7 1 1 WDM Meteorological data cece cece ccc tees ee ee ects ee eeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeags 75 7 1 2 NOAA s NCDC Meteorological data from major airports 5 86 7 1 3 Importing the meteorological data into WARMF ceeeeeeeeees 92 Tek Al QUAIITY dilaset a a a a wilde diab se cae 97 Jo2s Data SOULCES ispa e a a a a a 97 7 2 2 Importing air quality data into WARMF ccccceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 103 Tas ODSEIVEO HY GIOlOGY fi cidsdtiwetuieracoe tae adarert
3. Generated SQL SELECT DISTINCT PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT NPDES PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTRATION_UNIT_CODE PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTR_AV PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTR_MAX PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTR_MIN to_char PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT MONITORING_PERIOD_END_DATE YYYY MM DD PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT PARAM_CODE PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT QTY_AVG PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT QTY_MAX PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT QUANTITY_UNIT_CODE from PCS_PERMIT_FACILITY PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT where PCS_PERMIT_FACILITY usgs_hydro_basin_code lil 03060108 and PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT npdes PCS_PERMIT_FACILITY npdes JUnit Code for Concentration ercentration Concentration Concentration Monitoring ae A Maximum Minimum Period End z Concentration Average Value gt ee mer ae E 2 Value Value Date e GA0021857 I i iI 31 DEC 2002 fo 0300 GA0021857 3 1 JAN 2003 0 0300 GA0021857 31 OCT 2005 MANNA Fig 7 106 Viewing the results of a PCS query 133 8 9 Scroll down to the bottom You will notice that several stations report no values Presumably there is no discharge associated with these locations At the bottom you can see the total number of records e g 1396 for Brier Creek You can continue to the next page to view more records or click on the Output to CSV File button Fig 7 107 Note that you don t have to view all the records to create a CSV Comma Separated V
4. Summary of additional data for this site There are oo data for the period requested previous 365 days for ihis site Fig 7 67 Selecting time period for tabular output 9 The file that is generated is already in the format needed for WARMF Fig 7 68 110 revision United States Government may be held liable for Additional info File format description Automated retrieval info http waterdata usgs http waterdata usas Contact retrieved 2007 09 07 18 49 15 gs w support nwisweb uscs cov EDT Data for the following site s are contained in USGS 02197600 BRUSHY CREEK NEAR WRENS GA Data provided for site 02197600 DD parameter statistic Description oi 00060 00003 Discharge Data value qualification codes included in this e Value has been estimated Sch cd a cg Gd Sd Gy a M 4k eee Ae Ae k Ae Ae Ae Ae Ae de eM i de Se fe te te te u WARNING The data you have obtained from this automated U S have not received Director s approval and as such are provisional and subject to The data are released on the condition http waterdata usaqs cov nwis Geological Survey database that neither the USGS nor the any damages resulting from its use help provisional Gov nwis tab delimited format info gov nwis automated retrieval info this file cubic feet per second Mean output A Approved for publication Processing and review completed gency cd site no datetime 01 00060
5. Weather Stat USGS Gage Bactena a Weather Stt O NAWQA Stu O AL Point Sources amp _ Permit Comp OM Political l Urban Area County Nam County Boun L L EPA Reaion L State Bound O l Urban Area O v w Legend Preview M X 1309561 182 Y 1177126 653 Meters _X 1309 561 Y 1177 127 Kilometers Fig 2 9 Display of Digital Elevation Model grid data 12 12 You can change the properties of the datasets by clicking on their icon grid Square line zigzag line point at the right of the layer s name which brings up the Legend Editor with the information for the specific layer Fig 2 11 Click Edit to change the coloring scheme or label setup The other properties can be changed by clicking on the current value BASINS 4 BrierCreek E Plovatlon jh DEM Eiewati HE E Hvdredeay mE Reach Fia Aw C Cataloging U S L Accountina kd Catulogng ULI O Observed Data St i Water Qualit Li Water Quah CI WOM Wesih C Weather Stat O USGS Gage C Bacteria a Weather sta O NAWQA Stu O BO Point Sources A Li Pennit Came E Lespond Proponas Legend Pecture L none E Symboly Gesang Scheme Ede zi a DN Diapiay Name DEM Elevation Mot z sa a Dynamic Visibility Disabled as Ra Tiare panty Calor ieee L Geunty Boor i Tana L EFA Aegon Use ampare Taa The name ces played in ihe kegend be State Bound O O urban dines Cw
6. Subcatchment 19 paes 1 48942e 08 Fig 5 18 View of parameters for a specific catchment Physical Data tab 3 Select the Meteorology tab and then click on the Select button within the Meteorological File box Fig 5 19 Choose the sample MET file and click Open This links this file to this catchment Sepie Sys Reactons Soi Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 ology y Land Uses Land poscaten ton Sediment BMP s Fig 5 19 Meteorology tab in subcatchment menu 60 4 Click on the Select button within the Air Chemistry File box Fig 5 19 Choose the sample air file and click Open This links this file to this catchment 5 In the lower left corner check the box for Apply Changes to Selected Note that you could have also skipped selecting all and just checked the box for Apply Changes to All Also check the box Write Output to File if you want to see the flow and chemistry output for all these catchments Fig 5 20 This increases the output file size but allows for better understanding during calibration Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Meteorological File sample MET Select Precipitation Weighting 1 Average Temperature Lapse C 0 Altitude Temperature Lapse Cim 0 005 Air Chemistry File sampe air Select w Apply Changes To Selected
7. 16 Multiply the mean values by 180 7 to obtain the mean aspect per catchment Fig 3 30 Note that some columns have been deleted for clarity ES Microsoft Excel AtanZmean _tab dbt COUNT AREA MEAN 1 861468 65699100 115371000000 66 1027 1 2 249471 192493000 0 14828700000 5 49622 3 79913 B1661300 145460000000 63 3424 4 57792 44592600 1 59376000000 91 3157 5 16881 14568700 100 285 6 52626 40606500 1 43699000000 82 3335 7 38423 29647400 2 745308000000 157 1669 gl 77203 59570200 1 506866000000 66 3253 39 Fig 3 30 Converting mean arctan from radians to degrees 17 You will notice that several values are negative Add 360 degrees only to the negative values to obtain their mean aspect using the IF statement Fig 3 31 which states that if the value in the previous column is negative then add 360 degrees else keep the value B Microsoft Excel Atan mean_tab dbf al File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help mE Sh a S B 2 724 Ad F2 gt IF E2 lt 0 E2 360 E2 A B C VALUE COUNT AREA MEAN 685146 65699100 1 153711000000 66 10271 b6 102711 249471 192493000 0 14626700000 5 49622 351 5038 79913 61661300 1 45460000000 953 3424 276 6576 57792 44592600 1 59376000000 91 3157 265 6845 16661 14568700 1 75030000000 100 265 259 7152 62626 40606500 1 43699000000 62 3355 277 6665 38423 29647400 2 743086000000 157 1669 157 1669 77203 59670200 1
8. End step Units Ke Current 1970 1 1 to 1995 12 31 E B alh 6l Common 1970 1 1 to 1995 12 31 Native X alil gi Fig 7 15 View of newly generated hourly precipitation record 17 For the minimum and maximum daily temperatures if they are available as constituents in the upper right hand box simply add them If not you need to generate the daily min and max temperatures Highlight the ATEMP record and select the Generate Time Series tool For the minimum temperature aggregate based on the min Change the constituent name to TMIN and the units to deg F Fig 7 16 Again check the units later if in doubt Luckily temperature can be easily double checked by looking at the data Do the same for the maximum temperature but aggregate based on the max and name it TMAX New Time Series Change Interval Add Remove Dates Shift Dates Math Table Filter Values Base on existing time series OBSERVED GA000495 ATEM 53 C Basins data met_data ga wdm v Time Step 1 Day fear End s Aggregation Min v New Properties Scenario OBSERVED Location GA000495 Constituent TMIN ID i Description GA AUGUSTA BUSH FIELD Units EE Sevein einmemoy gt Ok Cancel Fig 7 16 Generating a minimum temperature time series based on hourly data 82 18 For the next three records select each one by one and use the Generate Time Series tool aggregating by Aver Same Note that in some cas
9. PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTR_AVG PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTR_MAX PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTR_MIN to_char PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT MONITORING_PERIOD_END_DATE YYYY MM DD PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT PARAM_CODE PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT QTY_AVG PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT QTY_MAX PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT QUANTITY_UNIT_CODE from PCS_PERMIT_FACILITY PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT where PCS_PERMIT_FACILITY usgs_hydro_basin_code like 03060108 and PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT npdes PCS_PERMIT_FACILITY npdes You selected the CSV Output Option Click on the underlined filename 1269457744 CSV to download the file Fig 7 108 Downloading the CSV file 134 10 The CSV file downloaded from the PCS website is similar to those downloaded via BASINS 4 0 except that you will have all the stations in one file Fig 7 109 PCS CUR DMR MEASUREMENT NPDES PCS CUR DMR MEASUREMENT CONCENTRATION UNIT CODE PCS CUR DM GhOO21857 2002 12 31 00300 GAOO21857 6 2003 01 31 00300 GA0021857 2005 10 31 00300 GAOODISST errs 2005 12 31 00300 GAO021857 2003 04 30 00310 GAOO21857 6 2004 05 31 00310 GAOO2Z1857 5 r 2004 06 30 00310 GAO021857 2004 08 31 00310 GA0021857 2005 12 31 00310 GAOO21857 6 2003 07 31 00400 GAOOD1S57 rre 2003 09 30 00400 GA0021857 2005 02 28 00400 GAOO21857 2005 03 31 00400 Fig 7 109 View of CVS file with PCS information 11 Open th
10. User s Guide for Developing a WARMF 6 2 Watershed Model using BASINS 4 0 Prepared by Dr Arturo A Keller For Systech Engineering Inc September 27 2007 Table of Contents EEOC UIGCION iana enc NA A a needa chad eee ne patna nuance teat eaenae 4 t l Brief Gescription OT BASINS 4 0 errre a div bina rakes i0iaed ended elvan 5 1 2 Brief description Of WARMF V 6 2 cccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneuaeeeeeettenas 5 BUNGA BASINS 4 0 Pro CCE rar ls icxatrrcaeediin E 7 2 1 Downloading BASINS 4 0 SoOft ware cccccccec cece cece ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenaes 7 2 2 BASINS 4 0 Project SelUD vivissinsavereiitisine ein T O EE EEE 7 2 3 PROCESSING the dataselSicisrre r a aa a a a 18 Watershed delineation using BASINS 4 0 ccccceee cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeeaennennes 26 3 1 Automatic Watershed Delineation using DEMG and NHD 0085 26 3 2 Automatic Watershed Delineation using NED and NHD seeeeees 33 35 CCN ASPECT nici dijornimasvoiaandne ai a tas Penni aeanGue nar eed ee widens 34 3 4 Converting NED elevations tO meters cc cece cece cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeuaes 44 Reprojecting shapefiles for import to WARMF ccccccccesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneneenes 47 4 1 Reproyection using AFCGIS 9 2 ireann a a pen widen 47 4 2 Projection using BASINS 4 0 cccc cece cece cesses sees ee eeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeeteeaaages 48 Creating the WARMF 6 2 Project
11. WTDEPL Minimum value for the range in depth to the water table ft WTDEPH Maximum value for the range in depth to the water table ft ROCKDEPL Minimum value for depth to bedrock inches ROCKDEPH Maximum value for depth to bedrock inches HYDGRP Hydrologic Group A to D A Low runoff potential The soils have a high infiltration rate even when thoroughly wetted They chiefly consist of deep well drained to excessively drained sands or gravels They have a high rate of water transmission B The soils have a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted They chiefly are moderately deep to deep moderately well drained to well drained soils that have moderately fine to moderately coarse textures They have a moderate rate of water transmission C The soils have a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted They chiefly have a layer that impedes downward movement of water or have moderately fine to fine texture They have a slow rate of water transmission D High runoff potential The soils have a very slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted They chiefly consist of clay soils that have a high swelling potential soils that have a permanent high water table soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface and shallow soils over nearly impervious material They have a very slow rate of water transmission 3 The statsgol dbf file has the following fields of use for WARMF e LAYERNUM Layer number
12. You can also limit your search to specific parameters or other criteria However make sure you don t lose records due to strict criteria Click on Search Database to obtain your results If you don t need to view the results you can click on the Output to CSV File button 132 VMULPUL VPS IYI OSISGLIGY VUUS Operator Definition Search Value i Sort Name S NPDES This column is a standard search option above Ascend Unit Code for i Equal to E Ascend Concentration l Average i Ascend gt w oO M Sa a The date must be entered completely in MON DD YYYY format eg JUN 23 1989 wv l 2 List All Parameter Code s Quantity Unit 7 Equal to sal Code 3 List All Quantity Unit Code s Search Database Output to CSV File Fig 7 105 Columns for output report and options for limiting search 7 The next page presents the Query Results by page Fig 7 106 U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Discharge Permits PCS Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version EF Search EJ EPA Home gt Envirofacts gt PCS gt Query Results Query Results PCS Page No 1 USGS HUC number entered 03060108 Results are based on data extracted on 23 AUG 07
13. af Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Brier_practice WSA 5 Pe Edt View Mode Sonan Docu Module Window He S E plea a xla S pleia 2 Fills System 10 CURLER REE A MM Fig 5 9 View of river network and delineation in WARMF project The model is set up once the catchment and river data are properly imported and linked Save the project file by selecting File Save As Save it in the new Project 54 Directory not the folder with the shapefiles Do NOT use Save For example you can save the Brier Creek project as C Program Files WARMF Brier_practice Brier_practice WSM 7 To re open your WARMF project in case you close the file from the Main screen for WARMF select File gt Open and then from the watershed project directory open the appropriate folder and then select the wsm file that corresponds to your project Note that you can have several wsm files in one file directory as you save different versions of your watershed project 5 3 Verifying the Hydrologic Network Connectivity in WARMF To verify the catchment and river network connections in WARMF which were provided through the shapefiles select View gt Tributary Connections The logic in WARMF requires that only one catchment drains to each river and that each river segment connects to the one immediately downstream from it Fig 5 10 However in some cases the delineation in BASINS has incorrect connectivity particularly for manual delinea
14. e Apply Changes To Selected Apply Changes To All e Write Output To File Fig 7 43 View of selected meteorological file 14 To automatically link the meteorological file select the Engineering Module and then select File gt Import gt Meteorology Stations From the menu select the station s you want to import In the example the GA000495 station with daily data is selected Fig 7 44 If you had manually added the GA000495 MET file to a selection of catchments you will notice that WARMF has added it to all catchments since it was the only file imported When multiple meteorological stations are added WARMF first calculates the center 95 of its extents and then uses its coordinates to assign the nearest meteorological station A to each catchment or reservoir Import Data Files mm x Highlight files to be imported GA000495_hourly MET ENEE leanne Fig 7 44 Importing meteorological files for automatic assignment To translate conditions at the meteorology station to the catchments and reservoirs a precipitation weighting factor and temperature lapse are used The weighting factor is a multiplier applied to the precipitation from the assigned station and the temperature lapse shifts the station s temperature up or down depending on elevation WARMF uses a simple method to automatically calculate the precipitation weighting factor Wp and temperature lapse 7 for each catchment and reservoir WARMF the
15. i Evidentiary Hearing Event A table of evidentiary hearing events for a facility with a NPDES permit Pretreatment Assessment A table of pretreatment assessment reports for a facility with a NPDES Summary permit ji k Compliance Schedules Activities and associated milestones pertaining to the permit Compliance Schedule A table of violations that reflect the non achievement of a given Violation compliance schedule event including the type of violation and type of resolution j Inspection Tables of recorded official visits to a permit facility OO Fig 7 101 Selecting a subject for the PCS query 130 3 From the next page go directly to Step 2 by clicking the button Fig 7 102 4 You can query the facility information separately if needed U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Discharge Permits PCS Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version EF Search Ps EPA Home gt Envirofacts gt PCS gt Customized Query Selection of Columns for Query Engine PCS Currently Selected Subject s Effluent Measurements Violations You may now GO TO Step 2 Retrieve Tables for Selected Subjects OR select an additional subject by clicking on one of the underlined subject names listed below Effluent Limits Allowable IDischaraes Table types that contain inform
16. 11 iad Add Remove Parameter Nitrate mg l N is within water quality objectives when the maximum E 1 day arithmetic mean is below 7 10 0 9 99 ofthe time Fig 8 20 Defining a water quality criterion Run a simulation by clicking on the Simulate button which brings up the Simulation Control screen After the simulation click on the Water Quality button to open up a Spatial view of regions with water quality concerns Fig 8 21 The output indicates those regions which are OK green and those that do not meet the criteria 178 red It is a powerful way to display the current situation and to evaluate progress as different actions are taken E Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files Systech WARMF Brier_practice Ol Dle Sy eda 3 Plea EDM 2 WE he 1 day Si Ee m Water Quality Scenario Brier_practice drinking water supply Fig 8 21 Spatial view of areas with good and poor water quality in Brier Creek The remaining steps of the Consensus module provide tools for management scenario development Cost Benefit and Cost Sharing analysis and Stakeholder ranking and resolution The WARMF User s Guide provides more information on how to use these options 8 5 Hydrologic Autocalibration It is important to first calibrate the hydrologic parameters until a reasonable match between simulated and observed flows is obtained WARMF provides
17. 1154 63 Kilometers Fig 2 7 BASINS data download main menu The BASINS 303d dataset contains information about impaired waterbodies placed on the 303d list although the information is dated The Census data provides population information which may be useful for estimating some of the non point source loads but is not used directly by WARMF WARMF requires topographical information You can use either the Digital Elevation Model DEM data or the National Elevation Dataset NED which are USGS products The DEM data is adequate for larger watersheds with significant changes in elevation If you are working on a small area or a very flat watershed the NED may provide a better delineation The examples below will demonstrate the differences in delineation based on these two datasets The NED data files are about a factor of 10 larger than the DEM files and thus take longer to process and may require more RAM memory than is available in your PC Although you can download more than one dataset at a time some datasets are particularly large and may take well over 24 hr It is recommended that you download them one at a time and view them individually to make sure the project is being built correctly For the delineation you will use the grid version of the DEM dataset denominated DEMG Download the DEMG file first by checking the corresponding box Fig 2 8 and clicking Next After downloading a menu indicates that the software finished d
18. AK ID Step 1 Start by selecting one subject to be the primary focus of your query by clicking on one of the underlined subject names listed below Fig 7 100 View of USEPA s PCS Query Engine 2 Scroll down to Step 1 and select Effluent Measurements Violations Fig 7 101 Step 1 Start by selecting one subject to be the primary focus of your query by clicking on one of the underlined subject names listed below Address and other location information about the facility Single Event Violation A table of violations that are characterized as one time events that occurred on a fixed date and are associated with one permitted facility Facility Information i J Pipe Schedule Outfalls Tables of information about particular discharge points at a permit facility that are governed by effluent limitations and monitoring and submission requirements si k 3 ae E Effluent Limits Allowable Tables containing restrictions imposed on quantities discharge rates Discharges and concentrations of pollutants by the permit Effluent Measurements Violations A table of measurements of effluents reported on the Discharge Monitoring Report DMR The violations are detected by comparing the measurement values against the corresponding effluent limit I Permit Event A table of events that track the life cycle of a permit from issuance to expiration z
19. BSL SSS 1 JENN aay AEE PED ea ee TA 1 NA SRT SRR BG A9196 1 tL Sen ui ES ees L S06 BF SBS os 7 Lit L J i Bee E ASS S ETIES DOSIA og E PEM M TE 16 7 TAES T PS AES NAT IETA aS AS SE ee BUTE ee 1 SITES B92 THS ESA ase te cea ence mem ee ee ee ed ee ee ee ee ee ek ee Fig 3 36 Using Atan2 tool to calculate the arctangent of the mean aspect 24 You can now reopen the attribute table in ArcGis 9 2 to view the aspect Fig 3 37 42 WM Althitides of C2060 70 bine ces C ajegan i i TaT 0 i 2 E BEASTS 1624 146 86 100714 1 Pohan 2 u 1748 A 1 3 w lease 47588 T 2303 EE 2 Petygon J T 10380 4l rl 4 H GEESI Erri H 7448 176 85755 J Pogon 4 z TART a 3 i a myt 17 TT Ma a Polygon 5 w wuss at a n 14ST m l 1I 25471519 F Pogon amp aro Al 5 7 w aaa Toc 16 LAT a PRA Pogon 7 H a7 A J 3 Beara E ii Pire 157 16850 7 Pogon 4 11340 A 7 4 w ATHE 173 4 4356 Ara arava B Polygen a x 12674 A A 10 F ETTEN 15890 5 JAH 60 0034 a Dubya T 18 anar i a n x TTA esse 13 EE 10 Foa ii 18 3003 ij w 13 25 ame 3002 5 369 54201762 11 Pegen 12 14 4625 Ji 11 13 z TORTIE w J 4451 250 20 12 Pagon 13 13 Faral A 13 Ta Ea ETS EHI 1 Te EE 13 Potvgon ia iz Eie a E 13 2 Eeee 756 Fi 67 Res 14 Pokaan E 1 12888 K E E H TON EEN N 52 1353 83708 16 Petygon 16 G a i E i 2 nihii HA 4588 41 36308 1B Pebygan i7 an A 18 18 9 Ea Ba 5 4565 2 E55 17 Polygo
20. Cancel Emaonneris Show Help 2 gt Fig 3 22 Using Times tool to calculate aspect in radians 8 Next use the Spatial Analyst gt Math gt Trigonometric gt Sin tool to calculate the sine Fig 3 23 36 J 10 Li feses _aepects td E amp oy a Oana rozer n Interpolation CMGI dat ai date 020601 OU ned ian_teines asl a Fig 3 23 Using Sin tool to calculate the sin Aspect Use the Spatial Analyst gt Math gt Trigonometric gt Cos tool to calculate the cosine Add to the ArcGis project the Watershed Delineation shapefile which is the file that ends in nedw shp Fig 3 24 Add Data Look in wa ned el l P y ere 4 03060108ned bmp 03060108nedord bmp 03060108nedsrc tif 4 03060108ned tif 03060108nedord tif 03060108nedtlen bmp 74 03060108nedad8 bmp 4 03060108nedp bmp 03060108nedtlen tif 4 03060108nedad8 tif H 03060108nedp tiF 03060108nedw bmp 4 03060108nedfel bmp 24 03060108nedplen bmp EA o3060108nedw tif 4 03060108nedfel tif 4 03060108nedplen tif NS060108nedW shp 44 03060108nedgord bmp 03060108nedsd8 bmp El 03060108nedw_merged lt 24 03060108nedaord tif HA 03060108nedsd8 tif 2 03060108nednet shp 03060108nedsrc bmp gt Mame 030601 08nedw shp Show of type Datasets and Layers lyr v Cancel Fig 3 24 Adding the watershed delineation shapefile To calculate the mean sin and mean cos of the aspect by catchment use the Spatial An
21. Cancel Fig 7 75 Selection STORET or USGS Water Quality data for download The previous instructions for downloading data via BASINS 4 0 Chapter 2 and from the USGS NWIS site Section 7 3 2 can be followed to download data from those sources It is best to download one dataset at a time Legacy Modernized STORET USGS The next section explains the download process for USEPA s 115 STORET system Note that for downloading STORET data using BASINS 4 0 it may be necessary to obtain the station number first following the instructions in section 7 4 2 down to Step 8 7 4 2 Downloading data directly from USEPA s STORET system 1 From the STORET website http www epa gov storet select the link to Download Data Fig 7 76 Obtaining Water Quality Data Useful Internet U S Environmental Protection Agency STORET Reset Agstions Contact Us Pan Vereen Search S9 EPA Home Water gt Wettands Oceans amp Watersheds gt Monitoimg and Asseseng Vima Quality gt STORET Welcome to STORET EPA s largest computerized environmental data system STORET shoet for STOrage and RETrieval is a reapostory for water quality biological and physical Gate and is used by stale environmental agencies EPA and other federal agencies universities private citizens and many others Take a minute to browse around our site or click on the water drop to Links retrieve monitoring data Common Asked Questions Recent Addition
22. Fig 7 36 Calculating an approximate cloud cover value based on visibility 17 Save the file as an Excel worksheet and then follow the instructions in Section 7 1 3 to import the meteorological data into WARMF 7 1 3 Importing the meteorological data into WARMF L 2 3 To create a new meteorological met file in WARMF open your watershed project Select the Module gt Data Then select the Meteorology type of data The sample met file will display Select File gt New to create a new file Fig 7 37 You can use the same name as for the text file since WARMF will save it with an extension MET E Data Module sam Edit Module VMeteorology Air Pressure mbar Wind Speed m s Fig 7 37 Creating a new Meteorology data file in WARMF The new file is displayed in graph form Select the Table button to import the data from the Excel spreadsheet Fig 7 38 92 Data Module File Edit Module Type of data Meteorology Graph File name GA000495 MET gt Table Name Precipitation cr Minimum Temperature C Maximum Temperature E Cloud Cover Dewpoint Temperature C Air Pressure mbar Vind Speed m s Fig 7 38 Graph view of new met file 4 Select the ad Plank Rows to End of File button far upper right to add rows You can always add more data to any time series to update it as new data becomes available For the GAOOO495daily file 4 017 rows are needed
23. Mineral Composition and Inorganic Carbon You can view them by selecting them from the pull down menu Fig 7 118 Number of Soil Layers 5 Hydrology M Initial Concentrations Adsorption Mineral Composition Inorganic Carbon Fig 7 118 Selecting parameter sets for the soils in a catchment Hydrologic data that influences subsurface water storage includes soil layer thickness field capacity and saturated moisture content Water flows in and out of the soil layers is influenced by the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities as well as the actual moisture content in the layer Fig 7 119 140 Layer Thickness Initial Field sat Horizontal Vertical cm Moisture Capacity Moisture Cond cmid Cond cmid sie 15 0 3 0 4 0 5 120000 120000 2 29 0 2 0 3 0 45 1200 1200 3 40 0 22 0 22 0 35 200 200 4 60 0 35 0 2 0 35 90 90 J a0 0 35 0 15 0 35 20 20 Fig 7 119 View of some of the soil parameters associated with hydrologic flow Initial concentrations of groundwater constituents and temperature determine the initial mass of these chemicals in the subsurface Fig 7 120 Although in many cases this has only a short transient effect on the simulation in some cases the Initial conditions can influence simulated results for a long time This is particularly the case for strongly sorbing compounds such as some pesticides and metal ions 1 15 0 1 0 001 20 4 t 2 15 0 1 0 001 20 4 2 4 15 0 1 0 001 20 4 2 4 15 0 1 0 001 2
24. Raster to Polygor Mi 92 A Raster to Polyline O Brier_NLCD amp S Metadata E To cap O BrierLU_merg eS To Coverage E To dBASE O cat amp To Geodatabase amp S To Raster S To Shapefile S Data Interoperability Too Data Management Tools amp S Data Comparison E S Database El S Disconnected Editing Distributed Geodatab il O BrierLU_merg E OF l_savaga O auguga E gt Display lt zi Selection Favorites Index Search F 4 ld jo Djen 4 J e 2 vanos ROP D7 A S ara tf Bee oA Oe Be L7 spatiaanayst Laer georga 1277084 1 1169822 75 Meters a Fig 2 35 Clipped NLCD shapefile In Section 4 these clipped land use shapefiles will be reprojected and finalized for export to WARMF 25 3 Watershed delineation using BASINS 4 0 The BASINS 4 0 software has three delineation options You can use the automatic delineation tools which generally are the fastest way to delineate the watershed You can also delineate it manually if you prefer to define the catchments drawing your own polygons or you can do it step by step using the TauDEM functions see BASINS 4 0 manual for more information on this option 3 1 Automatic Watershed Delineation using DEMG and NHD 1 Open the BASINS 4 0 project file for your watershed For clarity it is best if you have the land use layers unchecked and check the DEM
25. Select All F3 Deselect All Fim Fig 8 17 Selecting all river segments in the watershed The selected river segments turn yellow Fig 8 18 Enter the designated uses below and select the rivers and reservoirs on the map to which each applies jdrinking water supply v Fig 8 18 View of river segments designated for drinking water supply 177 You can add another designated use by selecting the pull down menu and highlighting the empty line Fig 8 19 Each designated use can have its own set of river segments defined For now just click OK to return to the Consensus Module Designated Use Ed Enterthe designated uses below and selectthe rivers and reservoirs on the map to which each applies Fig 8 19 Entering an additional designated use Next select a water quality criterion for drinking water quality by clicking on the Criteria button The menu provides the designated use s that you have defined Click on the Add button to add the first criterion Then select a parameter For this example use nitrate from the pull down menu Then select an options as in Fig 8 20 To interpret this it means that the maximum acceptable level for nitrate must be below 10 mg L as N on a daily basis 99 99 of the time Note that this criteria can be adjusted according to legal or other requirements Click OK to return to the Consensus Module Edit Criteria x Designated Use drinking water supply Criterion
26. Z 12OSBES 65S v1 183800367 Mowe K 1B 1 TS Kilometers Fig 2 10 Editing a layer s properties 13 To download the NED file follow the previous steps Fig 2 8 but check the box next to NED to download it After downloading click Finish to return to the viewer The BASINS software will take a few minutes to process the data and project it in the viewer even for this small watershed Once the software is finished processing the dataset check the box next National Elevation Data to view it Make sure the DEM box is unchecked The quality of the data can easily be seen Figure 2 11 _ BASINS 4 BrierCreek File Ce npute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor DO a b WEEK A Oe i BE iS st sna eta a a Legend o i Y d EM Elevation oe EO DEM Elevati EM National Elev t OM Hyvdroloay Reach File Vv Cataloging U C Accountina W Cataloging UO FC Observed Data St O Water Qualit Water Qualit O WDM Weath L Weather Stat mO USGS Gaae Bacteria a 0O Weather SttO NAWQA Stu O ECI Point Sources amp Permit Comp HE Political Urban Area L County Nam 1 County Boun L EPA Reaion State Bound O A Legend a Preview M X 1266744 816 Y 1154146 118 Meters x 1266 745 Y 1154 146 Kilometers Fig 2 11 Display of National Elevation Model g
27. 0708 14696 64 20839 68 51 84 6 05 518 40 0 86 6 5 546 91 19 GA0038466 04 30 2005 0 0662 18671 04 23328 00 112 32 7 78 1114 56 0 69 6 4 604 80 _20 GA0038466 05 31 2005 0 0414 19863 36 18947 52 155 52 6 05 1874 88 1 04 6 3 552 96 Fig 7 111 Point Source file with flow and load data in metric units 18 1n many cases you also need to determine the approximate latitude and longitude of the point source via the Internet since the PCS database may 136 not have the data One approach for finding the lat long information is to use Google Earth You need to select the Decimal Degrees option in Tools gt 3D View This alSo provides you with a good view of the location Fig 7 112 ae C ey pt a mr se 4 Ni Fe a J Nip 501 Codie nce i Waynesboro GA 83 Y 7 Ea riy WY lt a w f yA J r i z p 3 S h gt r pa ae Ye te 3 Ae aa gt c 9 p3 a t CROO Europa Technologies RNR res z UA Fe Digs AE s Pointer lat 33 088553 EAO S aa a Sa a Fig 7 112 Location of Waynesboro Wastewater treatment plant 7 6 2 Importing Point Source data into WARMF Point source records are assigned a PTS extension in WARMF As indicated above WARMF requires the flow rate in m s the load in kg day and temperature in G In the Data Module create a FLO file by first selecting Point Sources from the Type of Data list and then File gt New from the menu Provide a name and save it
28. 1111 0 8500 13 4444 3 7990 _3 01 02 1985 0 77 62 1 78 1 8 5 62 1 8 5 1 9558 16 7222 256111 0 8500 16 7222 3 7990 _4 01 03 1985 1 63 42 1 64 9 10 53 4 8 2 4 1402 56111 182778 1 0000 11 8889 3 6649 5 01 04 1985 0 1 34 45 10 35 6 12 2 0 2540 1 1111 7 2222 1 0000 2 0000 5 4527 _6 01 05 1985 0 30 50 2 5 25 9 97 0 0000 1 1111 10 0000 0 2500 3 3889 4 3354 _7 01 06 1985 0 26 1 55 0 28 5 3 0 0000 3 2778 12 7778 0 0000 1 9444 1 3408 8 01 07 1985 0 33 1 61 41 1 33 9 10 2 0 0000 0 6111 16 1111 0 1100 1 0556 4 5588 _9 01 08 1985 0 30 57 9 0 2 30 3 Jh 0 0000 1 1111 14 3889 0 0200 0 9444 2 3688 1N N1 NQ 1Q8A n 22 1 1 AR PIA RI N NNANN nannn 19111 r N aann 4 AART 2 TNAR Fig 7 20 Processing the WDM data in Excel to convert to metric units 84 26 Scroll down the dataset to determine the number of records rows you will be importing and note it down Don t close the spreadsheet and it may be best to save it as an Excel spreadsheet 27 f you are using hourly data when you import the data the hours are in the Same column as the dates Fig 7 21 Ei Microsoft Excel GA000495_txt id Fle Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help BF ME M Sy RS OM ara 210 z G16 5 fe A gat a si a Sa as as 1 Constituent PREC ATEM CLOU DEWP WIND 2 1 1 1990 0 00 0 01 61 10 57 9 13 9 3 1 1 1990 1 00 0 03 99 9 10 52 13 9 lt 1 1 1990 2 00 0 34 10 48 9 18 3 5 1 1 1990 3 00 0 51 1 10 43 18 3 6 1 1 1990 4 00 0
29. 31 50083 54 OBSERVED GA000495 WIND 1970 1 1 40567 1995 12 31 OBS i 9 0587 1996 12 31 50449 8 Dates Tools Reset Start End Init i Current 1985 1 1 ees 1995 12 31 222 I Fig 7 17 Selecting daily time series to create a table for a specific range of dates 20 Follow steps 13 to 16 above to format the table and then export it Adding daily to the file name helps later on if you have both hourly and daily files Fig 7 18 W Specify Format of Text File OX Column Format Sac v Files Matching bct Tab delimited C Space delimited C Character delimited 5 C Fixed width space padded V Include Column Titles gabt GA000495 t lt Empty Cell Text Cancel File Name IC Basins data met_data GAD00495dailtet Fig 7 18 Saving the table with daily meteorological data as a text file 83 21 22 23 24 25 You can process additional WDM files if they will be needed for your WARMF project To convert the units to metric for WARMF open Excel From Excel import the text file with the hourly or daily records The example will use the daily data but similar steps can be used for the hourly records Note that the files are txt as you search for them in the met_data folder In the Excel Text Import Wizard select Delimited and then in the next menu the delimiter should be tab You can go directly to Finish Reformat the dates in Excel using the Edit gt F
30. 43 0 18 3 01 01 1990 04 00 0 000 48 9 10 09 41 0 9 2 01 01 1990 05 00 0 000 46 9 10 0 36 0 13 9 01 01 1990 06 00 0 000 45 0 9 0 s E i h 13 9 01 01 1990 07 00 0 000 43 0 3 0 30 9 i r fee 01 01 1990 08 00 0 000 43 0 1 0 30 9 23 9 01 01 1990 09 00 0 000 46 0 0 9 30 0 16 24 01 01 1990 10 00 0 000 48 9 0 0 27 0 13 9 01 01 1990 11 00 0 000 50 0 0 9 26 1 19 7 01 01 1990 12 00 0 000 54 1 24 1 2 Ey Fig 7 10 Table with WDM data needed for WARMF 13 To simplify the header section of the table select Edit gt Select Attributes and transfer the Scenario and Location attributes to the left by highlighting them and selecting Remove Fig 7 11 Time Series Attributes L ox 7 Time Series Attributes LOX Available Attributes Show These Attributes Available Attributes Show These Attributes Add gt Scenario Location Constituent lt Remove j y Add gt Constituent A Add All gt gt Add All gt gt Nval 4 i lt lt Remove All Station Name lt lt Remove All Long Filename h Long Filename v Cancel Reset Default Cancel Reset Default Fig 7 11 Simplifying the table header before and after 14 The correct format for the dates for WARMF is mm dd yyyy If this is not the current format select Edit gt Date Format and then the month day year option with a slash for the date separator Fig 7 12 Date Format year month day v Years yiethbesesegsvesererssosnsssssananeassnanersng month day ye
31. 48 9 10 41 92 7 1 1 1990 5 00 0 46 9 10 36 13 9 8 1 1 1990 6 00 0 45 9 33 1 13 9 9 1 1 1990 7 00 0 43 3 30 9 17 2 10 1 1 1990 8 00 0 43 1 30 9 13 9 Fig 7 21 Initial view of hourly data text file 28 Format the column for the dates as mm dd yyyy as shown in Fig 7 19 29 lIn a separate column enter 0 It is best not to do this next to the column with the dates or Excel will force an autoformat Format it using Format gt Cells and the Custom menu to use hh mm Fig 7 22 Format Cells x Number Alignment Font Border Patterns Protection Category Sample General 00 00 Number Currency Type Accounting ivi Date BS 2 E I Time _ 0_ _ 0 _ _ _ _ua Percentage _ 0 00_ _ 0 00 Fraction _ 0 00_ _ 0 00 _ Scientific 409 dddd mmmm dd yyyy Text mm dd yyyy Special 409 h mmiss AM PM CE himme i Type the number format code using one of the existing codes as a starting point Fig 7 22 Custom formatting of hours as hh mm 30 Select this cell and drag it down to autofill the hours Fig 7 23 Autofill the entire column 85 Microsoft Excel GAGOO495 tet ta Ble Edt yew pst Format Toos Data Window Hep SEESE IE Ue Ee E ri 10 B U H2 a O00 AM FME LATTI EIEE AGEE AENG si kiN 1 Constituent PREC ATEM CLOU DEWP WIND 2 01 0171990 0 01 61 10 57 9 13 9 3
32. 50666000000 66 3255 273 6747 D m n Agan DA ny m amp Whe Fig 3 31 Converting negative angles to positive adding 360 18 To convert the formulas to values Copy the column and Paste As values from the Excel Edit menu Fig 3 32 Paste Special Be Paste C all O validation C Formulas O All except borders Malues Column widths Formats Fotmulas and number formats Comments values and number formats Operation G None O Multiply add C Divide O Subtract Skip blanks Transpose Ce Fig 3 32 Converting formulas to values 19 Using ArcGIS 9 2 add a column to the Watershed Delineation attribute DBF file Go to Data Management Tools gt Fields gt Add Field to add it to the Watershed Delineation file The field name is ASPECT The field type is DOUBLE as in double precision Fig 3 33 40 Fig B Add Field E ArcToolbox 3D Analyst Tools Analysis Tools Input Table Cartography Tools 03060108nedw z Conversion Tools amp Data Interoperability Tools Field Name ay Data Management Tools ASPECT Data Comparison amp Database Field Type amp Disconnected Editing DOUBLE amp Distributed Geodatabase amp Domains Field Precision optional amp Feature Class amp Features amp Fields Field Scale optional Add Field A Pi ci te Field Field Lenath optional alculate End Date Calculate Field
33. A dialog will pop up to ask if you want to remove the subwatershed boundary Fig 5 14 Remove subwatershed boundary 57 Fig 5 14 Selecting subwatershed boundary 5 In this example Brier Creek was divided into 3 subwatersheds Logical locations for subwatershed breakpoints include major gaging or water quality Sampling stations 6 The subwatershed will be named based on the name of the most downstream river or reservoir segment in the subwatershed To view the names select View Labels 7 To return to the original view select View gt Restore Map 8 To modify the name of a river segment click ON the river segment to highlight it in yellow and then double click on it If you selected the entire catchment you need to try again selecting the river segment 9 You can view the parameter values associated with the specific river segment The river name can be directly changed in this menu Fig 5 15 Upper Brier Creek x lt Sediment Initial Conc Adsorption Observed Data CE QUAL W2 Physical Data Stage Width Diversions Point Sources Reactions Name Upper Brier Creek Stream ID 12 Bed Elevations m Length and Depth Length m 8626 17 Upstream 90 17 Use scale to calculate Downstream 77 25 Initial Depth m 1 Impoundments Area m2 0 Volume m 3 0 Kinematic Wave Routing Manning s N 0 04 _ Apply Changes To Selected _ Apply Changes To
34. ADONCAt OM DAta scenete ved wndstinew tad cute weitokeea nee cuca EO 161 Jock Waa SOU CCS grr hoses site rE ew ees e wach cues oan E 162 8 WARMP Simulations is civeuievce aden beatae a a ead ad a ea ene 167 6 4 RUNING a SIMUNA On ee i acuteedni ska veadnniecea wm a 167 B 2 Senan MANAGEMENL cece cece aeea n 169 8 3 Viewing Time Series Output cc cece cece cece ee aTa eA a 170 8 4 Viewing Additional WARMF Output ccccceeeee cece cece eeeseeeeeeeeeeeeees 173 8 5 Hydrologic AUtOCAlIDatiONn cece cc cece cee ee eee e ee A E iaa 179 6 6 Additional RCSOUlCES acere aE ne wiaie Caraannes a a 186 PROT CVC CSS sennae Pedicle naan eines TE acbes Genuine anwar eran A 187 1 Introduction The objective of this User s Guide is to provide a step by step guide for developing a watershed model using USEPA s BASINS 4 0 framework and WARMF model version 6 2 The BASINS 4 0 framework has a simple Geographical Information System GIS browser and many scripts for downloading data from several national datasets including USEPA USGS USDA and other agencies It is an easy to use framework for obtaining most of the information needed to implement a watershed model It also has built in tools for delineating a watershed for use in watershed modeling WARMF is a powerful watershed scale water quality model that can be used to simulate hydrological and water quality throughout a region of interest This User Guide als
35. AM 8 00 AM GAS153 Georgia GA 01 19 1999 01 26 1999 1999 0 0958 Ciatian n nn AA O nN AA Fig 7 50 View of tabular output Click on Download All Data and in the next mini screen select the file format CSV works well comma delimited output although you can also save it as a TXT file Save it to disk It may be placed in the desktop You can download additional time frames and join them in Excel Open Excel and then open the file considering a comma delimited file even if you downloaded the TXT version You will need to add a column for the dates Fill it in considering the weekly time step Use the mm dd yyyy format The start date is the first date of the record WARMF will consider a constant atmospheric concentration for the time period between data points The particulate deposition velocity PARTICULATE VD is not used at a weekly time frame but rather an average value is used for the entire simulation period Use Excel to determine the average value and note it For this station it is 0 1257 cm s 12 Any missing data gaps should be filled in with an estimated value e g previous data point You do need to add data to the first row if it is missing as in the example Fig 7 51 The choice is subjective but it is probably best 100 to use the average value of the first few e g 10 weeks when data began to be collected Double check to make sure there are no missing values EJ Microsoft Excel GDMReport txt dl Ble
36. Click on the Data link for that station 7 In a new tab you are provided with a tool to select the data range and the output format For now select From 1989 12 31 to 2007 07 31 and the Comma delimited output Then click Continue Fig 7 30 Due to a quirk in the data selection you need to select one day before the date you really want L Climate Data Online Surface Climate Data Online Marime Deam a NOAA Satellite and Information Service rA Daan aa Naisena Ere ronmental Gaieilin Daio and iirematinn Serdcs NESOIS yg inai i oon Keyword s City Station Mama Land Based Data NNGC CDO Product Search fal Global Summary of the Day cson Select Date Restrictions Use Date Range Use Selected Dates OR gt F Year Month Day Year MonthDay From 1889 12 31 To 2007 Mr Eiis Tabular Data Output Graphical Guityut Select Output Media FTP Select Output Format Conma Detimited ba Continue F Prius 4 Py pee Le hein Selections Fig 7 30 Selection of stations near Brier Creek 89 8 It takes a few seconds to retrieve the data and provide you with a link to the text file Fig 7 31 You are also provided with data format documentation which is useful to read the first time to obtain the units understand the parameter names and other relevant information If you cannot go back you can always select the data again from the map window Li imate Data Onine S
37. Copy the dates directly from the dry deposition spreadsheet Check the dates note that this dataset starts one week earlier and there are several weeks missing in lines 109 111 there are some quirky issues with the dates in the downloaded file and there are three weeks missing in lines 214 219 and 398 Make sure the dates match and that the data Is shifted accordingly Fig 7 55 3g Microsoft Excel StationGA20 xls 24 Fie Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help AREER FEN MIA Sy S Dy 016 F f i E 2l KL W ah 100 Arial mi10 Zim B A SitelD GA20 GA20 GA20 GA20 GA20 GA20 ma 21 22 23 24 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION PROGRAM NTN Site ID GA20 Date Range 1 1 1999 to 1 1 2007 Report Date 9 5 2007 7 28 46 PM Date On Date Off Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 CI S04 12 29 1998 1 5 1999 0 045 0 062 0 024 0 518 0 09 0 46 0 94 0 69 1 5 1999 1 12 1999 01 05 1999 1 12 1999 1 19 1999 0 139 0 073 0 042 0 563 0 33 1 62 0 99 1 95 01 12 1999 1 19 1999 1 26 1999 0 041 0 011 0 004 0 09 0 05 0 26 0 16 0 39 01 19 1999 1 26 1999 2 2 1999 0 09 0 126 0 066 1 48 0 13 1 15 1 88 1 73 01 26 1999 2 2 1999 2 9 1999 0 094 0 028 0 024 0 207 0 13 0 8 0 4 1 25 02 02 1999 aan a aa a an Fig 7 55 Initial view of NADP text file Remove the 9 flags for missing data Because dry and wet deposition data are combined into one file WARMF requires that the wet and dry deposition records have the sa
38. Delete Field Field Alias optional 3 Transpose Time Fields amp File Geodatabase amp General I Field leNuileble amp Generalization io 5 a amp Indexes amp Joins Field lsRenquired amp Layers and Table Views Projections and Transformations Field Domain optional Raster amp Relationship Classes a ai 3 33 Using Add Field tool to include a field in Watershed Delineation for the mean aspect 20 You can open the attribute table for the Watershed Delineation to see that a new column field has been added Fig 3 34 At the moment all aspects are zero Close the attribute table before the next step E Attiibutes af 090004 Othe cer 1 ni 1 IAM p3 12 fh T g 4 SS 12555 B06 4 SUN e 4 Bas7 Thi HE 3 zmay o ri T 1 SS ari 23 10 BREG a 1 1 61 86000 15 Pei 4 2t kil i ole Fue a 1A af Ei e AP td i i Phi 17 GEFI TE TU LE TAA JIA 7a AMAG La 3 Poor 1E 1 Ee 15 i7 20 Ee e F CE Eu 4 eS 156 D a Pi Pj 10 TS 15 4 Een 157 HA Ernir oO 10 Praeger id 1 aiT i3 15 Er Eii inii THs 4 13 a SANIT i 1i Pager w 1 URS 1 i 1 1 Dt BAA TRG Ts REL u 12 Popor re 1 mi 1 1 a1 1AA Eeee 55 SOF LA 1 Pobygor WwW H ES 1 E 11 mn or Pe lee 171 A aS QO 14 Pager i 1 BEIS 1 ti 13 a8 bss To 55 4 407 4 42043 a 15 Popor i 13 rre I i z 2717600 67a 53 1490 4 BST 1 1 1E Pin if 14 to 12 er iF on Wii 1 eani 2 BARRAI Li 17 Papon a Tara 1 H TW af tA 1a P IIASA
39. E M ERTER ANEREN G ON Fig 7 74 View of gauge stations imported to specific catchments 7 You should double check that WARMF added all your observed stations In some cases the latitude longitude information is not transferred particularly if you download the files manually from USGS In other cases WARMF does not place the station on a stream segment due to slight errors in the watershed delineation You need to do the assignment manually 8 If you run a simulation you can now compare the observed with the simulated values You will need to find a time period when observed and simulated values correspond 114 7 4 Observed Water Quality 7 4 1 Data sources Observed time series of water chemistry data are used to calibrate the water quality simulations The USEPA collects water chemistry data from many sources and makes it available through their STORET database In many watersheds additional water chemistry data is available from local stakeholders The USGS also has some limited water chemistry data through their NWIS portal State agencies have also begun to place online many of their water quality monitoring data which may contain richer datasets than those available at the Federal level The following three source can provide some useful data to begin the calibration process e BASINS 4 0 can serve to import a shapefile with the location of water quality monitoring stations The File gt Download Data menu Fig
40. Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help _ DATEON DATEOFF YEAR PARTICULATE_VD K CONC CA CONC CL CONC MG_CONC NA CONC NH4_CONC NO3_CONC SO2_CONC S04 CONC HNO3_CONC 2 1 5 1999 9 00 1 12 1999 6 00 1999 01 05 1999 l 0 78 0 618 8 5807 2 1256 1 5472 1 12 1999 9 00 1 19 1999 8 00 1999 01 12 1999 0 09652554 0 7139 1 382 5 4537 2 1288 1 1316 1 19 1999 9 00 1 26 1999 8 00 1999 01 19 1999 0 09589277 1 1452 0 1743 2 9428 2 3832 1 5053 1 26 1999 9 00 2 2 1999 6 00 1999 01 26 1999 0 2967 1 2395 0 9883 3 5523 3 7335 1 8555 2 2 1999 9 00 2 9 1999 8 00 1999 02 02 1999 1 1312 0 2857 3 1145 3 1285 1 5147 2 9 1999 9 00 2 16 1999 8 00 1999 02 09 1999 1 1791 0 3749 4 4388 3 3804 1 8543 2 16 1999 9 00 2 23 1999 8 00 1999 02 16 1999 1 4085 0 4067 7 7864 4 1531 2 5885 2 23 1999 9 00 3 2 1999 8 00 1999 02 23 1999 0 13582609 1 286 0 4696 5 8133 3 5441 3 3471 Fig 7 51 Initial view of CASTNET data 13 Save this file with the dry deposition concentrations and the dates in the correct format for import to WARMF 14 Go to the NADP website http nadp sws uiuc edu and select Data Access to view the NTN sites Fig 7 52 NTN Sites Click on a State for a site list Legend Base Map Active Sites ie States A Inactive Sites Watersheds Redraw Not Shown Alaska Hawaii Puerto Rico Virgin Islands American Samoa cr 500 Km Fig 7 52 View of interactive map for NTN NADP sites 15 As you
41. Elevation Model the NHD the Cataloging Units Boundary and the USGS Gage layers You can bring the entire Observed Data Stations group above the Elevation group by dragging it on the Legend window which will let you see the USGS gages It will also be useful to increase the size of the USGS gages symbol to around 8 points by using the corresponding Legend Editor 2 Select the Watershed Delineation in the top menu and choose Automatic Fig 3 1 io x BASINS 4 BrierCreek l Fle Compute Analyse Mode Fdt View Pligins Watershed Deineaton Shapefie Edtor GIS Took Heb De PRA N Mia Automatic Legend 1X Advanced TauDEM Functor JE Hydrology Manual ma HHD 03060108 Ar Fh Fio V4 Air 0 abate ny Und io E Accounting Unit Bo lt _ Cataloaina Unit Bo O IM Observed Data Stations L Water Quality a L Water Quality Obar O WDM Weather Cet LI Weather Station Sit mi USGS G20 a Badena E O Weowher Staten A O O WAWOA Study Are O E Fliwahorn MER DEM Elevation Modli HC National Elevation Si ANM Pont Sources amp Wiihdra D Pemi Compliance 1 Pohea Tl Urban Area Names County Hames a LJ damuni Gaara 0 EPA Regen Bound SS Legend ta rrevie Me K TAAI Y TANALI Maters X 1200454 Y 120202 Kiometars Fig 3 1 Selecting the Automatic Delineation tool in BASINS 4 0 3 Select the DEMG layer Fig 3 2 from the various grid raster or TIFF files 26 Automatic Watershed Delineation Setup a
42. Fig 3 38 File Edit wiew Insert Selection Tools Window Help Deh Bey So ue RA AR ka WE E ACE EAE zj amp Layers Layer Properties O3060108nedw E General Source Selection Display Symbology Fields Definition Query Labels Joins amp Relates ATan2_means EHO O meanCos_as Rastixns Draw quantities using color to show values Import H O meanSin_as Categories Fields Classification ai CL Cos_times_ast Quantities Value ASPECT Natural Breaks Jenks C1 Sin_times_asi Graduated colors C Times_aspecti Gisado Normalization none Classes Bo x Classify CI Aspect_o30601 Proportional symbols T O 03060108ned tif com a Dot density Charts Multiple Attributes 15 746500 15 746501 15 746500 22 282601 23 925301 26 638401 C 33924001 W 148123101 T E 22 282600 23 925300 26 638400 33 924000 48 123100 54 291800 RA FANANN 15 746501 22 282601 23 925301 26 638401 33 924001 48 123101 Aa 291811 22 282600 23 925300 26 638400 33 924000 48 123100 54 291800 RA FANANN Y M Show class ranges using feature values Advanced Cancel Apply Fig 3 38 View of Watershed Delineation attribute file with calculated mean aspect 26 View the product of all this work Fig 3 39 43 File Ede eer imat Selection Tock Wired Heln Cease Gy Slur pmm 7 2 2830 Q
43. Gaqe Bacteria s Weather SttO C NAWQA Stu O SC Point Sources amp _ Permit Comp Y OM Political J Urban Area _ County Nam State Bound O Urban Area O ALI Transportation _ Maior Roads Vv He Soil Land Use C _ Ecoreaions L Land Use In O Managed Ar O 1 State Soil O aC Land Use at W 0C Land Use au W EO Land Use sa ii SM NLCD Land W w wi Legend E Preview M X 1226347 454 Y 1158016 524 Meters X 1226 347 Y 1158 017 Kilometers Fig 2 15 Display of NLCD grid data 18 There are several other datasets that are useful later on in the development of the WARMF project such as Meteorological WDM dataset which now comprises several hundred to several thousand weather stations depending on the dataset the STASTGO dataset that provides useful information about soils the PCS discharge dataset from USEPA which provide location and some dated 1990s information on point sources the Modernized STORET dataset that provides access to some water quality data and three USGS datasets that provide information on USGS flow gauging stations flow measurements and some limited water quality data The USGS Water Quality dataset is usually quite large and can take several hours to complete For now download the USGS Daily Streamflow and Streamflow Measurements datasets These will take several minutes to a few hours For Brier Creek there are 6 gage stations Fig 2
44. Locations Constituents 0 of 1 All None 0 of 10 All None 0 of 16 All None OBSERYED GA000435 GA002479 a Time Series 0 of 160 available time series in list 0 not on WDM file 0 selected x 2 414 l 7 a POA Type File _ DSN Scenatio _ Location _ Constituent Start SJDay End EJDay Dates Tools x amp S Bl Fig 7 6 Clearing the workspace in WDMUtil No Dates are available until Timeseries are Selected 8 Select the location GA000495 and the following average hourly variables ATEM temperature usually in oF CLOU cloud cover usually in tenths DEWP dew point usually in oF PREC precipitation usually in inches and WIND wind speed usually in miles hr Note that the units are not always indicated which is a serious shortcoming of this WDM dataset To select multiple variables hold the CRTL key while selecting Fig 7 7 7 WDMUtil ga File Tools Scenarios Locations Constituents Time Series Help Scenarios Locations Constituents 0 of 1 All None 1 of 10 All None 5 of 16 All None OBSERVED GA000435 GA002479 Time Series 0 of 160 available time series in list 0 not on WDM file 0 selected 2 414 a 7 All None Type File DSN Scenario Location Constituent Stat SJDay End EJDay Dates Tools No Dates are available until Timeseries are Selected aaas Fig 7 7 Selecting locations and constituents for analysis 9 Click on
45. Melting Rates Snow Nitrification 1 day 0 Open Area cm C day 0 08 Sans SF S Forested Area cm C day 0 08 Open Area cm day 0 005 Rain Induced cm cm C 0 004 Forested Area cm day 0 005 Fig 8 25 View of System Coefficients for Snow Ice 181 System Coefficients Xx Minerals Sediment Phytoplankton Periphyton Food Web Parameters Physical Data Land Uses Snow Ice Heat Light Canopy Litter Septic Sys Thermal Convection Factors Soil cm s 0 0003 Atmospheric 3 Turbidity lt Snow cm s 0 Evaporation Coefficients Ice cal em s C 0 005 adjust from 1 Magnitude aa Light Shading Sediment mg m 0 052 Skewness i Algae ug m 0 031 Detritus I mg m 0 174 Fig 8 26 View of System Coefficients for Heat Light 3 To vary these watershed wide System parameter values in the Autocalibration menu you must enter minimum and maximum values and a maximum increment Check the On Off box accordingly Fig 8 27 On Off Minimum Maximum Max Incr Snow Formation Temp 1 Snow Melting Temp Evap Magnitude Evap Skewness Open Area Melt Forest Area Melt Fig 8 27 Selecting ranges for hydrologic autocalibration system coefficients 4 To calibrate the catchment specific parameters select first one or more catchments For multiple catchments hold the Shift key while selecting The selected catchments are added to a Group You can have severa
46. Mi Teb separated data YYYY MM DO Save to fie save compressed files with a gz file extension Fig 7 64 Selecting output options The next page provides with sites with streamflow data 361 for Georgia sorted by Hydrologic Unit Fig 7 65 News Available Now in NWISWeb USGS Surface Water Daily Data for the Nation Grouped by Hydrologic Unit Site Selection Results 361 sites found Parameter codes 00060 Site type Surface Water State Georgia Save fie of selected sites to local disk for future upload Data for individual sites can be obtained by selecting the site number below 03060102 Tugaloo So A GA fTALLULAHRIVERNEARCLAYTON GA sc i s Ss CS GA 2179000 ALLULAH RIVER NEAR SEED GEORGIA 2180500 CREEK AT LAKEMONT GEORGIA fusGs fusos 62151000 181000 TALLALAH RIVER AT MATHIS GEORGIA ISGS 02181500 ALLULAH RIVER AT TALLULAH FALLS GEORGIA 2141540 ALLULAH RIVER AB POWERHOUSE NR TALLULAH FALLS GA 02060103 TA Ageacy Site Number SGS 2188500 usos 2188600 an ae Fig 7 65 View of streamflow data sorted by Hydrologic Unit Scroll down to the Hydrologic Unit for Brier Creek 03060108 to view the 7 Stations with available streamflow data If you click on the link you will see the information available for this site Fig 7 66 You will notice that the Period of Record may end before the time period you plan to study Note that the Begin and End dates were adjusted t
47. Models Edt View Plugins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor i Fal P7 yin 72 RA Qe i i 73 shb sip Legend A x IM Hydroloav si W Reach File v Cataloging U Accounting W Cataloging UO IL Observed Data S O Water Qualit Water Qualit 0 WDM Weath Weather Stat USGS Gaqe Bacteria Weather Stt O NAWQA stu O AC Point Sources amp Permit Comp Y Political Urban Area County Nam C County Boun EPA Region LJ State Bound O Urban Area O 3C Transportation _ Maior Roads i Legend Preview M i l X 1227556 956 Y 1154629 918 Meters X 1227 557 Y 1154 63 Kilometers Fig 2 6 Core data displayed for Brier Creek watershed 8 For WARMF a few additional datasets need to be downloaded From the File menu select Download Data From the next menu check the top box next to BASINS 303d Census Figure 2 7 and then click Next 10 10 J BASINS Project C Basins data 03060108 Browse d Select Data Types to Download BASINS Meteorological WDM STATSGO for BASINS SWAT National Hydrography Dataset NHDinGEO National Land Cover Database NLCD PCS Discharge Modernized STORET USGS Daily Streamflow USGS Streamflow Measurements USGS Water Quality Select All Select None Cancel X 1227 557 Y
48. Then go to the Table view Note that flow and temperature columns are added by default and will be assigned a default value of zero in both cases If a particular dataset does not report a temperature you need to assign it a temperature that is representative of the local temperature so that it does not significantly affect the energy balance This is important if the point source discharge is a significant fraction of the flow in the river segment or the volume of the lake reservoir In the new blank spreadsheet select Edit gt Columns From the pop up menu select the constituents for which you have that data available Fig 7 113 Note that although the list of parameters that can be considered is substantial WARMF does not explicitly consider loads for certain parameters such as Total Suspended Solids TSS mercury Hg and other metals or some other compounds of interest to your project In addition instead of importing a pH load it may be better to estimate the alkalinity at equilibrium with a particular pH and consider the equivalent CaCO load in kg day 137 Type of data Point Sources Graph File name GA0038466 PTS v gt Table Name GA0038466 PTS AOX Highlight parameters to be i amparate i included in this data file Fig 7 113 Selecting the columns for the loads from a point source 3 Add blank rows to the end of the file button on top right and copy the dates mm dd yyyy format and water quality re
49. Type ol Gata Observed Water Quality ngs Add Bank Flows to End ol File a ae i r Fie nami BRCIMIHILIRC Tatio kenan or Deia Pirat eiretie Seea Row Cateins or CrtoDe Lettude 29333 Loagiuda IBEN Hama Briar rnak bifine Airain myi Cata Ammonia H pH Fecal Colitorm SU 100 mil Time Data Source En ovter2o01 00 00 6 0 0 0 008 E STORET GA DEP peu ho 6 4 0029 13 anoa ooo 7 o 0 16 E COL hi 3 0 18 a lowea2001 0 00 T 078 5 okazo ho 6 5 Lt o 079 E lomna g 6 4 0 25 29 jowiw2001 t nd 7 1 02 mM Oea eid Tad 0 0 16 ab jlon2001 00 00 1 0 14 2 D200 i toa T A 0 0 033 24 awizo ooo 7 o 077 10 Crai woa 101 65 pot h5 0 04 fi Sari joeroeno2 bidd 142 1 125 Fig 7 94 View of new Observed Water Quality File 5 To view it in graph form select another station and then return to the one you just created You can also change Type of Data and return but then you need to select File gt Open to open the file again 6 Once you have created your observed water quality files go to the Engineering Module and select File gt Import Water Quality Stations to import the files A dialog will show all the observed hydrology files created for the project Figure 7 95 Based on latitude and longitude coordinates specified in the data file the observed water quality files are assigned to the river segment or reservoir at the station s coordin
50. USGS Gage E L Bactena a OTST FSS TES Y 16S 227 Midira A Am Sao 1 th SO Kimen Fig 3 10 Display of delineated watershed 30 14 The two layers that will be used by WARMF are the Watershed Shapefile and the Stream Reach Shapefile Uncheck the other layers in the Terrain Analysis group to view only these two files Fig 3 11 The Brier Creek watershed has been divided into many catchments each with its own stream or river segment There are two small catchments in the eastern edge that are not connected to the rest of the river network BASINS 4 BrierCreek_DEMG OK Fie Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plugins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor GIS Tools Help DO Se W oe PAIS Eji od oie et Legend aX pes OM Terrain Analysis Outlet Meraed Wat W MW Watershed Shapefil mM Stream Reach Sha Vv C Watershed Grid w H J0 Stream Order Grid Gt E O i E AC Stream Raster Grid H EC Total Upslope Lena Ht EC Lonaest Upslope le H ECO Strahler Network Ore AC D8 Contributing Are lt 5M Hydroloav O NHD 03060108 N 0 Reach File V1 N Cataloaina Unit Co 1 Accounting Unit Bo Cataloging Unit Bo O aM Observed Data Stations Water Quality a Water Quality Obse WDM Weather Dat Weather Station Sit mM USGS Gaae a L Bacteria Weather Station Ar O N MAI d Legend E Preview Map X 1202835 121 Y 1260804 012 Meters X 1202
51. WARMF and then running simulations For demonstration purposes the Brier Creek Watershed in Georgia HUC 03060108 is used as an example The following steps are described Building a BASINS 4 0 Project Creating a Watershed Delineation in BASINS 4 0 Re projecting the Delineation to Decimal Degrees Creating a WARMF 6 2 Project Importing Land Use Data Importing Time Series Data Running WARMF Simulations NOU BWYN In addition appendices are provided which describe how to import multiple HUC watersheds import lakes and reservoirs in a watershed import septic system data and correct watershed delineation problems It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with the BASINS 4 0 documentation and the WARMF User s Guide and WARMF Technical Documentation The BASINS documentation will provide additional detail about importing data and performing watershed delineation The WARMF documentation will provide additional information about calibrating and running a watershed application Some of the processing steps are best done using more advanced GIS tools than are provided in MapWindow BASINS 4 0 The examples use ArcGis 9 2 although the steps can also be done with other GIS software In many cases the time series datasets need to be prepared for WARMF using Microsoft Excel or Access in many cases to convert units detect missing data and format the columns for import into WARMF Step by step examples are provi
52. as N Nitrogen ammonium NH4 as NH4 Hitronren ammonium NH4i ammonia NHS ratin Select Cancel a ls Fig 7 85 Selecting characteristics reported by a station 12 Once you have selected the period of interest activity medium and characteristics click Continue Fig 7 86 Activity Medium Select one or more Activity Medium ACTIVITY MEDIUM select All sediment Soil Air Other Biological Tissue Characteristic Use the Characteristic Search to create a list of up to 50 Characteristics Characteristic Search Search By Zoealeium CHARACTERISTIC NAME Hide Taxonomic Names Search Characteristic Name pH Nitrogen ammonia NH3 as NH3 Nitrogen Nitrite NO2 Nitrate NO3 as N Alkalinity Carbonate as CaCO3 Escherichia coli Calcium Clear Selected Clear All Continue Clear Form Fig 7 86 Selecting options for querying the STORET database 13 The next page provides a summary of the search results Fig 7 87 Scroll down to request the data The software may warn you that the file to be generated will exceed Excel s capacity You may want to go back and reduce the number of parameters 121 Result Search Summary stormod_ Number of Results Returned 112 Search Criteria Station s 21GAEPD 01013001 N A N A Activity Start Dates ALL Medium Water Characteristic s pH Nitrogen ammonia NH3 as NH3 Nitrogen Nit
53. button in the upper left corner Note that the data ends on 12 11 2004 Select Module gt Engineering to return to the original view Select Scenario gt Save to save the changes so far before proceeding to run a simulation Select Scenario gt Run to open up the Simulation Control menu You need to define the beginning and ending date for your simulation the subwatersheds to be considered and the type s of simulation s to be run It is best to avoid running the simulation during a period where there is questionable data e g precipitation in 1999 Thus consider beginning in 01 01 2000 and ending on 12 31 2003 If you have a slow PC you may consider a shorter period Note that WARMF is sensitive to the date format which MUST be mm dd yyyy Select Simulate Hydrology and Water Quality Sediment and Land Application Fig 5 22 This will produce flow and water chemistry output for all catchments and rivers in the model If you did not rename your river segments for the subwatersheds you will see River 1 as the default name for each subwatershed Simulation Control Fq Subwatersheds Beginning Date 01 01 2000 Upper Brier Creek l EO e Ending Date 12 31 2003 S A EEE Time steps per day 1 Simulate Hydrology and v Water Quality vi Sediment _ Hydrology Autocalibration is oa _ Generate Loading Data _ Initial Conditions from Warm Start File Fig 5 22 Simulation control menu _ Point Sou
54. compartments are seamlessly connected for hydrologic and water quality simulations The land surface is characterized by its land uses and cover which may include forested areas agriculture lands or urbanized cities Daily precipitation which includes rain and snow is deposited on the land catchments WARMF performs daily simulations of snow and soil hydrology to calculate surface runoff and groundwater accretion to river segments The water is then routed from one river segment to the next downstream river segment until it reaches the terminus of the watershed The associated point and nonpoint loads are also routed through the system Heat budget and mass balance calculations are performed to calculate the temperature and concentrations of various water quality constituents in each soil layer river segment and lake layer 2 Building a BASINS 4 0 Project 2 1 Downloading BASINS 4 0 software The BASINS 4 0 software can be downloaded from the USEPA s website http www epa gov waterscience ftp basins system BASINS4 It is a large zip file 82 MB and you will need large amounts of disk memory for the software and the data files After downloading the file unzip it into a temporary folder and then run the BASINS4 0 exe file which will install BASINS 4 0 in the C drive You must have full permission to install the software as well as to download the datasets to this drive 2 2 BASINS 4 0 Project Setup In this tutorial the Brier
55. ihi ao OO Mat Seo a 2 r Vo aoe a Seu Goon NINO 16 Oo mo TW 16 SO TO iHU 0 io 1 ooo rasina ie Sn 2 TEP 100000 i Oooo Ooo 0 oo POUL OT J DEP OOo OO TSO 0 OOD uae tF SOSREODOOD f Soro 21153000 2 Durro eer TTE l 7 aang i oO 1 Tse 2 SOOO 2 Danni p 1 Gar irona 1 FEET 1 00000 t Ba 7IN0ONO 0 nonan 02620000 0 ooo 17000000 0 a Ppr Toup 0 DOO0oonooo 72000000 ba ooo ESOG000000N i 414600000000 Soo Diipa Eut En ei 0 oo 0 27 ano Eee 0 aio Ca ai A nino D gri eT 1 bh Ro EPEN EEE mE na E j momomo 1 SEIN 0 ana D 1ean 0 a Dam 0 aa 1 SS 0 a Ce O DOE Dirikan 0 ono er tei O bait tia ity RS 0 Gone Cae a Oooo ADIA Oooo SI i Moo Dono 0 Ao TIS ODDO 0 OU DE 0 Uo OSSD 0 OOOO TOD IC 0 oy 0 O oS P O ee AF a C7 S000 0 ZU S000000 0 0000 Bere OSHS O0O000 0 00OnoOGERST TSES000000 0 0000000RES 1 O0S6 0000000 0 amona DSA aa Tim ao 0 aaa 2 SOOO anae ORTON OOOO Es LES OOD 0000s 10 JPE R000O C 0000000000 TD 1 DO000000000 T C 00000000655 EE 0 oo F 44800500000 0 a 1 2S CGO fi oo M on VG ONO Roo Oooo a gamhan a p iO o Diipa 0 noo 17 6 io 1 Ca COO 0 ae a Ca PS Ge ae BME Gh a aah QO O oe Coo 0 ooo TASTINGS Med 10 0 10 SS Conn ee edi tai he i ooo a nn 4 oe 7 Oooo 0 TiiioooooS Ar oo WD SU 1335 Soo Fig 3 29 Excel view of the mean ArcTanz2 table
56. in grid form via the following website http ks water usgs gov Kansas studies watershed statsgo html The files cover the conterminous US The files are available only in ADF format The National Resources Conservation Service NRCS has soils databases including soil erosivity depth to soil horizons and depth to bedrock This data is not in a format amenable for automatic importation into WARMF It may be useful during model calibrations to set each catchment s erosivity the number of soil layers and the thickness of each soil layer for individual catchments by hand 7 7 2 Obtaining additional soils information using BASINS 4 0 There are three database files associated with the STATSGO state soil data that are downloaded in the core data download statsgo dbf statsgoc and Statsgol dbf dbf If these were not downloaded select File gt Download Data and select the STATSGO for BASINS SWAT dataset Follow the instructions to download these datasets These DBF files are in the project folder The link http www epa gov waterscience basins metadata statsgo htm provides metadata for these DBF files The most relevant items for WARMF are explained in the next steps 1 The statsgo dbf file simply provides the information for the polygons Area Perimeter and MUID 145 2 The statsgoc dbf file has the following fields of use for WARMF e SURFTEX surface texture as classified by the USDA e g S sandy SL sandy loam etc
57. loading chartto see a spreadsheet Brier_practice Fig 8 11 View of Loading analysis screen in WARMF 174 If the error message does not appear a small grey dialog with a header of Loading will appear in front of the map Loading charts can be viewed for various constituents by scrolling through the list in the small dialog that appears Select nitrate for now Select a stream segment to add remove a loading bar You will be asked if you want to add a bar chart at this location Fig 8 12 Click Yes You can always remove a bar chart at a location by clicking on it again IR THOMSON GA Subcatchment 24 Fig 8 12 Selecting a location for a loading bar chart The magenta portion of a loading chart represents the point source loading for a chemical and the green portion of the loading chart represents the nonpoint source loading Since at the moment no point sources have been added that discharge during the time period of interest you will only see a green bar Figure 8 13 Regional Loading Source Contributions k L Nitrate kg d N v Non paint Sources Point Sources Double click on a loading chart to see a spreadsheet 1 Briet_practice Fig 8 13 View of loading chart for a region in the watershed by chemical 175 Double click on a bar chart to view the loading broken down based on land use Figure 8 14 This represents the average daily load contributions by land use and activity
58. of 10 In this example it was adjusted to 1 5 of the vertical conductivity Fig 7 135 In Chapter 8 there is a discussion on how to refine these values using the Automated Hydrology Calibration but it is useful to start the calibration process with values that are closer to the local values Make sure you check the box Apply Changes to Selected before clicking OK to make the change for all the selected catchments Thickness Initial Field sat Horizontal Yertical cm Moisture Capacity Moisture Cond cmid Cond cmid ir 15 0 3 0 4 0 5 76 380 25 0 2 0 3 0 45 76 380 40 0 22 0 22 0 35 76 380 4 60 0 35 0 2 0 35 76 380 5 BO 0 35 0 15 0 35 76 380 Fig 7 135 Editing the hydrologic parameters of the soils in a catchment 10 A similar approach can be used to adjust other soil parameters Remember to save your project after you ve made these changes 149 7 7 3 Obtaining soils information via USDA s NRCS Soils database The USDA s NRCS Soils database provides additional and updated information One limitation is that the data can only be viewed in regions up to 10 000 acres 4 047 hectares or 40 47 x10 m while many watersheds at the 8 digit HUC level are larger than 100 000 acres Therefore at present this database is most useful for refining the data obtained via BASINS 4 0 1 From the http soils usda gov website select Web Soil Survey Fig 7 136 F gt E ONRCS ni http
59. of Interest AOI by rectangle Ea or by polygon oat Note that a 10 000 acres region is quite small relative to the Brier Creek watershed which is around 800 000 acres Fig 7 141 Fig 7 141 Selecting an Area Of Interest within the watershed 7 The software will warn you if the selected AOI is too large Once you have found an appropriate AOI it will be displayed with a satellite image in the background Clicking on the Soil Map tab displays the different soils in the map and the types of soils and their contribution to the AOI in the legend Fig 7 142 152 Area of Interest AQI So Data Explorer Shopping Cart Map Unit Legend Burke County Georgia GA033 Map Unit Map Unit Name Acresin Percentof a Symbol AOI AOI Chipley sand 0 36 7 0 4 to 2 percent slopes percent slopes Dogue sandy loam O to 2 percent slopes Dothan loamy sand 2 to amp percent slopes Faceville loamy sand to 5 percent slopes Facevile sandy loam 5 to 8 percent slopes eroded Faceville sandy loam g to 12 percent slopes acoded Fuquay loamy sand 1 tos percent slopes Totals for Area of Interest AOT Fig 7 142 Spatial view of the soil units within the AOI and their prevalence within this area 8 The Soil Data Explorer provides additional information From this screen select the Soil Properties and Qualities tab Fig 7 143 Area of Interest AOT i Soil Map h Soil Data Explorer j Shopping Cart f View Soil In
60. or Use Extents vi Select Mask 0 Selected Use Existing Intermediate Files Fig 3 3 Selecting the stream shapefile to assist the delineation process 5 The focusing mask defines the area of interest for the watershed delineation software You have several options For the entire watershed use the Cataloging Unit Boundaries cat shp shapefile as the mask For a smaller area you can either zoom the current view to the area of interest and select that option or you can draw a mask using the drawing tools For this example the Cataloging Unit Boundaries layer will be used as the mask Fig 3 4 27 abonati Wiabersheed Deineatksn Sup and Propreca Elvan Leva iei AE Daia EA Layer Motors a DEM Elevabon Modal SEO 1 i8demgi Pc e Burton Easing Stren Poly brie NHD 03060108 2 jir Usma Focusing birai Lise Comani Vaw Exwtents for Mere a ew Grido Shapelie for Maghk Sekkta Mask Grd of Polygon Shapedie or Uae Erani so e DPA Ropon Boundanes Coutty Eonian MAW OA Siudy Aran Und Beundanes kea mi Fig 3 4 Selecting the stream shapefile to assist the delineation process Once you select these three input files the software highlights the selected area Make sure the appropriate boxes and buttons are checked before proceeding Fig 3 5 a E Celie bio a Sone ani Poaceae E kenginan rat S Vew Pupos Watershed Delineation Shapefie Editor GIS Took a Fee EON ie WeEmNG I Bme Elento
61. process the data in Excel first You do not have to enter negative values for diversions from the river or positive values for reservoir releases That will be handled later when the FLO file is assigned to a river segment If there are both diversions and releases from a single location it is best to create two files 1 In the Data Module create a FLO file by first selecting Managed Flow from the Type of Data list and then File gt New from the menu Provide a name and save it Then go to the Table view 2 Add blank rows to the end of the file and copy the dates mm dd yyyy format and flow records one column at a time 3 Enter the latitude and longitude and an appropriate diversion location name then save the file 4 Fig 7 96 provides an example of a sample managed flow file W Data Module Ale Edit Module Type of data File name 042171981 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 22 1981 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 29 1961 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 24 1961 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 25 1961 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 26 1961 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 2 771981 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data 04 26 1981 00 00 1 17458 Sample Data Fig 7 96 View of Managed Flow file in WARMF 5 You need to assign each FLO file to the appropriate river segment or reservoir From the Engineering Module identify the location of the diversion or release on the WARMF map latitude longitude coordinates are displayed in the lower right corner
62. ree 60 0 35 0 2 0 35 90 90 5 80 0 35 0 15 0 35 20 20 _ Apply Changes To Selected _ Apply Changes To All v Write Output To File Fig 8 32 View of default soil hydrology parameter values before hydrologic autocalibration 12 Close the menu and then select Edit gt Save Calibrated Coefficients in the Engineering Module to overwrite the previous parameter values with the values at the end of the autocalibration You will be asked to confirm the overwriting operation Fig 8 33 Save Calibrated Coefficients Do you want to save calibrated model coefficients for this scenario This will replace original coefficients Fig 8 33 Confirming parameter value overwriting 13 Open again the subcatchment menu selecting the Soil Hydrologic properties tab Fig 8 34 You can then see the differences in parameter values Note that the starting values were default with some initial adjustment to reflect local conditions the autocalibration is likely to converge faster 185 Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Number of Soil Layers Hydrology v Scroll for other parameters gt Thickness Initial Horizontal Yertical Moisture Moisture Cond cm d Cond cmd 2499 997 1125 25 005 25 001 44 633 Apply Changes To Selected Apply Chang
63. scroll over the states a bubble indicates the name of the state Choose the site in eastern Georgia The next map provides a close up and more information about the sites Fig 7 53 101 Seleti a stata iH lembary Georgia s Lat Lon Lines i Shew Hide Map Size e ISmall S Large l Redraw Legend Scene ales Inactive Sites Jhr all Select by Winersheds Ti Sila Nari GADI AZo pelhille GAJI Sapelo Island ee teard stator GAGI Chula eS i ae GAZ Fort Frederica National Monument NTN sites in Georgia Lick ani ete eon fer oehini ae alanat 100 Erm j im Gei Fima lir meters a 4 26 1982 p 11 26 2002 3 10 a 1978 20 E l 1 4 waga La araras 9 27 1908 2 Fig 7 53 View of NTN NADP sites in Georgia 16 Select the Bellville site GA20 since it is the closest and has an adequate Start date Then select Weekly data in the next page The daily data is just precipitation at this station Note down the latitude and longitude for the Bellville station 32 1411 81 9714 Select your start and end date best if it is the same as the CASTNET data and select a format Comma delimited works well If you select a different 17 time frame you will have to add data to one of the datasets to use a consistent time frame Fill out the intended use data Fig 7 54 as well as the Survey data in the ne
64. temperature C Data must be converted to appropriate units prior to import It is best to use the average concentration and average flow for the reporting date rather than the minimum or maximum However in some cases these values have to be used to obtain an estimated load 15 The frequency of point source data records can vary and does not need to be specified at equal time intervals The model uses a step function approach in which the discharge values at one time remain the same until the values for the next time become available If a yearly value is provided in the input file the model will discharge the same amount every day for that year If monthly values are provided the model will change the daily discharge month by month Likewise if daily values are provided in the input file the model will change the daily discharge day by day Create a column for flow and each of the water quality parameters and to place the different values in ascending activity date Depending on the size of the dataset different approaches may work better For the current set the columns were created then the data was re sorted by MONITOR_DATE and then the records were moved to the appropriate column 17 The final step was to calculate the flow and loads in metric units Fig 7 111 Load kg d is the product of flow m s and concentration mg L and using a conversion factor of 86 4 for the units You may have to search in the Internet for inf
65. the above steps to create observed hydrology files for the rest of the USGS gaging stations Additional orh files may be created with streamflow data available from other sources as well 5 When orh files have been created for all stations go to the Engineering Module and select File Import Gaging Stations to import the files A new menu Shows all the observed hydrology files created for the project Figure 7 73 Based on latitude and longitude coordinates specified in the data file the gaging station files are assigned to the river segment or reservoir at the station s coordinates If there is no match the station is left unassigned and must be set manually 113 Import Data Files POX Highlight files to be imported 02197550_dyv orh ea dworh 02198000_dy or 02198100_dv or Fig 7 73 Importing streamflow data 6 To view the gaging stations in WARMF select View Gaging Stations and then View gt Labels so that they are both checked he gaging stations are shown as white dots Figure 7 74 Double clicking on a white dot will open the file from within the Data Module Labels may overlap GL Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files SystechiWARMF Brier practice Brier practice WSM a LJ fe che ew Meade Smena Ooo Module Window gt ta amp E core RERE NEAR THOMSON GA ENN tage eB GA ee RIDRCREEK HEAR WAYHESBORG GA CaaS Cle b z A pas a aH gt alelaluleln 2
66. the add button t in the Time Series section to add these records to the workspace It will make it easier to import into WARMF if after loading the records you order them using the up and down arrows 4 as follows PREC 78 ATEMP CLOU DEWP and WIND Select the record and then use the arrows to change the order Fig 7 8 WDMUtil ga File Tools Scenarios Locations Constituents Time Series Help Scenarios Locations r Constituents 0 of 1 All None 1 of 10 All None 5 of16 All None OBSERYED GA000435 GA000451 GA000495 GA002479 Time Series 5 of 160 available time series in list 0 not on WDM file 1 selected H 21414 E al Al Nore Type ae cenario L ocation canes s tart s E E nd EJDay WDM ga OBSERVED GA000495 1970 1 1 1996 12 31 50449 WDM ga OBSERVED GA000495 hese 1970 1 1 ste 1995 12 31 500863 WDM ga 58 OBSERVED GA000495 CLOU 1970 1 1 40568 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga OBSERVED GAO000495 DEWP 1970 1 1 4058 1995 12 35 57 OBSERVED GAOQ00495 Win 1970 1 1 40567 9956 12 31 50083 Dates Tools ean et em i O al e Current 1370 1 1 to 1995 12 31 222 Common 1970 1 1 to 1995 12 31 Native X a mal g Fig 7 8 Ordering the meteorological records in the workspace 10 Note in the lower left corner the current and common beginning and end dates of the records 11 If you plan to use hourly data select all records by clicking the AI button at right
67. the data is not in raster form it is not possible to use the Spatial Statistics Tools to determine the mean or mode value by catchment but this graphical display of the various fields can assist in selecting values for the various catchments in WARMF which must be adjusted manually x amp Layers 03060108nedw Ol statsgo statsgol PERML 0 20 E o 21 2 00 E 2 01 6 00 O BrierLU_merge_Clip O brier_nicd_clip O cat O meanCos_as O meanSin_as O 03060108ned tif Fig 7 133 Joining the STATSGO databases based on MUID 148 9 In WARMF you can select a number of catchments by holding the Shift key as you click to select them Fig 7 134 and holding the Shift key double click on any one of the selected catchments P me Edt View Mode Scenario Doo Module Window Heap amp DIAN S Ma S ele T Fig 7 134 Selecting multiple catchments with similar properties for editing In the Subcatchment menu select the Soil Layers tab From Fig 7 133 one can see that the soils in the mid region of the Brier Creek catchment have permeability that ranges from 0 2 to 6 0 in hr or 13 to 380 cm day which are the units used in WARMF Note that this also corresponds to the high end of the range in the PERMH field You can then adjust the vertical conductivity to a maximum of 380 cm day for these layers The horizontal conductivity is typically lower than the vertical conductivity by up to a factor
68. the file by ascending PolygonID by right clicking on this field and selecting Sort Ascending from the menu Fig 3 35 This will ensure that the mean aspect values calculated from the zonal statistics are matched to the right polygon This sorting does not affect the ordering used in ArcGIS 41 E 03060108nedw Table POLYGON iion ir kal th 1 TOI B l Sort Ascending Ek zy Sort Descending A Copy i i E sl mE Gi mT 0 Column width Hide Columns H n T gt Freeze Columns Unfreeze All Columns Find ra Insert Column Lookup Column Fig 3 35 Sorting the Watershed Delineation database file by PolygonID in MS Access 23 Copy the mean aspect column in Excel and paste it into the Watershed Delineation DBF file in MS Access Fig 3 36 Highlight the ASPECT column before pasting by clicking on the column header Save this file in MS Access and close it BGM di lark Tabl _ Potreowd STREAMLPe STREAMLEN DSNoomo Dewan usiweo USTED AREAM AREA ACRE AREA 1 1 aay r 1 a Ce TEAM J O ee 774 bS in be aa i SNS Se ISES S968 0 RIS ee Ae 3 7 DES eS T9 OHS i7 Surge ice 3i RATERS RIES FOS 2 JHE A 1H OHH J Mr Ma Timman SRN B 17AN HIGH 10 TE E JARDAN Bee Wee Aa 4 Ziege AM SO a o ONA nE Sa Br Sor tre axra 1180 PaL EAN k Er Em 23 oe H FOPSEST1 af mO EA Wree d a a TNA Tio a i 12 BSD BE 4306 Sel BOREL A Gi i ary re ee a ee ee
69. the least number of catchments at a time 7 Select Simulation Control adjust the simulation dates to a period with observed data and then deselect subwatersheds that should not be included in the simulation they will be have a grey background Fig 8 29 Subwatersheds Beginning Date 01 01 1994 ERTS ent Upper Brier Creek Ending Date 12 31 1998 Middle Brier Creek Time steps per day i Lower Brier Creek y Hydrology Autocalibration Number of loops 1000 ae A Fin AN EANET LOL EPE tate te E TE E E TEAR COLE Let the et _ Initial Conditions from Warm Start File oa Fig 8 29 View of Simulation Control screen set up for a hydrology autocalibration _ Point Sources 183 8 10 For this number of parameters at least 1000 runs should be considered Thus the need to keep the number of catchments and subwatersheds to be Simulated small during autocalibration You cannot include Water Quality in the simulation Simulation will usually take hours Once the model finishes the message WARMF simulation completed successfully will appear in the simulation window There is no counter for the autocalibration runs during simulation View the output select Mode gt Output first evaluating the hydrograph Fig 8 30 as well as the statistical analyses Fig 8 31 The cumulative quantity is the best visual measure of goodness of fit Note that just a few storms of very low flow periods affect the ma
70. the process of downloading data for your BASINS 4 0 Project If you have selected the wrong watershed simply click on the correct one If you want to select several watersheds hold the Ctrl key in the keyboard while you use the Select tool to choose your watersheds A BASLE 4 ee DOR n 5 5 a j G y 5 gt d r tp E Political Z 160200645020002 7 7 43050107 ee t States i i 101 w S SER a Counties TA P PN A 3050109 3950106 ba HM Hydroloay i 3 Pa M Cataloaina Units O Build New BASINS 4 Project To Build a New BASINS Project zoom pan to your geographic area of interest select highlight it and then click Build If your area is outside the US then ctick Build with no features selected to create an international project Selected Features 03060108 Brier Georgia Fig 2 4 Selection of the hydrologic Cataloging Unit 5 The next screen will create a folder using the HUC 8 digit code You can use the same 8 digit code for the project or use the watershed name 6 BASINS 4 0 will download the data and project it in the viewer You can select from many standard projections or use a custom projection For this project the Albers Equal Area Conterminous U S projection from the Projections of the United States was used Fig 2 5 For the purposes of importing a BASINS delineation into WARMF it is not important which projection is selected at t
71. understand the information in these other columns Ei Microsoft Excel StationGA722180 txt 2a Fie Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help OF eb FENS ICA es Film mE ot KL E 100 Q3 v ie A B C D E F G H _ 1 YEARMODA DEWP SLP VISIB WDSP MAX MIN PRCP 2 19900101 40 1016 9 12 8 12 2 64 42 1 0 46 3 19900102 25 1031 16 6 2 5 63 26 1 0 03 4 19900103 35 2 1029 1 14 4 1 9 68 26 1 0 Fig 7 34 View of the text file with the meteorological dataset For the MAX and MIN temperatures you need to remove the asterixes Highlight these two columns and then use Find and Replace with 0 for the search and 0 then 1 and 1 and so on Similarly for PRCP you need to eliminate the flags A B C D E G H I You also need to replace the value 99 99 with the correct value if it is available from another station nearby An alternative is to replace it with 0 0 and then take note when you are calibrating that these rain days are in question If you plan to do this for several stations you may want to create a macro or a script to do the replacement Calculate the average wind speed WDSP in MPH and atmospheric pressure SLP in mbar as well as the maximum visibility VISIB in miles at the bottom of the records Replace any flags for WDSP 999 9 with the average wind speed and for SLP 9999 9 with the average wind speed Note that the average will change if there are many flags so you may have to
72. 0 4 2 Ai 15 0 1 0 001 20 4 2 Fig 7 120 View of initial groundwater concentrations in a catchment The equilibrium partitioning coefficients used to calculate adsorption of water constituents to soil particles can have an important effect on the retention or release of these chemicals The adsorption of positive ions cations to the soil matrix is controlled by the Cation Exchange Capacity CEC The default parameter values include a number of cations sorbed onto the soils occupying a certain fraction in of the CEC Fig 7 121 Layer CEC Max PO4 H NH4 Al Ca meglo g magika Yo wa Likg k 1 36 68 400 29 99994 1 0 30 00005 2 12 22 400 29 99991 0 999999 0 30 00008 j 9 41 400 26 0000 0 999999 0 50 4 2 16 400 26 0000 1 0 50 i 1 400 20 9999 1 0 90 0001 Fig 7 121 View of CEC and ions associated with the CEC For other water constituents or pollutants e g phosphate pesticides an adsorption coefficient L kg must be provided Fig 7 122 1 80 100 0 0 0 0 2 80 100 0 0 0 0 3 80 100 0 0 0 0 4 80 100 0 0 0 0 5 RN inn n n n n 141 Fig 7 122 Adsorption coefficients for phosphate DOC and other chemicals The mineral composition considers four major minerals hornblende chlorite mica and feldspar Fig 7 123 Hornblende is a mixture of Ca Fe Mg silicate Al Fe Mg silicate and Fe Mg silicate It is a common constituent of many igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite syenite diorite gabbro basalt andesite g
73. 0 project They will not be overwritten by the NED delineation but if you intend to run a more refined delineation using the DEMG and you intend to save the first delineation you need to save them in a different folder First close the BASINS 4 0 project then create a new folder e g demg delineation and move all the files into the new folder EXCEPT the demg tif demg bmp demg bpw demg mwleg demg bgd and demg prj files Fig 3 14 where 8 digit HUC code BY C Basins data 03060108 demg File Edit View Favorites Tools Help G pak EB P search E Folders ia Address C Basins data 03060108 demg Folders x Name lt Local Disk C a Qdemg delineation Basins E 03060108demg tif 03060108demg bmp a A bin 03060108demg bpw 3 cache 03060108demg mwieg a data 03060108demg prj a 03060108 03060108demg bgd dem Am demo demg delineation landuse ned a E nhd D nied pcs uscsfiow usGSmeasure G waqobs Fig 3 14 Location of delineation files using the DEMG grid 32 3 2 Automatic Watershed Delineation using NED and NHD 1 Open the original BASINS 4 0 project Check the NHD Cataloging Unit Boundary and National Elevation layers 2 Follow steps 2 14 from Section 3 0 substituting the NED dataset for the DEMG when you select the Base Elevation Data Figure 3 15 omatic Watershed Delineation x Setup and Preprocessing Elevation Units Base Eleva
74. 0000 143889 6 2125 3 01 01 1990 0 03 55 9 10 52 13 9 01 00 0 0762 13 2778 1 0000 11 1111 6 2125 4 01 01 1990 0 54 10 48 9 18 3 02 00 0 0000 12 2222 1 0000 9 3889 8 1791 5 01 01 1990 0 51 1 10 43 18 3 03 00 0 0000 10 6111 1 0000 6 1111 8 1791 6 01 01 1990 0 48 9 10 41 9 2 04 00 0 0000 9 3889 1 0000 5 0000 4 1119 7 01 01 1990 0 46 9 10 36 13 9 05 00 0 0000 8 2778 1 0000 2 2222 6 2125 8 01 01 1990 0 45 9 33 1 13 9 06 00 0 0000 7 2222 09000 0 6111 6 2125 9 01 01 1990 0 43 3 30 9 17 2 07 00 0 0000 6 1111 03000 06111 7 6874 Fig 7 24 View of hourly data text file with metric units 32 Save the daily or hourly file as an Excel worksheet and then follow the instructions in Section 7 1 3 to import the meteorological data into WARMF 7 1 2 NOAA s NCDC Meteorological data from major airports The main entry to NOAA s NCDC meteorological database is through the GIS Portal http gis ncdc noaa gov Fig 7 25 The Surface Data Global Summary of the Day provides free access to the meteorological data needed for WARMF although the number of stations that provide this dataset is limited The Surface Data Daily US contains more stations but usually has a cost Detailed precipitation data on a 15 min or 1 hr frequency can also be downloaded at a cost If the request is from 86 certain domains e g academic federal government the cost may be waived Note that these datasets have not been cleaned in terms of gaps mi
75. 00003 01 00060 00003 cd 3 153 163 143 143 5 z SGS 02197600 1995 01 01 30 A SGS 02197600 1995 01 02 29 SGS 02197600 1995 01 03 28 A SGS 02197600 1995 01 04 27 A SGS 02197600 1995 01 05 26 B SGS 02197600 1995 01 06 34 A USGS 02197600 1995 01 07 822 A USGS 02197600 1995 01 08 232 A USGS 02197600 1995 01 09 104 Z USGS 02197600 1995 01 10 74 A USGS 021397600 1995 01 11 62 Z Fig 7 68 Selecting time period for tabular output 10 Simply select File gt Save Page As Ctrl S and then select a more useful name It is useful to keep the dv daily values qualifier to remind you this is a USGS file Fig 7 69 File name GA02197600dv bet Text Document Save as type Fig 7 69 Saving tabular output 7 3 3 Importing USGS DV files into WARMF WARMEF provides a tool to easily import USGS stream flow data For this example we used the BASINS 4 0 data download tool to download the stream flow data for all the USGS gauging stations within the Brier Creek watershed i e 02197550 02197600 02197830 02198000 and 02198100 Note that the file format is exactly the same as if you download the files directly from the USGS NIWS site 1 Copy the stream flow files from the BASINS directory to your WARMF project directory Then from the WARMF Data module select Observed Hydrology from Type of Data list and select File Import from the menu 2 e g 0
76. 00107 49 8 24 48 4 24 1019 2 24 1013 7 24 5 6 24 3 3 24 10 1 999 9 64 0 722180 03820 19900108 50 3 24 46 5 24 1011 7 24 1006 3 24 4 7 24 14 24 16 0 22 0 57 0 722180 03820 19900109 48 8 24 40 0 24 1017 8 24 1012 4 24 10 5 24 6 4 24 12 0 999 9 61 0 722180 03820 19900110 52 6 24 37 2 24 1016 9 24 1011 5 24 14 0 24 9 3 24 14 0 999 9 66 0 722180 03820 19900111 51 0 24 31 1 24 1015 7 24 1010 3 24 15 9 24 7 0 24 20 0 999 9 73 9 722180 03820 19900112 55 3 24 24 3 24 1010 4 24 1005 1 24 16 8 24 12 8 24 22 9 33 0 75 0 Fig 7 32 View of the text file with the meteorological dataset 10 Open Excel and from Excel open the text file using the txt file format Use the Delimited option and then Comma as a delimiter Fig 7 33 Then click Finish Text Import Wizard Step 2 of 3 1X This screen lets you set the delimiters your data contains You can see how your text is affected in the preview below Delimiters Oe Wee C Treat consecutive delimiters as one Tab Semicolon V Comma l g Ll Space L Other Text qualifier i x Data preview Fig 7 33 Importing comma delimited text file into Excel 90 11 The columns of interest for WARMF are YEARMODA DEWP SLP VISIB WDSP 12 13 14 MAX MIN and PRCP For clarity the other columns have been deleted from this example although you don t need to do so Fig 7 34 You can review the data format documentation to
77. 01 01 1990 0 03 559 10 52 13 9 4 01 01 1990 0 54 10 48 9 18 3 5 01 01 1990 0 51 1 10 43 18 3 A 01 01 1990 0 489 10 41 g3 7 0101 1990 46 9 10 36 13 9 B 01011990 0 45 9 33 1 13 9 B 0101 1990 i 43 3 30 9 17 0101 1990 0 43 1 30 9 13 9 11 0101 1990 0 46 0 30 16 1 01 01 1990 0 489 0 27 13 9 Y 01 01 1990 i 50 0 261 19 7 01 01 1990 0 51 1 0 24 1 17 2 01 01 1990 g 52 2 25 13 9 5 01 01 1990 i 59 1 219 15 7 01 01 1990 511 3 21 9 15 18 01 01 1990 0 48 9 3 23 11 6 49 01 01 1990 i 444 3 23 a 20 01 01 1990 0 37 9 2 28 9 58 27 01 01 1990 0 36 Q 28 47 29 01 01 1990 i 37 0 2A 0 23 01 01 1990 0 30 9 0 27 0 24 01 01 1990 0 30 9 0 27 0 01 01 1990 i 32 0 2 0 6B 01021990 0 30 0 27 3 4 27 1 02 1990 0 28 3 26 1 o i 0 T 2A 01 02 1990 26 25 A Fig 7 23 Auto filling the hours column 31 Use the formulas presented in step 27 to convert to metric units Fig 7 24 Note that since there is only one air temperature ATEMP this will be used for both the min and max temperature in WARMF The error introduced is negligible EJ Microsoft Excel GA000495 xls 4 l ial File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help Type a question for hel T O 4 I DG id A gt 9 gt OR E THS gt 68 58 HE SIE Ev Caw J2 fe 5 9 C2 32 Ke Net a a Eee it ORE G H K L M 1 Constituent PREC ATEM CLOU DEWP WIND PREC TMIN __DCLO DEWP DWIN 01 01 1990 0 01 61 10 57 9 13 9 00 00 0 0254 1611111 1
78. 07 Caicium Hon delect HO iZi Calcium Bitt mg A TAS 002 Calcium Hon deteci 37 DATSO Escherichia coli 101G MPH 33 0A172002 Escherichia coli 7 5 MPH 4 OOOO Escherichia coli 142 1 MPH Fig 7 91 View of sorted results and non detects 25 The next step is to create columns for the water quality parameters and to place the different values in ascending activity date Depending on the size of the dataset different approaches may work better For the current set the columns were created then the data was re sorted by activity date and then the records were moved to the appropriate column Fig 7 92 5 D E F G 1 Satoni Sabon Name Saton Lattude Safar Longida 2 1013001 Boer Crnek ME 39555 1 6514 a 4 Acinaty Stan Agsabnity Carbor Gaicium Ammonia Nitrile Marae pH Escharichaa coli 5 mal frei mal mg MPH T mi2 13 0 038 6 8 E 10200 13 0 028 6 3 9 0200 15 0 16 T 4089001 30 Oo O18 ha 0624 7001 25 0 28 7 D6 9 O pora 6 5 griiTiz0ti 29 035 EEE ANLAN 24 D21 ri a 82001 et 0 0 16 ra 3 WO ROH ea D14 ie VOSS 24 0 D033 t miingi 10 o O72 T a gairge igi es oniro anir i o 0 042 65 547 5 2 22020 142 1 Dea 2 17 i 0 05 f a4 Fig 7 92 Records prepared for import into WARMF 26 1n some cases a transformation of reported units to the units used in WARMF is necessary For example if nitrate is reported as NO3 Molecular Weight 62 g mol but WARMF uses it as N MW 14 g mol then divide by 4
79. 1 5 1012 4 1119 BASINS 01 01 1990 05 00 0 8 2778 8 2778 1 2 2222 1012 6 2125 BASINS 01 01 1990 06 00 0 7 2222 7 2222 0 9 0 6111 1012 6 2125 BASINS 01 01 1990 07 00 0 6 1111 6 1111 0 3 0 6111 1012 7 6874 BASINS Y 0 0170171 el 0g 00 an 6 1111 6 1111 0 1 SAE wee pen ss Fig 7 41 View of WARMF met file with hourly values for Augusta GA airport 9 Save the file by selecting File gt Save Even if you select another meteorology file for viewing or close this module WARMF will ask whether you want to save the new file If you have entered erroneous data you can start over by closing without saving and then when selecting File gt New step 35 selecting the existing file and overwriting it 10 It is important to review the input using the graph view However for WARMF to update the info select another met file e g sample met and then return to the file you just created Note again there is a gap in the precipitation data collected by WDM from around 06 1988 to 06 1989 The air pressure is a Straight line at this point In some cases values which are clearly outliers can be spotted graphically leading to a search for the correct value e g using information from a nearby station or removing that time period from Simulation 11 There are two methods for linking meteorological stations to the catchments which is particularly useful when several stations are involved You can do it manually or automatically It is highly reco
80. 129 U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Discharge Permits PCS Reeent Adihtions Contact Us Pont Veron EF Search s EPA Home gt Envirofacts gt PCS gt Customized Query Engine Customized Query Engine Customized Query Model pcs Ths query engine allows you select any data element in PCS to build a tabular report or a Comma Separated Value CSV file for downloading Law Data Source There are four steps to using this query engine Office of Ground Select one or more of the subjects listed below one at a time Water Select your tables of interest from the subjects selected hi Drinking Select columns data elaments or hekis from the selected lables vrater Enter your search centena to target specific records from the database Contact Us The Customized Query Engine User s Guide will provide you with detailed information on how to use the ot Orne Query Engine WARNING Many PCS tables contain over 1 milhon rows Output results greater than 500K 500 thousand bytes may cause your browser lo fail Please limit your query through specific selection centena Nole Microsoft s Internet Explorer browser handles large greater than 500K output results better than Nelscape s Navigator browser As of June 6th 2006 pending migration to a new system the data for the Permit Compliance System PCS will remain frozen in Envirofacts for the following states MA NH RI VI PR DC MD IN NM UT HI
81. 16 16 BASINS Web Data Download File Help Specify details about data to download bold items are required Discharge Site Number 02197520 and5 more Add to WDM file S Measurement Site Number 02197520 and 6 more Next gt Fig 2 16 Download of USGS flow gage station data 19 After downloading the information the viewer will display the location of the six stations Fig 2 17 In addition in the project folder you now have a folder with the actual daily values for each station C Basins data 03060108 USGSflow These are text files with the station number followed by dv to indicate they are daily values The data collected is from the first day it was collected which may be in the 1910s in some cases to the last date available from the USGS gage station Sometimes that is today but in some cases it is a few years ago Many USGS gage stations were discontinued in the 1990s The data may still be of use to have a baseline for comparison You will notice there was an error downloading data for USGS station 02197520 which is logged in a text file BASINS 4 BrierCreek File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor DS BSF i 2 amp aX i Legend AX FM Hydroloay a NHD 030601 v WW Reach File v Cataloging U m0 Accounting W Cataloging UO AC Elevation AO DEM Elevati H HiC National Elev HM Observed Data S Water Qualit
82. 2 62 18 35 1 45 0 42 4 00 0 10 0 14 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 5 24 24 BIW do Fig 7 149 View of the soil physical properties report for the AOI 13 This information can be used to update the soil properties in one or more catchments in WARMF using steps 10 11 in Section 7 9 2 Depth information can be used to update individual soil layers However since the method of averaging the data can have a significant influence on the result these values Should be used as a guideline to take into account during the calibration phase of the project 156 7 7 4 Obtaining soils information from the USGS The USGS provides the STATSGO database for the conterminous US on a grid base from http ks water usgs gov Kansas studies watershed statsgo html 1 The website explains the method used to process the STATSGO database to generate the maps Fig 7 150 ws USGS Home Ay se Contact USGS Search USGS science for a changing world U S Geological Survey Kansas Water Scence Center Home Water Data ue es Toy Research Lab Publications Education AboutUs Search STATSGO Soil Characteristics for the Conterminous US Soil characteristics for the conterminous United States were derived from the USDA s STATSGO database see reference 35 The soil characteristics include available water capacity permeability bulk density percent organic matter slope depth to bedrock soil erodibility factor soil loss tolerance factor and wind erosion grou
83. 2197550 dv txt In the pop up window Fig 7 70 select a text file to import and click open 111 3 MM Data Module File Edit Module Type of data Observed Hydrology Graph File name v gt Table Name eS eS Look in Brier_practice ff c ER pEr Pd d d d d j j j j WD D D O oo Go wj J md Form am Wi 2 2 W o Ww Oo D O Oo ooo amp amp T T oe ege e e eb et et Files of type USGS Daily Values TXT Cancel Fig 7 67 Selecting USGS DV file for import into WARMF In the next pop up window save the file as observed hydrology file e g 02197550 dv orh WARMF will automatically import the station location description into Name the latitude and longitude and the data source The resulting observed hydrology file is shown in graph view Figure 7 71 and table view Figure 7 72 112 W Data Module File Edit Module Help Type of data Observed Hydrology w 5 File name 021 97550_dvorh ha geal Insert or Delete Rows select Rows Ctrl lns or Ctrl Del Mame LITTLE BRIER CREEK NEAR THOMSON GA Latitude 33 3401 Longitude 02 4579 cms 05 20 1967 00 00 0 164245 USGS 02197550 029 1967 00 00 0 141591 USGS 02197550 03 30 1967 00 00 0 133095 USGS 02197550 03 31 1967 00 00 0 1246 USGS 02197550 06 01 1967 0 461409 USGS 02197550 Add Blank Rows to End of File Fig 7 72 Tabular view of imported streamflow data 4 Repeat
84. 3060108 landuse BrierLU_merge shp B Field Map optional amp AREA Double PERIMETER Double LUCODE Short LEVEL2 Text x 4 Fig 2 22 GIRAS land use fields needed for WARMF 7 Click OK to proceed The new merged layer will be shown To clip the land use you need to add the Cataloging Unit shapefile cat shp which is one level up from the land use folder Fig 2 23 BrierCreek mxd ArcMap Arcinfo File Edit view Insert Selection Tools Window Help Dwel amp 41 E PARAE it 1 2 893 476 8 CIR ga R QQ paced se E cnty shp ae J wgobs be_p7074 dbf _auguga E acc shp bc_p7579 dbf EJ cntypt shp E E bac_stat shp be_p8084 dbF El ecoreg shp _athega be_d7074 dbf be_p8589 dbf El epa_reg shp E E bc_d7579 dbf E bc_p9094 dbf E fhards shp a lt ey Name USGSmeasure bc_d8084 dbf bc_d8589 dbf be_d9094 dbf be_d9597 dbf be_p9597 dbf bc_parm dbf rca sho EJ catpt shp cat shp Show of type Datasets and Layers lyr v gage shp lulcndx shp E mad shp El met_stat shp gt Cancel Fig 2 23 Adding the Cataloging Unit shapefile to ArcGis project 8 Open the Clip tool in the Analysis Tools ArcToolbox to clip the merged land use shapefile Fig 2 24 20 BB ArcToolbox 3D Analyst Tools amp Analysis Tools amp S Extract F Split Table Select iE amp S Overlay i amp Proximity Fa amp S Statistics Bp Cartography Tools Ex am
85. 4286 124 7 4 2 Importing Observed Water Quality data into WARMF To import water quality time series data into WARMF use the following steps 1 In the Data Module create an observed water quality file by first selecting Observed Water Quality from the Type of Data list and then File gt New from the menu Provide a name and Save it Then go to the Table view 2 In the new blank spreadsheet select Edit gt Columns From the pop up menu select the constituents for which you have that data available Fig 7 93 Note that nitrite nitrate is not an option since WARMF simulates them separately Some manual comparison will be needed later on M Data Module Type of data Observed Water Quality lt Graph Table File name BRC1013001 0RC Name BRC1013001 0RC mimg Highlight parameters to be included in this data file Ammonia Inorg Carbon Silica Pesticide 1 Pesticide 2 Pesticide 3 Fecal Coliform Fig 7 93 Selecting the columns for the parameters in observed water quality 3 Add blank rows to the end of the file button on top right and copy the dates mm dd yyyy format and water quality records one column at a time Note that you can always add more blank rows than needed WARMF will delete them after you save the file 4 Enter the latitude and longitude and an appropriate station name then save the file Fig 7 94 Data Module Fe Edt Modu Help
86. 56 3 14M 6 147 tag 4 1S TOSSES O BRS A 21 PRIE SAO PAE os 131255 4 1 1 6 135585 5 10 3114406 OSIRIA ORES SRI 1 Bere IDI Ae 15A 0dr Ecer sate 145170 2 1S Se BST Tease CSU TOSA eee 11 Ue LEFF Be LETE oR 1462047 16 B1SS62o OSS Bee Se 0 ed inzan 7 162571 8 157525 8 1S de OBES ETS MOET SSeS 9 bee 152487 7 155363 iiig SSRs ASIMI 5410 1053 Ednan BPR Tagiga 150350 IST les SAA OBR ISS T MOGA Sab 6 Bae See ISIE 4 TEES J 143515 2 BME 0 SESE SE SIRs SBR 31675 APB ao ASL ipar Fara 3 165A amp IS G61 22R OBST GS eS SRST era BOM OSS 9276516915 ele S 3 1651585 1636 3 198027 D5257 BS TRESS TD BeIeTaTeS 5418 00543 gipsi Fig 3 40 Selecting columns with elevation data in MS Access 3 Select Edit gt Copy and then paste them into a blank Excel spreadsheet 4 In Excel divide the contents of the two columns by 100 to convert to meters Fig 3 41 E Microsoft Excel Book Hal Ble Edt View Insert Format Tools De EE ee amp A Fig 3 41 Conversion of low and high elevation from centimeters to meters 5 In Excel Copy and Paste Special to convert the formulas to values 6 Copy each column separately without the row header and paste it into the corresponding column in the MS Access DBF file Fig 3 42 45 Microsoft Access 03060108nednet Table 1 San ea _ DOUT END gt 0 20743 68 29897 4 29897 4 450074 45007 4 20743 6 52464 2 62464 2 RIATE F
87. 7 Nitrate NO3 and Chloride CF Click OK and WARMF will add column headers GAS153_GA20 AIR Miska Highlight parameters to be included in this cata file Inorg Carbon Silica Pesticide 1 Fig 7 57 Menu for selecting parameters for air quality file Add rows to the file using the Add Blank Rows to End of File button For this example 416 rows are needed Select the Air button copy and paste the dry deposition data from the CASTNET spreadsheet into WARMF column by column Start with the dates must be in the format of mm dd yyyy making sure you have added enough rows Provide a name and location latitude longitude for the station Note that you will be adding data from CASTNET and NADP stations in one file so you will have to subjectively decide which location to assign Save the file before entering the rain concentrations Select the Rain button copy and paste the wet deposition data from the NADP spreadsheet 104 9 If you don t have data for a column e g SOx in rain you have to fill it with zeros otherwise WARMF will give you an error message when you run a Simulation 10 Save the file switch to the sample air file and then return to the one you just created to view the data graphically Note any unusual results and if in doubt double check the input 11 To test the new file assign it to a catchment and then run a simulation for the time frame of interest adding water quality Note that th
88. 7 75 provides access to the Legacy STORET and Modernized STORET databases You can also download a shapefile with the USGS Water Quality monitoring stations and the datasets that correspond to these stations Note that usually there may be many stations with large datasets so download can take several hours Unfortunately many of the datasets are dated but there is no option for screening them before they are downloaded e STORET data can also be obtained directly from USEPA from their website e Directly from USGS from http waterdata usgs gov nwis sw following the steps outlined in Section 7 3 2 for selecting sites Choose the water quality parameters as shown in Fig 7 62 If you select too many water quality parameters at once the number of stations in your watershed will decrease rapidly Therefore it is best to select only a few or even just one parameter at a time to make certain the algorithms used for the search don t discard stations that may have useful data As with the stream flow data many USGS water quality monitoring stations have been discontinued BASINS Web Data Download Fie Hep BASINS Project Gacns dete 1060100 Browse Select Dain Types to Downlond Y BASINS 303d Census DEM DEMG NEO NHD GIRAS tanduse Legacy STORET BASINS Meteorological WOM STATSGO tor BASINS SWAT National Hydrography Deteset NHDinGE O National Land Cover Database NLCD PCS Discharge Select All Select None na gt
89. 835 Y 1260 804 Kilometers Fig 3 11 Watershed delineation and Stream Reach shapefiles used in WARMF 15 To view the information associated with each one of these files right click on the layer name Fig 3 12 and select View Attribute Table BASINS 4 BrierCreek_DEMG File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor GIS Tools Help DERSE W eR Gi Oi ob on ble Legend 4 E Terrain Analysis C Outlet Meraed Wat W hers rors Add Group E Watersh Add Layer AL Stream Remove Layer oe Stream A Clear Layers HL Total Ug m to r LAD tondest Zoom t Laye AC Strahler AE D8 Con View Attribute Table TM Hydroloay Expand Groups NHD 039 C Raich FI Expand All reai Colapse Groups Account Collapse All mkt Properties SM Observed barrsrarors Water Quality Water Quality Obse WDM Weather Dat Weather Station Sit USGS Gaqe Bacteria a Weather Station Ar O T MAW me a Legend Preview Map X 1204746428 Y 1226673 531 Meters X 1204 746 Y 1226 674 Kilometers Fig 3 12 Opening the Attribute Table for the watershed delineation 31 16 The attribute table of the Watershed Shapefile includes the catchment number Polygon ID the stream river segment in the catchment StreamLink and other useful information for WARMF Fig 3 13 You can view the attribute table of the Stream Shapef
90. A DN GESi DEI Se BOS SS Se Sees nT ESERE DEEE F m2 BS 1 OOS ee BR SAE 1137251 Bere SUF as 8 SHI w614 S25 Se 1 065m5 EMIS Be 4G arpi See Se TATE Sasad 2 29912 FW Boo Oe RS GAISOA OS SB el re ey EML SRY Ib 15 Soe Oe 31113177 S70 Bo Aara eT SOE OB ecu 62ers Broan 65452 amp TBO Sa OSE SRB GODT SS IS OPSOR ISR SA7 b2gS089 G 4baoo2 B85 TANG 6 Bie E 12 ESS OOS SS ee Be es Sa Se Sele fae Milas PSO 11 OS Eee ee TET Tagar 9 Taag 3 4 l BASS yaen RATES A PRBS TAa TS Sd 1S reagy 8 Ferro EHI JE an g pisam Danaa SST Tes GEESI BA BIR Br Sera faa d Pee ee Pear 2 ae 11 SRM OSS SSB A Se Ser SUPE Pet 47300025119 B3116 S Por BSEES bb a LE I T ASE DS AAMEN TOBA OS A SAF GAM AA JES 914545 EET DESEE SOS AOE SEO OME S262 SS 14345 44615 12276580157 OS836T273 IITA IESS Bibs a567 127054501 2164 5 TU Y SO OBS SPSS ASSIS ee 41311557531 IO A 100a 15 OSI OC OSS BR Se Ee a oS PSO i02334 8 115508 5 1051706 5 753 Dearden EAn RSI SS SRS SSE SES oF niies 1a T1 AIA SA VAMI SO SESS SSS Gran TSn 5 TA 2 118001 J Sagi GSR aT ee See ee a ea 120494 6 121582 1 1270G8 5 SSS 162591 O4SSSROO FDC SEAS TOSS Beri 6 DBS aes g 1247 9 iyo Sas OE TTS ES IRS bobba J00 5na LPs Pe 14 Ibo TEs eo SN LSS RAE SSAA A SG SOS a Eiren Iasi 4 126143 SRSA OSM H a Oe NM STO Se Pee LP 1427244 135827 E IS DIMES OTIS FIR Ie STR Tee OTe ae 1213440 LF 6 LEi e TIE zA OSS TAa YS SUB TS LAS 194 ed 1312
91. ASINET DAM Hele Eact Pa Home Home Hor Shast Data Seis Parameter You specified Parnmaiers Subur Dioxide S07 Sulfabe S04 Miiata HOT Minic Acid HN NH 3 z Galtum Caj Magaesium Migi Sodium Na Potascum Ki Chlanna Ci Data Sens Ory Deposiion Time Frame hime Frama Week Sari Date F050 End Dmie 19312005 Site s Geonga Mabon G45153 Site Select a Shwe Sy suid Reports Use this page only if you wish to im l pour results to specilic sites Show all C Prepackaged Data iz mier wilk ehow all shes with data comaaponiing to the selected criteria M you do not select specific shes you will get data from all shies Slates Absa A Alacka Anzons ar aracs Cabformia i l Coborada Firuct Sites Show all sitas Connectecut Farida Hashi a Matching Sites Selmoted Sites CA Georgie Si GA Georges Station CAS153 GA Georgia Station Cobscated G45253 Fig 7 48 Selecting the air quality station site 6 Click on the Select Output tab Note that some parameters are added by default e g Site ID Year etc The Particulate Deposition Velocity is useful as well as the concentrations of K Ca Cl Mg NH3 NO3 SO and SO Note that the units are ug m as needed in WARMF You may choose to limit the number of parameters more if you are certain those chemical constituents will not influence your simulation WARMF internally calculates the deposition fluxes so there is no need to download this data fo
92. All Layers if you know the depth of all the layers of interest Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Keat View Options 6S map Fi Tabe F Boescripten wl kl Rating Rating Opoons O Detailad Description Advanced Options Oe Aggregation Ehamnrim Component Mother Component Parcant Cutath To break Auh CC Slowest a Fastest Interpret Mulls as Yas Zara Mo Layer Options surface Lamy Depth Range Top Depth ol Bottom Dapit aud D Inches ig Centenebors all Layars Fig 7 145 Selecting the options for viewing a soil property 154 11 Select View Rating to view the spatial distribution of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Fig 7 146 and a table with the parameter values by soil unit Fig 7 147 The table also provides the acreage and percent of the AOI composed of these soil units Note that the units are micrometers second which needs to be multiplied by 8 64 to convert to cm day for WARMF Ap Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Ksat q RANEE se Eae 1 f Fig 7 146 Spatial view of hydraulic conductivity within the AOI Tables Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Ksat Summary By Map Unit Summary by Map Unit Burke County Georgia Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating micrometers per second Acres in AOI Percent of AOT ChA Chipley sand 0 to 2 percent slopes 92 0000 36 7 0 4 CoD Cowarts loamy sand 8 to 12 percent slopes 8 2803 Fg 0 1 DgA Dogue
93. All vi Write Output To File Fig 5 15 Renaming a river segment 10 If this is the lowest river segment in a subwatershed the subwatershed will be named accordingly Fig 5 17 58 amp Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files Systech WARMF Brie E imm WF Fie Edt View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Help 5 ets S Uc 3 Pele Ea 2 eat EY Fig 5 16 Selecting subwatershed boundary 11 Once you are done go to View and uncheck Subwatersheds 12 Save your project You can later return to modify the selection of Subwatershed boundaries to best suit your needs 5 5 Taking your WARMF project out for a test drive To verify that the model is running properly it is useful to perform a quick test run Sample meteorological and air quality files have been provided with the WARMF 6 2 files for this 1 Go to the main WARMF folder and select the six files named sample Fig 5 17 with different extensions air FLO MET ORC ORH pts Select Edit gt Copy or CTRL C and paste them into the folder with your watershed project Fig 5 17 Sample input files provided with WARMF 59 2 In WARMF select Edit gt Select All or the key F3 Hold the Shift key and click on any catchment not on a river segment to open up the corresponding menu with the catchment parameters Fig 5 18 Note that in the lower left hand corner the small map shows the entire watershed selected
94. Application o mi j AROM Snes Generate Loading Data Intel Condiboms from Warm Start File 2 Fig 8 1 View of Simulation Control screen The second item is the time step in hours The default time step is 24 hours or daily If meteorological data is available on an hourly basis and the output can be compared to hourly observed data then a shorter time step can be selected It may not be useful to run hourly time steps if the output will then be used at a daily or monthly average Input and output data files become quite large when an hourly time step is used In the next section of the dialog the simulation components e g water quality point source can be specified Hydrology is always simulated but water quality constituents are optional Optional items may be turned on and off by toggling with the mouse on the check box Simulations of hydrology alone run very fast Simulations for the complete suite of water quality may take five times as long The sediment pesticides fertilizers and point sources options do not have a large impact on simulation time They should be checked if input data is available 167 In the Subwatersheds section the regions of the river basin to include in the Simulation are set Read Section 5 4 for more details It is not required to simulate the entire watershed every time However the entire watershed must be simulated at least once for WARMF to generate the boundary conditions between regions WAR
95. Apply Changes To All i Write Output To File Fig 5 20 Loading the sample meteorology and air chemistry files 6 Click OK This links the met and air files to all the catchments in this watershed You could have also selected just a few catchments by clicking on them while holding the Shift key and then opening one of the selected catchment still holding the Shift key To verify that you linked these files to a different catchment click on other catchments and review the Meteorology tab 7 To view the sample air and met data select Module gt Data Then in the Type of data box select the Meteorology files from the menu Fig 5 21 Mi Data Module File Edit Module Type of data Meteorology Alr Quality Observed Hydrology Observed Vater Quality Managed Flow File name Point Sources Pictures Fig 5 21 Selecting the meteorology file for viewing the data 61 8 The sample met data is shown in graph view You can see that the 10 11 precipitation data oscillates from O to over 22 cm of rainfall in a day for this location and there appears to be a break in the data from around 01 01 1999 to 11 01 1999 It is important to view the data before running a scenario to be aware of these issues You can scroll through the other parameters minimum maximum and dew point temperatures cloud cover air pressure and wind speed You can also view the data in table format by clicking on the corresponding
96. CS at the USDA 1 The core data download from BASINS 4 0 provides a shapefile with soil types Fig 7 126 The coloring scheme can be edited to color the soil polygons using the MUID field After selecting the field click on and select Unique Values to generate the list of soils in this region with a different color associated with each soil type Fig 7 127 The soil identification refers to STATSGO numbering by state After selecting the coloring scheme change the Show Fill in the Legend Editor to True Fig 7 128 The resulting view provides a clearer idea of the soil types in this region Fig 7 129 Additional data can be obtained for each soil type as described in Section 7 9 2 143 _ BASINS 4 03060108 7 EFN Pam we sss Se gt 3 z a Fe oA ag ag aw Lege C Transportatio SM Soil Land Us Ecoreaio _ QO Land Us O Q Managed O State Soi aC Land Us W aO Land Us Ff aC Land Us W a00 Land Us W a0 Land Us W Q NLCD aO 0 NLCD LaO nd Hydroloaqy Observed Dat Point Sources Political RP PAA A i Elit sh on He ow Delineation Shapefile Editor Fig 7 127 Selecting a coloring scheme for the soils layer based on soil ID A Legend Properties Expanded Legend Legend Picture E Symbology Coloring Scheme Display Name Dynamic Visibility Fill Color Fill Style Label Setup Line Style Line Width Outline Color Show Fill False L non
97. Creek Watershed in Georgia HUC 03060108 will be used to demonstrate how to build a project in BASINS 4 0 and proceed to watershed delineation 1 After opening BASINS 4 0 choose Build BASINS Project from the starting dialog Fig 2 1 cme aa File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plugins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor O amp St 7 A A i Bi isis dh ow Legend a x 7 Welcome to BASINS 4 Build BASINS Project Convert BASINS 3 Project BASINS Hel Open Existing BASINS Project Muskingum Licking W Show this dialog at startup Cumberland Close Green Fig 2 1 BASINS 4 0 startup menu 2 Find your watershed from the map of the USGS 8 digit watersheds HUC or Hydrologic Cataloging Units in the USA Fig 2 2 Note that information for Alaska Hawaii and Puerto Rico are also included and can be seen by zooming out If you will use a watershed outside the USA click cancel and import the datasets manually BASINS 4 national CO Political States Counties o aM Hydroloay Cataloaina Units O Build New BASINS 4 Project To Build a New BASINS Project zoom pan to your geographic area of interest select highlight it and then click Build If your area is outside the US then click Build with no features selected to create an international project 044 604 Meters X 2768 67 Y 1871 03 Kilometers Selected Features lt none gt Fig 2 2 Watersheds of the United States by USGS 8 digit Hydro
98. Decision Support System for Watershed Analysis and Total Maximum Daily Load Calculation Allocation and Implementation Publication No 1005181 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Herr J C W Chen R A Goldstein and J Brogdon A Tool for Sediment TMDL Development on Oostanaula Creek a paper accepted for presentation at Watershed Management to Meet Emerging TMDL Environmental Regulations Conference and Exhibits March 11 13 2002 Radisson Plaza Fort Worth TX Keller A 2000 Peer Review of the Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF An evaluation of WARMF for TMDL applications by independent experts using USEPA guidelines Technical Report 2000 1000252 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Keller A 2001 Peer Review of the Acid Mine Drainage Module of the Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF An evaluation of WARMF AMD using USEPA guidelines Technical Report 2001 1005182 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Keller AA and Y Zheng 2005 Approaches for Estimating the Margin of Safety in a Total Maximum Daily Load Calculation Theoretical and Practical Considerations EPRI Palo Alto CA EPRI Report 1005473 Keller AA Y Zheng and TH Robinson 2004 Determining Critical Water Quality Conditions for Inorganic Nitrogen in Dry Semi urbanized Watersheds J Am Water Res Assoc 40 3 721 735 USEPA 2004 Better Assessment Science Integrating Poi
99. Fields Definition Query Labels Joins amp Relates Show z Cantons Draw categories using unique values of one field Import Categories Value Field r Color Ramp Unique valis GRIDCODE gt ne Unique values many J Match to symbols in a Quantities Charts Multiple Attributes lt all other values gt lt all other values gt lt Heading gt GRIDCODE 292117 OK Cancel Apply Fig 2 32 Editing the symbology for the NLCD shapefile 10 Before selecting OK click on the Symbol heading Fig 2 33 and choose Properties for All Symbols Layer Properties rit General Source Selection Display Symbology Fields Definition Query Labels Joins amp Relates Show z z 5 Fontes Draw categories using unique values of one field Import Categories m Value Field r Color Ramp Unique values GRIDCODE zl Hf En Pa Unique values many Match to symbols in a Quantities Charts Multiple Attributes L Flip Symbols g 292117 1578 j 4133 704 t 1591 y4 66 29528 61010 44394 V Remove All Advanced ties For Selected Symbol s Properties For All Symbols Add Values Cancel Apply Fig 2 33 Editing the symbols for the NLCD gridcode 11 Select No Color for the outline color of all these symbols Fig 2 34 Alternatively you can choose an outl
100. Fig 7 39 How many blank data lines would vou like to add ta the end of the file 4017 Fig 7 39 Entering the number of blank rows 5 Copy and paste from the Excel spreadsheet one column at a time Do not copy the header If you have more than around 4 380 records around 12 years of daily data or 0 5 years of hourly data you need to import them in several steps This is due to a limitation in the clipboard in WARMF If you are only entering daily data don t fill in the Time column 6 Since the WDM file does not have air pressure data use either a default value of 1000 mbar or an average value from a local airport in the area The error is around 2 3 for most regions and has a negligible effect in most simulations For Brier Creek the Augusta Airport reports an average value of 1012 mbar 7 Itis useful to enter a more descriptive name for the station and it will help to locate the station on the map view if you add the Latitude and Longitude For Station GA000495 it is the Augusta Airport at Lat 33 3667 Long 81 9667 It is also useful for later reference to note the source of the data Fig 7 40 93 E Data Module aaa Fie Edit Module Help Type of data Meteorology v Graph Add Blank Rows to End of File shally faaooosssmeT gt tbe Select Rowe Cufvins or Cusbel Name Augusta Airport Latitude 33 3667 Longitude 81 9667 Precipitation Minimum Temperature Maximum Temperatur
101. Gi 12 Piategor i ue ae 1 a1 a TES UAN aft Se SIZES u 12 Potro 6 Pa 1130 F 5 20 sono lar pal 325518 a 20 Pogor j 34 Byra i Bi A P oe Tn er Vi T SOF 56a 11 1 Po gan E MTA i 5 T 35 Goni n n 1a 15 B78 a art oO 22 Praga 277 SWT L a 1 4 33871000 ERSI 4 13gm 3 Se Li a Poyan aj a an 1 4 J 4 oa way eer TIRA U a ia rs 1 Ta 1 i a1 1 47S 1 16 4251821 La 22 Pogon a aa UL ary 1 J 5 J EE brte irem n n Vite Vat 2 05r0aF La w Poros kn a Set i wl 4 4s is 15772 312 Oo 2 Pin 3e Lii 7 a 33 dee ke bi 152 23 BA 3455 Li J 25 Poir H ix i 5 1 1 aaron SMT Ben 2 To o ao Pogan a rd a a 4 1 1 avd AAM VA 14 EREA u 30 Popa Z H A a1 1 J H 1S af AJR 2270 Li H Potrgon a H ELEL 4 J 4 ao gmap 13 029 ers Q a2 Poker 4 73 amp ei z ol 4 Pecilni SA 6 BBS JAH o 33 pohpor 37 35 Fiaa 2 3 1 4 Ler Tate iin Fb TRA z BOT SST i H Poyon Eei a 15104 1 kn i FE Sood 1312 HTI IH o Ja Phegeri i 1 UAF a 1 a GIUFAAA TZA zo A TA i 2 Poor m TH a1 ay a1 1 ZEFIR Wa 3181 2S ki 37 Pori Ee 33 Hii 1 i 3 4 Ose ely 2 ETS Q 35 Pon yi 3 175 oi 35 1 MT THE gt 12 258 Pee oa Fig 3 34 View of Watershed Delineation attribute file with a field for mean aspect 21 The next operation is best done in Microsoft Access or some database 22 management software Open the DBF file of the Watershed Delineation Ignore the request to Select Index Files by clicking Cancel From the next menu select the database file Sort
102. If you plan to use a subset of these dates change the Current Start and End dates to the desired range In this example only the records from 1990 01 01 to 1995 12 31 were selected Fig 7 9 WDMUtil ga File Tools Scenarios Locations Constituents Time Series Help Scenarios _ Locations m Constituents 0 of 1 All None 1 of 10 All None 5 of 16 All None OBSERVED Time Series 5 of 160 available time series in list 0 not on WDM file 5 selected ls 2 414 se al Ail_ None Type DSN scaiaig Location Constituent Start sJDay End EJDay Au 433 JUD JI GA00OA T WIND 9707 1 40587 949571273 50083 Dates gt a Reset Start End TStep Units Current 1990 1 1 to 1995 12 31 Common 1970 1 1 to 1995 12 31 Native se a al Fig 7 9 Selecting records to create a table for a specific range of dates 79 12 Then click on the table tool in the lower right corner El This creates a table with these 5 parameters by day and hour for the period of interest Fig 7 10 It takes a few seconds to merge all the dates to the selected range H Timeseries Data File Edit Scenario OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVED OBSERVED a Location GA000495 GA000495 GA000495 GA000495 G 000495 Constituent PREC ATEM CLOU DEWP WIND i 01 01 1990 00 00 0 010 61 0 10 0 57 9 13 9 1 01 1990 030 9 10 0 2 0 13 9 01 01 1990 02 00 0 000 54 0 10 0 48 9 18 3 01 01 1990 03 00 0 000 Sda 10 0
103. L Tend peat K Bes aha Percent comp rtences of hourty s Ghee aggregated bo PLU eed omena m 0 G8 Poth Contesttation A COC Main palatium F concesiraien agim3 BO0 0 8 Mekiieott Fle Se Compii erage WF I PET bi Pog an C Concermnimcn a Comgietenets Percent competenens af hourly v vals aggregated io KONE H CONE advised criteria i gt BS Caci m Flu ae FLIX Total cacion Ca fox koha aa eres Permen completer coy ia tie vikaa ageepated bo P TA F PCT Gica Fini Completions CA FLUX PCT CA FLU ad ja oriwa is gt 68 Galoum Concmizaiaen A DONG Maan cakam Ga concentration ugim Ig Oooo M tirare Frere mts ition bL eiii aie Pas arm rerrdalanare HF herh ab oar ee at le Fig 7 49 Selecting the columns for the output file 99 10 11 Click on the View Results tab and wait a few seconds to see the output in tabular format Fig 7 50 U S Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Markets Data and Maps Recent Additions Contact Us Search All EPA This Area You are here EPA Home Clean Air Markets Data and Maps Air Quality and Deposition Query Wizard CASTNET Que Select Select View Wizard 3 Criteria Output Results CAMD CASTNET D amp M Help Fact You specified Parameter s Sulfur Dioxide 502 Sulfate 504 Nitrate NO3 Nitric Acid HNO3 Ammonium NH4 Air Quality and Deposition Data Sets Home Home Home Sheet Parameter i gt A Sf Calcium Ca Mag
104. Length SLOPE River Slope ELEVLOW River Min Elevation ELEVHIGH River Max Elevation MEANWIDTH River Width MEANDEPTH River Depth 53 The data for the shapefile created by the watershed delineation is obtained from the RF1 or NHD river network It is important to double check the information since in some cases the length slope width or depth that BASINS assigns to a river segment may be quite different from the average for that segment One can also create an additional field in the River Network shapefile to include the name of the river segment This will simplify the naming of river segments in WARMF since it can be done automatically by matching the corresponding field in the River Network shapefile to the WARMF model parameter River Name ArcView Shape File Fields X ArcView Shape File Fields X Match the GIS shape file fields with the Match the GIS shape file fields with the appropriate model coefficients appropriate model coefficients LINKNO DSLINKNO USLINKNO1 USLINKNO2 DOUT_END None Selected DOUT_START None Selected DOUT_MID ELEVLOW ELEVHIGH M M MEANWIDTH i M M M ne 4 gt DSAREAACRE DSAREAS MI USAREAACRE USAREAS MI None Selected 4 Fig 5 8 Matching River Network fields to WARMF parameters 6 Click OK WARMF will import the river layer and populate each river segment with the data from the DBF file When finished the river layer should appear on the map Figure 5 9
105. M Fig 7 2 2 The next screen indicates the states for which the data will be downloaded 75 BASINS Web Data Download Fe Help BASING Project C Basins dete 030601081 Browse Select Doin Types to Downton BASING 3030 Consus DEM DEM NED NHD GIRAS landuse Legacy STORET lv BASINS Moworologicel WIM STATSOO tor BASINS SWAT M Natonal Hydrograpin Deineet HDG D T Hebonal Land Cover Database LCC T PCS Discharge Modetrted STORET USGS Dery Sreaminw S65 Streamflow Measurements USGS Wiser Conlin Salact Ait Selaci None _Naxt gt Cancel Fig 7 1 Downloading WDM data 3 After downloading the data you can view the location of the WDM stations For Brier Creek there are two stations nearby Fig 7 2 Note that the Legend Editor was used to increase the size of the WDM points and use the COOP_ID field for the label Fig 7 3 BASINS 4 03060108 File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor De BSF Wik PARAS iy Bie sh oi eo Legend RX FIL Elevation HE Hydroloay Je Observed Da O WaterQ O WaterQ MwoMw mO Weather L1USGSG Bacteria Weather O 0 NAWOA O Point Sources aM Political AL Transportatio FIC Soil Land Us Fig 7 2 WDM stations near Brier Creek S shapefile Labeler COOP JD T pe Lobel Fietd tor Fire Lira k Lobel Field for Se
106. MF will automatically save the results for the interface points After that any downstream subwatersheds can be turned off to save time by _ unselecting Subwatersheds from the list To see the subwatershed boundaries select Subwatersheds from the View menu WARMF provides an autocalibration tool for hydrologic simulation There is no autocalibration tool for water quality simulation since the data sets are usually too Sparse to automate the process Hydrology Autocalibration can be activated by clicking on the check box This dialog only allows the users to specify the number of loops to iterate For the autocalibration tool to work the user must have already set the autocalibration coefficients under the Edit Autocalibration Coefficients menu item The users can select which regions of the watershed and which variables to adjust during the autocalibration More details are provided in Section 8 4 Another option is Generate Loading Data f this option is selected point and nonpoint loads for each constituent are calculated for display in GIS maps If this option is not selected WARMF will still simulate hydrology and water quality for each catchment river and reservoir An additional feature of WARMF Warm Start allows the user to run a set of Simulations in succession with linked initial conditions For example to account for future growth in the TMDL process WARMF can run under one land use scenario for a few years i e scenario A
107. Percent of planted acres RSET 25 4 30 3 23 3 32 1 OAT 94 7 Ever treated with lime 2 4 petri beast kere 72 9 Soil tested for N P205 K20 8 7 62 9 Soil tested for N 13 0 Plant tissue test used 2 97 1 Acres treated with N 1 1 89 2 3 6 87 2 3 8 Pounds per treated acre RSET 152 3 0 71 3 7 0 102 8 6 Notes TThe Relative Standard Error RSE is the standard error of the estimate expressed as a percent of the estimate The larger the RSE the less precise the estimate These data may differ from other released data due to rounding revised estimates or different survey methodology Also note data are for surveyed states The estimate is statistically unreliable due to the combination of a low sample size and high Sampling error Estimate does not comply with ERS disclosure limitation practices is not available or is not applicable Planted acres Treated with chemical fertilizer and manure Acres treated with P205 Acres treated with K20 P205 applied K20 applied Fig 7 166 Tailored report on nutrient application for corn in Georgia e This data can be used to adjust the WARMF loading rates for agricultural land uses If the information is available consider the beginning and end of the planting season for limiting the application of nutrients 3 Wang and Keller 2007 created AgInput as a tool to assist in estimating the daily loading of pesticides and n
108. Quunn ee Pook oes amp TONE ae ee ii Features gt BA atant mesa Paki O merim os i q ie Gerdy abane I pe iama aO Aspect m a Be Leyes aed Tabia Vereni O iiti Boeie aa raehan hekghborthond eS cea Fig 3 39 View of mean aspect by catchment based on selected delineation 27 You can close the arctangent DBF file in Excel You don t need to save the changes 28 Save your ArcGIS project 3 4 Converting NED elevations to meters If you used the NED dataset for the BASINS 4 0 delineation the River Network elevations are in centimeters These must be converted to meters before importing the data into WARMF using the following steps 1 Open the River Network database file using MS Access It is the file that ends in nednet dbf in the ned folder Ignore the request to Select Index Files by clicking Cancel From the next menu select the database file 2 Scroll to the right to view the columns ELEVLOW and ELEVHIGH Highlight them by clicking on the titles Fig 3 40 44 Metros Anos O00 T oR dieet Take HI is Ta j _ _ DOUT END i pour stant Dout mo i MEATH WEANDEF TH DSAREAACRE DSAREASOMI USAREAACRE VSAREASOMI S438 ILLETA IS BOO eara SSeS Bee SS See FA 2 1aS61a auraae a Al Ab T EEE OSS Pe Bee eos BS ae 107 Sara zg Jea 7 IWENI gamz DKES ATA AA Se IB 11 Bee zaa ASUA Jaba 1 dat 14480057633 DESSA BIA BReeS GS RRBs ARRG ATS eee TISA eo to 4 S537 5 geU RE
109. River 1 v SEE dase eed ay Pow oj Spey bis hae tutes el T E E hey satiny s E E eee Suey ty Laie SL me Weyeh E ye cn Sesh ky weve ay E seth Mld a a a a a a 7 Oo ow 6 S amp S S amp S o o o nrenrenrenereooeoegedess BSSSSBESBERBSSERBSSESBSSSSSSSSRRS SERRE SES BESBESEEDSBSBSBDRBSBSSBDBEBSBBBBDEBDOSBBEEE NF seosnidnFsSoaoseonNnNntsFSsSasSAKNRCFSSSANSFSESRSA SSSESBHFSTSESSESHSTSESSSEHKHESCSES SESH STSESSESESS Inorg Carbon mg l be s jer_practi ce Create Text File Flow DAT Yi Show Observed _ Create Text File This constituent all scenarios hep Statistics All constituents Brier_practice Fig 8 5 View of WARMF output for a river segment The legend of the plot is shown below the X axis Black circles represent observed data points Observed data can be shown or hidden by toggling the Show Observed button in the lower left corner of the dialog If no black circles are visible with Show Observed checked it means that there is no observed data from the simulated time period Note that the observed data in this station ends in 1995 The output parameters are listed on the left side of the dialog To view a parameter simply click on its name on the list The output can be exported to a text file for external processing This is done by clicking on Create Text File There are two options for the text file This constituent all scenarios option will create a text file with columns for date each s
110. SDA provides annualized statistics on fertilizer and pesticide use in the http www ers usda gov Browse FarmPracticesManagement managed by the Economic Research Service Fig 7 162 p lis http www ers usda gov Browse FarmPracticesManagement E Be G co gt r United States Department of Agriculture EPER Al USDA Economic Research Service V wy The Economics of Food Farming Natural Resources and Rural America Na ss 5 y ee rea PE _ one SP ee ee S a a Home About ERS Briefing Rooms Publications DataSets Newsroom Help ContactUs SearchERS N You are here Home Farm Practices amp Management Search Go Advanced Search Browse by Subject Diet Health amp Safety Farm Practices amp Management Farmers produce food and fiber using a wide variety of farm practices and management systems that differ by commodity region and farm and operator characteristics The mix of inputs practices and technologies used by farmers when combined with land labor and water resources affects production costs farm income and soil water and air quality ERS provides information on Farm Practices manufactured input use costs of production adoption levels of production and conservation amp Management practices and technologies and land and water resource use for the agricultural sector and selected commodities gt Farm Economy 9 Agricultural Productivity Bi
111. States Crop Production Practices is a data file based on information collected through a series of annual field level commodity surveys Also known as Phase II of the Agricultural Resource Management Survey ARMS this series is USDA s primary source of information about the current status and trends in crop production practices for several large acreage field crops corn soybeans wheat and cotton This survey also obtains data on U S farmers agricultural resource use as well as data to assess potential environmental impacts associated with crop production practices The ARMS survey annually collects field level information on chemicals and seeds equipment previous crops highly erodible land irrigation and pest nutrient and crop residue management practices The Crop Production Practices data can be summarized by crop year ERS Farm Resource Region irrigation system previous crop highly erodible land and tillage system Data summaries are available for production years beginning in 1996 These surveys support NASS s Agricultural Chemical Usage reports and provide ERS with a database to research and report many economic issues related to crop production practices Crop production practices data also supplement ERS s Commodity Costs and Returns data Crop Production Practices Tailored Reports Documentation Questionnaires Questions amp Answers Step by Step Demonstration Documentation About ARMS Contact
112. Toolbox 3D Analyst Tools Analysis Tools Cartography Tools Add Data Name Lsavaga shp _auguga shp _athega shp Add Show of type Datasets and Layers Ipr 7 Cancel Fig 2 18 Adding GIRAS land use layers to the ArcGis project 3 The three layers will be displayed although the coloring scheme is rather plain Fig 2 19 Save the project before continuing as an mxd file Drug o Fasiri Wos Seat Fal olga ua jaj E 1 Ans Am mag At he a a ia ES e TiS aion SF es Fig 2 19 Display of GIRAS land use layers in the ArcGis project 18 4 Ifthe ArcToolbox window is not open click on the icon to open it From the ArcToolbox select Data Management Tools gt General gt Merge Fig 2 20 Gp 3D Analyst Tools i D gt Analysis Tools oy Cartography Tools i 3 Conversion Tools i op Data Interoperability Too amp Data Management Tools amp Data Comparison amp Database amp Disconnected Editing amp Distributed Geodatab eal amp Domains amp Feature Class eal amp Features i amp Fields i amp File Geodatabase amp General Append 7 Calculate Value A Copy f Delete Fad Merge Merge Branch J Rename p Select Data amp Generalization amp Indexes Fig 2 20 Selecting the Merge tool for shapefiles 5 From the Merge menu Fig 2 21 u
113. Tools i Conditional fl Density El Distance Zonal Statistics as Table Input raster or feature zone data 03060108nedw x it amp Extraction Zone field et Sp teeraa Pago Groundwater i Hydrology Input value raster Eal Interpolation fatanzmens o y 5 Eal Local amp Map Algebra Output table amp Math amp Multivariate amp Neighborhood fe BASINS data data 03060108 ned Atan2Zmean_tab shp is E Overlay V Ignore NoData in calculations i Raster Creation i Reclass E Solar Radiation amp Surface amp Zonal Tabulate Area Zonal Fill Zonal Geometry Zonal Geometry as Table Zonal Statistics Zonal Statistics as Table E Fig 3 28 Using Zonal Statistics as a Table tool to create a database file of the mean aspect 15 This creates a DBF database file that can be opened with Excel Fig 3 29 The file is in the NED folder VALUE COUNT AREA wa MAF ENRE Pala cat u miea ee a a on on om om gp fo a ee ee i a pa a Ein ae is a I lt RUBY RYO ty il aa a a na ed ttc as aac i ae fa Gone oO Jia ooo HI GT Oo DPA wee ooo i Me Sh 0 Oo mo 2 oo To Sooo EINI BGOEOO Oooo Bes TE 168s 17 SOO UDO 17 SSO ooo aa sioman 41415 Pamo mon 2174 TOS 100 ann 16 Nan Doo IES 12S 00 DORON ENEJ T Oooo EE So O BEI EIZA aS ESE aa P DO0OnnOo0oo moD Sa HMI Er EEE Hra a IW Saa ESTAN 121 S000 nn ihini JAR on Sa S00 Goon el Kia 7 SOO
114. _ Water Qualit WDM Weath O Weather Stat MUSGS Gaae _ Bacteria a Weather Stat NAWQA Stu O EAC Point Sources amp Permit Comp AM Political Urban Area County Nam County Boun L EPA Reaion v Legend Preview M X 1344636 735 Y 1231312 336 Meters X 1344 637 Y 1231 312 Kilometers Fig 2 17 Display of USGS gage stations for this watershed After downloading data from these national datasets some processing is needed before proceeding to import the shapefiles into WARMF 17 2 3 Processing the datasets The first datasets that need to be processed are the land use file s First are the instructions for the GIRAS land use You can skip this if you plan to use the NLCD dataset Since the BASINS 4 0 GIS Tools for merging shapefiles are currently not enabled use ArcGis 9 2 to process these files You can also process these files in any other GIS software previous ArcGis versions ArcView GRASS IDRISI etc following their instructions 1 Open the ArcGis 9 2 software and select to start with A new empty map 2 Select Add Data and locate the C Basins data 03060108 land use folder Select the three land use shapefiles by holding the left mouse button while selecting all Fig 2 18 Untitled ArcMap Arcinfo File Edit View Insert Selection Tools Window Help Densa tsex elf JL AIO N QATA amp Arc
115. alues file with the entire dataset GAUUUZI42 31 MAY ZUU4 PUV 9U l GA0002542 31 JAN 2005 50050 ea000254 D BtuL2005 50050 Ga0002542 D YB1 auG 2005 50050 GA0020893 28 FEB 2005 00310 caoozos93f Ct D T BAR 2005 00310 eaooz0so3f tt D D Bano 00310 ea0020893 D D T OSEP 200300310 GA0020893 30 SEP 2004 00310 eaooz0s93f tt D D Bonov2040310 eao020893 tt D D BtNAaN2004 0040 ea0020893 tt C BONUN2004 00400 GA0020893 31 DEC 2004 00400 jcaooz0s93f rc D C PIMa R20 00 eao020893 D ONov 2002 00530 GA0020893 31 JAN 2003 00530 Total number of records returned from your query 1396 Number of Records shown on this page 1000 Records remaining to be viewed 396 Next 1000 Records Outputto CSV File Fig 7 107 Selecting the generation of Output as CSV File In the next page you can download the CSV file to a specific folder Fig 7 108 U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Discharge Permits Ee Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version EF Search EPA Home gt Envirofacts gt PCS gt Query Results Query Results PCS Page No 2 USGS HUC number entered 03060108 Results are based on data extracted on 23 AUG 07 Generated SQL SELECT DISTINCT PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT NPDES PCS_CUR_DMR_MEASUREMENT CONCENTRATION_UNIT_CODE
116. alyst gt Zonal gt Zonal Statistics tool The input feature is the Watershed Delineation shapefile the zone field is the Polygon ID catchment ID number the input raster is the sin of the aspect in radians the output raster can be named appropriately and the statistic is the MEAN Fig 3 25 By using the mean values you avoid canceling the aspect from one grid point with another You will need to do it for sin and cos separately Uriartinnk mmi rcthap Ancint inp racer or faira pina dati flak ae oe i ri s s 0 Er TENER pel O G amp A j Oaie Ge z Hat j i Linger Referencing Took A fen Fie a fy Coo Miudieeuce Toe Papper i m a p Pirie araa Pooks I lis b 0 e magi a Ia a a o aoM i 4 O tir ned iip E Tam oai aa i te O eat i BA C hre a panem limanai o I i Value CS seiko ee 0 es eal reas a T EN Thathtire Epp optional bow fd WEAN 7 E Dg Mote ec klari 1O Oe red a 37 Fig 3 25 Using Zonal Statistics tool to calculate the mean sin Aspect by catchment 12 13 The output is the mean value for the entire catchment Fig 3 26 Make sure the Watershed Delineation shapefile is either hollow or unchecked to view the mean sin or mean cos E pa i pee j Loe ie pe Celia La i g fi anes Jf 2SO 7 4265 2 70 a oe i tapers ie m E gi mt Pub iner H baw ea O paip er a Ol tom w ft ei Ol iz E ina
117. an autocalibration tool for the hydrologic parameters Calibrating any watershed model is time intensive There are different criteria for determining the goodness of fit e g Zheng and Keller 2007a Once the hydrology is adequately represented the next step is to calibrate water chemistry beginning by temperature then conservative compounds e g chloride followed by nutrients and then dissolved oxygen Once dissolved oxygen is calibrated then compounds whose reactions are controlled by redox conditions such as mercury and pesticides can finally be calibrated The hydrologic autocalibration tool provided with WARMF can serve to fine tune parameter values to achieve a hydrologic response that closely matches the observed values In this guide the basic steps for setting up the autocalibration tool are described However it may take several efforts to achieve a reasonable calibration Note that adequate and reasonable are subjective terms and the user must decide at what point further effort will not improve the output Insufficient datasets may result in a poor match Thus additional effort is best placed in obtaining more information In terms of calibration strategy always calibrate from upstream to downstream Reasonable control points are river segments where observed hydrology is available 179 The calibration time period needs to match a time period where sufficient observed data is available at a control period Af
118. and populate each catchment with the data from the Watershed Delineation DBF file When finished the catchment layer will appear on the map Figure 5 7 If the image is completely scrambled it means that the shapefile was not correctly reprojected to decimal degrees Verify your re projection E Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled QP Fie Edt View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Help amp x Jea Gl dede gt elelee 2 D Fills System 10 Subcatchment 18 82 4742 33 3491 Fig 5 7 View of delineated watershed in WARMF project 4 To view the WARMF model parameters for a catchment double click the corresponding catchment It should contain the same parameter values as in the original shapefile If data is unavailable for any of the specified fields in the Model Parameters column in Table 5 1 WARMF will populate the catchments with default parameter values for those model inputs Note that the current public domain version of WARMF only allows watersheds with up to 100 catchments 5 To import the river network select File gt Import gt Watershed gt River Layer and choose the river network shapefile In the pop up window Figure 5 8 match the fields according to Table 5 2 and click OK Table 5 2 Correspondence between BASINS 4 0 River Network shapefile fields and WARMF model parameters River Network fields WARMF model parameters LINKNO River ID DSLINKNO Downstream River ID LENGTH River
119. and then run under a new projected land use for a few years i e scenario B It can also be used to evaluate changes in land application or BMPs over time This is possible with the Warm Start File option For scenario A WARMF saves the final results in a warm start file with a WST extension This file provides the initial conditions for scenario B When making run for scenario B turn the Warm Start option on and select the name of the warm start file from scenario A For the program to work it is important that the ending date of the first scenario is exactly one day prior to the starting date of the second scenario After all options in the simulation control dialog are selected click OK to start the run Then a simulation window will appear The simulation window is a DOS based window showing the progress of the simulation e g how many sub watersheds are considered in the simulation of simulation finished and days of the simulation period WARMF will perform the simulation in the background so the user is free to perform other tasks with the computer Care should be taken however to avoid opening files in use by the simulation When a simulation finished successfully a message will appear as WARMF simulation completed successfully in the simulation window Fig 8 2 Close the window by clicking on the l in the upper right corner Fe Edt Vew State Window Hep E Graphic Suemewsfal ly Finished oO Fig 8 2 Vie
120. ar V Months N A A C day month year v Days Yv H Month Names iv Sa 2 digit years fv Minutes Seconds End of interval Midnight 24 00 Date Separator a Time Separator x cm Fig 7 3 Selecting the correct date format for WARMF 15 To export the table select File gt Save to Text File The column format can be Tab delimited and it is easier to remember the parameters if you 80 Include Column Titles Use a File Name that is easy to remember e g GA000495 txt Note the location of the output file Fig 7 13 W Specify Format of Text File L fol TERRIG i Files Matching td Tab delimited Sac C Space delimited Basins Character delimited data C Fixed width space padded V Include Column Titles Empty Cell Text C Basins data met_cata GAUO0495daily te Wer tet WOM 330056 tet Fig 7 13 Saving the table with WDM records to a text file Click Save to create the file You may want to check that the file was created before closing these menus If you plan to use daily values some processing is needed After step 10 above click on the PREC record to highlight it and then use the Generate Time Series tool 2 to process this record The menu for a New Time Series opens up In the Aggregation area select Sum Div which will sum up the hourly precipitation values to create a total precipitation for the day You can add the units at the bottom if you are sure the da
121. ates If there is no match the station is left unassigned and must be set manually dese S xele gt Pler oul Ea DI in foren Fig 7 95 Importing Observed Water Quality stations into WARMF 7 To view the water quality stations in WARMF select View gt Water Quality Stations from the main menu The stations are shown in white dots Double clicking on a white dot will open the file from within the Data Module 8 Save your project 7 9 Managed Flow 7 5 1 Data sources Managed flow data in WARMF includes water diversions and reservoir releases This data is very site specific and is not often available from national databases via the Internet Reservoir release records can be obtained from the stakeholder operating the reservoir e g USBR or utility company Water diversions for 126 agricultural uses can generally be obtained from a State Engineer s Water Master Municipal and Industrial M amp l diversion records must be obtained from the Stakeholder who uses the diverted water e g a city or a power plant 7 5 2 Importing Managed Flow data into WARMF Managed flow records are assigned a FLO extension in WARMF Process available data to generate a file with the date of the flow data and the flowrate The flow units must be m s Although the data records do not have to have a uniform frequency there must not be any empty records in the file Fill in any data gaps with estimated values It may be easiest to
122. ation on facility outfalls Tables of information about particular discharge points at a permit facility that Pipe Schedule Outfalls jare governed by effluent limitations and monitoring and submission requirements Address and other location information about the facility Facility Information Fig 7 102 Selection of additional subjects as needed In Step 2 select the table It is unclear whether there is a difference between these two options Fig 7 103 The Current Measurements option tends to retrieve fewer records Select one and then click on the box for Step 3 U S Environmental Protection Agency Water Discharge Permits AT Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version EF Search EPA Home gt Envirofacts gt PCS gt Customized Query e Selection of Columns for Query Engine PCS STEP 2 Select Tables Select the tables for your output by clicking in the box next to the tables displayed below tesies for Subject Effluent Measurements Violations i pes_cur_dmr_measurement Current measurements of effluents reported on the Discharge Monitoring Report DMR Current measurements are identified by a pipe_set_qualifier of 9 pcs _dmr measurement Measurements of effluents reported on the Discharge Monitoring Report DMR Step 1 Select More Subjects Step 3 Select Columns Reset Fig 7 103 Selection of tables databases 131 5 Select the columns for
123. be evaluated An important difference between the Copy and Save As features is that the Copy feature retains the Original copied scenario in the project while Save As places the new scenario in the project but removes the original scenario from the project the original scenario is still on the hard drive and can be added back to the project using the Add button The order in which each scenario appears in loading charts or time series plots can be changed using the Move Up or Move Down buttons Outdated or unwanted scenarios are removed from the project using the Remove button note this does not remove the scenario from the hard drive The Scenario Delete function must be used to erase it from the hard drive x Scenario Manager Project Scenarios Open Scenarios Brier_practice Copy Move Up Move Down ve Fig 8 3 View of Scenario Manager screen Hud A project can have any number of scenarios but only four scenarios can be open at any given time to simplify the graphical output The open scenarios can be viewed as a list under the Scenario main menu item The Active scenario for the project is the one with a checkmark next to it When coefficients are modified or a scenario is run these actions are taken on the Active scenario In output mode however results from all open scenarios will be displayed To create a new scenario make a copy of the active scenario by clicking the Copy button in the scenario manager In the
124. cenario showing the simulated results for the highlighted constituent and observed data The All Constituents option will create a text file with columns for date and each of the simulated constituent concentrations for a given scenario e g BrierCreek To change scenarios click on the down arrow and choose the scenario to be written to the text file A default file name is provided i e FLOW DAT which can be changed by typing over it At the lower left hand corner of the time series plot there is the Statistics button Click on the Statistics button to view the statistical results for the flow simulation Fig 8 6 The default Statistics window shows a scatter plot of the model simulated vs observed values and a summary table of the statistical measures of the Simulation i e mean minimum maximum relative error absolute error RMS error and r square The comparison is only for the range of dates with observed data 171 River 1 Flow cms Brier practice Observed __ Compare Pts Relative Error Absolute Error RMS Error Simulated Flow ems Observed Flow cms Brier practice Observed Help Scatter Plot gt Erequency Distribution gt Cumulative Quantity Fig 8 6 View of Statistical Analysis window Click on the Cumulative Quantity checkbox to view the cumulative distributions of the model simulations and the observed values Fig 8 7 The model over predicts flow and this represents the preliminary
125. ces amp Permit Comp oM Political m0 Urban Area O County Nam 0 County Boun m EPA Region X 8 Legend F Preview M X 1226105 554 Y 1217524 015 Meters X 1226 106 Y 1217 524 Kilometers Fig 2 12 Display of National Hydrography Dataset 15 The next datasets to download refer to land use There is a GIRAS land use dataset from USGS http gis2 esri com library userconf proc03 p0904 pdf which has land use data from the late 1980s or early 1990s which is a good Starting point for most watersheds unless there has been rapid change in the past two decades There is a National Land Cover Database NLCD from USGS http landcover usgs gov natllandcover php which is from 1992 but at higher resolution GIRAS is in a polygon shapefile while NLCD is a TIFF raster file GIRAS can be almost directly be imported into WARMF while the NLCD data needs to be converted to a polygon shapefile before preparing it for import to WARMF First download the GIRAS dataset following the instructions for the DEMG NED and NHD datasets Fig 2 8 The GIRAS dataset is in quadrants and in many cases more than one GIRAS dataset will be needed for a particular watershed For example for Brier Creek three quadrants are required Fig 2 13 Remember to uncheck the DEMG NED and NHD layers to view the GIRAS land use The Legend Editor was used to change the outline of the Cataloging Unit layer to red so that the watershed 14 outl
126. cessing _ Specify NLCD to download Piagions to derwnbomel Description i ened TEP date vel be downloedied delewme and unpacked in the fonds BASINS deta notonalnied Bao folder Use thie Add Thome waho Gnd aces bo wdd Ens illing s image as a gid Higuini diane me Anoka wa kenges hirisa tauisiana For More Information miine manland massachsratg vA NLCD web gha l michigen mnnesote O mississippi migsqun moman nobaske nevada new hampahira P jet Niwot T new york norton nerth_dakota obio okbshome aregon fennevenia hode rand enm _ewoina k Cancel Fig 2 14 Selection of NLCD datasets by state 15 17 The file s are placed at the bottom of the Soil Land Use Cover group Uncheck the GIRAS layers and check the NLCD grid data to view the quality of this information Figure 2 15 Since some of these datasets are quite large it may take several seconds to refresh your screen so unless you need to view them it may be best to uncheck them once you are done viewing them until they are needed again Remember to save your project Note that you can also use the Save As option to change to a different project name at any point BASINS 4 BrierCreek File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor Daw EL oth Ame RAIA iy BLE Sl sth oh ot Legend i _ Weather Stat al USGS
127. cide Use by Method Manure Table State Selection All available states x Fig 7 164 Selecting survey data for the tailored report Contents Overview amp Data Farm Structure amp Finance Featured States Crop Production Practices Tailored Reports Documentation Questionnaires Questions amp Answers Documentation About ARMS Contact the ARMS Team 163 e You will need to select the crops commodities most likely to be planted in the catchments of interest and then select a survey year and a state You can also aggregate the information in several ways Fig 7 165 Makea l wy step gp survey data to repor Nutrient Use and Management al ee A EJ Planted acres Treated with manure Treated with chemical fertilizer and manure Com modity a oo ee f Corm w step GB sample to summar survey Years Alay 2001 2000 1999 1998 Georgia i All acres Jae Tillage System Highly erodible land Previous crop harvested Irrigation system E Fig 7 165 Selecting crop type survey year state and categories for the report e The resulting report provides an estimate of the land area treated with different nutrients or pesticides and the annual application rate Fig 7 166 164 Ei Nutrient Use and Management for Corn by All Acres for Georgia for 2005 Mcsvy Bexcei Burm All acres 1 000 Acres RSET 270 0
128. cluding information about the units for the various datasets 1 Click on the Map button of the Surface Data Global Summary of the Day dataset 2 The map window presents a world map with all the stations providing data to NCDC on this basis Fig 7 26 map atida an a Pa bari kher iea i ETES Ai Ca STWR Hc Pb Mij deer Sire ee aprh piran ee ee pi Sa ad of et fehl F ob ee do h bA isg E Crores WOC Deis Prei Pom air g iip t bm he Se Ce amy ter argae rewa reala Fig 7 26 View of global NCDC s Surface Data stations 87 tool to locate w Shift Map State of Georgia Fig 7 27 You may need to use the This map uses popups Please disable any popup 3 Use the m tool to locate the region of interest in this example it is the Surface Data Global Summary of the Day stations near Brier Creek Zoom a ast Mp shirt man Rael aa oes pe y O MT a Se a ea x n s Aap generated by NOAA s Nationa Cimatic Data Center 2003 4 Click on the Advanced Tools tab which is grey Then use the Select Box tool Fig 7 27 Stations in Georgia USA near the Brier Creek watershed to select stations in the region Draw a red box around the region of interest to select several stations Fig 7 28 You can also select just one This map uses popups Please disable any popup Print Map Search Surface Data Global Summary of the Day Select Bow Station if you are sure
129. cond Line options Mans i Pro 2 Label Proporsies Label poom extertha Font jWicrosot Sans Seri 78 h C Enable intai extents E Legend Properties aoe Ga Bal D z Color Coin A 255 Re Gel Mal Expanded Legend False sae es ae a 1 Legend Prelure O nena 3 E Map Bitmap 3 A Center Demat Pani image nana Poimi mage Scheme Nome T Use Label Shadow Tennspareed akw White SEE DAE AoE z Ep Eear A55 Re E Colonng Scheme None l Dispi Mame WOM Weather Dati fe Senla Labels ea E Label Setup Exit eh i Point Gabor OS Fuchsia 7 Liew Lobel Gotha ion Aoecedionce Point Site db Point Styte piCirele Fetatet ox cise Fig 7 3 Editing shapefile labels in BASINS 4 0 76 4 To view the data associated with a WDM station select Analysis gt WDMUtil Fig 7 4 BASINS 4 03060108 Serta Analysis Models Edt View Plug ins Densi ArcView 3 teuend 8 ArcGIS HL Elevation GenSen FIM Hydroloay WDMUtil EHM Observed Da Data Tree WaterQ ear ati Frequency Grid Graph Fig 7 4 Opening the WDMUtil tool to analyze and process the WDM data 5 In the WDM Utility menu select File gt Open and then the corresponding State where the WDM meteorological station is located ga wdm for Brier Creek 6 There are 10 stations locations available in the current WDM database for Georgia There are 16 constituents i e meteorological variables that may be available f
130. cords one column at a time 4 Enter the latitude and longitude and an appropriate name then save the file Fig 7 114 E Gata Module nasse PTE Te meno Deia Rowe kaa Zg f 7 d 2 ___ Balect ows Catelas or Caleta hara TA bora Wah TE ortti Lerreg ucley I o EME RENTES 3 flow Temperature Ammonia Chioide BOD Dissoved Oygen Gay an Fi F Dalt Time 3 Data 5 i oath ifs ems c kahi N d k k kgd hA ODIvz004 00N 0 0504 15 69 12 5 10 1073 57 hid 46 1BtGA Z USEPA POS GAD0ID G6 araara 00 00 1 04 0a 13 Ved BT VI fob oie Baa eet jOa 2004 00 00 00A 0h 15 1 bois 199b f Whe 1 454th OiOo4 ooo H 0401 15 172 8 hs 140 54 350 97 41314 53 oraino 000g 0 0414 13 UEa a a Tig 131283 a Palo CORINA 00 00 0 041 13 Tib irU 1301 18 TH eee LOW 000A 0 0731 15 86 4 12 06 1191 46 TAT 25 RRS l Fig 7 114 View of new Point Source File 5 To view it in graph form select another point source and then return to the one you just created You can also change Type of Data and return but then you need to select File gt Open to open the file again 6 Once you have created your observed water quality files go to the Engineering Module and select File gt Import Point Sources to import the files A dialog will show all the observed hydrology files created for the project Based on latitude and longitude coordinates specified in the data file the poin
131. coygen charge membe umber Indes of water quakry deviation f Latent heat fur aattsem2 Fig 7 63 Selecting state site type and flow parameters 5 Scroll down to the end of this webpage and select the Table of sites sorted by site name or number grouped by Hydrologic Unit Before you select any Output Options it is best to review the table and decide which stations you want to download Fig 7 64 108 6 O M Use selection to rebuild search on Counties and Hydrologic Units M Table of sites sorted by Site number Y grouped by Hydrologic unit Sos copies allows selection of data for multiple sites I M Brief desenptons allows selection of data for multiple sites Oe Sees table format m A lt Select fields to inchsde in o site description output DMS lattude O B Save fle of selected cites to local disk for future upload Retrieve USGS Surface Water Daily Data for Selected Sites Choose one of the following options for displaying data for the sites meeting the criteria above Retrieve data for the previous 365 ays 1 555 OR D for the date range First date Last date 18 07 31 through 2007 09 06 Output Options O M Graphs of data C use arithmetic Y axis for discharge Al Graphs of data with long term statistics use arithmetic Y axis for discharge A Graphs of data with field measurements C use arithmetic Y axis for discharge O Bi Table of data O
132. d information about these modules The following example shows how to view loading output through the Consensus module From the main menu select Module Consensus The roadmap for the Consensus module will be displayed Figure 8 10 173 Consensus Road Map Module Scenario 1 Stakeholders Organization 2 Work Plan Mission Tasks amp Schedule 3 Water Quality Issues Designated Use Criteria 4 Learning Process Simulate Loading Scenario BrierCreek Describe Poit Sources E 6 Analysis Cost Benefit Cost Sharing Consensus Fig 8 10 View of Consensus Module in WARMF 5 Management Alternatives 7 Resolution The first three steps of the Consensus roadmap contain dialogs where Stakeholders can input information about the stakeholder group watershed goals designated uses and criteria In step 4 Learning Process the Simulate button links back to the simulation control dialog of the Engineering module Click on the Loading button to view loading charts for the watershed Figure 8 11 If a message comes up stating BrierCreek psm Unable to read data it is likely that the Generate Loading Data box was not selected in the Simulation Control dialog prior to starting the simulation see Section 8 1 for details Fig 8 1 Loading Regional Loading Source Contributions Ammonia kg d N a Non point Sources Point Sources Double click on a
133. d layer PERMH Draw raster grouping values into classes Import Natural Breaks Jenks fio Normalization lt None gt Color Ramp D o 068000004 1 113999963 0 068000004 I 1113999963 1 832999945 1 113999964 5 43200016 7 451000214 5 432000161 F Show class breaks using cell values F Use hillshade effect Zz li I 1 832999945 2 710000038 1 832999946 _ 2 710000038 3 924999952 _2 710000039 3 924999952 5 43200016 3 924999953 7 451nnnz14 1n izinnnea 7 451nnn1s 1 113999963 1 832999945 2 710000038 3 924999952 5 43200016 7 451000214 1n 171nnn9 Classify Display NoData as Fig 7 157 Editing the Symbology for the PERMH field 12 You can then view the permeability by catchment Fig 7 158 Pr herrek ma Ara Aroni ie Edt ew Insert Selection Tools Mindo heip p i Dega i ternon Jf aeeow B S ETD Eir esr ieee Sea Esaa 745900021 Bizas i e BB 200d 1a aa HH D S a m Sa ia F 2OOt EP hOM Fig 7 158 View of maximum permeability using STATSGO grid information 160 13 Follow steps 10 11 in Section 7 9 2 to modify the corresponding info in WARMF 7 8 Land Application Data Non point source loading onto the land is managed on a catchment basis By clicking on any catchment and selecting the Land Application tab Fig 7 159 For natural land uses e g forests wetlands tund
134. database 117 5 By clicking on a characteristic you can see the water quality parameters that 6 are included in a category For example physical characteristics include alkalinity dissolved oxygen BOD pH and many other parameters of interest Fig 7 80 U S Environmental Protection Agency STORET Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search EJ EPA Home gt Water gt Wetlands Oceans amp Watersheds gt Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality gt STORET gt Data Warehouse Characteristic Summary El Characteristic El Records 78 Alkalinity Carbonate as CaCO3 BOD Biochemical oxygen demand Barometric pressure Color True Dissolved oxygen DO Flow Hardness Ca Mg Solids Fixed Specific conductance Stream stage height Temperature air Temperature water Turbidity pH Fig 7 80 Water quality parameters associated with a characteristic If you search by organizations you can see the number of stations reporting in this watershed Fig 7 81 Results by Watershed Drainage Basin HUC 03060108 Brier Search By Organization Characteristic Type All Organizations of the Watershed C 21GAEPD Georgia Environmental Protection Division 01 16 2001 12 19 2002 1807 Records 208 Metal 54 Microbiological 228 Nutrient 78 Other 1239 Physical Get Results Fig 7 81 STORET stations associated with a watershed 118 7 Cl
135. ded for the user The operating system is Windows XP although in principle all the various software are compatible with Microsoft Vista 1 1 Brief description of BASINS 4 0 BASINS 4 0 is the latest version of a comprehensive framework for obtaining datasets for watershed analysis analyzing the data with several tools and preparing the datasets for use in different water quality models It includes a web data extractor provides a tool for dynamic downloading of GIS data and databases from USEPA and various other sources BASINS 4 0 runs on a non proprietary open source free GIS system called MapWindow All of the software and datasets associated with BASINS 4 0 are open to the public and free They are available at http www epa gov waterscience basins The website also provides access to the documentation as well as Frequently Asked Questions The documentation provides additional examples on how to use the various elements of BASINS The user may find it valuable to browse the BASINS documentation since not all the analytical tools are discussed in this guide which is focused on preparing a WARMF 6 2 watershed model 1 2 Brief description of WARMF v 6 2 The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF is a watershed modeling and analysis tool It can be used for short and long term predictions of water quality watershed management and calculating Total Maximum Daily Loads TMDL Chen et al 2001 Using five integrated modu
136. dential 13 Camm Industria 14 Water v A Fig 6 5 Matching GIRAS land use codes to WARMF land use codes 4 Click OK Since WARMF must process the shapefile and assign values by catchment it may take from seconds to several hours depending on the size of the watershed and the resolution of the land use data To view the imported data select any catchment and double click it Then select the Land Uses tab Fig 6 6 Note that the land uses add up to 100 in each catchment Although you can modify the percent of each land use you must make sure the add up to 100 since WARMF has no information to adjust the other land use fractions up or down You can also view all the parameter values associated with this catchment The small image in the lower left corner reminds you of the location of the catchment relative to the watershed Subcatchment 34 Eq Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s eet a Residential _ Apply Changes To Selected _ Apply Changes To All _ Write Output To File Fig 6 6 Percent of each land use for a catchment in Brier Creek using GIRAS data 6 At this point save your work by selecting Scenario gt Save in the main menu 69 Table 6 2 GIRAS Land Use Codes and descriptions Level 1 Code Level 2 Code Description J_ P Urban orbuiltu
137. dialog give the scenario a new name e g Test1 Highlight the 169 new scenario in the Project Scenarios list and use the Open or Close button to add or remove it from the Open Scenarios list Click OK to incorporate your changes and return to the Engineering Module Now under the Scenario menu you will see the list of open scenarios To make a different scenario active select it from the list under the Scenario menu item To save a specific configuration of active and open scenarios you must choose File gt Save This will save changes to the overall project However clicking Scenario gt Save or Scenario gt Save As saves only coefficients for the active scenario as opposed to the configuration of the entire project 8 3 Viewing Time Series Output The simulation results can be viewed as time series plots through the WARMF Engineering module First select Mode gt Output from the main menu To select a stream segment with observed data select View gt Gaging Stations and then View gt Labels The segment near Waynesboro GA is a good option Fig 8 4 Fig 8 4 View of gage stations in Brier Creek Double click on the river segment not the catchment and an output window will appear Figure 8 5 with a graph showing the model simulated flow compared to the observed values for a simulation between 01 01 1994 to 12 31 1998 Note this example application of Brier Creek has not been calibrated 170 River 1 Flow cms LOK
138. dicating the Weather Data Management WDM stations available through their system For a worldwide database NOAA s National Climatic Data Center http www ncdc noaa gov oa ncdc html provides map based search for stations The following examples provide guidance on preparing these meteorological time series from different sources 7 1 1 WDM Meteorological data WDM data from BASINS is on an hourly time step The WDM data available through BASINS is in the process of being expanded to more than a thousand meteorological stations throughout the US with most of the meteorological parameters needed for WARMF The WDM data will be expanded to include data through 2006 with easier tools for updating the datasets beyond that date Note that currently the WDM data in BASINS are generally available only through 1996 and for major airport stations Meteorological data on an hourly time step can result in very large files so unless the work requires fine temporal discretization you may want to summarize the data by day using the WDMUtil tool in BASINS to convert the hourly data into daily data If you are considering using only a few years of meteorological data you can skip the instructions on how to aggregate to a daily time step 1 Open the BASINS project for your watershed You only need to display the Cataloguing Unit Boundary and the WDM Weather Data If you have not downloaded it select File gt Download Data gt BASINS Meteorological WD
139. dow Help 2 Editor Toolbar Graphs b Reports b Geocoding gt Et add x Data Add Route Events A ArcCatalog Online Services gt it My Places Macros b Customize Extensions Styles gt Options Fig 3 17 Adding Extensions in ArcGis 9 2 34 3 Check the box next to Spatial Analyst Fig 3 18 Extensions Select the extensions you want to use ArcScan Data Interoperability Geostatistical Analyst Maplex Network Analyst Publisher Schematics Spatial Analyst Survey Analyst Survey Editor Tracking Analyst ONOo0oOsg somo K Description 3D Analyst 9 2 Copyright 1999 2006 ESRI Inc All Rights Reserved Provides tools for surface modeling and 3D visualization About Extensions Fig 3 18 Adding Spatial Analyst to ArcGis 9 2 project 4 In the ArcToolbox go to Spatial Analyst gt Surface gt Aspect Fig 3 19 GB Network Analyst Tools amp S Samples Server Tools Spatial Analyst Tools Eal amp Conditional Ea Ss Density i amp S Distance Ei Ss Extraction pi amp S Generalization Ea amp S Groundwater amp S Hydrology i ES Interpolation i amp S Local tl amp Map Algebra g Math Ea amp S Multivariate RS Neighborhood Ei amp Overlay amp Raster Creation I amp Reclass i amp S Solar Radiation amp Surface gt 2 Contour F Contour List F Curvature F CutjFil F Hillshade Observer Points F Slope FF N
140. dules course 136 View of the NRCS Soils web page 2 The Web Soil Survey website has very good instructions to define the Area of Interest explore the Soil Map and use the Shopping Cart Fig 7 137 You may also want to consult their Tips and Shortcuts section to improve your search and selection Tres Bate Hapa E E E en nd determi at ae sui nab of i Ele 2 for a parti tems FH Wa Bay ea in va tier gan be added to yi Apping ee Ea Get four Gugieen report immediately or download it later Fig 7 137 View of the striccans op serina the NRCS soils database 150 3 Select the Start WSS button to begin your search Fig 7 138 The simple yet powerful way f to access and use soil data Welcome to Web Soil Survey WSS Fig 7 138 Selecting the starting point for a web soil survey search 4 From the next screen select your Area of Interest Fig 7 139 using the Zoom tool Fig 7 139 Starting point for the web soil survey search 5 For watershed work it is best to navigate by Hydrologic Unit Input the 8 Digit USGS Hydrologic Unit and click view to see the watershed outline Fig 7 140 151 irea of Intarnet interactive Map Tk i a aes 1 S S19 2 41 0 FEP E J i i ee ed td Le a SAP EA A EE pen i wes E e vit osem imi Show 8 Digitt amp Hydrologic Units Layer in Map Fig 7 140 Narrowing the search by watershed HUC code ag 6 Select the Area
141. e None State Soil Disabled L White C fsNone Edit IsNone F41 Hl Maroon False Transparency Percent O OX Field to color by be Number Format Automatic Shortest T ext v E GA025 GA025 E GA038 GA038 EE GA040 GA040 _ GA041 GA041 MB GA043 GA043 MB GA046 GA046 GA049 GA049 MS GA050 GA050 GA051 GA051 MMB GA052 GA052 EE GA053 GA053 MS Gass Coloring Scheme Define how to color these shapes GA088 Display Name Dynamic Visibility Fill Color Fill Style Label Setup Line Style Line Width Outline Color Expanded Legend Legend Picture E Symbology Coloring Scheme False _ none Edit State Soil Disabled C White _ fsNone Edit IsNone H 1 Bi Maroon Show Fill False Transparency Percen Show Fill Indicates whether the polygons in this shapefile should be drawn with a fill color False v True Fig 7 128 Setting the Show fill option to true 144 Fig 7 129 View of soil layer in BASINS 4 0 with color scheme 2 Soils data STATSGO displayed spatially can also be obtained from the USDA s NRCS website http www nrcs usda gov in the Soils link which leads to http soils usda gov The data can only be accessed in relatively Small sections 10 000 acres but provides valuable analytical tools to query the information 3 USGS also provides the same data
142. e added or deleted Minerals Sediment Phytoplankton Periphyton FoodWeb Parameters Physical Data Land Uses Snow ice Heat Light Canopy Litter Septic Sys Edit List Enter the name of the new land use unspecified Residential 7e Fig 6 3 Assigning a name to a new land use in WARMF 6 1 Importing the GIRAS land use data 1 Select File gt Import gt Land Use and open the GIRAS land use file reprojected in decimal degrees 2 Match the GIS Shapefile Field LUCODE to the WARMF Land Use Code parameter Fig 6 4 The LEVEL2 field has the land use description but WARMF uses the numerical value ArcView Shape File Fields Match the GIS shape file fields with the appropriate model coefficients None Selected v None Selected De gx Fig 6 4 Matching GIRAS shapefile field to WARMF land use parameter 3 In the next menu match the land use codes from GIRAS left column with those in WARMF right column Note that WARMF applies a default value of 68 1 which must be modified by the user Type in the corresponding WARMF land use in the rows Fig 6 5 For GIRAS Code 0 use WARMF code Q All codes must be modified in one step The complete list of GIRAS land use codes is presented in Table 6 2 Match land uses Eg Match the land use code ta the existing land use number 7 Rangeland 8 Forested Wetlant 9 Non forested el 10 Tundra 11 Barren 12 Resi
143. e CSV file with Excel For convenience the column headers were renamed in this example The data was first sorted by NPDES station then PARAM followed by MONITOR_DATE Fig 7 110 42Rr JZ Jr r Br 4h 21 we T ari 10 zB GA0021857 1 NPDES_ CONC UNIT CODE CONG AVG CONC MAX CONC MIN MONITOR DATE PARAM QTY AVG QTY MAX QUANT CODE GA0021857 GA0021857 R A z ia E OY GY G3 G lt p GI a HiS gt D Ascending Descending f Ascending Descending Pa eras a E Then by Ascend Descending My data range has Header row No header row GG G2 O39 069 GoGo ee AN e op Bs Tp BE oe AY fe ES ep es op a ep P s olelsislslelels elelale sls lel2 2 4 Fig 7 110 Sorting the CSV file 12 Records with no data were deleted e g all of NPDES GA0002542 GA0020893 GA0021857 and GA0047317 This left data only for GA0038466 A review of the PCS files downloaded by BASINS 4 0 confirmed that only this PCS had reported discharge 13 Use the Parameter Codes from Step 4 to identify those parameters of interest Note that parameter codes beginning with T indicate toxicity assays e g LC50 NOEL Parameters indicating removal e g BOD Suspended 135 Sediments are not directly useful You can also obtain the parameter codes at http oaspub epa gov enviro ad_hoc_build_sql1 get_table WARMEF requires the flow rate m s associated with a particular discharge and the load kg day and
144. e Cloud Cover Wind Speed Data Source 3 cm C cC C mbar mis 00 00 0 15 6111 26 1111 0 85 13 4444 1015 3 799 BASINS WDM 01 02 1985 00 00 1 9558 16 7222 25 6111 0 85 16 7222 1012 3 799 01 03 1985 00 00 4 1402 5 6111 18 2778 1 11 8889 1012 3 6649 01 04 1985 00 00 0 254 1 1111 7 2222 1 2 1012 5 4527 01 05 1985 00 00 0 1 1111 10 0 25 3 3889 1012 4 3354 01 06 1985 00 00 0 3 2778 12 7778 0 1 9444 1012 1 3408 01 07 1985 00 00 0 0 6111 16 1111 0 11 1 0556 1012 4 5588 01708 71985 00 00 0 1 1111 14 3889 0 02 0 9444 1012 2 3688 01 09 1985 00 00 0 0 10 6111 0 48 4 6667 1012 3 7096 01 10 1985 00 00 0 4 3889 7 2222 0 99 0 8333 1012 3 1286 nininagk NMAN n 11111 1A IRRA NR 1 IARA 101 2 ARR Fig 7 40 View of WARMF met file with daily values for Augusta GA airport 8 For hourly data you need to copy and paste the hours as well Fig 7 41 Use the same data for minimum and maximum temperature E Data Module aga File Edit Module Help Type of data Meteorology Graph Add Blank Rows to End of File P Insert or Delete Rows File name GA000495_hourly GA000495_hourly MET v lt Table Select Rows Ctrl Ins or Ctrl Del Name Augusta Airport hourly data Latitude 33 3667 Longitude 81 9667 00 00 1 6 2125 BASINS Y 01 01 1990 01 00 0 0762 13 2778 1 11111 1012 6 2125 BASINS Y 01 01 1990 02 00 0 12 2222 12 2222 1 9 3889 1012 8 1791 BASINS Y 01 01 1990 03 00 0 10 6111 10 6111 1 6 1111 1012 8 1791 BASINS 01 01 1990 04 00 0 9 3889 9 3889
145. e National Atmospheric Deposition Program NADP collects data for over 200 sites in the United States Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands The data includes wet deposition concentrations http nadp sws uiuc edu A GlS based interface at http epamap4 epa gov cmap viewer htm that provides similar data For this example data was downloaded from CASTNET and NADP Sets From the CASTNET website http www epa gov castnet select Data The website provides instructions on how to download the data From the CASTNET Query Wizard click on the Data Sets link and select the Dry Deposition dataset Fig 7 45 Click on Add Data Set U S Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Markets Data and Maps Recent Additions Contact Us Search All EPA This Area You are here EPA Home Clean Air Markets Dats and Maps Air co uality and Deposition Query Wizard Air Quality and Deposition K Select al T Was Rae mae seal CAMD CASTNET D amp M Help Fact Data Side Home Home Home Sheet Parameter Time Frame Select a Data Set H Quick Reports Data Sets Concentration from Filter Pack Dry deposition as calculated from a measured pollutant concentration and a g Dry Deposition modeled deposition velocity Prepackaged Data Meteorology Ozone Concentration Ozone Deposition Select one or more Total Deposition data sets Fig 7 45 View of CASTNET website Then click on the Parame
146. e ees IS a GO E G A e GA e ea a a a a a G Ge Ft wap a G eG ea a ai ee Ga EHE E E ee E E Bee ee eB ee SEErtRPREEEERFREEE ara moon A Feo oA A Fe KG oA AF SG TD oO A A SF Bo So A O o ooowF FHF oo anaes ooo O aa oa Ere practirve a Observe Fig 8 30 View of hydrograph after an initial hydrologic autocalibration Brushy Creek Flow cms AX Brier_practice Observed Compare Pts Relative Error Absolute Error RMS Error r squared E E Be E E E E E J amp 3 Pee 2 D 3 3 i 4 2 inay a A p 3 jer pract Observed Scatter Plot Frequency Distribution Cumulative Quantity Fig 8 31 View of flow statistics after an initial hydrologic autocalibration 184 11 To view the changes made by the autocalibration close the output screens then select Mode gt Input and then open the subcatchment menu selecting the Soil Hydrologic properties tab Fig 8 32 These are still the original parameter values Subcatchment 19 x Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Number of Soil Layers Hydrology y Scroll for other parameters gt Thickness Initial Field Sat Horizontal Vertical cm Moisture Capacity Moisture Cond cmi d Cond cmd PRAI 15 0 3 0 4 0 5 120000 120000 25 0 2 0 3 0 45 1200 1200 40 0 22 0 22 0 35 200 200
147. e needs to go back to the Query Options page and query the STORET Regular Results Fig 7 78 Before you do so note the organization names and the station numbers you are interested in Also note the characteristics you would like to download You may want to keep this list open by the query in a different browser tab Click on the link to Regular Results by Station or by Geographical Location The example will illustrate a query by station 9 Enter the organization name and a station number in the Search String box Fig 7 83 You can search for multiple stations 119 U S Environmental Protection Agency Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search GO EPA Home gt Water gt Wetlands Oceans amp Watersheds gt Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality gt STORET gt Data Warehouse Regular Results by Station stormod_ Station Select an Organization and a Search Type then enter a Search String and click Search Stations ORG ID ORGANIZATION NAME Search Type Search by Station ID Search by Station Name Search by Station Alias Select Station Alias Type STANDARD Search String 01013001 Fig 7 83 Searching for a specific STORET station in the database 10 From the next menu highlight the station and then click Select Fig 7 84 You can select several stations at once Select One or More Stations from the Organization Georgia Environmental Protection Divi
148. e time frames need to match so for this example you may need to use the sample met meteorology file for all catchments and use a time frame from 01 05 1999 to 03 02 2004 or shorter within these dates If you select starting or ending dates beyond this range when you run the simulation the model will inform you that there are Missing data in air file air Fig 7 58 In case of an error message close the model and verify your dates Note that there is a blank line in the sample air file on 03 09 2004 which creates the problem This serves to illustrate both the need to check the input file and that WARMF will flag these issues for you EE MODEL File Edit View State Window Help E Graphici WARMF Simulation Error Missing data in air file sample air Stop Program terminated Fig 7 58 Example of error message in WARMF for missing data 12 To automatically assign the air quality station s to the various catchments select File gt Import gt Air Quality Stations and select only the ones you want to import For the example do not select sample air Fig 7 59 You can double check several catchments to see that the new file has been assigned to them Import Data Files k OX Highlight files to be imported GAS153_GA20 AIR Fig 7 59 Selecting air quality files for import into WARMF and automatic assignment 105 13 You can view the location of the air quality station s in the Engineering modu
149. ect Folder 1 Transfer the folder with the reprojected shapefiles from Section 4 to the WARMF directory This directory IS likely under Program Files Systech WARMF The folder should be named differently than the watershed you are working on to avoid confusion with the folder that WARMF creates 2 Locate the WARMF file in your Start gt Programs directory to start the program and display the initial menu Fig 5 1 4 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Fills Lines Fig 5 1 Initial menu screen for WARMF version 6 2 3 Select from the top menu File gt New Fig 5 2 A blank sheet will appear af Watershed Anal Open Ctr o Exit Ctrh x Fig 5 2 Creating a new WARMEF project file 50 4 Select File gt Import gt Watershed gt Create Project Directory and then locate the root directory where the new folder will be created for the project e g C Program Files Systech WARMF and provide a new folder name e g Brier_practice and click Save You don t have to specify the type of file or folder to be saved Fig 5 3 NOTE Do NOT use the New Folder quick button in the standard windows Save As dialog that pops up If the quick button is used the appropriate files will not be copied to the new project directory n Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled Save in WARMF BrierCreek Sj sample air QCatawba i sample FLO Projected_dd ArcG
150. ed Make a Map Create a map of monitoring locations from STORET using either EnviroMapper for Water or Window to My Enviroment Data Logger Results Download a delimited text file of results reported to STORET from Automated Data Loggers These results which cannot yet be downloaded via the query options at the left will be in the form of a self extracting compressed file 450K which may be saved on disk and will expand when executed In its uncompressed form this file requires 14 8 MB of disk space Data Quality Documentation Select from among available reports which document the standards methods practices and other metadata supplied by data owners to Fig 7 78 Selecting options for querying the STORET database 4 From the menu select your Basin by HUC and name You can search by organization or by characteristic water quality parameter Fig 7 79 presents the result of a search by characteristic in Brier Creek Warehouse U S Environmental Protection Agency STORET Recan Addaions Contact Us Pant Version Search cc EPA Home gt Wabe gt Wotlands Gceang Wotersheds gt Menitonng and Asgesuing Water Gualty gt STORET gt Dala Results by Watershed Drainage Basin HUC 03060108 Briar Search By 5 Organization Characteristic Type 46 Gharactenstics 1807 Records Charaticttstic Type Selecta GatResuite Fig 7 79 Searching by characteristic in the STORET
151. ed Fields Calculate Additional Calculate Additional Stream Fields Watershed Fields Calculate Additional Outlet Merged Watershed Fields Fig 3 9 Adding intermediate output layers to the map view 12 Click Run All Depending on the watershed this could take a few minutes to a few hours You will see the viewer screen displaying the various intermediate files being generated 13 Once the processing is done the software returns to the main view where you can see the results of the delineation The files produced by the delineation are shown in the new group of layers denominated Terrain Analysis Fig 3 10 If you did not select some or all intermediate files to be Shown in the Advanced Settings box your view may be different Remember to save your project BASINS 4 Broiertreek fe Compute Analyss Models Edt View Plugins Watershed Delineation Shapefie Edror GIS Too Heb cc i Ams je d HOEA a Legend iM Terain Analvasis E Guild Merced Wil E E Watershed Shapefil O i Steam Reach Sha w HER Watershed Grid iwi IE aD grian Greer Grid EH TF grean Aane Grd H 1E Total Uoshope Leng HE IA Lonaeat Usalaoe le H 1 Sivabler Network rH TE DE Contrbutina Arete Ee Hydrology C NHO 03060708 ar C Reach File W1 ay O Catalogna Uni Co C O Accounting Unit Bo E Cataloging Unt Bo CO JE Observed Data Stations C Water Quality mO Water Quality Obese 0O WOM Weather Dat C Weather Station Sa F
152. egular basis and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future Downloads performed for the same sites may differ over time as a result of the addition of new data by their owners Fig 7 77 Selecting STORET databases Legacy and Modernized 116 3 There are several options for querying the database To search for stations it may be easiest to query the Summary of Results by Watershed Fig 7 78 Follow the next link to the Watershed Summary Query Options STORET Warehouse Watershed Summary Summary of Results by Watershed STORET Station Descriptions Stations by Ge yraphic Location Stations by Organization and Station ID STORET Regular Results Non Biological Physical and Chemical Result Data Regular Results by Geographic Location Regular Results by Station STORET Biological Results Biological Results by Geographic Location Biological Results by Station Biological Result STORET Habitat Results Habitat Results by Geographic Location Habitat Results by Station Tell Us What You Think What s New with the STORET Data Warehouse This page offers information about the recent changes made to STORET Warehouse How to Query and Download Data This exercise gives step by step instructions on how to generate download export to Microsoft Excel or Access and analyze a data query from the STORET Data Warehouse as well as the new Watershed Summary Adobe Acrobat Reader requir
153. el 22 To process the data for import into WARMF you may want to delete columns not needed then sort the records by characteristic and ascending date Fig 7 90 Remember to keep the station name latitude and longitude perhaps in a header so that you can later import this information to WARMF E Microsoft Excel Data_BRC_20070914_131408_RegResults tet e Edt vew Insert Format To Data Window Hep ia Station ID Staton Mane Station Latitude Slaton Longiwde 2 101 3001 Brier Creek Millhaven ae OSS H1 651 Resuli Value as Tesi Units fe scending Descending fim asganding C Descending i Then by a Ascending il Desie biy data range h s E Header pow C Ho header rom 101 65 MPH 21 5 8 2002 1 13 46 Es 57 3 MPN 22 12 13 2002 10 15 Cy ponon Ok i 6100 mg l 23 12 13 2002 10 15 CL 24 7 24 2002 13 37 DH 7 2 None Fig 7 90 Sorting the records in Excel 23 Format the Activity Start dates in mm yy dddd using the Custom format option 123 24 Note that you do not need to enter missing dates i e it is not necessary to have a uniform frequency of data records but you do need to remove text records such as non detect Fig 7 91 One approach is to assign 0 5 x Detection Limit unless it is certain that the value is zero In some cases e g calcium it is difficult to believe the correct value is non detect which means some subjectivity in the interpretati
154. eprojected as indicated in Section 4 Make sure the land use data is in the same decimal degree projection as the Watershed Delineation otherwise the results will not make sense By default WARMF 6 2 considers 14 land uses Table 6 1 The user can add or delete land uses Since land use classifications vary considerably it may require some subjective decision making to match the classification in a given land use with an appropriate WARMF land use If the land use in question represents a considerable fraction for the region of interest or may result in significant local loading of the pollutants of concern then it may be best to create a new category and modify the parameter values accordingly Table 6 1 Initial WARMF 6 2 land use codes WARMF Land Use Code Description O Not Used 1 Deciduous Forest 2 Coniferous Forest 3 Mixed Forest 4 Orchard 5 Cropland Pastureland 6 Confined Feeding Lots 7 Rangeland 8 Forested Wetland 9 Non forested Wetland 10 Tundra 11 Barren 12 Residential 13 Commercial ndustrial 14 Water If one or more of the WARMF land uses are not present in the watershed e g no Tundra present in Brier Creek it is recommended to remove it from the list of land uses in WARMF prior to data import To remove a land use category double click on the white space outside of the watershed map to open the System Coefficients dialog Select the Land Uses tab Fig 6 1 66 System Coefficients E4 Minerals sediment Phyt
155. es To All vi Write Output To File Vs Fig 8 32 View of default soil hydrology parameter values after hydrologic autocalibration As mentioned before calibration takes time and patience plus strategy Good input data is key for achieving a good calibration This example was meant to illustrate the steps but it may not represent the best strategy 8 6 Additional Resources The intent of this guide is to provide a tutorial for setting up a WARMF project by importing a watershed delineation and available data sets from BASINS 4 0 and other national databases The setup is just the first step To successfully adapt WARMEFE to a watershed additional data import calibration and analysis is required It is recommended that these steps be performed by someone with hydrology and or water quality expertise Additional information on WARMF is available in the accompanying Technical Documentation Chen et al 2001 and User s Guide Chen et al 2000 Also please contact Systech Engineering for additional information http www systechengineering com WARMFTechSupport htm or WARMF_Help systechengineering com 186 References Chen C W J Herr and L Weintraub 2000 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF User s Guide Publication No 1000729 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Chen C W J Herr and L Weintraub 2001 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF Update One A
156. es the daily cloud cover DCLO and daily wind speed DWIN have already been computed and are available as constituents thus you can simply add those to your workspace The units are simply as a reminder but it is a good idea to add them if Known Unfortunately the menu does not have tenths for the cloud cover or mph for wind speed You can change the names to indicate daily 19 You should have 6 daily records It is easier if they are sorted in this order PREC TMIN TMAX DCLO DEWP and DWIN Select the six daily records and use the Table tool to generate the table with daily values You may want to change the start and end dates In the example the start is 1985 01 01 Fig 7 17 The date must be selected after you highlight the records or it resets to the longer period WDMUtil ga File Tools Scenarios Locations Constituents Time Series Help Scenarios Locations Constituents 0 of 1 All None 1 of 10 All None 5 of 16 All None OBSERVED GA000435 GA002479 Time Series 11 of 166 available time series in list 6 not on WDM file 6 selected H 4 4 4 All None Type File DSN Scenario Location Constituent Start 5JDay End EJDay WDM ga 51 OBSERVED GA000495 PREC 1970 1 1 40587 1996 12 31 50449 WDM qa 53 OBSERVED GAQ00495 ATEM 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 58 OBSERVED GAQ00495 CLOU 1970 1 1 4058 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 5 OBSERVED GA000495 DEWP 1970 1 1 4058 1995 12
157. f type Datasets and Layers lyr Cancel Fig 7 152 STASTGO muid grid file and associated tables 158 6 You may need to change the symbology to Unique Values using the MUID field Fig 7 153 Layer Properties 1 General Source Extent Display Symbology Fields Joins amp Relates Show Draw raster assigning a color to each value Import Value Field r Color Scheme ma z 7 LM lt all other values gt lt all other values gt lt Heading gt MUID Hy ato ALOOL 869 a avcoz ALoo2 53 _Jatoos ALOO3 243 _ J atoo4 ALOO4 230 HE oos ALOOS 607 J atooe ALOOS 1054 A atoo7 ALOO 270 v Remove Default Colors Display NoData as Fig 7 153 Editing the symbology for the MUID file 7 Note that this data is in grid format so the pixels may be more noticeable Fig 7 154 fie ca yew peet Selection Tools Window tiio ogee Br 2 amp frase 3f Sar Y QQuinr eew Pir OU x x Se k ni fect ooon 3D Ansys Tools Arvbysis Toots Carto agiry Toots Conversion Tools Data Interop ability Took tes Data Management Took Gading tok amp Gaata Anahit Took Lear Referencing Took Tracking Analyst Toots Fig 7 154 Spatial view of STASTGO muid grid file 8 Open the attributes table of muid to view the fields Fig 7 155 You should close it before the next steps S Attributes of muid fas Fst ota aot nF a aT 1000 ALW W
158. for the time period simulated One can then begin to understand the sources of the loads in this watershed that contribute to river water quality Click Cancel to return to the Consensus Module screen Bree pract Stream Bank Erosion Stream Bank Erosion Total Loading gt Loading per Area coo co c co cc co O Fig 8 14 View of average daily nitrate loads by land use and activity kg d In addition to the Loading analysis WARMF can assess the achievement of water quality objectives throughout the watershed One can assign designated uses for different water bodies in the watershed in step 3 Click on the Designated Uses to open the screen Fig 8 15 Designated Use Enter the designated uses below and select the rivers and reservoirs on the map to which each applies Fig 8 15 View of screen for entering designated uses 176 Type in drinking water supply in the pull down menu Fig 8 16 and then either select a few river segments in the main stem of Brier Creek or select Edit gt Select Rivers Fig 8 17 to select all river segments Designated Use Enter the designated uses below and select the tivers and reservoirs on the map to which each applies drinking water supply Fe Re Fig 8 16 Entering a specific designated use Watershed Analysis Risk Management Fra View Mode Scenario Docu Moc Cut Shift Del Copy Ctrl Ins Delete Ctri Del Select Catchments Select Rivers
159. formation By Use All Uses w Intro to Soils Suitabilities and Limitations for Use Properties and Qualities Ratings lt 5 Soil Map Open All Close All El l El Grale notio scale Soil Chemical Properties a Soil Erosion Factors Soil Physical Properties Soil Qualities and Features Water Features Fig 7 143 View of Soil Properties and Qualities tab in the Soil Data Explorer 9 Opening the Soil Chemical and Physical Properties legends provides the details on the data available Fig 7 144 153 Area of interest AOI Properties and Qualities Ratings pH 1 to 1 Water Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR Soil Erosion Factors _ eae Water a Available Water Supply 0 to 100 cm Available Water Supply 0 to 150 cm Available Water Supply 0 to 25 cm Available Water Supply 0 to 50 cm Bulk Density 15 Bar Bulk Density One Tenth Bar Bulk Density one Toe Bar Percent Clay Percent Sand Plasticity Index Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Ksat Saturated Ahea Conductivity Ksat Standard Fig 7 144 View of available soil chemical and physical properties in the database 10 Click on a property such as Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity You are provided with a description and a system for rating this property for the AOI Note that you need to select a depth range for this property Fig 7 145 For most watersheds the depth of interest is a few meters You can also select
160. hapefile with PCS locations From the File gt Download Data menu select PCS discharge to download data for point sources Fig 7 99 The files are in CSV comma separated value format and are downloaded to a pcs folder in the BASINS project The instructions below can help to decipher the various columns in this file Step 5 in Section 7 6 2 In addition to the CSV files BASINS 4 0 also downloads DBF database files that contain older data which may be useful for some projects 2 PCS data can also be downloaded directly from the following website http www epa gov enviro html pcs adhoc html More detailed discharge monitoring report DMR data may be available directly from regulatory agencies or stakeholder groups BASINS Web Data Download File Help BASINS Project c Basins data 03060108 Select Data Types to Download BASINS 303d Census DEM DEMG NED NHD GIRAS landuse Legacy STORET BASINS Meteorological WDM STATSGO for BASINS SWAT National Hydrography Dataset NHDinGEO National Land Cover Database NLCD Modernized STORET USGS Daily Streamflow USGS Streamflow Measurements USGS Water Quality Select All Select None Cancel Fig 7 99 Downloading PCS Discharge data via BASINS 4 0 7 6 2 Downloading data directly from USEPA s PCS system 1 Go to the PCS website http www epa gov enviro html pcs adhoc html which provides a Customized Query Engine Fig 7 100
161. his stage However after the delineation step the resulting Shapefiles need to be in decimal degrees for importing into WARMF Section 4 Therefore it is important to make note of the projection that was selected during the BASINS 4 0 project setup EE SAR EE AQ A A i Ai ia shp smh oa PEE i S g 4 CE ES Fo i l _ Projection Properties POX 3050107 7 104 Va S a ustom we 30504 40 Standard Cust 305016 ad a i 8 De S l Projections ofthe United States Category i 3050149 m erie Albers Equal Area Conterminous U S ie 3 a S Spheroid ers s a Central Meridian Reference Latitude Standard Parallel 1 ie 3080 0a 04 S ba g A n 30603 Standard Parallel 2 False Easting False Northing f i Tie 0 4 me J ty sak YQ FF P NE F W Ae egend Preview n 1009 3430012 Taina ha X 1239045 627 Y 1380971407 Meters X 1239 046 Y 1380 971 Kilometers Fig 2 5 Selecting the projection for the imported data 7 The BASINS software proceeds to download the core data for the HUC and displays the watershed and some of the spatial data in the viewer section Fig 2 6 The cataloging unit watershed boundary the major rivers and streams Reach File and the state boundaries are shown You can explore many of the other datasets downloaded at this stage BASINS 4 BrierCreek Fie Cor npute Analysis
162. i See Wi FOP E RRRGs fens Fig 3 26 View of mean sin Aspect by catchment Next use the Spatial Analyst gt Math gt Trigonometric gt ATan2 tool to calculate the arctangent of the mean cos and sin values Fig 3 27 The order of these input rasters is very important cosine is 1 sine is 2 Input raster or constant value 1 ae 4 meanCos_as X S S Samples Input raster or constant value 2 iy Server Tools meansin_as Bs Spatial Analyst Tools amp Conditional Output raster H amp Density C BASINS data data 03060108 ned ATan2_means amp S Distance amp S Extraction amp S Generalization amp S Groundwater E amp Hydrology amp S Interpolation amp S Local H Map Algebra amp Math amp S Bitwise amp S Logical amp S Trigonometric J acos amp CosH 2 Sin BSH tan gt J Tanh Fig 3 27 Using Atan2 tool to calculate the arctangent of the mean aspect 14 Using the Spatial Analyst gt Zonal gt Zonal Statistics as Table tool create a table in a database file with the arctangent values The input feature is the Watershed Delineation shapefile the zone field is the Polygon ID catchment ID number In this case the input raster is the raster with the mean arctangent values e g ATan2_means For the output database file choose a suitable name and add the extension dbf Fig 3 28 38 g Samples Server Tools amp S Spatial Analyst
163. ick on the Number of Stations e g 6 stations link to view the station information Fig 7 82 This provides you with information about the period of record as well as the types of water quality parameters available for each Station For more specific details click on any link This provides you with the information about the stations in your watershed Hydrologic Unit Code 03060108 21GAEPD Georgia Environmental Protection Division 6 Stations Station Information 01012201 Brier Creek at State Road 17 near Thomson 01 28 2002 12 17 2002 316 Records 26 Metal 34 Nutrient 12 Other 244 Physical 01012401 Reedy Creek at State Road 4 near Wrens 01 28 2002 12 17 2002 316 Records 26 Metal 34 Nutrient 12 Other 244 Physical 01012591 Brushy Creek at Campground Road nr Wrens Georgia 01 28 2002 12 17 2002 316 Records 26 Metal 34 Nutrient 12 Other 244 Physical 01012801 Brier Creek at State Road 56 near Waynesboro Georgia 01 30 2002 12 19 2002 300 Records 26 Metal 36 Nutrient 12 Other 226 Physical 01013001 Brier Creek Millhaven 01 16 2001 12 13 2002 415 Records 104 Metal 54 Microbiological 69 Nutrient 23 Other 165 Physical 01013351 Beaverdam Creek at State Road 73 near Sylvania 01 08 2002 12 17 2002 144 Records 21 Nutrient 7 Other 116 Physical Fig 7 82 Information about stations including water quality parameters monitored 8 Apparently to download the data on
164. ients a E GE n E a Fig 6 7 Matching NLCD shapefile field to WARMF land use parameter 3 In the next menu match the land use codes from NLCD left column with those in WARMF right column Type in the corresponding WARMF land use in the rows Fig 6 8 All codes must be modified in one step The complete list of NLCD land use codes is presented in Table 6 3 Table 6 3 Key to NLCD Land Cover Classification System Rev July 20 1999 Category NLCD Description Code Water 11 Open Water 12 Perennial ce Snow Developed 21 Low Intensity Residential 22 High Intensity Residential 23 Commercial ndustrial Transportation Barren 31 Bare Rock Sand Clay 71 Quarries Strip Mines Gravel Pits Transitional Forested Deciduous Forest Evergreen Forest Mixed Forest Shrub land Shrub land Non natural Orchards Vineyards Other Woody Grasslands Herbaceous Herbaceous Pasture Hay Planted Cultivated Row Crops Small Grains Fallow Urban Recreational Grasses Parks Woody Wetlands Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands Wetlands Match land uses Match the land use code to the existing land use number Code Land Uses 1 Deciduous 2 Coniferous 3 Mixed Forest 4 Orchard 5 Cropland Pastur b Confined Feedinc 7 Rangeland a Forested Wretlanc Fig 6 8 Matching NLCD land use codes to WARMF land use codes 4 Click OK Since WARMF must process the shapefile and ass
165. iewshed E amp S Zonal Fig 3 19 Selecting the Aspect tool 5 The Input raster is the elevation dataset NED in this example Fig You can keep or change the output file name Input raster 1030601 08ned tif Output raster CABASINS dataldats 03060108 ned Aspect_o30601 3 20 35 Fig 3 20 Aspect tool menu 6 After clicking OK the new raster is displayed Fig 3 21 If one computes the mean aspect based on this dataset the output will not be the true mean aspect One has to do more processing to obtain the mean aspect Fle Edt View peet Eelection Took Winder Hele 1SeS Oe 9 thew ig eBOw AQurHSe FIR OMS x N E i Layers Rp retro Anat Tooke CD ied iega e Bip Samples l E wir ried cho IE 15 are Teds ghi Spia Arhat Took TERHET Dansky Deane Eat beat ere a EET a ei a Hekaa Trier penal FF i 4 Mhir hed Walle Creerday pe High 2a4r4l Rasher Creation i a Failis L s i 21474 Ry Solar Baisiai Airt Fig 3 21 Display of aspect in degrees calculated for each grid point 7 Using the Spatial Analyst gt Math gt Times tool multiply the Aspect raster by 0 01745329 Fig 3 22 This converts the aspect from degrees to radians by multiplying by 7z 180 T Timi Input raster in onila waua i p dorset Oe gt ar ea ee Intenscleton jadra oe Lyca i Hiap Algehra Chipul rater Candea bika a e Times aspect we OR
166. ig 3 42 View of converted elevations in River Network DBF file iJ gile Edit View Insert Format Records Tools Window Help Me AE M A i 20743 8 103719 29897 4 253206 22 31622 7 30760 1 31 32 A5007 4 37452 4 31 15 465316 A5769 5 42 9 569470 5 57238 9 42 96 524584 2 36614 22 81 53312 52898 1 37 33 62675 57679 6 39 02 A7aaN RAARD A A2 RA 15 69000766 12 1568353626 10 271212141 14 464097639 6392555246 27 604938935 30 2657 79087 6 4275760543 15 29669396 11 RNTIGATIA o000 0 28 mi 3 9 7 This is a good time to double check other River Network values calculated automatically by the delineation such as river length mean width mean depth and mean slope If you need to make corrections to the values calculated by BASINS it may be best to use the Excel spreadsheet as a work pad and then paste the correct values back in the DBF file 8 Save the DBF file and close it 46 4 Reprojecting shapefiles for import to WARMF Three shapefiles will be imported into WARMF the Watershed Delineation the corresponding River Network and the desired Land use dataset clipped to the extent of the delineation Since there are many different projections that could be used WARMF was designed to import the shapefiles in decimal degrees i e in a geographical coordinate system The conversion can be done in BASINS 4 0 in ArcGIS 9 2 or any other suitable GIS software 4 1 Reprojection using ArcG
167. ign values by 5 catchment it may take from minutes to several hours depending on the size of the watershed and the resolution of the land use data To view the imported data select any catchment and double click it Then select the Land Uses tab Fig 6 9 72 Subcatchment 34 Fig 6 9 Percent of each land use for a catchment in Brier Creek using NLCD data 6 At this point save your work by selecting Scenario gt Save in the main menu 73 7 Importing Time Series Data into WARMF Time series data includes meteorology air quality lake reservoir managed releases point source discharge and managed diversions or returns of water to the stream and river network For hydrology simulation required data includes meteorology and managed flow reservoir releases if a lake or reservoir is present For water quality simulation an air quality file is required and point sources files are recommended if the watershed contains significant dischargers For calibration observed hydrology USGS gaging and reservoir elevation and observed water quality files should be created As described in Section 2 BASINS provides an automatic data download menu to download several types of time series data Other data is available over the internet from various sources Table 7 1 summarizes the data and possible sources The downloaded files need to be converted to WARMF s file formats through the WARMF Data Module The following section
168. il Reports tab and then Soil Physical Properties in the legend Fig 7 148 you can generate a table with several useful parameter values for your watershed model Fig 7 149 Intro to Soils Soil Reports Open All Close All AOI Inventory Building Site Development Construction Materials Land Classifications Land Management Recreational Development Sanitary Facilities Soil Chemical Properties Soil Erosion Soil Physical Properties Engineering Properties Physical Soil Properties AOT inventory CB Options Include Minor Soils View Description View Soil Report Age gt o Fig 7 148 Selecting a specific soil report for the AOI Report Physical Soil Properties Burke County Georgia Map symbol and Depth Sand Silt Clay Moist Saturated Available Linear extensibility Organic Erosion factors Wind erodibility Wind erodibility soil name bulk hydraulic water matter f group index density conductivity capacity Kw K T In Pct Pct Pct g cc micro m sec In In Pct Pct ChA Chipley sand 0 to 2 percent slopes Chipley 0 6 1 5 1 35 42 00 141 00 0 05 0 10 0 0 2 9 2 0 5 0 10 10 5 1 220 1 45 6 80 S 1 7 1 45 42 00 141 00 0 03 0 08 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 5 10 10 1 60 CoD Cowarts loamy sand 8 to 12 percent slopes Cowarts 0 10 3 10 1 30 14 00 42 00 0 06 0 10 0 0 2 9 0 5 2 0 18 15 4 2 134 1 70 10 32 25 40 1 30 1 40 14 00 0 10 0 16 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 5 28 28 1 50 3
169. ile 17 BASINS 4 BrierCreek_DEMG A ox r Shapefie Edtor GIS Took Hep El Attribute Table Editor ft x Edt Vew Seecton Took EE Sa er Dalsi Selecta E Eincins date o IDGO 10d damian diniinan E Eira shp SHAPE PobgoniD SirsamLlink SireamLlen DOS amp MadeiD DSWSID USTWSID US2WSID Arsa M Amo Ace Area SoMi AveSiopa E 0 20 2 mn i 16 sd I 2701 VSB MAOI 17 567905 1 16 4 3250 1 VF 7 33560753 AAAS 12357259 1412054 Pa T3 3 Vs 1 17 1 1 Ana SATE S660 Soe __ jE ad 7 vat 1 F 1 i BASSAS 21551955 MEAE 1590194 4 zJ re 1 E 1 SASA 14354179 22420405 15590434 5 z2 a 3315 1 14 1 1 SIO 15336 2S Teed G 15 Hi Visas i t 16 a BS iA 2675053 19 SM7 7 W 5 4555 1 16 18 E 12635623 JII G9 4 BSeeS 19326762 a 16 6 ae 1 15 TF z0 ATS JELIS 4 zoel t 1 10 3012 1 15 i i BSS 1558000 M15025 TT Sere Ww 14 12 afk 1 l4 15 ae 24 BOR eae 14 ee Ti 26 W wE T 0 1 1 SU5SESs TOR SRS 1103077 14545772 F m Uses Gage E O Bacteria m C Weather Station Ar C Sm ee ee ee ee ee pe e si Legend ja Premama Map TIDES Y TIEMIE J14 Moters X TIENE Y TIEUA Kiomeiiry Fig 3 13 Attribute Table of the watershed delineation For now save your project If you intend to do another delineation using the NED data Section 3 1 save this project with a different name The delineation files using the DEMG information are saved in the demg folder of the corresponding BASINS 4
170. illion coliforms ha WARMF divides the monthly load by the number of days in the month to compute the daily load which is uniform throughout the month To study the change in load from year to year you would need to run the model one year at a time and then join the output from each one 161 Land Use Cropland Pasture Confined Feeding Ammonia kg ha N Rangeland 2 1 Aluminum kg ha Forested Wetland 0 0 Calcium kgiha Non forested Wetlan 0 0 Magnesium kg ha 0 0 0 0 Potassium kg ha 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Sodium kgiha 0 0 0 0 Sulfate kgfha 0 0 0 0 Nitrate kg ha N 0 0 0 0 Chloride kgiha 0 0 0 0 Phosphate kg ha P 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 Albalinths Latha Pa OAND i AA i 9A 1n AeA 1n 8A 1 Fig 7 161 Selecting land uses within the Land Application tab The default values provide a starting point but should be reviewed in detail once you begin calibrating water chemistry There are no general national datasets that can be used for providing direct input into WARMF The following section provides some approaches for updating the default values 7 8 1 Data sources Some useful data sources include L Although there are no datasets within BASINS 4 0 that provide land application data the PLOAD model can provide some estimates of non point loads based on annual precipitation land use and some Best Management Practices BMPs Follow the instructions in the BASINS help manual to use PLOAD U
171. imate a Soil Erosivity Factor Fig 7 130 The clay content and soil texture information can be used to approximate the surface particle content Subcatchment 32 Poin Sources Pumping Sep Sys Reactors Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL We2 Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Apphcation Irigation Sediment BMP s SoilEroswty Factor 0 2 Surtace Pac Content Appy Changes To Solent Apply Changes To All Write Output To Fike we am Po Fig 7 130 Viewing the sediment parameters for a catchment 4 There is no script to import this data from BASINS 4 0 to WARMF One option for viewing the STATSGO data on a catchment basis using the delineation is to do some minor processing in ArcGis 9 2 Open a project in ArcGis 9 2 see section 2 3 for details on creating an ArcGis project and add the statsgo shp file to your project Add also the delineation shapefile if this is a new project Then add the statsgoc dbf and the statsgol dbf files The display will not change but they are then available for joining with the Sstatsgo dbf file 5 Using the ArcToolbox select Data Management Tools gt Joins gt Add Join In the Join menu select the statsgo as the first Layer Name or Table View MUID as the Input Join Field statsgoc as the Join Table and MUID again as the Output Join Field Fig 7 131 Repeat for the statsgol database file You can view the attribute table of
172. ine can be viewed The datasets can be seen in the Legend by scrolling down to the bottom to the Soil Land Use Cover group These three files will have to be merged into one and then clipped as explained in Section 2 2 BASINS 4 BrierCreek Mata Shapefile Editor ute Analysis Models Edit View rshed Delineation mo WDM Weath m Weather Stat t USGS Gaae m Bacteria bd 0O Weather SttO T NAWQA Stu O EC Point Sources amp Permit Comp He Political 0O Urban Area County Nam m County Boun L EPA Region L W State Bound O 1 Urban Area O AL Transportation Maior Roads v FM Soil Land Use C O Ecoreaqions Land Use n O Managed Ar O O State Sol OF aM Land Use at W mam Land Use au aM Land Usesal KE Legend ul Preview M E X 1295047 159 Y 1178819 956 Meters X 1295 047 Y 1178 82 Kilometers Fig 2 13 Display of GIRAS land use data 16 Download the NLCD dataset from the main menu after selecting File gt Download Data A menu will indicate the regions to download You will notice that this dataset is by states and that the BASINS software automatically selects the states it will need for the watershed project in this case Georgia Fig 2 14 Click OK to begin the download and Finish to return to the viewer As with the NED files the NLCD files are quite large and require several minutes of post pro
173. ine width of 0 Then click OK to exit this menu and again OK to exit the Symbol Properties menu 24 Symbol Selector Category All v Preview Green Blue Sun Options l z Fill Color H Hollow Lake Rose Dutline Width 5 gq E E Outline Color Beige Yellow Olive Zit Als o fa fat UE OGOUCEOGCOEA AHE N mi p imimiminminmini E g nase L LELLE Piee eee eee G Jad BI sits j P Be BBB Eee eeee Save FF fogmseguion fF a BEEDCGSESEES x MELLLLLCELE More Colors Fig 2 34 Eliminating the color for the outline 12 The clipped NLCD land use layer is displayed The GRIDCODES refer to the NLCD codes for each land use Fig 2 35 The conversion table for the GRI DCODES is presented in Section 6 Save your ArcGis project gt BrierCreek mxd ArcMap Arcinfo File Edit Yiew Insert Selection Tools Window Help OsehS SOx oe gf Zi MGOnr QQurur es Sock ease ArcToolbox 3D Analyst Tools amp Analysis Tools GRIDCOL amp Extract Mi F Clip M21 F Select Mi 22 F Split E 23 2 Table Select M31 amp S Overlay E 32 Bp Proximity M33 Statistics 41 GE Cartography Tools Mi 42 Conversion Tools E 43 amp S From Raster Mi si Raster to ASCII Mi 2 Raster to Float Miss Raster to Point Mio
174. inntabesasuustden EE a 107 Ted Data SOURCES ven etches kote aches Add eev eee eidos ee eet at eternal ie et 107 7 3 2 Downloading data from USGS NWIS website cc ceee cece eee eens 107 7 3 3 Importing USGS DV files into WARMEF cccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 111 7 4 Observed Waller Quality vic isisatsatnid inia AA AAAA 115 tees Data SOUPCESs won zcebereisusenesesmeudadedeaceneenteusecuiveadesentacuecmrarueseedadt 115 7 4 2 Downloading data directly from USEPA s STORET system 116 7 4 2 Importing Observed Water Quality data into WARMF 125 Fo Managed FIOW 2 scsekiiecenduacterrectesaaeredie he rE Er rE 126 Tlen E Data SOUP CCS moari ie e e Ee E A A ET ANR 126 7 5 2 Importing Managed Flow data into WARMPF cseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 127 FO POE SOUT CE Cale viivsiscincvenay a O EEr 129 LO Data SOUCO S eee nantes acca sen iroan nies iamnien a e eN 129 7 6 2 Downloading data directly from USEPA s PCS system 129 7 6 2 Importing Point Source data into WARMEF ccccseeeeeeeeeeeeees 137 Pade SONS Daa roeren ek etna ving mia wa eee aout neh eee te eae 140 The L Data SOURCCS raa a A s ee ae T dees eneeeacaee 143 7 7 2 Obtaining additional soils information using BASINS 4 0 145 7 7 3 Obtaining soils information via USDA s NRCS Soils database 150 7 7 4 Obtaining soils information from the USGS cccccce eee ee eee e ees 157 7S LANG
175. iphyton FoodWeb Parameters Mineral Name Reaction Product meq mole Hornblende Select Hornblende A Chiorite Potassium Mica Feldspar v Sulfate Mol weight g mole 939 Chloride m Phosphate Weathering rate 1 yr 0 002 pH Dependence 0 5 Org Carbon 25600 Inorg Carbon Oxygen mg mole Alkalinity Fig 7 124 View of Minerals information in the System Coefficients 142 The Inorganic Carbon tab provides three different options for calculating the Total Inorganic Carbon TIC in a soil layer Fig 7 125 The atmospheric equilibrium option considers Henry s law and is the preferred option Consult the WARMF Help Menu in this location for information on the other options Every screen in WARMF has a Help menu that can provide additional information Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Number of Soil Layers 9 Inorganic Carbon x Atmospheric Equilibrium Atmospheric Equilibrium Apply Changes To Selected Apply Changes To All v Write Output To File Fig 7 125 Selecting the method for calculating total inorganic carbon in groundwater 7 7 1 Data sources There are several sources for soils data including some limited data downloadable via BASINS as well as data from the National Resource Conservation Service NR
176. is E sample MET Reprojected_BASINS_dd E sample orc Coefficient File Key pdf Si sample ORH E Entity rge E sample pts E INSTALL LOG stavshp dll Imodel exe 3 stdialog dil lt File name Brier_practice Save as type v Cancel Fig 5 3 Creating the project directory for the new WARMF project 5 A message appears to indicate that A new WARMF project directory was created Fig 5 4 Click OK C Program Files Systech WARMF Brier_pr E4 Ld Anew WARMF project directory 2 was created Fig 5 4 Confirmation that a new WARMF project directory has been created 6 Make careful note of the new project directory location This is the directory where all of the WARMF input data files e g meteorology point sources etc should be stored It is also the location where WARMF will write the output files for simulations Four files are added to every project model exe untitled coe untitled con and warmf hlp 51 5 2 Importing the Watershed Delineation into WARMF 1 Select File gt Import gt Watershed gt Catchment Layer to locate the Watershed Delineation file Fig 5 5 You can use either the DEMG or NED delineation but all the other shapefiles have to correspond to this delineation Once you locate the reprojected Watershed Delineation shapefile in decimal degrees click Open ee Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled Wis Edt To
177. is 9 2 1 Open your ArcGIS project If they are not yet added to the project add the Watershed Delineation with the aspect data if your watershed has significant snowfall the name is either HUCdemgw shp or HUCnedw shp where HUC is the 8 digit HUC code the River Network either HUCdemgnet shp or HUCnednet shp Fig 4 1 and the clipped GIRAS or NLCD shapefile dd Data Look in E ned bd i ala 03060108ned bmp 030601 08nedord bmp 4 03060108nedsrc tif 03060108ned tif 03060108nedord tif ga 03060108nedtlen bmp 03060108nedad8 bmp 4 03060108nedp bmp 24 03060108nedtlen tif 03060108nedad8 tif g 03060108nedp tif 4 03060108nedw bmp 03060108nedfel bmp HA 03060108nedplen bmp g 03060108nedw tiF 03060108nedfel tif ga 03060108nedplen tif B 03060108nedw csv 030601 08nedgord bmp ga 03060108nedsd8 bmp E 03060108nedw shp 03060108nedgord tif 44 03060108nedsd8 tif EJ 03060108nedw_merged O3060108nednet shp 03060108nedsrc bmp H aspect_O030601 gt Name 030601 08nednet shp Show of type Datasets and Layers Iyr z Cancel Fig 4 1 Location of watershed delineation and river network files 2 Open the Data Management Tools gt Projections and Transformations gt Feature gt Project and select the first input shapefile Note that the original coordinate system is selected automatically Select an appropriate name for the output file which will remind you that this is reprojected to decimal degrees Fig
178. l groups of catchments each group with a different minimum and maximum range and adjusted independently However this would require many more runs so it is best to calibrate one group at a time Group catchments that are likely to have similar soil characteristics e g permeability soil moisture retention meteorology and would have a similar hydrologic response Some typical ranges for parameter values are shown in Fig 8 28 Adjust the number of soil layers to 5 since all layers have to be considered in the autocalibration 182 Autocalibration Coefficients Catchment Groups Group 1 Add a Group lelet j Saat aa A ene eet Click on the map to add remove catchments in the group Number of soil layers 5 Initial Moisture Fig 8 28 Selecting ranges for hydrologic autocalibration catchment coefficients Note the selected catchment in the background and in the Catchment IDs section 5 Note that if you adjust any of the soil moisture retention parameters field capacity initial soil moisture and saturation you need to select them all all on or all off If you do not want to vary a specific parameter you can select a maximum increment of zero Once you have selected the range for the various parameters and checked them click OK 6 A subwatershed boundary was added at Brushy Creek to limit simulation run to this region This boundary can later be deleted but it saves time to simulate
179. le by selecting View gt Air Quality Stations and then View gt Labels so that they are both checked Fig 7 60 Watershed Analysis Risk Management t MYS Mode Scenario Docu Zoom E Zoom In Zoom Out Restore Map Tributary Connections Entity ID s Subwatersheds Meteorology Stations Gaging Stations Water Quality Stations Managed Flow Point Sources v Air Quality Stations Scale Pictures v Labels Fig 7 60 Selecting Air Quality Stations for viewing in the map 14 Since the Georgia station is further south you need to select View gt Zoom Out Fig 7 61 Ny Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files Systech a File Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Sal JES 5 Ple a Fa 2 4 2 Georgia CASTNET GAS153 and NADP GA20 Fig 7 61 Displaying Air Quality Stations in the map view 15 Save your WARMF project 106 7 3 Observed Hydrology 7 3 1 Data sources Observed hydrology is used to calibrate the hydrologic simulations in WARMF The USGS monitors streamflow for a large number of locations in the USA In some watersheds additional flow records are available from various stakeholders State and local agencies may also collect data and make it available through their online services USGS flow data is available from the following sources e BASINS 4 0 can serve to import a shapefile with the location of many USGS gage stations in the watershed and also imports the st
180. lecting the Raster to Polygon conversion tool 5 The Input Raster is the NLCD file the Field is Value and you can name the output file appropriately Fig 2 30 Note that there will be two more processes so this is not the final file name Input raster georgia_clip _ projected tif x Field optional Value X Output polygon features C BASINS data 03060108 nicd brier_nicd shp v Simplify polygons Fig 2 30 Raster to Polygon conversion tool menu 6 Click OK and wait for the processing Since these are large files it takes a few seconds to minutes 7 To reduce the file size it is recommended that you clip the shapefile Use the Clip tool Fig 2 25 to do the clipping Fig 2 31 Input Features Brier_NLCD X a Clip Features Eat 7 a Output Feature Class C BASINS data 03060108 nicd brier_nlcd_Clip shp S xY Tolerance optional Fig 2 31 Clipping the NLCD shapefile using Cataloguing Unit Boundary 8 Click OK and wait for the processing which takes a while 9 To view the shapefile better you can uncheck other layers then double click on the clipped NLCD file and under the Symbologies tab select Categories gt Unique Values make sure the Value Field is GRIDCODE then click on the Add all Values button Fig 2 32 It takes a short while to sort through all the polygons to select the values 23 Layer Properties kats General Source Selection Display Symbology
181. les Engineering Consensus TMDL Data and Knowledge WARMF guides stakeholders to calculate TMDLs and evaluate water quality management alternatives for a river basin In addition to simulating flow the water quality constituents simulated include temperature total suspended solids coliform bacteria biochemical oxygen demand BOD dissolved oxygen DO nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen species chlorophyll and others Formulations of WARMF have been documented and updated Chen et al 2001 The model has been peer reviewed by independent experts Keller 2000 and 2001 Several publications have documented the decision support capabilities of WARMF Chen et al 1997 Chen et al 1999 Chen et al 2000 Weintraub et al 2001 Herr et al 2002 Keller et al 2004 Keller and Zheng 2005 Some recent publications have explored the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of WARMF projects Zheng and Keller 2006 2007a b The Electric Power Research Institute EPRI provided major funding and support for the development of WARMF The Engineering module of WARMF contains a dynamic watershed simulation model that calculates daily surface runoff ground water flow non point source loads hydrology and water quality of river segments and stratified reservoirs In WARMF a watershed is divided into a network of land catchments river segments and reservoir layers Land catchments are further divided into land surface and soil layers These watershed
182. logic Unit 3 Click on the box next to States under Political to see the state boundaries superimposed on the HUC layer For this example use the zoom tool to view the state of Georgia The Brier Creek Watershed 3060108 is in the eastern state boundary Fig 2 3 BASINS 4 national Lox Legend qw Political O Counties go i E Hydroloav 3 f f y i y s v Cataloging Units O 3 00 0690103 3950 30 KO 01 07 h 3060105 3 4 ie he e 306010840 0207 0 Pi i 4 oo 4 gosa N a 3060203 JITUSUG 39730004 To Build a New BASINS Project zoom pan to your geouraphic area of interest select highlight it and then click Build If your area is outside the US then click Build with no features 7 selected to create an international project 24 29 49 35130 499 Metets 1251629 Y11751 Selected Features lt none gt Fig 2 3 Adding the state boundaries to help locate the correct cataloging unit s 4 To select the watershed you need to click the Cataloging Units section so that it is highlighted in a grey box Then use the Select tool to click on the watershed of interest Fig 2 4 You can select several 8 digit watersheds but there are some limitations on memory when you process the files in the delineation steps The box in the lower left corner will indicate the HUC that has been selected HUC and name If this is the correct watershed click on Build to begin
183. lug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor GIS Tools n th css m i E iia sh shp a Burn in Existing Stream Polyline NHD 03060108 _ E Use a Focusing Mask Use Current View Extents for Mask Use Grid or Shapefile for Mask Cataloging Unit Boundaries E Select Mask 1 selected Use Existing Intermediate Files Network Delineation by Threshold Method 3156 of Cells 21 9167 sq km Use Existing Intermediate Files Custom Outlet Inlet Definition and Delineation Completion Use a Custom Outlets Inlets Layer USGS Gage Sst Snap Threshold 300 0000 erlar i RunAll b25 Y 1145 033Kilometers Fig 3 8 Display of selected inlets and or outlets 10 For now run the delineation without the Custom Outlets Inlets Layer uncheck the box 11 Click the Advanced Settings box at the bottom left Choose Select All to add intermediate output layers to the map Fig 3 9 Close this menu 29 Relative Output Directory Available Intermediate Output Layers to add to Map Select All Pit Filled D8 Flow Directions D8 Contributing Area Strahler Order and Flow Path Lengths Full River Network Raster ee Watershed Grid Stream Shapefile Outlet Merged Watershed Watershed Shapefile Shapefile si Delineation Options _ Use D infinity For more accurate delineation Check for Edge Contamination Removes sub basins with in flow from edge cells Additional Calculat
184. me starting date and time intervals If the dates of the two data sets are not identical it may be necessary to make some adjustments to one of the data sets so that a uniform series of dates is used For this example the resulting air quality file has a starting date of Jan 5th 1999 Any missing data gaps should be filled in with an estimated value e g previous data point average for the season or year Save this file with the wet deposition concentrations and the dates in the correct format for import to WARMF 7 2 2 Importing air quality data into WARMF 1 To create a new air quality air file in WARMF open your watershed project Select the Module gt Data Then select the Air Quality type of data The sample met file will display Select File gt New to create a new file Use an adequate name for the new air file The new file is displayed in graph form Select the Table button to import the data from the Excel spreadsheet 2 Select Edit gt Columns Fig 7 56 103 3 E Data Module File xsi Module Typi Sort by gt ir Quality Columns ESA File name AS 153_GA20 AIR v Table Name Rain Air Fig 7 56 Selecting Edit gt Columns in WARMF Data Module In the pop window Fig 7 57 select the constituents for which you have data available in this case SO SO2 Ammonia NH3 NH Calcium Ca Magnesium Mg Potassium K Sodium Na Sulfate SO
185. ment Tools amp S Data Comparison amp Database amp S Disconnected Editing Distributed Geodatab S Domains eS Feature Class amp Features Fields amp File Geodatabase amp General w Generalization 8 Indexes Fig 2 26 Display of clipped merged GIRAS land use layer 21 If you prefer to use the NLCD land use data add that file from the nlcd folder to the ArcGIS project Note that the large Georgia dataset has already been clipped by BASINS 4 0 to a rectangle around the watershed However for WARMF the dataset has to be converted from a raster TIFF file to a polygon shapefile Follow these steps 1 If you haven t started ArcGis 9 2 follow the first step above 2 Use the Add Data button to add the NLCD shapefile If you add the unprojected clipped file you will be warned that it is not projected You can simply add the projected file Fig 2 27 Look in ret o amp l 4 s EE georgia_clip tif georgia_clip_projected bmp georgia_clip_ projected tif Name georgia_clip_projected tif Show of type Datasets and Layers lyr z Cancel Fig 2 27 Adding clipped NLCD dataset to ArcGis project 3 You can improve the coloring scheme by double clicking on the name of the layer not the symbol selecting show Classified choosing a nicer Color Ramp and using more classes Fig 2 28 Note that this coloring scheme will not be transferred
186. mg l Sulfate mg l S Inorg Carbon mg l SS ier ce v Show Observed Create TextFile Temperat DAT T This constituent all scenarios Statistics l All constituents Brier_practice x Fig 8 8 View of simulated temperature for a river segment River 1 x Org Carban mg l a Inorg Carbon mgl Silica mg l Si Fecal Coliform 100 ml D mg l Dissalved Oxygen rmg l Periphyton g m2 Chl a Clay mg l Silt mgl Sand mg l Total Phosphorus rng Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen m olved Oxygen mayil w Diss n Total Nitrogen mg l Total Organic Carbon mg Total Phytoplankton ug l Total Dissolved Solids m Total Suspended Sedime Total Sediment mg l i vi Show Observed Create Text File DisOxyge DAT ET This constituent all scenarios Help Statistics All constituents Brier_practice x Fig 8 9 View of simulated dissolved oxygen for a river segment 8 4 Viewing Additional WARMF Output In addition to viewing output through the Engineering Module of WARMF the Consensus TMDL and Knowledge modules provide model output and other information of interest to stakeholders e g GIS maps showing bar charts of point and nonpoint loadings from various regions of the watershed and GIS maps showing the compliance or noncompliance with water quality criteria in various parts of the watershed The Technical Documentation and User s Guide for WARMF provide detaile
187. mmended that you check each Station after creating it assigning it manually to a single catchment while the other catchments still use the proven sample met file Run a simulation to double check the new file You can later use the automatic assignment if you have multiple stations 12 To manually link the new meteorological station to a selection of catchments select Module gt Engineering Click on the catchments you want to link to this Station while holding the Shift key Fig 7 42 94 QP Fie Edt View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Help a x yea S Kiba gt Plea E24 2 fer Ao ee o Fills MNCS Svstem 10 Subcetchment 1 815140 32 Fig 7 42 Selection of catchments to be linked to new meteorology file 13 While holding the Shift key click on one of the selected catchments and then select the Meteorology tab Click on the Select button for the meteorological file and select the file you have just created If you selected more than one catchment remember to check the box next to Apply Changes to Selected Fig 7 43 subcatchment 35 Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Sail Layers Mining CE QUAL W Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Mioioorstogical Eila GAD00495 MET Sect Precipitation Weighting i Average Temperatura Lapse C F Alttude Temperature Lapsa Cm 0 005 Air Chemistry File sampe mir Sgoct
188. n 18 3 4382 7 1 A EEs ais 13 Eae 39998 1H Potygon 1 Vv 1 17 1 1O BEN zd i EEEE 18 Polygon E 2 wor 1 10 a 1 Eeng 15m a4 EEA 30 Polygon aA 10 1008S A 15 A 4 a 13570 2 EEA 31 Foran Fz E E 4 qa 5l A GEETE 15300 i 4369 360 39057 22 Poan 4 TECH A 3 A 4 ee 14750 8 569 250 45087 H Pogon z 7 13701 A 12 A i SEIT DST zens u Sme 255 09715 N Pogo 15 Maz A 4 A aras S15 aR 5 073 14 S151 35 Fohr m 7 LBS 10 1 1 HHH Todd ii 4 087 MAETH J Pogon at 13 FEA ij a 1 1 arte ae ia Adiy 553 0083 IT Polygon F E E2 1 J A Al S GAl 14 TAE 2d Pogan EJ H TAA A d 4 1 arouse TO iF TA e eee H Fotvgon 30 is BTF A 6 4 4 anaes 10054 i 3 437 135 ir 3 Pegon H Faj 33 A 5 4 4 PFEF Eak 4 aay 15 Fagen H Pagen cr m 4285 A A A ETE BABA 14 2974 106 sa970 Y Poyon cs Ei GEN A 3 i i e amin 15 II sa scenes 3 Pohygon W E ET A 3 1 1 TANM ina a IWS SSeS H Pofygon 3 m m i t 1 m z Eie E 18 LHI i sree E Polygon Fi I EE a x x DNG 12 z 240 K 0003 W Pogon 7 aa A x 4 AO Te ad draag tis TA 357 Soeb0 37 Polygon 6 Enl 1523 4 En 4 A Po 000 4 3 576 65 357103 13 Pegon 3 E 1725 4 3 4 A HTH Tie i 3 279 a8 129088 Bed ja r eju Show i Selmctid Records cut of 39 Selected options Fig 3 37 View of Watershed Delineation attribute file with calculated mean aspect 25 You can change the symbol in the Symbology Layer Properties double click on the symbol using Quantities and a color ramp to display the aspect
189. n Dais DEM Lepe Kala E kaii DEN E ar mis Shpa 0M eee Ea Buri Erai Steen Pairs e Uns a Foruen Misi Une Damei Vapa Excterte tor Mi a Lie Drd o Jhapa ier blayi migr bt Bomdssi DewMsa Setoct dao 1 saient Lipe Epmung reiii Fii Matat Danpaati ity Threshmd Maruf nE E fefCeta E467 Usa Etiirg lemecttenchaie Fini Hines Dhi Linies Deirsian and Denar Copia F Tia a Gimin Caption ident Lary Select a Pont Shapalile Ren Select o row Dieis irsin Draw Seti cleo Saba unei aaa 0 Seed E m _ Erap Prr Snap Threat ea Aun Artei Satiiri Coe Raan gag y 1g a mn Fig 3 5 Highlighted focus area for the automatic delineation 7 You can select the approximate minimum size in square miles square km acres etc for your catchment in the section Network Delineation by Threshold Method A larger minimum size will result in fewer catchments with some loss in resolution However for a very large watershed or a more general assessment you may want to work with fewer catchments Note also that the public domain version of WARMF 6 2 is restricted to 100 catchments which may require some coarsening of the delineation for large watersheds For now use the minimum catchment area suggested by the BASINS 4 0 software Fig 3 6 Network Delineation by Threshold Method 3156 ofCells 21 9167 sq km EA Use Existing Intermediate Files Fig 3 6 Roughly defining the resolution of the delineati
190. n calculates WP and TL according to Equations 7 1 and 7 2 gt T D T T gt I D n Equation 7 1 A D W P gt 1 D n Equation 7 2 where T is the average temperature at the assigned station and n is the number of meteorological stations including the assigned station and neighboring stations D is the distance from station n to the center of the catchment or reservoir P is the average precipitation at station n and P is the average precipitation at the assigned Station 15 To view the meteorological data station assigned and the associated weighting factors double click on a catchment in input mode and select the Meteorology tab 16 To check that the meteorological file has no errors select Scenario gt Run and after checking the beginning and end dates proceed to run a simulation Since you are only checking the meteorology you can uncheck Water Quality to shorten the computational time 17 Save your WARMF project once you have reviewed the simulation results 96 7 2 Air Quality data 7 2 1 Data sources The air quality data required by WARMF are the concentrations weekly or monthly of main constituents in rain water in mg L and in air in ug m As indicated in Table 7 1 these data are generally available from the following sources USEPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network CASTNET measures the dry deposition of particles at 55 site locations mostly in the Eastern United States Th
191. nd Preprocessing Elevation Units Base Elevation Data DEM Layer Meters v Selecta DEM Grid v gt Selecta DEM Grid rane sere o aate omen O EET National Elevation Dataset 03060108ned Select a Stream P PEERAA Use a Focusing Mask Use Current View Extents for Mask Use Grid or Shapefile for Mask Selecta Mask Grid or Polygon Shapefile or Use Extents Select Mask 0 Selected Use Existing Intermediate Files Network Delineation by Threshold Method T Use Existing Intermediate Files Custom Outlet Inlet Definition and Delineation Completion _ Use a Custom Outlets Inlets Layer Select a Point Shapefile then Select or Draw Outlets Inlets Draw Outlets Inlets Select Outlets Inlets 0 Selected Advanced Settings Run All Fig 3 2 Selecting the corresponding DEM layer 4 Select the NHD shapefile Fig 3 3 from the various shapefiles to Burn in this information i e assist the delineation by using the known hydrography You can also use the Reach File V1 which has less detail Automatic Watershed Delineation E Setup and Preprocessing Elevation Units Base Elevation Data DEM Layer Meters DEM Elevation Model 03060108dem M Burn in Existing Stream Polyline Selecta Stream Polyline Shapefile v Select a Stream Polyline Shapefile Major Roads Reach File V1 NHD 03060108 Use Grid or Shapefile for Mask Select a Mask Grid or Polygon Shapefile
192. neiss and schist Chlorite is also commonly found in igneous rocks A general formula is Mg Fe 3 Si Al 40190 OH 2 Mg Fe 3 OH gt However other elements may substitute Mica refers to silicate minerals usually present in sheets that cleave easily along planes Micas have the general formula X gt Y4 6Zg029 OH F 4 in which Xis K Na or Ca or less commonly Ba Rb or Cs Y is Al Mg or Fe or less commonly Mn Cr Ti Li and Z is Si or Al but also may include Fe or Ti Feldspar is a group of minerals which make up as much as 60 of the Earth s crust Common types of feldspar are KAISi30 NaAlSiz30 and CaAlzSi3zOsz Chiorite ro Hornblende Feldspar Yo a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 Fig 7 123 Selecting the mineral composition of the various soil layers in a catchment The composition is relevant in terms of the potential release of certain ions from the minerals The actual composition of each mineral is defined in the Engineering Module by double clicking outside the watershed in the blank area and opening the System Coefficients to the Minerals tab Fig 7 124 If local data is available the specific composition of each class of minerals can be modified and then the percent of each mineral can be adjusted in each catchment Fig 7 123 System Coefficients x Physical Data Land Uses Snow Ice Heat Light Canopy Litter Septic Sys Minerals Sediment Phytoplankton Per
193. nesium Mg Sodium Na Potassium K Chlorine Cl Data Set s Dry Deposition Time Frame Time Frame Week Start Date 01 01 1999 End Date 12 31 2006 Site s Georgia Station GAS153 Site Quick Reports Air Quality and Deposition Report d Prepackaged Data SHOW HIDE COLUMNS by clicking on the Show or Hide columns bar Sets FILTER results by clicking on the Filter Data bar PRINT THIS PAGE using the buttons below DOWNLOAD ALL DATA using the buttons below download is limited to 500 000 rows Place your mouse SORT results by clicking on a column name once ascending twice descending over the menu items to see their instructions Download All Data Report Definitions View Column Codes y Show or Hide Columns Expand this toolbar to add or remove report columns Y Filter Data Expand this toolbar to filter your results 12345 416 records in 5 pages of 100 records Site ID a SITE_ID Sample Sample Site Name Collection Collection Particulate Pota SITE_ NAME State STATE Start End Year YEAR Deposition Velocity Conce Date Time Date Time PARTICULATE VD KC DATEON DATEOFF Sodium Ammonium Nitrate Ses Sulfate Nitric Acid Concentration Concentration Concentration Dioxide Concentration Concentration NA CONC NH4 CONC NO3 conc Concentration S04 CONC HNO3 CONC S02_CONC GAS153 Georgia GA 01 05 1999 01 12 1999 1999 Station 9 00 AM 8 00 AM GAS153 Georgia GA 01 12 1999 01 19 1999 1999 0 0965 Station 9 00
194. nt and Nonpoint Sources Version 3 BASINS 3 1 U S Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 823 F 04 026 Weintraub L H Z C W Chen J Herr Demonstration of WARMF A Decision Support Tool for TMDL Development IN Proceedings from WEF TMDL Science Issues Conference St Louis MO March 4 7 2001 Zheng Y and AA Keller 2006 Understanding parameter sensitivity and its management implications in watershed scale water quality modeling Water Resour Res 42 W05402 doi 10 1029 2005WRO004539 Zheng Y and AA Keller 2007a Uncertainty assessment in watershed scale water quality modeling and management 1 Framework and application of generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation GLUE approach Water Resources Research 43 8 W0840 7 doi 10 1029 2006WRO005345 Zheng Y and AA Keller 2007b Uncertainty assessment in watershed scale water quality modeling and management 2 Management objectives constrained analysis of uncertainty MOCAU Water Resources Research 43 8 W08408 doi 10 1029 2006WRO005346 187
195. nwdct eeoaua wreuuaoarduoawaiaoaanath SS r r rrr r r TT r re r re ere err rrr rr r r r r r rm m ee RS A ee Eee m bn ss a eT r rn r TT TT TT e r r r r re re re r re r re re r r m R E Aa fF oF O aa O DO Aa a e amp oo oF fF of ce fF boa aa bs G amp G Eea Z Z Z Z ZOZ EEEE ZZS EEEa EETEGEE RED ts PARE E eer E be A ZT oOo O oN AN FT O D H MH VT Oo DD oO A A FT oo 2 Oo MN N nop fof Cc N O we we a a a o oo Ek Se Sk oOo eo Oo oo w gt Eie practice o Observed Compare Pts Relative Error Absolute Error RMS Error r squared Volume med Ob 10 6 02 01 1994 OGOWISG4A TEs F Feet eee ees O 01s1994 4 4 4 cae eee ee OAPI T bs and Pho Mechs EEEE ime te owe SS 0A011995 OPO iGOG hess cow bys coy svees suas sccm A A EEN eam E a E E ET POT AT AEDT eto odd eA E EAEE A REA AREE E AE SE TANE EAE N od N E ove es T TA ETES PSs ok EAE N A AE cut lp ALETE TETTES EYT TENTIT 0 01 1907 POE eee eee O2OWVI9GB s sid sh Nuk cena geiri DAMM ah ETEEN AE N n EA TOT See TTE E ee ee eee ee ee G T 7 ha ui Q i a it pi ore Fig 8 23 View of statistics and cumulative pre calibrated flow at Brushy Creek Scatter Plot Frequency Distribution Cumulative Quantity eeevhnenenehgbevecbescat TT red 180 To setup an autocalibration 1 From the Engineering Module select Edit gt Autocalibration Coefficients The screen presents those model parameter
196. o generate the graph 109 USGS 02197520 BRIER CREEK NEAR THOMSON GA PROVISIONAL DATA SUBJECT TO REVISION Available data for this site Time series Daily data v GO Begin date Available Parameters Period of Record _ Output format egin date All 1 Available Parameters for this site EN ee 2 Graph 1967 07 18 co Graph w stats End date Graph w meas 1993 1011 O Table O Tab separated 00060 Discharge Mean 1967 07 18 1993 10 11 Sa of additional data for this site Discharge cubic feet per second USGS 62197526 BRIER CREEK NEAR THOMSON GA 3888 88 c 2000 80 2 1000 80 180 88 16 68 DAILY Discharge cubic feet per seco 19786 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 Fig 7 66 Streamflow data for gauge station in Brier Creek watershed 8 Once you find a station with useful data e g USGS 02197600 you can generate a tab separated output Select the dates of interest within the period of record Fig 7 67 Then click Go USGS 02197600 BRUSHY CREEK NEAR WRENS GA PROVISIONAL DATA SUBJECT TO REVISION Availabe date for thie site The USGS operation and maintenance of this gagme station is Funded in cooperation with che Georgia Geologic Survey Avallabie Parameters Perlod of Record japri airon Ennan tiacharge mean aa Output icrmat fegindate 0 1995 01 07 iGo J Graph wi state End date Graph w mew AHi M6 13 C Tabie E Tab saparat d
197. o provides tips on how to process the datasets downloaded using BASINS to prepare them for input into WARMF Additional sources of data are also discussed and where appropriate instructions for downloading and processing the datasets for input to WARMF are also provided The first step in developing a watershed model is to define the area of interest and then obtain the datasets that will be needed for setting up the model BASINS 4 0 provides a spatial graphical user interface GUI that simplifies the process of selecting the area of interest and obtaining most of the datasets Then the watershed must be discretized into smaller regions of analysis usually small to medium catchments This process is called delineating the watershed BASINS 4 0 also provides the tools to manually or automatically delineate the region of interest and create the files that will be needed for import into WARMF WARMF also accepts delineations generated through other software such as AVSWAT 2000 After importing the delineation into WARMF several additional datasets need to be imported including land use and time series data such as meteorology observed hydrology and water quality managed flows point source discharges etc This manual will guide users through the procedure of creating a BASINS 4 0 project downloading national datasets for the area of interest delineating the watershed importing the delineation into WARMF processing the additional datasets for
198. of the WARMF main window Fig 7 97 127 3RC1013001 0RC 91 4240 32 9251 Fig 7 97 Latitude Longitude of pointer in map view in WARMF 6 Double click on the appropriate river segment or reservoir and select the Diversions tab Select to add the file as a Diversion From the river segment or reservoir Click on Add and then select the appropriate FLO file You can add several FLO files to each river segment or reservoir reflecting different users or sources Fig 7 98 Sediment Initial Conc Adsorption Observed Data CE QUAL W2 Physical Data Stage Width Diversions Point Sources Reactions Diversions From Diversions To sample FLO ma Remove Remove Minimum River Flow cms 0 _ Apply Changes To Selected _ Apply Changes To All v Write Output To File Fig 7 98 Adding a Diversion From or To a River Segment in WARMF 7 The Diversions To column can also be used to specify if the river segment receives water diverted from another river or reservoir segment See the WARMF User s Guide and Technical Documentation for more information on setting up agricultural diversions and irrigation as well as setting reservoir releases 8 Save your project 128 7 6 Point Source data 7 6 1 Data sources Point source flow and load data can generally be obtained from the USEPA Permit Compliance System PCS PCS data can be obtained via two routes 1 The core data download from BASINS 4 0 provides a s
199. ols Window Help H New 5 emut feed l Open Ctri O Close E Create Project Drectoy Oi and Foms DEEE AN Fax aa N A River Layer wo Define DEM gt Lake Layer ZIZ j Fig 5 5 Adding the Watershed Delineation Catchment Layer to the project 2 Some of the attributes from the shapefile have to be mapped to WARMF For BASINS 4 0 delineations follow the correspondences indicated in Table 5 1 and Fig 5 6 The Catchment ID is based on the field STREAMLINK from the delineation The correct area is the one in meters AREA_M If you did not calculate the aspect leave that field with None selected and WARMF will assign a default value Table 5 1 Correspondence between BASINS 4 0 Watershed Delineation shapefile fields and WARMF model parameters Watershed Delineation fields WARMF model parameters STREAMLINK Catchment ID AREA _ M Catchment Area AVESLOPE Catchment Slope ASPECT Catchment Aspect Match the GIS shape file fields with the appropriate model coefficients DSNODEID AREA_ACRE AREA_SQMIl AVESLOPE Model Coefficients Catchment ID None Selected None Selected None Selected None Selected Catchment Area None Selected v hg Yv None Selected Yv None Selected v v Catchment Slope ASPECT Catchment Aspect v 4 Fig 5 6 Matching Watershed Delineation fields to WARMF parameters 52 3 WARMF will import the catchment layer convert all entities to catchments
200. ompared to the USDA s ERS information from the previous section to determine the approximate over or under application of fertilizers and pesticides a Simmistion 1 Sinm tion 2 Simlaton 3 w Simiation 4 a Irrigation need 720 Simmisnon 5 690 4 ra gt 660 F 1 a T 430 bo 600 1992 1994019961908 2000 2002 Year c Nitrogen need 32 dO H 26 i eA i Nitrogen ke N ha 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year m 630 Irrigation water mm 1992 1994 1996 1998 200 2002 Year d Vineyard biomass 21000 20000 19000 12000 Biomass ke ha 17000 16000 15000 1992 1994 1995 1998 1000 2002 Year Figure 3 Sensitivity of model output to partially generated weather in Napa vineyards a Five simulation results for irrigation b irrigation needs c nitrogen requirement and d biomass produced Fig 7 167 Example of output from Aglnput summarized on a monthly basis for a specific crop in a given location 166 8 WARMF Simulations After completing all of the setup and data import steps outlined in the previous sections the WARMF application is ready for preliminary simulations Section 5 5 provided the basic steps for running a simulation AS mentioned earlier it is a good idea to test each newly created input dataset with a quick simulation to make sure that there are no gla
201. on t have to add it to the map and since the map is in a different projection it is probably better if you don t add it 5 Repeat these steps to reproject the other files 6 For the clipped NLCD dataset you may need to assign a projection to the shapefile Use GIS Tools gt Vector gt Assign Projection to Shapefile Fig 4 6 to assign it the same projection as the rest of the project Fig 4 7 Then reprojected it to decimal degrees as you did for the other files Note that this is a significantly larger file and takes a few minutes to reproject Assign Projection to Shapefie Repropect a Shape fie Buffer Shapes l Cakubte Poligon Areas Cip Polygon with Line T Cip Shapefle With Polygon Erase Shapetie With Polygon Feport Selected Shapes to New Shapefie Epot Shapes to New Shapetie by Mask Merge Shapes Fig 4 6 Selection of Assign Projection to Shapefile tool in BASINS 4 0 Choose Projection Please select the projection to be applied Category Projected Coordinate Systems v Gian Mis CC Name Fig 4 7 Assigning a projection to a shapefile in BASINS 4 0 7 Collect all the reprojected files in decimal degrees into one folder e g reprojected shapefiles There are three sets of files watershed delineation river network land use 49 5 Creating the WARMF 6 2 Project These instructions assume that you have already installed WARMF 6 2 5 1 Building a new WARMF Proj
202. on by cell size Outlets and Inlets are points in the watershed where water exits or enters a catchment The outlets can be forced to coincide with a USGS gage or some other relevant monitoring point In some cases regulatory definitions of the reaches require an outlet at a particular point Inlets may refer to places where water is imported from another watershed into this area and released 28 into the river network e g an upstream watershed If you would like to select the USGS gage stations as outlets use the pull down menu to locate this layer Fig 3 7 Custom Outlet Inlet Definition and Delineation Completion _ Use a Custom Outlets Inlets Layer Select a Point Shapefile then Select or Draw Outlets Inlets Select a Point Shapefile then Select or Draw Outlets Inlets County Names Urban Area Names Permit Compliance System Bacteria LAIR A LAL a nth ae Mata Fig 3 7 Selection of the USGS gage stations as outlets 9 Make sure you also check the corresponding box The software indicates you have selected 8 outlets inlets Fig 3 8 and displays the USGS gages in yellow on the map to indicate they are selected You can deselect specific outlets using the tool that becomes available when you choose Select Outlets Inlets Automatic Watershed Delineation x Setup and Preprocessing Elevation Units Base Elevation Data DEM Layer Meters B DEM Elevation Model 03060108demg vo be View P
203. on of the results may be needed i Microsoft Excel Bata BRO 20070014 131708 RepRecutts txi Sai fe Edt yew pent momat oo paia imdow Hep MEESE EENS ERIE A 42 E ta D4 A Units A 6 C f 1 Stabon IO Station Marna Hinon Latitude Staion Langitudn 2 1013001 Gmer Gresk Miliaven Je OA 81 6514 3 Actaty Start Characteretic Name Recut Value s Tact 5 OWT 001 Alkabniy Carbonmht as Cata 14 mail 6 OVST2A001 Akabniy Carbonate as Catei Va mgl T OO Akanniy Carbonate as Gatika Tce mgl 8 R001 Akebnity Carbonate as Gatog 30 mogi a CVO Alkabniiy Carbonale as Cacag 22 mg 10 C8008 2001 Akabniy Carbondale as CaCa 9 mg 1 OFA T2001 Alkabnty Carbonate as Capoa 29 mgt 1 OO Adkedenty Carbonme as Cal 24 mg 13 O22V2001 Alkabniy Carbonale as CaC03 26 mgl 14 TON72001 Akeinay Carbonate as CaCog 23 mg 15 102001 Akabmiy Carbonate as Cacag 24 mgl 16 OLI ZD0 Alkaknty Carbonmo as Cac03 TO myl wo CAA Alkabiiy Carbonate as aliia 6 mgl 18 02202002 Alkelnity Carbonate as Calo iT mgt 19 S00 Alkebnity Carbonate as CaCO3 J magi 20 SA 00 Alkeknty Carbonsie as Caco 27 mgl 21 USANA Alkabnty Carbonale as Calog 15 mgt fe OPO Alkabniy Carbonate as Gale er mgl 20 20 002 Alkebnity Carbonaie as CaCO3 22 mg 24 0027 2002 Akabniiy Carbonate as Cacoa 3I mg 29 JOOS Alkobniy Carbonate as GaGa 30 mgl 26 TUINP OD Alkaknity Carbonale as Caca 24 mgl zf THUY Alken Carbonate as Caos 16 mg 28 1001 2002 Calcium AT mp 28 OO1 20
204. on the following page then output will be for all 24 748 surface water sites in USA that have daily values data Surface water daily data example Site Site Site Data Location Identifier Attribute Attribute C State O M Site Name E Site type C Number of observations C M Hydrologic Region O M Site Number O M Drainage area CI M Lat Long box C Multiple Site Numbers CO W Agency Code C M File of Site Numbers Fig 7 62 Selecting USGS stream flow gauge sites 3 From the next menu select the State of Georgia The Site Type should be already highlighted to include springs estuaries lakes reservoirs and 107 streams rivers To minimize your search select only those you intend to use For now de select springs estuaries and lakes reservoirs Further down select the streamflow ft3 s parameter Although one would like to use the data in m3 s for WARMF very few stations collect it this way so it would exclude most stations of interest Similarly selecting other parameters at this stage excludes stations that don t collect that information Fig 7 63 fl State jeled one or more Lito E Lesh of Columbia Florida Hewmii Idaho Hlin esis s E Site type select one or more Mateorological Ground Water Spring Esiluiary Lake Peservoir neam Heer W Available parameters select sites that have date for the following parameters Select one or more
205. onreceipt violation O J QNCR Measurements violation Indicates resolution of reportable noncompliance RNC for resolution code a particular measurement or DMR nonreceipt violation 2 DOREEN for GNE Selecting this option will provide you with the description for Measurements violation resolution ha cada Kan tho field ahova this one code O QNCR Measurements violation The actual date of resolution of reportable noncompliance resolution date RNC for a particular measurement or DMR nonreceipt violation 2 Quantity Average Value The reported value for quantity average Quantity Maximum Value The reported value for quantity maximum Quantity Unit Code Code representing the unit of measure applicable to quantity limits and measurements o Code Expansion for Quantity Unit Selecting this option will provide you with the description for Code the code from the field above this one O Report Designator A one character code used to designate a particular grouping of parameters O Season Number Used to enter different seasonal limits for the same parameter within a single limit period Fig 7 104 Selecting the columns in the output file In Step 4 it is easiest to perform a Geographical Search using the USGS HUC number for your watershed e g 03060108 for Brier Creek Scroll down to the bottom You will notice that you can obtain the codes for Concentration Parameters and Quantities in the buttons available Fig 7 105
206. oplankton Periphyton Food Web Parameters Physical Data Land Uses Snow lce Heat Light Canopy Litter Septic Sys Farameter Open in Winter Edit List Land Uses Value 0 8 0 0 5 0 3 Cropland Pasture 1 Gonfined Feeding 1 Rangeland 1 __ Forested Wetland _ 0 8 l 1 1 8 Residential 0 s 4 gt Fig 6 1 View of System Coefficients menu with Land Uses tab Click on Edit List Fig 6 2 Select Tundra from the list and click Remove Then click OK and Tundra will be removed from the land use list Edit Land Use List Land Uses Deciduous A Add Coniferous a Mixed Forest Move U Orchard E Cropland Pasture Confined Feeding Rangeland i Move Oown Remove Help agh Fig 6 2 Editing the Land Uses in WARMF Likewise if additional land use categories are to be added prior to importing data this should be done before importing land use data Click Add in the Edit Land Use List menu and then enter the name of the new land use Fig 6 3 If you add new land use categories you must input all parameter values associated with the new land use e g Land Application in catchment input Land Uses in System 67 Coefficients WARMF does provide default values but they are not likely to match the correct values for the given landuse See the WARMF User s Guide for details Note that the numbering of the list shown in Table 6 1 will change as land uses ar
207. or each station Fig 7 5 7 WDMUtil ga A File Tools Scenarios Locations Constituents TimeSeries Help Scenarios Locations Constituents 0 of 1 All None 0 of 10 All None 0 of 16 All None OBSERYED GA000435 GA002479 a Time Series 160 of 160 available time series in list 0 not on WDM file 1 selected HI 2 4 4 All None Type File DSN Scenario Location Constituent Start SJDay End EJDay a a OBSERVED GA000435 E WDM ga 12 OBSERVED GA000435 EVAP 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 13 OBSERVED GAQ000435 ATEM 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 14 OBSERVED GA000435 WIND 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 15 OBSERVED GAQ000435 SOLR 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 16 OBSERVED GA000435 PEVT 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 1 OBSERVED GAQ000435 DEWP 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 1n GEPASTE fS MANNAN Anr 109 IA anrnsS ANN JAAA rannan Dates r Tools Reset Start gt End Step Unit ii t9 Current E 1 1 to 1996 12 31 r l Common 1970 1 1 to a96 12 31 Native v Xi ESA Ay Sy Fig 7 5 Viewing the WDM file in WDMUtil 7 Use the eraser tool KS to remove the 160 time series currently loaded in the workspace lower box labeled Time Series This does not delete the information from the file it simply clears the workspace Fig 7 6 71 7 WDMUtil ga Min x Fie Tools Scenarios Locations Constituents Time Series Help Scenarios
208. ormat selecting a Custom format for the number of mm dd yyyy Note that Excel does not have this as a regular option so you have to create this in the box labeled Type as Shown in Fig 7 19 Format Cells X Number Alignment Font Border Patterns Protection Category Sample General 01 01 1985 Number Currency Type Accounting Perey Date k inadi m P Time 0 00E 00 a Percentage 0 0E 0 Fraction 2 Scientific 22 2 Text m d yyyy Special d mmm yy Caon J Type the number format code using one of the existing codes as a starting point Fig 7 19 Formatting the dates in Excel to mm dd yyyy To convert PREC from inches to centimeters multiply by 2 54 For TMIN TMAX and DWEP convert from F to C by subtracting 32 and then multiplying by 5 9 For DCLO divide by 10 to obtain the fractional cloud cover For DWIN multiply by 1609 3600 to convert from MPH to m s WARMF will convert the values copied from Excel to values in the met file so there is no need to Paste Special as values Fig 7 20 EJ Microsoft Excel GA000495daily xls 24 Fle Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help Type a question for hel OF eb 5 GS EB OB ara y 10 B Z U BS 4 S 9 68 8 ESE eS N2 v f G2 1609 3600 A Bh Seep E od i eee ee ee ee K L M 1 Constituent PREC TMIN TMAX DCLO DEWP DWIN PREC TMIN TMAX DCLO DEWP DWIN 2 01 01 1985 0 60 1 79 8 5 56 2 8 5 0 0000 15 6111 26
209. ormation on the units associated with the flow rate if they are not reported with the PCS data even though they should be 14 16 View Insert Format Tool Data Window Help Type a question for he a F J zi ly 7 P Arial L1 v f A M4 cCITY OF WAYNESBORO 2 3 NPDES MONITOR DATE FLOW BOD TSS NH3 Cl Hg Cu pH DO 4 m s kg d kg d kg d kg d kg d kg d kg d 5 6 GA0038466 03 31 2004 0 0504 21591 36 18066 24 69 12 5 18 587 52 6 4 670 46 _7 GA0038466 04 30 2004 0 0408 19941 12 22896 00 172 80 6 91 1909 44 6 1 589 25 8 GA0038466 05 31 2004 0 0406 39934 08 45489 60 155 52 6 05 682 56 6 6 568 51 9 GA0038466 06 30 2004 0 0401 38810 88 41316 48 172 80 6 05 2013 12 0 86 6 8 550 37 10 GA0038466 07 31 2004 0 0404 26256 96 28200 96 155 52 5 18 1788 48 0 60 6 8 571 10 11 GA0038466 08 31 2004 0 0417 26023 68 32538 24 77 76 7 78 8735 04 0 69 6 7 528 77 12 GA0038466 09 30 2004 0 0731 23829 12 25885 44 8640 12 96 3473 28 0 78 6 7 522 72 13 GA0038466 10 31 2004 0 0541 36547 20 5132160 51 84 6 91 544 32 0 52 6 8 591 84 14 GA0038466 11 30 2004 0 0434 42508 80 6060096 120 96 5 18 1866 24 0 52 6 9 611 71 15 GA0038466 12 31 2004 0 0343 32339 52 24554 88 129 60 6 05 535 68 1 38 6 8 678 24 16 GA0038466 01 31 2005 0 0358 24986 88 26049 60 181 44 6 91 1356 48 0 86 6 8 565 06 17 GA0038466 02 28 2005 0 0551 22144 32 28944 00 95 04 4 32 829 44 0 95 6 7 535 68 18 GA0038466 03 31 2005 0
210. otechnology Conservation Practices Costs of Production Cropping Practices Farm Business Management Fertilizer Use 3 Invasive Species Management 3 Irrigation amp Water Use 9 Land Use amp Tenure Macroeconomic Linkages Manure Management Organic Agriculture Pest Management 3 Risk Management Spotlights Characteristics and Production Costs These U S Organic Farming in 2000 2001 U S reports examine how production costs vary organic farmland expanded rapidly throughout among producers of different commodities the 1990s and that pace has continued as They include details on production practices farmers strive to meet consumer demand in and input use levels as well as farm operator both local and national markets and structural characteristics that underlie costs of production Latest Releases Publications see all Fig 7 16 View of USDA s ERS Farm Practices amp Management website 162 e Select the Fertilizer Use link and then Crop Production Practices to create a Tailored Report Fig 7 163 USDA Ecc t mic Fesearch Service thy cor You are here Home Data Sets Farm Business and Household Survey Data Crop Production Practices Data Sets Farm Business and Household Survey Data Customized Data Summaries from ARMS Contents Crop Production Practices Overview amp Data Overview Farm Structure amp Finance Featured
211. ownloading Click Finish to view the data After some processing by the software you can view the DEM grid by checking the box next to the DEM Elevation dataset in the Legend 11 BASINS Web Data Download File Help Specify details about data to download bold items are required 8 digit HUC Dae 9 BASINS 303d R BASINS Census fal BASINS Digital Elevation Model DEM a BASINS DEM Grid DEMG Iv BASINS National Elevation Dataset NED BASINS National Hydrography Dataset NHD P BASINS GIRAS landuse a BASINS Legacy STORET Ez lt n Fig 2 8 Digital Elevation Model grid data download 11 To view the DEMG check the box next to DEM shape in the Elevation section of the legend Fig 2 9 You can see that a dataset is a raster file from its grid icon H at right You will notice that the File Name BrierCreek has an asterisk next to it top left hand corner Every time you make any change this will remind you that you have not saved the changes in the project You should save changes after downloading and reviewing each dataset using the File gt Save menu or Ctrl S BASINS 4 BrierCreek File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor LD BUS PI WEA Qe is i tb otf h a i Legend E E AER OW Elevation fd HE Hydroloay Reach File Vv Cataloaina U Accounting Cataloging UL CI Observed Data St Water Qualit Water Qualit WDM Weath
212. p The data are available online Additional soil characteristics will be added to the online database These will include soil taxonomy classifications and soil texture percentages sand silt and clay As an example the map below shows available water capacity of the soil Lighter shades of gray indicate higher available water capacity Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices Fig 7 150 View of USGS portal for accessing grid STATSGO data 2 Click on the online link to view the metadata for the information Fig 7 151 157 STATSGO soil characteristics for the conterminous United States Metadata hates Resources NSDI i Node home e Identification_Information a e Data_Quality_Information Get this data set e Spatial Data Organization Information List of data sets e Spatial Reference Information e Entity and Attribute Information Distribution_Information Get data here e Metadata Reference Information Water Resources NSDI Node Identification_Information Citation Citation_Information Originator Wolock D M Publication_Date 1997 Title STATSGO soil characteristics for the conterminous United States Series_Information Series_Name Open File Report Issue_Identification 656 Publication_Information Publication_Place Lawrence KS Publisher U S Geological Survey Online_Linkage http water usgs qov lookup getspatial muid Description Abstract This digital da
213. p S Conversion Tools H S Data Interoperability Toa PS Data Management Tools Ea amp S Data Comparison E amp Database amp Disconnected Editing i amp Distributed Geodatab amp Domains E amp Feature Class Fig 2 24 Selecting the Clip tool for shapefiles 9 Select the merged land use shapefile as the input feature and the cat shapefile to do the clipping Check the output file name to decide whether this is adequate Fig 2 25 Input Features BrierLU_merge v a Clip Features Eat v a Output Feature Class C BASINS data 03060108 landuse BrierLU_merge_cClip shp is xY Tolerance foptional Meters Fig 2 25 Clip tool menu for clipping merged GIRAS file with Cataloging Unit file 10 Click OK to proceed The clipped merged layer will be shown To view it in detail uncheck the other layers and zoom in Fig 2 27 Save your ArcGis project BrierCreek mxd ArcMap ArcInfo File Edit View Insert Selection Tools Window Help OSHS SOx oe ef 3 vieeOw RANDMA amp Layers g ArcToolbox BrierLU_merae_Calim es p 3D Analyst Tools ai Analysis Tools 0O cat amp Extract Oo Pun O BrierLU_merge F Select oO AF Split 0O Lsavaga Table Select E amp Overlay 3 O l_auguga amp Proximity oO amp Statistics O l_athega E Y Cartography Tools E Conversion Tools Z ay Data Interoperability Too Data Manage
214. parameters or eave blank io select all Water Level Flow Parameters El El a aco mma afale et aO 0O00 Depth to water level ft below lind surface Deeetion of sree few magnete actu degrees Hlevaten above AOD 1907 ft Elev zien above MOYO LAP m Elewehen ef resoved waler Selso above dafinn M Flow rate mstantaneous Migal day Flew mie mstantencens zal min Gage haghi above datum m Gage height above danm meters Gane hachi A Groundwater level abore MAYD 1935 ft Lake of resercoir waer suntace Aevarion abarre SAV 105 ft Lake or teservon wae sadace elevabon above NOVO 1729 A Mean depth of scream ft Reservior tlorage Migal Resem ow storage acre ft Stream stare m Stream velocity tts Scream water level elevation above NAVD LORE in ft Stream water level elevation above MOYO 1919 m fl Streamflow fs Physical Properties Parameters A Albs cuban Liv 234 mm e p centimeter Altitude feet above mean sea leva Depth ol hale M below Land safe Depth te bottoms at sample locatie Evapormansipinetion tom inches Flew m combat ot through a tree Gate opening width Gale opang haghi fl Gate opening height m Groand warer level relative to Me Surhacs area acres Aliscellaneous Parameters Igo ooo oo Blue green algae YS flouescene Count of samples collected bar au Cyenebactena bhoe ereen almer Ply cocyamn exciagen 399 em hagnoshe code tatiler acoustic Dissolved
215. pe Lena HC Lonaest Upslope le Ht AC Strahler Network Orz 8 D8 Contributing Are Zt SM Hvdroloay T_ NHD 03060108 N L Reach File V1 wN m0 Cataloaina Unit Co Accounting Unit Bo W Cataloging Unit Bo O HM Observed Data Stations Water Quality m0 Water Quality Obse O0 WDM Weather Dat t_ Weather Station Sit M USGS Gaae bad O Bacteria ad 0O Weather Station Ar O _ T_ MAW J Legend 3 Preview Map X 1202562 077 Y 1217390 04 Meters X 1202 562 Y 1217 39 Kilometers Fig 3 16 Watershed delineation using the NED dataset 4 Save your project You may want to use a different project name if you are comparing delineations 3 3 Calculating Aspect Although the BASINS 4 0 delineation generates many useful attributes for the catchments and rivers streams used in WARMF it does not generate the true aspect This is particularly important in watersheds where snowfall is a significant component of the hydrologic cycle To add this attribute to the Watershed Delineation Shapefile several processing steps need to be done using ArcGis 9 2 1 Open the ArcGis project Add the elevation dataset grid file you used for the delineation NED or DEMG The following example will use the NED delineation 2 You will need the Spatial Analyst tool If this tool is not open in the ArcToolbox go to the Tools menu at top and then to Extensions Fig 3 17 Tools Win
216. pland OOOO O Residential 2 commercial and services o f B industrial 4 Transportation communication utilities S Industrial and commercial complexes 16 Mixed urban or built up land 17 ther urban or built up land e gricuttural land Oooo fo a Gropland and pasture a ae Orchards groves vineyards nurseries and ornamental horticultural S CO Confined feeding operations 24 other agricuturaliand O 3 Rangeland Herbaceous rangeland p82 Shrub and brush rangeland ooo f s Mixedrangeland Ca i oes o f a eciduous torest evergreen forestland OOOO O O O PB Mixed forestland S a a St Streams andeanals OOOO O takes ooo f S Reservoirs a o A O f Baysandestuaries SSS oe o y wem SCS Ooo f Forested wetland O o f Non forested wetland 7 T a a o f B sandy areas not beaches pA Bareexposedrock O 75 Strip mines quarries gravel pits 70 pT 6 Transitional areas O 8 J f Toa y O P Shrubandbrushtundra amp Herbaceoustundra O 8 Bare ground SS O o 4 Wettunda S Mixed tundra S 9 Perennialsnoworice 9 Perennialsnowfields aie 6 2 Importing the NLCD land use data 1 Select File gt Import gt Land Use and open the GIRAS land use file reprojected in decimal degrees 2 Match the GIS Shapefile Field GRIDCODE to the WARMF Land Use Code parameter Fig 6 7 ArcView Shape File Fields hash the GLS shape dle fields wath fn appenpnaie model comments Model Coetlic
217. r the model although they may be useful for other analyses Fig 7 49 If you change the selection from the default remember to click on Update Column Selections before viewing the results CASTHET Quary Wii d irar Data Sate Parana Tent Frame Sa E uka Reports Bia digits Darii Hi Search AEDA E Tina Area cs Pod a ha PA Home Oam A Mariai Deaan iam ie Chal et Dect Quan Vime Air Quality and Deposition Salect Output You tpecied Paraneterfa Sulfur Decode SOF Sollee 504 Mirae 005 Mine Asat HAF Ammam MHA Gacum ia Magnes ig Sodum Ma Potaasumi P Ghionne Sl Deas Sons Dry Deposition lime Frame Wik Man ase O00 End Daie 1 Sheela Gaon Sisa GAS15 fle Quality and Deposition Report DAMD GASTHET DAM Heip Fact Home cura p Sheet a nee Data catect Cokamn Description fae ID SME D Se 1D SITE _ Dj Sate Hame SITE_ AME Sate Mame SITE_ MAME State STATE Shate STATE camps Lolechen Stan Date Tene DATE CH Genpip Goiprbon lat Labe T ere LA TEC Sample Cabechon End DateTime OATEOFF Sample Gallechan End DateTime DATE F Year TEAR Year of data using standard Tussday to Tuesday weeks Petcu Deponien Wetooty Mein panicuiaa depoamon velocity ued for SO FLU PARTICULATE wD HOS FLU dete MHA FULI emeas Piteuk Dapoeeon Veloce a Compltenass Pacal completeness amp aoe _ ve mea be PARTICULATE WO PCT RPARTIOULATE AD adased Petegaers Flee FL
218. ra there is no default application of chemicals In those land uses nutrients are either available in the soils and biotic reservoirs or are added only via atmospheric deposition Note that there is a load of fecal coliform from wildlife which can be seen by scrolling down Fig 7 160 Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Land Use Deciduous January February Ammonia kg ha N Magnesium kg ha Alkalinith katha Caa o OOl 0G 0O O1 O O oOo Ak A E A k i ke O O OOO OOO 0O O Ol OOOO Ol NaO Maximum Accumulation Time 15 Fig 7 159 View of Land Application menu for a catchment in WARMF Lond Use ESET January February March April M Silica kgiha Si Pesticide 1 kg ha Pesticide 2 kgtha Pesticide 3 kgiha Fecal Coliform 1E6 iha BOD kgtha Detritus kg ha Clay kgtha Silt kgtha Sand kgiha cocooofs ooces coo oe co oosc co O O DOl OGOGO 0O G0 O OOOO Fig 7 160 View of Fecal Coliform loading in a wildlife land use For anthropogenic loads in managed land uses there are some default values assigned Select the Land Use menu to view different landuses Fig 7 161 Input of loading data is on a monthly average basis although it can be varied from month to month or by season The load is on unit area basis kg ha or m
219. rces 12 Click OK In the next window the core model performs first a check of all the input files and then proceeds to simulate the watershed subwatershed by Subwatershed The menu indicates the simulation day out of the total days to be simulated and the percent completion Fig 5 23 Note that you can perform other work while the simulation runs but the performance of your PC will be lower It is also best not to make changes in the WARMF parameter values while the simulation is running since it can be confusing to you later on 62 SUBWATERSHED 2 Simulating day 1036 of 1461 co h e subwatersh i his sys Percent completed of total system 56 Running Fig 5 23 WARMF model exe message display window during simulation 13 Once it finishes a message WARMF Simulation Completed Successfully appears Close the model by clicking on the right hand corner bright red This does not close your WARMF project just the simulation window 14 To view the output select Mode gt Output Fig 5 24 H i Watershed Analysis Risk Management File Edit View Mimes scenario Docu pl v Input I m Fig 5 24 Selecting Output mode 15 Click on any catchment or river segment to view the output If you click on a catchment and there is a warning message that there is no output it is because you did not select the box Write Output to File for that catchment Output is always generated for river
220. reamflow records See section 2 2 step 18 for more details e Directly from USGS from http waterdata usgs gov nwis sw at no cost WARMF has a script to directly import the DV files generated by the USGS The following example will illustrate how to download data from the USGS s NWIS website and import it into WARMF 7 3 2 Downloading data from USGS NWIS website 1 Select Daily Data from the USGS Surface Water data portal at http waterdata usgs gov nwis sw 2 The next menu provides options for narrowing the search area to those Stations in your project If you are only looking for one site and you have a name or an ID number then the Site Identifier option works best Otherwise use the options in the Site Location by State Hydrologic Region or Lat Long box Fig 7 62 For this example select State Hydrologic Regions are usually quite large Data Category Geographic a lat al Water Informatic System Web Interface WaterResources National Water Information System Web Interface Surface Water 1 United Sta ae News Available Now in NWISWeb USGS Surface Water Daily Data for the Nation Choose Site Selection Criteria Choose from the following criteria to constrain the number of sites selected By default the Site type criterion is preselected below and will default to surface water on the following page If no additional site selection criteria are chosen and no additional specifications are defined
221. redo the replacement Create a column for the date by filling in the dates Use the Custom format and mm dd yyyy Fig 7 19 You will notice that there are two days missing in the original dataset from the Augusta Bush Field meteorological station Unfortunately this is often the case and it requires finding the missing dates and either using information from the previous day and average of the previous and next day or from a station nearby particularly for precipitation if this is a rainy period to fill in the gap In this case the record is missing information for 03 01 1998 and 01 16 2000 Insert cells shifting down the rest of the records and copy the information from the previous day Fig 7 35 Again make a note of these changes to take it into account during calibration EJ Microsoft Excel StationGA722180 txt ita Ble Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help ARREA FENS 7 SE EN hy SF 2 S gt yl Ad bill ah 100 N2 f 1 D2 D 6423 A aay C a Sas Dee ae a 2979 19980225 37 1015 6 9 9 43 75 35 6 0 2980 19980226 42 1014 9 9 5 och 75 9 36 0 2981 19980227 55 9 1009 1 8 7 7 6 66 2 55 4 0 44 2982 19980228 56 8 1008 3 2 2 4 64 51 8 0 56 2983 56 8 1008 3 2 2 4 64 51 8 0 56 2984 19980302 34 8 1006 9 9 9 9 9 57 9 41 0 90R5 199a8NaNa 24 1010 qqa 107 5341 34 n Fig 7 35 Filling in missing data gaps in meteorological data 91 15 16 Convert to metric units It may be useful to follo
222. results without any calibration The Frequency Distribution provides additional insights Volume m3 Gc 10 6 Percent Less Than 0240141994 DGD NODA Pe Ag p h TETE E O2 NIDS p i i iria p ro ei AE ETETE a E A can E E a a EE EES AAT E a Ea A E E E AER AE EAR y aA TE PETNE AATE ET E CTE EE a a GIM BAE iine since neie ee aene aea 06 01 1998 Alia es A A Nen Nna ia ig ier_practice 0h ed Scatter Plot Frequency Distribution Cumulative Quantity Scatter Plot Frequency Distribution Cumulative Quantity Fig 8 7 View of frequency distribution and cumulative flow for a river segment The WARMF Help System User s Guide and Technical Documentation provide more information on model calibration and statistical output Also information on viewing profile output mass output and spatial output through the Engineering module is provided in these documents Close the Statistics window In the time series output window click on different variables to view the Simulation results for other variables The results for the temperature and dissolved oxygen should look similar to Figures 8 8 and 8 9 Several output plots can be 172 viewed simultaneously in WARMF The dialogs can be moved around by dragging To close the output dialog click on the X in the upper right corner oO Ho TO EE OO on Oo PEO OURO OUOODUPHOUMO OUT HUNTON GoD Sooo Ooh outro oy Magnesium mg l Potassium mg l Sodium
223. rid data 13 14 For many watershed projects the Reach File also called the Reach File version 1 or vl is an adequate representation of the major hydrologic features However for complex hydrologic networks or to improve delineation the National Hydrography Dataset NHD can be used To download this dataset follow the same steps as for the DEMG or NED data After clicking finish the dataset will be projected in the viewer However Since this layer is below the NED data it is not immediately visible You can either uncheck the NED box or you can drag the Hydrology group above the Elevation group as shown in Fig 2 12 You can also give transparency to the NED layer by editing it with the Legend Editor double click on its grid icon For clarity the Reach File layer is unchecked You can go back and forth between the Reach File and the NHD data to view the quality of information Remember to save your project often BASINS 4 BrierCreek File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor DSDS PYRA i Ei ot oi et a Legend b HM Hydroloay S HM NHD 030601 v Reach File v 0 Cataloging U mO Accounting V Cataloging UO SM Elevation aO DEM Elevati H AM National Elevi FIL Observed Data St 0O Water Qualit Water Qualit _ WDM Weath mH Weather Stat tT USGS Gaae t Bacteria s Weather Stt O 0 NAWQA Su _ ALI Point Sour
224. ring errors in the new file The following steps provide additional information on running simulations viewing output in different forms and setting up an automated hydrologic calibration 8 1 Running a Simulation To start a simulation select Scenario gt Run from the main menu in the WARMF Engineering module The simulation control dialog will open Figure 8 1 The first item is the beginning and ending simulation dates To change a date use the up and down arrows to change the value The day month or year can also be entered directly with the keyboard The simulation time period should encompass a time period with good data record WARMF will restrict the acceptable time period based on available records for meteorology air quality and managed flow Note that the simulation time period is not constrained by the observed data but during the early phases of the project it is useful to compare simulated and observed data In this example we specified the simulation time period to be from 01 01 1994 to 12 31 1998 using the sample met data provided with the WARMF files Make sure you check the same options as in Fig 8 1 to be able to view the additional output in Section 8 4 Simulation Control Subwatersheds Beginning Date o1owiees E RSS mes paaa m4 Mickie Brier Loreak Ending Date 12 31 1998 IF Lower Brier Greek Time steps per day 1 Simulate Hydrology and e Water Quabty w Sediment Hydrology Autocalibration w Land
225. rite NO2 Nitrate NO3 as N Alkalinity Carbonate as CaCO3 Escherichia coli Calcium Select Back to modify search parameters and refine your query Select Batch Processing to generate the report offline based on your current selections You may customize the content of your report by selecting Data Elements below Fig 7 87 Summary of STORET search results 14 Enter your email address which will be used to notify you that your download is first processing and then completed Provide a prefix so that you can identify the file later on Scroll to the bottom of the screen to the Select Data Elements for Report checklist you can select de select any you choose 15 Once you are ready select a Batch Processing option Immediate and Overnight Reports follow the same directions but small lt 300K records Immediate reports are available in 1 15 minutes while Overnights 600K max are available the next day 16 Go to your email account You will receive two separate emails PROCESSING and COMPLETED When you receive the PROCESSING email open and check that the URL matches the earlier URL If you click the URL at this stage you will go to an error page because the file is not ready yet When you receive the COMPLETED email your file is ready to download click on the URL link Fig 7 88 Your request for STORET Regular Result download is completed via Immediate batch processing The Request ID is 613456 You can download your file
226. root 869 1001 ALOO1 001 ME a 8 2 1002 53 1002 ALO02 002 20 W g 3 1003 243 1003laL003 003 310 a E 4 1004 230 1004laLo04 004 4 i AL a 5 1005 607 1005 ALO05 005 5 0 AL a 6 1006 1054 1006 ALOOS 006 60 AL a z 1007 270 1007 ALOO oo7 70 AL a a 1008 50 1008 aLoos oos alo AL a a 1009 88 1008 4Lo09 oog a10 AL a 10 1010 581 1010 ALOIO oto 10 0 AL i 11 1011 32 1011 ALON on 14 0 AL 12 1012 388 1012laL012 O12 120 RE T Fig 7 155 STASTGO muid grid file attributes 9 Add the following tables from the statsgo folder muid layer muid comp and muid kfact 159 10 Select Data Management gt Joins gt Add Join to join the various databases using MUID as the join field Fig 7 156 The muid should be the first layer in all cases since it is the one that relates to the grid file Add Join Layer Name or Table View muid Join Table Y Input Join Field MUID 5 muid layer 7 B Output Join Field M V Keep All Fig 7 156 Joining the muid table and the muid layer table by MUID 11 Once you have joined these fields you can then view them spatially by selecting a field in the Symbology For example the PERMH field can be Shown classified into 10 classes with an interesting color ramp Fig 7 157 ag Layer Properties General Source Extent Display Symbology Fields Joins amp Relates Classes Fields Classification ie mui
227. s Features Download Data Watershed Summary WOX Information about the Future of STORET Fig 7 76 View of STORET main page 2 You can browse either the Legacy or the Modernized STORET databases Fig 7 77 Note that the Legacy database has data up to 1998 while the modernized database has data since 01 01 1999 Also STORET no longer stores USGS water quality data STORET Legacy Data Center Data supplied to EPA before 1999 were all placed in Legacy STORET This system designed in the 1960s was a pioneer in the long term archival of field water monitoring results The Legacy Data Center contains data of undocumented quality Further these data are static The Legacy Data Center does not permit updates and data here will not change over time All new data are being entered into Modernized STORET Because the data do not change over time it is never necessary to repeat a specific download NOTE All data owned by STORET Agency 112WRD the United States Geological Survey have been removed from the STORET Legacy Data Center LDC In the future STORET will no longer maintain the 112WRD USGS data on the STORET Legacy Data Center LDC Modernized STORET All data supplied to EPA since January 1 1999 have been placed in the Modernized STORET System A full description of the design of this system can be examined on our ABOUT STORET page Modernized STORET is currently receiving new data on a r
228. s Search D Ali EPA This Arsa Ga You we hemi EPA apra Giap Aye Haria pea pmi Hem Ar ali p Demoegon Ganr Aird Air Quality and Deposition 1 CASTNET Query Select Select Wizard Criteria Dytpui CAMD CASTNET DAM Hap Fact Mate Sale Heme Hame Home Sheat a You apaciied Parameters Sula Diode S02 Sulfate S04 Marate NOG Nitie Acid HAOI Ammonium NHA Calcium Ca Magnesium Mg Sedum Haj Potassium K Chicine C1 Dota Sens Ory Deposition Time Frame Weak Time Frama Stan Date 0101 1390 End Date 14312006 at Selecta Time Frami Cl itek Raparts Time Frannie yna Data for every week for Prepackaged Data pone EEFE Sots Fignth Place yout morie Hour Gear lie ment it T ta g s ihe ngiruciions Select Dote Range Set Dae January a A la F End Date Decembar 31 2006 Fig 7 47 Selecting date range 5 Finally select the site by first selecting the State Georgia and then clicking on Find Sites Choose station GAS153 Then click Add Sites Fig 7 48 To view the sites spatially use http www epa gov castnet site html Note down the latitude and longitude for GAS153 33 1787 84 4052 98 U S Environmental Protection Agency rs Clean Air Markets Ste and Maps Consect Lis Search All FPA This Area co Tou mra ham DAA Homa Cean air Mace Omaan ham Air Cualie end Danosion Quen Wired al Air Quality and Deposition Bs Select wea criterta GAM C
229. s provide examples and information for retrieving raw data creating WARMF input files and importing each data type into WARMF Use the WARMF Data Module to prepare the files since the model is sensitive to input formats The set of sample input files Fig 5 17 can help clarify file format Table 7 1 Time series data needed for the WARMF watershed model Type of Data WARMF Extension Description Data Sources Meteorology Daily precipitation 1 NOAA National Climatic Data Center global data with a GIS min max air temp interface at http gis ncdc noaa gov The Surface Data Global met cloud cover Summary of the Day provides all the inputs needed for WARMF dew point temp 2 BASINS WDM database downloadable though the BASINS 4 0 air pressure provides almost all the inputs needed for WARMF except air pressure wind speed The data is currently only up to 1995 Air Quality Air and Wet 1 http www epa gov castnet deposition air concentrations 2 http nadp sws uiuc edu Observed River flow lake 1 BASINS Data Download USGS Daily Streamflow Hydrology elevation and 2 http waterdata usgs gov nwis sw storage 3 Reservoir managers orh rivers olh lakes Observed River and lake 1 BASINS Data Download STORET water quality Water Quality temperature and 2 BASINS Data Download USGS Water Quality orc rivers olc lakes Managed Flow flo Point Sources pts concentrations Reser
230. s usda gow K Natur Reso Sources Cons Soils fad Hima Ahui ih Gai Garvey Tnd iea Gai fi in Phata Caller Terhnir al Release Pari arch H A rae Welcome to the NRCS Soils Website aii at aay J J Fe Eris Fayomi B8 j Helping People Understand Soils Soils i pan of the ksngnal Cooperative Sed Survey en effort of Federal amd Qulck Access State agencies universities and professional societes to deliver sclence beped Biy Sail Bol information Livi of Pbled Sail Di yu g m 7 i Ketone Coscerstive Intreducing Web Soil Survey 2 0 Sell Burey MERE Web See Survey H now beter than ever Orima SACS Technical x Gauche m fugue J005 the omproved and enhanced ort ttt e d vermon is now avedeble oline Based on user comments oficial Soil Sere Caariptinne 050 pow feptures aed enhancements have been developed to inil Data hiart make lka Gone mire pei poreine bo be premi Sall Dara Viewer cughamer baar Samp Hia beatures muds o locates smi Lah Dat Sod Lab Da marker floating map unt desongtions transparency Soil Quality liyang a Topographic map layer and the abdity fo create i Sol Sande Gla Suthom otal retoutoe aporte Soil Sete Betert Mapping Tol Sail Taxonomy sate sae NESS Training Website ATF ian A ethete hae been deweloped to assisi Material Wah Sel Bas Eocherstw Ged Survey HOSS fod sountests and char araid Satin une in identihing Ernireng opportunities are Fig 7 repgurces Lanka are provided for pehe
231. s which are most likely to influence hydrology Fig 8 24 Autocalibration Coefficients Snow Formation Temp Snow Melting Temp Evap Magnitude Open Area Melt Forest Area Melt Catchment Groups Group 1 Add a Group Jelete a Gre Catchment IDs Click on the map to add remove catchments in the group Number of soil layers 4 OnOff Minimum Maximum Max Incr E Vert Hyd Cond Field Capaci Initial Mnistire oococ co k k iiiki S o o o1ro o 1o oe S Oo o Oo o 1o 0O o e Wn UE m N Fig 8 24 View of autocalibration coefficients screen 2 The first set of parameters i e snow formation temperature snow melting temp etc are System Coefficients and will have an effect on all catchments They should be modified only if there is a solid scientific basis to believe local values will differ significantly from the default values To view the default values exit the Autocalibration Coefficient screen double click outside the watershed to select System Coefficients gt Snow Ice Fig 8 25 and then Heat Light Fig 8 26 System Coefficients Minerals Sediment Phytoplankton Periphyton FoodWeb Parameters Physical Data Land Uses Snow Ice Heat Light Canopy Litter Septic Sys Snow Formation and Melting Temperatures Snow Field Capacity 5 Formation C 0 Solute Fraction in Ice 0 1 Melting C 0 Snowmelt Leaching 4
232. sandy loam 0 to 2 percent slopes 7 6994 gS 0 4 DoB Dothan loamy sand 2 to 5 percent slopes 11 9522 200 3 2 4 FaB Faceville loamy sand 2 to 5 percent slopes 19 5733 1 411 7 16 8 FeC2 Faceville sandy loam 5 to 8 percent slopes 14 8962 1 154 5 13 8 eroded FeD2 Faceville sandy loam 8 to 12 percent slopes 11 7303 529 6 6 3 eroded FsB Fuquay loamy sand 1 to 5 percent slopes 34 7644 8 3 0 1 GR Grady Rembert association 1 4239 122 7 1 5 HM Herod and Muckalee loams 9 0000 1 712 6 20 4 LmB Lucy loamy sand 0 to 5 percent slopes 53 8798 301 5 3 6 Lmc Lucy loamy sand 5 to 8 percent slopes 53 8798 374 8 4 5 LmD Lucy loamy sand 8 to 17 percent slopes 60 6908 46 1 0 5 OcA Ocilla loamy sand 0 to 2 percent slopes 33 0592 199 5 2 4 OeA Orangeburg loamy sand Oto 2 percent slopes 13 1250 4 1 0 0 OeB Orangeburg loamy sand 2 to 5 percent slopes 13 1250 458 0 5 5 OgC2 Orangeburg sandy loam 5 to 8 percent slopes 10 2500 274 7 3 2 eroded OgD2 Orangeburg sandy loam 8 to 17 percent slopes 10 0857 44 4 0 5 eroded OI Osier and Bibb soils 118 5548 600 1 7 2 Ra Rains sandy loam 13 5987 360 1 4 3 TrB Troup fine sand 1 to 5 percent slopes 69 1034 275 6 3 3 Tre Troup fine sand 5 to 8 percent slopes 58 8818 140 1 1 7 TrD Troup fine sand 8 to 17 percent slopes 67 0591 15 9 0 2 WwW Water 73 4 0 9 Totals for Area of Interest AOI 8 380 3 100 0 Fig 7 147 Tabular view of hydraulic conductivity within the AOI 155 12 If you select the So
233. se the pull down menu to add the land use layers You can also add them directly from a folder BrierCreek mxd ArcMap AD gt Merge fo fel File Edit View Insert Selection Tool D se 3 y Ba B x Input Datasets ARP r IR Cele SN Pe RMT lay f ell amp Layers g Arc T t e t Output Dataset z C BASINS data 03060108 landuse _savaga_Merge shp S y Field Map optional AREA Double PERIMETER Double L_SAVAGA_ Double L_SAVAGA_ Double x LUCODE Short LEVEL2 Text t L_AUGUGA_ Double L_AUGUGA_ Double l L_ATHEGA_ Double L_ATHEGA_I Double Display lt Source Selection Favorite Drawing Y R HESE Boi Cancel Environments Show Help gt gt Spat Fig 2 21 Merge tool menu for merging GIRAS shapefiles 6 You will note that the fields from each layer are considered for the new layer In the case of the land use file used for WARMF you only need to keep the 19 AREA PERIMETER LUCODE and LEVEL2 fields You can leave the other fields or use the Remove button to delete fields that are not needed Fig 2 22 You probably should change the output file name to something easy to recognize Note that there will be two other processes to run for the land use files so the name is not the final one Input Datasets 5 x 4 Output Dataset C BASINS data 0
234. segments 16 For a river segment you can see the flow depth velocity and a wide number of water chemistry parameters Fig 5 25 63 Middle Brier Creek Flow cms Middle Brier Creek v Fl ow cms _ 2000 06 0 07 0 11 0 07 0 0170 03 0 070 11 0 Fig 5 25 Simulation output for a river segment including water chemistry 17 For a catchment the initial view is the combined output that is the sum of Surface and subsurface flows with their flow weighted average chemistry Fig 5 26 The pull down menu next to Combined Output allows you to view the various Components of the combined output i e surface water and the five soil layers individually Subcatchment 30 Flow 01 0 orin gad te TextFile Flow DAT Brier_practice Fig 5 26 Simulation output for a catchment including water chemistry 64 18 Once you have explored the output you should select File gt Save Ctrl S Note that WARMF saves the output files in any case but this ensures that the model parameters are linked to those output files 65 6 Importing Land use Data into WARMF WARMF 6 2 can accept land use data from various sources as long as it is in a Shapefile Alternatively the user can input the percent of each land use for each catchment but this can be time consuming for large watersheds This guide presents the process for importing either GIRAS or NLCD data imported from BASINS as indicated in Section 2 and r
235. sion erg ID Station ID Alias Type Station Alias Station Name Select Cancel Fig 7 84 Selecting a station in the STORET database 11 You will return to the previous screen Scroll down to select the initial and final dates for the dataset the Activity Medium generally water but you could also obtain information on other media and then select characteristics You can type the entire name of the characteristic or using percent sign as a search prefix type in a partial name e g disso will bring up a menu with many dissolved compounds including dissolved oxygen total dissolved solids nitrogen will result in many nitrogenated compounds including ammonia nitrite and nitrate Choose the compounds of interest by highlighting them and then clicking Select Fig 7 85 The preliminary review of characteristics Step 7 helps to determine what parameters will be available from a given station from these long lists of characteristics Note that the characteristics have to exactly match the name used by the agency e g there are many ways to search for ammonia 120 Select One or More Characteristics Rabo ing ais aoa pa Nitrogen plus argon Nitrogen albuminoid Nitrogen ammonia NH3 ammonium NH4 Nitrogen ammonia NH3 as NHS Nitrogen ammonia NH3 as NH4 Nitrogen Ammonia Organic Nitrogen ammonia as H Nitrogen Ammonium NH4
236. size 1 7 KG using the hyperlink http www epa_gowstorpubl modem downloads GRC 200709714 131106 tarqz Fig 7 88 Link to the compressed file with STORET data 17 Note the filename and click the Save button Select the location where the file is saved default may be the desktop Note that this is a compressed file tar gz 18 Create a directory in your WARMF project called storet_ data or similar 19 Double click the downloaded file to open it and click the Yes button when asked to decompress the file Most file compression engines like WINZIP will 122 be able to open the tar gz file Some older decompression software may do it in two steps 20 Extract all the files to the storet_data folder There should be a Metadata txt and a RegResults txt file for each station There may also be a RefDoc_ prefix which indicates Project level Reference Documents associated with the organizations that own the data 21 Import the RegResults txt file into Excel using the Text Import Wizard Suing the Delimited option In the next screen uncheck the Tab box then check the Other box Type the tilde character in this field Fig 7 89 Then click Finish Delimiters C Tab C Semicolon C Comma a C Space Other z Text qualifier pa a _ Treat consecutive delimiters as one Data preview HUC gt IA SCREVEN TA SCREVEN nearer 72 v Fig 7 89 Importing the tilde delimited text into Exc
237. source 7 To view the point sources in WARMF select View gt Point Sources from the main menu The sources are shown on the map Fig 7 95 Double clicking on the white dot will open the file from within the Data Module Fig 7 116 Viewing the point source in WARMF 8 Save your project 139 7 7 Soils Data WARMF requires a significant number of parameters to model the hydrology and soil chemistry accurately You can view the input menu by selecting any catchment from the map view in the Engineering Module Click on the Soil Layers tab to view the input screen Fig 7 117 Subcatchment 19 ps4 Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s Point Sources Pumping Septic Sys Reactions Soil Layers Mining CE QUAL W2 Number of Soil Layers Hydrology v Scroll for other parameters gt Thickness Initial Field Sat Horizontal cm Moisture Capacity Moisture Cond cmid Coi 146940000 148940000 148940000 146940000 148940000 _ Apply Changes To Selected _ Apply Changes To All v Write Output To File Fig 7 117 View of soil information for a catchment in WARMF Note that WARMF provides default values for all the parameters This means that this information must be modified to consider local values There are several parameter sets associated with the soils in each catchment Hydrology Initial Concentrations Adsorption Coefficients
238. ssing data flags or other issues so usually they require quire a bit more pre processing than the WDM data before using them for any watershed modeling JHE GIS Portal Mozilla Firefox Fle Edit View History Bookmarks Toos Help a ia O nttp gs necienoas gov aimstook gs Hp bel abe Son HONA Satellite and Information Ser vice ae was indie E ter Nationa Erenrorerectal Satelite Got and imtoo Ser ME SONS ui i i ae e NCDC GIS Portal Looking for data wiati the HOOO Daia Dii too te begin your earch Prefer a web interface Visit Qeenate Duta Online CIPE Divisional Data Map Local Chmatological Data Map NEXRAD Level If Radar Imagery Map HEXRAD Level II Radar Imagery Map Metedora ws wrs m Map Map H Paleoclimatology Precipitation Data 15 minute Metadata Was wrs Precipitation Data Hourly Metadata wes wes Surface Data all stations was Surface Data Daily US Map Metadata ws wrs me Surface Data Global Summary ofthe Day Map Metadata Wits WES miz Surface Data Hourly Global Map Metadata wes owes ez Surface Data Monthly Extrenres US Map Wms wej war Surface Data Monthly Global Map Momina ows wes y Fig 7 25 View of NOAA s NCDC GIS portal The following example will illustrate the use of the Surface Data Global Summary of the Day dataset Note that the metadata for many datasets is available from this website in
239. t sources are assigned to the river segment or reservoir at the station s coordinates If there is no match the source is left unassigned and must be set manually by clicking on a river segment at opening the Point Source tab Fig 7 115 By default the point source will be set to External Water Source and Unspecified Constituents with Zero concentration The setting for Internal Water Source is generally used for cooling water point sources where water is removed the temperature is raised and then the water is returned to the stream or reservoir In this case a temperature differential instead of 138 measured temperature is specified in the pts file and unspecified constituents will have ambient concentrations See WARMF s technical documentation for more details Using the Ambient Concentrations with an External Water Source will adjust the temperature and will also add other constituents modeled by WARMF present in the river segment River 1 Sediment Initial Conc Adsorption Observed Data CE QUAL W2 Physical Data Stage Width Diversions Point Sources Reactions GA0038466 PTS Add Remove Specify temperature and total loading Water source Unspecified Constituents gt Internal Zero External Ambient NPDES Permit GA0038466 _ Apply Changes To Selected _ Apply Changes To All v Write Output To File Fig 7 115 Selecting the water source and constituents for a point
240. ta is in inches If in doubt proceed but double check the units before importing the data into WARMF For this station the units are inches You can Save in lt in memory gt Fig 7 14 New Time Series Mia x Change Interval Add Remove Dates Shift Dates Math Table Filter Values Base on existing time series OBSERVED GA000495 PREC 51 C Basins data met_data gawdm v Time Step 1 Day x Aggregation Sum Div v New Properties Scenario OBSERVED Location GA000495 Constituent PREC ID fi Description GA AUGUSTA BUSH FIELD Units in a Save in kin memory gt Ok Cancel Fig 7 14 Generating a daily precipitation time series based on hourly data 81 16 Click OK This creates a new record in the workspace highlighted in yellow Fig 7 15 lt lt WDMUtil ga Scenarios Locations Constituents 0 of 1 All None 1 of 10 All None 5 of 16 All None OBSERVED GA000435 GA002479 Time Series 6 of 161 available time series in list 1 not on WDM file 1 selected H S 4 414 E 7 al Ail_ None Type File ews cenario L ocation Constituent S tart 5 JDay E nd EJDay on OBSERVED GA000495 PREC amide sta ane Sosa ga 53 OBSERVED GA000495 WDM ga 58 OBSERVED GA000495 CLOU 1970 1 1 40587 RI 50083 WDM ga 5 OBSERVED GA000495 DEWP 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 WDM ga 54 OBSERVED GA000495 WIND 1970 1 1 40587 1995 12 31 50083 Dates Tools Reset Start
241. ta release consists of an ARC INFO grid and associated INFO tables The grid is called MUID and has STATSGO U S Department of Agriculture 1994 soil mapping unit identifiers gridded on a 1 kilometer resolution for the conterminous United States The INFO tables have soil characteristics data in them The ITEMS in the tables are weighted average values for several soil characteristics in the STATSGO data base The weighted average values were computed by aggregating the soil layers and components in the data base The INFO tables are called MUID LAYER MUID COMP MUID KFACT MUID TFACT and MUID WEG The INFO tables can be related or joined to Fig 7 151 Metadata for the USGS STASTGO grid 3 The metadata provides a detailed explanation of the dataset You can download the data from the links provided Get data here Use the http water usgs gov GIS dsdl muid tgz link to the Arc INFO grid and associated tables Use the http water usgs gov GIS dsdl muid e00 gz link to the muid e00 file 4 Uncompress the files until you have a statsgo folder with the info and muid subfolders Place the uncompressed muid e00 file in this folder as well 5 In ArcGis 9 2 add the muid grid file from the statsgo folder you just uncompressed Fig 7 152 Add Data x Look in a statsqo S alw al muid weg 122 muid att 22 muid comp 122 muid doc 22 muid kFact EE muid layer ZE muid nar 122 muid ref E muid tfact Show o
242. tchments at one time WARMF will run the simulation group by group i e subwatershed by subwatershed This is desirable for large complex watersheds where calibration may be performed in sections moving from upstream to downstream Initially the entire watershed is considered as one subwatershed 1 To define a subwatershed select View gt Subwatersheds and all the catchments in the map will turn white Fig 5 11 ee Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files Systech WARMF Brier E IET it View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Help ox Fills System 10 82 1033 33 Fig 5 11 Initial view of subwatersheds for Brier Creek 56 2 To create a subwatershed boundary at a river segment click on that river segment and then click Yes in the pop up window Fig 5 12 River 1 Add subwatershed boundary Fig 5 12 Selecting subwatershed boundary 3 The watershed will be divided into two subwatersheds from the boundary WARMF automatically assigns a different color to each subwatershed Fig 5 13 pi Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files Systech WARMF Brier 4 P Ale Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Help SANN keii S Fig 5 13 View of two subwatersheds for Brier Creek 4 To remove a subwatershed breakpoint make sure WARMF is in View Subwatershed mode colored map and select the most downstream river of the subwatershed
243. ter calibrating a region calibrate adjacent tributary regions before proceeding downstream The larger the number of hydrologic parameters considered in the autocalibration the greater the number of runs that should be performed to adequately sample the parameter space For this example the catchment by Brushy Creek near Wrens GA will be considered Fig 8 4 since it has an adequate observed series and does not depend on upstream segments The pre calibration simulated and observed flows are shown in Fig 8 22 The cumulative flow is shown in Fig 8 23 Note that the simulation over predicts the flows considerably at this point PR Te POD pe ef de eee VAD pa ep E eee 10 Ferero OC Pc me a CC dC cc m0 See Seed ete to tei cal ta Sa ol Motel tabetide teh sde tibed dutch cp sede tah eo ta ERENS caeich ie Saat bab tat de ccbalide ncerah tabaci fb tebe desc tido teeiidh te Sabathia dat oe Sete dud Soe hohe nial od eae desde toe Seal odd 0 TAFET T Z eE a E E Me E 6 STE a LESIE IA ts Mme A a E E foe er fay T BEN apt an cael Ae ERSE PARER ee cack detent ah ode thea EEIE AL I TLS TL RL TLD fy Maced REAT I EERE Ear T FEIET N ma ee oO a CC O a a a a Vcc e ee ooe n o a Pc a aaa kai aan o SO a a OC t A PRE AE a SE AER ie OE ee A LE a ae ERT pT FERE SEREEN Ae r r ABET MSE eN EE ea r A HM ATM Nh re ee i o wut e Li A i f a 4 r F T F F F a a ga O O Ga a o a D Daar hahe es eo O D m a a oo aaooraiwrwriwrnmtaoaiow
244. ter link and select all the parameters by holding the SHIFT key and clicking on the first and last parameters Fig 7 46 Click on Add Parameter s 97 U S Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Markets Data and Maps a i Recent Additions Contact Us Search All EPA This Area You are here EPA Home Clean Air Markets Data and Maps Air Quality and Deposition Query Wizard vi Select Air Quality and Deposition LJ CASTNET Que exe Select View Wizard Y Criteria Output Results CAMD CASTNET D amp M Help Fact Data Sets Home Home Home Sheet Parameter You specified Data Set s Dry Deposition Time Frame Select Parameter s auick Reports Parameters ETEA To see more information about r Sulfate 504 a parameter please select A a A Nitrate N03 only one parameter from the Sets Nitric Acid HNO3 list Ammonium NH4 Place your mouse Calcium Ca y over the menu items Magnesium Mg to see their Sodium Na instructions Potassium K Chlorine Cl Add Parameter s Clear Parameter s Fig 7 46 Selecting parameters for download 4 Next select the time frame Select a weekly time frame from 01 01 1999 to 12 31 2006 Fig 7 47 Click on Add Time Frame You can select a longer time frame but the website s software can only limit 500 rows at a time U S Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Markets Data and Maps Sarn Additions Contertu
245. the ARMS Team Fig 7 163 View of ERS website with access to fertilizer and pesticide tailored reports e Clicking on the Tailored Report link provides access to fertilizer nutrient or pesticide use by crop state and survey year Fig 7 164 USDA Ec omic Research Service cs of Food Farming Natural Resources and Rural America You are here Home Data Sets Farm Business and Household Survey Data Crop Production Practices Tailored Reports Data Sets Farm Business and Household Survey Data Customized Data Summaries From ARMS Crop Production Practices Follow the steps below to build custom reports Select topic refine queries with specific populations and survey year compare among different classifications of farms and choose how to display results note these are summary statistics Tips Not all commodities were surveyed every year check the commodity coverage to aid your choices Select an item and click on the graphic to get a definition Tailored Reports mek YSelections Crop Residue Management Practices Irrigation Technology and Water Use Seed Use Weed Control Management Practice Insect Control Management Practice Selected Pest Management Practice Herbicide Family Application Insecticide Family Application Nutrient Use and Management Nutrient Use by Application Method Nutrient Use by Application Timing Nutrient Use by Manure Application and Soil Test Herbicide Use by Method Insecti
246. the output file The following columns provide the data 6 needed for WARMF NPDES discharger number Unit Code for Concentration although it is generally blank Concentration Average Value Concentration Minimum Value Concentration Maximum Value Monitoring Period End Date date of measurement Parameter Code chemical discharged Quantity Average Value Quantity Maximum Value and Quantity Unit Code After checking the boxes click on the box for Step 4 Fig 7 104 Double check the NPDES box which may become unchecked automatically If you downloaded the PCS data using BASINS 4 0 the column headers can be matched to these selections Note that BASINS downloads additional columns a Parameter Code A five digit parameter code Selecting this option will provide you with the description for Io code Ere araa be code from the field above this one O Pipe Set Qualifier A one digit identifier used to provide unique linkage between Pipe Schedules Parameter Limits and Measurement Violations CO QNCR Measurements violation Indicates reportable noncompliance RNC for a particular detection code measurement or DMR nonreceipt violation o Code Expansion for QNCR Selecting this option will provide you with the description for Measurements violation detection code ithe code from the field above this one OJQNCR Measurements violation The actual date of reportable noncompliance RNC for a detection date particular measurement or DMR n
247. the statsgo layer to see the joined attributes dd Join Layer Name or Table view statsga T ae Input Join Field MUID Join Table statsgoac T ee Output Join Field OIC Y M Keep All Fig 7 131 Joining the STATSGO databases based on MUID 147 6 To view a particular field spatially double click on the stasgo layer at left and select the Symbology tab For example to view the PERML field select it as the field in Quantities gt Graduated Colors Fig 7 132 Then click OK Layer Properties lt General Source Selection Display Symbology Fields Definition Query Labels Joins amp Relates Show Enahans Draw quantities using color to show values Import Categories SPEU Classification Quantities Value statsaol PERML Natural Breaks Jenks Graduated colors Graduated symbols Normalization none Classes 3 Classify Proportional symbols Dot density Color Ramp O Charts Multiple Attributes E m sate oo KEZ 0 21 2 00 2 01 6 00 td Show class ranges using feature values Advanced Cancel Apply Fig 7 132 Selecting the symbology to display PERML spatially 7 You can then view the variation in minimum permeability throughout the watershed For this view the NED delineation was placed as the top layer and the contour highlighted by increasing the line thickness and selecting a contrasting color Fig 7 133 Since
248. tion Data DEM Layer Centimeters bd National Elevation Dataset 030601 O ned va Burn in Existing Stream Polyline NHD 03060108 Use a Focusing Mask Use Current View Extents for Mask Use Grid or Shapefile for Mask Cataloging Unit Boundaries v Draw Mask Select Mask 1 selected Network Delineation by Threshold Method 28408 ofCels 219198 sqkm w Custom Outlet Inlet Definition and Delineation Completion Use a Custom Outlets Inlets Layer Select a Point Shapefile then Select or Draw Outlets Inlets v Draw Outlets Inlets Select Outlets Inlets 0 Selected Advanced Settings Run All Fig 3 15 Automated delineation using the NED grid file 3 When the two delineations are compared DEMG and NED the difference is not very significant at the large scale Fig 3 16 The Brier Creek watershed was divided into 41 catchments using the DEMG information and into 39 catchments using the NED dataset There are some differences in the values of the various catchment parameters e g average slope based on the quality of the datasets 33 BASINS 4 BrierCreek_NED File Compute Analysis Models Edit View Plug ins Watershed Delineation Shapefile Editor GIS Tools Help IODS AJS VRP PIRJA i Df oth i p at Legend A X EE Terrain Analysis a O Outlet Meraed Wat W _ M Watershed Shapefil mM Stream Reach Sha v C Watershed Grid w H C Stream Order Grid G aC Stream Raster Grid Ht aC Total Upslo
249. tions This can be seen by arrows pointing to incorrect river segments You can also select View gt Entity ID s to view the catchment and river identification numbers which should match catchments are preceded by C river segments by R If the links are incorrect there are two options In this case the connections must be set manually using WARMF s Connect tool button with a double arrow below the main menu To use the Connect tool click the button and the mouse will change to an arrow and plus sign Select the upstream entity e g catchment with a single click and drag the mouse to draw a line to the downstream entity e g river If successful WARMF will show the Tributary Connections arrows on the map To remove a connection select the red arrow with a single click and select Edit V Cut from the main menu See the WARMF User s Manual for more information on manually setting tributary connections Chen et al 2000 Set the connections correctly by manually modifying the Watershed Delineation and River Network files such that the Streamlink and LinkNo correctly match for each catchment river segment and the downstream river links DSLinkNo are correct 55 Fills Be System 10 81 4377 Fig 5 10 View of tributary connections in WARMF 5 4 Defining subwatersheds in WARMF In WARMF one or more subwatersheds can be defined to divide the watershed into several groups of catchments Instead of simulating all the ca
250. to the BASINS project or to WARMF and it is not needed for the next steps Layer Properties 1 f5 General Source Extent Display Symbology Fields Joins amp Relates Show Draw raster grouping values into classes Import Stretched Fields Classification Value f Natural Breaks Jenks Normalization Non Classes fis Classify E 15 a Color Ramp Symbol ee 11 11 J11 20 84705882 11 00000001 20 84 20 84705882 21 8 20 84705883 21 8 23 21 8 22 75294118 21 80000001 22 75 24 WU 22 75294118 31 01176471 22 75294119 31 0118 I 31 011764971 31 96470588 31 01176472 31 96470588 31 94 7 NSARA 37 917847NA 31 9647059 37 91 7A47NA Show class breaks using cell values Display NoData as F Use hillshade effect v Fig 2 28 Modifying display of NLCD land use data in ArcGis Cancel Apply 4 To convert the raster to a polygon shapefile use the Conversion Tools gt From Raster gt Raster to Polygon Fig 2 29 to open the menu 22 BB ArcToolbox aa 3D Analyst Tools ay Analysis Tools Extract 2 Clip F Select 2 Split Table Select amp Overlay BS Proximity amp Statistics Cartography Tools ay Conversion Tools amp From Raster Raster to ASCII Raster to Float Raster to Point Raster to Polygor Raster to Polyline amp Metadata To Cad ED beats Fig 2 29 Se
251. two datasets 5 For the clipped NLCD dataset you may have to define the projections Use the Data Management Tools gt Projections and Transformations gt Define Projections tool to define the projection of the current clipped layer before reprojecting it to decimal degrees 6 Collect all the files in decimal degrees into one folder 4 2 Projection using BASINS 4 0 1 Open your BASINS 4 0 project 2 Use GIS Tools gt Vector gt Reproject a Shapefile Fig 4 4 to select the file to be reprojected Projection te Shape file bil a Ghapefie CS Fea Erase Shapefke Vith Pobgon Export Seened Shapes to Mw Sapeli Epot Shanes te hen apele by Mask Menge Shapes Pe TADA Y ELS Moraes E TAUN2 Sas Y HESE TH Meson Fig 4 4 Selection of Reproject a Shapefile tool in BASINS 4 0 48 3 Once you select the file to reproject you are asked to choose a projection Fig 4 5 Select a Geographical Coordinate System in the region of the world where your watershed is located For the USA North America Datum 1983 works well w Choose Projection Please select the projection to be applied Category Geographic Coordinate Systems v Group North America i wN Name North American Datum 1983 v Fig 4 5 Selection of projection in decimal degrees 4 The software informs you of the name of the reprojected file which will be in the same folder as the original file You d
252. urface imate Data Cine Data s Li amp HOAA Satellite and Information Service md Hathonal Ciimati j j rh Land Based Dota NADE CO Prockect Search Help NNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE Climate Data Online Data Output COAJA 07 Sa ii Data Foran Documentation Privacy Policy ey ermal TSA gov Discinimer bmp nde edie paaa gor CLM Neklara d Downloaded Tue Sep H 114 22 EDT AWT Prodoction Vaman yoo bive qumibond of comment piii Goniact Gir ppt Eien Fig 7 31 Link to the text file with the meteorological dataset 9 The data is presented as a text file Fig 7 32 which you can save by clicking Ctrl S You probably should use a file name that is more descriptive of the station e g StationGA722180 txt Climate Data Online Surface gt Loading B z STN WBAN YEARMODA TEMP DEWP SLP STP VISIB WDSP MXSPD GUST MAx 722180 03820 19900101 53 0 24 40 0 24 1016 9 24 1011 5 24 12 8 24 12 2 24 17 1 22 9 64 0 E 722180 03820 19900102 37 2 24 25 0 24 1031 0 24 1025 4 24 16 6 24 2 5 24 8 9 999 9 63 0 722180 03820 19900103 48 3 24 35 2 24 1029 1 24 1023 6 24 14 4 24 1 9 24 7 0 999 9 68 0 722180 03820 19900104 55 4 24 50 4 24 1023 3 24 1017 9 24 7 0 24 2 528 32 3 36 8 L 722180 03820 19900105 55 8 24 54 2 24 1020 3 24 1014 9 24 4 1 24 3 6 24 0 999 9 73 0 722180 03820 19900106 57 3 24 53 9 24 1017 9 24 1012 5 24 5 6 24 3 9 24 8 9 999 9 63 0 722180 03820 199
253. utrients for over 90 crops including urban grasses The User Guide and Theoretical Basis documents are available at http www2 bren ucsb edu keller watershed htm The User Guide provides details and examples on how to generate the daily and monthly loading data for a given crop and location Aglnput can use the met files available from WARMF or other meteorological information The user selects crop type soil properties e g initial N P water or pesticide soil field capacity and wilting point and pesticides to consider Aglnput uses several large databases with parameter values for crop dynamics and pesticide use by crop to generate the nutrient and pesticide requirements on a daily basis Crop growth is based on fractional heat units i e depends on the number of days above certain minimum temperature needed for plant growth and management decisions e g planting partial or total harvesting pesticide application The results are provided in MS Access database files which provide the output on a daily and monthly basis for input to a watershed model such as WARMF Based on Aginput results a more realistic land use application pattern can be 165 considered including considering several crops per year for a given location Fig 7 167 Note that Aglnput estimates the adequate irrigation and nutrient loads for healthy crop production so an over application factor may be needed to model actual application rates This data can be c
254. voir releases river diversions Point source flow and loading http www epa gov storet Available from reservoir operators BASINS Data Download PCS discharge point sources http www epa gov enviro html pcs adhoc html 74 You can use these sample files to run your current WARMF project prior to creating watershed specific files Copy them into the project directory e g c program files systech warmf Brier_practice and add them to the project see Sections 7 1 2 7 2 2 7 3 2 7 4 2 7 5 2 and 7 6 2 for details on importing files into WARMF 7 1 Meteorological data WARMF can run on an hourly or daily time step and requires hourly or daily records of precipitation minimum and maximum temperature cloud cover dew point temperature air pressure and wind speed WARMF 6 2 can run a daily time step with hourly data or vice versa When using hourly data on a daily time step WARMF adds up the precipitation determines the minimum and maximum temperatures from the hourly data and averages the other meteorological parameters When running an hourly time step with daily data WARMF divides the precipitation evenly throughout the day uses constant cloud cover dew point wind speed and air pressure and imposes a sine wave on the daily minimum and maximum temperatures As shown in Table 7 1 there are several data sources available to obtain these records In addition BASINS 4 0 provides the user with a shapefile in
255. w of final model simulation screen 168 8 2 Scenario Management A WARMF project such as the Brier Creek watershed may contain many scenarios each representing different conditions e g loading rates BMP implementation land use change climate change etc Typically a project will include a Base scenario or a simulation that represents baseline conditions The Base scenario is usually calibrated to observed data Along with the Base simulation several management scenarios copies of the Base case in which some parameter has been changed as part of a BMP or TMDL calculation for example may also be included in the project To create manipulate and switch between scenarios WARMF has a Scenario Manager tool Scenarios can be added or removed in many ways using the Scenario menu category Click Scenario gt Save to save changes to the current scenario Click Scenario gt Save As to save changes under a different scenario name Select Delete to completely remove a scenario from the project and from the computer Alternatively users can fully manipulate scenarios using the Scenario Manager Clicking Scenario gt Manager opens the menu shown in Figure 8 3 Scenarios previously removed from the project but remaining in the project directory on the computer can be added using the Add button The Copy feature is very useful because it is an easy way to be copy and rename a scenario so that incremental changes to the original scenario can
256. w the order in WARMF PROP TMIN TMAX CLOUD DEWP and WIND To convert PREC from inches to centimeters multiply by 2 54 For TMIN TMAX and DWEP convert from F to C by subtracting 32 and then multiplying by 5 9 For WIND multiply by 1609 3600 to convert from MPH to m s For cloud cover CLOUD use the visibility information The following algorithm works well at maximum visibility there is 0 cloud cover at zero visibility there is 100 cloud cover Thus 1 VISIB max VISIB yields a good surrogate of cloud cover Fig 7 36 EJ Microsoft Excel StationGA722180 txt i Fle Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help LD 2 id G4 4 2 7 i E Y A 1 Fg A 1 D2 D 6423 EO ZI hy a 100 z O YEARMODA VISIB DATE PRCP TMAX CLOUD DEWP 19900101 40 1016 9 12 8 12 2 64 421 0 46 01 01 1990 1 168 5 611 17 778 0 285 4 444 19900102 25 1031 16 6 2 5 63 26 1 0 03 01 02 1990 0 076 3 278 17 222 0 073 19900103 35 2 1029 1 14 4 1 9 68 26 1 0 01 03 1990 0 000 3 278 20 000 0 196 19900104 50 4 1023 3 7 2 71 1 36 0 01 04 1990 0 000 2 222 21 722 0 609 10 222 19900105 94 2 1020 3 4 1 3 6 73 441 0 02 01 05 1990 0 051 6 722 22 778 0 771 12 333 19900106 53 9 1017 9 5 6 3 9 63 46 9 0 54 01 06 1990 1 372 8 278 17 222 0 687 12 167 19900107 48 4 1019 2 5 6 J3 64 469 0 35 01 07 1990 0 889 8 278 17 778 0 687 19900108 46 5 1011 7 47 Ea 57 46 9 0 39 01 08 1990 0 991 8 278 13 889 0 737
257. which identify sequence in the soil profile e LAYDEPL Depth to upper boundary of the soil layer or horizon in e LAYDEPH Depth to lower boundary of the soil layer or horizon in e TEXTURE1 USDA soil texture class for the specified layer or horizon e TEXTURE2 USDA soil texture class for the specified layer or horizon e TEXTURE3 USDA soil texture class for the specified layer or horizon e KFACT Soil erodibility factor e KFFACT Soil erodibility factor rock fragments free e CLAYL Minimum clay e g material less than 2 mm in size e CLAYH Maximum clay e AWCL Low available water capacity void volume total volume e AWCH High available water capacity e OML Minimum percent organic matter e OMH Maximum percent organic matter e CECL Minimum cation exchange capacity e CECH Maximum cation exchange capacity e PERML Minimum permeability in hr e PERMH Maximum permeability in hr The information by layer can be used to adjust the WARMF parameter values Layer depth can be used to determine the soil thickness Available water capacity is used to modify the saturated moisture content Permeability can be used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity in conjunction with the soil classification A to D CEC can be used directly while organic matter can be used to develop adsorption 146 coefficients for pesticides and other organic compounds Soil erodibility can be used in the Sediment tab of the Soils layer to est
258. ximum and minimum values simulated and flow gages may not accurately measure flow under extreme low or high conditions so it is best to use several goodness of fit approaches for interpreting the results ABD oc ee 110 ee ee a r a 10 er es er a a l a l gJ ET ER ET ARETE RNE ERAEN ER E EAEN ERO EN TR AET AAR ET EEST ERO see AA E E EO E RET EET A AE EN ET ies Sh ECA Fa ee irs me ET ee meme pny ey fe my yer me me eden ome ge a ae ee er a eee ee eee ee en er oe ey ee Re ee ee ee oe ee ee Pe er ee Eo w TN ERN E E T E E T T a ER R E R RE NRR R T iy R A fe E D z Ce ED ng EE S PE Bee ed en Bee E E E N E PE y Se ERE LEE TA ee EEE N PE E eo e f ee E E E ey A eer ey a eee EEN ee P E ee ra 57 Os ee a a r E E a a G aaa 2 ita ee ee ee ee ee ee a Od a Oe Pr gee OL RE a Bee ec ec Ree AE A NC ee ee A ee Re e Ue Reece ee EAEL Ree ee Ree S D E D EAEE ENEE EET T EE E A EEEE we ee EE EET Pitw o ee eee GAs n Passe Paso ots ep be eae CM RNR IR TRE a Coed ee F Cert na EA Wye ad of x 3 o ao T er ro 2 J ttt ea at o 5 a en ee ee ee a Arr Fe aAamaetamwtaeeterearteaaeaartamtaaaaamtmaaa a anerenamaernrearerteaanamreaeaaasataamaaaaaawaaaaaap Er pakes eee ee pee oei en pe peered mee eee ecg Gey oes See gee eed ee eee De ee ee weer teen Ge Bee pooh ee teas eo EL Re et ek eer oe Be ES PEE pach ea oe Soh eee ee ee eee eer ee ES ES ES Ea ae eee ees a Been ee Pee he eke see See es a eee pe pee Be ee ae ae e
259. xt menu Weekly Samples for Site GAZ20 Bellville Data Selection Criteria Starting north year Jan i 1993 a Ermi riti ieir Der 2006 w Fur peter Fumat Commasdelimited Please Note Intended Use Please select the cabegory thet best describes how you will wse Chic date Pee molly Aree Edie Linen i Atmosph ric Da paciticn Sallega Linwersity Ch ceayetem Processes Wel _ Watershed Studies I iliid _ Aguatic Effects INSTA module user Terrestrial Effets CO other I Materials Elects Brief description of specific apphcation Hutrient Loading if Watersheds Gea Data Reset There is approdimetely a 5 6 month time lag bebween the time that senples are collected and the lime ihat they are avaiable on the Web page Data Documentation Please Download for Later Use with Date Files Eeploneiory Motes contain imeortand infonmatien about ihe date file Advisory contains enportant information regarding ube of date begining in 199 a Format Deseripiens outines the data format useful for input into other software apeicatons Pou width format Daelimibed barmai Fig 7 54 Selection of date range for an NTN NADP site 102 18 19 Save the dataset for editing in Excel using Save As Open the file in Excel using the comma delimited option 20 The columns needed for WARMF are Ca Mg K Na NH4 NO3 Cl and S04 The units are mg L For clarity the other columns have been deleted in this example
260. you only want that data Measure EEGI Advanced Tools r T Select Butter Radius Clear Selection Basic Tools Foor to Selected Pe t lect o Bon BE Fig 7 28 Selection of stations near Brier Creek 88 5 A list of the selected stations is generated below the map with their station Ids beginning and end dates for data collection name location latitude and longitude elevation and other information Fig 7 29 Thi Surface Data Global Summary of the Day Places disable ny popii Basic Tools Advanced Tools AY if Clear Select m y sae Mw Se Vieacure Guery Searc Jy Ma election Radius easure ser Search 1t ap 2 f nV 1 7 f r f Sy i l PTS la P Maat y j j i 85 t y Nao generated by NOAA s National Climatic Data Center 2 2003 err eS Data Global Summary of the Day PS Get Selected Data from CDO opens a new window Sort By Column Lenan N Bat Sees Descending click a column name to sort help Rec Station ID AWS WBANID COOPID Begin Date End Date Name State Latitude Loi 1 Data 999999 13873 090435 19550901 19721231 ATHENS MUNICIPAL ARPT GA 33 948 N ex Fig 7 29 List of stations near Brier Creek 6 Note that some of the stations have end dates in the 1970s or earlier so they are probably of limited use for your work Luckily the Augusta Bush Field station 6 in the list AWS GA722180 has data from 1973 to 2007

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